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<HTML> <HEAD>  <META NAME="description" CONTENT="Explanation of The Code of Carl Munck and related ancient Gematrian numbers, showing mathematically that the ancient sites around the world are very accurately positioned on a coordinate system. Shows hard evidence of a grand design to creation "> <META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="Gematria, gematrian, ancient numbers, ancient sites, numerology, cartography, metrology, Roman, Babylonian, Mayan numbers, timekeeping, Rennes Le Chateau, Marcahuasi, 72, 432, 666, 144000, soss, crop circles, stone circles, Stonehenge, Bible, Bible code, Revelation, Giza, Sphinx, Great Pyramid, Mars, Cydonia, face on Mars, Hoagland"> <META NAME="author" CONTENT="joseph e. mason, michael lawrence morton, james furia, craig tuz"> <TITLE>THE CODE OF CARL MUNCK, AND ANCIENT GEMATRIAN NUMBERS - PART ONE</TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY BGCOLOR="#FFCC99" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0000ff" VLINK="#ff8000" BACKGROUND="papyrus.gif"> <CENTER> <TABLE BORDER="6" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#CC9966" BORDERCOLORDARK="#996600" BGCOLOR="#996600"> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=right> <IMG SRC="title.gif" WIDTH="583" HEIGHT="104"></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <CENTER> <P ALIGN=Left> </CENTER> </CENTER> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><BIG><B>"THE CODE" OF CA</B><B>RL MUNCK <BR> AND ANCIENT GEMATRIAN NUMBERS<BR> Part One</B></BIG></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><B>Hard Evidence of a Grand Design to Creation</B></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <IMG WIDTH="288" HEIGHT="194" SRC="pyrmid.gif"> <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>The Pyramids at Giza</BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG>Joseph E. Mason</BIG></FONT> <BR> With contributions from:<BR> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG>Michael Lawrence Morton</BIG></FONT> <BR> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG>James Furia<BR> Dee Finney</BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Left> <A NAME="Top">Top</A> <P ALIGN=Left> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><A HREF="#References For Part One">References For Part One</A></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Left> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><A HREF="#Related Sites">Related Sites</A></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Left> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><A HREF="#Useful Resources">Useful Resources</A></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Left> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><A HREF="#INDEX"><B>INDEX</B></A></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG><BIG>Part One - Introduction</BIG></BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><BIG><B>Overview</B></BIG><BR> <B>By Joseph E. Mason</B></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Left> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="golddmd.gif">  <BIG>   The great mysteries of life are quite elusive.  We do not have the "hard facts" needed to feel sure that our theories about the mysteries are true.  Sometimes we feel sure, but convincing others is not so easy.  Alas, they want "facts," and we cannot produce them.  Well, times are changing.  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>This is the start of a series of articles that will present many "facts" concerning some major mysteries of our world.  These "facts" will show evidence that - </BIG> <BLOCKQUOTE> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="aquadmd.gif">   <BIG>The ancient sites around the world are very precisely positioned on a global coordinate system in relation to the position of the Great Pyramid at Giza.  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="aquadmd.gif">    <BIG>The positions of the sites are given in the geometry of their construction.  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="aquadmd.gif"> <BIG>  A very ancient system of numbers was used in the system, which we will call "Gematria." </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="aquadmd.gif"> <BIG>  "Gematrian" numbers are found in ancient myths and religions, including the Bible.  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="aquadmd.gif">    <BIG>Gematrian numbers were used in systems of weights and measures by ancient peoples, including the Greeks, the Egyptians, the Persians, the Babylonians and the Romans.  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="aquadmd.gif">   <BIG>The ancient Mayans used Gematrian numbers in their very accurate timekeeping.  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="aquadmd.gif">   <BIG>The Code system uses mathematical constants, such as pi and the radian. </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="aquadmd.gif">   <BIG>The system also uses conventions that are still in use, such as the 360 degree circle, 60 minute degree, 60 second minute, the base-ten numbering system, the 12-inch foot, and the 5280-foot mile.  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="aquadmd.gif">   <BIG>The Nazca Line ground markings "locate themselves" on The Code Matrix system.  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="aquadmd.gif"> <BIG>  Crop circle formations suggest the same ancient numbers by way of their positions and measurements.  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="aquadmd.gif">   <BIG>The very ancient "Monuments on Mars," including "The Face on Mars," were positioned in exact locations, just as the ancient sites on Earth.  </BIG> </BLOCKQUOTE> <P ALIGN=Center> <IMG WIDTH="590" HEIGHT="14" SRC="twst_bar.gif"> <P ALIGN=Center> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><BIG><B>Background</B></BIG></BIG></FONT> <P> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="golddmd.gif">   <BIG>In 1994 I sent a letter to my friend, <FONT COLOR="#804000"><A HREF="http://www.fpdorchak.com/BlackSheepInfo.html">Madelon Rose Logue</A></FONT>, which included various numbers that I had found in my dream-coincidence research path.  Some of the numbers came from myths/religions, including the Bible, some came from reading about the crop circles, and most were involved in a "coincidence" I had experienced.  Madelon sent a copy of my letter to Carl Munck, who then wrote to me.  He informed me of a few things about the numbers, and enclosed two copies of his newsletter, <I><B>The Code</B></I>.  </BIG> <P> <BIG>This was itself a "coincidence," or synchronicity.  I had just viewed the video of <A HREF="http://www.enterprisemission.com/">Richard Hoagland</A> presenting his findings about the Monuments on Mars to the United Nations in 1992.  In the video, Richard speaks of Carl Munck and his Code, and how it fits with the Mars findings.    </BIG> <P> <BIG>One of Carl's newsletters covered some basics of "The Code" system concerning the very precise positioning of the ancient sites.  The other spoke of a related ancient numbering system called Gematria.  I was awe struck by these things, as they seemed to "prove" mathematically that such a system did indeed exist, and most of the numbers I had mentioned in my letter to Madelon were part of the very ancient Gematrian system.  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <IMG WIDTH="590" HEIGHT="14" SRC="twst_bar.gif"> <P ALIGN=Center> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><B><BIG>Explanation of The Code System</BIG></B></BIG></FONT> <P> <IMG WIDTH="128" HEIGHT="88" SRC="globe.jpg" ALIGN="Left"><IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="golddmd.gif">  <BIG>   The Code system is quite like the <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography#Cartography">cartographic system</A> we still use today . . . which was probably handed down to us from <A HREF="http://math.rice.edu/~lanius/pres/map/maphis.html"><B><I>very</I></B> ancient times</A>.  In both the old and new reckoning systems, the earth is divided into 360 degrees around the equator for longitude coordinates, and latitude coordinates are reckoned at 90 degrees, from the equator to either Pole. Each degree is further divided into 60 "minutes," and each minute is divided into 60 "seconds."  Thus, by giving the degrees, minutes, and seconds of East or West longitude and same for the North or South latitude, we can "locate" any point on the earth, similar to the way we give two street addresses to locate a place in our cities and towns.  The big difference between the two systems is that today we use Greenwich, England as the starting point (zero degrees), or "Prime Meridian," for the longitude coordinates, whereas the ancients used the Great Pyramid of Giza. The difference in longitude between the two Prime Meridians is 31 degrees, 08 minutes, 0.8 seconds, so this must be taken into account when calculating "The Code."  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <IMG WIDTH="590" HEIGHT="14" SRC="twst_bar.gif"> <P ALIGN=Center> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><B><BIG>Following The Code Numbers</BIG></B></BIG></FONT> <P> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="golddmd.gif">    <BIG>It is not necessary to be a mathematical expert to learn The Code system.  Some terms, such as Pi, the Radian (RAD), square root, 'e', and Tangent are mentioned as part of the decoding system, but a complete understanding of their meaning is not required to follow along.  They are mostly various mathematical constants used in geometric calculations of circles and spheres. Brief explanations <I><B>will</B></I> be given in the articles that follow.  To follow the calculations, it is most useful to have a scientific calculator.  Windows 95 has a calculator under "Accessories" in the Start Menu.  After calling up the Calculator window, it can be changed to a scientific calculator on the Menu bar under "View."  Michael recommends using a pocket calculator with the needed functions on it, such as the TI-30Xa Solar, from Texas Instruments.  It's also the one Carl uses.<BIG>  </BIG></BIG> <P> <BIG>Some abbreviations will be used, such as:  </BIG> <BLOCKQUOTE> <BIG>W.</BIG>   <BIG> =  West </BIG> <BR> <BIG>E.</BIG>     <BIG> = East </BIG> <BR> <BIG>deg</BIG>   <BIG>=  Degrees </BIG> <BR> <BIG>min </BIG>  <BIG>=  Minutes </BIG><BR> <BIG>sec</BIG>   <BIG> =  Seconds </BIG><BR> <BIG>RAD</BIG>   =<BIG>  Radian </BIG> <BR> <BIG>x</BIG>       <BIG> =  "times," multiply</BIG> <BR> <BIG><BIG><B>/</B></BIG>       =  divided by </BIG> <BR> <BIG>C. I.</BIG>  <BIG>=  Coordinate Intersect (explained below, as presented) </BIG> <P> <IMG WIDTH="590" HEIGHT="14" SRC="twst_bar.gif"> <P> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><B><BIG>Dream Beginning of The Code </BIG></B></BIG></FONT> </BLOCKQUOTE> <P> <BIG>As a dream researcher, I was very interested to learn that decades ago, Carl had an incredible dream where he was taken back in time.  He saw workers constructing the Great Pyramid at Giza. Other dreams and experiences were directing him to "figure out the pyramids." He did not understand or feel capable of doing such a thing, whatever it was, but it was like being bombarded by the Spirit to "DO IT!" This led to Carl's amazing findings.    </BIG> <P> <BIG>Carl has presented his research to many over the years.  Unfortunately, from the academic world, all he has ever heard is "the sound of doors slamming."  As we have seen in other fields, new ideas are often rejected out-of-hand without study and due consideration, especially when they have the potential to upset the apple-cart of accepted theories.  We will present Carl's work on these pages, so that you can judge it for yourself.  </BIG> <P> <BIG>Michael will start by showing Carl's decoding of Stonehenge.  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <IMG WIDTH="590" HEIGHT="14" SRC="twst_bar.gif"> <P ALIGN=Center> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><B><BIG><BIG>Introduction to The Code</BIG></BIG></B></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><B><BIG>Stonehenge - Circular Data Base</BIG></B></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehenge"> <IMG WIDTH="329" HEIGHT="119" SRC="stnhng.gif">    <IMG SRC="link.jpg" WIDTH="22" HEIGHT="22"></A> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><B> by Michael Lawrence Morton</B></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Left> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="golddmd.gif">     <BIG>It was Carl P. Munck's article on Stonehenge, in a newsletter put out by Richard C. Hoagland called "Martian Horizons" in the early 1990s, that really got me interested in Munck's work. Munck calls himself an archeocryptographer . . . and he is the pioneer in this new field, having re-discovered an amazingly-advanced "geomath matrix" from very deep antiquity, encoded in the precise latitude/longitude positions of ancient pyramids, mounds, effigies, monuments, and stone circles.</BIG> <P> <BIG>Munck has been able to confirm the reality of this incredible discovery (or, re-discovery) by simply pointing-out what is *<B>there</B>* for all to observe, by way of modern satellite-accurate maps, simple math, and a hand-held calculator. Indeed; aerial photography, satellite imaging, and calculators (computers) have proven essential for the birth of archeocryptography.</BIG> <P> <BIG>In his 'decoding' of Stonehenge, Munck first determined that the original Sarsen Circle was constructed of 60 stones . . . 30 uprights and 30 cross-pieces.  The Sarsen Circle, like any circle, has 360 degrees of arc on its circumference if we assume "our" circle/sphere math conventions. Here was a major key in this re-discovery process:  the hypothesis that 360 degrees on a circumference was 'always' an integral part of this advanced 'matrix'!</BIG> <P> <BIG>Munck took the 60 original Sarsen Circle stones and multiplied them by 360 . . . 60 x 360 = 21600 . . . which "happens to be" the number of arc-minutes on any circumference, according to "our" math conventions.  And, 21600 also "happens to be" the number of Nautical Miles on the polar circumference of Earth.  Isn't it interesting that one Nautical Mile equals exactly one 'minute' of Earth latitude?  Of course, we also "happen" to use the number 60 for "time circles" . . . minutes in an hour and seconds in a minute . . . as on the circumference of a clock face.  We are finding out (re-discovering) that the numbers 60 and 360 are not *really* arbitrary, in terms of what we know as time and space.</BIG> <P> <BIG>I think the number 60 is very "geometric" because it is divisible by many whole numbers into many *other* whole numbers, and this is part of the inherent "nature" of our number system. </BIG> <P> <BIG>(I now think that the distance, on a baseball field, from the pitcher's mound to home plate . . . 60 feet, 6 inches . . . is not really *arbitrary*, either.  60 x 6 = 360.  But that's a subject for another article.)</BIG> <P> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><B>Latitude of Stonehenge</B></BIG></FONT> <P> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="golddmd.gif">    <BIG>Using the most accurate maps available, Carl P. Munck looked to see if he could find some meaningful relationship between the precise location of Stonehenge, on Earth in terms of latitude and/or longitude, and the number 21600. He noted its latitude of approximately 51 deg 10 min North. Suppose he would, for instance, divide the number 21600 by 51, and then divide that result by 10 ? Yes, this is what he did :</BIG> <P> <BIG>21600 / 51 = 423.5294118</BIG> <P> <BIG>Then, 423.5294118 / 10 = 42.35294118</BIG> <P> <BIG>Amazingly, Stonehenge centers itself precisely AT this latitude :</BIG> <P> <BIG>51 deg 10 min 42.3529 sec</BIG> <P> <BIG>Munck calls the product of a site's (centered) degrees x minutes x seconds . . . the 'Grid Latitude' (or 'Grid Longitude' for the site's centered longitude).</BIG> <P> <BIG>So; the Grid Latitude of Stonehenge is :</BIG> <P> <BIG>51 deg x 10 min x 42.35294118 sec North = 21600 North</BIG> <P> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><B>Original Longitude of Stonehenge</B></BIG></FONT> <P> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="golddmd.gif">    <BIG>One of Munck's major discoveries is his re-discovery of "our" (?) original prime meridian for longitude measurement.  He determined that the prime meridian for this 'geomath matrix' passes directly through the center of The Great Pyramid at Giza in Egypt.  So; we adjust our longitude (east or west, according to the site we are working with) by 31 deg 08 min 0.8 sec . . . the exact longitude distance between the current Greenwich, England prime meridian and the center of The Great Pyramid.  In our current system, the longitude for Stonehenge is - </BIG> <P> <BIG>01 deg 49 min 28.0173748 sec</BIG> <BIG>W.Greenwich (West of Greenwich)</BIG> <P> <BIG>In the ancient "Code" system, the longitude for Stonehenge was - </BIG> <P> <BIG>32 deg x 57 min x 28.8173748 sec W.Giza = 52562.89164 W.Giza</BIG> <P> <FONT COLOR="#000000"><BIG>To explain - using the best maps available, we know that Stonehenge is centered at W.Greenwich longitude 01 deg 49 min 28 sec.  So; because Stonehenge is located not that far to the west of the Greenwich, England prime meridian, we *add* the (31 deg 08 min 0.8 sec) variance-distance onto the W.Greenwich longitude: </BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center>          <FONT COLOR="#000000"><BIG>01 deg 49 min 28 sec W.Greenwich </BIG> <BR> <BIG>+ 31 deg 08 min   0.8 sec (variance)</BIG> <HR width=220> <BIG> 32 deg 57 min 28.8 sec W.Giza</BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <P> <FONT COLOR="#000000"><BIG>Now, if we multiply . . . 32 deg x 57 min x 28.8 sec . . . using the "numbers only" . . . we will be multiplying 32 x 57 x 28.8 . . . for a product of 52531.2.  At this point, we look through the matrix to see if there is a figure "close to" 52531.2 . . . and we find such a figure in the number 52562.89164 . . . which </BIG></FONT><BIG>turns out to encode the 'product' of certain math constants and a certain astronomical/geometric number, </BIG><FONT COLOR="#000000"><BIG>the multiplied product of . . . </BIG></FONT> <P> <FONT COLOR="#000000"><BIG> RAD (deg) x Pi x 2Pi x Square Root of 2160 = 52562.89164</BIG></FONT> <P> <FONT COLOR="#000000"><BIG> 57.29577951 x 3.141592654 x 6.283185307 x 46.47580015 = 52562.89164 </BIG></FONT> <P> <FONT COLOR="#000000"><BIG>Now, to "check" this figure . . . we start with 52562.89164 . . . and divide, first by the number of degrees, and then divide that result by the number of minutes, like this . . .</BIG></FONT> <P> <FONT COLOR="#000000"><BIG> 52562.89164 / 32 / 57 = 28.8173748 sec </BIG></FONT> <P> <FONT COLOR="#000000"><BIG>We can see, here, that this "very precise" number of longitude seconds is only 0.0173748 (28.8173748 - 28.8) longitude seconds away from our *approximation* of 28.8 longitude seconds.  In terms of actual FEET, this would be a difference of approximately a Foot and a half. Yes, we now have figured out the W.Giza longitude of Stonehenge (the way Carl P. Munck did it) :</BIG></FONT> <P> <FONT COLOR="#000000"><BIG> 32 deg 57 min 28.8173748 sec W.Giza</BIG></FONT> <P> <BIG>In dealing with circles and spheres, we run into the math constants of Pi and RADIAN measure, and these constants are integral to this 'geomath matrix', along with the number 360.  Pi is the ratio of circumference to diameter of any given circle or sphere.  Radian (deg) is the arc-distance on the circumference that is equal to the radius of any given circle or sphere.  In degrees of arc, the Radian is equal to 57.29577951 (deg) . . . to eight decimal places.  It is an irrational number, like the Pi constant 3.141592654 . . . to nine decimal places.</BIG>   <P> <BIG>[Note from Joe:  The Radian can be figured by dividing 180 by Pi.]</BIG> <P> <BIG>The relationship between Pi, the Radian (deg), and 360 (deg) can be shown with this equation : RAD x 2Pi = 360</BIG> <P> <BIG>Now, back to the Grid Longitude of Stonehenge . . .</BIG> <P> <BIG>52562.89164 = RAD x Pi x 2Pi x Square Root of 2160 (46.47580015)</BIG> <P> <BIG>Here we have 4 terms, or quantities, multiplying to a number that encodes the precise original (Giza-based) longitude of Stonehenge.  And, each of these 4 terms are important "entities" that are integral to both the design and the essence of this re-discovered 'matrix'.</BIG> <P> <BIG>Notice that the number 2160 is a "base-ten harmonic" of the number 21600, and vice-versa . . . the decimal point is simply moved one place, 'horizontally'.</BIG> <P> <BIG>Note also that 2160 refers to:  diameter of The Moon in statute miles (regular miles), years in a Zodiac Age, and the total number of corner-angle degrees on the surface of a Cube.</BIG> <P> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><B>Grid Point Value of Stonehenge</B></BIG></FONT> <P> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="golddmd.gif">    <BIG>The intersection point of latitude/longitude is represented in this 'matrix', for any given site, by the ratio of the Grid Latitude to the Grid Longitude, always greater-than-one. This resulting number is the Grid Point Value:</BIG> <P> <BIG>52562.89164 / 21600 = 2.433467206</BIG> <P> <BIG>[Joe's note:  The intersection point-Grid Point Value is also called the "Coordinate Intersect," or C. I.]</BIG> <P> <BIG>Munck has determined that the precise (matrix-valid) radius in Feet, of the Sarsen Circle at Stonehenge, is 48.66934411 . . . to eight decimal places.  If we divide that radius in Feet by Stonehenge's Grid Point Value, we get . . . </BIG> <P> <BIG>48.66934411 / 2.433467206 = 20 . . . a base-10 harmonic of the 'binary' number 2.</BIG> <P> <BIG>Suppose we divide the Sarsen Circle radius in Feet into the RAD (deg) constant?</BIG> <P> <BIG>57.29577951 / 48.66934411 = 1.177245771</BIG> <P> <BIG>Munck found that this number is the TANGENT of the precise azimuth-of-orientation of the 'Avenue' at Stonehenge . . . 49.65408598 degrees.</BIG> <P> <BIG>He found further that 49.65408598 is equal to:  (e / Pi) RAD . . . where 'e' is the base of the so-called "natural logarithms," observed in the 'growth patterns' of natural things such as conch shells . . . approximately the value 2.72 . . . </BIG> <P> <BIG>(2.72258992 / Pi) x RAD (deg) = 49.65408598</BIG> <P> <BIG>Stonehenge, of course, is a very important site in this re-discovered matrix.  Next to only The Great Pyramid at Giza, it is apparently the most important site on Earth in the Geomath Matrix.</BIG> <P> <CENTER> <TABLE BORDER=6 BGCOLOR="#FFF0E0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#996600" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#CC9966"> <TR> <TD><B>Michael Lawrence Morton graduated from Franklin and Marshall College <BR> <SMALL><SMALL> </SMALL></SMALL> (Lancaster, Pennsylvania) in 1973 with a B.A. degree in English Literature. <BR> <SMALL><SMALL> </SMALL></SMALL> He is an independent researcher into lost and suppressed human history <BR> <SMALL><SMALL> </SMALL></SMALL> and culture. He is an archeocryptographer and an alpha-numerologist.</B></TD> </TR> </TABLE> </CENTER> <P> <P> <BIG>To contact Michael Lawrence Morton, please e-mail him at <A HREF="mailto:milamo@aol.com">Milamo@aol.com</A>,</BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG> or phone him at 412-921-9116 in Pittsburgh, PA.</BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <IMG WIDTH="590" HEIGHT="14" SRC="twst_bar.gif"> <P ALIGN=Center> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><B><BIG>Introduction to Gematria And Code-Related Numbers</BIG></B></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><B>By Joseph E. Mason</B></BIG></FONT> <P> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="golddmd.gif">    <BIG>Some readers may be familiar with the Greek system of Gematria, or others, which have numbers such as 666, 777 and 888.  Carl Munck first encountered the word "Gematria" around 1986.  When he tried to find information about Gematria, he found that the word was not in the dictionary, and that the libraries and book stores had nothing about it.  Several years later he met a "genuine shaman of Gematria - code name HannaH," who virtually buried Carl with Gematrian materials.  </BIG> <P> <BIG>The Gematria explained by HannaH's material is not the same system used by the Ancient Greeks, or other familiar systems. The Gematrian numbers all are divisible by nine and add to nine or a multiple.  Carl noted that the basic numbers always end in 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8. </BIG> <P> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><B>A Forgotten or Repressed Science?</B></BIG></FONT> <P> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="golddmd.gif"><BIG>   Carl asked in his newsletter (Volume 3, Nr. 6, June 1994), "Is Gematria one of those fragmentary ancient sciences which the longer we probe, the less we understand?"  He went on to say, "Academia would just as soon be rid of it for that very reason.  Yet, we have an enormous body of evidence to indicate that the ancient Greeks, Egyptians, Persians, Babylonians and Romans were enormously involved with these very same numbers, many of which even found their way into their metrological systems thereby becoming units of weights and measures."  </BIG> <P> <BIG>Carl asked HannaH to write an introduction to Gematria for <I><B>The Code</B></I> newsletter - </BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <HR width=250> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><B>Gematria by HannaH</B></BIG></FONT> <P> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="golddmd.gif">  <BIG>   The 5th Century B.C. trading empire of the Eastern Mediterranean Phoenicians saw the appearance of a writing mode in which alphabetical letters served as numbers.  Even at this early date, however, its roots were lost in the mists of time.  From this base evolved the Hebraic and later <A HREF="http://www.cs.utk.edu/~mclennan/OM/BA/SNHIG.html">Greek</A> systems of Gematria.  Both had reached a high degree of development by the 3rd Century B.C.  </BIG> <P> <BIG>These alpha-numeric alphabets exhibited qualities and inter-relationships for which there is no logical intention.  Yet an entire symbolic teaching evolved around them which incorporated the principles of number, form, sound and astronomy.  Only number combinations and figures could be utilized to express this knowledge.  Today, we view numbers as merely an expression of quantity.  To the ancients, every number had its own character and identity; a place in an arithmetic chain that leads from one dimension of understanding to another.  </BIG> <P> <BIG>This extraordinary system of arithmetic, or concealed geometry, form the link between the languages of literature and mathematics.  With this knowledge, ancient literature, metrology and Sacred Geometry can be viewed with new eyes.  With numbers, alphabetical cryptography becomes the law.  Biblical numbers and structure dimensions become alphabetical statements. The WORD (number) becomes FLESH (dimensional) for numbers are words. </BIG> <P> <BIG>(Example:  3168 = Lord Jesus Christ - - Kupios Inoors Xpioros)</BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>HannaH - 1992</BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <HR width=250> <P ALIGN=Center> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><B><BIG>Carl Munck Finds Gematrian Numbers Related to The Code</BIG></B></FONT> <P ALIGN=Left> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="golddmd.gif">   <BIG>Among the material HannaH sent to Carl was some of the papers of the late Louis K. Bell, one of the foremost ancient metrologists of modern times.  Carl found that some of the numbers were the same as the ones he had found in the Pyramid Codex.  Carl gave examples in his newsletter - </BIG> <BLOCKQUOTE> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="aquadmd.gif">  <BIG>In ancient Babylonia, a long unit of measure called the "Kasbu" was well known.  It was 129600 "Susi" in length.  129600 is the square of 360, and in the global matrix, the same figure which was used to encode the West Giza Longitude of the Shark Mound on North Bimini Island. </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="aquadmd.gif">  <BIG>Also in Babylonian metrology was the "Maneh," a unit for measuring volume.  It was equivalent to 7776 cubic inches by modern reckoning, but to them, 21600 "Um."  21600 is the grid latitude of Stonehenge!  Is this only coincidence?  After all, at the time Babylonia was great, Stonehenge hadn't yet been built - at least where our dating of the site is concerned, a date which could be WAY off the mark.  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left <IMG SRC="aquadmd.gif" WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11">  <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="aquadmd.gif">  <BIG>A long unit of measure used by the ancient Egyptians was the "Schoenus," a unit of 216000 modern inches.  The same figure finds the longitude of the Octagon at Newark, Ohio. Did they know that?  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="aquadmd.gif">  <BIG>The Roman "Load" was 3000 Libra; 2160 pounds today.  2160, the grid latitude of Newark's Observatory Circle.  More coincidence?  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="aquadmd.gif">  <BIG>The earliest recorded bushel was equal to 2160 cubic inches.  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="aquadmd.gif">  <BIG>Over time, the ancient Egyptians employed several "cubits" in their body of metrology.  Among them was the so-called "Royal cubit" - 20.67 modern English inches.  20.67; the actual longitude of the Mycerinus Pyramid to the West of the Great Pyramid.  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="aquadmd.gif">  <BIG>In ancient Persia, a "talent" of gold was equal to 388800 grains.  388800 is what happens - <B><I>exactly</I></B> what happens - when we multiply MY-2 (7.396853329) by 52,562.89164, the grid longitude of Stonehenge.  Who told them about that?  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>[Joe's note - 7.396853329 is a master Giza longitude. MY = Megalithic Yard] </BIG> </BLOCKQUOTE> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>Carl suspected that formal ancient metrology was rooted in the even more ancient pyramid codex. He went on to read into the subject, including the works of Charles Warren, and A. E. Berriman. Most of the authorities agreed that no one knew where ancient metrology came from - it was already in use when men first began writing.  "Obviously," Carl said, "it is incredibly ancient."  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><B>Carl's Breakthrough in Gematria  </B></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Left> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="golddmd.gif"><BIG>   Carl listed some of the Gematrian numbers with their "Alpha" or "Word" meanings in the newsletter - </BIG> <BLOCKQUOTE> <BIG>144    = Light </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>288   = Double light, the Kingdom of Heaven.  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>432   = Consecration (also the square root of the classical speed of light, 186624 miles per second).  Several Biblical references are also tied to it; Luke 8:15, Revelation 2:17, etc.  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>396    = Classical earth radius (3960 miles).  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>576    = Prophecy and Gospel.  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>864    = Time (2) the source of light and life, (3) Most Holy.  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>1152  = Witness (576 x 2).  Biblical references include Luke 14:26, Revelation 3:12, 12:11 and 19:9.  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>1296  = Circle of space (360 x 60 x 60).  1296 was also Plato's favorite number.  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>1548  = Priest of God.  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>1728  = A-flat in music.  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>2304  = False Christs and False prophets (1 Cor. 14:22, Mark 13:12).  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>3168  = Lord Jesus Christ.  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>3888  = New Jerusalem (Rev. 21:2, 1 Cor. 12:27, Luke 8:21, etc.).  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>5184  = Victory over the beast (Rev. 15:2).  </BIG> </BLOCKQUOTE> <P> <BIG></BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>Carl explained that although this is quite confusing to the layman, even when the Biblical references are consulted, "the shamen of these sacred numbers are convinced that certain passages in Holy Scripture actually represent a codex in their own right, wherein certain communications from ancient men of wisdom were very carefully <I><B>positioned</B></I> in the Bible in order to secretly transmit vital information across time itself - not unlike what we are seeing in the pyramid codex."  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>Carl listed some units of weights used by the ancient Romans, marking the Gematrian numbers with an asterisk (</BIG><FONT COLOR="#ff0000">*</FONT><BIG>):  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <CENTER> <TABLE BORDER=6 BORDER CELLPADDING="2" BGCOLOR="#FFF0E0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#996600" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#CC9966"> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Left> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000">*</FONT><BIG>432 grains   = 1 Uncia</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>3024 grains  = 7 Septunx</BIG></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>648 grains     = 1.5 Sescuncia </BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>3456 grains  = 8 Bessis </BIG></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Left> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000">*</FONT><BIG>864 grains     = 2 Sextans </BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Left> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000">*</FONT><BIG>3888 grains = 9 Dodrans </BIG></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Left> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000">*</FONT><BIG>1296 grains = 3 Quadrans </BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>4320 grains   = 10 Dextans </BIG></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Left> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000">*</FONT><BIG>1728 grains = 4 Triens </BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>4752 grains   = 11 Deunx </BIG></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>2160 grains   = 5 Quintux </BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Left> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000">*</FONT><BIG>5184 grains = 12 Libra </BIG></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>2592 grains   = 6 Semis </BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Left> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> </CENTER> <P ALIGN=Left> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>Another Roman system of weights was also listed:  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <CENTER> <TABLE BORDER=6 BGCOLOR="#FFF0E0" BORDER CELLPADDING="2" BORDERCOLORDARK="#996600" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#CC9966"> <TR> <TD><BIG>36 grains     = 12 Semisextula </BIG></TD> <TD><BIG>216 grains    = 72 Semuncia </BIG></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><BIG>72 grains     = 24 Sextula </BIG></TD> <TD><FONT COLOR="#ff0000">*</FONT><BIG>432 grains   = 144 Unica</BIG><FONT COLOR="#ff0000">*</FONT><BIG> </BIG></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><BIG>108 grains   = 36 Sicilicus </BIG></TD> <TD><FONT COLOR="#ff0000">*</FONT><BIG>5184 grains = 1728 Libra</BIG><FONT COLOR="#ff0000">*</FONT><BIG> </BIG></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><FONT COLOR="#ff0000">*</FONT><BIG>144 grains = 48 Duella </BIG></TD> <TD><FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> </CENTER> <P> <P> <BIG>Surprisingly, many of the Roman numbers are the same as those used in the Gematrian system. Since metrology came before written records, and was likely handed down to the Romans, the number system came LONG before the Bible.  </BIG> <P> <BIG>Even more amazing is the fact that the same system of numbers was used by the ancient Mayans in the West in their very precise time-keeping!  The Mayans used a 20-day month in their calendar. Carl showed the arrangement in the newsletter, again marking the Gematrian numbers with an asterisk (</BIG><FONT COLOR="#ff0000">*</FONT><BIG>):  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <CENTER> <TABLE BORDER=6 BGCOLOR="#FFF0E0" BORDER CELLPADDING="2" BORDERCOLORDARK="#996600" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#CC9966"> <TR> <TD><BIG>20 days     = 18 kin </BIG></TD> <TD><FONT COLOR="#ff0000">*</FONT><BIG>288   days = 20 bactun </BIG></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><BIG>36 days     = 20 uinals </BIG></TD> <TD><FONT COLOR="#ff0000">*</FONT><BIG>576 days   = 20 pictun </BIG></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><BIG>72 days     = 20 tuns </BIG></TD> <TD><FONT COLOR="#ff0000">*</FONT><BIG>1152 days = 20 calabtun </BIG></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><FONT COLOR="#ff0000">*</FONT><BIG>144 days = 20 katun </BIG></TD> <TD><FONT COLOR="#ff0000">*</FONT><BIG>2304 days = 20 kinchilton </BIG></TD> </TR> </TABLE> </CENTER> <P> <P> <BIG>(Joe's note:  See "corrections" below this section)</BIG> <P> <BIG>The Mayans also broke down their hours into specific groups of minutes:  </BIG> <P> <CENTER> <TABLE BORDER=6 BGCOLOR="#FFF0E0" BORDER CELLPADDING="2" BORDERCOLORDARK="#996600" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#CC9966"> <TR> <TD><BIG>24 hours      = 144 minutes</BIG><FONT COLOR="#ff0000">*</FONT><BIG> </BIG></TD> <TD><BIG>6912 hours  = 41472 minutes </BIG></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><BIG>48 hours      = 288 minutes</BIG><FONT COLOR="#ff0000">*</FONT><BIG> </BIG></TD> <TD><BIG>13824 hours = 82944 minutes </BIG></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><FONT COLOR="#ff0000">*</FONT><BIG>864 hours  = 5184 minutes</BIG><FONT COLOR="#ff0000">*</FONT><BIG> </BIG></TD> <TD><BIG>27648 hours = 165888 minutes </BIG></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><FONT COLOR="#ff0000">*</FONT><BIG>1728 hours = 10368 minutes </BIG></TD> <TD><BIG>55296 hours = 331776 minutes </BIG></TD> </TR> </TABLE> </CENTER> <P ALIGN=Center> _____________________ <P ALIGN=Center> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><B>Special Note by Joe Mason</B></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <P> <BIG>Some give other figures for the various Mayan time periods, but the numbers are also Gematrian or Gematrian-related.  I do not know the source of Carl's listing above. </BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> _____________________ <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><B>Update - November 29, 1998</B></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>Two days ago, Michael sent the "correct" Mayan time periods and how the numbers 'work properly with' the Gematrian numbers.  He suggested that I replace the old ones with the corrected version. For the time being, I want to leave the old ones, because they are from Carl's newsletter, which is being reviewed in the above writing. The following is Michael's "correction," as he understands it at this point.  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> _____________________ <P ALIGN=Center> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><B>Michael's "Correction" to the Mayan Calendar Numbers, <BR> Illustrating the Gematrian Number Relationship</B></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <P ALIGN=Left>  <BIG>1 KIN = 1 Day or 24 hours = 144 "Mayan Minutes"</BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>20 KIN = 1 UINAL = 1 Haab Calendar Month of 20 Days = 2880 "Mayan Minutes"</BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>18 UINAL = 1 TUN = 1 Haab Calendar Year of 360 Days = 51840 "Mayan Minutes"</BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG> On The Tzolkin Calendar, the cycle is 260 KIN (days), composed of 20 'wavespells' (see <A HREF="http://www.earthascending.com/core/core.htm">Jose Arguelles, et al</A>) of 13 KIN (days) each. So; there are 13 'tones of creation' . . . 13 KIN . . . in each of the 20 'wavespells'. Each 'wavespell' is represented by a Mayan Glyph symbol.</BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG> A half-day, or one-half KIN, is 12 hours. We could think of this as "daytime" and "nighttime". Then, each 'daytime' and each 'nighttime' can be split into two 6-hour intervals. Each 6-hour interval is equal to 36 "Mayan Minutes", which gives us a basic "gematrian" unit of 36 "Mayan Minutes". As Carl P. Munck shows in his work, these 'intervals of 36' can be plotted as two separate sine waves according to the two common tangents (plus and minus) of gematrian numbers. </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>Here is a table of some Mayan Calendar units and their equivalent numbers of gematrian "Mayan Minutes" :</BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <CENTER> <TABLE BORDER="6" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#CC9966" BORDERCOLORDARK="#996600" BGCOLOR="#FFF0E0"> <TR> <TD><BIG><BIG> </BIG>Kins </BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ffff80">.</FONT></TD> <TD> <BIG>Days  </BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ffff80">.</FONT></TD> <TD> <BIG>Hours </BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ffff80">.</FONT></TD> <TD><BIG> "Mayan Minutes" </BIG></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>1/4</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>=</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>1/4</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG> = </BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>6</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center>  <BIG>=</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>36</BIG></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>1/2</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>=</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>1/2</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> = </BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>12</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> = </BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>72</BIG></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>1</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>=</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>1</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> = </BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>24</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> = </BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>144</BIG></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>2</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>=</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>2</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> = </BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>48</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> = </BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>288</BIG></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>3</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>=</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>3</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> = </BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>72</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> = </BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>432</BIG></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>3.5</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>=</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>3.5</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> = </BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>84</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> = </BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>504</BIG></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>4</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG> =</BIG>  </TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>4</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> = </BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>96</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> = </BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>576</BIG></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>5</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG>  </TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>5</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>120</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>720</BIG></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>6</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG>  </TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>6</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>144 </BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>864</BIG></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>7</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG>  </TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>7</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>168</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>1008</BIG></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>8</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG>  </TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>8</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>192</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>1152</BIG></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>9</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>9</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>216</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>1296</BIG></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>10</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>10</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>240</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>1440</BIG></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>11</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>11</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>264</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>1584</BIG></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>12</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>12</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>288</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>1728</BIG></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>13</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>13</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>312</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>1872</BIG></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>14</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>14</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>336</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>2016</BIG></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>15</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>15</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>360</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>2160</BIG></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>16</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>16</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>384</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>2304</BIG></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>17</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>17</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>408</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>2448</BIG></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>18</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>18</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>432</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>2592</BIG></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>19</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>19</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>456</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>2736</BIG></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>20</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>20</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>480</BIG></TD> <TD><BIG> =</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>2880</BIG></TD> </TR> </TABLE> </CENTER> <P ALIGN=Center> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>20 KIN = 1 UINAL = 1 Haab Calendar Month of 20 Days] </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>Michael L. Morton<BR> (c) 1998 </BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> _____________________ <P ALIGN=Center> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><B>Continuing with Carl's Breakthrough in Gematria </B></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <P> <BIG>Since these number systems were in place long before the arrival of Columbus in the West, the mystery thickens.  Carl suggests that the ancient people held the numbers to be of vital importance, and thus placed them in their metrology and calendars in order to preserve them in the best way they could.  The numbers were there, before the beginning of writing.  The people who recorded the numbers via their special systems, probably did not know what the numbers really meant.  </BIG> <P> <BIG>Carl checked the tangents of the numbers, and realized there were just four, and only two if the plus/minus signs are ignored.  He organized the numbers by their Tangents, and noted which number systems used them:</BIG>   <P ALIGN=Center>   Common Tangent of + 0.726542528       Common Tangent of - 0.726542528 <CENTER> <TABLE BORDER=6 BGCOLOR="#FFF0E0" BORDER CELLPADDING="0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#996600" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#CC9966"> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Left> Number</TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> Gematria<BIG> </BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <SMALL> </SMALL>Mayan</TD> <TD> Roman</TD> <TD><FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">__</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> Number<BIG> </BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> Gematria</TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center>  Mayan</TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center>  Roman</TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>36</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>144</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>216</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>864</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>396</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>2304</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>576</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>3024</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>1296</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>5184</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>3456</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>13824</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>20736</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>82944</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>55296</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>331776</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#e4e0e9">_</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> </CENTER> <P> <P ALIGN=Center> Common Tangent of + 3.077683537     Common Tangent of - 3.077683537 <CENTER> <TABLE BORDER=6 BGCOLOR="#FFF0E0" BORDER CELLPADDING="2" BORDERCOLORDARK="#996600" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#CC9966"> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Left> Number</TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> Gematria</TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> Mayan</TD> <TD>Roman</TD> <TD><FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> Number</TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> Gematria</TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> Mayan</TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> Roman</TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>72</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>108</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>252</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD><FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>288</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>432</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>648</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>1152</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>1548</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>2592</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>1728</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>4752</BIG></TD> <TD><FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>3168</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD><FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>6912</BIG></TD> <TD><FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD><FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>3888</BIG></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>41472</BIG></TD> <TD><FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD><FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>10368</BIG></TD> <TD><FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD><FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ffff80">.</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ffff80">.</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ffff80">.</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ffff80">.</FONT></TD> <TD></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>27648</BIG></TD> <TD><FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD><FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ffff80">.</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ffff80">.</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ffff80">.</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ffff80">.</FONT></TD> <TD></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>165888</BIG></TD> <TD><FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>*</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT></TD> <TD><FONT COLOR="#FFF0E0">_</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> </CENTER> <P ALIGN=Center> <IMG WIDTH="590" HEIGHT="14" SRC="twst_bar.gif"> <P ALIGN=Center> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><B>Sine Waves </B></BIG></FONT> <P> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="golddmd.gif"><BIG>   Carl figured a certain <I><B>logic was demanded</B></I> by these numbers, so he arranged them into two separate scales, organizing them by their tangents, and marking the numbers that came from the ancient systems with asterisks (<FONT COLOR="#ff0000">*</FONT>), and filling in the "blanks," with appropriate numbers, something like this:  </BIG> <P> __________________________________________________________________ <P> <BIG>+ 3.077683537     72<FONT COLOR="#ff0000">*</FONT>          252<FONT COLOR="#ff0000">*</FONT>        432<FONT COLOR="#ff0000">*</FONT>          612          792</BIG> <P> <BIG>- 3.077683537          108<FONT COLOR="#ff0000">*</FONT>           288<FONT COLOR="#ff0000">*</FONT>          468           648<FONT COLOR="#ff0000">*</FONT>     <BIG>     </BIG>828</BIG> <P> __________________________________________________________________ <P> __________________________________________________________________ <P> <BIG>+ 0.726542528     36<FONT COLOR="#ff0000">*</FONT>          216<FONT COLOR="#ff0000">*</FONT>          396<FONT COLOR="#ff0000">*</FONT>        576<FONT COLOR="#ff0000">*</FONT>          756<FONT COLOR="#ff0000">*</FONT></BIG> <P> <BIG>- 0.726542528         144<FONT COLOR="#ff0000">*</FONT>           324          504           684     <BIG>     </BIG>864<FONT COLOR="#ff0000">*</FONT></BIG> <P> __________________________________________________________________ <P> <P> <BIG>In the newsletter, Carl had a longer list of these numbers in vertical columns.  He also drew in <B><I>sine waves </I></B>connecting the numbers, which seemed to be suggested by their logic.  He noted the consistent differences between the various numbers in the top two rows of 36 and 144, such as 108 - 72 = 36 and  252 - 108 = 144.  The differences between the bottom rows are 108 and 72, such as  144 - 36 = 108; and 216 - 144 = 72.  </BIG> <P> <BIG>The suggestion of sine waves, Carl said, is <B><I>very, very</I></B> obvious.  Did the ancients know about sine waves?  Did they have oscilloscopes?  Were they suggesting a certain <B><I>frequency</I></B>?    </BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <IMG WIDTH="590" HEIGHT="14" SRC="twst_bar.gif"> <P ALIGN=Center> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><B>A Frequency of Light</B></BIG></FONT> <P> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="golddmd.gif"><BIG>   Carl was shocked when he multiplied the two Gematrian tangents:  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>3.077683537 x 0.726542528 = 2.236067977  </BIG> <P> <BIG>He knew that 2.236067977 is <B><I>THE SQUARE ROOT OF FIVE</I></B>!!!</BIG> <P> <BIG><B><I>That's</I></B> the pyramid codex talking!", Carl says.  </BIG> <P> <BIG>He asks, "Why does the square root of five answer the sine waves of the Sacred Numbers?  What was the reasoning behind it?"  </BIG> <P> <BIG>"Because the square root of five is <B><I>ITSELF</I></B> a Tangent; the Tangent of 186234.09485."    </BIG> <P> <BIG>Which is the <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><B><I>SPEED OF LIGHT IN AIR</I></B></FONT><B><I>!!!  </I></B></BIG> <P> <BIG>Carl points out that the speed of light in a vacuum is 186282.5894 miles per second, but when light travels through<BIG><BIG> </BIG></BIG>air, it is slowed down to 186234.09485 miles per second.  Enter this speed-of-light-in-air number into your calculator, and then press the tangent key, to see that it is very close to the number arrived at by multiplying the two Gematrian tangents.  My computer calculator gives these figures:  </BIG> <P> <BIG>Tangent of 36 = 0.7265425280054<BR> Tangent of 108 = -3.077683537175<BR> 0.7265425280054 x -3.077683537175 = -2.2360679775<BR> Tangent of 186234.09485</BIG> <BIG>= -2.236067197552<BR> The difference is:  -2.2360679775 - -2.236067197552 = 0.0000007799473440429</BIG> <P> <P> <BIG>Carl concludes - </BIG> <P> <BIG>"And there we have it, the reasoning behind the Sacred Numbers of Gematria, the same ones preserved in eastern metrology and western calendrical computing; square roots and tangents - all keyed to the terrestrial speed of light - AND DELIVERED THROUGH THE PYRAMID CODEX IN NEARLY THE <B><I>EXACT METHODOLOGY THEY USED IN KEYING THE EARTH'S EQUATORIAL CIRCUMFERENCE TO THE CUBE ROOT OF DOUBLE-PI </I></B>when they built the Great Pyramid at Giza."  </BIG> <P> <BIG>"No communications across ancient oceans?  No prehistoric writing that makes any sense? Ignorant stone age progenitors?  I'm afraid I'm not buying anymore, not when I can so easily find this kind of mathematical evidence to the contrary."  </BIG> <P> <BIG>"Someone back there had it all; maps of enviable accuracy, a complete knowledge of every inch of our planet, a thorough understanding of mathematics and, yes, even calculators and computers we take for granted today - because without such tools, they could never have put it all together.  Why do I say that?  Because the U.S. Geological Survey advises me that they have the only computer in the United States which is programmed to calculate accurate distances between widely separated points anywhere on the planet - which means - that before the ancients could have marked out the pyramid grid system, they required a computer of the <B><I>same</I></B> caliber!!"  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <IMG WIDTH="590" HEIGHT="14" SRC="twst_bar.gif"> <P ALIGN=Center> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><B>An Example Calculation</B></BIG></FONT> <P> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="golddmd.gif"><BIG>   In order to make this more clear, I'll give an example calculation (follow along with your scientific calculator, if you wish).  This follows Carl's writings above concerning  - </BIG> <BLOCKQUOTE> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="aquadmd.gif">  <BIG>Enter the number 36 into your calculator and press the tangent key.  The result should be 0.726542528</BIG> <P> <BR> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="aquadmd.gif">  <BIG>Press the "Memory Store" key to store this number.</BIG> <P> <BR> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="aquadmd.gif">  <BIG>Enter the number 72 into your calculator and press the tangent key.  The result should be 3.077683537</BIG> <P> <BR> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="aquadmd.gif">  <BIG>Press the "x" (multiply) key, then press the Memory Restore key, then the "=" (Equals) key.  The result should be 2.236067978 (the result of 0.726542528 x 3.077683537).  </BIG> <P> <BR> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="aquadmd.gif">  <BIG>Now, press the "C" (Clear) key, then enter the number 5.  </BIG> <P> <BR> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="aquadmd.gif">  <BIG>Press the Square Root key, to display the square root of five, which should be 2.236067978, the same number you arrived at by multiplying the tangents of 36 and 72.  </BIG> </BLOCKQUOTE> <P> <P> <BIG>Again, there are only four tangents, and just two tangents when the plus (+) and minus (-) signs are ignored.  Since it is unlikely that the ancients had modern calculators or computers, Carl wondered just how they were able to consistently use numbers that had only the two tangents.  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <IMG WIDTH="590" HEIGHT="14" SRC="twst_bar.gif"> <P ALIGN=Center> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><B><BIG>Joe Mason's Gematria System</BIG></B></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Left> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="golddmd.gif">  <BIG>   Reading Carl's work was staggering to me - it felt like my head was reeling!  I'm sure this would have been the case even if I had not experienced all the "coincidences" about such numbers . . . but read on, to grasp how all this fit in with my own findings.  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>I'll give a few examples.  In September 1991, I read John Michell's article in <I><B>The Cerealogist</B></I>, #4, about the great triangular <A HREF="http://www.greatdreams.com/crop/crop-circle-06.jpg">crop formation that appeared near Barbury Castle</A>.  A <FONT COLOR="#804000"><A HREF="http://www.greatdreams.com/numbers/music/bbccbg.gif">diagram with dimensions</A></FONT> was illustrated.  John pointed out that the sum of all the four circular areas in the formation was 31680 square feet.  He went on -  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>"The significance of this number, in arithmetic, cosmology, ancient theology and temple architecture was first explored in <I><B>City of Revelation</B></I> (1972) and is summed up in a section of <I><B>The Dimensions of Paradise</B></I> (Thames & Hudson, 1988).  In traditional cosmology, 31680 miles was taken to be the measure around the sub-lunary world, and the early Christian scholars calculated the number 3168 as emblematic of Lord Jesus Christ.  The same number was previously applied to the name of a leading principle in the pagan religion."  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>I tried some calculations in an attempt to figure out "31680."  I tried assigning the number 8 to the North sun symbol, and 9 to the moon symbol at the southwest corner of the triangle, and multiplied to get 72, which are the number of Divine Names used as codes in Creation according to Dr. J. J. Hurtak, author of <I><B><A HREF="http://www.affs.org/">The Book of Knowledge, The Keys of Enoch</A></B></I>.  To arrive at the number 31680, I needed to assign the number 440 to the ratchet (Mercury) spiral glyph on the southeast corner of the crop formation (8 x 9 = 72 x 440 = 31680).  It struck me that 440 yards is a quarter mile, so I tried dividing 31680 by 5280, feet in a mile, to find it was exactly 6 miles.  At the time, I wondered how ancient people could use one of our "modern" measurement numbers. Little did I know!  Interestingly, a relative informed me later that <FONT COLOR="#804000"><A HREF="http://www.greatdreams.com/numbers/music/joemusic.htm">440 is the cycles per second of the musical note of "A."</A></FONT>  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>Back around 1992, a strange thing happened.  One night at work the numbers 72 and 360 kept coming into my mind over and over.  I knew about the 72 Divine Names, and I had read that 360 was called a "Prophetic Year," by certain proponents of the Bible.  It is part of an interpretation concerning the dream of Nebuchadnezzar in the Book of Daniel.  He dreamed that a great tree was cut and banded, which caused a period of insanity for seven years.  This is calculated as Prophetic Years, giving 7 x 360 = 2520 years.  From the fall of the Temple at Jerusalem, this is said to give the year 1914 as the beginning of the Apocalypse (The year 1914 seems to be off a bit).  I finally stopped and multiplied the numbers coming into my head.  72 x 360 = 25920.  I was startled, because I knew this was the number of years of the <A HREF="http://www.shaka.com/~johnboy/Preces.htg/precession.htm">precession</A>, caused by the "wobble" of the earth's axis, giving us our 12 Zodiac Ages of 2160 years each.  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>I had read about the precession number in Joseph Campbell's, <I><B>The Inner Reaches of Outer Space</B></I> back in 1990.  It was mentioned that when the precession number is divided by the ancient number 60, called "Soss," the result is <A HREF="http://www.greatdreams.com/432.htm">432, which is a cycle of time number</A> (Consecration in Gematrian). Apparently the <A HREF="http://www.world-mysteries.com/Walter_Cruttenden_1.htm">ancients knew</A> about the precession long ago.  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>In 1992 and 1993, I had some strange dream-coincidences which eventually became centered on <A HREF="http://www.greatdreams.com/1111.htm">Revelation 11:11</A>.  The verse includes the words, "three and a half days."  At one point, I re-read some dreams I had received, and two of them made a connection.  In one of them a voice said, "The children were born in the sign of 42."  In the other dream, I saw "Trinity 11:2."  I looked up Revelation 11:2, and found that it speaks of the holy city being trampled over for 42 months.  I then realized 42 months is is 3 1/2 years, perhaps connecting with the 3 1/2 days in Rev. 11:11.  I then read the next verse, Rev. 11:3, which speaks of 1260 days.  This was not quite 3 1/2 years, but dividing 1260 by 3.5 gives 360.  It's like 3 1/2 times around a circle, again matching the 3 1/2 in the other verses.  At the time, I did not know that the Hebrew calendar had 30-day months, but I now see that 1260 days is another way of indicating 3 1/2 years.  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>In Joseph Campbell's book, he gave the number of years from Adam's creation to the time Noah's Ark landed on the mountain, as 1656.  The number of weeks in that period of years is 86400, it is figured.  A human heart, beating once a second, gives the same number, 86400, in one day (60 x 60 x 24).  Dividing the number in half gives 43200, strongly suggesting the ancient cycle of time number.  The number 108 is the number of names of the Mother Goddess in India, and figures in the time cycle number as 108 x 4 = 432.      </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>I had written about these subjects and others in my letter to Madelon, which she passed on to Carl. As you can see, many of the numbers are the same or similar to those in Carl's work.  I noticed that Carl had the number 1656 listed in his "sine wave" type illustration (I stopped short of it in my rendition above).  But it was apparently a "fill in the blank" type number, as it had no asterisk indicating that it was used by the ancients.  The number 1260 was not listed anywhere, yet it seemed to me that it should fit somehow. </BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <IMG WIDTH="590" HEIGHT="14" SRC="twst_bar.gif"> <P ALIGN=Center> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><B><BIG>Joe's Dream of the Gematrian Wheel </BIG></B></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Left> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="golddmd.gif">  <BIG>   Some months after learning of Carl's work, I had a dream of a circle divided into parts, and I knew it was about the Gematrian system. It came out to a 360 degree circle, or "Wheel," divided into 10 parts of 36 degrees each, giving the sequence - 36, 72, 108, 144, etc. Full revolutions produce the same numbers with factors of ten - 360, 720, 1080, 1440, etc. The pattern keeps repeating on a base-ten system, so, for example, 144,000 is 400 times around the "Wheel." Each section is divided into 6 parts, for a total of 60 marks. The top and bottom points of the "Wheel" have a zero tangent. The other eight points have the same four tangents listed by Carl, two if you do not consider plus and minus signs. </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <CENTER> <TABLE BORDER="6" CELLPADDING="2" bgcolor="#000000" bordercolordark="#996600" bordercolorlight="#CC9966"> <CAPTION> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><B>The Gematrian Wheel</B></BIG></FONT> </CAPTION> <TR> <TD><P ALIGN=Center> <IMG SRC="gemwhl2.gif" WIDTH="394" HEIGHT="281"></TD> </TR> </TABLE> </CENTER> <P> <P> <BIG>The Bythorn Mandala crop formation of 1993 had a ten petal lotus with a five-pointed star inside. It may hint at the Gematrian system by the ten petals, and the star, which has 36 degrees in each point, and 72 degrees between points. The design is very similar to a yantra to the Goddess, Kali (one of 108 aspects of Sakti) of the eastern religions. Two of the points of the star were facing toward the North. In esoteric traditions, such a star with two points (or horns) up, signify the Kali-Yuga time cycle, called the Age of Iron, which we are now in. This is said by some to be 432,000 years. </BIG> <P> <BIG>Interestingly, Daniel's interpretation of Nebuchadnezzar's dream of the frightening image, was that it represented the Ages, symbolized by the metals, gold, silver, bronze, and iron, followed by the iron and clay mix in the feet of the image. The Hindu chronology has the same four metals in the same order. </BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG>Twenty-Part ("666" Tangent) Wheel </BIG></FONT> <P> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="golddmd.gif">   <BIG>Some other significant numbers are located at "in-between" points on the "Gematrian Wheel." It could be considered a 20-part Wheel.  Each of these points are 18 degrees between the Gematrian numbers, such as 18, 54, 90, 126, 162, 198, and 234. Notice that 54, 126, and 234 all have the same tangent (again, ignoring plus/minus). Check this against the number 666, to see it has the same tangent. 666 is one of the '"in-between" points, being between 648 and 684 on the "Gematrian Wheel."  Notice too, that some of these numbers rearranged, and with various zeros, form regular Gematrian numbers.  For example, add a zero to 126 to get 1260, or insert a zero into 234 for 2304.  Notice also that the "in-between" numbers also add to nine or a multiple of nine, and are divisible by nine.  The numbers often show a repositioning, such as 432 and the reverse, 234 (an in-between point), and 324.  Such is the odd nature of Gematrian and Gematrian-related numbers.   </BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG>Six-Part Wheel </BIG></FONT> <P> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="golddmd.gif"><BIG>   Other related numbers can be put on a six-part wheel, of 60 degrees per segment, giving the sequence 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, etc. Various designs, such as the Star of David, fit with this "Wheel." Remember that Joseph Campbell pointed out that 60 was an important number called, "Soss," by the ancients, who used it in various calculations, as we do today with our time-keeping and coordinate system. </BIG> <P> <BIG>Remember too, that 31680 divided by 6 results in 5280, feet in a mile. Carl points out that these numbers were also used by the ancients, and the tangents are the square root of three (again, excluding the top and bottom marks). The number 88, which sometimes appears in dreams, may be something of a "connecting" number between the two "Wheels," as 88 x 60 = 5280 and 88 x 360 = 31680. </BIG> <P> <BIG>For my part of this article, I will speak of the various numbers in terms of the "Wheels," explained above.  If a number fits on the ten-part "Gematrian Wheel," meaning it is evenly divisible by 36,  I will term it a Gematrian number. But, keep in mind that this is just my personal convention. Others may not consider certain numbers, such as 1260, as being Gematrian.  If a number, such as 666, fits on the 20-Part Wheel, but not on the 10-Part Gematrian Wheel, I consider it Gematria-related, as being an "in-between point" on the Gematrian Wheel.   If an established convention existed, I would use it instead of my personal system, but such a convention is not available at this point.  </BIG> <P> <BIG>At a later time, I will present a possible 12-Part Wheel.    </BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <IMG WIDTH="590" HEIGHT="14" SRC="twst_bar.gif"> <P ALIGN=Center> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><B><BIG>Following Along - Checking for Gematrian Numbers </BIG></B></BIG></FONT> <P> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="golddmd.gif">  <BIG>   Keep in mind, as you read on, that when a number is listed that ends with an even number, and adds to nine or a multiple of nine, it may be a Gematrian number.  If it divides evenly by 36, then it is one of the Gematrian numbers in my system.   </BIG> <P> <BIG>You can also verify it by entering the number on your calculator, and checking to see that the tangent is equal to 0.726542528 or 3.077683537.  The tangents are both positive and negative numbers, but we will ignore that, for the most part, in our study of The Code.  </BIG> <P> <BIG>The above is true when the ending number is 2, 4, 6, or 8.  Some Gematrian numbers end in a zero, such as 1260.  Larger Gematrian numbers that end in zero, such as 1080, also have a zero tangent, but you can still check it by removing the final zero or zeros, and checking the tangent. For the number 1080, remove the zero and check the tangent of 108 to see it is  -3.077683537.    </BIG> <P> <BIG>Taking the Stonehenge latitude number, 21600, as another example - take off the ending zeros and check the tangent of 216, to see that it is 0.726542528.  Some Gematrian numbers have other special attributes to them, which we will point out on these pages.  An example is 216, which is 6 cubed, or 6 x 6 x 6.  As Michael mentioned, 2160 is the diameter in miles of the Moon, and 2160 is the number of years in one Zodiac Age.  Another example is 1296.  It is six to the fourth power (6 x 6 x 6 x 6).  Its base-ten harmonic, 12960, is the number of years in half the precession (25920 / 2).  As you see, the numbers are related.  The twelve Zodiac Ages of 2160 years each, total 25920 years, for one grand circuit of 360 degrees.  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <IMG WIDTH="590" HEIGHT="14" SRC="twst_bar.gif"> <P ALIGN=Center> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><BIG><B><BIG>A Few Theories</BIG></B></BIG></BIG></FONT> <P> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="golddmd.gif">  <BIG>   Finding such mysteries throughout the The Code/Gematria system leads one to suspect that it is not just an arbitrary system, but rather that it was fashioned by a very high intelligence in the far distant past.  No one knows the source, but there are a number of theories, such as the existence of a high culture like Atlantis in pre-history, or that extraterrestrials interacted with humans long ago and taught them the system.  Some believe the system to be simply Creation Numbers used by God or the gods.  If that seems farfetched, well . . . read on.  </BIG> <P> <BIG>The great accuracy of The Code holds true only with the latest satellite mapping coordinates. Carl says the plates of the earth have shifted a bit since some of the sites were built. Since, "The Code" shows accuracy within yards, the question is, "How did the ancients know how to do this." He thinks it is like a time-capsule, because it could have never been figured it out until now. Many years ago, the ancient sites were not located at the same coordinates where we find them today; so, whoever devised "The Code" <I><B>must have known where the sites would be located in the future</B></I>. </BIG> <P> <BIG>I have some evidence, which I will share later, that dreams impart some of the same numbers to people in their sleep.  So, my theory is that the numbers and other information came through dreams and/or visions in the past, and that is why there is consistency over time and distances. The ancients may have built the pyramids and other sites based on their dreams and visions, while perhaps not really understanding the overall system to any great extent.  </BIG> <P> <BIG>Another plausible theory that I favor is that a crop circle phenomena occurred in the distant past, and that the ancient peoples built the structures upon the crop formations. Crop circle researchers have pointed out that most of the crop circles in England appear near ancient sites, sometimes right next to them, such as the Spider Web formation near Avebury in 1994, the Julia Set formation next to Stonehenge in 1996, and Koch Snowflake near Silbury Hill in 1997.</BIG>   <P> <BIG>The researchers also say that the ancient sites are located at crossing points of <A HREF="http://www.geo.org/dowse1.htm">dowsable "ley lines,"</A> and that the crop formations also appear on these points. Experienced dowsers have found that earth-energy within various crop formations form geometric patterns, such as stars and cross-like shapes.  In one case, a pattern similar to The New Jerusalem Plan, based on the vision of Saint John in Revelation 21, was detected in a crop formation.  The same pattern has been "dowsed" within certain ancient sites, such as Stonehenge and Avebury.  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <IMG WIDTH="590" HEIGHT="14" SRC="twst_bar.gif"> <P ALIGN=Center> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><B><BIG><BIG>The Music Connection </BIG></BIG></B></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Left> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="golddmd.gif">  <BIG>James (Jimi) Furia has found musical connections to the ancient Gematrian/Code system.  Jimi reports:   </BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <B>_____________________________________</B> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>I had a powerful lucid dream that lead me to research alien life and sacred sites and especially an Earth Grid of sacred sites.  The dream also gave me the info on where to look and a strange set of music wheels, which later turned out to be a most important piece of the puzzle.</BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>I met a man named Richard Hoagland in Los Angeles and I showed him one of the music wheels. He in turn gave me the phone number of a man named Carl Munck!</BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>Well, the rest is history, or should I say ancient history.</BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>James</BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>June 30, 1998</BIG><BR> <B>_____________________________________</B> <P ALIGN=Center> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><BIG><BIG><B>The Special Number 153</B></BIG></BIG></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><B>By Joseph E. Mason</B></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <P ALIGN=Left> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="golddmd.gif">  <BIG>  Several years ago, I read a book about Greek Gematria called <I><B><A HREF="http://phanes.com/sungod.html">Jesus Christ, Sun of God</A></B></I>, by David Fideler.  He explains where the Biblical story about the <FONT COLOR="#804000"><A HREF="http://www.greatdreams.com/numbers/jerry/153.htm">153 fish in the net </A></FONT>(John 21) came from.  As a source, he refers to John Michell's <I><B>City of Revelation</B></I>.   The story was taken from prior Greek works, which demonstrated names and numbers which were crafted to reflect geometrical diagrams with cosmological significance.  The Greek words for "FISHES" and "THE NET" both equate in Greek Gematria to the number 1224, and 153 is 1/8 of this amount.  In the Biblical story, then, Simon and his other six fishermen correspond to a circle with <FONT COLOR="#804000"><A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flower_of_Life">six interlocking rings with a central circle inside</A></FONT>.  This also forms an <FONT COLOR="#000000">six-petal flower-like shape</FONT> inside the central circle, like "<FONT COLOR="#804000"><A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flower_of_Life">The Flower of Life</A></FONT>."  As the story continues, more geometric shapes are added, one of which is a grid of diamond shapes forming a larger diamond.  This is the "NET" in the story. A vertical measurement is 153 and the horizontal is 265.  This demonstrates a number very close to the square root of three by 265 / 153.  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>It was quite a synchronicity when I received a letter from Jimi with this information:  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <IMG WIDTH="590" HEIGHT="14" SRC="twst_bar.gif"> <P ALIGN=Left> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><BIG><BIG><B>153</B></BIG></BIG></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><BIG><BIG><B>Music, Stonehenge and The Great Pyramid</B></BIG></BIG><BR> <B>by James Furia</B></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Left> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="golddmd.gif"><BIG>   D# = 152.89924 cycles per second, the augmented 4th from its root "A." This interval was outlawed a few hundred years ago. Divide by pi = the radius of the inner circle of Stonehenge. Multiplied by pi = height of the Great Pyramid.           </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>Also, this note is extremely close to the number 153, an ancient Pythagorean story problem that we of "The Code" have solved. Found in The Bible, John Chap 21, Jesus returns from the dead and mentions this highly significant number to some of the apostles. What we discovered recently is that the entrance to the Great Pyramid is at the 17th course (level) </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10+11+12+13+14+15+16+17 = 153 </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>17 X 9 (total pyramids at the Giza complex) = 153 </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>204 (total courses of stone on the Great Pyramid) / 1.3333333(a 4th in music intervals) = 153 </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>360 feet up the Great Pyramid is the 153rd course </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>The length of the grand gallery inside the Great Pyramid is 153 feet </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>153 + 513 = 666           6 x 6 x 6 = 216(new standard) </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>315 + 351 = 666            2160 miles is the diameter of the moon </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>135 + 531 = 666            (not the devil but astronomy) </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>1 and 5 and 3 are the degrees in a scale used to make a chord </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>James Furia</BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> ______________________ <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#000000"><BIG><B>September 11, 2004 Update</B></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><A HREF="http://www.greatdreams.com/153.htm">The Number 153 - The Symbolism and Spiritual Significance</A></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><A HREF="http://www.greatdreams.com/constellations/17-fish.htm">17 Fish, the Bible and the Stars</A></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><A HREF="http://www.bibleonly.org/exp/24q.html">153 Fish in the Net - The Logos and Carmen Christi</A></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><A HREF="http://web.archive.org/web/20030818003129/http://www.jesus8880.com/chapters/john+21/jn21v1b.htm">John 21, 153 fish, Verses</A></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><A HREF="http://web.archive.org/web/20030818003129/http://www.jesus8880.com/chapters/john+21/jn21v1b.htm">153 Fish - 2448 units - John 21b</A></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><A HREF="http://www.crystalinks.com/omphalos.html">Omphalos - crystalinks.com</A></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><A HREF="http://www.crystalinks.com/omphalosarcs.html">Omphalos, Arcs & Archetypes, Tree Of Life</A></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><A HREF="http://www.kheraha.co.uk/power.html">Ancient Numbers & Geometry</A></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <IMG WIDTH="590" HEIGHT="14" SRC="twst_bar.gif"> <P ALIGN=Center> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><B><BIG>Joe's Extra Note Concerning 153</BIG></B></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <P ALIGN=Left> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="golddmd.gif"><BIG>   Notice that 153 and 1224 add to nine and are divisible by nine.  Also note that 306 (2 x 153) is an "in-between/666 tangent" number, and that 612 (4 x 153) is a regular Gematrian number (evenly divisible by 36), as is 1224.  Remember too, that 612 was one of Carl's "sine wave" numbers - not part of the ancient systems he had found, but a "fill-in" number to complete the order of the sine waves.  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <IMG WIDTH="590" HEIGHT="14" SRC="twst_bar.gif"> <P ALIGN=Center> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><BIG><B>Links to James Furia's Articles</B></BIG></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <P ALIGN=Left> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="golddmd.gif">   <BIG>The Laura Lee Radio Show site has some information about Jimi at: </BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><A HREF="http://www.lauralee.com/geomusic.htm"><BIG>James Furia at the Laura Lee Radio Site</BIG></A></FONT> <P> <BIG>Jimi created his own web site at: </BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><A HREF="http://www.myspace.com/jamesfuria"><BIG>James Furia Geomusic Site</BIG></A></FONT> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>Jimi's music theory involves 432 tuning. Our "Code" friend, <FONT COLOR="#804000"><A HREF="http://www.earthmatrix.com/">Charles Johnson</A></FONT>, now has an article about the subject at:  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG><A HREF="http://www.earthmatrix.com/piano/octave.htm">The Octave: Tuning at A432 or F432 </A></BIG> <BR> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG>(and James Furia's Keyboard)</BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <IMG WIDTH="590" HEIGHT="14" SRC="twst_bar.gif"> <P ALIGN=Center> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><B><BIG>The Crop Circle Connection</BIG></B></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG>By Joseph E. Mason</BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <P> <IMG WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="11" SRC="golddmd.gif">  <BIG>   In 1997 an <FONT COLOR="#804000"><A HREF="http://www.greatdreams.com/gem7.htm">article</A></FONT> appeared in a crop circle journal, written by two German researchers. By measuring and analyzing the various distances of the crop circle formations, they discovered that ancient numbers were revealed. They did not use the term "Gematrian," but the numbers are basically the same.  </BIG> <P> <BIG>Other crop circle researchers have noted the significance of the <FONT COLOR="#804000"><A HREF="http://www.halexandria.org/dward091.htm">number nine</A></FONT> in the crop formations.  Nine and multiples of nine show up in dimensions, angles and distances between crop formations and various sites.  </BIG> <P> <BIG>Carl Munck has written a few articles about the crop circles and possible Code connections.  </BIG> <P> <BIG>I have found a number of connections, other than the ones noted in the above article.  A notable connection was the <FONT COLOR="#804000"><A HREF="http://www.lucypringle.co.uk/photos/1996/uk1996ak.shtml">Double-Helix/DNA Formation of 1996</A></FONT>, which was 648 feet in length.  </BIG> <P> <BIG>For a number of years the Mayan Daykeeper, Hunbatz Men, has been speaking about great earth changes coming.  He said the prophecies indicate that the changes involve a "DNA repair."  He has been involved in "activating" the ancient sites, as part of this process.  </BIG> <P> <BIG>While searching the internet for information about various the subjects in these articles, I found a page that speaks of  <FONT COLOR="#804000"><A HREF="http://spiritnetwork.com/insights/cropmay.html">Crop Circles and Mayan Time</A></FONT>.  </BIG> <P> <BIG>In 1997 a "Grid" crop formation appeared, which may be related to the Mayan system. An article was written about it called, <A HREF="http://www.greatdreams.com/strng.htm">The Strange Attractor Crop Formation and the End of Time</A>.</BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>We will be presenting all this information on these pages in the weeks and months ahead.  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> _________________________________ <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>Update: Our first article about the crop circle connections is now included in this series, as Part Seven (see Index below). </BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <IMG WIDTH="590" HEIGHT="14" SRC="twst_bar.gif"> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><BIG><B>Code Update</B></BIG></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>We began a communication with Gary Val Tenuta in August 1998. Gary is learning about The Code and the Gematria number system, but he has extensive experience in working with numbers and codes. Some of his work involves our own English alphabet, which also seems to have a code within it. </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>We find Gary's input of great interest. There are a number of similarities to ancient Gematria, such as the number nine "revealing itself."  Gary has a fine web site at:  </BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG><A HREF="http://www.secretofnine.com/">Synchronicity City</A></BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>My partner, Dee Finney, has been involved in our discussion and research of numbers since 1997. She has been quite helpful in presenting these pages in various ways. </BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>Joseph E. Mason<BR> September 8, 1998</BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <IMG WIDTH="590" HEIGHT="14" SRC="twst_bar.gif"> <P ALIGN=Center> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><BIG><B>The Great Pyramid and 432 - <BR> Confirmation from <I>The Message of the Sphinx</I></B></BIG></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Left> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>I recently found a confirmation of "The Code," in <I><B>The Message of the Sphinx</B></I>, by Graham Hancock and Robert Bauval (pages 37, 38): </BIG> <BLOCKQUOTE> <BIG>"Also 'almost impossible', since the mathematical value of <I><B>pi</B></I> (3.14) is not supposed to have been calculated by any civilization until the Greeks stumbled upon it in the third century BC, is the fact the designed height of the Great Pyramid - 481.3949 feet - bears the same relationship to its base perimeter (3023.16 feet) as does the circumference of any circle to its radius.  </BIG> </BLOCKQUOTE> <BLOCKQUOTE> <BIG>Equally 'impossible' - at any rate for a people like the ancient Egyptians who are supposed to have known nothing about the true shape and size of our planet - is the relationship, in a scale of 1 : 43,200, that exists between the dimensions of the Pyramid and the dimensions of the earth.  Setting aside for the moment the question of whether we are dealing with coincidence here, it is a simple fact, verifiable on any pocket calculator, that if you take the monument's original height (481.3949 feet) and multiply it by 43,200 you get a quotient of 3938.685 miles. This is an underestimate by just 11 miles of the true figure for the polar radius of the earth (3949 miles) worked out by the best modern methods.  Likewise, if you take the monument's perimeter at the base (3023.16 feet) and multiply this figure by 43,200 then you get 24,734.94 miles - a result that is within 170 miles of the true equatorial circumference of the earth (24,902 miles).  Moreover, although 170 miles sounds quite a lot, it amounts, in relation to the earth's total circumference, to a minus-error of only three quarters of a single per cent."  </BIG> </BLOCKQUOTE> <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>Joseph E. Mason<BR> August 15, 1998</BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> _________ <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><B>August 14, 2004 Update</B></BIG></FONT><BR> with minor updates April 23, 2005 <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>This is the first update of this page since July 2, 2001. Many things have changed over these three years. Our original group of "Code" broke up, in that we seldom exchange information as we did in the past. There is still some communication, and various other interested individuals have shared information about number systems and related matters. </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>Jerry Iuliano contributes advanced scientific relations to the ancient numbers: </BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><B><A HREF="http://www.greatdreams.com/numbers/jerry/jindex.htm">Jerry Iuliano Index</A></B></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>Robert Grace kept extensive archives of e-mail exchanges and other material: </BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><A HREF="http://www.greatdreams.com/grace/">Impossible Correspondence</A></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>William Downie has shared his findings: </BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><A HREF="http:/www.thenewbiblecode.co.uk/">The New Bible Code - <BR> The Second Coming of Jesus Christ</A></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>William (Bill) has found that there is a code within the New Testament wherein letters of the English language are designed to be read as numbers. He also demonstrates how various numbers are associated with certain geometric shapes, such as triangles and snowflake fractal designs. </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>Norma Smith has been inspired to develop an extensive theory of the alpahnumerics of the English Language: </BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><A HREF="http://universalharmonics.homestead.com/files/index.htm">Universal Harmonics and Universal Harmonics Analysis</A></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <IMG WIDTH="590" HEIGHT="14" SRC="twst_bar.gif"> <P ALIGN=Center> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><B>December 7, 2008 Update</B></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>Minor changes to the text of this article were made. All links were checked and dead links were deleted. Extra hyperlinks were added. </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>A controversy started years ago that relates to these pages -- specifically the articles by Michael Morton. I learned second-hand that Carl Munck was critical of Michael's coding methods. I gathered that Michael was skipping one of the first steps most of the time. That step involves developing a set of numbers based on the geometry of the specific ancient site. In the Stonehenge example above, the set of numbers are 60 stones in a 360 degree circle, indicating 60 x 360 = 21600. </BIG> <P ALIGN=Left> <BIG>I did not want to be the "judge" of the argument, so I did not make any related changes to this site. For the time being, Michael's writings will remain as is, but keep in mind that they fall short according to Carl. I may remove Michael's writings in the future. </BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <P ALIGN=Center> <IMG WIDTH="490" HEIGHT="11" SRC="chainlin.gif"> <P ALIGN=Left> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><A HREF="#Top">Return to top of page</A></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><BIG><B><A NAME="References For Part One">References For Part One</A></B></BIG></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <B><FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><BIG>Web sites with Code-Related Material</BIG></BIG></FONT></B><BIG><BR> </BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG><A HREF="http://www.pyramidmatrix.com/">PyramidMatrix.com, by Carl P. Munck</A></BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG><A HREF="http://www.earthmatrix.com/munck/extrac16.htm">The Work of Carl P. Munck: The Code<BR> by Charles William Johnson</A></BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <A href="http://www.lauralee.com/munck.htm"><BIG>CARL MUNCK ON LAURA LEE SITE</BIG></A> <P ALIGN=Center> <A HREF="http://www.lauralee.com/articles/code.htm"><BIG>LAURA LEE CARL MUNCK ARTICLES</BIG></A> <P ALIGN=Center> <A HREF="http://atlantisrising.com/issue9/ar9archeocrypto.html"><BIG>Archeocryptography According to Carl Munck</BIG> <BR> <BIG>Atlantis Rising Article, by Laura Lee</BIG></A> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><A HREF="http://www.sun-herald.com/NewsArchive2/112998/NP5.HTM">Prophet or Dreamer - Only the Future Will Tell</A><BR> Sun-Herald Article</BIG></FONT><BR> <P> <BIG>Carl Munk's available works can be ordered from: </BIG> <P> <BIG>Internet Marketing NW <BR> 40 Lake Bellevue, Suite 100<BR> Bellevue, WA 98005<BR> Telephone: 206-412-9789</BIG><BR> <BIG>E-Mail: info@internetmarketingnw.com</BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> _________________________________ <P ALIGN=Left> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><A HREF="#Top">Return to top of page</A></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><B><BIG><A NAME="Related Sites">Related Sites</A></BIG> </B></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><A HREF="http://www.decodingthestones.fslife.co.uk/main.htm">Decoding the Stones</A></BIG></FONT><BR> Decoding the Mysteries of the Standing Stones <BR> Gridman <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><A HREF="http://www.greatdreams.com/432.htm">The Cycle of Time Number 432</A></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><A HREF="http://www.greatdreams.com/numbers/jerry/antmec/antmec.htm">The Antikythera Mechanism </A></BIG></FONT><BR> Converting To Ancient Gematria Numbers <BR> By Jerry Iuliano <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><A HREF="http://www.greatdreams.com/sisters.htm">The Pleiades and the Seventh Ray on the Seventh Day</A></BIG></FONT><BR> (108 x 120 = 12960, Six Ages) <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><A HREF="http://www.greatdreams.com/2012.htm">All About 2012</A></BIG></FONT><BR> (The Mayan Cycle is Gematrian: <BR> 13 x 144000 = 1872000 days ) <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><A HREF="http://www.scatterdome.com/howell.htm">Great Cross of North America</A></BIG></FONT><BR> (Alignments of Ancient Sites and Crop Circles<BR> Jim Prange, Peter Champoux, Jeff Wilson)<BR> [Note: I do no agree with the conspiracy theories] <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><A HREF="http://www.greatdreams.com/crop/lazarus/lazarus.htm">Sacred Numbers to Resuscitate the Dead - <BR> Lazarus and Awakening the Sleeping Giant</A></BIG></FONT><BR> (288 + 156 = 444, 72 + 39 = 111, 72 x 39 = 2808 Key) <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><A HREF="http://dgleahy.com/dgl/p22.html">82944 (288^2) & the Four Fundamental Forces & the God Particle</A></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><A HREF="http://dgleahy.com/dgl/p06.html">Report on a (Room Key 2808) Dream & Related Matters & the God Particle</A></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><A HREF="http://web.archive.org/web/20030607010721/greatserpentmound.org/articles/python.html">Ohio's Serpent Mound, Python of Pythagoras?</A></BIG></FONT><BR> by Ross Hamilton <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><A HREF="http://www.greatdreams.com/numbers/music/joemusic.htm">The Crop Circle Music Wheel</A></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><A HREF="http://www.greatdreams.com/153.htm">The Symbolism and Spiritual Significance of the Number 153</A></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><A HREF="http://www.greatdreams.com/joestuff/numbers/sqrddif/sqrdif.htm">Creation Numbers</A></BIG></FONT><BR> The Differences in the Squares of Mirror Numbers <BR> and the Relation to Solfeggio Music Numbers<BR> (Related to the DNA Healing Frequencies) <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><A HREF="http://www.greatdreams.com/radio/ryan/1111/ryan1111.htm">11:11 - The Audio</A></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><A HREF="http://www.greatdreams.com/numbers/1111/1111.htm">11:11 - What Does it Mean?</A></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <BR> <BIG><A HREF="http://www.greatdreams.com/mayan.htm">Miami - Home of the Mayans?<BR> By Dee Finney</A><BR> All About The Newly-Discovered Miami Stone Circle</BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#800000"><BIG><A HREF="http://web.archive.org/web/20030611100451/http://www.wordmax.com/gallery432/">432 : Cosmic Key</A></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><A HREF="http://www.asis.com/users/stag/gematria.htm">Gematria, Words, Numbers, God</A></BIG></FONT><BR> The works of Bonnie Gaunt <P ALIGN=Center> <A HREF="http://www.divinecosmos.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=56&Itemid=36"><BIG>Harmonic Dimensions  The Architecture of the One</BIG> </A><BR> <BIG>By David Wilcock</BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG><A HREF="http://www.divinecosmos.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=67&Itemid=36">Global Grid Two: Hyperdimensional Crystals In Planets</A><BR> by David Wilcock</BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><A HREF="http://www.celticnz.co.nz/articles.html">Ancient Celtic New Zealand</A></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><A HREF="http://www.celticnz.co.nz/US9.html">Stonehenge pt 1 (288, PHI, & other Gematria)</A></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><A HREF="http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Estates/2960/G7_encryption.html">G7 ENCRYPTION CODES</A></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <A HREF="http://www.biblebelievers.org.au/pyramid.htm"><BIG>Reflections in Time - The Great Pyramid</BIG></A><FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><BR> By John Tatler</BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG><A HREF="http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/dp5/pyramid.htm">The Great Pyramid<BR> David Pratt</A></BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <A HREF="http://www.earthmatrix.com/serie77/pyramid.htm"><BIG>THE GREAT PYRAMID</BIG> <BR> <BIG>By Charles William Johnson</BIG></A> <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG><A HREF="http://www.sacredsites.com/2nd56/378.html">Places of Peace and Power<BR> Martin Gray</A></BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <A HREF="http://www.earthmatrix.com/ancient/pi.htm"><BIG>Ancient Pi: Knowers of the Universe</BIG> <BR> <BIG>By Charles William Johnson</BIG></A> <P ALIGN=Center> <A HREF="http://www.earthmatrix.com/great/pyramid.htm"><BIG>The Great Pyramid: Measurements</BIG> <BR> <BIG>By Charles William Johnson</BIG></A> <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG><A HREF="http://www.earthmatrix.com/computer/extract9.htm">Computers and the Ancient Reckoning System <BR> By Charles William Johnson</A></BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG><A HREF="http://www.earthmatrix.com/">Earth/matriX - Science in Ancient Artwork</A></BIG> <BR> <BIG><A HREF="http://www.earthmatrix.com/">Charles Johnson's Main Page</A></BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG><A HREF="http://www.cropcircleconnector.com/anasazi/sounds1.html">IS SOUND BEHIND THE CREATION OF CROP CIRCLES?<BR> by Freddy Silva</A></BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG><A HREF="http://www.direct.ca/trinity/part1.html">Mathematical Codes Found in The Bible - The works of Dr. Ivan Panin</A></BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG><A HREF="http://www.abarim-publications.com/Bible_Commentary/Pi_In_The_Bible.html">PI in the Bible</A></BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><A HREF="http://www.templeofsolomon.org/~johnboy/christpi.htg/christpi.htm">Star of Bethlehem, magi, pyramid, astrology, pi,</A></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <A HREF="http://www.worldgrid.net/"><FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG>Gridpoint - Mapping the World Grid</BIG></FONT></A><BIG><BR> Bruce Cathie</BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><A HREF="http://www.metrum.org/measures/index.htm">A History of Measures<BR> by Livio C. Stecchini</A></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><A HREF="http://www.metrum.org/measures/whystud.htm">Why Study Metrology?</A></BIG></FONT><BR> (A spiritual dimension to weights and measures) <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG><A HREF="http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Lab/5586/index.html">The Stone-Age Science-Art - Secrets of the Pentagon</A></BIG><FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BR> <BIG>Jiri Mruzek</BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG><A HREF="http://www.stonepages.com/">Stone Pages -  A Guide to European megaliths & Archaeological sites </A></BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG><A HREF="http://ancientamerican.com/">Ancient American Archaeology</A></BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><A HREF="http://www.geocities.com/leylinequest/">Leyline Quest</A></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG><A HREF="http://www.enterprisemission.com/">The Enterprise Mission </A></BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG><A HREF="http://www.greatdreams.com/mars.htm">PLANETARY ANOMALIES <BR> THE MARS/MOON/ANCIENT SITES CONNECTIONS</A></BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG><A HREF="http://www.crystalinks.com/ancient.html">ANCIENT AND LOST CIVILIZATIONS </A></BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><A HREF="http://www.cyberspaceorbit.com/phikent/japan/japan2.html">Underwater Pyramids</A></BIG></FONT><BR> Yonaguni, Japan <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG><A HREF="http://www.teamatlantis.com/">Team Atlantis - Underwater Monuments </A></BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG><A HREF="http://www.theomatics.com/theomatics/struct.html">Theomatics - Numerical Structure in the Bible</A></BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG><A HREF="http://www.highdown.reading.sch.uk/highdown/pupil/time/calendars/360.html">360 - The Trial</A></BIG><BR> For a period during historical times, did the year, as well as the calendar, contained twelve lunar<BR> cycles that averaged 30 days, resulting in a total of 360 days for both lunar and solar year length <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG><A HREF="http://www.geomancy.org/sacred-space/new-sacred-spaces/sacred-crops/index.html">Sacred Crops: Sacred Space & Crop Circles<BR> Mid-Atlantic Geomancy</A></BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><A HREF="http://www.edenseve.net/missouri_mystery_mound.New%20Home.htm">Missouri Mystery Mound</A></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><A HREF="http://www.greatdreams.com/mayan/palenque.htm">Palenque</A></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><A HREF="http://www.greatdreams.com/numbers_database.htm">Numbers Database</A></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> _______________________ <P ALIGN=Left> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><A HREF="#Top">Return to top of page</A></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><B><BIG><A NAME="Useful Resources">Useful Resources</A></BIG></B></BIG></FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000"><BIG><B><BIG> </BIG></B></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><A HREF="http://maps.google.com/maps">Google Maps</A></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><A HREF="http://earth.google.com/">Google Earth</A></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG><A HREF="http://terraserver.microsoft.com/">TerraServer - Satellite Images of Earth</A></BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG><A HREF="http://www.gpsy.com/gpsinfo/geotoutm/index.html">Converting Latitude/Longitude to Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)</A></BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG><A HREF="http://www.colorado.edu/geography/gcraft/notes/coordsys/coordsys_f.html">Coordinate Systems Overview</A></BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><A HREF="http://www.colorado.edu/geography/gcraft/notes/gps/gps.html">Global Positioning System Overview</A></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG><A HREF="http://cartography.geog.uu.nl/explokart/index.html">MapHist - History of Cartography</A></BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG><A HREF="http://www.gorp.com/gorp/resource/archaeol/main.htm">GORP - Archeological and Cultural Sites</A></BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG><A HREF="http://www.geometrycode.com/sg/index.shtml">Sacred Geometry - Bruce Rawles</A></BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><A HREF="http://mathworld.wolfram.com/">Wolfram MathWorld</A></BIG></FONT><BR> The web's most extensive mathematics resource <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><A HREF="http://www.easycalculation.com/prime-factor.php">Prime Factor Calculator</A></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG><A HREF="http://www.cs.utk.edu/~mclennan/BA/Isopsephia.html">Isopsephia Calculator</A></BIG><BR> Greek, Roman, Hebrew Gematria <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><A HREF="http://www.botaineurope.org/gema/gemaE.html">Hebrew Gematria Calculator</A></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><A HREF="http://www.webmath.com/">Web Math</A></BIG></FONT><BR> (figure triangles, etc.) <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><A HREF="http://www.timeanddate.com/date/duration.html">Calculate Duration Between Two Dates</A></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><A HREF="http://www.google.com/language_tools">Google Language Tools</A><BR> </BIG></FONT>(paste in the text or the URL address of the page, then choose the language) <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG><A HREF="http://babelfish.altavista.digital.com/cgi-bin/translate?">Translate Languages With AltaVista</A></BIG> (Babel Fish)<BR> <P ALIGN=Center> <IMG WIDTH="590" HEIGHT="14" SRC="twst_bar.gif"> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><BIG><B>End of Part One </B></BIG></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>If you have any questions or comments, e-mail Joe Mason at </BIG><A HREF="mailto:JMason4557@aol.com">JMason4557@aol.com</A> <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>This page was last updated on December 7, 2008</BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>This page was previously updated on August 23, 2005</BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>This links were checked last on December 7, 2008</BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>The URL of this page is:  http://www.greatdreams.com/gem1.htm</BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><A HREF="http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.greatdreams.com/gem1.htm">View this page as it was in the past</A></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <IMG WIDTH="590" HEIGHT="14" SRC="twst_bar.gif"> <P ALIGN=Left> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><A HREF="#Top">Return to top of page</A></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <A NAME="INDEX"></A> <B><BIG><BIG><BIG><FONT COLOR="#0000ff">INDEX</FONT></BIG></BIG></BIG></B> <P ALIGN=Center> <B><A HREF="http://www.greatdreams.com/gem2.htm"><BIG>PART TWO </BIG></A><BIG> </BIG></B><BR> <FONT COLOR="#000000"><BIG>Articles by Michael Lawrence Morton </BIG> <BR> Article One:  The Face' at Cydonia on Mars <BR> Article Two:  Rennes Le Chateau and Bethlehem <BR> Article Three:  "Faces" On Earth And Mars </FONT><BR> Article Four:  Major Discovery - Phi, 18 And Poussin's Secret<BR> <P ALIGN=Center> <B><A HREF="http://www.greatdreams.com/gem3.htm"><BIG>PART THREE</BIG></A><BIG> </BIG></B><BR> <FONT COLOR="#000000"><BIG>The Panther Mound and Sphinx Connection</BIG> <BR> By Michael Lawrence Morton <BR> First Article:  Carl P. Munck and Zecharia Sitchin <BR> RE : The Great Sphinx <BR> Second Article:  Another Sphinx Mystery<SMALL> (and Panther Mound) </SMALL></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <B><BIG><A HREF="http://www.greatdreams.com/gem4.htm">PART FOUR</A> </BIG></B><BR> <FONT COLOR="#000000"><BIG>Dream of the Gematrian Wheel and Carl Munck's Response</BIG> <BR> By Joseph E. Mason</FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><B><A HREF="http://www.greatdreams.com/gem5.htm">PART FIVE</A><BR> </B></BIG></FONT><FONT COLOR="#000000"><BIG>The King's Chamber and the Sarcophagus<BR> of the Great Pyramid</BIG><BR> By Michael Lawrence Morton<BR> with Contributions from James Furia and Joseph E. Mason</FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG><B><A HREF="http://www.greatdreams.com/gem6.htm">PART SIX</A></B></BIG><BR> <FONT COLOR="#000000"><BIG>Three Articles:<BR> The Sphinx, Two Fountains Of Youth, <BR> And The King's Chamber</BIG><BR> By James Furia<BR> <BIG>Looking At Coral Castle</BIG><BR> By Michael Lawrence Morton<BR> <BIG>It is Painfully Obvious<BR> There is a Unified Theory <BR> in the Mathematical Grid of the Ancient Ones</BIG><BR> by James Furia</FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><A HREF="http://www.greatdreams.com/gem7.htm"><B>PART SEVEN</B></A></BIG></FONT><BR> <FONT COLOR="#000000"><BIG>The Crop Circle Connection</BIG><BR> by Joseph E. Mason</FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><BIG><B><A HREF="http://www.greatdreams.com/gem8.htm">PART EIGHT</A></B></BIG></FONT><BR> <BIG>The Great Sphinx Knows Earth's 'Polar Dimensions'</BIG><BR> by Michael Lawrence Morton <P ALIGN=Center> <BR> <BIG><B><A HREF="http://www.greatdreams.com/gem9.htm">PART NINE</A></B></BIG><BR> <BIG>Some Pittsburgh Area 'Code Sites'</BIG><BR> by Michael Lawrence Morton<BR> <BR> <BIG><B><A HREF="http://www.greatdreams.com/gem10.htm">PART TEN</A></B></BIG><BR> <BIG>Gettysburg, Pennsylvania "Code" Connections</BIG><BR> by Michael Lawrence Morton <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG><B><A HREF="http://www.greatdreams.com/gem11.htm">PART ELEVEN</A></B></BIG><BR> <BIG>(an article about the newly-discovered Miami Stone Circle)</BIG><BR> <BIG>Miami: The home Of The Mayans?</BIG><BR> by Dee Finney<BR> With Decoding by Michael Lawrence Morton <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG><B><A HREF="http://www.greatdreams.com/gem12.htm">PART TWELVE</A></B><BR> Looking At Coral Castle</BIG><BR> By Dee Finney with Michael Lawrence Morton <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><B><A HREF="http://www.greatdreams.com/gem13.htm">PART THIRTEEN</A></B></BIG></FONT><BR> by Dee Finney<BR> New Bible Codes Discovered!<BR> Vibration Rates for Creation and Destruction!<BR> From: "Healing Codes for the Biological Apocalypse" <BR> by Dr Leonard Horowitz and Dr Joseph Puleo <P ALIGN=Center> <IMG WIDTH="590" HEIGHT="14" SRC="twst_bar.gif"> <P ALIGN=Center> <BIG>Thanks to Ender Design, Inc. for the free graphics from Realm Graphics</BIG> <P ALIGN=Center> <A HREF="http://www.ender-design.com/"><IMG WIDTH="88" HEIGHT="31" SRC="lnk_rg.gif"></A> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><A HREF="http://www.greatdreams.com/crpcirc.htm">Return to the Crop Circle Index</A></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT COLOR="#804000"><BIG><A HREF="http://www.greatdreams.com/joestuff/interp/joeindex.htm">Return to Joe Mason Index</A></BIG></FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <A HREF="http://www.greatdreams.com"><B>Return to Dreams of the Great Earth Changes</B></A> <P ALIGN=Left> <FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><A HREF="#Top">Return to top of page</A></FONT> </BODY></HTML>

THE CODE OF CARL MUNCK, AND ANCIENT GEMATRIAN NUMBERS - PART ONE | | | --- | | | **"THE CODE" OF CA****RL MUNCK AND ANCIENT GEMATRIAN NUMBERS Part One** **Hard Evidence of a Grand Design to Creation** ![](pyrmid.gif) The Pyramids at Giza Joseph E. Mason With contributions from: Michael Lawrence Morton James Furia Dee Finney Top [References For Part One](#References For Part One) [Related Sites](#Related Sites) [Useful Resources](#Useful Resources) [**INDEX**](#INDEX) **Part One - Introduction** **Overview** **By Joseph E. Mason** ![](golddmd.gif) The great mysteries of life are quite elusive. We do not have the "hard facts" needed to feel sure that our theories about the mysteries are true. Sometimes we feel sure, but convincing others is not so easy. Alas, they want "facts," and we cannot produce them. Well, times are changing. This is the start of a series of articles that will present many "facts" concerning some major mysteries of our world. These "facts" will show evidence that - > > ![](aquadmd.gif) The ancient sites > around the world are very precisely positioned on a global coordinate system > in relation to the position of the Great Pyramid at Giza. > > ![](aquadmd.gif) The positions > of the sites are given in the geometry of their construction. > > ![](aquadmd.gif) A very ancient > system of numbers was used in the system, which we will call "Gematria." > > > ![](aquadmd.gif) "Gematrian" > numbers are found in ancient myths and religions, including the Bible. > > > ![](aquadmd.gif) Gematrian > numbers were used in systems of weights and measures by ancient peoples, > including the Greeks, the Egyptians, the Persians, the Babylonians and the > Romans. > > ![](aquadmd.gif) The ancient > Mayans used Gematrian numbers in their very accurate timekeeping. > > ![](aquadmd.gif) The Code system > uses mathematical constants, such as pi and the radian. > > ![](aquadmd.gif) The system > also uses conventions that are still in use, such as the 360 degree circle, > 60 minute degree, 60 second minute, the base-ten numbering system, the 12-inch > foot, and the 5280-foot mile. > > ![](aquadmd.gif) The Nazca > Line ground markings "locate themselves" on The Code Matrix system. > > > ![](aquadmd.gif) Crop circle formations > suggest the same ancient numbers by way of their positions and measurements. > > > ![](aquadmd.gif) The very > ancient "Monuments on Mars," including "The Face on Mars," were positioned > in exact locations, just as the ancient sites on Earth. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > ![](twst_bar.gif) **Background** ![](golddmd.gif) In 1994 I sent a letter to my friend, [Madelon Rose Logue](http://www.fpdorchak.com/BlackSheepInfo.html), which included various numbers that I had found in my dream-coincidence research path. Some of the numbers came from myths/religions, including the Bible, some came from reading about the crop circles, and most were involved in a "coincidence" I had experienced. Madelon sent a copy of my letter to Carl Munck, who then wrote to me. He informed me of a few things about the numbers, and enclosed two copies of his newsletter, ***The Code***. This was itself a "coincidence," or synchronicity. I had just viewed the video of [Richard Hoagland](http://www.enterprisemission.com/) presenting his findings about the Monuments on Mars to the United Nations in 1992. In the video, Richard speaks of Carl Munck and his Code, and how it fits with the Mars findings. One of Carl's newsletters covered some basics of "The Code" system concerning the very precise positioning of the ancient sites. The other spoke of a related ancient numbering system called Gematria. I was awe struck by these things, as they seemed to "prove" mathematically that such a system did indeed exist, and most of the numbers I had mentioned in my letter to Madelon were part of the very ancient Gematrian system. ![](twst_bar.gif) **Explanation of The Code System** ![](globe.jpg)![](golddmd.gif) The Code system is quite like the [cartographic system](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography#Cartography) we still use today . . . which was probably handed down to us from [***very*** ancient times](http://math.rice.edu/~lanius/pres/map/maphis.html). In both the old and new reckoning systems, the earth is divided into 360 degrees around the equator for longitude coordinates, and latitude coordinates are reckoned at 90 degrees, from the equator to either Pole. Each degree is further divided into 60 "minutes," and each minute is divided into 60 "seconds." Thus, by giving the degrees, minutes, and seconds of East or West longitude and same for the North or South latitude, we can "locate" any point on the earth, similar to the way we give two street addresses to locate a place in our cities and towns. The big difference between the two systems is that today we use Greenwich, England as the starting point (zero degrees), or "Prime Meridian," for the longitude coordinates, whereas the ancients used the Great Pyramid of Giza. The difference in longitude between the two Prime Meridians is 31 degrees, 08 minutes, 0.8 seconds, so this must be taken into account when calculating "The Code." ![](twst_bar.gif) **Following The Code Numbers** ![](golddmd.gif) It is not necessary to be a mathematical expert to learn The Code system. Some terms, such as Pi, the Radian (RAD), square root, 'e', and Tangent are mentioned as part of the decoding system, but a complete understanding of their meaning is not required to follow along. They are mostly various mathematical constants used in geometric calculations of circles and spheres. Brief explanations ***will*** be given in the articles that follow. To follow the calculations, it is most useful to have a scientific calculator. Windows 95 has a calculator under "Accessories" in the Start Menu. After calling up the Calculator window, it can be changed to a scientific calculator on the Menu bar under "View." Michael recommends using a pocket calculator with the needed functions on it, such as the TI-30Xa Solar, from Texas Instruments. It's also the one Carl uses. Some abbreviations will be used, such as: > > W. = West > > E. = East > > deg = Degrees > > min = Minutes > > sec = Seconds > > RAD = Radian > > x = "times," multiply > > > **/** = divided by > > C. I. = Coordinate Intersect (explained below, > as presented) > > ![](twst_bar.gif) > > > **Dream Beginning of The Code** > > > > > > > As a dream researcher, I was very interested to learn that decades ago, Carl had an incredible dream where he was taken back in time. He saw workers constructing the Great Pyramid at Giza. Other dreams and experiences were directing him to "figure out the pyramids." He did not understand or feel capable of doing such a thing, whatever it was, but it was like being bombarded by the Spirit to "DO IT!" This led to Carl's amazing findings. Carl has presented his research to many over the years. Unfortunately, from the academic world, all he has ever heard is "the sound of doors slamming." As we have seen in other fields, new ideas are often rejected out-of-hand without study and due consideration, especially when they have the potential to upset the apple-cart of accepted theories. We will present Carl's work on these pages, so that you can judge it for yourself. Michael will start by showing Carl's decoding of Stonehenge. ![](twst_bar.gif) **Introduction to The Code** **Stonehenge - Circular Data Base** [![](stnhng.gif) ![](link.jpg)](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehenge) **by Michael Lawrence Morton** ![](golddmd.gif) It was Carl P. Munck's article on Stonehenge, in a newsletter put out by Richard C. Hoagland called "Martian Horizons" in the early 1990s, that really got me interested in Munck's work. Munck calls himself an archeocryptographer . . . and he is the pioneer in this new field, having re-discovered an amazingly-advanced "geomath matrix" from very deep antiquity, encoded in the precise latitude/longitude positions of ancient pyramids, mounds, effigies, monuments, and stone circles. Munck has been able to confirm the reality of this incredible discovery (or, re-discovery) by simply pointing-out what is \***there**\* for all to observe, by way of modern satellite-accurate maps, simple math, and a hand-held calculator. Indeed; aerial photography, satellite imaging, and calculators (computers) have proven essential for the birth of archeocryptography. In his 'decoding' of Stonehenge, Munck first determined that the original Sarsen Circle was constructed of 60 stones . . . 30 uprights and 30 cross-pieces. The Sarsen Circle, like any circle, has 360 degrees of arc on its circumference if we assume "our" circle/sphere math conventions. Here was a major key in this re-discovery process: the hypothesis that 360 degrees on a circumference was 'always' an integral part of this advanced 'matrix'! Munck took the 60 original Sarsen Circle stones and multiplied them by 360 . . . 60 x 360 = 21600 . . . which "happens to be" the number of arc-minutes on any circumference, according to "our" math conventions. And, 21600 also "happens to be" the number of Nautical Miles on the polar circumference of Earth. Isn't it interesting that one Nautical Mile equals exactly one 'minute' of Earth latitude? Of course, we also "happen" to use the number 60 for "time circles" . . . minutes in an hour and seconds in a minute . . . as on the circumference of a clock face. We are finding out (re-discovering) that the numbers 60 and 360 are not \*really\* arbitrary, in terms of what we know as time and space. I think the number 60 is very "geometric" because it is divisible by many whole numbers into many \*other\* whole numbers, and this is part of the inherent "nature" of our number system. (I now think that the distance, on a baseball field, from the pitcher's mound to home plate . . . 60 feet, 6 inches . . . is not really \*arbitrary\*, either. 60 x 6 = 360. But that's a subject for another article.) **Latitude of Stonehenge** ![](golddmd.gif) Using the most accurate maps available, Carl P. Munck looked to see if he could find some meaningful relationship between the precise location of Stonehenge, on Earth in terms of latitude and/or longitude, and the number 21600. He noted its latitude of approximately 51 deg 10 min North. Suppose he would, for instance, divide the number 21600 by 51, and then divide that result by 10 ? Yes, this is what he did : 21600 / 51 = 423.5294118 Then, 423.5294118 / 10 = 42.35294118 Amazingly, Stonehenge centers itself precisely AT this latitude : 51 deg 10 min 42.3529 sec Munck calls the product of a site's (centered) degrees x minutes x seconds . . . the 'Grid Latitude' (or 'Grid Longitude' for the site's centered longitude). So; the Grid Latitude of Stonehenge is : 51 deg x 10 min x 42.35294118 sec North = 21600 North **Original Longitude of Stonehenge** ![](golddmd.gif) One of Munck's major discoveries is his re-discovery of "our" (?) original prime meridian for longitude measurement. He determined that the prime meridian for this 'geomath matrix' passes directly through the center of The Great Pyramid at Giza in Egypt. So; we adjust our longitude (east or west, according to the site we are working with) by 31 deg 08 min 0.8 sec . . . the exact longitude distance between the current Greenwich, England prime meridian and the center of The Great Pyramid. In our current system, the longitude for Stonehenge is - 01 deg 49 min 28.0173748 sec W.Greenwich (West of Greenwich) In the ancient "Code" system, the longitude for Stonehenge was - 32 deg x 57 min x 28.8173748 sec W.Giza = 52562.89164 W.Giza To explain - using the best maps available, we know that Stonehenge is centered at W.Greenwich longitude 01 deg 49 min 28 sec. So; because Stonehenge is located not that far to the west of the Greenwich, England prime meridian, we \*add\* the (31 deg 08 min 0.8 sec) variance-distance onto the W.Greenwich longitude: 01 deg 49 min 28 sec W.Greenwich + 31 deg 08 min 0.8 sec (variance) --- 32 deg 57 min 28.8 sec W.Giza Now, if we multiply . . . 32 deg x 57 min x 28.8 sec . . . using the "numbers only" . . . we will be multiplying 32 x 57 x 28.8 . . . for a product of 52531.2. At this point, we look through the matrix to see if there is a figure "close to" 52531.2 . . . and we find such a figure in the number 52562.89164 . . . which turns out to encode the 'product' of certain math constants and a certain astronomical/geometric number, the multiplied product of . . . RAD (deg) x Pi x 2Pi x Square Root of 2160 = 52562.89164 57.29577951 x 3.141592654 x 6.283185307 x 46.47580015 = 52562.89164 Now, to "check" this figure . . . we start with 52562.89164 . . . and divide, first by the number of degrees, and then divide that result by the number of minutes, like this . . . 52562.89164 / 32 / 57 = 28.8173748 sec We can see, here, that this "very precise" number of longitude seconds is only 0.0173748 (28.8173748 - 28.8) longitude seconds away from our \*approximation\* of 28.8 longitude seconds. In terms of actual FEET, this would be a difference of approximately a Foot and a half. Yes, we now have figured out the W.Giza longitude of Stonehenge (the way Carl P. Munck did it) : 32 deg 57 min 28.8173748 sec W.Giza In dealing with circles and spheres, we run into the math constants of Pi and RADIAN measure, and these constants are integral to this 'geomath matrix', along with the number 360. Pi is the ratio of circumference to diameter of any given circle or sphere. Radian (deg) is the arc-distance on the circumference that is equal to the radius of any given circle or sphere. In degrees of arc, the Radian is equal to 57.29577951 (deg) . . . to eight decimal places. It is an irrational number, like the Pi constant 3.141592654 . . . to nine decimal places. [Note from Joe: The Radian can be figured by dividing 180 by Pi.] The relationship between Pi, the Radian (deg), and 360 (deg) can be shown with this equation : RAD x 2Pi = 360 Now, back to the Grid Longitude of Stonehenge . . . 52562.89164 = RAD x Pi x 2Pi x Square Root of 2160 (46.47580015) Here we have 4 terms, or quantities, multiplying to a number that encodes the precise original (Giza-based) longitude of Stonehenge. And, each of these 4 terms are important "entities" that are integral to both the design and the essence of this re-discovered 'matrix'. Notice that the number 2160 is a "base-ten harmonic" of the number 21600, and vice-versa . . . the decimal point is simply moved one place, 'horizontally'. Note also that 2160 refers to: diameter of The Moon in statute miles (regular miles), years in a Zodiac Age, and the total number of corner-angle degrees on the surface of a Cube. **Grid Point Value of Stonehenge** ![](golddmd.gif) The intersection point of latitude/longitude is represented in this 'matrix', for any given site, by the ratio of the Grid Latitude to the Grid Longitude, always greater-than-one. This resulting number is the Grid Point Value: 52562.89164 / 21600 = 2.433467206 [Joe's note: The intersection point-Grid Point Value is also called the "Coordinate Intersect," or C. I.] Munck has determined that the precise (matrix-valid) radius in Feet, of the Sarsen Circle at Stonehenge, is 48.66934411 . . . to eight decimal places. If we divide that radius in Feet by Stonehenge's Grid Point Value, we get . . . 48.66934411 / 2.433467206 = 20 . . . a base-10 harmonic of the 'binary' number 2. Suppose we divide the Sarsen Circle radius in Feet into the RAD (deg) constant? 57.29577951 / 48.66934411 = 1.177245771 Munck found that this number is the TANGENT of the precise azimuth-of-orientation of the 'Avenue' at Stonehenge . . . 49.65408598 degrees. He found further that 49.65408598 is equal to: (e / Pi) RAD . . . where 'e' is the base of the so-called "natural logarithms," observed in the 'growth patterns' of natural things such as conch shells . . . approximately the value 2.72 . . . (2.72258992 / Pi) x RAD (deg) = 49.65408598 Stonehenge, of course, is a very important site in this re-discovered matrix. Next to only The Great Pyramid at Giza, it is apparently the most important site on Earth in the Geomath Matrix. | | | --- | | **Michael Lawrence Morton graduated from Franklin and Marshall College (Lancaster, Pennsylvania) in 1973 with a B.A. degree in English Literature. He is an independent researcher into lost and suppressed human history and culture. He is an archeocryptographer and an alpha-numerologist.** | To contact Michael Lawrence Morton, please e-mail him at [Milamo@aol.com](mailto:milamo@aol.com), or phone him at 412-921-9116 in Pittsburgh, PA. ![](twst_bar.gif) **Introduction to Gematria And Code-Related Numbers** **By Joseph E. Mason** ![](golddmd.gif) Some readers may be familiar with the Greek system of Gematria, or others, which have numbers such as 666, 777 and 888. Carl Munck first encountered the word "Gematria" around 1986. When he tried to find information about Gematria, he found that the word was not in the dictionary, and that the libraries and book stores had nothing about it. Several years later he met a "genuine shaman of Gematria - code name HannaH," who virtually buried Carl with Gematrian materials. The Gematria explained by HannaH's material is not the same system used by the Ancient Greeks, or other familiar systems. The Gematrian numbers all are divisible by nine and add to nine or a multiple. Carl noted that the basic numbers always end in 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8. **A Forgotten or Repressed Science?** ![](golddmd.gif) Carl asked in his newsletter (Volume 3, Nr. 6, June 1994), "Is Gematria one of those fragmentary ancient sciences which the longer we probe, the less we understand?" He went on to say, "Academia would just as soon be rid of it for that very reason. Yet, we have an enormous body of evidence to indicate that the ancient Greeks, Egyptians, Persians, Babylonians and Romans were enormously involved with these very same numbers, many of which even found their way into their metrological systems thereby becoming units of weights and measures." Carl asked HannaH to write an introduction to Gematria for ***The Code*** newsletter - --- **Gematria by HannaH** ![](golddmd.gif) The 5th Century B.C. trading empire of the Eastern Mediterranean Phoenicians saw the appearance of a writing mode in which alphabetical letters served as numbers. Even at this early date, however, its roots were lost in the mists of time. From this base evolved the Hebraic and later [Greek](http://www.cs.utk.edu/~mclennan/OM/BA/SNHIG.html) systems of Gematria. Both had reached a high degree of development by the 3rd Century B.C. These alpha-numeric alphabets exhibited qualities and inter-relationships for which there is no logical intention. Yet an entire symbolic teaching evolved around them which incorporated the principles of number, form, sound and astronomy. Only number combinations and figures could be utilized to express this knowledge. Today, we view numbers as merely an expression of quantity. To the ancients, every number had its own character and identity; a place in an arithmetic chain that leads from one dimension of understanding to another. This extraordinary system of arithmetic, or concealed geometry, form the link between the languages of literature and mathematics. With this knowledge, ancient literature, metrology and Sacred Geometry can be viewed with new eyes. With numbers, alphabetical cryptography becomes the law. Biblical numbers and structure dimensions become alphabetical statements. The WORD (number) becomes FLESH (dimensional) for numbers are words. (Example: 3168 = Lord Jesus Christ - - Kupios Inoors Xpioros) HannaH - 1992 --- **Carl Munck Finds Gematrian Numbers Related to The Code** ![](golddmd.gif) Among the material HannaH sent to Carl was some of the papers of the late Louis K. Bell, one of the foremost ancient metrologists of modern times. Carl found that some of the numbers were the same as the ones he had found in the Pyramid Codex. Carl gave examples in his newsletter - > > ![](aquadmd.gif) In ancient Babylonia, > a long unit of measure called the "Kasbu" was well known. It was 129600 > "Susi" in length. 129600 is the square of 360, and in the global matrix, > the same figure which was used to encode the West Giza Longitude of the Shark > Mound on North Bimini Island. > > ![](aquadmd.gif) Also in Babylonian > metrology was the "Maneh," a unit for measuring volume. It was equivalent > to 7776 cubic inches by modern reckoning, but to them, 21600 "Um." 21600 > is the grid latitude of Stonehenge! Is this only coincidence? After > all, at the time Babylonia was great, Stonehenge hadn't yet been built - > at least where our dating of the site is concerned, a date which could be > WAY off the mark. > > ![](aquadmd.gif) A long unit > of measure used by the ancient Egyptians was the "Schoenus," a unit of 216000 > modern inches. The same figure finds the longitude of the Octagon at > Newark, Ohio. Did they know that? > > ![](aquadmd.gif) The Roman "Load" > was 3000 Libra; 2160 pounds today. 2160, the grid latitude of Newark's > Observatory Circle. More coincidence? > > ![](aquadmd.gif) The earliest recorded > bushel was equal to 2160 cubic inches. > > ![](aquadmd.gif) Over time, the > ancient Egyptians employed several "cubits" in their body of metrology. > Among them was the so-called "Royal cubit" - 20.67 modern English inches. > 20.67; the actual longitude of the Mycerinus Pyramid to the West of > the Great Pyramid. > > ![](aquadmd.gif) In ancient Persia, > a "talent" of gold was equal to 388800 grains. 388800 is what happens > - ***exactly*** what happens - when we multiply MY-2 (7.396853329) > by 52,562.89164, the grid longitude of Stonehenge. Who told them about > that? > > [Joe's note - 7.396853329 is a master Giza longitude. MY = Megalithic > Yard] > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Carl suspected that formal ancient metrology was rooted in the even more ancient pyramid codex. He went on to read into the subject, including the works of Charles Warren, and A. E. Berriman. Most of the authorities agreed that no one knew where ancient metrology came from - it was already in use when men first began writing. "Obviously," Carl said, "it is incredibly ancient." **Carl's Breakthrough in Gematria** ![](golddmd.gif) Carl listed some of the Gematrian numbers with their "Alpha" or "Word" meanings in the newsletter - > > 144 = Light > > 288 = Double light, the Kingdom of Heaven. > > 432 = Consecration (also the square root of the classical speed > of light, 186624 miles per second). Several Biblical references are > also tied to it; Luke 8:15, Revelation 2:17, etc. > > 396 = Classical earth radius (3960 miles). > > 576 = Prophecy and Gospel. > > 864 = Time (2) the source of light and life, (3) Most Holy. > > > 1152 = Witness (576 x 2). Biblical references include Luke > 14:26, Revelation 3:12, 12:11 and 19:9. > > 1296 = Circle of space (360 x 60 x 60). 1296 was also Plato's > favorite number. > > 1548 = Priest of God. > > 1728 = A-flat in music. > > 2304 = False Christs and False prophets (1 Cor. 14:22, Mark 13:12). > > > 3168 = Lord Jesus Christ. > > 3888 = New Jerusalem (Rev. 21:2, 1 Cor. 12:27, Luke 8:21, etc.). > > > 5184 = Victory over the beast (Rev. 15:2). > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Carl explained that although this is quite confusing to the layman, even when the Biblical references are consulted, "the shamen of these sacred numbers are convinced that certain passages in Holy Scripture actually represent a codex in their own right, wherein certain communications from ancient men of wisdom were very carefully ***positioned*** in the Bible in order to secretly transmit vital information across time itself - not unlike what we are seeing in the pyramid codex." Carl listed some units of weights used by the ancient Romans, marking the Gematrian numbers with an asterisk (\*): | | | | --- | --- | | \*432 grains = 1 Uncia | 3024 grains = 7 Septunx | | 648 grains = 1.5 Sescuncia | 3456 grains = 8 Bessis | | \*864 grains = 2 Sextans | \*3888 grains = 9 Dodrans | | \*1296 grains = 3 Quadrans | 4320 grains = 10 Dextans | | \*1728 grains = 4 Triens | 4752 grains = 11 Deunx | | 2160 grains = 5 Quintux | \*5184 grains = 12 Libra | | 2592 grains = 6 Semis | \_ | Another Roman system of weights was also listed: | | | | --- | --- | | 36 grains = 12 Semisextula | 216 grains = 72 Semuncia | | 72 grains = 24 Sextula | \*432 grains = 144 Unica\* | | 108 grains = 36 Sicilicus | \*5184 grains = 1728 Libra\* | | \*144 grains = 48 Duella | \_ | Surprisingly, many of the Roman numbers are the same as those used in the Gematrian system. Since metrology came before written records, and was likely handed down to the Romans, the number system came LONG before the Bible. Even more amazing is the fact that the same system of numbers was used by the ancient Mayans in the West in their very precise time-keeping! The Mayans used a 20-day month in their calendar. Carl showed the arrangement in the newsletter, again marking the Gematrian numbers with an asterisk (\*): | | | | --- | --- | | 20 days = 18 kin | \*288 days = 20 bactun | | 36 days = 20 uinals | \*576 days = 20 pictun | | 72 days = 20 tuns | \*1152 days = 20 calabtun | | \*144 days = 20 katun | \*2304 days = 20 kinchilton | (Joe's note: See "corrections" below this section) The Mayans also broke down their hours into specific groups of minutes: | | | | --- | --- | | 24 hours = 144 minutes\* | 6912 hours = 41472 minutes | | 48 hours = 288 minutes\* | 13824 hours = 82944 minutes | | \*864 hours = 5184 minutes\* | 27648 hours = 165888 minutes | | \*1728 hours = 10368 minutes | 55296 hours = 331776 minutes | \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **Special Note by Joe Mason** Some give other figures for the various Mayan time periods, but the numbers are also Gematrian or Gematrian-related. I do not know the source of Carl's listing above. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **Update - November 29, 1998** Two days ago, Michael sent the "correct" Mayan time periods and how the numbers 'work properly with' the Gematrian numbers. He suggested that I replace the old ones with the corrected version. For the time being, I want to leave the old ones, because they are from Carl's newsletter, which is being reviewed in the above writing. The following is Michael's "correction," as he understands it at this point. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **Michael's "Correction" to the Mayan Calendar Numbers, Illustrating the Gematrian Number Relationship** 1 KIN = 1 Day or 24 hours = 144 "Mayan Minutes" 20 KIN = 1 UINAL = 1 Haab Calendar Month of 20 Days = 2880 "Mayan Minutes" 18 UINAL = 1 TUN = 1 Haab Calendar Year of 360 Days = 51840 "Mayan Minutes" On The Tzolkin Calendar, the cycle is 260 KIN (days), composed of 20 'wavespells' (see [Jose Arguelles, et al](http://www.earthascending.com/core/core.htm)) of 13 KIN (days) each. So; there are 13 'tones of creation' . . . 13 KIN . . . in each of the 20 'wavespells'. Each 'wavespell' is represented by a Mayan Glyph symbol. A half-day, or one-half KIN, is 12 hours. We could think of this as "daytime" and "nighttime". Then, each 'daytime' and each 'nighttime' can be split into two 6-hour intervals. Each 6-hour interval is equal to 36 "Mayan Minutes", which gives us a basic "gematrian" unit of 36 "Mayan Minutes". As Carl P. Munck shows in his work, these 'intervals of 36' can be plotted as two separate sine waves according to the two common tangents (plus and minus) of gematrian numbers. Here is a table of some Mayan Calendar units and their equivalent numbers of gematrian "Mayan Minutes" : | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Kins | . | Days | . | Hours | . | "Mayan Minutes" | | 1/4 | = | 1/4 | = | 6 | = | 36 | | 1/2 | = | 1/2 | = | 12 | = | 72 | | 1 | = | 1 | = | 24 | = | 144 | | 2 | = | 2 | = | 48 | = | 288 | | 3 | = | 3 | = | 72 | = | 432 | | 3.5 | = | 3.5 | = | 84 | = | 504 | | 4 | = | 4 | = | 96 | = | 576 | | 5 | = | 5 | = | 120 | = | 720 | | 6 | = | 6 | = | 144 | = | 864 | | 7 | = | 7 | = | 168 | = | 1008 | | 8 | = | 8 | = | 192 | = | 1152 | | 9 | = | 9 | = | 216 | = | 1296 | | 10 | = | 10 | = | 240 | = | 1440 | | 11 | = | 11 | = | 264 | = | 1584 | | 12 | = | 12 | = | 288 | = | 1728 | | 13 | = | 13 | = | 312 | = | 1872 | | 14 | = | 14 | = | 336 | = | 2016 | | 15 | = | 15 | = | 360 | = | 2160 | | 16 | = | 16 | = | 384 | = | 2304 | | 17 | = | 17 | = | 408 | = | 2448 | | 18 | = | 18 | = | 432 | = | 2592 | | 19 | = | 19 | = | 456 | = | 2736 | | 20 | = | 20 | = | 480 | = | 2880 | 20 KIN = 1 UINAL = 1 Haab Calendar Month of 20 Days] Michael L. Morton (c) 1998 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **Continuing with Carl's Breakthrough in Gematria** Since these number systems were in place long before the arrival of Columbus in the West, the mystery thickens. Carl suggests that the ancient people held the numbers to be of vital importance, and thus placed them in their metrology and calendars in order to preserve them in the best way they could. The numbers were there, before the beginning of writing. The people who recorded the numbers via their special systems, probably did not know what the numbers really meant. Carl checked the tangents of the numbers, and realized there were just four, and only two if the plus/minus signs are ignored. He organized the numbers by their Tangents, and noted which number systems used them: Common Tangent of + 0.726542528 Common Tangent of - 0.726542528 | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Number | Gematria | Mayan | Roman | \_\_ | Number | Gematria | Mayan | Roman | | 36 | \_ | **\*** | **\*** | | 144 | **\*** | **\*** | **\*** | | 216 | \_ | \_ | **\*** | | 864 | **\*** | **\*** | \_ | | 396 | **\*** | \_ | \_ | | 2304 | **\*** | **\*** | \_ | | 576 | **\*** | **\*** | \_ | | 3024 | \_ | **\*** | \_ | | 1296 | **\*** | \_ | **\*** | | 5184 | **\*** | **\*** | **\*** | | 3456 | \_ | **\*** | **\*** | | 13824 | \_ | **\*** | \_ | | 20736 | \_ | **\*** | \_ | | 82944 | \_ | **\*** | \_ | | 55296 | \_ | **\*** | \_ | | \_ | \_ | \_ | \_ | | 331776 | \_ | **\*** | \_ | | \_ | \_ | \_ | \_ | Common Tangent of + 3.077683537 Common Tangent of - 3.077683537 | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Number | Gematria | Mayan | Roman | \_ | Number | Gematria | Mayan | Roman | | 72 | \_ | **\*** | **\*** | | 108 | \_ | \_ | **\*** | | 252 | **\*** | \_ | \_ | | 288 | **\*** | **\*** | \_ | | 432 | **\*** | \_ | **\*** | | 648 | \_ | \_ | **\*** | | 1152 | **\*** | **\*** | \_ | | 1548 | **\*** | \_ | \_ | | 2592 | **\*** | \_ | **\*** | | 1728 | **\*** | **\*** | **\*** | | 4752 | \_ | \_ | **\*** | | 3168 | **\*** | \_ | \_ | | 6912 | \_ | **\*** | \_ | | 3888 | **\*** | \_ | **\*** | | 41472 | \_ | **\*** | \_ | | 10368 | \_ | **\*** | \_ | | . | . | . | . | | 27648 | \_ | **\*** | \_ | | . | . | . | . | | 165888 | \_ | **\*** | \_ | ![](twst_bar.gif) **Sine Waves** ![](golddmd.gif) Carl figured a certain ***logic was demanded*** by these numbers, so he arranged them into two separate scales, organizing them by their tangents, and marking the numbers that came from the ancient systems with asterisks (\*), and filling in the "blanks," with appropriate numbers, something like this: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ + 3.077683537 72\* 252\* 432\* 612 792 - 3.077683537 108\* 288\* 468 648\* 828 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ + 0.726542528 36\* 216\* 396\* 576\* 756\* - 0.726542528 144\* 324 504 684 864\* \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ In the newsletter, Carl had a longer list of these numbers in vertical columns. He also drew in ***sine waves*** connecting the numbers, which seemed to be suggested by their logic. He noted the consistent differences between the various numbers in the top two rows of 36 and 144, such as 108 - 72 = 36 and 252 - 108 = 144. The differences between the bottom rows are 108 and 72, such as 144 - 36 = 108; and 216 - 144 = 72. The suggestion of sine waves, Carl said, is ***very, very*** obvious. Did the ancients know about sine waves? Did they have oscilloscopes? Were they suggesting a certain ***frequency***? ![](twst_bar.gif) **A Frequency of Light** ![](golddmd.gif) Carl was shocked when he multiplied the two Gematrian tangents: 3.077683537 x 0.726542528 = 2.236067977 He knew that 2.236067977 is ***THE SQUARE ROOT OF FIVE***!!! ***That's*** the pyramid codex talking!", Carl says. He asks, "Why does the square root of five answer the sine waves of the Sacred Numbers? What was the reasoning behind it?" "Because the square root of five is ***ITSELF*** a Tangent; the Tangent of 186234.09485." Which is the ***SPEED OF LIGHT IN AIR******!!!*** Carl points out that the speed of light in a vacuum is 186282.5894 miles per second, but when light travels through air, it is slowed down to 186234.09485 miles per second. Enter this speed-of-light-in-air number into your calculator, and then press the tangent key, to see that it is very close to the number arrived at by multiplying the two Gematrian tangents. My computer calculator gives these figures: Tangent of 36 = 0.7265425280054 Tangent of 108 = -3.077683537175 0.7265425280054 x -3.077683537175 = -2.2360679775 Tangent of 186234.09485 = -2.236067197552 The difference is: -2.2360679775 - -2.236067197552 = 0.0000007799473440429 Carl concludes - "And there we have it, the reasoning behind the Sacred Numbers of Gematria, the same ones preserved in eastern metrology and western calendrical computing; square roots and tangents - all keyed to the terrestrial speed of light - AND DELIVERED THROUGH THE PYRAMID CODEX IN NEARLY THE ***EXACT METHODOLOGY THEY USED IN KEYING THE EARTH'S EQUATORIAL CIRCUMFERENCE TO THE CUBE ROOT OF DOUBLE-PI*** when they built the Great Pyramid at Giza." "No communications across ancient oceans? No prehistoric writing that makes any sense? Ignorant stone age progenitors? I'm afraid I'm not buying anymore, not when I can so easily find this kind of mathematical evidence to the contrary." "Someone back there had it all; maps of enviable accuracy, a complete knowledge of every inch of our planet, a thorough understanding of mathematics and, yes, even calculators and computers we take for granted today - because without such tools, they could never have put it all together. Why do I say that? Because the U.S. Geological Survey advises me that they have the only computer in the United States which is programmed to calculate accurate distances between widely separated points anywhere on the planet - which means - that before the ancients could have marked out the pyramid grid system, they required a computer of the ***same*** caliber!!" ![](twst_bar.gif) **An Example Calculation** ![](golddmd.gif) In order to make this more clear, I'll give an example calculation (follow along with your scientific calculator, if you wish). This follows Carl's writings above concerning - > > ![](aquadmd.gif) Enter the number > 36 into your calculator and press the tangent key. The result should > be 0.726542528 > > > > ![](aquadmd.gif) Press the "Memory > Store" key to store this number. > > > > ![](aquadmd.gif) Enter the number > 72 into your calculator and press the tangent key. The result should > be 3.077683537 > > > > ![](aquadmd.gif) Press the "x" > (multiply) key, then press the Memory Restore key, then the "=" (Equals) > key. The result should be 2.236067978 (the result of 0.726542528 x > 3.077683537). > > > > ![](aquadmd.gif) Now, press the > "C" (Clear) key, then enter the number 5. > > > > ![](aquadmd.gif) Press the Square > Root key, to display the square root of five, which should be 2.236067978, > the same number you arrived at by multiplying the tangents of 36 and 72. > > > > > > > > > > > > Again, there are only four tangents, and just two tangents when the plus (+) and minus (-) signs are ignored. Since it is unlikely that the ancients had modern calculators or computers, Carl wondered just how they were able to consistently use numbers that had only the two tangents. ![](twst_bar.gif) **Joe Mason's Gematria System** ![](golddmd.gif) Reading Carl's work was staggering to me - it felt like my head was reeling! I'm sure this would have been the case even if I had not experienced all the "coincidences" about such numbers . . . but read on, to grasp how all this fit in with my own findings. I'll give a few examples. In September 1991, I read John Michell's article in ***The Cerealogist***, #4, about the great triangular [crop formation that appeared near Barbury Castle](http://www.greatdreams.com/crop/crop-circle-06.jpg). A [diagram with dimensions](http://www.greatdreams.com/numbers/music/bbccbg.gif) was illustrated. John pointed out that the sum of all the four circular areas in the formation was 31680 square feet. He went on - "The significance of this number, in arithmetic, cosmology, ancient theology and temple architecture was first explored in ***City of Revelation*** (1972) and is summed up in a section of ***The Dimensions of Paradise*** (Thames & Hudson, 1988). In traditional cosmology, 31680 miles was taken to be the measure around the sub-lunary world, and the early Christian scholars calculated the number 3168 as emblematic of Lord Jesus Christ. The same number was previously applied to the name of a leading principle in the pagan religion." I tried some calculations in an attempt to figure out "31680." I tried assigning the number 8 to the North sun symbol, and 9 to the moon symbol at the southwest corner of the triangle, and multiplied to get 72, which are the number of Divine Names used as codes in Creation according to Dr. J. J. Hurtak, author of ***[The Book of Knowledge, The Keys of Enoch](http://www.affs.org/)***. To arrive at the number 31680, I needed to assign the number 440 to the ratchet (Mercury) spiral glyph on the southeast corner of the crop formation (8 x 9 = 72 x 440 = 31680). It struck me that 440 yards is a quarter mile, so I tried dividing 31680 by 5280, feet in a mile, to find it was exactly 6 miles. At the time, I wondered how ancient people could use one of our "modern" measurement numbers. Little did I know! Interestingly, a relative informed me later that [440 is the cycles per second of the musical note of "A."](http://www.greatdreams.com/numbers/music/joemusic.htm) Back around 1992, a strange thing happened. One night at work the numbers 72 and 360 kept coming into my mind over and over. I knew about the 72 Divine Names, and I had read that 360 was called a "Prophetic Year," by certain proponents of the Bible. It is part of an interpretation concerning the dream of Nebuchadnezzar in the Book of Daniel. He dreamed that a great tree was cut and banded, which caused a period of insanity for seven years. This is calculated as Prophetic Years, giving 7 x 360 = 2520 years. From the fall of the Temple at Jerusalem, this is said to give the year 1914 as the beginning of the Apocalypse (The year 1914 seems to be off a bit). I finally stopped and multiplied the numbers coming into my head. 72 x 360 = 25920. I was startled, because I knew this was the number of years of the [precession](http://www.shaka.com/~johnboy/Preces.htg/precession.htm), caused by the "wobble" of the earth's axis, giving us our 12 Zodiac Ages of 2160 years each. I had read about the precession number in Joseph Campbell's, ***The Inner Reaches of Outer Space*** back in 1990. It was mentioned that when the precession number is divided by the ancient number 60, called "Soss," the result is [432, which is a cycle of time number](http://www.greatdreams.com/432.htm) (Consecration in Gematrian). Apparently the [ancients knew](http://www.world-mysteries.com/Walter_Cruttenden_1.htm) about the precession long ago. In 1992 and 1993, I had some strange dream-coincidences which eventually became centered on [Revelation 11:11](http://www.greatdreams.com/1111.htm). The verse includes the words, "three and a half days." At one point, I re-read some dreams I had received, and two of them made a connection. In one of them a voice said, "The children were born in the sign of 42." In the other dream, I saw "Trinity 11:2." I looked up Revelation 11:2, and found that it speaks of the holy city being trampled over for 42 months. I then realized 42 months is is 3 1/2 years, perhaps connecting with the 3 1/2 days in Rev. 11:11. I then read the next verse, Rev. 11:3, which speaks of 1260 days. This was not quite 3 1/2 years, but dividing 1260 by 3.5 gives 360. It's like 3 1/2 times around a circle, again matching the 3 1/2 in the other verses. At the time, I did not know that the Hebrew calendar had 30-day months, but I now see that 1260 days is another way of indicating 3 1/2 years. In Joseph Campbell's book, he gave the number of years from Adam's creation to the time Noah's Ark landed on the mountain, as 1656. The number of weeks in that period of years is 86400, it is figured. A human heart, beating once a second, gives the same number, 86400, in one day (60 x 60 x 24). Dividing the number in half gives 43200, strongly suggesting the ancient cycle of time number. The number 108 is the number of names of the Mother Goddess in India, and figures in the time cycle number as 108 x 4 = 432. I had written about these subjects and others in my letter to Madelon, which she passed on to Carl. As you can see, many of the numbers are the same or similar to those in Carl's work. I noticed that Carl had the number 1656 listed in his "sine wave" type illustration (I stopped short of it in my rendition above). But it was apparently a "fill in the blank" type number, as it had no asterisk indicating that it was used by the ancients. The number 1260 was not listed anywhere, yet it seemed to me that it should fit somehow. ![](twst_bar.gif) **Joe's Dream of the Gematrian Wheel** ![](golddmd.gif) Some months after learning of Carl's work, I had a dream of a circle divided into parts, and I knew it was about the Gematrian system. It came out to a 360 degree circle, or "Wheel," divided into 10 parts of 36 degrees each, giving the sequence - 36, 72, 108, 144, etc. Full revolutions produce the same numbers with factors of ten - 360, 720, 1080, 1440, etc. The pattern keeps repeating on a base-ten system, so, for example, 144,000 is 400 times around the "Wheel." Each section is divided into 6 parts, for a total of 60 marks. The top and bottom points of the "Wheel" have a zero tangent. The other eight points have the same four tangents listed by Carl, two if you do not consider plus and minus signs. **The Gematrian Wheel** | | The Bythorn Mandala crop formation of 1993 had a ten petal lotus with a five-pointed star inside. It may hint at the Gematrian system by the ten petals, and the star, which has 36 degrees in each point, and 72 degrees between points. The design is very similar to a yantra to the Goddess, Kali (one of 108 aspects of Sakti) of the eastern religions. Two of the points of the star were facing toward the North. In esoteric traditions, such a star with two points (or horns) up, signify the Kali-Yuga time cycle, called the Age of Iron, which we are now in. This is said by some to be 432,000 years. Interestingly, Daniel's interpretation of Nebuchadnezzar's dream of the frightening image, was that it represented the Ages, symbolized by the metals, gold, silver, bronze, and iron, followed by the iron and clay mix in the feet of the image. The Hindu chronology has the same four metals in the same order. Twenty-Part ("666" Tangent) Wheel ![](golddmd.gif) Some other significant numbers are located at "in-between" points on the "Gematrian Wheel." It could be considered a 20-part Wheel. Each of these points are 18 degrees between the Gematrian numbers, such as 18, 54, 90, 126, 162, 198, and 234. Notice that 54, 126, and 234 all have the same tangent (again, ignoring plus/minus). Check this against the number 666, to see it has the same tangent. 666 is one of the '"in-between" points, being between 648 and 684 on the "Gematrian Wheel." Notice too, that some of these numbers rearranged, and with various zeros, form regular Gematrian numbers. For example, add a zero to 126 to get 1260, or insert a zero into 234 for 2304. Notice also that the "in-between" numbers also add to nine or a multiple of nine, and are divisible by nine. The numbers often show a repositioning, such as 432 and the reverse, 234 (an in-between point), and 324. Such is the odd nature of Gematrian and Gematrian-related numbers. Six-Part Wheel ![](golddmd.gif) Other related numbers can be put on a six-part wheel, of 60 degrees per segment, giving the sequence 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, etc. Various designs, such as the Star of David, fit with this "Wheel." Remember that Joseph Campbell pointed out that 60 was an important number called, "Soss," by the ancients, who used it in various calculations, as we do today with our time-keeping and coordinate system. Remember too, that 31680 divided by 6 results in 5280, feet in a mile. Carl points out that these numbers were also used by the ancients, and the tangents are the square root of three (again, excluding the top and bottom marks). The number 88, which sometimes appears in dreams, may be something of a "connecting" number between the two "Wheels," as 88 x 60 = 5280 and 88 x 360 = 31680. For my part of this article, I will speak of the various numbers in terms of the "Wheels," explained above. If a number fits on the ten-part "Gematrian Wheel," meaning it is evenly divisible by 36, I will term it a Gematrian number. But, keep in mind that this is just my personal convention. Others may not consider certain numbers, such as 1260, as being Gematrian. If a number, such as 666, fits on the 20-Part Wheel, but not on the 10-Part Gematrian Wheel, I consider it Gematria-related, as being an "in-between point" on the Gematrian Wheel. If an established convention existed, I would use it instead of my personal system, but such a convention is not available at this point. At a later time, I will present a possible 12-Part Wheel. ![](twst_bar.gif) **Following Along - Checking for Gematrian Numbers** ![](golddmd.gif) Keep in mind, as you read on, that when a number is listed that ends with an even number, and adds to nine or a multiple of nine, it may be a Gematrian number. If it divides evenly by 36, then it is one of the Gematrian numbers in my system. You can also verify it by entering the number on your calculator, and checking to see that the tangent is equal to 0.726542528 or 3.077683537. The tangents are both positive and negative numbers, but we will ignore that, for the most part, in our study of The Code. The above is true when the ending number is 2, 4, 6, or 8. Some Gematrian numbers end in a zero, such as 1260. Larger Gematrian numbers that end in zero, such as 1080, also have a zero tangent, but you can still check it by removing the final zero or zeros, and checking the tangent. For the number 1080, remove the zero and check the tangent of 108 to see it is -3.077683537. Taking the Stonehenge latitude number, 21600, as another example - take off the ending zeros and check the tangent of 216, to see that it is 0.726542528. Some Gematrian numbers have other special attributes to them, which we will point out on these pages. An example is 216, which is 6 cubed, or 6 x 6 x 6. As Michael mentioned, 2160 is the diameter in miles of the Moon, and 2160 is the number of years in one Zodiac Age. Another example is 1296. It is six to the fourth power (6 x 6 x 6 x 6). Its base-ten harmonic, 12960, is the number of years in half the precession (25920 / 2). As you see, the numbers are related. The twelve Zodiac Ages of 2160 years each, total 25920 years, for one grand circuit of 360 degrees. ![](twst_bar.gif) **A Few Theories** ![](golddmd.gif) Finding such mysteries throughout the The Code/Gematria system leads one to suspect that it is not just an arbitrary system, but rather that it was fashioned by a very high intelligence in the far distant past. No one knows the source, but there are a number of theories, such as the existence of a high culture like Atlantis in pre-history, or that extraterrestrials interacted with humans long ago and taught them the system. Some believe the system to be simply Creation Numbers used by God or the gods. If that seems farfetched, well . . . read on. The great accuracy of The Code holds true only with the latest satellite mapping coordinates. Carl says the plates of the earth have shifted a bit since some of the sites were built. Since, "The Code" shows accuracy within yards, the question is, "How did the ancients know how to do this." He thinks it is like a time-capsule, because it could have never been figured it out until now. Many years ago, the ancient sites were not located at the same coordinates where we find them today; so, whoever devised "The Code" ***must have known where the sites would be located in the future***. I have some evidence, which I will share later, that dreams impart some of the same numbers to people in their sleep. So, my theory is that the numbers and other information came through dreams and/or visions in the past, and that is why there is consistency over time and distances. The ancients may have built the pyramids and other sites based on their dreams and visions, while perhaps not really understanding the overall system to any great extent. Another plausible theory that I favor is that a crop circle phenomena occurred in the distant past, and that the ancient peoples built the structures upon the crop formations. Crop circle researchers have pointed out that most of the crop circles in England appear near ancient sites, sometimes right next to them, such as the Spider Web formation near Avebury in 1994, the Julia Set formation next to Stonehenge in 1996, and Koch Snowflake near Silbury Hill in 1997. The researchers also say that the ancient sites are located at crossing points of [dowsable "ley lines,"](http://www.geo.org/dowse1.htm) and that the crop formations also appear on these points. Experienced dowsers have found that earth-energy within various crop formations form geometric patterns, such as stars and cross-like shapes. In one case, a pattern similar to The New Jerusalem Plan, based on the vision of Saint John in Revelation 21, was detected in a crop formation. The same pattern has been "dowsed" within certain ancient sites, such as Stonehenge and Avebury. ![](twst_bar.gif) **The Music Connection** ![](golddmd.gif) James (Jimi) Furia has found musical connections to the ancient Gematrian/Code system. Jimi reports: **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** I had a powerful lucid dream that lead me to research alien life and sacred sites and especially an Earth Grid of sacred sites. The dream also gave me the info on where to look and a strange set of music wheels, which later turned out to be a most important piece of the puzzle. I met a man named Richard Hoagland in Los Angeles and I showed him one of the music wheels. He in turn gave me the phone number of a man named Carl Munck! Well, the rest is history, or should I say ancient history. James June 30, 1998 **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **The Special Number 153** **By Joseph E. Mason** ![](golddmd.gif) Several years ago, I read a book about Greek Gematria called ***[Jesus Christ, Sun of God](http://phanes.com/sungod.html)***, by David Fideler. He explains where the Biblical story about the [153 fish in the net](http://www.greatdreams.com/numbers/jerry/153.htm) (John 21) came from. As a source, he refers to John Michell's ***City of Revelation***. The story was taken from prior Greek works, which demonstrated names and numbers which were crafted to reflect geometrical diagrams with cosmological significance. The Greek words for "FISHES" and "THE NET" both equate in Greek Gematria to the number 1224, and 153 is 1/8 of this amount. In the Biblical story, then, Simon and his other six fishermen correspond to a circle with [six interlocking rings with a central circle inside](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flower_of_Life). This also forms an six-petal flower-like shape inside the central circle, like "[The Flower of Life](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flower_of_Life)." As the story continues, more geometric shapes are added, one of which is a grid of diamond shapes forming a larger diamond. This is the "NET" in the story. A vertical measurement is 153 and the horizontal is 265. This demonstrates a number very close to the square root of three by 265 / 153. It was quite a synchronicity when I received a letter from Jimi with this information: ![](twst_bar.gif) **153** **Music, Stonehenge and The Great Pyramid** **by James Furia** ![](golddmd.gif) D# = 152.89924 cycles per second, the augmented 4th from its root "A." This interval was outlawed a few hundred years ago. Divide by pi = the radius of the inner circle of Stonehenge. Multiplied by pi = height of the Great Pyramid. Also, this note is extremely close to the number 153, an ancient Pythagorean story problem that we of "The Code" have solved. Found in The Bible, John Chap 21, Jesus returns from the dead and mentions this highly significant number to some of the apostles. What we discovered recently is that the entrance to the Great Pyramid is at the 17th course (level) 1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10+11+12+13+14+15+16+17 = 153 17 X 9 (total pyramids at the Giza complex) = 153 204 (total courses of stone on the Great Pyramid) / 1.3333333(a 4th in music intervals) = 153 360 feet up the Great Pyramid is the 153rd course The length of the grand gallery inside the Great Pyramid is 153 feet 153 + 513 = 666 6 x 6 x 6 = 216(new standard) 315 + 351 = 666 2160 miles is the diameter of the moon 135 + 531 = 666 (not the devil but astronomy) 1 and 5 and 3 are the degrees in a scale used to make a chord James Furia \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **September 11, 2004 Update** [The Number 153 - The Symbolism and Spiritual Significance](http://www.greatdreams.com/153.htm) [17 Fish, the Bible and the Stars](http://www.greatdreams.com/constellations/17-fish.htm) [153 Fish in the Net - The Logos and Carmen Christi](http://www.bibleonly.org/exp/24q.html) [John 21, 153 fish, Verses](http://web.archive.org/web/20030818003129/http://www.jesus8880.com/chapters/john+21/jn21v1b.htm) [153 Fish - 2448 units - John 21b](http://web.archive.org/web/20030818003129/http://www.jesus8880.com/chapters/john+21/jn21v1b.htm) [Omphalos - crystalinks.com](http://www.crystalinks.com/omphalos.html) [Omphalos, Arcs & Archetypes, Tree Of Life](http://www.crystalinks.com/omphalosarcs.html) [Ancient Numbers & Geometry](http://www.kheraha.co.uk/power.html) ![](twst_bar.gif) **Joe's Extra Note Concerning 153** ![](golddmd.gif) Notice that 153 and 1224 add to nine and are divisible by nine. Also note that 306 (2 x 153) is an "in-between/666 tangent" number, and that 612 (4 x 153) is a regular Gematrian number (evenly divisible by 36), as is 1224. Remember too, that 612 was one of Carl's "sine wave" numbers - not part of the ancient systems he had found, but a "fill-in" number to complete the order of the sine waves. ![](twst_bar.gif) **Links to James Furia's Articles** ![](golddmd.gif) The Laura Lee Radio Show site has some information about Jimi at: [James Furia at the Laura Lee Radio Site](http://www.lauralee.com/geomusic.htm) Jimi created his own web site at: [James Furia Geomusic Site](http://www.myspace.com/jamesfuria) Jimi's music theory involves 432 tuning. Our "Code" friend, [Charles Johnson](http://www.earthmatrix.com/), now has an article about the subject at: [The Octave: Tuning at A432 or F432](http://www.earthmatrix.com/piano/octave.htm) (and James Furia's Keyboard) ![](twst_bar.gif) **The Crop Circle Connection** By Joseph E. Mason ![](golddmd.gif) In 1997 an [article](http://www.greatdreams.com/gem7.htm) appeared in a crop circle journal, written by two German researchers. By measuring and analyzing the various distances of the crop circle formations, they discovered that ancient numbers were revealed. They did not use the term "Gematrian," but the numbers are basically the same. Other crop circle researchers have noted the significance of the [number nine](http://www.halexandria.org/dward091.htm) in the crop formations. Nine and multiples of nine show up in dimensions, angles and distances between crop formations and various sites. Carl Munck has written a few articles about the crop circles and possible Code connections. I have found a number of connections, other than the ones noted in the above article. A notable connection was the [Double-Helix/DNA Formation of 1996](http://www.lucypringle.co.uk/photos/1996/uk1996ak.shtml), which was 648 feet in length. For a number of years the Mayan Daykeeper, Hunbatz Men, has been speaking about great earth changes coming. He said the prophecies indicate that the changes involve a "DNA repair." He has been involved in "activating" the ancient sites, as part of this process. While searching the internet for information about various the subjects in these articles, I found a page that speaks of [Crop Circles and Mayan Time](http://spiritnetwork.com/insights/cropmay.html). In 1997 a "Grid" crop formation appeared, which may be related to the Mayan system. An article was written about it called, [The Strange Attractor Crop Formation and the End of Time](http://www.greatdreams.com/strng.htm). We will be presenting all this information on these pages in the weeks and months ahead. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Update: Our first article about the crop circle connections is now included in this series, as Part Seven (see Index below). ![](twst_bar.gif) **Code Update** We began a communication with Gary Val Tenuta in August 1998. Gary is learning about The Code and the Gematria number system, but he has extensive experience in working with numbers and codes. Some of his work involves our own English alphabet, which also seems to have a code within it. We find Gary's input of great interest. There are a number of similarities to ancient Gematria, such as the number nine "revealing itself." Gary has a fine web site at: [Synchronicity City](http://www.secretofnine.com/) My partner, Dee Finney, has been involved in our discussion and research of numbers since 1997. She has been quite helpful in presenting these pages in various ways. Joseph E. Mason September 8, 1998 ![](twst_bar.gif) **The Great Pyramid and 432 - Confirmation from *The Message of the Sphinx*** I recently found a confirmation of "The Code," in ***The Message of the Sphinx***, by Graham Hancock and Robert Bauval (pages 37, 38): > > "Also 'almost impossible', since the mathematical value of > ***pi*** (3.14) is not supposed to have been calculated by any > civilization until the Greeks stumbled upon it in the third century BC, is > the fact the designed height of the Great Pyramid - 481.3949 feet - bears > the same relationship to its base perimeter (3023.16 feet) as does the > circumference of any circle to its radius. > > > Equally 'impossible' - at any rate for a people like the ancient Egyptians > who are supposed to have known nothing about the true shape and size of our > planet - is the relationship, in a scale of 1 : 43,200, that exists between > the dimensions of the Pyramid and the dimensions of the earth. Setting > aside for the moment the question of whether we are dealing with coincidence > here, it is a simple fact, verifiable on any pocket calculator, that if you > take the monument's original height (481.3949 feet) and multiply it by 43,200 > you get a quotient of 3938.685 miles. This is an underestimate by just 11 > miles of the true figure for the polar radius of the earth (3949 miles) worked > out by the best modern methods. Likewise, if you take the monument's > perimeter at the base (3023.16 feet) and multiply this figure by 43,200 then > you get 24,734.94 miles - a result that is within 170 miles of the true > equatorial circumference of the earth (24,902 miles). Moreover, although > 170 miles sounds quite a lot, it amounts, in relation to the earth's total > circumference, to a minus-error of only three quarters of a single per cent." > > Joseph E. Mason August 15, 1998 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **August 14, 2004 Update** with minor updates April 23, 2005 This is the first update of this page since July 2, 2001. Many things have changed over these three years. Our original group of "Code" broke up, in that we seldom exchange information as we did in the past. There is still some communication, and various other interested individuals have shared information about number systems and related matters. Jerry Iuliano contributes advanced scientific relations to the ancient numbers: **[Jerry Iuliano Index](http://www.greatdreams.com/numbers/jerry/jindex.htm)** Robert Grace kept extensive archives of e-mail exchanges and other material: [Impossible Correspondence](http://www.greatdreams.com/grace/) William Downie has shared his findings: [The New Bible Code - The Second Coming of Jesus Christ](http:/www.thenewbiblecode.co.uk/) William (Bill) has found that there is a code within the New Testament wherein letters of the English language are designed to be read as numbers. He also demonstrates how various numbers are associated with certain geometric shapes, such as triangles and snowflake fractal designs. Norma Smith has been inspired to develop an extensive theory of the alpahnumerics of the English Language: [Universal Harmonics and Universal Harmonics Analysis](http://universalharmonics.homestead.com/files/index.htm) ![](twst_bar.gif) **December 7, 2008 Update** Minor changes to the text of this article were made. All links were checked and dead links were deleted. Extra hyperlinks were added. A controversy started years ago that relates to these pages -- specifically the articles by Michael Morton. I learned second-hand that Carl Munck was critical of Michael's coding methods. I gathered that Michael was skipping one of the first steps most of the time. That step involves developing a set of numbers based on the geometry of the specific ancient site. In the Stonehenge example above, the set of numbers are 60 stones in a 360 degree circle, indicating 60 x 360 = 21600. I did not want to be the "judge" of the argument, so I did not make any related changes to this site. For the time being, Michael's writings will remain as is, but keep in mind that they fall short according to Carl. I may remove Michael's writings in the future. ![](chainlin.gif) [Return to top of page](#Top) **References For Part One** **Web sites with Code-Related Material** [PyramidMatrix.com, by Carl P. Munck](http://www.pyramidmatrix.com/) [The Work of Carl P. Munck: The Code by Charles William Johnson](http://www.earthmatrix.com/munck/extrac16.htm) [CARL MUNCK ON LAURA LEE SITE](http://www.lauralee.com/munck.htm) [LAURA LEE CARL MUNCK ARTICLES](http://www.lauralee.com/articles/code.htm) [Archeocryptography According to Carl Munck Atlantis Rising Article, by Laura Lee](http://atlantisrising.com/issue9/ar9archeocrypto.html) [Prophet or Dreamer - Only the Future Will Tell](http://www.sun-herald.com/NewsArchive2/112998/NP5.HTM) Sun-Herald Article Carl Munk's available works can be ordered from: Internet Marketing NW 40 Lake Bellevue, Suite 100 Bellevue, WA 98005 Telephone: 206-412-9789 E-Mail: info@internetmarketingnw.com \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ [Return to top of page](#Top) **Related Sites** [Decoding the Stones](http://www.decodingthestones.fslife.co.uk/main.htm) Decoding the Mysteries of the Standing Stones Gridman [The Cycle of Time Number 432](http://www.greatdreams.com/432.htm) [The Antikythera Mechanism](http://www.greatdreams.com/numbers/jerry/antmec/antmec.htm) Converting To Ancient Gematria Numbers By Jerry Iuliano [The Pleiades and the Seventh Ray on the Seventh Day](http://www.greatdreams.com/sisters.htm) (108 x 120 = 12960, Six Ages) [All About 2012](http://www.greatdreams.com/2012.htm) (The Mayan Cycle is Gematrian: 13 x 144000 = 1872000 days ) [Great Cross of North America](http://www.scatterdome.com/howell.htm) (Alignments of Ancient Sites and Crop Circles Jim Prange, Peter Champoux, Jeff Wilson) [Note: I do no agree with the conspiracy theories] [Sacred Numbers to Resuscitate the Dead - Lazarus and Awakening the Sleeping Giant](http://www.greatdreams.com/crop/lazarus/lazarus.htm) (288 + 156 = 444, 72 + 39 = 111, 72 x 39 = 2808 Key) [82944 (288^2) & the Four Fundamental Forces & the God Particle](http://dgleahy.com/dgl/p22.html) [Report on a (Room Key 2808) Dream & Related Matters & the God Particle](http://dgleahy.com/dgl/p06.html) [Ohio's Serpent Mound, Python of Pythagoras?](http://web.archive.org/web/20030607010721/greatserpentmound.org/articles/python.html) by Ross Hamilton [The Crop Circle Music Wheel](http://www.greatdreams.com/numbers/music/joemusic.htm) [The Symbolism and Spiritual Significance of the Number 153](http://www.greatdreams.com/153.htm) [Creation Numbers](http://www.greatdreams.com/joestuff/numbers/sqrddif/sqrdif.htm) The Differences in the Squares of Mirror Numbers and the Relation to Solfeggio Music Numbers (Related to the DNA Healing Frequencies) [11:11 - The Audio](http://www.greatdreams.com/radio/ryan/1111/ryan1111.htm) [11:11 - What Does it Mean?](http://www.greatdreams.com/numbers/1111/1111.htm) [Miami - Home of the Mayans? By Dee Finney](http://www.greatdreams.com/mayan.htm) All About The Newly-Discovered Miami Stone Circle [432 : Cosmic Key](http://web.archive.org/web/20030611100451/http://www.wordmax.com/gallery432/) [Gematria, Words, Numbers, God](http://www.asis.com/users/stag/gematria.htm) The works of Bonnie Gaunt [Harmonic Dimensions – The Architecture of the One](http://www.divinecosmos.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=56&Itemid=36) By David Wilcock [Global Grid Two: Hyperdimensional Crystals In Planets](http://www.divinecosmos.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=67&Itemid=36) by David Wilcock [Ancient Celtic New Zealand](http://www.celticnz.co.nz/articles.html) [Stonehenge pt 1 (288, PHI, & other Gematria)](http://www.celticnz.co.nz/US9.html) [G7 ENCRYPTION CODES](http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Estates/2960/G7_encryption.html) [Reflections in Time - The Great Pyramid](http://www.biblebelievers.org.au/pyramid.htm) By John Tatler [The Great Pyramid David Pratt](http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/dp5/pyramid.htm) [THE GREAT PYRAMID By Charles William Johnson](http://www.earthmatrix.com/serie77/pyramid.htm) [Places of Peace and Power Martin Gray](http://www.sacredsites.com/2nd56/378.html) [Ancient Pi: Knowers of the Universe By Charles William Johnson](http://www.earthmatrix.com/ancient/pi.htm) [The Great Pyramid: Measurements By Charles William Johnson](http://www.earthmatrix.com/great/pyramid.htm) [Computers and the Ancient Reckoning System By Charles William Johnson](http://www.earthmatrix.com/computer/extract9.htm) [Earth/matriX - Science in Ancient Artwork](http://www.earthmatrix.com/) [Charles Johnson's Main Page](http://www.earthmatrix.com/) [IS SOUND BEHIND THE CREATION OF CROP CIRCLES? by Freddy Silva](http://www.cropcircleconnector.com/anasazi/sounds1.html) [Mathematical Codes Found in The Bible - The works of Dr. Ivan Panin](http://www.direct.ca/trinity/part1.html) [PI in the Bible](http://www.abarim-publications.com/Bible_Commentary/Pi_In_The_Bible.html) [Star of Bethlehem, magi, pyramid, astrology, pi,](http://www.templeofsolomon.org/~johnboy/christpi.htg/christpi.htm) [Gridpoint - Mapping the World Grid](http://www.worldgrid.net/) Bruce Cathie [A History of Measures by Livio C. Stecchini](http://www.metrum.org/measures/index.htm) [Why Study Metrology?](http://www.metrum.org/measures/whystud.htm) (A spiritual dimension to weights and measures) [The Stone-Age Science-Art - Secrets of the Pentagon](http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Lab/5586/index.html) Jiri Mruzek [Stone Pages - A Guide to European megaliths & Archaeological sites](http://www.stonepages.com/) [Ancient American Archaeology](http://ancientamerican.com/) [Leyline Quest](http://www.geocities.com/leylinequest/) [The Enterprise Mission](http://www.enterprisemission.com/) [PLANETARY ANOMALIES THE MARS/MOON/ANCIENT SITES CONNECTIONS](http://www.greatdreams.com/mars.htm) [ANCIENT AND LOST CIVILIZATIONS](http://www.crystalinks.com/ancient.html) [Underwater Pyramids](http://www.cyberspaceorbit.com/phikent/japan/japan2.html) Yonaguni, Japan [Team Atlantis - Underwater Monuments](http://www.teamatlantis.com/) [Theomatics - Numerical Structure in the Bible](http://www.theomatics.com/theomatics/struct.html) [360 - The Trial](http://www.highdown.reading.sch.uk/highdown/pupil/time/calendars/360.html) For a period during historical times, did the year, as well as the calendar, contained twelve lunar cycles that averaged 30 days, resulting in a total of 360 days for both lunar and solar year length [Sacred Crops: Sacred Space & Crop Circles Mid-Atlantic Geomancy](http://www.geomancy.org/sacred-space/new-sacred-spaces/sacred-crops/index.html) [Missouri Mystery Mound](http://www.edenseve.net/missouri_mystery_mound.New%20Home.htm) [Palenque](http://www.greatdreams.com/mayan/palenque.htm) [Numbers Database](http://www.greatdreams.com/numbers_database.htm) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ [Return to top of page](#Top) **Useful Resources** [Google Maps](http://maps.google.com/maps) [Google Earth](http://earth.google.com/) [TerraServer - Satellite Images of Earth](http://terraserver.microsoft.com/) [Converting Latitude/Longitude to Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)](http://www.gpsy.com/gpsinfo/geotoutm/index.html) [Coordinate Systems Overview](http://www.colorado.edu/geography/gcraft/notes/coordsys/coordsys_f.html) [Global Positioning System Overview](http://www.colorado.edu/geography/gcraft/notes/gps/gps.html) [MapHist - History of Cartography](http://cartography.geog.uu.nl/explokart/index.html) [GORP - Archeological and Cultural Sites](http://www.gorp.com/gorp/resource/archaeol/main.htm) [Sacred Geometry - Bruce Rawles](http://www.geometrycode.com/sg/index.shtml) [Wolfram MathWorld](http://mathworld.wolfram.com/) The web's most extensive mathematics resource [Prime Factor Calculator](http://www.easycalculation.com/prime-factor.php) [Isopsephia Calculator](http://www.cs.utk.edu/~mclennan/BA/Isopsephia.html) Greek, Roman, Hebrew Gematria [Hebrew Gematria Calculator](http://www.botaineurope.org/gema/gemaE.html) [Web Math](http://www.webmath.com/) (figure triangles, etc.) [Calculate Duration Between Two Dates](http://www.timeanddate.com/date/duration.html) [Google Language Tools](http://www.google.com/language_tools) (paste in the text or the URL address of the page, then choose the language) [Translate Languages With AltaVista](http://babelfish.altavista.digital.com/cgi-bin/translate?) (Babel Fish) ![](twst_bar.gif) **End of Part One** If you have any questions or comments, e-mail Joe Mason at [JMason4557@aol.com](mailto:JMason4557@aol.com) This page was last updated on December 7, 2008 This page was previously updated on August 23, 2005 This links were checked last on December 7, 2008 The URL of this page is: http://www.greatdreams.com/gem1.htm [View this page as it was in the past](http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.greatdreams.com/gem1.htm) ![](twst_bar.gif) [Return to top of page](#Top) **INDEX** **[PART TWO](http://www.greatdreams.com/gem2.htm)** Articles by Michael Lawrence Morton Article One: The Face' at Cydonia on Mars Article Two: Rennes Le Chateau and Bethlehem Article Three: "Faces" On Earth And Mars Article Four: Major Discovery - Phi, 18 And Poussin's Secret **[PART THREE](http://www.greatdreams.com/gem3.htm)** The Panther Mound and Sphinx Connection By Michael Lawrence Morton First Article: Carl P. Munck and Zecharia Sitchin RE : The Great Sphinx Second Article: Another Sphinx Mystery (and Panther Mound) **[PART FOUR](http://www.greatdreams.com/gem4.htm)** Dream of the Gematrian Wheel and Carl Munck's Response By Joseph E. Mason **[PART FIVE](http://www.greatdreams.com/gem5.htm)**The King's Chamber and the Sarcophagus of the Great Pyramid By Michael Lawrence Morton with Contributions from James Furia and Joseph E. Mason **[PART SIX](http://www.greatdreams.com/gem6.htm)** Three Articles: The Sphinx, Two Fountains Of Youth, And The King's Chamber By James Furia Looking At Coral Castle By Michael Lawrence Morton It is Painfully Obvious There is a Unified Theory in the Mathematical Grid of the Ancient Ones by James Furia [**PART SEVEN**](http://www.greatdreams.com/gem7.htm) The Crop Circle Connection by Joseph E. Mason **[PART EIGHT](http://www.greatdreams.com/gem8.htm)** The Great Sphinx Knows Earth's 'Polar Dimensions' by Michael Lawrence Morton **[PART NINE](http://www.greatdreams.com/gem9.htm)** Some Pittsburgh Area 'Code Sites' by Michael Lawrence Morton **[PART TEN](http://www.greatdreams.com/gem10.htm)** Gettysburg, Pennsylvania "Code" Connections by Michael Lawrence Morton **[PART ELEVEN](http://www.greatdreams.com/gem11.htm)** (an article about the newly-discovered Miami Stone Circle) Miami: The home Of The Mayans? by Dee Finney With Decoding by Michael Lawrence Morton **[PART TWELVE](http://www.greatdreams.com/gem12.htm)** Looking At Coral Castle By Dee Finney with Michael Lawrence Morton **[PART THIRTEEN](http://www.greatdreams.com/gem13.htm)** by Dee Finney New Bible Codes Discovered! Vibration Rates for Creation and Destruction! From: "Healing Codes for the Biological Apocalypse" by Dr Leonard Horowitz and Dr Joseph Puleo ![](twst_bar.gif) Thanks to Ender Design, Inc. for the free graphics from Realm Graphics [![](lnk_rg.gif)](http://www.ender-design.com/) [Return to the Crop Circle Index](http://www.greatdreams.com/crpcirc.htm) [Return to Joe Mason Index](http://www.greatdreams.com/joestuff/interp/joeindex.htm) [**Return to Dreams of the Great Earth Changes**](http://www.greatdreams.com) [Return to top of page](#Top)

http://www.greatdreams.com/gem1.htm

<HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>Carolyn's Creations </TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY TEXT="#006400" BGCOLOR="#fff7d7" LINK="#FF6633" VLINK="#8A2BE2" ALINK="#00FF00"> <table align=left><tr> <td width=150> <font face="comic sans ms" size=2> <a href="index.html" title="Home"><B>HOME</a><BR></B> <font face="comic sans ms" size=2> <BR> <a href="Whatsnew.htm" target="_BLANK" title="New">What's New</a><BR> <a href="index.html#NFO" title="Info">Important Info</a><BR> <a href="index.html#ACK" title="Acknowledgements">Acknowledgements</a><BR> <a href="flowers.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Flowers">Gifts from friends</a><BR> <a href="aboutme.htm" target="_BLANK" title="About me">About me</a><BR> <a href="links.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Links to other sites with info etc">Links and Contact</a><BR> <a href="Justforlaughs.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Just for laughs">Pointless Info</a><BR> <a href="orbs.htm" target="_BLANK" title="orbs">Pet Orbs!</a><BR> <a href="cyberpets.htm" target="_BLANK" 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Playscenes</a><BR> <a href="p5clothes.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Petz 5 Clothes">Petz 5 Clothes</a><BR> <a href="p5toyz.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Petz 5 Toyz">Petz 5 Toyz</a><BR> <B>Breedz:</B><BR> <a href="p5breedz.htm" target="_BLANK" title="New Petz 5 Breedz">New P5 Breedz</a><BR> <a href="tutbreedz.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Tutorial Breedz">P5 Tutorial Breedz</a><BR> <a href="c5breedz.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Catz 5 Breedz">Catz 5 Breedz</a><BR> <a href="d5breedz.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Dogz 5 Breedz">Dogz 5 Breedz</a><BR> <a href="Catbehaviours.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Catz behaviours">Catz in dogz 5</a><BR> <a href="Dogbehaviours.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Dogz behaviours">Dogz in catz 5</a><BR> <B>For Easy LNZ:</B><BR> <a href="c5breeded.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Orig C 5 Breedz">Orig C5 Breedz</a><BR> <a href="d5breeded.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Orig D 5 Breedz">Orig D5 Breedz</a><BR> <BR> <B>Petz 4:</B><BR> <a href="p4clothes.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Petz 4 Clothes">Petz 4 Clothes</a><BR> <a href="p4toyz.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Petz 4 Toyz">Petz 4 Toyz</a><BR> <a href="p4hosts.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Petz 4 Hosts">Petz 4 Hosts</a><BR> <a href="p4playscene.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Petz 4 Playscene">Petz 4 Playscene</a><BR> <B>Breedz:</B><BR> <a href="p4breedz.htm" target="_BLANK" title="New Petz 4 Breedz">New P4 Breedz</a><BR> <a href="tutbreedz.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Tutorial Breedz">P4 Tutorial Breedz</a><BR> <a href="c4breedz.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Catz 4 Breedz">Catz 4 Breedz</a><BR> <a href="d4breedz.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Dogz 4 Breedz">Dogz 4 Breedz</a><BR> <a href="Catbehaviours.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Catz behaviours">Catz in dogz 4</a><BR> <a href="Dogbehaviours.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Dogz behaviours">Dogz in catz 4</a><BR> <B>For Easy LNZ:</B><BR> <a href="c4breeded.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Orig C 4 Breedz">Orig C4 Breedz</a><BR> <a href="d4breeded.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Orig D 4 Breedz">Orig D4 Breedz</a><BR> <BR> <BR> <B>Petz 3:</B><BR> <a href="p3hosts.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Hosts for Petz 3">Hosts for Petz 3</a><BR> <a href="p3clothes.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Petz 3 Clothes">Petz 3 Clothes</a><BR> <a href="p3toyz.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Petz 3 Toyz">Petz 3 Toyz</a><BR> <a href="p3playscene.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Petz 3 Playscene">Petz 3 Playscene</a><BR> <a href="downloabx/official/p3official.htm" target="main" title="Official downloads for Petz 3">Official DLs</a><BR> <B>Breedz:</B><BR> <a href="p3breedz.htm" target="_BLANK" title="New Petz 3 Breedz">New P3 Breedz</a><BR> <a href="tutbreedz.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Tutorial Breedz">P3 Tutorial Breedz</a><BR> <a href="c3breedz.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Catz 3 Breedz">Catz 3 Breedz</a><BR> <a href="d3breedz.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Dogz 3 Breedz">Dogz 3 Breedz</a><BR> <a href="Catbehaviours.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Catz behaviours">Catz in dogz 3</a><BR> <a href="Dogbehaviours.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Dogz behaviours">Dogz in catz 3</a><BR> <B>For Easy LNZ:</B><BR> P3 English versions<BR> <a href="c3breeded.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Orig C 3 Breedz">Orig C3 Breedz</a><BR> <a href="d3breeded.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Orig D 3 Breedz">Orig D3 Breedz</a><BR> P3 Non-English<BR> <a href="c3intbreeded.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Orig C 3 Breedz">Orig C3 Breedz</a><BR> <a href="d3intbreeded.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Orig D 3 Breedz">Orig D3 Breedz</a><BR> <BR> <B>Petz II:</B><BR> <a href="p2breedz.htm" target="_BLANK" title="New Petz II Breedz">New PII Breedz</a><BR> <a href="c2breedz.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Catz II Breedz">Catz II Breedz</a><BR> <a href="d2breedz.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Dogz II Breedz">Dogz II Breedz</a><BR> <a href="Catbehaviours.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Catz behaviours">Catz in dogz II</a><BR> <a href="Dogbehaviours.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Dogz behaviours">Dogz in catz II</a><BR> <a href="madscientist.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Petz II demo">Petz II Demo</a><BR> <a href="madscientist.htm" target="_BLANK" title="PII demo fooler">Demo Fooler</a><BR> <a href="madscientist.htm" target="_BLANK" title="PII modified exe">Modified exe</a><BR> <a href="p2toyz.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Petz II Toyz">Petz II Toyz</a><BR> <a href="p2playscene.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Petz II Scenes">Petz II Scene</a><BR> <BR> <B>Petz 1:</B><BR> <a href="catz1dex.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Catz 1 Breedz">Catz 1 Fooler</a><BR> <a href="c1breedz.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Catz 1 Breedz">Catz 1 Breedz</a><BR> <a href="d1breedz.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Dogz 1 Breedz">Dogz 1 Breedz</a><BR> <a href="Dogz1Fooler.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Dogz 1 Breedz">Dogz 1 Fooler</a><BR> <a href="Catz1mice.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Catz 1 Mice">Catz 1 Mice</a><BR><BR> <B>Oddballz:</B><BR> <a href="oddballz.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Oddballz">Oddballz</a><BR> <a href="oddballzedit.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Oddballz Easy">Player Easy Kits</a><BR> <a href="oddballzedit.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Oddballz Editing">Hexer Easy-edits</a><BR> <a href="oddballzedit.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Oddballz Fixes">Oddballz fixes</a><BR> <BR> <B>Babyz:</B><BR> <a href="babyznewest.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Newest Babyz">Newest Babyz</a><BR> <a href="babyznew.htm" target="_BLANK" title="New Babyz">Newer Babyz</a><BR> <a href="babyz-1.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Babyz Hexies">Old Babyz Hexies</a><BR> <a href="BabyzGlasses.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Babyz Glasses">Babyz Glasses</a><BR> <a href="BabyzHarem.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Babyz harem">Harem sets</a><BR> <a href="babyzclothes.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Babyz Clothez">Babyz Clothes</a><BR> <a href="babyzplayscene.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Babyz Playscenes">Babyz Playscenes</a><BR> <a href="babyztoyz.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Babyz Toyz">Babyz Toyz</a><BR> <a href="babyzedit.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Babyz Editing">Babyz Easy-edit <BR>and fixes</a><BR> <a href="babyzplay.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Play with a Babyz Online">Play Online</a><BR><BR> <B>NOT BY ME:</B> <BR> <a href="http://www.stevehornsc.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/carolyn/index.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Off-site special breedz">Off-site specials</a> <BR> <a href="p3playscenz.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Old Petz 3 Scenes">Old Petz 3 Scenes</a> <BR> <a href="finfin/finfin.htm" target="_BLANK" title="Fin Fin">Fin Fin</a> <P> </FONT> . <P> . </td> </tr> </table> <table align=center> <tr> <td BGCOLOR="#fff7d7" width=500> <center> <font face="comic sans ms" size=2> <FONT SIZE=3> <div align=center> <P> <B><FONT COLOR="#006400"><img src="Phantarella.gif" alt="Welcome to Carolyn's Creations!"></a></B> </FONT> <FONT SIZE=3> <P><B> <a href="#NEW">Download info</a>... <a href="#NFO">Important Info</a>... <a href="#ACK">Acknowledgements</a> <P></B> </td> </tr> </table> <font face="comic sans ms" size=2> <center> <FONT COLOR="#810541"><FONT SIZE=3> <br>**On behalf of my dear friend, Carolyn and myself, <br>I'd like to give a HUGE THANKS to Arie for now hosting Carolyn's Creations! <br> -Sue Briley <br><br> <BR> My lovely Guardian Angel Cat logo was a gift from <a href="http://www.geocities.com/fbkc5" target="_TOP">Thowraa's FBKC</a> <FONT SIZE=2> <BR>Click <a href="Phantarella.html" target="_TOP">here </a> if you'd like to see Phantarella in action. You'll need the <a href="PetzPlayer.exe">Petz player plug-in (click)</a>, and the latest browsers won't support that. So unless you already have Netscape, you also need to download <a href="Netscape4Installfiles.zip">Netscape Commander 4 (click)</a>. Unzip and install Netscape, it won't affect any of your other browsers. Choose to install the included cosmo Player if it asks, because then you'll be able to play with the Catz 1 <a href="catz1/dream.htm"> Catz World </a>! Then double-click on the Player to install it and you'll be able to play with Phantarella. <BR> </FONT></FONT> <FONT FACE="Comic Sans MS" size=2> <CENTER> <BR> This is an archive of all the items that I have ever hex-edited or converted for the various P.F.Magic Petz, Oddballz and Babyz games. It also includes my stuff for Petz 5 which was created in 2002 by Studio Mythos and is in the same style as the older games. The websites for these games are now gone -- the new Dogz, Catz etc games which you see at <a href="http://www.petz.com/" target="_TOP">Ubisoft's Petz </a> site, and the various girly games for Nintendo DS at <a href="http://www.babyz.net/" target="_TOP"> their "Babyz.net" </a> site are in no way similar to the original Petz etc games and are not covered in my tutorials. I also do not have downloads for any Ubisoft games created from 2006 onwards. All that I have for you of those later games is my <a href="Petz6.htm" target="main" title="Catz and Dogz 2006">Info Only</a> page, which may be useful for anyone wanting to "hex" or modify the PC versions of those games. <P> <FONT SIZE=3> <FONT COLOR="#810541"> <B> People with Dogz-only or Catz-only parts of the Petz games please read</B> <FONT SIZE=2> <BR>If you want one of my breedz, <B>please</B> don't ask me to convert between dogz and catz games -- instead, download the relevant package from my "Cat species in dogz" or "Dog species in catz" pages, read the instructions carefully and install it. That will fool the game, and you can then download and play with my various species etc. <P> <FONT SIZE=3> <B>NOTE for site owners</B>: <BR> <FONT SIZE=2> please do <B>not</B> directly link to the files or pictures at my site. I have no objection to anyone putting my breedz up elsewhere, provided that you put an acknowledgement also that they are my work. The same applies to my tutorials, although a link instead to my tutorials page would be a better idea as I am always in process of updating them. <FONT SIZE=3> <P> Please note that my site has moved to <a href="http://boardwalkerz.com/carolyn/" target="_TOP">Boardwalkerz</a> thanks to Sue Briley's generosity. <BR>I've left these few pages at the old site, with grateful thanks to Abby, so that people know where to go for my files. Bless you, Abby, for hosting my monster of a site for so long! <P> Registered with<BR> <a href=http://go2sam.home.att.net/ibs.html target="_blank"> <IMG SRC="reg.jpg" ALT="IBS" BORDER=0><BR>Independent Breederz Society</a> <P> <a href=http://www.geocities.com/boxedluvz2/ target="_blank"> <IMG SRC="Breed_AlleyLover.gif" ALT="Breed-lover" BORDER=1></a> <FONT COLOR="#006400"> <A NAME="NEW"></A><BR> <BR> <B>The "What's new" section has moved to its own page. Click <a href="Whatsnew.htm" target="_TOP">here</a></B> to go to it <BR><BR> <a href="http://boardwalkerz.com/carolyn/" target="_TOP">Where my site is now</a></B><BR> <FONT SIZE=2> Thanks to Abby of <a href="http://www.thepetzwarehouse.com" target="_TOP">the Petzwarehouse</a> for kindly hosting my site for so long, without complaint as it grew and grew... And thanks and big hugs to Sue of <a href="http://boardwalkerz.com" target="_TOP">Petz Boardwalk</a> for so generously providing mirror space for several months, and now taking on the whole burden. <BR>If my site goes down at any time -- Eeeek! -- pop along to <a href="http://www.stevehornsc.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/carolyn/index.htm" target="_TOP">this page</a>, where I'll keep you informed of whatever is going on. <BR><BR> <FONT SIZE=3> <FONT FACE="Comic Sans MS"> <FONT SIZE=3> <center> <FONT COLOR="#810541"> <B>Download problems? Read here</B><BR> <FONT COLOR="#810541"> ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ </FONT> </FONT> <BR> <FONT COLOR="#006400"> <FONT SIZE=3> <P> <FONT COLOR="#810541"> <FONT SIZE=2> <B>PLEASE READ IF YOU HAVE DOWNLOAD PROBLEMS <br>or my files confuse you: </B> <BR>If you have problems downloading a file from this site... right-click on it and choose "save link as" or "save target as" (whichever your browser says), follow the dialogue box which opens in order to save it to a place on your hard drive (usually the Desktop), then open it afterwards. Please do not write to me about any files which "have nothing in them" unless you have tried this method. <BR>The Petz 3, 4 and 5 breedfiles are all sound-stripped. I've produced external sounds for all the original breedz as well as most of my "species" or "fantasy" breedz so that you can choose whether to download the sounds or play with the files mute. <BR> </FONT> <A NAME="NFO"></A> <P> </FONT><FONT SIZE=3> <center> <FONT COLOR="#810541"> <B>Important Information</B> <BR> ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ </FONT> </FONT> <BR> <FONT COLOR="#810541"> <FONT SIZE=2> Windows XP, Windows 2000 (or NT), Windows ME users, and people who have some update to their system that is beyond mine -- if you have some problem with my breedz that I cannot duplicate on either my Windows 95 or my husband's plain Windows 98 system, then I cannot help you. If I am able to duplicate the problem, then there is something wrong with the file that I can (I hope) fix and of course I shall do my best to do so. If I am not able to duplicate it, then there is nothing wrong with the file and it is some mysterious problem related to an incomprehensible alchemy between your operating system and/or game and my file so I cannot fix it. Sorry. The only thing I can suggest is a possible fix for you to do for yourself; you'll find it <a href="downloabx/tutorials/crashingxp.htm" target="_TOP">here</a>. Windows XP with SP2 has special new quirks, woop-de-doo. WinXP is <B>bleurgh</B> and <B>Vista -- AAAARGH!!</B> *hugs nice comfy Win95 setup, warts an' all* <P> It came to my attention a while ago that there were Petz 5 versions of some of my breedz at Nicky's Petzfriends site, and that those versions have wrong ID numbers etc. Nicky and I eventually reached an agreement which should fix any problems that people may have with this. Read <a href="Petzfriendsite.htm">here </a> if you would like to know more about it, and about how to get your pets to breed if you downloaded one of the "conversions" from her site. <BR> Please note that you <B>do not need to convert</B> any of my breedz to Petz 5, I make them all available for that game myself. I shall not convert anyone else's breedz, I do not have the time, but I have "howtos" up for you to try or you can ask for help on the various forums. <P> Mac users (or anyone else with this problem) if you download files and get gibberish appearing in your browser, ending up with a corrupted file when you try to save it, try either downloading with a download manager or look in your browser's cache and copy it directly from there. The copy that's in your cache should not be corrupted. <BR> <BR> </FONT><FONT SIZE=3> <center> <FONT COLOR="#006400"> <B>What's Happening Here</B> <BR> ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ </FONT> </FONT> <BR> <FONT COLOR="#006400"> <FONT SIZE=2> <font face="Comic Sans MS"> I checked through this again, and a lot of stuff has changed, so this is the latest state of play: <P> There's a bunch of odd bits and pieces that I need to finish off, but I have no idea when I'll get the time to do so. Foolers for all of the games are now available at my Boardwalkerz site. <P> The Oddballz-to-petz line -- still got a bunch of Transformations to do. I intend to put them together as two or three more all-in-one breedz. These will probably be the last "full" breedz I shall ever make, plus one breed that I promised years ago and will probably never be finished, for someone who has already left the Petz Community 8-} <P> I need to finish off the LNZ breakdown chunks, with special attention to the Oddballz info which has been sadly neglected. I also need to gather together various other little howtos, and the breakdown of a .pet and .baby file, and make them as comprehensible as possible (hah!) so y'all can fix petz, game-crashes etc. <P> I no longer need to fix the oversize-pet corruptions, thanks to Nicholas' Tools. Yay for Petza! <P> I've continued to tidy up my tutorials pages; I really hope that people can find things now. The actual tutorials are mostly written some time ago and newer available tools etc (such as Tinker, LNZPro 2, my easy-edit kits) have made things easier, so some of the tuts are more complicated than they should be, but they are mostly still valid. <P> Through lack of time, and because I don't breed or show petz, I no longer research 2nd-gen problems, so it's up to all you guys and gals to find out any new quirks in that area. <P> I also do not, and never shall, make "exclusives" for individuals. Everything that I make is downloadable for all. To be honest, I cannot understand this modern fashion for exclusivity. My ethos has always been to make information and game modifications free for all. <P> Real Life and a steady stream of sweet, vulnerable foster-cats and kitties clamour for my attention almost constantly. Hexing and these games have to come second, and can only be done in small snatches of free time. So I don't take breed-making requests any more, I just don't have the time. Really, the answer has to be "no" to requests. However, anyone can try it nowadays, as there is a choice of several tools, including LNZPro and Pet Workshop, as well as the utilities at MK&C, Resource Hacker, and my own Easy-edit packages. <P> There are lots of good hexers out there on the Internet, some of whom are kind-hearted or will do requests, so if you cannot bear to try hexing yourself, just ask around the various message-boards and forums. Look in my links pages for some forums that you can start with. I know the links pages are badly out of date as of December 2006, but I don't have time to fix them right now. </font></font> <A NAME="ACK"></A><BR> <BR> <BR> </FONT><FONT SIZE=3> <center> <FONT COLOR="#810541"> <B>Acknowledgments</B> <BR> ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~<BR> </FONT> </FONT> <FONT COLOR="#810541"> <FONT SIZE=3> I'd like to thank Tom for the wonderful web pages that he maintained here for so long, and I'd like to thank Abby of the <a href="http://www.thepetzwarehouse.com/" target="_TOP">PetzWarehouse</a> for her patience and for providing the space to store these files for so many years. <P> Big thanks also to my pal Sue of <a href="http://boardwalkerz.com" target="_TOP">Petz Boardwalk</a> for coming to my rescue in the hard times, generously mirroring my lummox of a site, and finally hosting the whole shebang. <P> Thanks to Misty (aka Acid Chaos), for giving me the kick I needed to get interested in site making. Of her original design all that is left is the calculation of graphic sizes on the breedz pages -- left to myself, the graphics would have been all different sizes! Her original design was beautiful, but I couldn't see it in my favourite browser so in the end it had to go. But I am very grateful for her work, as without it I might never have repaired this site when we moved to the new server. <P> </FONT> </FONT> </FONT> <P> <BR> </BODY> </HTML>

Carolyn's Creations | | | --- | | [**HOME**](index.html "Home") [What's New](Whatsnew.htm "New") [Important Info](index.html#NFO "Info") [Acknowledgements](index.html#ACK "Acknowledgements") [Gifts from friends](flowers.htm "Flowers") [About me](aboutme.htm "About me") [Links and Contact](links.htm "Links to other sites with info etc") [Pointless Info](Justforlaughs.htm "Just for laughs") [Pet Orbs!](orbs.htm "orbs") [Cyberpets!](cyberpets.htm "cyberpets") **DOWNLOADS** **Info\Easy Kits:** [**TUTORIALS**](tutorials.htm "Tutorialz and Howtoz") General [**Vital LNZ info!!!**](downloabx/tutorials/tutorialbits/LNZdetails.htm "vital LNZ info") [Rough Pet Info](downloabx/tutorials/petbreakdown.htm "Rough Petfile breakdown") [Mad Scientist Page Special exes etc](madscientist.htm "Mad Scientist") For Petz [Petz Easy-edit](Petzedit.htm "Petz Editing") [Petz fixes](tutorials.htm "Petz Fixes") For Oddballz [Player Easy Kits](oddballzedit.htm "Oddballz Easy") [Hexer Easy-edits](oddballzedit.htm "Oddballz Editing") [Oddballz fixes](oddballzedit.htm "Oddballz Fixes") For Babyz [Babyz Easy-edit](babyzedit.htm "Babyz Editing") [Babyz fixes](babyzedit.htm "Babyz Fixes") **Specials:** [Nicholas' tools](NicholasTools.htm "Nicholas' utilities") (Petza/babyza, Tinker, LNZPro, PetWorkshop) [Team creations](collaborations.htm "Collaborations") [Sand'z Cat](sandzcat.htm "Sandz Cat") [Emoticon petz\breed](emoticonpetz1.htm "Emoticon petz") [Petz Litterz](litterz.htm "Petz Litterz") [Aquatic Petz\Babyz](SeaLife.htm "Aquatic Petz and Babyz") [Insect Petz\babyz](BugzLife.htm "Exoskeletal Petz and Babyz") [Spider Petz\babyz](BugzLife.htm "Exoskeletal Petz and Babyz") [People in Petz](PetzPeople.htm "Human-like Petz") [P3,4,5 LNZ breedz](Petz3-5LNZ.htm "Petz3-5 LNZ breedz") [C3,4,5 Easy mice](Catz345mice.htm "Catz3,4,5 mice") **Sounds:** [Species Sounds](sounds.htm "Special Petz Soundfiles") [Catz\Dogz Sounds](soundsorig.htm "Special Petz Soundfiles") **"Petz" 2006 & '08:** [Info only](Petz6.htm "Catz and Dogz 2006") The Ubisoft "Petz" **Petz 5:** [Hosts for Petz 5](p5hosts.htm "Hosts for Petz 5") [Petz 5 Skinz](p5skinz.htm "Petz 5 Skinz") [Petz 5 Playscenes](p5playscene.htm "Petz 5 Playscene") [Petz 5 Clothes](p5clothes.htm "Petz 5 Clothes") [Petz 5 Toyz](p5toyz.htm "Petz 5 Toyz") **Breedz:** [New P5 Breedz](p5breedz.htm "New Petz 5 Breedz") [P5 Tutorial Breedz](tutbreedz.htm "Tutorial Breedz") [Catz 5 Breedz](c5breedz.htm "Catz 5 Breedz") [Dogz 5 Breedz](d5breedz.htm "Dogz 5 Breedz") [Catz in dogz 5](Catbehaviours.htm "Catz behaviours") [Dogz in catz 5](Dogbehaviours.htm "Dogz behaviours") **For Easy LNZ:** [Orig C5 Breedz](c5breeded.htm "Orig C 5 Breedz") [Orig D5 Breedz](d5breeded.htm "Orig D 5 Breedz") **Petz 4:** [Petz 4 Clothes](p4clothes.htm "Petz 4 Clothes") [Petz 4 Toyz](p4toyz.htm "Petz 4 Toyz") [Petz 4 Hosts](p4hosts.htm "Petz 4 Hosts") [Petz 4 Playscene](p4playscene.htm "Petz 4 Playscene") **Breedz:** [New P4 Breedz](p4breedz.htm "New Petz 4 Breedz") [P4 Tutorial Breedz](tutbreedz.htm "Tutorial Breedz") [Catz 4 Breedz](c4breedz.htm "Catz 4 Breedz") [Dogz 4 Breedz](d4breedz.htm "Dogz 4 Breedz") [Catz in dogz 4](Catbehaviours.htm "Catz behaviours") [Dogz in catz 4](Dogbehaviours.htm "Dogz behaviours") **For Easy LNZ:** [Orig C4 Breedz](c4breeded.htm "Orig C 4 Breedz") [Orig D4 Breedz](d4breeded.htm "Orig D 4 Breedz") **Petz 3:** [Hosts for Petz 3](p3hosts.htm "Hosts for Petz 3") [Petz 3 Clothes](p3clothes.htm "Petz 3 Clothes") [Petz 3 Toyz](p3toyz.htm "Petz 3 Toyz") [Petz 3 Playscene](p3playscene.htm "Petz 3 Playscene") [Official DLs](downloabx/official/p3official.htm "Official downloads for Petz 3") **Breedz:** [New P3 Breedz](p3breedz.htm "New Petz 3 Breedz") [P3 Tutorial Breedz](tutbreedz.htm "Tutorial Breedz") [Catz 3 Breedz](c3breedz.htm "Catz 3 Breedz") [Dogz 3 Breedz](d3breedz.htm "Dogz 3 Breedz") [Catz in dogz 3](Catbehaviours.htm "Catz behaviours") [Dogz in catz 3](Dogbehaviours.htm "Dogz behaviours") **For Easy LNZ:** P3 English versions [Orig C3 Breedz](c3breeded.htm "Orig C 3 Breedz") [Orig D3 Breedz](d3breeded.htm "Orig D 3 Breedz") P3 Non-English [Orig C3 Breedz](c3intbreeded.htm "Orig C 3 Breedz") [Orig D3 Breedz](d3intbreeded.htm "Orig D 3 Breedz") **Petz II:** [New PII Breedz](p2breedz.htm "New Petz II Breedz") [Catz II Breedz](c2breedz.htm "Catz II Breedz") [Dogz II Breedz](d2breedz.htm "Dogz II Breedz") [Catz in dogz II](Catbehaviours.htm "Catz behaviours") [Dogz in catz II](Dogbehaviours.htm "Dogz behaviours") [Petz II Demo](madscientist.htm "Petz II demo") [Demo Fooler](madscientist.htm "PII demo fooler") [Modified exe](madscientist.htm "PII modified exe") [Petz II Toyz](p2toyz.htm "Petz II Toyz") [Petz II Scene](p2playscene.htm "Petz II Scenes") **Petz 1:** [Catz 1 Fooler](catz1dex.htm "Catz 1 Breedz") [Catz 1 Breedz](c1breedz.htm "Catz 1 Breedz") [Dogz 1 Breedz](d1breedz.htm "Dogz 1 Breedz") [Dogz 1 Fooler](Dogz1Fooler.htm "Dogz 1 Breedz") [Catz 1 Mice](Catz1mice.htm "Catz 1 Mice") **Oddballz:** [Oddballz](oddballz.htm "Oddballz") [Player Easy Kits](oddballzedit.htm "Oddballz Easy") [Hexer Easy-edits](oddballzedit.htm "Oddballz Editing") [Oddballz fixes](oddballzedit.htm "Oddballz Fixes") **Babyz:** [Newest Babyz](babyznewest.htm "Newest Babyz") [Newer Babyz](babyznew.htm "New Babyz") [Old Babyz Hexies](babyz-1.htm "Babyz Hexies") [Babyz Glasses](BabyzGlasses.htm "Babyz Glasses") [Harem sets](BabyzHarem.htm "Babyz harem") [Babyz Clothes](babyzclothes.htm "Babyz Clothez") [Babyz Playscenes](babyzplayscene.htm "Babyz Playscenes") [Babyz Toyz](babyztoyz.htm "Babyz Toyz") [Babyz Easy-edit and fixes](babyzedit.htm "Babyz Editing") [Play Online](babyzplay.htm "Play with a Babyz Online") **NOT BY ME:** [Off-site specials](http://www.stevehornsc.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/carolyn/index.htm "Off-site special breedz") [Old Petz 3 Scenes](p3playscenz.htm "Old Petz 3 Scenes") [Fin Fin](finfin/finfin.htm "Fin Fin") . . | | | | --- | | **Welcome to Carolyn's Creations!** **[Download info](#NEW)... [Important Info](#NFO)... [Acknowledgements](#ACK)** | \*\*On behalf of my dear friend, Carolyn and myself, I'd like to give a HUGE THANKS to Arie for now hosting Carolyn's Creations! -Sue Briley My lovely Guardian Angel Cat logo was a gift from [Thowraa's FBKC](http://www.geocities.com/fbkc5) Click [here](Phantarella.html) if you'd like to see Phantarella in action. You'll need the [Petz player plug-in (click)](PetzPlayer.exe), and the latest browsers won't support that. So unless you already have Netscape, you also need to download [Netscape Commander 4 (click)](Netscape4Installfiles.zip). Unzip and install Netscape, it won't affect any of your other browsers. Choose to install the included cosmo Player if it asks, because then you'll be able to play with the Catz 1 [Catz World](catz1/dream.htm) ! Then double-click on the Player to install it and you'll be able to play with Phantarella. This is an archive of all the items that I have ever hex-edited or converted for the various P.F.Magic Petz, Oddballz and Babyz games. It also includes my stuff for Petz 5 which was created in 2002 by Studio Mythos and is in the same style as the older games. The websites for these games are now gone -- the new Dogz, Catz etc games which you see at [Ubisoft's Petz](http://www.petz.com/) site, and the various girly games for Nintendo DS at [their "Babyz.net"](http://www.babyz.net/) site are in no way similar to the original Petz etc games and are not covered in my tutorials. I also do not have downloads for any Ubisoft games created from 2006 onwards. All that I have for you of those later games is my [Info Only](Petz6.htm "Catz and Dogz 2006") page, which may be useful for anyone wanting to "hex" or modify the PC versions of those games. **People with Dogz-only or Catz-only parts of the Petz games please read** If you want one of my breedz, **please** don't ask me to convert between dogz and catz games -- instead, download the relevant package from my "Cat species in dogz" or "Dog species in catz" pages, read the instructions carefully and install it. That will fool the game, and you can then download and play with my various species etc. **NOTE for site owners**: please do **not** directly link to the files or pictures at my site. I have no objection to anyone putting my breedz up elsewhere, provided that you put an acknowledgement also that they are my work. The same applies to my tutorials, although a link instead to my tutorials page would be a better idea as I am always in process of updating them. Please note that my site has moved to [Boardwalkerz](http://boardwalkerz.com/carolyn/) thanks to Sue Briley's generosity. I've left these few pages at the old site, with grateful thanks to Abby, so that people know where to go for my files. Bless you, Abby, for hosting my monster of a site for so long! Registered with [![IBS](reg.jpg) Independent Breederz Society](http://go2sam.home.att.net/ibs.html) [![Breed-lover](Breed_AlleyLover.gif)](http://www.geocities.com/boxedluvz2/) **The "What's new" section has moved to its own page. Click [here](Whatsnew.htm)** to go to it [Where my site is now](http://boardwalkerz.com/carolyn/) Thanks to Abby of [the Petzwarehouse](http://www.thepetzwarehouse.com) for kindly hosting my site for so long, without complaint as it grew and grew... And thanks and big hugs to Sue of [Petz Boardwalk](http://boardwalkerz.com) for so generously providing mirror space for several months, and now taking on the whole burden. If my site goes down at any time -- Eeeek! -- pop along to [this page](http://www.stevehornsc.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/carolyn/index.htm), where I'll keep you informed of whatever is going on. **Download problems? Read here** ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ **PLEASE READ IF YOU HAVE DOWNLOAD PROBLEMS or my files confuse you:** If you have problems downloading a file from this site... right-click on it and choose "save link as" or "save target as" (whichever your browser says), follow the dialogue box which opens in order to save it to a place on your hard drive (usually the Desktop), then open it afterwards. Please do not write to me about any files which "have nothing in them" unless you have tried this method. The Petz 3, 4 and 5 breedfiles are all sound-stripped. I've produced external sounds for all the original breedz as well as most of my "species" or "fantasy" breedz so that you can choose whether to download the sounds or play with the files mute. **Important Information** ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Windows XP, Windows 2000 (or NT), Windows ME users, and people who have some update to their system that is beyond mine -- if you have some problem with my breedz that I cannot duplicate on either my Windows 95 or my husband's plain Windows 98 system, then I cannot help you. If I am able to duplicate the problem, then there is something wrong with the file that I can (I hope) fix and of course I shall do my best to do so. If I am not able to duplicate it, then there is nothing wrong with the file and it is some mysterious problem related to an incomprehensible alchemy between your operating system and/or game and my file so I cannot fix it. Sorry. The only thing I can suggest is a possible fix for you to do for yourself; you'll find it [here](downloabx/tutorials/crashingxp.htm). Windows XP with SP2 has special new quirks, woop-de-doo. WinXP is **bleurgh** and **Vista -- AAAARGH!!** \*hugs nice comfy Win95 setup, warts an' all\* It came to my attention a while ago that there were Petz 5 versions of some of my breedz at Nicky's Petzfriends site, and that those versions have wrong ID numbers etc. Nicky and I eventually reached an agreement which should fix any problems that people may have with this. Read [here](Petzfriendsite.htm) if you would like to know more about it, and about how to get your pets to breed if you downloaded one of the "conversions" from her site. Please note that you **do not need to convert** any of my breedz to Petz 5, I make them all available for that game myself. I shall not convert anyone else's breedz, I do not have the time, but I have "howtos" up for you to try or you can ask for help on the various forums. Mac users (or anyone else with this problem) if you download files and get gibberish appearing in your browser, ending up with a corrupted file when you try to save it, try either downloading with a download manager or look in your browser's cache and copy it directly from there. The copy that's in your cache should not be corrupted. **What's Happening Here** ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I checked through this again, and a lot of stuff has changed, so this is the latest state of play: There's a bunch of odd bits and pieces that I need to finish off, but I have no idea when I'll get the time to do so. Foolers for all of the games are now available at my Boardwalkerz site. The Oddballz-to-petz line -- still got a bunch of Transformations to do. I intend to put them together as two or three more all-in-one breedz. These will probably be the last "full" breedz I shall ever make, plus one breed that I promised years ago and will probably never be finished, for someone who has already left the Petz Community 8-} I need to finish off the LNZ breakdown chunks, with special attention to the Oddballz info which has been sadly neglected. I also need to gather together various other little howtos, and the breakdown of a .pet and .baby file, and make them as comprehensible as possible (hah!) so y'all can fix petz, game-crashes etc. I no longer need to fix the oversize-pet corruptions, thanks to Nicholas' Tools. Yay for Petza! I've continued to tidy up my tutorials pages; I really hope that people can find things now. The actual tutorials are mostly written some time ago and newer available tools etc (such as Tinker, LNZPro 2, my easy-edit kits) have made things easier, so some of the tuts are more complicated than they should be, but they are mostly still valid. Through lack of time, and because I don't breed or show petz, I no longer research 2nd-gen problems, so it's up to all you guys and gals to find out any new quirks in that area. I also do not, and never shall, make "exclusives" for individuals. Everything that I make is downloadable for all. To be honest, I cannot understand this modern fashion for exclusivity. My ethos has always been to make information and game modifications free for all. Real Life and a steady stream of sweet, vulnerable foster-cats and kitties clamour for my attention almost constantly. Hexing and these games have to come second, and can only be done in small snatches of free time. So I don't take breed-making requests any more, I just don't have the time. Really, the answer has to be "no" to requests. However, anyone can try it nowadays, as there is a choice of several tools, including LNZPro and Pet Workshop, as well as the utilities at MK&C, Resource Hacker, and my own Easy-edit packages. There are lots of good hexers out there on the Internet, some of whom are kind-hearted or will do requests, so if you cannot bear to try hexing yourself, just ask around the various message-boards and forums. Look in my links pages for some forums that you can start with. I know the links pages are badly out of date as of December 2006, but I don't have time to fix them right now. **Acknowledgments** ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I'd like to thank Tom for the wonderful web pages that he maintained here for so long, and I'd like to thank Abby of the [PetzWarehouse](http://www.thepetzwarehouse.com/) for her patience and for providing the space to store these files for so many years. Big thanks also to my pal Sue of [Petz Boardwalk](http://boardwalkerz.com) for coming to my rescue in the hard times, generously mirroring my lummox of a site, and finally hosting the whole shebang. Thanks to Misty (aka Acid Chaos), for giving me the kick I needed to get interested in site making. Of her original design all that is left is the calculation of graphic sizes on the breedz pages -- left to myself, the graphics would have been all different sizes! Her original design was beautiful, but I couldn't see it in my favourite browser so in the end it had to go. But I am very grateful for her work, as without it I might never have repaired this site when we moved to the new server.

https://homebody.eu/carolyn/index1.htm

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onclick="location.href='http://www.knowyourearth.net/Get in touch' " class='menu_item'><a class='contact_menu_item' href='http://www.knowyourearth.net/Get in touch' title='Get in touch' ><div id=''class='menu_liner'>Get in touch</div> </a></div> </div> <div class='liner' id='' > <div class='content_div' id='' > <div id=''class=''><img src='http://www.knowyourearth.net/includes/fetch_image.php?cr_id=178' width='194' height='300' alt='Copyright' title='Copyright' class='cms_image_right' /><span class='s1'><strong><span class='fon_bold fon_1'>NEW!! Historical novel "The Dancer In Beirut" by Dr. Thomas E. Muller is now available in paperback or E-book on Amazon:<br /> <br /> <span class='s2'><strong><span class='fon_bold fon_1'><a title='local' class='contact_1 fon_bold' href='https://www.amazon.com/Dancer-Beirut-Thomas-Edward-Muller/dp/1925707393'>Click Here</a></div> </div> <div class='content_div' id='' > <div id=''class=''><span class='s1'>WELCOME TO. . .<i><strong><span class='fon_bold fon_1_1 col_solar_red_txt'>KnowYourEarth.net</span></strong><br /> <br /> A website that’s aimed at you, the adventure traveler.</i></span></div> </div> <div class='content_div' id='' > <div id=''class=''><img src='http://www.knowyourearth.net/includes/fetch_image.php?cr_id=12' width='300' height='225' alt='Earth is the Solar System's grandest planet; a myriad surprises await to be explored.' title='Earth is the Solar System's grandest planet; a myriad surprises await to be explored.' class='cms_image_left' /><span class='s1'><i><strong><span class='fon_bold fon_1_1 col_solar_red_txt'>Have you ever. . .</span></strong>sensed your Planet Earth?</i><br /> <br /> HAVE YOU. . .<br /> <br /> <i>Seen total silence?<br /> <br /> Tasted the rainforest?<br /> <br /> Heard the coral reef's colors?<br /> <br /> Smelled the desert sand dunes?<br /> <br /> Touched the light from a billion stars?</i></span></div> </div> <div class='content_div' id='' > <div id=''class=''><img src='http://www.knowyourearth.net/includes/fetch_image.php?cr_id=14' width='300' height='223' alt='Opposite end of Earth from Antarctic Circle: Bathurst Inlet, Nunavut, at the Arctic Circle' title='Opposite end of Earth from Antarctic Circle: Bathurst Inlet, Nunavut, at the Arctic Circle' class='cms_image_right' /><span class='s1'><strong><span class='fon_bold fon_1_1 col_solar_red_txt'>How well do you know your Home Planet?</span></strong></span><br /> <br /> <strong><span class='fon_bold fon_1'>Earth awaits you. <i>She is the only planet you will ever experience first hand</i>. This website was created by Tom Muller to encourage travelers to gain a thorough knowledge of their home planet---not just its cities and countries and political divisions. Let Earth surprise you with her astonishing variety of climate, terrain, wildlife, and way of life in human habitats.<br /> <br /> The vast majority of humanity does not know the Home Planet. Just about every corner of Earth has been discovered and explored, yet humans in one corner do not know other corners. Often, there are hindering factors: economic limitations, poor health, ignorance, fear of the unknown, a lack of travel know-how, anxiety about language barriers and strange cultures, or a low interest in travel. For those who can surmount such travel barriers, Earth is yours to be discovered, on the surface <i><strong><span class='fon_bold fon_1'>and</span></strong></i> just beneath the waves.</span></strong></div> </div> <div class='content_div' id='' > <div id=''class=''><img src='http://www.knowyourearth.net/includes/fetch_image.php?cr_id=122' width='214' height='300' alt='I pay my respects at Shackleton's grave in Grytviken, South Georgia' title='I pay my respects at Shackleton's grave in Grytviken, South Georgia' class='cms_image_left' /><strong><span class='fon_bold fon_1'>In 2004, the idea occurred to me that, to truly experience the amazing range<br /> of Earth's physical, natural and cultural dimensions, one needs to have a<br /> systematic travel plan---visit every 10-degree-wide slice of longitude and every<br /> 10-degree-wide band of latitude. This would include visiting Earth’s remotest<br /> and most difficult-to-reach destinations in order to complete such a challenge.<br /> I named it the <strong><span class='fon_bold fon_1'><i>Know Your Earth</i></span></strong> Travel Challenge. And when you have taken<br /> up this challenge, your deeper appreciation of Earth will be your precious<br /> reward---your planetary prize.</span></strong><br /> <br /> English poet Robert Browning's words are inscribed on the granite block marking<br /> Antarctic explorer, Sir Ernest Shackleton's, grave in Grytviken, on the island of<br /> South Georgia, where the marker faces towards Shackleton's beloved Antarctica:</span></strong><br /> <i>"I hold---that a man should strive to the uttermost for his life's set prize."</i><br /> <br /> <strong><span class='fon_bold fon_1'>This website presents the <strong><span class='fon_bold fon_1'><i>Know Your Earth</i> Travel Challenge as a formula for<br /> experiencing the astounding diversity of what Planet Earth can offer the adventure<br /> traveler. The website will grow, as I capture my impressions of the slices visited,<br /> and strive to the utmost in encouraging and enticing you, too, to push your planetary<br /> horizons to the very limit.</span></strong></div> </div> <div class='content_div' id='' > <div id=''class=''><img src='http://www.knowyourearth.net/includes/fetch_image.php?cr_id=15' width='300' height='196' alt='Iceberg in Karrat Fjord, on Greenland's west coast' title='Iceberg in Karrat Fjord, on Greenland's west coast' class='cms_image_right' />I hope adventure travelers will find this system of experiencing Earth useful and be guided by the <strong><span class='fon_bold fon_1'><i>Know Your Earth</i> Travel Challenge.</span></strong> I invite website visitors to write me about their own efforts to achieve a travel goal, based on geographic and cultural coverage, and to offer their ideas and suggestions.<br /> <br /> In 2018, the highly sophisticated website for extreme travellers, <strong><span class='fon_bold fon_1'><a class='contact_1 fon_bold' onclick="window.open(this.href,'_blank');return false;" href='http://www.nomadmania.com'>www.nomadmania.com</a></span></strong> </span></strong>(click on link to go directly to their site)</span></strong> <strong><span class='fon_bold fon_1'>adopted my idea for geographic coverage and it is now one of their yardsticks for experiencing our Planet. They call it the <strong><span class='fon_bold fon_1'>KYE</span></strong> list (Know Your Earth list) of 434 "quadrants," based on latitude and longitude, each quadrant covering an area of 10 degrees of latitude by 10 degrees of longitude---wherever there is land to stand on. This level of geographic coverage is very extensive and challenging. Nomad Mania currently has 8,500 members, aged between 9 and 80+.</div> </div> <div class='content_div' id='' > <div id=''class=''><img src='http://www.knowyourearth.net/includes/fetch_image.php?cr_id=127' width='300' height='175' alt='Young-at-heart adventurers catch the trade winds in their sails' title='Young-at-heart adventurers catch the trade winds in their sails' class='cms_image_left' /></span></strong>History's first solo round-the-world sailor, Sir Francis Chichester said,<strong><span class='fon_bold fon_1'><i><br /> "To a man with imagination, a map is a window to adventure."</i></span></strong><br /> To which I would add, <i>a map is also the door to adventure.</i><br /> <br /> </span></strong>And Mark Twain put it this way:<br /> <strong><span class='fon_bold fon_1'><i>"Twenty years from now, you will be more<br /> disappointed by the things you didn't do,<br /> than by the ones you did do. So, throw off<br /> the bowlines, sail away from the safe harbor.<br /> Catch the trade winds in your sails.<br /> Explore. Dream. Discover."</i></span></strong></div> </div> <div class='content_div' id='' > <div id=''class=''><img src='http://www.knowyourearth.net/includes/fetch_image.php?cr_id=16' width='300' height='247' alt='Monkey-spotting in the Amazon jungle near the Peru-Bolivia border' title='Monkey-spotting in the Amazon jungle near the Peru-Bolivia border' class='cms_image_right' /><span class='s1'>I offer some thoughts for website visitors:</span><br /> <br /> <span class='s1'>Everywhere you venture in your travels,</span> offer something of yourself to the local people you meet. In turn, allow yourself to be enriched by those you've touched while visiting their lands, their homes, their workshops, their schools.<br /> <br /> <span class='s1'>One of my sensory delights</span> is standing outdoors, arms outstretched, with a lively wind blowing in my face, its fluctuating roar thundering past my ears. It reminds me of distant horizons visited and new ones beckoning to be investigated. And it is the harbinger of interesting things on their way.<br /> <br /> <span class='s1'>Now that I am in the twilight of life,</span> there is still so much to envision, attempt and accomplish; life is far too short for the mind's myriad imagined possibilities. For every possibility, there is a treasure chest of challenges. And how is the travel imagination fired up? By reading and knowing, ahead of time, a society's source of historical, cultural and geographic pride.</div> </div> <div class='content_div' id='' > <div id=''class=''><img src='http://www.knowyourearth.net/includes/fetch_image.php?cr_id=17' width='300' height='176' alt='With China's newest generation at a Shekou kindergarten in Guangdong Province' title='With China's newest generation at a Shekou kindergarten in Guangdong Province' class='cms_image_left' /><span class='s1'>To a younger audience,</span> I would say this. Take the time and make a thorough effort to know who you are and what you are capable of---psychologically and physiologically. Know yourself: <i>Nosce te ipsum</i>. Or <i>gnôthi seautón</i>, as the Greeks inscribed in the temple of Apollo at Delphi. Discover your strengths; uncover your hidden talents---you will be inspired by what you find---and mold your aims and life goals around these strengths. Then you can rise above detractors who ask, “Who do you think you are?” by replying, “I don’t think who I am; I <i>know</i> who I am.”<br /> <br /> <span class='s1'>As for myself,</span> I was given good genes and they’ve been put to work for me. In return, I pay them handsome dividends: they get well trained in the lessons of life and they will reach the future, long after I am gone.</div> </div> </div> <div id='footer'class=''><a class='contact_nav' href='http://www.knowyourearth.net/Home' title='Home' >Home</a> | <a class='contact_nav' href='http://www.knowyourearth.net/The KNOW YOUR EARTH Travel Challenge' title='The KNOW YOUR EARTH Travel Challenge' >The KNOW YOUR EARTH Travel Challenge</a> | <a class='contact_nav' href='http://www.knowyourearth.net/Q and A on the KNOW YOUR EARTH Travel Challenge' title='Q and A on the KNOW YOUR EARTH Travel Challenge' >Q and A on the KNOW YOUR EARTH Travel Challenge</a> | <a class='contact_nav' href='http://www.knowyourearth.net/The 18 LATITUDE Travel Challenge' title='The 18 LATITUDE Travel Challenge' >The 18 LATITUDE Travel Challenge</a> | <a class='contact_nav' href='http://www.knowyourearth.net/Links to other traveler sites' title='Links to other traveler sites' >Links to other traveler sites</a> | <a class='contact_nav' href='http://www.knowyourearth.net/Who is Tom Muller' title='Who is Tom Muller' >Who is Tom Muller</a> | <a class='contact_nav' href='http://www.knowyourearth.net/YouTube' title='YouTube' >YouTube</a> | <a class='contact_nav' href='http://www.knowyourearth.net/Magazine articles by Tom Muller' title='Magazine articles by Tom Muller' >Magazine articles by Tom Muller</a> | <a class='contact_nav' href='http://www.knowyourearth.net/Scientific research by Tom Muller' title='Scientific research by Tom Muller' >Scientific research by Tom Muller</a> | <a class='contact_nav' href='http://www.knowyourearth.net/Get in touch' title='Get in touch' >Get in touch</a> <br /><br /><br />© Copyright <b> Dr. Thomas E. 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Your adventure travel guide for getting to know the entire Earth ![If you really want to know your Earth, grab your spirit of adventure and let's go!](images/mastheads/masthead_home.jpg "If you really want to know your Earth, grab your spirit of adventure and let's go!") Your adventure travel guide for getting to know your Earth [Home](http://www.knowyourearth.net/Home "Home") [The KNOW YOUR EARTH Travel Challenge](http://www.knowyourearth.net/The KNOW YOUR EARTH Travel Challenge "The KNOW YOUR EARTH Travel Challenge") [Q and A on the KNOW YOUR EARTH Travel Challenge](http://www.knowyourearth.net/Q and A on the KNOW YOUR EARTH Travel Challenge "Q and A on the KNOW YOUR EARTH Travel Challenge") [The 18 LATITUDE Travel Challenge](http://www.knowyourearth.net/The 18 LATITUDE Travel Challenge "The 18 LATITUDE Travel Challenge") [Links to other traveler sites](http://www.knowyourearth.net/Links to other traveler sites "Links to other traveler sites") [Who is Tom Muller](http://www.knowyourearth.net/Who is Tom Muller "Who is Tom Muller") [YouTube](http://www.knowyourearth.net/YouTube "YouTube") [Magazine articles by Tom Muller](http://www.knowyourearth.net/Magazine articles by Tom Muller "Magazine articles by Tom Muller") [Scientific research by Tom Muller](http://www.knowyourearth.net/Scientific research by Tom Muller "Scientific research by Tom Muller") [Get in touch](http://www.knowyourearth.net/Get in touch "Get in touch") ![Copyright](http://www.knowyourearth.net/includes/fetch_image.php?cr_id=178 "Copyright")**NEW!! Historical novel "The Dancer In Beirut" by Dr. Thomas E. Muller is now available in paperback or E-book on Amazon: **[Click Here](https://www.amazon.com/Dancer-Beirut-Thomas-Edward-Muller/dp/1925707393 "local")**** WELCOME TO. . .***KnowYourEarth.net** A website that’s aimed at you, the adventure traveler.* ![Earth is the Solar System's grandest planet; a myriad surprises await to be explored.](http://www.knowyourearth.net/includes/fetch_image.php?cr_id=12 "Earth is the Solar System's grandest planet; a myriad surprises await to be explored.")***Have you ever. . .**sensed your Planet Earth?* HAVE YOU. . . *Seen total silence? Tasted the rainforest? Heard the coral reef's colors? Smelled the desert sand dunes? Touched the light from a billion stars?* ![Opposite end of Earth from Antarctic Circle: Bathurst Inlet, Nunavut, at the Arctic Circle](http://www.knowyourearth.net/includes/fetch_image.php?cr_id=14 "Opposite end of Earth from Antarctic Circle: Bathurst Inlet, Nunavut, at the Arctic Circle")**How well do you know your Home Planet?** **Earth awaits you. *She is the only planet you will ever experience first hand*. This website was created by Tom Muller to encourage travelers to gain a thorough knowledge of their home planet---not just its cities and countries and political divisions. Let Earth surprise you with her astonishing variety of climate, terrain, wildlife, and way of life in human habitats. The vast majority of humanity does not know the Home Planet. Just about every corner of Earth has been discovered and explored, yet humans in one corner do not know other corners. Often, there are hindering factors: economic limitations, poor health, ignorance, fear of the unknown, a lack of travel know-how, anxiety about language barriers and strange cultures, or a low interest in travel. For those who can surmount such travel barriers, Earth is yours to be discovered, on the surface ***and*** just beneath the waves.** ![I pay my respects at Shackleton's grave in Grytviken, South Georgia](http://www.knowyourearth.net/includes/fetch_image.php?cr_id=122 "I pay my respects at Shackleton's grave in Grytviken, South Georgia")**In 2004, the idea occurred to me that, to truly experience the amazing range of Earth's physical, natural and cultural dimensions, one needs to have a systematic travel plan---visit every 10-degree-wide slice of longitude and every 10-degree-wide band of latitude. This would include visiting Earth’s remotest and most difficult-to-reach destinations in order to complete such a challenge. I named it the ***Know Your Earth*** Travel Challenge. And when you have taken up this challenge, your deeper appreciation of Earth will be your precious reward---your planetary prize.** English poet Robert Browning's words are inscribed on the granite block marking Antarctic explorer, Sir Ernest Shackleton's, grave in Grytviken, on the island of South Georgia, where the marker faces towards Shackleton's beloved Antarctica: *"I hold---that a man should strive to the uttermost for his life's set prize."* **This website presents the ***Know Your Earth* Travel Challenge as a formula for experiencing the astounding diversity of what Planet Earth can offer the adventure traveler. The website will grow, as I capture my impressions of the slices visited, and strive to the utmost in encouraging and enticing you, too, to push your planetary horizons to the very limit.**** ![Iceberg in Karrat Fjord, on Greenland's west coast](http://www.knowyourearth.net/includes/fetch_image.php?cr_id=15 "Iceberg in Karrat Fjord, on Greenland's west coast")I hope adventure travelers will find this system of experiencing Earth useful and be guided by the ***Know Your Earth* Travel Challenge.** I invite website visitors to write me about their own efforts to achieve a travel goal, based on geographic and cultural coverage, and to offer their ideas and suggestions. In 2018, the highly sophisticated website for extreme travellers, **[www.nomadmania.com](http://www.nomadmania.com)** (click on link to go directly to their site) **adopted my idea for geographic coverage and it is now one of their yardsticks for experiencing our Planet. They call it the **KYE** list (Know Your Earth list) of 434 "quadrants," based on latitude and longitude, each quadrant covering an area of 10 degrees of latitude by 10 degrees of longitude---wherever there is land to stand on. This level of geographic coverage is very extensive and challenging. Nomad Mania currently has 8,500 members, aged between 9 and 80+.** ![Young-at-heart adventurers catch the trade winds in their sails](http://www.knowyourearth.net/includes/fetch_image.php?cr_id=127 "Young-at-heart adventurers catch the trade winds in their sails")History's first solo round-the-world sailor, Sir Francis Chichester said, ***"To a man with imagination, a map is a window to adventure."*** To which I would add, *a map is also the door to adventure.* And Mark Twain put it this way: ***"Twenty years from now, you will be more disappointed by the things you didn't do, than by the ones you did do. So, throw off the bowlines, sail away from the safe harbor. Catch the trade winds in your sails. Explore. Dream. Discover."*** ![Monkey-spotting in the Amazon jungle near the Peru-Bolivia border](http://www.knowyourearth.net/includes/fetch_image.php?cr_id=16 "Monkey-spotting in the Amazon jungle near the Peru-Bolivia border")I offer some thoughts for website visitors: Everywhere you venture in your travels, offer something of yourself to the local people you meet. In turn, allow yourself to be enriched by those you've touched while visiting their lands, their homes, their workshops, their schools. One of my sensory delights is standing outdoors, arms outstretched, with a lively wind blowing in my face, its fluctuating roar thundering past my ears. It reminds me of distant horizons visited and new ones beckoning to be investigated. And it is the harbinger of interesting things on their way. Now that I am in the twilight of life, there is still so much to envision, attempt and accomplish; life is far too short for the mind's myriad imagined possibilities. For every possibility, there is a treasure chest of challenges. And how is the travel imagination fired up? By reading and knowing, ahead of time, a society's source of historical, cultural and geographic pride. ![With China's newest generation at a Shekou kindergarten in Guangdong Province](http://www.knowyourearth.net/includes/fetch_image.php?cr_id=17 "With China's newest generation at a Shekou kindergarten in Guangdong Province")To a younger audience, I would say this. Take the time and make a thorough effort to know who you are and what you are capable of---psychologically and physiologically. Know yourself: *Nosce te ipsum*. Or *gnôthi seautón*, as the Greeks inscribed in the temple of Apollo at Delphi. Discover your strengths; uncover your hidden talents---you will be inspired by what you find---and mold your aims and life goals around these strengths. Then you can rise above detractors who ask, “Who do you think you are?” by replying, “I don’t think who I am; I *know* who I am.” As for myself, I was given good genes and they’ve been put to work for me. In return, I pay them handsome dividends: they get well trained in the lessons of life and they will reach the future, long after I am gone. [Home](http://www.knowyourearth.net/Home "Home") | [The KNOW YOUR EARTH Travel Challenge](http://www.knowyourearth.net/The KNOW YOUR EARTH Travel Challenge "The KNOW YOUR EARTH Travel Challenge") | [Q and A on the KNOW YOUR EARTH Travel Challenge](http://www.knowyourearth.net/Q and A on the KNOW YOUR EARTH Travel Challenge "Q and A on the KNOW YOUR EARTH Travel Challenge") | [The 18 LATITUDE Travel Challenge](http://www.knowyourearth.net/The 18 LATITUDE Travel Challenge "The 18 LATITUDE Travel Challenge") | [Links to other traveler sites](http://www.knowyourearth.net/Links to other traveler sites "Links to other traveler sites") | [Who is Tom Muller](http://www.knowyourearth.net/Who is Tom Muller "Who is Tom Muller") | [YouTube](http://www.knowyourearth.net/YouTube "YouTube") | [Magazine articles by Tom Muller](http://www.knowyourearth.net/Magazine articles by Tom Muller "Magazine articles by Tom Muller") | [Scientific research by Tom Muller](http://www.knowyourearth.net/Scientific research by Tom Muller "Scientific research by Tom Muller") | [Get in touch](http://www.knowyourearth.net/Get in touch "Get in touch") © Copyright **Dr. Thomas E. Muller**

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<p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> </div> </td> <td width="78%" height="582" valign="top" align="center"> <p><br> <b><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="+7" color="#0000CC">I<a name="top"></a>nternet Pioneers</font></b></p> <h1><i><b><font face="Courier New, Courier, mono">Tim Berners-Lee</font></b></i></h1> <blockquote> <p align="left"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">The World Wide Web (WWW) is so ubiquitous that it seems strange to think that it has only been around for a few years. Indeed, use of the <img src="images/pics/bernerslee.gif" width="213" height="279" align="right">WWW became widespread in the mid 1990's, but its beginnings can actually be traced back to 1980 when Tim Berners-Lee, an Englishman who had recently graduated from Oxford, landed a temporary contract job as a software consultant at CERN ( the famous European Particle physics Laboratory in Geneva). He wrote a program, called Enquire, which he called a "memory substitute," for his personal use to help him remember connections between various people and projects at the lab (<a href="references.html#wright">Wright, 64</a>). This was a very helpful tool since CERN was (and still is) a large international organization involving a multitude of researchers located around the world. </font></p> <p align="left"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">Berners-Lee finished his work at CERN and left, but he returned in 1984 with a more permanent position. His previous work with Enquire had left a mental mark. He envisioned a global information space where information stored on computers everywhere was linked and available to anyone anywhere. There were two technologies already developed that would allow his vision to become reality. In 1945, <a href="bush.html">Vannevar Bush </a>wrote an article entitled, "<a href="http://www.theatlantic.com/unbound/flashbks/computer/bushf.htm">As We May Thin</a>k," in which he described a theoretical system for storing information based on associations. Others like <a href="nelson.html">Ted Nelson</a> and <a href="engelbart.html">Douglas Englebar</a>t had furthered Bush's work with their own work on hypertext. Hypertext allows documents to be published in a nonlinear format. Hypertext links allow the reader to jump instantly from one electronic document to another. Berners-Lee had already used this format when he wrote Enquire.</font></p> <p align="left"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"> The other technology was the Interneta computer network of networks. The Internet is a very general infrastructure that allows computers to link together . It uses standardized protocols (TCP/IP) which let computers of different types using different software communicate. Hypertext would allow any document in the information space to be linked to any other document. The Internet would allow those documents to be transmitted. </font></p> <p align="left"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">At CERN if researchers wanted to share documents they had to organize and format them so that they would be compatible with the main CERN computing system. This was a problem since the researchers contributing to the work going on at CERN were located around the world and used many different kinds of computers and software. Many researchers were upset and sometimes unwilling to expend the extra effort to make their work conform to the CERN system. Berners-Lee thought, " it would be so much easier if everybody asking me questions all the time could just read my database, and it would be so much nicer if I could find out what these guys are doing by jumping into a similar database of information for them" (<a href="references.html#wright">Wright, 66</a>). He decided that a simple system with simple rules that would be acceptable to all was needed. The new system would need to be easy and decentralized so that anyone anywhere could share informationwithout having to go to a centralized authority. </font></p> <p align="left"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">In 1989, Berners-Lee submitted a proposal at CERN to develop an information system that would create a web of information. Initially, his proposal received no reply, but he began working on his idea anyway. In 1990, he wrote the Hypertext Transfer Protocol <br> (HTTP)the </font><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">language computers would use to communicate hypertext documents over the Internet and designed a scheme to give documents addresses on the Internet. Berners-Lee called this address a Universal Resource Identifier (URI). (This is now usually known as a URLUniform Resource Loc<img src="images/pics/cern.gif" width="355" height="260" align="right">ator.) By the end of the year he had also <br> written a client program (browser) to retrieve and view hypertext documents. He called this client "WorldWideWeb." Hypertext pages were formatted using the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) that Berners-Lee had written. He also wrote the first web server. A web server is the software that stores web pages on a computer and makes them available to be accessed by others. Berners-Lee set up the first web server known as "info.cern.ch." at CERN.</font></p> <p align="left"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"> Berners-Lee tried to sell his new creation at CERN as a way to link data between the many incompatible systems at CERN. Still the bureaucracy at CERN was slow in acknowledging his efforts. Berners-Lee then turned to the Internet community. In 1991, he made his WorldWideWeb browser and web server software available on the Internet and posted notices to several newsgroups including alt.hypertext. The Web began to take off as computer enthusiasts around the world began setting up their own web servers. Often the owners of the new sites would email Berners-Lee and he would link to their sites from the CERN site. His dream of a global information space was finally happening. </font></p> <p align="left"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">As the number of users on the Web grew it became more attractive as a medium. Scientists, who were already used to sharing information on the Internet began to embrace the Web. It was easier to post information on the Web once than reply repeatedly to multiple requests for the same data. They also no longer had to worry whether or not the other scientists used a different operating system. Government agencies who had responsibilities to make their information public also began turning toward the Web. </font></p> <p align="left"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">As more people began using the Web the need for more point-and-click browsers became evident. Berners-Lee had developed his WorldWideWeb browser on a very specialized personal computer called a NeXT. What was needed now was browser that Mac, PC, and Unix users could use. This need was soon met as others, mostly students, began creating new browsers. For instance, Students at the Helsinki University of Technology wrote Erwisea browser for Unix machines, and Pei Wei, a U.C. Berkeley student wrote Viola. Colleagues of Berners-Lee at CERN wrote a browser for Mac machines called Samba. <a href="andreesen.html">Marc Andreesen</a>, a student at the University of Illinois, with the help of fellow students, created the Mosaic browser. </font></p> <p align="left"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>Growth of the Web and Potential Problems </b></font></p> <p align="left"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">New browsers and the increasing amount of information that could be found on t<img src="images/pics/lee.gif" width="209" height="141" align="left">he Web made it an ever more attractive medium. It grew exponentially, both in the number of sites and users. The number of visitors to the info.cern.ch server was growing by a factor of ten every year. By the summer of 1993, the site was getting ten thousand hits a day (<a href="references.html#lee">Berners-Lee, 75)</a>. Berners-Lee was predictably happy about the growth of his brainchild, but various groups seemed to be going in opposite directions. He feared that the Web would splinter into various factionsacademic, commercial, free, etc. </font></p> <p align="left"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">Berners-Lee was concerned over some of the new directions the Web was taking. There were decided differences between his original vision and the visions of Andreesen and the Netscape crowd. The Web was designed to be a serious medium. Berners-Lee feared that this new visuallyappealing Web was becoming frivolous. Berners-Lee and other HTML purists were alarmed by all the new tags created by Netscape. Andreesen remembers, " Tim bawled me out in the summer of '93 for adding images to the thing," (<a href="references.html#reid">Reid, 12</a>). </font></p> <p align="left"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>World Wide Web Consortium</b> </font></p> <p align="left"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">Bern<img src="images/pics/tim_berners_lee.jpg" width="85" height="125" align="left">ers-Lee was also concerned that the new success of the Web would lead to destructive competition that would create proprietary Web products that could destroy the open nature of the Web. He knew that some sort of oversight was needed to keep the Web running smoothly, but any new oversight organization could also not be allowed to fundamentally alter the free and open character of the Web. He envisioned a forum where developers of servers and browsers could reach a consensus on how the Web should operate. On May 24, 1994, the first WWW conference was held at CERN. Berners-Lee used this conference to share his vision to create a consortium to help the Web develop smoothly: "The conference was the way to tell everyone that no one should control it, and that a consortium could help parties agree an how to work together while also actually withstanding any effort by any institution or company to 'control' things." (<a href="references.html#lee">Berners-Lee, 80</a>). </font></p> <p align="left"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">Berners-Lee also discussed the idea of a consortium with some his friends at MIT. In July of 1994 he received a phone call from one of those friends. MIT agreed to host the consortium. MIT would be the American headquarters and CERN would be the European headquarters. (CERN would later decide to drop out of the consortium and France's National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Control became the European headquarters). Berners-Lee moved almost immediately to MIT to head the new consortium, which was known as the World Wide Web consortium or simply W3C. </font></p> <p align="left"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">The purpose of the new consortium was to " 'lead the Web to its full potential,' primarily by developing common protocols to enhance the interoperability and evolution of the Web." (<a href="references.html#lee">Berners-Lee, 94</a>). Membership in the consortium would be open to any organization: commercial, governmental, educational, etc. Any member would be free to participate in any meeting or working group put together by the consortium. </font></p> <p align="left"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif">The W3C develops open technical specifications that can be used for free by anyone. These specifications are reached by a very democratic process. Any member can suggest a new project. If there is sufficient support within the consortium the project proceeds. When it is finished it is released by the consortium as a "recommendation." The W3C does not enforce its recommendations. It simply encourages everyone to adopt them. </font></p> <p align="left"><a href="/pioneers/media/vint_www.ram"><img src="images/multi13.gif" width="30" height="31">Vint Cerf discusses his views on the WWW</a>.</p> <p align="left"><font face="Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif"><u>For Further Reading</u></font></p> <p align="left"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=internetpione-20&path=tg/detail/-/006251587X/qid=1112482276/sr=8-1/ref=pd_csp_1?v=glance&s=books&n=507846">Weaving the Web: The Original Design and Ultimate Destiny of the World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee</a></p> <p align="left"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=internetpione-20&path=tg/detail/-/0192862073/ref=pd_sim_b_3?v=glance">How the Web was Born: The Story of the World Wide Web</a></p> <p align="left"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=internetpione-20&path=tg/detail/-/1584150963/qid=1112482276/sr=8-2/ref=sr_8_xs_ap_i1_xgl14?v=glance&s=books&n=507846">Tim Berners-Lee and the Development of the World Wide Web (Unlocking the Secrets of Science)</a> For ages 9-12</p> <p align="left"> </p> <p align="left"> </p> <p align="left"><a href="#top" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('document.Image18','document.Image18','images/pc2.gif','#955589164990')"><img name="Image18" border="0" src="images/pc.gif" width="77" height="77" align="right"></a></p> <p align="left"> </p> <p align="left"> </p> <p align="left"> </p> <p align="left"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, serif"><a href="index.html">Home</a>| <a href="bush.html">Vannevar Bush</a> | <a href="licklider.html">J.C.R. Licklider</a> | <a href="roberts.html">Larry Roberts</a> | <a href="baran.html">Paul Baran</a> | <br> <a href="metcalfe.html">Bob Metcalfe</a> | </font><a href="engelbart.html"> Doug Engelbart</a> | <a href="cerf.html">Vint Cerf</a> | <a href="nelson.html">Ted Nelson</a> | <a href="lee.html">Tim Berners-Lee</a> | <a href="andreesen.html"><br> Marc Andreesen</a> | <a href="epilogue.html">Epilogue</a> |<a href="references.html"> References</a> |</p> <p align="left"> </p> <p align="left"> </p> <p align="left"> </p> <p align="left"> </p> </blockquote> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </body> </html>

Tim Berners-Lee  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | **Internet Pioneers** ***Tim Berners-Lee*** The World Wide Web (WWW) is so ubiquitous that it seems strange to think that it has only been around for a few years. Indeed, use of the WWW became widespread in the mid 1990's, but its beginnings can actually be traced back to 1980 when Tim Berners-Lee, an Englishman who had recently graduated from Oxford, landed a temporary contract job as a software consultant at CERN ( the famous European Particle physics Laboratory in Geneva). He wrote a program, called Enquire, which he called a "memory substitute," for his personal use to help him remember connections between various people and projects at the lab ([Wright, 64](references.html#wright)). This was a very helpful tool since CERN was (and still is) a large international organization involving a multitude of researchers located around the world. Berners-Lee finished his work at CERN and left, but he returned in 1984 with a more permanent position. His previous work with Enquire had left a mental mark. He envisioned a global information space where information stored on computers everywhere was linked and available to anyone anywhere. There were two technologies already developed that would allow his vision to become reality. In 1945, [Vannevar Bush](bush.html) wrote an article entitled, "[As We May Thin](http://www.theatlantic.com/unbound/flashbks/computer/bushf.htm)k," in which he described a theoretical system for storing information based on associations. Others like [Ted Nelson](nelson.html) and [Douglas Englebar](engelbart.html)t had furthered Bush's work with their own work on hypertext. Hypertext allows documents to be published in a nonlinear format. Hypertext links allow the reader to jump instantly from one electronic document to another. Berners-Lee had already used this format when he wrote Enquire. The other technology was the Internet—a computer network of networks. The Internet is a very general infrastructure that allows computers to link together . It uses standardized protocols (TCP/IP) which let computers of different types using different software communicate. Hypertext would allow any document in the information space to be linked to any other document. The Internet would allow those documents to be transmitted. At CERN if researchers wanted to share documents they had to organize and format them so that they would be compatible with the main CERN computing system. This was a problem since the researchers contributing to the work going on at CERN were located around the world and used many different kinds of computers and software. Many researchers were upset and sometimes unwilling to expend the extra effort to make their work conform to the CERN system. Berners-Lee thought, " it would be so much easier if everybody asking me questions all the time could just read my database, and it would be so much nicer if I could find out what these guys are doing by jumping into a similar database of information for them" ([Wright, 66](references.html#wright)). He decided that a simple system with simple rules that would be acceptable to all was needed. The new system would need to be easy and decentralized so that anyone anywhere could share informationwithout having to go to a centralized authority. In 1989, Berners-Lee submitted a proposal at CERN to develop an information system that would create a web of information. Initially, his proposal received no reply, but he began working on his idea anyway. In 1990, he wrote the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)—the language computers would use to communicate hypertext documents over the Internet and designed a scheme to give documents addresses on the Internet. Berners-Lee called this address a Universal Resource Identifier (URI). (This is now usually known as a URL—Uniform Resource Locator.) By the end of the year he had also written a client program (browser) to retrieve and view hypertext documents. He called this client "WorldWideWeb." Hypertext pages were formatted using the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) that Berners-Lee had written. He also wrote the first web server. A web server is the software that stores web pages on a computer and makes them available to be accessed by others. Berners-Lee set up the first web server known as "info.cern.ch." at CERN. Berners-Lee tried to sell his new creation at CERN as a way to link data between the many incompatible systems at CERN. Still the bureaucracy at CERN was slow in acknowledging his efforts. Berners-Lee then turned to the Internet community. In 1991, he made his WorldWideWeb browser and web server software available on the Internet and posted notices to several newsgroups including alt.hypertext. The Web began to take off as computer enthusiasts around the world began setting up their own web servers. Often the owners of the new sites would email Berners-Lee and he would link to their sites from the CERN site. His dream of a global information space was finally happening. As the number of users on the Web grew it became more attractive as a medium. Scientists, who were already used to sharing information on the Internet began to embrace the Web. It was easier to post information on the Web once than reply repeatedly to multiple requests for the same data. They also no longer had to worry whether or not the other scientists used a different operating system. Government agencies who had responsibilities to make their information public also began turning toward the Web. As more people began using the Web the need for more point-and-click browsers became evident. Berners-Lee had developed his WorldWideWeb browser on a very specialized personal computer called a NeXT. What was needed now was browser that Mac, PC, and Unix users could use. This need was soon met as others, mostly students, began creating new browsers. For instance, Students at the Helsinki University of Technology wrote Erwise—a browser for Unix machines, and Pei Wei, a U.C. Berkeley student wrote Viola. Colleagues of Berners-Lee at CERN wrote a browser for Mac machines called Samba. [Marc Andreesen](andreesen.html), a student at the University of Illinois, with the help of fellow students, created the Mosaic browser. **Growth of the Web and Potential Problems** New browsers and the increasing amount of information that could be found on the Web made it an ever more attractive medium. It grew exponentially, both in the number of sites and users. The number of visitors to the info.cern.ch server was growing by a factor of ten every year. By the summer of 1993, the site was getting ten thousand hits a day ([Berners-Lee, 75)](references.html#lee). Berners-Lee was predictably happy about the growth of his brainchild, but various groups seemed to be going in opposite directions. He feared that the Web would splinter into various factions—academic, commercial, free, etc. Berners-Lee was concerned over some of the new directions the Web was taking. There were decided differences between his original vision and the visions of Andreesen and the Netscape crowd. The Web was designed to be a serious medium. Berners-Lee feared that this new visually—appealing Web was becoming frivolous. Berners-Lee and other HTML purists were alarmed by all the new tags created by Netscape. Andreesen remembers, " Tim bawled me out in the summer of '93 for adding images to the thing," ([Reid, 12](references.html#reid)). **World Wide Web Consortium** Berners-Lee was also concerned that the new success of the Web would lead to destructive competition that would create proprietary Web products that could destroy the open nature of the Web. He knew that some sort of oversight was needed to keep the Web running smoothly, but any new oversight organization could also not be allowed to fundamentally alter the free and open character of the Web. He envisioned a forum where developers of servers and browsers could reach a consensus on how the Web should operate. On May 24, 1994, the first WWW conference was held at CERN. Berners-Lee used this conference to share his vision to create a consortium to help the Web develop smoothly: "The conference was the way to tell everyone that no one should control it, and that a consortium could help parties agree an how to work together while also actually withstanding any effort by any institution or company to 'control' things." ([Berners-Lee, 80](references.html#lee)). Berners-Lee also discussed the idea of a consortium with some his friends at MIT. In July of 1994 he received a phone call from one of those friends. MIT agreed to host the consortium. MIT would be the American headquarters and CERN would be the European headquarters. (CERN would later decide to drop out of the consortium and France's National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Control became the European headquarters). Berners-Lee moved almost immediately to MIT to head the new consortium, which was known as the World Wide Web consortium or simply W3C. The purpose of the new consortium was to " 'lead the Web to its full potential,' primarily by developing common protocols to enhance the interoperability and evolution of the Web." ([Berners-Lee, 94](references.html#lee)). Membership in the consortium would be open to any organization: commercial, governmental, educational, etc. Any member would be free to participate in any meeting or working group put together by the consortium. The W3C develops open technical specifications that can be used for free by anyone. These specifications are reached by a very democratic process. Any member can suggest a new project. If there is sufficient support within the consortium the project proceeds. When it is finished it is released by the consortium as a "recommendation." The W3C does not enforce its recommendations. It simply encourages everyone to adopt them. [Vint Cerf discusses his views on the WWW](/pioneers/media/vint_www.ram). For Further Reading [Weaving the Web: The Original Design and Ultimate Destiny of the World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee](http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=internetpione-20&path=tg/detail/-/006251587X/qid=1112482276/sr=8-1/ref=pd_csp_1?v=glance&s=books&n=507846) [How the Web was Born: The Story of the World Wide Web](http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=internetpione-20&path=tg/detail/-/0192862073/ref=pd_sim_b_3?v=glance) [Tim Berners-Lee and the Development of the World Wide Web (Unlocking the Secrets of Science)](http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=internetpione-20&path=tg/detail/-/1584150963/qid=1112482276/sr=8-2/ref=sr_8_xs_ap_i1_xgl14?v=glance&s=books&n=507846) For ages 9-12 [Home](index.html)| [Vannevar Bush](bush.html) | [J.C.R. Licklider](licklider.html) | [Larry Roberts](roberts.html) | [Paul Baran](baran.html) | [Bob Metcalfe](metcalfe.html) | [Doug Engelbart](engelbart.html) | [Vint Cerf](cerf.html) | [Ted Nelson](nelson.html) | [Tim Berners-Lee](lee.html) | [Marc Andreesen](andreesen.html) | [Epilogue](epilogue.html) | [References](references.html) | |

http://www.ibiblio.org/pioneers/lee.html

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https://www.potatoland.org/napier_homepage/barbie/barbie.html

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <title>sadgrl.online</title> <meta property="og:image" content="https://sadgrl.online/images/og/homepage.png" /> <meta property="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/style.css" /> <script src="/assets/scripts/load.js"></script> <script src="https://yesterweb.org/js/widget.js" defer></script> <script src="//gc.zgo.at/count.js" data-goatcounter="https://sadgrl.goatcounter.com/count" async></script> <link rel="icon" href="/assets/images/fav.gif" type="image/gif" /> </head> <body> <div id="container"> <div class="topbar"> </div> <div id="flex"> <main> <div class="title">  Internet manifesto</div> <div class="content"> <p><em>"The villain here is not necessarily the Internet, or even the idea of social media; it is the invasive logic of commercial social media and its financial incentive to keep us in a profitable state of anxiety, envy, and distraction. It is furthermore the cult of individuality and personal branding that grow out of such platforms and affect the way we think about our offline selves and the places where we actually live."</em> - Jenny Odell, How to Do Nothing</p> <p>In the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230417093525/https://sadgrl.online/cyberspace/internet-manifesto" target="_blank">earlier iterations of this manifesto</a>, I made the mistake of focusing too heavily on the creation of personal websites as the main method of fighting against the exploitative capitalist hellscape that has become our Internet.</p> <p>I've since learned that there's more we can do to transform the internet that goes far beyond the act of creating a website, so I wanted to update this page with new information.</p> <p>For example, we can work on transforming social relations online. This is something that anyone can participate in, with a little effort. Social relations online (especially on social media) tend to be divisive and hostile. It's easy to forget that there are real people on the other side of the screen.</p> <p>To work on this, we could start by keeping others' humanity in mind and treating them with respect. When conflict eventually happens, we would turn that conflict into something constructive. That means using conflict as an opportunity to come to a mutual and better understanding of each other's viewpoints. (Note: This doesn't apply to trolls, people who intentionally try to instigate hostility or arguments online.)</p> <p>The internet has normalized debating with each other. In debates, there can only be one 'winner'. The net has also normalized a lack of nuance (a gray area in between the two extremes) which tends to be divisive.</p> <p>It would be infinitely more constructive if, instead of debating with others, we started a dialogue, working together 'on the same team' as others in order to form a common understanding. This is different than "agreeing to disagree" and more like making an effort to listen and view something from each individual's perspective. It requires being open to changing your perspective in the first place.</p> <p>In order to discuss social relations online, it's impossible to ignore social media. Originally, I felt that social media was pure toxicity and there was no benefit at all from being a part of it. It exploits us by selling our data and bombarding us with ads, and is full of trolls. At the same time, it's where the people are. It's how many people keep in touch with their friends, and leaving social media would be even more alienating than continuing to use it.</p> <p>We shouldn't shame others for using social media. As long as people continue to use it, we should advocate for learning to use those platforms in different, healthier and more humanizing ways. For example, we could do this by placing less effort on 'liking' posts and more effort on responding to them with an intention to make a real connection with its author.</p> <p>The default goal on social media is to amass followers and likes, rather than to make meaningful connections with other people, and that's something we can counter by changing our behavior.</p> <p>Parasocial relationships are another strange distortion of social relations that have become much more commonplace online. These are the relations between influencers or social media 'personalities' and their fans / followers, and is another example of unequal and potentially alienating / dehumanizing interaction online, often for all parties involved.</p> <p>As a brief aside, it brings me much 'ick' to acknowledge that my website is at the top of Neocities "most followed" sites. This was my experience being 'parasocialed' against my will: what started as a spotlight on my space quickly started feeling like a target on my back. Because I have amassed thousands of followers, I have apparently somehow become less human, less approachable, and more easily abstracted into an idea or a concept. It's easier for people to wonder aloud about me and my personal life in social spaces, or to publicly cast judgment on my actions, or in some cases, create untrue stories about my actions to begin with. It's an intensely unpleasant and dehumanizing experience.</p> <p>Neocities is more than a web host, it is technically social media. I would define it this way based on the ability for accounts to follow and be followed, the ability to find other websites via tags and the directory, and the ability to comment on one another's site profiles. Creating and maintaining a static website tends to be a solitary act, but Neocities brings this to the next level with the implementation of 'social' features. This means we can even practice transforming social relations here, by creating meaningful connections with our fellow webmasters in whichever ways are available to us (profile comments, email, Discord, etc.)</p> <p>The other thing we can do is to create our own spaces. The best spaces I have encountered online are small spaces: group chats, very small servers with less than 20 people. In my experiences (especially with the Yesterweb) it becomes harder to make meaningful connections in a sea of hundreds, thousands or more.</p> <p>The <a href="https://yesterweb.org/#summary" target"_blank">experience summary of the Yesterweb community</a> explains in-depth the highlights and headwinds of our experience organizing a community with an overarching goal to make real, social change.</p> <p>On a final note, I want to remind everyone that the problems we're experiencing on the web are reflections of the same problems that exist in real life.</p> <p>&hearts;</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> </div> </main> <aside> <div class="sidebar-title">  Navigation</div> <nav id="nav"> </nav> </aside> </div> <footer id="footer"></footer> </div> </body> </html>

sadgrl.online Internet manifesto *"The villain here is not necessarily the Internet, or even the idea of social media; it is the invasive logic of commercial social media and its financial incentive to keep us in a profitable state of anxiety, envy, and distraction. It is furthermore the cult of individuality and personal branding that grow out of such platforms and affect the way we think about our offline selves and the places where we actually live."* - Jenny Odell, How to Do Nothing In the [earlier iterations of this manifesto](https://web.archive.org/web/20230417093525/https://sadgrl.online/cyberspace/internet-manifesto), I made the mistake of focusing too heavily on the creation of personal websites as the main method of fighting against the exploitative capitalist hellscape that has become our Internet. I've since learned that there's more we can do to transform the internet that goes far beyond the act of creating a website, so I wanted to update this page with new information. For example, we can work on transforming social relations online. This is something that anyone can participate in, with a little effort. Social relations online (especially on social media) tend to be divisive and hostile. It's easy to forget that there are real people on the other side of the screen. To work on this, we could start by keeping others' humanity in mind and treating them with respect. When conflict eventually happens, we would turn that conflict into something constructive. That means using conflict as an opportunity to come to a mutual and better understanding of each other's viewpoints. (Note: This doesn't apply to trolls, people who intentionally try to instigate hostility or arguments online.) The internet has normalized debating with each other. In debates, there can only be one 'winner'. The net has also normalized a lack of nuance (a gray area in between the two extremes) which tends to be divisive. It would be infinitely more constructive if, instead of debating with others, we started a dialogue, working together 'on the same team' as others in order to form a common understanding. This is different than "agreeing to disagree" and more like making an effort to listen and view something from each individual's perspective. It requires being open to changing your perspective in the first place. In order to discuss social relations online, it's impossible to ignore social media. Originally, I felt that social media was pure toxicity and there was no benefit at all from being a part of it. It exploits us by selling our data and bombarding us with ads, and is full of trolls. At the same time, it's where the people are. It's how many people keep in touch with their friends, and leaving social media would be even more alienating than continuing to use it. We shouldn't shame others for using social media. As long as people continue to use it, we should advocate for learning to use those platforms in different, healthier and more humanizing ways. For example, we could do this by placing less effort on 'liking' posts and more effort on responding to them with an intention to make a real connection with its author. The default goal on social media is to amass followers and likes, rather than to make meaningful connections with other people, and that's something we can counter by changing our behavior. Parasocial relationships are another strange distortion of social relations that have become much more commonplace online. These are the relations between influencers or social media 'personalities' and their fans / followers, and is another example of unequal and potentially alienating / dehumanizing interaction online, often for all parties involved. As a brief aside, it brings me much 'ick' to acknowledge that my website is at the top of Neocities "most followed" sites. This was my experience being 'parasocialed' against my will: what started as a spotlight on my space quickly started feeling like a target on my back. Because I have amassed thousands of followers, I have apparently somehow become less human, less approachable, and more easily abstracted into an idea or a concept. It's easier for people to wonder aloud about me and my personal life in social spaces, or to publicly cast judgment on my actions, or in some cases, create untrue stories about my actions to begin with. It's an intensely unpleasant and dehumanizing experience. Neocities is more than a web host, it is technically social media. I would define it this way based on the ability for accounts to follow and be followed, the ability to find other websites via tags and the directory, and the ability to comment on one another's site profiles. Creating and maintaining a static website tends to be a solitary act, but Neocities brings this to the next level with the implementation of 'social' features. This means we can even practice transforming social relations here, by creating meaningful connections with our fellow webmasters in whichever ways are available to us (profile comments, email, Discord, etc.) The other thing we can do is to create our own spaces. The best spaces I have encountered online are small spaces: group chats, very small servers with less than 20 people. In my experiences (especially with the Yesterweb) it becomes harder to make meaningful connections in a sea of hundreds, thousands or more. The [experience summary of the Yesterweb community](https://yesterweb.org/#summary) explains in-depth the highlights and headwinds of our experience organizing a community with an overarching goal to make real, social change. On a final note, I want to remind everyone that the problems we're experiencing on the web are reflections of the same problems that exist in real life. ♥ Navigation

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<HTML> <HEAD> <! Created with Key Internet Publisher> <TITLE></TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY BGCOLOR="#8080FF"> <H1 ALIGN=LEFT><TR><BASEFONT SIZE=3><FONT SIZE=7 COLOR=#FF0000><I><B><U> BS!</U> (a.k.a)Boarding School...</B></I></FONT></BASEFONT></TR></H1> <P ALIGN=CENTER><A HREF="boys.html"><IMG SRC="aniheart.gif" ALIGN=BASELINE BORDER=0 WIDTH=41 HEIGHT=41>Boys Will Be Boys (Thank God For That)</A>|<A HREF="girls.html"> <IMG SRC="pamela.gif" ALIGN=BASELINE BORDER=0 WIDTH=75 HEIGHT=119>Those ever so innocent girls</A> |<A HREF="life.html"><P> <P><IMG SRC="open.gif" ALIGN=BASELINE BORDER=0 WIDTH=95 HEIGHT=82>The stuff TV movies are made of</A> |<A HREF="link.html"><IMG SRC="earthd.gif" ALIGN=BASELINE BORDER=0 WIDTH=51 HEIGHT=51></A> <A HREF="linkz.htm">Links to anywhere but here</A> | <P> <P><A HREF="myplace.html"><IMG SRC="calvin.gif">Back to the dorm</A>&#124<A HREF="subculture.html"><IMG SRC="skull.gif">   SUBCULTURE attacks these pages!<P> <P><A HREF="RAVER.html"><IMG SRC="super_saucer.gif">   RAVE WORLD, the night is young!</P> <P ALIGN=LEFT></A><HR ALIGN= SIZE=3 WIDTH=100%></P> <P ALIGN=LEFT></FONT><FONT SIZE=3 COLOR=#400080>Colleges Please click <A HREF="austin.html">*here*</A> </P> <P ALIGN=LEFT></FONT><FONT SIZE=+3 COLOR=#0000FF>BE sure to e-mail me for my monthly warning letter- so you'll know when we update!</P> <P ALIGN=LEFT><HR ALIGN= SIZE=3 WIDTH=100%></P> <P ALIGN=LEFT><IMG SRC="winkingface.gif"></FONT><FONT SIZE=+2 COLOR=#80FFFF>WELCOME COLLEGES! </FONT><FONT SIZE=3 COLOR=#400080>These pages are so you can get to know me. They are a <U>farce</U> about my daily world, and just another reason why you should send me a big thick envelope come spring time! Please click <A HREF="austin.html">*here*</A> </P> <P ALIGN=LEFT><HR ALIGN= SIZE=3 WIDTH=100%></P> <P ALIGN=LEFT><IMG SRC="Kent2.gif"></FONT><FONT SIZE=3 COLOR=#0000A0>Welcome to a place that isn't Y2K fool proof....My school is the kind of place where the writers of soap operas come to get inspired. HighSchool sure wasn't like this in the comic books. For the clean cut, straight to the facts look at the social scene at Kent Boarding School <I>who's hot and who's just to full of themselves</I> </FONT><FONT SIZE=3 COLOR=#FFFF00> <A HREF="life.html"></FONT><FONT SIZE=3 COLOR=#FF0000>read on...</FONT><FONT SIZE=3 COLOR=#FFFF00> </P> <ADDRESS ALIGN=LEFT></A><IMG SRC="littleguy01.gif"></A></FONT><FONT SIZE=4 COLOR=#FFFF00><I>Want more? Questions or comments? Either keep 'em to yourself or write to me at <A HREF="MAILTO:">TheSparkle@aol.com</A> </I></FONT></BASEFONT></TR></ADDRESS> <P ALIGN=LEFT>Guest books are for cool people too! Leave your mark at BS!(a.k.a Boarding School)<P><TR> <P ALIGN=LEFT> [<a href="http://mars.GuestPage.com/home/view.rc?LoginName=madamsxe">View My Guestbook</a>] [<a href="http://mars.GuestPage.com/home/sign.rc?LoginName=madamsxe">Sign My Guestbook</a>] <a href="http://mars.GuestPage.com/logo/?id=madamsxe"> <img src="http://206.161.225.52/glogo.gif" border=0 alt="Free Guestbook by Guestpage"></a> <P> <P ALIGN=LEFT> Now I've had this page for about 3 years now and thats a lot of people, but now I have a COUNTER!!! So your the<P> <P>  <a href="http://member.bcentral.com/cgi-bin/fc/fastcounter-login?1671758" target="_top"> <img border="0" src="http://fastcounter.bcentral.com/fastcounter?1671758+3343523"></a>  <br>  <font face="arial" size="1"> <a href="http://fastcounter.bcentral.com/fc-join" target="_top">FastCounter by bcentral</a> </font><br> <P> <P>person here since 12/26/99 </BODY> </HTML>

# | ***BS! (a.k.a)Boarding School...*** | | [![](aniheart.gif)Boys Will Be Boys (Thank God For That)](boys.html)| [![](pamela.gif)Those ever so innocent girls](girls.html) |[![](open.gif)The stuff TV movies are made of](life.html) |[![](earthd.gif)](link.html) [Links to anywhere but here](linkz.htm) | [![](calvin.gif)Back to the dorm](myplace.html)|[![](skull.gif) SUBCULTURE attacks these pages! [![](super_saucer.gif) RAVE WORLD, the night is young!](RAVER.html)](subculture.html) --- Colleges Please click [\*here\*](austin.html) BE sure to e-mail me for my monthly warning letter- so you'll know when we update! --- ![](winkingface.gif)WELCOME COLLEGES! These pages are so you can get to know me. They are a farce about my daily world, and just another reason why you should send me a big thick envelope come spring time! Please click [\*here\*](austin.html) --- ![](Kent2.gif)Welcome to a place that isn't Y2K fool proof....My school is the kind of place where the writers of soap operas come to get inspired. HighSchool sure wasn't like this in the comic books. For the clean cut, straight to the facts look at the social scene at Kent Boarding School *who's hot and who's just to full of themselves* read on... ![](littleguy01.gif)*Want more? Questions or comments? Either keep 'em to yourself or write to me at [TheSparkle@aol.com](MAILTO:)* Guest books are for cool people too! Leave your mark at BS!(a.k.a Boarding School)| [[View My Guestbook](http://mars.GuestPage.com/home/view.rc?LoginName=madamsxe)] [[Sign My Guestbook](http://mars.GuestPage.com/home/sign.rc?LoginName=madamsxe)] [![Free Guestbook by Guestpage](http://206.161.225.52/glogo.gif)](http://mars.GuestPage.com/logo/?id=madamsxe) Now I've had this page for about 3 years now and thats a lot of people, but now I have a COUNTER!!! So your the [![](http://fastcounter.bcentral.com/fastcounter?1671758+3343523)](http://member.bcentral.com/cgi-bin/fc/fastcounter-login?1671758) [FastCounter by bcentral](http://fastcounter.bcentral.com/fc-join) person here since 12/26/99 | |

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<html> <head><title>The Toro Clock Project</title></head> <body> <center><h1>The Toro Clock Project</h1></center><br> <center><img src="toro_clock.png" hspace="20" vspace="20"><img src="anim_clock.gif"></center> <p> <u><b><font size="3">Latest News</font></b></u><br> <b><br> </b> <div style="margin-left: 40px;"> 2012/12/05 -- Check out the fully-functional clock which now hangs on my office wall. <a href="toro_onwall.3gp"><img border=2 src="toro_onwall_preview.png" hspace="20" vspace="20"></a><a href="backside.jpg"><img border=2 src="backside_small.jpg"></a><br> 2011/09/09 -- A DS1620 3-wire temperature sensor has been added to the clock. A <a href="toro_timetemp.mp4">short video</a> of the new feature is available<br> 2011/07/18 -- After the addition of pushbuttons for time setting, my TORO processor has begun its new life as a timekeeper. I'm in the process of moving everything over from Google Sites to here, so please forgive broken links and bad HTML.<br> <br> 2011/04/25 -- Wow. Time flies, but the good news is that fixing an errant chip select on the MC6822 was the key to all my display woes. New videos are available in the Tidbits area. More details to follow...<br> <br> 2010/07/21 -- TORO clock counts seconds! I'm not doing digit decoding right now, so it just makes funky shapes on the LED displays. Check out the movie in the <a href="https://sites.google.com/site/zmetzing/home/toro-clock-project/tidbits">Tidbits</a> area! <br> (there are still some issues with the 6822 IIA acting flakey. With all segments on, it's sinking 80mA.. might need to go to discrete NPNs for segment drive)<br> </div> <b><br> Background<br> <br> </b>Back in 1997, I was attending Kansas State University and pursuing a Computer Engineering degree. One of the required courses in the curriculum was EECE643 "Computer Engineering Design Lab", where were were to design and implement a simple 8-bit microprocessor in programmable logic.<br> <br> We'd be working in teams of two.. except that there were an odd number of students in the class. I'd previously taken courses with the instructor, Dr. John Devore, and he asked me if I'd be ok with working on my own. I was really excited to finally get some "hands-on" time with real hardware (theory only takes you so far).<br> <br> The task: Implement the "TORO" 8-bit processor in programmable array logic. Dr. Devore would provide us the specification, but we were to come up with internal implementation on our own. Additionally, we were given three implementation options. The first was to use 5 PALCE22V10s. Dr. Devore assured us that our design was virtually guaranteed to fit. The second option was to use only 4 22V10s and "work really hard to make it fit". If successful, we would receive extra credit (my memory is a bit fuzzy what that meant). Finally, we had the option to use the more complex MACH211 device, which was essentially 4 22V10s in one 44-pin PLCC.  This path would also qualify for extra credit.<br> <br> Given my inherently lazy nature, I decided I didn't want to wire all those chips together and picked the MACH211 option. This choice would let me keep all the control logic internal, or so I thought.<br> <br> Everything went well as the weeks passed, until I got a cryptic error one day indicating "product terms exceeded" from PALASM. Being new to programmable logic, I tried in vain for days to reduce logic terms and get my %!@# design to fit. Eventually, I gave up and asked Dr. Devore if I could use an additional 22V10 for control logic. As I recall, he hadn't implemented this in the '211 and was sympathetic to my plight.<br> <br> Finally, with more wiring and the extra 22V10 in place, I performed initial bring-up. Everything looked good .. no shorts in power/ground, no excessive current indicating outputs fighting each other. It was time to plug my processor into the RAM / ROM / I/O board. There was only one such board, and we were given opportunities to test our designs during lab. The I/O board was wired up to a VT100 terminal and would run a simple program of Dr. Devore's design to exercise the CPU. <br> <br> The 24-pin bus between my CPU and Dr. Devore's board was attached and power applied. While I was happy that the VT100 terminal spat out something that <i>looked</i> like the test program output, it was apparent that something was wrong. The test program would write out a few characters, then appear to restart and do it all over again. I don't recall how we found the solution, but Dr. Devore suggested that I add bypass caps to my design. In my haste, I hadn't put down the "standard issue" 100nF caps for power bypass.<br> <br> Once the new bypass caps were in place, the CPU ran like a champ! From what I can recall, the test program asked for your name and a number, then proceeded to print out "Hello <name>" the specified number of times. <br> <br> <b>A Dusty Drawer</b><br> <br> Fast-foward 13 years and I'm working for a semiconductor company in Dallas, TX as a software engineer. Most of the time, I'm writing some bit of software, but I occasionally get to dig into hardware design to help track down design bugs in our processors. <br> <br> One day, while cleaning out a drawer in my study, I find my old TORO CPU board, still wrapped in its protective anti-static bag. Thinking back on my times at KSU, I wonder if I could get it going again and make it do something useful; I decided to make TORO into a wall clock, complete with 1.5" tall green LED 7-segment displays.<br> <br> <b>TORO - The Processor<br> </b><br> TORO is pretty limited, but that adds to the challenge!<br> <ul><li>The address bus is 8 bits wide, providing 256 bytes of memory space. Each opcode takes at least one extra follow-on byte, so the largest program could only be 128 immediate-mode operations. <br> </li> <li>The ALU is capable of addition and logical AND, as well as complement during LOAD/STORE</li> <li>I/O is memory mapped, so that carves a chunk out of our available program space as well. <br> </li> <li>TORO has no scratch registers, only an accumulator, so some external RAM is a must</li></ul> Instructions are decoded by the 22V10 and drive control signals into the MACH211, where the accumulator, ALU, and program counter live. The 22V10 also generates a 3-bit instruction clock from the system clock which is used to sequence memory access and ALU operations.<br> <br> <div class="sites-codeblock sites-codesnippet-block"><code>Instruction Format</code><br> <br> <code>        76543210</code><br> <code>        OOQQMM--</code><br> <br> <code>        OO = Operation Class    QQ = Qualifier  |       MM = Addressing Mode</code><br> <code>                                                |       </code><br> <code>        00 Load                 X0 Normal       |       00 Immediate</code><br> <code>                                X1 Complement   |       01 Direct</code><br> <code>        01 Store                XX Normal       |       10 Indirect</code><br> <code>        10 ALU                  X0 Add          </code><br> <code>                                X1 And</code><br> <code>        11 Branch               00 Always</code><br> <code>                                01 C</code><br> <code>                                10 N</code><br> <code>                                11 Z</code><br> <br> </div> <br> <b>The TORO Clock</b><br> <br> <div>I began by constructing an memory and I/O board to replace the board which was originally part of Dr. Devore's setup. This board also supplies the system clock, which runs at 32.768 kHz and drives a binary counter which divides the clock by 32768. This is convenient, as it provides me with a 1 pulse per second output. I'm using the Maxim (nee Dallas Semiconductor, my employer) DS32KHZ Temperature-Compensated Crystal Oscillator as the clock source, for stability reasons.<br> <br> The address and data busses are multiplexed, so a 74LS273 was required to latch the address. The lazy-man's approach was taken and the '273 latches address data on every falling clock.<br> <br> Since I needed RAM, ROM, and some I/O to live in the memory map, I used PALCE20V8 to decode the address. The PAL also performs a bank-switch function. Any write to the 0xF_ addresses will use the lower four data bus bits to select one of 16 ROM banks. <br> <br> Memory is decoded as follows:<br> <ul><li>0x00 - 0xBF ROM (depends on bank switch bits from 20V8, initially all zeroes)</li> <li>0xC0 - 0xDF RAM</li> <li>0xE0 - 0xEF MC6822 Industrial Interface Adapter (IIA) .. salvaged this from a  dead TRS-80 and had been in my parts bin forever</li> <li>0xF0 - 0xFF Bank Switch</li></ul> As an aside on the MC6822 IIA, which is a cousin of the MC6821 PIA (pain in the ???): The IIA requires some screwy interfacing when connected to TORO. Originally, I thought I could simply use it as any other I/O chip I've seen. I was wrong-- The chip select line has very little to do with the output enable for this device. Instead, signals are referenced to the E clock signal. Address and data are latched on the rising edge of E, and output drivers are switched off shortly after E clock falls. Additionally, 80ns of setup time before E is required of /CS in order for the 6822 to play nicely. Finally, if you want the interrupt flags to work right, you have to provide E clocks while /CS is de-asserted. This is not immediately clear from the data sheet, and drove me batty for a week until I re-read the paragraph detailing the "conditioning of the edge-sense network". <br> <br> The MC6822 is an open-drain version of the MC6821, and can sink up to 10mA per pin (subject to power dissipation limits).<br> <br> I use a small "trampoline" routine in RAM to change ROM banks. TORO has no native CALL/RETURN (or even a stack for that matter), so two RAM locations hold the desired bank and return address. I have a macro in my assembler which synthesizes a page switch this way.<br> <br> <b>Current progress<br> </b><br> The memory and I/O board is nearly complete. TORO can run programs stored in ROM, read/write RAM, and exercise the IIA's port pins. I currently have a simple program counting the 1-second clock ticks and incrementing PA0-PA7. <br> <br> The LED display board is currently in work, but should be complete soon.<br> <br> A few pictures of TORO in various stages of completion:<br> <br> <div style="display: block; margin-top: 5px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center;"> <img src="toro_live.jpg" border="0"></div> <div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: center;"><i>TORO starts to live after getting ROM, RAM, and address decoding wired up on the daughterboard</i>.<br> <i>The TIL311 hexadecimal displays were added to debug the design. Green LEDs show the instruction cycle timer, while red LEDs show ALU carry, zero, and negative.<br> (Those TIL311s get HOT! I estimate around 200mA for the both of them)<br> </i> </div> <div style="text-align: left;"><br> <div style="display: block; text-align: center; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;"><br> <img src="toro_esd.jpg" border="0"> </div> <div style="text-align: center;"><i>The daughterboard is now fully populated with system clock & RTC generation (DS32KHZ and 74LV8154) and the MC6822 IIA</i><br> <br> </div> </div> <div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: center;"> <div style="text-align: left;"><br> <img src="toro_leds.jpg" border="0"></div> <div style="text-align: center;"><i>The LED display board is partially complete. The displays are common-anode, so PNP transistors are used for digit select (top).<br> Two pushbuttons, HOUR and MINUTE, will be routed into the '6822 IIA interrupt inputs to detect time-setting presses.<br> </i></div> <br> In the <a href="https://sites.google.com/site/zmetzing/home/toro-clock-project/tidbits">Tidbits</a> area, you can find a short video of TORO running a test program. <br> </div> </div> </div> <hr> <p> <center>Go to the <a href="https://www.homebrewcpuring.org/">Homebrew CPU homepage</a> for others who have homebrewed CPUs!</center> </body> </html>

The Toro Clock Project # The Toro Clock Project ![](toro_clock.png)![](anim_clock.gif) **Latest News** 2012/12/05 -- Check out the fully-functional clock which now hangs on my office wall. [![](toro_onwall_preview.png)](toro_onwall.3gp)[![](backside_small.jpg)](backside.jpg) 2011/09/09 -- A DS1620 3-wire temperature sensor has been added to the clock. A [short video](toro_timetemp.mp4) of the new feature is available 2011/07/18 -- After the addition of pushbuttons for time setting, my TORO processor has begun its new life as a timekeeper. I'm in the process of moving everything over from Google Sites to here, so please forgive broken links and bad HTML. 2011/04/25 -- Wow. Time flies, but the good news is that fixing an errant chip select on the MC6822 was the key to all my display woes. New videos are available in the Tidbits area. More details to follow... 2010/07/21 -- TORO clock counts seconds! I'm not doing digit decoding right now, so it just makes funky shapes on the LED displays. Check out the movie in the [Tidbits](https://sites.google.com/site/zmetzing/home/toro-clock-project/tidbits) area! (there are still some issues with the 6822 IIA acting flakey. With all segments on, it's sinking 80mA.. might need to go to discrete NPNs for segment drive) **Background**Back in 1997, I was attending Kansas State University and pursuing a Computer Engineering degree. One of the required courses in the curriculum was EECE643 "Computer Engineering Design Lab", where were were to design and implement a simple 8-bit microprocessor in programmable logic. We'd be working in teams of two.. except that there were an odd number of students in the class. I'd previously taken courses with the instructor, Dr. John Devore, and he asked me if I'd be ok with working on my own. I was really excited to finally get some "hands-on" time with real hardware (theory only takes you so far). The task: Implement the "TORO" 8-bit processor in programmable array logic. Dr. Devore would provide us the specification, but we were to come up with internal implementation on our own. Additionally, we were given three implementation options. The first was to use 5 PALCE22V10s. Dr. Devore assured us that our design was virtually guaranteed to fit. The second option was to use only 4 22V10s and "work really hard to make it fit". If successful, we would receive extra credit (my memory is a bit fuzzy what that meant). Finally, we had the option to use the more complex MACH211 device, which was essentially 4 22V10s in one 44-pin PLCC. This path would also qualify for extra credit. Given my inherently lazy nature, I decided I didn't want to wire all those chips together and picked the MACH211 option. This choice would let me keep all the control logic internal, or so I thought. Everything went well as the weeks passed, until I got a cryptic error one day indicating "product terms exceeded" from PALASM. Being new to programmable logic, I tried in vain for days to reduce logic terms and get my %!@# design to fit. Eventually, I gave up and asked Dr. Devore if I could use an additional 22V10 for control logic. As I recall, he hadn't implemented this in the '211 and was sympathetic to my plight. Finally, with more wiring and the extra 22V10 in place, I performed initial bring-up. Everything looked good .. no shorts in power/ground, no excessive current indicating outputs fighting each other. It was time to plug my processor into the RAM / ROM / I/O board. There was only one such board, and we were given opportunities to test our designs during lab. The I/O board was wired up to a VT100 terminal and would run a simple program of Dr. Devore's design to exercise the CPU. The 24-pin bus between my CPU and Dr. Devore's board was attached and power applied. While I was happy that the VT100 terminal spat out something that *looked* like the test program output, it was apparent that something was wrong. The test program would write out a few characters, then appear to restart and do it all over again. I don't recall how we found the solution, but Dr. Devore suggested that I add bypass caps to my design. In my haste, I hadn't put down the "standard issue" 100nF caps for power bypass. Once the new bypass caps were in place, the CPU ran like a champ! From what I can recall, the test program asked for your name and a number, then proceeded to print out "Hello <name>" the specified number of times. **A Dusty Drawer** Fast-foward 13 years and I'm working for a semiconductor company in Dallas, TX as a software engineer. Most of the time, I'm writing some bit of software, but I occasionally get to dig into hardware design to help track down design bugs in our processors. One day, while cleaning out a drawer in my study, I find my old TORO CPU board, still wrapped in its protective anti-static bag. Thinking back on my times at KSU, I wonder if I could get it going again and make it do something useful; I decided to make TORO into a wall clock, complete with 1.5" tall green LED 7-segment displays. **TORO - The Processor** TORO is pretty limited, but that adds to the challenge! * The address bus is 8 bits wide, providing 256 bytes of memory space. Each opcode takes at least one extra follow-on byte, so the largest program could only be 128 immediate-mode operations. * The ALU is capable of addition and logical AND, as well as complement during LOAD/STORE * I/O is memory mapped, so that carves a chunk out of our available program space as well. * TORO has no scratch registers, only an accumulator, so some external RAM is a must Instructions are decoded by the 22V10 and drive control signals into the MACH211, where the accumulator, ALU, and program counter live. The 22V10 also generates a 3-bit instruction clock from the system clock which is used to sequence memory access and ALU operations. `Instruction Format` `76543210` `OOQQMM--` `OO = Operation Class QQ = Qualifier | MM = Addressing Mode` `|` `00 Load X0 Normal | 00 Immediate` `X1 Complement | 01 Direct` `01 Store XX Normal | 10 Indirect` `10 ALU X0 Add` `X1 And` `11 Branch 00 Always` `01 C` `10 N` `11 Z` **The TORO Clock** I began by constructing an memory and I/O board to replace the board which was originally part of Dr. Devore's setup. This board also supplies the system clock, which runs at 32.768 kHz and drives a binary counter which divides the clock by 32768. This is convenient, as it provides me with a 1 pulse per second output. I'm using the Maxim (nee Dallas Semiconductor, my employer) DS32KHZ Temperature-Compensated Crystal Oscillator as the clock source, for stability reasons. The address and data busses are multiplexed, so a 74LS273 was required to latch the address. The lazy-man's approach was taken and the '273 latches address data on every falling clock. Since I needed RAM, ROM, and some I/O to live in the memory map, I used PALCE20V8 to decode the address. The PAL also performs a bank-switch function. Any write to the 0xF\_ addresses will use the lower four data bus bits to select one of 16 ROM banks. Memory is decoded as follows: * 0x00 - 0xBF ROM (depends on bank switch bits from 20V8, initially all zeroes) * 0xC0 - 0xDF RAM * 0xE0 - 0xEF MC6822 Industrial Interface Adapter (IIA) .. salvaged this from a dead TRS-80 and had been in my parts bin forever * 0xF0 - 0xFF Bank Switch As an aside on the MC6822 IIA, which is a cousin of the MC6821 PIA (pain in the ???): The IIA requires some screwy interfacing when connected to TORO. Originally, I thought I could simply use it as any other I/O chip I've seen. I was wrong-- The chip select line has very little to do with the output enable for this device. Instead, signals are referenced to the E clock signal. Address and data are latched on the rising edge of E, and output drivers are switched off shortly after E clock falls. Additionally, 80ns of setup time before E is required of /CS in order for the 6822 to play nicely. Finally, if you want the interrupt flags to work right, you have to provide E clocks while /CS is de-asserted. This is not immediately clear from the data sheet, and drove me batty for a week until I re-read the paragraph detailing the "conditioning of the edge-sense network". The MC6822 is an open-drain version of the MC6821, and can sink up to 10mA per pin (subject to power dissipation limits). I use a small "trampoline" routine in RAM to change ROM banks. TORO has no native CALL/RETURN (or even a stack for that matter), so two RAM locations hold the desired bank and return address. I have a macro in my assembler which synthesizes a page switch this way. **Current progress** The memory and I/O board is nearly complete. TORO can run programs stored in ROM, read/write RAM, and exercise the IIA's port pins. I currently have a simple program counting the 1-second clock ticks and incrementing PA0-PA7. The LED display board is currently in work, but should be complete soon. A few pictures of TORO in various stages of completion: ![](toro_live.jpg) *TORO starts to live after getting ROM, RAM, and address decoding wired up on the daughterboard*. *The TIL311 hexadecimal displays were added to debug the design. Green LEDs show the instruction cycle timer, while red LEDs show ALU carry, zero, and negative. (Those TIL311s get HOT! I estimate around 200mA for the both of them)* ![](toro_esd.jpg) *The daughterboard is now fully populated with system clock & RTC generation (DS32KHZ and 74LV8154) and the MC6822 IIA* ![](toro_leds.jpg) *The LED display board is partially complete. The displays are common-anode, so PNP transistors are used for digit select (top). Two pushbuttons, HOUR and MINUTE, will be routed into the '6822 IIA interrupt inputs to detect time-setting presses.* In the [Tidbits](https://sites.google.com/site/zmetzing/home/toro-clock-project/tidbits) area, you can find a short video of TORO running a test program. --- Go to the [Homebrew CPU homepage](https://www.homebrewcpuring.org/) for others who have homebrewed CPUs!

http://www.praxibetel.org/toro/toro.html

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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Billie W. Taylor II, Ph.D. Pipe Collector</title> <link rel="icon" href="favicon.ico"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="w3.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="w3-theme-maroon.css"> <script src="slideshow.js"></script> </head> <body class="w3-text-theme" >  <header style="float: left; margin: -20px 0 30px 0; padding: 5px 0 0 0; width: 100%;">  <div class="w3-center"> <p><iframe src="menu.html" title="Menu" style="width:100%; height:100%; border:0; margin:0 0 0 0; padding:0 0 0 0;"></iframe></p> <h1 style="margin-top:-80px;">Billie W. Taylor II, Ph.D.<br> Pipe Collector</h1> </div> </header> <div class="w3-row w3-container w3-center"> <p><a href="http://www.billietaylor.com" target="_blank"> <img src="images/0818billoffice.jpg" alt="Dr. Taylor" title="Visit Dr. Taylor's Personal Web Site" style="max-width:636px; width:100%;"><br> <span class="w3-tiny">Visit Dr. Taylor's Personal Web Site</span></a></p> <h1 style="margin-bottom:0%">Welcome to www.thepipe.info!</h1> <h4 style="margin-top:0%">Everything you want to know about <strong><em>the pipe, THE SMOKE, </em></strong>and<strong><em> Venturi</em></strong> pipes.</h4> </div> <div class="w3-container w3-text-theme"> <h3 class="w3-center w3-theme-dark">My Pipe Collection at Home</h3> </div> <div class="w3-center w3-container w3-text-theme"> <form name=slideform> <img src="images/display/01mantle.jpg" id="show" style="max-width:640px; width:100%;"> <p class="w3-small"> <select name="slide" onChange="change();"> <option value="images/display/01mantle.jpg">Oyster White - Morocco Grey - Ash Grey</option> <option value="images/display/02mantle.jpg">Ebony - Coral - Raspberry</option> <option value="images/display/03mantle.jpg">CA Style - Burnt Orange - CA Rose</option> <option value="images/display/04mantle.jpg">Burgundy Red - Maroon - TarGards</option> <option value="images/display/05mantle.jpg">Federal Gold - my first two in front</option> <option value="images/display/06mantle.jpg">Avocado - Sage - Forest - Rare - Real</option> <option value="images/display/07mantle.jpg">English - Horizon - Mocha Brown - Pro</option> <option value="images/display/08mantle.jpg">Venturi - THE SMOKE - featherROCK</option> <option value="images/display/09shelfright.jpg">Distributor and Dealer flyers</option> <option value="images/display/10shelfleft.jpg">Made-in-England - All-American</option> <option value="images/display/11casetop.jpg">Other pipes on top - packaging</option> <option value="images/display/12casecenter.jpg">Literature enclosed with pipes</option> <option value="images/display/13casebottom.jpg">Accessories - Promos - TarGard</option> </select> </p> <p> <input type=button class="w3-tiny" onclick="first();" value="|<<" title="Beginning"> <input type=button class="w3-tiny" onclick="previous();" value="<<" title="Previous"> <input type=button name="slidebutton" onclick="ap(this.value);" value="Start" title="AutoPlay"> <input type=button class="w3-tiny" onclick="next();" value=">>" title="Next"> <input type=button class="w3-tiny" onclick="last();" value=">>|" title="End"> </p> </form> </div> <div class="w3-container w3-text-theme"> <h3 class="w3-center w3-theme-dark">Missing Exemplars</h3> </div> <div class="w3-container w3-text-theme w3-padding"> As you viewed the slide show you may have noticed some empty slots on the pipe racks. I am missing a few the pipe color/shape combinations. If you have one of these and would like to help me out, pick any pipe from My Collection <a href="collectn/chart_t.html"> Pipes for Sale or Trade page</a> or let me know your price! <div class="w3-row-padding w3-center w3-margin-top"> <div class="w3-third"> <img src="images/needashbent.jpg" width="200" height="92" alt="Ash Grey Bent"> </div> <div class="w3-third"> <img src="images/needcoralbent.jpg" width="200" height="92" alt="Coral Bent"> </div> <div class="w3-third"> <img src="images/needhbbent.jpg" width="200" height="92" alt="Horizon Blue Bent"> </div> </div> <div class="w3-row-padding w3-center w3-margin-top"> <div class="w3-third"> <img src="images/needforgnbill.jpg" width="200" height="92" alt="Forest Green Billiard"> </div> <div class="w3-third"> <img src="images/needforgnbull.jpg" width="200" height="92" alt="Forest Green Bulldog"> </div> <div class="w3-third"> <img src="images/needforgndub.jpg" width="200" height="92" alt="Forest Green Dublin"> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="w3-center"> <p><iframe src="footer.html" title="footer" style="width:100%; height:375px; border:0; margin:0 0 0 0; padding:0 0 0 0;"></iframe></p> </div> </body> </html>

Billie W. Taylor II, Ph.D. Pipe Collector # Billie W. Taylor II, Ph.D. Pipe Collector [![Dr. Taylor](images/0818billoffice.jpg "Visit Dr. Taylor's Personal Web Site") Visit Dr. Taylor's Personal Web Site](http://www.billietaylor.com) # Welcome to www.thepipe.info! #### Everything you want to know about ***the pipe, THE SMOKE,*** and ***Venturi*** pipes. ### My Pipe Collection at Home ![](images/display/01mantle.jpg) Oyster White - Morocco Grey - Ash Grey Ebony - Coral - Raspberry CA Style - Burnt Orange - CA Rose Burgundy Red - Maroon - TarGards Federal Gold - my first two in front Avocado - Sage - Forest - Rare - Real English - Horizon - Mocha Brown - Pro Venturi - THE SMOKE - featherROCK Distributor and Dealer flyers Made-in-England - All-American Other pipes on top - packaging Literature enclosed with pipes Accessories - Promos - TarGard ### Missing Exemplars As you viewed the slide show you may have noticed some empty slots on the pipe racks. I am missing a few the pipe color/shape combinations. If you have one of these and would like to help me out, pick any pipe from My Collection [Pipes for Sale or Trade page](collectn/chart_t.html) or let me know your price! ![Ash Grey Bent](images/needashbent.jpg) ![Coral Bent](images/needcoralbent.jpg) ![Horizon Blue Bent](images/needhbbent.jpg) ![Forest Green Billiard](images/needforgnbill.jpg) ![Forest Green Bulldog](images/needforgnbull.jpg) ![Forest Green Dublin](images/needforgndub.jpg)

http://www.thepipe.info/

ï»¿<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-0W6FX9L5VM"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-0W6FX9L5VM'); </script> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta name="description" content="Posters celebrating the GDRâs 30th anniversary"> <meta name="author" content="Randall Bytwerk"> <title>30 Year GDR Anniversary Posters</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="default.css"> </head> <body> <p><div> <img class="floatleft" src="images/prop.gif" width="250" height="99" alt="German Propaganda Archive"> <a href="https://www.calvin.edu/"> <img class="floatright" src="images/calvin1.gif" width="151" height="63" alt="Calvin University"> </a> </div> <br> <img src="images/line.jpg" alt="line"> <p><b>Background: </b>Anniversaries were big events in the GDR. These posters come from material prepared for the 30th anniversary of the GDR in 1979. The points they make are a good summary of the GDRâs general propaganda line: a youthful, peace-loving, hard-working state that was strongly supported by its citizens.</p> <p><b>The source: </b>The material was prepared by the East German Communist Party section that provided posters. The scans were supplied by Ingo Geisel.</p> <hr> <h3>30 Years of the GDR </h3> <hr><table> <tr> <td><a href="images/30ddr/30ddr-1.jpg"><img src="images/30ddr/30th1.jpg" alt="All for the Good of the People" ></a></td> <td> <p>Caption: âEverything for Human Happiness.â </td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="images/30ddr/30ddr-2.jpg"><img src="images/30ddr/30th2.jpg" alt="Workers" width="63" height="90" ></a></td> <td> <p>Caption: âThe GDR: The socialist state of workers and farmers.â </td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="images/30ddr/30ddr-3.jpg"><img src="images/30ddr/30th3.jpg" alt="Logo"></a></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="images/30ddr/30ddr-4.jpg"><img src="images/30ddr/30th4.jpg" alt="Drawing of workers"></a></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="images/30ddr/30ddr-5.jpg"><img src="images/30ddr/30th5.jpg" alt="DDR 1949" ></a></td> <td> <p>The sign being carried says âLong Live the German Democratic Republic.â The caption at the bottom says: âConfident in our strength October 1949.â That is the date of the GDRâs founding. </td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="images/30ddr/30ddr-6.jpg"><img src="images/30ddr/30th6.jpg" alt="Heart made of ribbons" ></a></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="images/30ddr/30ddr-7.jpg"><img src="images/30ddr/30th7.jpg" alt="Logo"></a></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="images/30ddr/30ddr-8.jpg"><img src="images/30ddr/30th8.jpg" alt="Schoolboy with chalk"></a></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="images/30ddr/30ddr-9.jpg"><img src="images/30ddr/30th9.jpg" alt="Notes" ></a></td> <td> <p>The poster shows a page from an appointment calendar. The events listed are getting up, the parade, lunch, a visit to the park, the disco, and âFireworks with M.â The GDR tended to make holidays as enjoyable as possible. People were not always enthused about marching past the leaders, but the rest of the day was usually worth it. </td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="images/30ddr/30ddr-10.jpg"><img src="images/30ddr/30th10.jpg" alt="Dove made of ribbon"></a></td> <td> <p>The dove emphasizes the GDRâs claim to be a peace-loving state. </td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="images/30ddr/30ddr-11.jpg"><img src="images/30ddr/30th11.jpg" alt="Astronauts"></a></td> <td> <p>Caption: âDDR 30. Success through cooperation.â We see a GDR astrononaut who had been part of a Soviet space mission. </td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="images/30ddr/30ddr-12.jpg"><img src="images/30ddr/30th12.jpg" alt="Congratulations"></a></td> <td> <p> Caption: âOur congratulations!â</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="images/30ddr/30ddr-13.jpg"><img src="images/30ddr/30th13.jpg" alt="German worker"></a></td> <td > <p>Caption: âThe GDR. My state.â </td> </tr> <tr> <td ><a href="images/30ddr/30ddr-14.jpg"><img src="images/30ddr/30th14.jpg" alt="Smiling Germans"></a></td> <td> <p>Caption: âA secure future.â </td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="images/30ddr/30ddr-15.jpg"><img src="images/30ddr/30th15.jpg" alt="Telegram"></a></td> <td > <p>A telegram from children. The caption says: âCongratulations to the GDR on its 30th birthday. We are proud of you.â </td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="images/30ddr/30ddr-16.jpg"><img src="images/30ddr/30th16.jpg" alt="Timeline of Soldiers"></a></td> <td> <p>Caption: â1848â1918â1948. We are fulfilling the legacy of the revolutionary German workers movement.â </td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="images/30ddr/30ddr-17.jpg"><img src="images/30ddr/30th17.jpg" alt="Building blocks"></a></td> <td > <p>Caption: âTomorrow Iâll do the building...â </td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="images/30ddr/30ddr-18.jpg"><img src="images/30ddr/30th18.jpg" alt="German with flag" ></a></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="images/30ddr/30ddr-19.jpg"><img src="images/30ddr/30th19.jpg" alt="Burger"></a></td> <td> <p>Caption: âI am proud to be a citizen of the GDR.â </td> </tr> </table> <p> </p> <blockquote> <p><b>[Page copyright Â© 1998 by Randall Bytwerk. No unauthorized reproduction. My e-mail address is available on the <a href="faq.htm">FAQ page</a>.]</b></p> </blockquote> <hr> <a href="gdrmain.htm"><b>Go to</b></a> the GDR page <p><a href="index.htm"><b>Go to</b></a> the German Propaganda Archive Home Page </body> </html>

ï»¿ window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-0W6FX9L5VM'); 30 Year GDR Anniversary Posters ![German Propaganda Archive](images/prop.gif) [![Calvin University](images/calvin1.gif)](https://www.calvin.edu/) ![line](images/line.jpg) **Background:** Anniversaries were big events in the GDR. These posters come from material prepared for the 30th anniversary of the GDR in 1979. The points they make are a good summary of the GDRâs general propaganda line: a youthful, peace-loving, hard-working state that was strongly supported by its citizens. **The source:** The material was prepared by the East German Communist Party section that provided posters. The scans were supplied by Ingo Geisel. --- ### 30 Years of the GDR --- | | | | --- | --- | | [All for the Good of the People](images/30ddr/30ddr-1.jpg) | Caption: âEverything for Human Happiness.â | | [Workers](images/30ddr/30ddr-2.jpg) | Caption: âThe GDR: The socialist state of workers and farmers.â | | [Logo](images/30ddr/30ddr-3.jpg) | | | [Drawing of workers](images/30ddr/30ddr-4.jpg) | | | [DDR 1949](images/30ddr/30ddr-5.jpg) | The sign being carried says âLong Live the German Democratic Republic.â The caption at the bottom says: âConfident in our strength October 1949.â That is the date of the GDRâs founding. | | [Heart made of ribbons](images/30ddr/30ddr-6.jpg) | | | [Logo](images/30ddr/30ddr-7.jpg) | | | [Schoolboy with chalk](images/30ddr/30ddr-8.jpg) | | | [Notes](images/30ddr/30ddr-9.jpg) | The poster shows a page from an appointment calendar. The events listed are getting up, the parade, lunch, a visit to the park, the disco, and âFireworks with M.â The GDR tended to make holidays as enjoyable as possible. People were not always enthused about marching past the leaders, but the rest of the day was usually worth it. | | [Dove made of ribbon](images/30ddr/30ddr-10.jpg) | The dove emphasizes the GDRâs claim to be a peace-loving state. | | [Astronauts](images/30ddr/30ddr-11.jpg) | Caption: âDDR 30. Success through cooperation.â We see a GDR astrononaut who had been part of a Soviet space mission. | | [Congratulations](images/30ddr/30ddr-12.jpg) | Caption: âOur congratulations!â | | [German worker](images/30ddr/30ddr-13.jpg) | Caption: âThe GDR. My state.â | | [Smiling Germans](images/30ddr/30ddr-14.jpg) | Caption: âA secure future.â | | [Telegram](images/30ddr/30ddr-15.jpg) | A telegram from children. The caption says: âCongratulations to the GDR on its 30th birthday. We are proud of you.â | | [Timeline of Soldiers](images/30ddr/30ddr-16.jpg) | Caption: â1848â1918â1948. We are fulfilling the legacy of the revolutionary German workers movement.â | | [Building blocks](images/30ddr/30ddr-17.jpg) | Caption: âTomorrow Iâll do the building...â | | [German with flag](images/30ddr/30ddr-18.jpg) | | | [Burger](images/30ddr/30ddr-19.jpg) | Caption: âI am proud to be a citizen of the GDR.â | > > **[Page copyright Â© 1998 by Randall Bytwerk. > No unauthorized reproduction. My e-mail address is available on the [FAQ > page](faq.htm).]** > > > --- [**Go to**](gdrmain.htm) the GDR page [**Go to**](index.htm) the German Propaganda Archive Home Page

https://research.calvin.edu/german-propaganda-archive/ddr30.htm

<!doctype html> <head> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/> <title>Just A Drop In The Bucket</title> </head> <body> <h1>Just A Drop In The Bucket</h1> <i>as reported to the <tt><i>[REDACTED]</i></tt> list by Lee S. Kilpatrick <lee...@B...></i> <p><hr><p> <strong>Subject:</strong> mother of all grease fires<br> <strong>Date:</strong> Fri, 23 Sep 94 17:34:09 PDT<br> <strong>From:</strong> Brian Reid <i>[email address lost in the bog standard forwarding frenzy]</i><br> <p> I work in the very center of the city of Palo Alto, in a nice office building. We are surrounded on every side by restaurants, hotels, and so forth. But we are a computer company, and so our building ends up needing a lot of electricity. We use about a megawatt (1 million watts). <p> In order to deliver a million watts of electricity to an office building, you need a very large transformer. These transformers are too big to put on poles, and besides in quaint downtown areas nobody likes those poles any more. So the transformers are put underground. The million-watt transformer that powers our office building is located in an underground vault in the middle of a walkway that leads to City Hall. The transformer is about the size of a small car, and the transformer vault is about the size of a one-car garage, except that the way you get in is to climb down a ladder from the street level. The top of the transformer vault is well ventilated, because a million-watt transformer generates a lot of heat. <p> Several fine restaurants are near this walkway, along with a bank, an art supply store, and so forth. There's a lot of foot traffic. This being California, where it never rains, and this being Palo Alto, where it is always springtime, the restaurants have outdoor seating areas that are very popular. <p> Recently the patrons of one restaurant started to complain that there was an unpleasant odor in their otherwise idyllic outdoor seating area. Soon the Health Department was called, and they quickly determined that the odor was caused by rancid oil that had seeped into the sidewalk. Further investigation showed that the source of the rancid oil was overflow from a nearby grating. The grating was marked ``City of Palo Alto Utilities,'' so the utility department was called. <p> The utility crew quickly discovered the problem. The oil wasn't really oil, it was molten deep-frying grease, which was molten because it was being kept warm by a million-watt transformer. The entire vault was completely full of used frying grease, about 2000 gallons of it, which was enough to completely cover the transformer. The heat of the transformer kept the grease from solidifying. <p> Police quickly figured out what had happened. Every night for quite a number of years, one of the nearby restaurants had, at closing time, emptied its fryer into the transformer vault, thinking that they were dumping it into the storm sewer. It's quite illegal to dump grease into a storm sewer, of course, but they probably figured they would never get caught. <p> Transformers do occasionally overheat; this is why they are kept in concrete vaults. If this one had overheated, we would have had the mother of all grease fires. <p> Last night they shut off all of the electrical power, pumped out the hot grease, washed out the vault, and replaced the transformer. It's very fortunate that nobody was killed. <p> Today's ``daily special'' menu did not include the usual fried fish. <p><hr> <a href="./"><img src="wos-mark.gif" ALT="WoS"></a> Edited and converted to HTML by Dan Bornstein. </body>

Just A Drop In The Bucket # Just A Drop In The Bucket *as reported to the *[REDACTED]* list by Lee S. Kilpatrick <lee...@B...>* --- **Subject:** mother of all grease fires **Date:** Fri, 23 Sep 94 17:34:09 PDT **From:** Brian Reid *[email address lost in the bog standard forwarding frenzy]* I work in the very center of the city of Palo Alto, in a nice office building. We are surrounded on every side by restaurants, hotels, and so forth. But we are a computer company, and so our building ends up needing a lot of electricity. We use about a megawatt (1 million watts). In order to deliver a million watts of electricity to an office building, you need a very large transformer. These transformers are too big to put on poles, and besides in quaint downtown areas nobody likes those poles any more. So the transformers are put underground. The million-watt transformer that powers our office building is located in an underground vault in the middle of a walkway that leads to City Hall. The transformer is about the size of a small car, and the transformer vault is about the size of a one-car garage, except that the way you get in is to climb down a ladder from the street level. The top of the transformer vault is well ventilated, because a million-watt transformer generates a lot of heat. Several fine restaurants are near this walkway, along with a bank, an art supply store, and so forth. There's a lot of foot traffic. This being California, where it never rains, and this being Palo Alto, where it is always springtime, the restaurants have outdoor seating areas that are very popular. Recently the patrons of one restaurant started to complain that there was an unpleasant odor in their otherwise idyllic outdoor seating area. Soon the Health Department was called, and they quickly determined that the odor was caused by rancid oil that had seeped into the sidewalk. Further investigation showed that the source of the rancid oil was overflow from a nearby grating. The grating was marked ``City of Palo Alto Utilities,'' so the utility department was called. The utility crew quickly discovered the problem. The oil wasn't really oil, it was molten deep-frying grease, which was molten because it was being kept warm by a million-watt transformer. The entire vault was completely full of used frying grease, about 2000 gallons of it, which was enough to completely cover the transformer. The heat of the transformer kept the grease from solidifying. Police quickly figured out what had happened. Every night for quite a number of years, one of the nearby restaurants had, at closing time, emptied its fryer into the transformer vault, thinking that they were dumping it into the storm sewer. It's quite illegal to dump grease into a storm sewer, of course, but they probably figured they would never get caught. Transformers do occasionally overheat; this is why they are kept in concrete vaults. If this one had overheated, we would have had the mother of all grease fires. Last night they shut off all of the electrical power, pumped out the hot grease, washed out the vault, and replaced the transformer. It's very fortunate that nobody was killed. Today's ``daily special'' menu did not include the usual fried fish. --- [![WoS](wos-mark.gif)](./) Edited and converted to HTML by Dan Bornstein.

https://milk.com/wall-o-shame/bucket.html

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en"> <html> <head> <meta content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" http-equiv="Content-Type" /> <meta content="James L. Matterer" name="Author" /> <meta content="Mozilla/4.7 [en] (Win98; I) [Netscape]" name="GENERATOR" /> <meta content="Master.com.content" name="KeyWords" /> <title>Welcome to Gode Cookery</title> <meta content="Index page of the godecookery.com domain" name="description" /> </head> <body alink="#000000" link="#800000" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-image: url(http://www.godecookery.com/images/paper4.jpg); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" vlink="#808000"> <p> </p> <center> <table background="gcback15.gif" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" cols="1" style="width: 100%; background-color: rgb(0, 0, 102);"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <center><img alt="" src="goldban3.GIF" style="width: 469px; height: 61px;" title="" vspace="2" /></center> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center> <table border="0" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" cols="2" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td align="left" background="navbar02.jpg" valign="top" width="10%"> <center><b><font size="-2">NAVIGATION BAR</font></b><br /> <a href="../godeboke/godeboke.htm"><img alt="" src="images/corn01.gif" style="border: 2px solid ; height: 70px; width: 70px;" title="" vspace="10" /></a><br /> <b>GODE COOKERY SITES</b> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="godeboke/godeboke.htm">Gode Cookery</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="goderec/goderec.htm">A Boke of Gode Cookery</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="chaucer/ccookery.htm">A Chaucerian Cookery</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="afeast/afeast.htm">A Feast for The Eyes</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="../trscript/trscript.html">A Renaissance Cookery Book</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="twotarts/twotarts.html">A Tale of Two Tarts</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="aword/aword.htm">A Word From the Cook</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="alabama/al2001.html">Alabama Renaissance Faire</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="allrec/allrec.htm">All Gode Cookery Recipes</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="eldin/eldin.html">An Elizabethan Dinner Conversation</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="byznrec/byznrec.htm">Byzantine Recipes</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="cocken/cocken.htm">The Cockentrice - A Ryal Mete</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="helmeted/helmeted.htm">Coqz Heaumez - A Helmeted Cock</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="ffissh/ffissh.htm">Fantastic Fish of the Middle Ages</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="scafeast/scafeast.htm">Feasts Within the Society for Creative Anachronism</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="pepys/pepys.htm">Gentyll manly Cokere</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="glossary/glossary.htm">Glossary of Medieval Cooking Terms</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="godeboke/wallfame/wallfame.htm">Gode Cookery Awards and Site Reviews</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="godeboke/bookshop/bookshop.htm">The Gode Cookery Bookshop</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="maillist/maillist.htm">The Gode Cookery Discussion Group</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="latest/latest.htm">Gode Cookery's Latest Feast</a></font></b><a href="latest/latest.htm"> </a></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="gdlinks/mhlinks.htm">Gode Cookery Links</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="pics/galleries.html">Gode Cookery Photo Gallery</a></font></b><a href="pics/galleries.html"> </a></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="godering/godering.htm">The Gode Cookery Ring</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="ssite/ssite.htm">The Gode Cookery Selected Site of the Month</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="gcooktoc/gcooktoc.htm">Gode Cookery Table of Contents</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="friends/friends.htm">The Historical Cookery Page</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="how2cook/how2cook.htm">How To Cook Medieval</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="illusion/illusion.html">Illusion Foods</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="venison/venison.htm">In the Pursuit of Venison</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="incrd/incrd.htm">Incredible Foods, Solteties, and Entremets</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="ginger/ginger.htm">The Kitchen of Mirth</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="ginger/ginger.htm">Medieval Gingerbread</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="macabre/macabre.htm">Medieval Macabre</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="mtrans/mtrans.htm">Medieval Recipe Translations</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="clipart/clart.htm">Medieval Woodcuts Clipart Collection</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="merchant/merchant.htm">The Merchant's Page</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="feastpre/feastpre.htm">Messe it Forth</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="begrec/begrec.htm">Modern Recipes for Beginners</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="mythical/mythical.htm">Mythical Plants of the Middle Ages</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="pilgrims/pilgrims.htm">Pilgrims Passing To and Fro</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="nboke/neweboke.htm">Recipes from A Newe Boke of Cokery</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="regimen/regimen.htm">Regimen Sanitatis Salernitanum</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="engrec/engrec.html">17th Century English Recipes</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="tacuin/tacuin.htm">Tacuinum Sanitatis</a></font></b></p> <p><b><font size="-1"><a href="mtales/mtales.htm">Tales of the Middle Ages</a></font></b></p> <hr noshade="noshade" size="1" width="80%" /> <p><b><font color="#000000"><font size="-1">GodeCookery.com</font></font></b></p> <p><b><font color="#000000"><font size="-1">© 1997-2009</font></font></b><br /> <img alt="" src="images/gcinit.GIF" style="border: 0px solid ; height: 43px; width: 48px;" title="" vspace="10" /></p> <hr noshade="noshade" size="1" width="80%" /> <p><b><a href="cookies/cookies.html">GOODE COOKYS</a></b></p> <hr noshade="noshade" size="1" width="80%" /> <p><b><font size="-1">PLEASE VISIT:</font></b></p> <p><b><a href="godeboke/bookshop/bookshop.htm">The Gode Cookery Bookshop</a></b><br /> <a href="godeboke/bookshop/bookshop.htm"><img alt="" src="godeboke/bookshop/ambook03.jpg" style="border: 1px solid ; height: 90px; width: 63px;" title="" vspace="10" /></a><br /> <b><i><font size="-1">Medieval Cookery Books for sale at the <a href="godeboke/bookshop/bookshop.htm">Bookshop</a>!</font></i></b></p> </center> </td> <td valign="top" width="85%"> <center><img alt="" src="line07.gif" style="height: 164px; width: 482px;" title="" vspace="10" /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <div style="text-align: center;"><big><span style="font-weight: bold;">Welcome to Gode Cookery</span></big></div> <br /> <b>This is the website serving as the <big>Index Page</big> for the godecookery.com domain. All websites within Gode Cookery are <a href="#allsites">listed below</a>.<br /> <br /> I</b><b>f medieval cooking is your primary interest</b><b>, then we ask that you begin your visit to this domain by linking directly to <a href="godeboke/godeboke.htm">Gode Cookery</a>.</b></div> </center> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><b>A search engine has been established on every website to help you find what you're looking for while you're here; additionally, the Gode Cookery Ring will navigate you through a random circuit of all Gode Cookery sites.</b></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Those who use Gode Cookery often are encouraged to support the site by purchasing medieval cookery books & other items through Amazon and our <a href="godeboke/bookshop/bookshop.htm">online bookstore</a>; your support helps keep Gode Cookery on the Internet and free from pop-ads & commercials.</b></p> <p><b>Thanks for your visit, and enjoy your stay at Gode Cookery!</b></p> <p><b>James L. Matterer, founder of Gode Cookery</b></p> <p><b>Monica Gaudio, editor and manager of Gode Cookery</b><br />  </p> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: center;"> <p><br /> <b><font size="+1">SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENT!<br /> <br /> As of  August 2017, Gode Cookery is undergoing changes. </font></b></p> <p><b><font size="+1">  Some websites will be changed, others may be removed; please be patient with us during this time of construction!<br /> <br /> Thank you for your continued support of Gode Cookery!</font></b><br />  </p> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> </div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <center><br /> <img alt="" src="images/searchgb.gif" style="height: 39px; width: 230px;" title="" /></center> <center> <form action="http://godecookery.master.com/texis/master/search/mysite.html" method="get"><input name="q" value="" /><input type="submit" value="Search" /> </form> <p><b>Looking for something specific at the godecookery.com domain?</b><br /> <b>Search Gode Cookery courtesy of <a href="http://godecookery.master.com/texis/master/search/mysite.html">Master.com</a></b><br /> <a name="allsites"></a></p> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <b><font size="+1"><a href="godeboke/godeboke.htm">Gode Cookery</a></font></b></div> <p> </p> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Gode Cookery is an award-winning medieval history website dedicated to the food & feasts of the Middle Ages & Renaissance. Here you will find information on medieval cooking, instructions for preparing authentic feasts, hundreds of recipes, image collections, a medieval cooking discussion group, graphics, photographs, and history resources.</b></div> <p><b><a href="godeboke/godeboke.htm">http://www.godecookery.com/godeboke/godeboke.htm</a></b></p> </blockquote> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <b><font size="+1"><a href="goderec/goderec.htm">A Boke of Gode Cookery</a></font></b></div> <p> </p> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"><b>James Matterer's collection of period receipts redacted for use in the modern kitchen, including soups, sauces, pies, roasts, vegetables, fruits, and sweets. Each dish contains the original period recipe, followed by James' translation and his modern redaction, along with notes, bibliography, and a link to metric, celsius, & gas mark equivalencies for measurements & temperatures.</b></div> <p><b><a href="goderec/goderec.htm">http://www.godecookery.com/goderec/goderec.htm</a></b></p> </blockquote> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <b><font size="+1"><a href="chaucer/ccookery.htm">A Chaucerian Cookery</a></font></b></div> <p> </p> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Geoffrey Chaucer, the great English poet and author of <i>The Canterbury Tales</i>, used food as a literary device to enrich the personalities of his characters. A Chaucerian Cookery examines the references to food and medieval dishes in all of Chaucer's writings, studies the dietary habits of his characters, and gives a complete list of all foods Chaucer refers to. Included is A Chaucerian Feast, which presents an authentic medieval feast based on the writings of Chaucer and 14 corresponding 14th c. recipes, as well as detailing the presentation and courses of a standard medieval feast.</b></div> <center><img border="1" height="99" src="awardnew.jpg" vspace="10" width="136" /></center> <p><b><a href="chaucer/ccookery.htm">http://www.godecookery.com/chaucer/ccookery.htm</a></b></p> </blockquote> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <b><font size="+1"><a href="afeast/afeast.htm">A Feast for The Eyes</a></font></b></div> <p> </p> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"><b>A medieval & Renaissance food & feast image collection, with period illustrations of food & cookery arranged in various galleries, all suitable for downloading.</b></div> <p><b><a href="afeast/afeast.htm">http://www.godecookery.com/afeast/afeast.htm</a></b></p> </blockquote> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <b><font size="+1"><a href="../trscript/trscript.html">A Renaissance Cookery Book</a></font></b></div> <p> </p> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <blockquote><b>Recipes & additional text from the 16th century culinary manuscript, <i>A Propre new booke of Cokery </i>(1545). Included with the 49 original receipts are our translations & contemporary redactions.</b></blockquote> </div> <blockquote><b><a href="trscript/trscript.html">http://www.godecookery.com/trscript/trscript.html</a></b><br />   <div style="text-align: center;"> <center> <center> <center> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="height: 1px; width: 91%;" /></center> </center> </center> </center> </div> </blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="twotarts/twotarts.html"><b><big>A Tale of Two Tarts</big></b></a></div> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: left;"><big><b><font size="4"><small>Redactions of two English apple pie recipes and a discussion of how they changed over time.</small></font></b></big></div> <br /> <big><b><font size="4"><small><a href="twotarts/twotarts.html">http://www.godecookery.com/twotarts/twotarts.html</a></small></font></b></big></blockquote> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <b><font size="+1"><a href="aword/aword.htm">A Word From the Cook</a></font></b></div> <p> </p> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"><b>The latest updates and additions to A Boke of Gode Cookery.</b></div> <p><b><a href="aword/aword.htm">http://www.godecookery.com/aword/aword.htm</a></b></p> </blockquote> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <b><font size="+1"><a href="alabama/al2001.html">Alabama Renaissance Faire</a></font></b></div> <p> </p> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"><b>The menus for the Alabama Renaissance Faire Feasts, catered by Gode Cookery, with complete recipes and notes, along with photographs.</b></div> <p><b><a href="alabama/al2001.html">http://www.godecookery.com/alabama/al2001.html</a></b></p> </blockquote> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <b><font size="+1"><a href="allrec/allrec.htm">All Gode Cookery Recipes</a></font></b></div> <p> </p> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"><b>All of the recipes in the Gode Cookery website, in a complete listing arranged alphabetically by category. Over 500 recipes in 10 categories.</b></div> <p><b><a href="allrec/allrec.htm">http://www.godecookery.com/allrec/allrec.htm</a></b></p> </blockquote> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <b><font size="+1"><a href="eldin/eldin.html">An Elizabethan Dinner Conversation</a></font></b></div> <p> </p> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"><b>An excerpt from a 16th century French-English conversation manual, depicting an English family at dinner.</b></div> <p><b><a href="eldin/eldin.html">http://www.godecookery.com/eldin/eldin.html</a></b></p> </blockquote> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <b><font size="+1"><a href="byznrec/byznrec.htm">Byzantine Recipes</a></font></b></div> <p> </p> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Seven recreated recipes based on ancient sources and traditional Greek cooking, along with a brief overview of Byzantine foods, written by Rebecca and David Wendelken. Originally from a now out-of-print publication called <i>Early Period</i>, issue #5.</b></div> <p><b><a href="byznrec/byznrec.htm">http://www.godecookery.com/byznrec/byznrec.htm</a></b></p> </blockquote> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <b><font size="+1"><a href="cocken/cocken.htm">The Cockentrice - A Ryal Mete</a></font></b></div> <p> </p> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"><b>The history of and detailed instructions for preparing that most delectable of Medieval beasts, the noble Cockentrice, part capon and part suckling pig. With photographs of a real Cockentrice.</b></div> <p><b><a href="cocken/cocken.htm">http://www.godecookery.com/cocken/cocken.htm</a></b></p> </blockquote> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <b><font size="+1"><a href="helmeted/helmeted.htm">Coqz Heaumez - A Helmeted Cock</a></font></b></div> <p> </p> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"><b>A 14th c. French recipe from <i>Le Viandier de Taillevent</i>, in which a pig becomes a horse and a chicken takes to the saddle! With photographs of a recently prepared Helmeted Cock.</b></div> <p><b><a href="helmeted/helmeted.htm">http://www.godecookery.com/helmeted/helmeted.htm</a></b></p> </blockquote> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <b><font size="+1"><a href="ffissh/ffissh.htm">Fantastic Fish of the Middle Ages</a></font></b></div> <p> </p> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"><b>The fantastic and incredible fish of the Middle Ages, both real & imagined. Excerpts from a Medieval manuscript are generously accompanied by authentic illustrations of strange & exotic fish, sea monsters, and beasts.</b></div> <p><b><a href="ffissh/ffissh.htm">http://www.godecookery.com/ffissh/ffissh.htm</a></b></p> </blockquote> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <b><font size="+1"><a href="scafeast/scafeast.htm">Feasts Within the Society for Creative Anachronism</a></font></b></div> <p> </p> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Menus from various presented SCA feasts with links to corresponding recipes.</b></div> <p><b><a href="scafeast/scafeast.htm">http://www.godecookery.com/scafeast/scafeast.htm</a></b></p> </blockquote> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <b><font size="+1"><a href="pepys/pepys.htm">Gentyll manly Cokere</a></font></b></div> <p> </p> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"><b>An original translation by James Matterer of the culinary recipes found in <i>Manuscript Pepys 1047 'Miscell. of Receipt's/M.S.S. Temp. R. Ed. 4',</i> a late 15th century collection of recipes and remedies found in the library of Samuel Pepys.</b></div> <p><b><a href="pepys/pepys.htm">http://www.godecookery.com/pepys/pepys.htm</a></b></p> </blockquote> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <b><font size="+1"><a href="glossary/glossary.htm">Glossary of Medieval Cooking Terms</a></font></b></div> <p> </p> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"><b>A glossary of medieval cooking terms as found in period manuscripts, with Middle English words and phrases followed by modern English translations.</b></div> <p><b><a href="glossary/glossary.htm">http://www.godecookery.com/glossary/glossary.htm</a></b></p> </blockquote> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <b><font size="+1"><a href="godeboke/wallfame/wallfame.htm">Gode Cookery Awards and Site Reviews</a></font></b></div> <p> </p> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Our recommendations and awards, along with various site reviews of A Boke of Gode Cookery.</b></div> <p><b><a href="godeboke/wallfame/wallfame.htm">http://www.godecookery.com/godeboke/wallfame/wallfame.htm</a></b></p> </blockquote> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <b><font size="+1"><a href="godeboke/bookshop/bookshop.htm">Gode Cookery Bookshop</a></font></b></div> <p> </p> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"><b>In association with <a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect-home/abokeofgodecooke?tag-id=abokeofgodecooke&placement=holiday-home-btn-120x90.gif&site=amazon">Amazon.com</a>, The Gode Cookery Bookshop presents for sale some of the finest medieval & Renaissance cookery & food books that are in print today.</b></div> <p><b><a href="godeboke/bookshop/bookshop.htm">http://www.godecookery.com/godeboke/bookshop/bookshop.htm</a></b></p> </blockquote> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <b><font size="+1"><a href="maillist/maillist.htm">Gode Cookery Discussion Group</a></font></b></div> <p> </p> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"><b>The Gode Cookery Discussion Group is open to anyone with a desire and willingness to communicate and share information with others interested in Medieval & Renaissance cookery. Members may either receive individual letters or a digest. The list is moderated and SPAM, rudeness, offensive language, and intolerance are not acceptable.</b><br />  </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Members of the Gode Cookery Discussion group have access to recipes, food information, and articles on historical cooking not made available anywhere else at Gode Cookery.</b></div> <p><strong>The Gode Cookery Discussion Group has moved to Facebook! </strong></p> </blockquote> <blockquote> <p><a href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/132904653575089/"><strong>https://www.facebook.com/groups/132904653575089/</strong></a></p> <p> </p> </blockquote> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <b><font size="+1"><a href="latest/latest.htm">Gode Cookery's Latest Feast</a></font></b></div> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Information on Gode Cookery's latest feasts & dinners.</b></div> <p><b><a href="latest/latest.htm">http://www.godecookery.com/latest/latest.htm</a></b></p> </blockquote> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <p style="text-align: justify;"><b><big><a href="pics/galleries.html">Gode Cookery Photo Gallery</a></big></b></p> <p style="text-align: justify; margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Photographs & videos of Gode Cookery feasts, dinners, events - even the cooks themselves!</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><big><a href="pics/galleries.html"><small>http://www/godecookery.com/pics/galleries.html</small></a></big></p> <blockquote> </blockquote> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <b><font size="+1"><a href="godering/godering.htm">Gode Cookery Ring</a></font></b> <p> </p> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"><b>A quick, easy, and fun way to tour A Boke of Gode Cookery. Simply click on the image of the ring wherever it appears and you will be taken to one of the many medieval & Renaissance cooking sites that comprise A Boke of Gode Cookery. Start your tour here at the Gode Boke Ring homepage.</b></div> <p style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="godering/godering.htm">http://www.godecookery.com/godering/godering.htm</a></b></p> </blockquote> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <b><font size="+1"><a href="ssite/ssite.htm">Gode Cookery Selected Site of the Month</a></font></b></div> <p> </p> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Each month, A Boke of Gode Cookery selects an outstanding historical website for its Gode Cookery Award. At this page you'll find information on and a link to the current selected site, and a list of the previous awardees.</b></div> <p><b><a href="ssite/ssite.htm">http://www.godecookery.com/ssite/ssite.htm</a></b></p> </blockquote> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <b><font size="+1"><a href="gcooktoc/gcooktoc.htm">Gode Cookery Table of Contents</a></font></b></div> <p> </p> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"><b>A complete listing of all the all the sites within A Boke of Gode Cookery.</b></div> <p><b><a href="gcooktoc/gcooktoc.htm">http://www.godecookery.com/gcooktoc/gcooktoc.htm</a></b></p> </blockquote> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <b><font size="+1"><a href="friends/friends.htm">Historical Cookery Page</a></font></b></div> <p> </p> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"><b>A contributory site for historical cooks to share their recipes and research, with over 100 recreated dishes along with articles on historical cooking subjects. In addition to the recipe and notes, each page also contains a link to metric, celsius, & gas mark equivalencies for measurements & temperatures.</b></div> <p><b><a href="friends/friends.htm">http://www.godecookery.com/friends/friends.htm</a></b></p> </blockquote> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <b><font size="+1"><a href="how2cook/how2cook.htm">How To Cook Medieval</a></font></b></div> <p> </p> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"><b>An explanation of what foods were available in the Middle Ages & Renaissance and the cooking methods employed at that time. This site is designed specifically to help those who wish to re-create Medieval recipes & meals as authentically as possible, and contains lists of what foods were available, how they were cooked, and which foods should never be used by today's Medieval cooks.</b></div> <p><b><a href="how2cook/how2cook.htm">http://www.godecookery.com/how2cook/how2cook.htm</a></b></p> </blockquote> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <b><font size="+1"><a href="illusion/illusion.html">Illusion Foods</a></font></b></div> <p> </p> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"><b>A companion site to Incredible foods, Solteties, & Entremets. Authentic recipes from period sources, detailing dishes that emulate other foods or objects.</b></div> <p><a href="illusion/illusion.html"><b>http://www.godecookery.com/illusion/illusion.html</b></a></p> </blockquote> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <b><font size="+1"><a href="venison/venison.htm">In the Pursuit of Venison</a></font></b></div> <p> </p> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"><b>In the Middle Ages, deer were a primary source of food, resources, and inspiration, and the Medieval table was often laden with a variety of venison. This article examines the popularity of deer as an object of the hunt and as an important source of protein in the Medieval diet.</b></div> <p><b><a href="venison/venison.htm">http://www.godecookery.com/venison/venison.htm</a></b></p> </blockquote> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <b><font size="+1"><a href="incrd/incrd.htm">Incredible Foods, Solteties, and Entremets</a></font></b></div> <p> </p> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Fantastic foods and fabulous presentations for medieval feasts, all from period cooking sources. Not all of the recipes are suitable for eating; however, all are enjoyable to read and wonderfully amazing.</b></div> <p><b><a href="incrd/incrd.htm">http://www.godecookery.com/incrd/incrd.htm</a></b></p> </blockquote> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <b><font size="+1"><a href="mirth/mirth.html">The Kitchen of Mirth</a></font></b></div> <p> </p> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"><b>A collection of humorous tales of cooks, kitchens, food, dining & eating, from both period & secondary sources.</b></div> <p><b><a href="mirth/mirth.html">http://www.godecookery.com/mirth/mirth.html</a></b></p> </blockquote> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <b><font size="+1"><a href="ginger/ginger.htm">Medieval Gingerbread</a></font></b></div> <p> </p> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Gingerbread in the Middle Ages was nothing at all like its modern descendant. Not only was it not a bread or a cake, some medieval versions didn't even contain ginger!</b></div> <p><b><a href="ginger/ginger.htm">http://www.godecookery.com/ginger/ginger.htm</a></b></p> </blockquote> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <b><font size="+1"><a href="macabre/macabre.htm">Medieval Macabre</a></font></b></div> <p> </p> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Supernatural and fantastic imagery from the Middle Ages - devils, demons, monsters, witches, and death. Five galleries with 150 pictures, along with the Hans Holbein Alphabet of Death and the Hans Holbein Dance of Death.</b></div> <p><b><a href="macabre/macabre.htm">http://www.godecookery.com/macabre/macabre.htm</a></b></p> </blockquote> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <b><font size="+1"><a href="mtrans/mtrans.htm">Medieval Recipe Translations</a></font></b></div> <p> </p> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <blockquote><b>Recipes from several Medieval English manuscripts and collections, each in its original language and accompanied with a literal translation, and followed by a modern interpretation of the recipe and its cooking procedures. These recipes do not contain specific measurements and quantities, but are sufficiently explained that any competant cook will be able to prepare them.</b><br />   <div style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="mtrans/mtrans.htm">http://www.godecookery.com/mtrans/mtrans.htm</a></b></div> </blockquote> </div> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <b><font size="+1"><a href="clipart/clart.htm">Medieval Woodcuts Clipart Collection</a></font></b></div> <p> </p> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"><b>A collection of clipart derived from medieval woodcuts and compiled in 8 sections: Animals, Creatures, & Beasts; Biblical Scenes & Figures; Birds; Decorative Borders; Decorative Initials; Miscellaneous Images; People & Human Figures; and Plants & Flora.</b></div> <p><b><a href="clipart/clart.htm">http://www.godecookery.com/clipart/clart.htm</a></b></p> </blockquote> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <b><font size="+1"><a href="merchant/merchant.htm">The Merchant's Page</a></font></b></div> <p> </p> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Sources for medieval items, products, and books. A member of The League of Renaissance Merchants.</b></div> <p><b><a href="merchant/merchant.htm">http://www.godecookery.com/merchant/merchant.htm</a></b></p> </blockquote> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <b><font size="+1"><a href="feastpre/feastpre.htm">Messe it Forth</a></font></b></div> <p> </p> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"><b>A brief explanation of how period cooks categorized food by using the Four Humours philosophy of the Middle Ages, and how to organize the menu of a modern feast according to medieval standards and practices. Ideal for students with school projects, beginners in medieval cookery, or those who wish to prepare a dinner from the Middle Ages for their friends and family.</b></div> <p><b><a href="afeast/afeast.htm">http://www.godecookery.com/feastpre/feastpre.htm</a></b></p> </blockquote> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <b><font size="+1"><a href="begrec/begrec.htm">Modern Recipes for Beginners</a></font></b></div> <p> </p> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"><b>For cooks not quite ready for authentic medieval cookery, or for guests who are hesitant in trying real period food, these recipes may be just the thing. Although not from true medieval sources and not documentable, they are very period in style, flavor, and ingredients, and are perfect for dinners with a medieval theme where authenticity is not a concern. In addition to the recipe and notes, each page also contains a link to metric, celsius, & gas mark equivalencies for measurements & temperatures.</b></div> <p><b><a href="begrec/begrec.htm">http://www.godecookery.com/begrec/begrec.htm</a></b></p> </blockquote> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <b><font size="+1"><a href="mythical/mythical.htm">Mythical Plants of the Middle Ages</a></font></b></div> <p> </p> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"><b>A brief look at some of the amazing plants that were believed in the Middle Ages to exist. Find out why The Apple of Sodom was much feared, what the Biblical Tree of Life was, and where amber really comes from. With period illustrations. An award winning site, recommended by Infoseek.</b></div> <p><b><a href="mythical/mythical.htm">http://www.godecookery.com/mythical/mythical.htm</a></b></p> </blockquote> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <b><font size="+1"><a href="pilgrims/pilgrims.htm">Pilgrims Passing To and Fro</a></font></b></div> <p> </p> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Although Chaucer's <i>Canterbury Tales</i> pilgrims are fictional characters, the pilgrimage to the Shrine of Thomas á Becket was an actual experience for many medieval folk. This article looks at the lives of Chaucer's pilgrims had they been truly alive and their journey real.</b></div> <center><a href="http://www.webenglishteacher.com"><img border="0" height="68" src="WETaward4.gif" width="179" /></a></center> <p><b><a href="pilgrims/pilgrims.htm">http://www.godecookery.com/pilgrims/pilgrims.htm</a></b></p> </blockquote> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <b><font size="+1"><a href="nboke/neweboke.htm">Recipes from A Newe Boke of Cokery</a></font></b></div> <p> </p> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"><b>A Newe Boke of Cokery is a collection of period recipes with modern adaptations by Rudd Rayfield of Minneapolis, Minnesota. Rudd is a medieval enthusiast with an academic background in Middle English literature and medieval history. He has been cooking medieval cuisine since 1980 and has been doing his own redactions from primary sources since 1988. Each of Rudd's recipes contain the original documented medieval version followed by his modern adaptation, along with notes, bibliography, and a link to metric, celsius, & gas mark equivalencies for measurements & temperatures.</b></div> <p><b><a href="nboke/neweboke.htm">http://www.godecookery.com/nboke/neweboke.htm</a></b></p> </blockquote> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <b><font size="+1"><a href="regimen/regimen.htm">Regimen Sanitatis Salernitanum</a></font></b></div> <p> </p> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"><b>A modern English translation of <i>Regimen Sanitatis Salernitanum</i>, the famous 12th - 13th century Salernitan Regimen of Health, a highly respected and scholarly text in the Middle Ages and an invaluable source today for information on medieval food, diet, & medicine.</b></div> <p><b><a href="regimen/regimen.htm">http://www.godecookery.com/regimen/regimen.htm</a></b></p> </blockquote> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <b><font size="+1"><a href="engrec/engrec.html">17th Century English Recipes</a></font></b></div> <p> </p> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"><b>A collection of late-16th & 17th century English recipes & receipts presented in their original language, all from documented primary sources.</b></div> <p><b><a href="engrec/engrec.html">http://www.godecookery.com/engrec/engrec.html</a></b></p> </blockquote> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <b><font size="+1"><a href="tacuin/tacuin.htm">Tacuinum Sanitatis</a></font></b></div> <p> </p> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Illuminations and text from medieval health handbooks.</b></div> <p><b><a href="tacuin/tacuin.htm">http://www.godecookery.com/tacuin/tacuin.htm</a></b></p> </blockquote> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> <b><font size="+1"><a href="mtales/mtales.htm">Tales of the Middle Ages</a></font></b></div> <p> </p> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"><b>True stories, fables, and anecdotes from the Middle Ages, with illustrations.</b></div> <p><b><a href="mtales/mtales.htm">http://www.godecookery.com/mtales/mtales.htm</a></b></p> </blockquote> <center> <hr noshade="noshade" style="width: 80%; height: 1px;" /></center> <div style="text-align: justify;">  <div style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="images/ckies02.GIF" style="border: 0px solid ; width: 389px; height: 28px;" title="" /></div> </div> <center><br /> <b>Gourmet medieval & Renaissance cookies from Gode Cookery, perfect for feasts, weddings, receptions, & more. In dozens of delightful & authentic designs.</b> <p><b><img alt="" src="cookies/c_gobl.jpg" style="border: 1px solid ; width: 240px; height: 178px;" title="" /></b></p> <p><b><a href="cookies/cookies.html">http://www.godecookery.com/cookies/cookies.html</a></b></p>   <p><script src="http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?t=abokeofgodecooke&l=rc1&p=3&o=1" type="text/JavaScript"></script><noscript></center> <center><table BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 WIDTH="392" HEIGHT="67" > <tr> <td><map NAME="bannermap"><area SHAPE="RECT" COORDS="305, 54, 390, 66" HREF="http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm/privacy-policy.html?o=1"><area COORDS="0,0,10000,10000" HREF="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect-home/abokeofgodecooke"></map><img SRC="http://rcm-images.amazon.com/images/G/01/associates/amzn_recommends/gnbox392x67.gif" NOSAVE BORDER=0 usemap="#bannermap" height=67 width=392></td> </tr> </table></center> <center></noscript></p> </center> </div> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center><br /> <br /> <span style="font-weight: bold;">Gode Cookery is © 1997-2009 </span><a href="email.html" style="font-weight: bold;">James L. Matterer</a> <p> </p> </center> </body> </html>

Welcome to Gode Cookery | | | --- | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | **NAVIGATION BAR** **GODE COOKERY SITES** **[Gode Cookery](godeboke/godeboke.htm)** **[A Boke of Gode Cookery](goderec/goderec.htm)** **[A Chaucerian Cookery](chaucer/ccookery.htm)** **[A Feast for The Eyes](afeast/afeast.htm)** **[A Renaissance Cookery Book](../trscript/trscript.html)** **[A Tale of Two Tarts](twotarts/twotarts.html)** **[A Word From the Cook](aword/aword.htm)** **[Alabama Renaissance Faire](alabama/al2001.html)** **[All Gode Cookery Recipes](allrec/allrec.htm)** **[An Elizabethan Dinner Conversation](eldin/eldin.html)** **[Byzantine Recipes](byznrec/byznrec.htm)** **[The Cockentrice - A Ryal Mete](cocken/cocken.htm)** **[Coqz Heaumez - A Helmeted Cock](helmeted/helmeted.htm)** **[Fantastic Fish of the Middle Ages](ffissh/ffissh.htm)** **[Feasts Within the Society for Creative Anachronism](scafeast/scafeast.htm)** **[Gentyll manly Cokere](pepys/pepys.htm)** **[Glossary of Medieval Cooking Terms](glossary/glossary.htm)** **[Gode Cookery Awards and Site Reviews](godeboke/wallfame/wallfame.htm)** **[The Gode Cookery Bookshop](godeboke/bookshop/bookshop.htm)** **[The Gode Cookery Discussion Group](maillist/maillist.htm)** **[Gode Cookery's Latest Feast](latest/latest.htm)** **[Gode Cookery Links](gdlinks/mhlinks.htm)** **[Gode Cookery Photo Gallery](pics/galleries.html)** **[The Gode Cookery Ring](godering/godering.htm)** **[The Gode Cookery Selected Site of the Month](ssite/ssite.htm)** **[Gode Cookery Table of Contents](gcooktoc/gcooktoc.htm)** **[The Historical Cookery Page](friends/friends.htm)** **[How To Cook Medieval](how2cook/how2cook.htm)** **[Illusion Foods](illusion/illusion.html)** **[In the Pursuit of Venison](venison/venison.htm)** **[Incredible Foods, Solteties, and Entremets](incrd/incrd.htm)** **[The Kitchen of Mirth](ginger/ginger.htm)** **[Medieval Gingerbread](ginger/ginger.htm)** **[Medieval Macabre](macabre/macabre.htm)** **[Medieval Recipe Translations](mtrans/mtrans.htm)** **[Medieval Woodcuts Clipart Collection](clipart/clart.htm)** **[The Merchant's Page](merchant/merchant.htm)** **[Messe it Forth](feastpre/feastpre.htm)** **[Modern Recipes for Beginners](begrec/begrec.htm)** **[Mythical Plants of the Middle Ages](mythical/mythical.htm)** **[Pilgrims Passing To and Fro](pilgrims/pilgrims.htm)** **[Recipes from A Newe Boke of Cokery](nboke/neweboke.htm)** **[Regimen Sanitatis Salernitanum](regimen/regimen.htm)** **[17th Century English Recipes](engrec/engrec.html)** **[Tacuinum Sanitatis](tacuin/tacuin.htm)** **[Tales of the Middle Ages](mtales/mtales.htm)** --- **GodeCookery.com** **© 1997-2009** --- **[GOODE COOKYS](cookies/cookies.html)** --- **PLEASE VISIT:** **[The Gode Cookery Bookshop](godeboke/bookshop/bookshop.htm)** ***Medieval Cookery Books for sale at the [Bookshop](godeboke/bookshop/bookshop.htm)!*** | Welcome to Gode Cookery **This is the website serving as the Index Page for the godecookery.com domain. All websites within Gode Cookery are [listed below](#allsites). I****f medieval cooking is your primary interest****, then we ask that you begin your visit to this domain by linking directly to [Gode Cookery](godeboke/godeboke.htm).** **A search engine has been established on every website to help you find what you're looking for while you're here; additionally, the Gode Cookery Ring will navigate you through a random circuit of all Gode Cookery sites.** **Those who use Gode Cookery often are encouraged to support the site by purchasing medieval cookery books & other items through Amazon and our [online bookstore](godeboke/bookshop/bookshop.htm); your support helps keep Gode Cookery on the Internet and free from pop-ads & commercials.** **Thanks for your visit, and enjoy your stay at Gode Cookery!** **James L. Matterer, founder of Gode Cookery** **Monica Gaudio, editor and manager of Gode Cookery** --- **SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENT! As of August 2017, Gode Cookery is undergoing changes.** **Some websites will be changed, others may be removed; please be patient with us during this time of construction! Thank you for your continued support of Gode Cookery!** --- **Looking for something specific at the godecookery.com domain?** **Search Gode Cookery courtesy of [Master.com](http://godecookery.master.com/texis/master/search/mysite.html)** --- **[Gode Cookery](godeboke/godeboke.htm)** **Gode Cookery is an award-winning medieval history website dedicated to the food & feasts of the Middle Ages & Renaissance. Here you will find information on medieval cooking, instructions for preparing authentic feasts, hundreds of recipes, image collections, a medieval cooking discussion group, graphics, photographs, and history resources.** **[http://www.godecookery.com/godeboke/godeboke.htm](godeboke/godeboke.htm)** --- **[A Boke of Gode Cookery](goderec/goderec.htm)** **James Matterer's collection of period receipts redacted for use in the modern kitchen, including soups, sauces, pies, roasts, vegetables, fruits, and sweets. Each dish contains the original period recipe, followed by James' translation and his modern redaction, along with notes, bibliography, and a link to metric, celsius, & gas mark equivalencies for measurements & temperatures.** **[http://www.godecookery.com/goderec/goderec.htm](goderec/goderec.htm)** --- **[A Chaucerian Cookery](chaucer/ccookery.htm)** **Geoffrey Chaucer, the great English poet and author of *The Canterbury Tales*, used food as a literary device to enrich the personalities of his characters. A Chaucerian Cookery examines the references to food and medieval dishes in all of Chaucer's writings, studies the dietary habits of his characters, and gives a complete list of all foods Chaucer refers to. Included is A Chaucerian Feast, which presents an authentic medieval feast based on the writings of Chaucer and 14 corresponding 14th c. recipes, as well as detailing the presentation and courses of a standard medieval feast.** **[http://www.godecookery.com/chaucer/ccookery.htm](chaucer/ccookery.htm)** --- **[A Feast for The Eyes](afeast/afeast.htm)** **A medieval & Renaissance food & feast image collection, with period illustrations of food & cookery arranged in various galleries, all suitable for downloading.** **[http://www.godecookery.com/afeast/afeast.htm](afeast/afeast.htm)** --- **[A Renaissance Cookery Book](../trscript/trscript.html)** **Recipes & additional text from the 16th century culinary manuscript, *A Propre new booke of Cokery* (1545). Included with the 49 original receipts are our translations & contemporary redactions.** **[http://www.godecookery.com/trscript/trscript.html](trscript/trscript.html)** --- [**A Tale of Two Tarts**](twotarts/twotarts.html) **Redactions of two English apple pie recipes and a discussion of how they changed over time.** **[http://www.godecookery.com/twotarts/twotarts.html](twotarts/twotarts.html)** --- **[A Word From the Cook](aword/aword.htm)** **The latest updates and additions to A Boke of Gode Cookery.** **[http://www.godecookery.com/aword/aword.htm](aword/aword.htm)** --- **[Alabama Renaissance Faire](alabama/al2001.html)** **The menus for the Alabama Renaissance Faire Feasts, catered by Gode Cookery, with complete recipes and notes, along with photographs.** **[http://www.godecookery.com/alabama/al2001.html](alabama/al2001.html)** --- **[All Gode Cookery Recipes](allrec/allrec.htm)** **All of the recipes in the Gode Cookery website, in a complete listing arranged alphabetically by category. Over 500 recipes in 10 categories.** **[http://www.godecookery.com/allrec/allrec.htm](allrec/allrec.htm)** --- **[An Elizabethan Dinner Conversation](eldin/eldin.html)** **An excerpt from a 16th century French-English conversation manual, depicting an English family at dinner.** **[http://www.godecookery.com/eldin/eldin.html](eldin/eldin.html)** --- **[Byzantine Recipes](byznrec/byznrec.htm)** **Seven recreated recipes based on ancient sources and traditional Greek cooking, along with a brief overview of Byzantine foods, written by Rebecca and David Wendelken. Originally from a now out-of-print publication called *Early Period*, issue #5.** **[http://www.godecookery.com/byznrec/byznrec.htm](byznrec/byznrec.htm)** --- **[The Cockentrice - A Ryal Mete](cocken/cocken.htm)** **The history of and detailed instructions for preparing that most delectable of Medieval beasts, the noble Cockentrice, part capon and part suckling pig. With photographs of a real Cockentrice.** **[http://www.godecookery.com/cocken/cocken.htm](cocken/cocken.htm)** --- **[Coqz Heaumez - A Helmeted Cock](helmeted/helmeted.htm)** **A 14th c. French recipe from *Le Viandier de Taillevent*, in which a pig becomes a horse and a chicken takes to the saddle! With photographs of a recently prepared Helmeted Cock.** **[http://www.godecookery.com/helmeted/helmeted.htm](helmeted/helmeted.htm)** --- **[Fantastic Fish of the Middle Ages](ffissh/ffissh.htm)** **The fantastic and incredible fish of the Middle Ages, both real & imagined. Excerpts from a Medieval manuscript are generously accompanied by authentic illustrations of strange & exotic fish, sea monsters, and beasts.** **[http://www.godecookery.com/ffissh/ffissh.htm](ffissh/ffissh.htm)** --- **[Feasts Within the Society for Creative Anachronism](scafeast/scafeast.htm)** **Menus from various presented SCA feasts with links to corresponding recipes.** **[http://www.godecookery.com/scafeast/scafeast.htm](scafeast/scafeast.htm)** --- **[Gentyll manly Cokere](pepys/pepys.htm)** **An original translation by James Matterer of the culinary recipes found in *Manuscript Pepys 1047 'Miscell. of Receipt's/M.S.S. Temp. R. Ed. 4',* a late 15th century collection of recipes and remedies found in the library of Samuel Pepys.** **[http://www.godecookery.com/pepys/pepys.htm](pepys/pepys.htm)** --- **[Glossary of Medieval Cooking Terms](glossary/glossary.htm)** **A glossary of medieval cooking terms as found in period manuscripts, with Middle English words and phrases followed by modern English translations.** **[http://www.godecookery.com/glossary/glossary.htm](glossary/glossary.htm)** --- **[Gode Cookery Awards and Site Reviews](godeboke/wallfame/wallfame.htm)** **Our recommendations and awards, along with various site reviews of A Boke of Gode Cookery.** **[http://www.godecookery.com/godeboke/wallfame/wallfame.htm](godeboke/wallfame/wallfame.htm)** --- **[Gode Cookery Bookshop](godeboke/bookshop/bookshop.htm)** **In association with [Amazon.com](http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect-home/abokeofgodecooke?tag-id=abokeofgodecooke&placement=holiday-home-btn-120x90.gif&site=amazon), The Gode Cookery Bookshop presents for sale some of the finest medieval & Renaissance cookery & food books that are in print today.** **[http://www.godecookery.com/godeboke/bookshop/bookshop.htm](godeboke/bookshop/bookshop.htm)** --- **[Gode Cookery Discussion Group](maillist/maillist.htm)** **The Gode Cookery Discussion Group is open to anyone with a desire and willingness to communicate and share information with others interested in Medieval & Renaissance cookery. Members may either receive individual letters or a digest. The list is moderated and SPAM, rudeness, offensive language, and intolerance are not acceptable.** **Members of the Gode Cookery Discussion group have access to recipes, food information, and articles on historical cooking not made available anywhere else at Gode Cookery.** **The Gode Cookery Discussion Group has moved to Facebook!** [**https://www.facebook.com/groups/132904653575089/**](https://www.facebook.com/groups/132904653575089/) --- **[Gode Cookery's Latest Feast](latest/latest.htm)** **Information on Gode Cookery's latest feasts & dinners.** **[http://www.godecookery.com/latest/latest.htm](latest/latest.htm)** --- **[Gode Cookery Photo Gallery](pics/galleries.html)** Photographs & videos of Gode Cookery feasts, dinners, events - even the cooks themselves! [http://www/godecookery.com/pics/galleries.html](pics/galleries.html) --- **[Gode Cookery Ring](godering/godering.htm)** **A quick, easy, and fun way to tour A Boke of Gode Cookery. Simply click on the image of the ring wherever it appears and you will be taken to one of the many medieval & Renaissance cooking sites that comprise A Boke of Gode Cookery. Start your tour here at the Gode Boke Ring homepage.** **[http://www.godecookery.com/godering/godering.htm](godering/godering.htm)** --- **[Gode Cookery Selected Site of the Month](ssite/ssite.htm)** **Each month, A Boke of Gode Cookery selects an outstanding historical website for its Gode Cookery Award. At this page you'll find information on and a link to the current selected site, and a list of the previous awardees.** **[http://www.godecookery.com/ssite/ssite.htm](ssite/ssite.htm)** --- **[Gode Cookery Table of Contents](gcooktoc/gcooktoc.htm)** **A complete listing of all the all the sites within A Boke of Gode Cookery.** **[http://www.godecookery.com/gcooktoc/gcooktoc.htm](gcooktoc/gcooktoc.htm)** --- **[Historical Cookery Page](friends/friends.htm)** **A contributory site for historical cooks to share their recipes and research, with over 100 recreated dishes along with articles on historical cooking subjects. In addition to the recipe and notes, each page also contains a link to metric, celsius, & gas mark equivalencies for measurements & temperatures.** **[http://www.godecookery.com/friends/friends.htm](friends/friends.htm)** --- **[How To Cook Medieval](how2cook/how2cook.htm)** **An explanation of what foods were available in the Middle Ages & Renaissance and the cooking methods employed at that time. This site is designed specifically to help those who wish to re-create Medieval recipes & meals as authentically as possible, and contains lists of what foods were available, how they were cooked, and which foods should never be used by today's Medieval cooks.** **[http://www.godecookery.com/how2cook/how2cook.htm](how2cook/how2cook.htm)** --- **[Illusion Foods](illusion/illusion.html)** **A companion site to Incredible foods, Solteties, & Entremets. Authentic recipes from period sources, detailing dishes that emulate other foods or objects.** [**http://www.godecookery.com/illusion/illusion.html**](illusion/illusion.html) --- **[In the Pursuit of Venison](venison/venison.htm)** **In the Middle Ages, deer were a primary source of food, resources, and inspiration, and the Medieval table was often laden with a variety of venison. This article examines the popularity of deer as an object of the hunt and as an important source of protein in the Medieval diet.** **[http://www.godecookery.com/venison/venison.htm](venison/venison.htm)** --- **[Incredible Foods, Solteties, and Entremets](incrd/incrd.htm)** **Fantastic foods and fabulous presentations for medieval feasts, all from period cooking sources. Not all of the recipes are suitable for eating; however, all are enjoyable to read and wonderfully amazing.** **[http://www.godecookery.com/incrd/incrd.htm](incrd/incrd.htm)** --- **[The Kitchen of Mirth](mirth/mirth.html)** **A collection of humorous tales of cooks, kitchens, food, dining & eating, from both period & secondary sources.** **[http://www.godecookery.com/mirth/mirth.html](mirth/mirth.html)** --- **[Medieval Gingerbread](ginger/ginger.htm)** **Gingerbread in the Middle Ages was nothing at all like its modern descendant. Not only was it not a bread or a cake, some medieval versions didn't even contain ginger!** **[http://www.godecookery.com/ginger/ginger.htm](ginger/ginger.htm)** --- **[Medieval Macabre](macabre/macabre.htm)** **Supernatural and fantastic imagery from the Middle Ages - devils, demons, monsters, witches, and death. Five galleries with 150 pictures, along with the Hans Holbein Alphabet of Death and the Hans Holbein Dance of Death.** **[http://www.godecookery.com/macabre/macabre.htm](macabre/macabre.htm)** --- **[Medieval Recipe Translations](mtrans/mtrans.htm)** **Recipes from several Medieval English manuscripts and collections, each in its original language and accompanied with a literal translation, and followed by a modern interpretation of the recipe and its cooking procedures. These recipes do not contain specific measurements and quantities, but are sufficiently explained that any competant cook will be able to prepare them.** **[http://www.godecookery.com/mtrans/mtrans.htm](mtrans/mtrans.htm)** --- **[Medieval Woodcuts Clipart Collection](clipart/clart.htm)** **A collection of clipart derived from medieval woodcuts and compiled in 8 sections: Animals, Creatures, & Beasts; Biblical Scenes & Figures; Birds; Decorative Borders; Decorative Initials; Miscellaneous Images; People & Human Figures; and Plants & Flora.** **[http://www.godecookery.com/clipart/clart.htm](clipart/clart.htm)** --- **[The Merchant's Page](merchant/merchant.htm)** **Sources for medieval items, products, and books. A member of The League of Renaissance Merchants.** **[http://www.godecookery.com/merchant/merchant.htm](merchant/merchant.htm)** --- **[Messe it Forth](feastpre/feastpre.htm)** **A brief explanation of how period cooks categorized food by using the Four Humours philosophy of the Middle Ages, and how to organize the menu of a modern feast according to medieval standards and practices. Ideal for students with school projects, beginners in medieval cookery, or those who wish to prepare a dinner from the Middle Ages for their friends and family.** **[http://www.godecookery.com/feastpre/feastpre.htm](afeast/afeast.htm)** --- **[Modern Recipes for Beginners](begrec/begrec.htm)** **For cooks not quite ready for authentic medieval cookery, or for guests who are hesitant in trying real period food, these recipes may be just the thing. Although not from true medieval sources and not documentable, they are very period in style, flavor, and ingredients, and are perfect for dinners with a medieval theme where authenticity is not a concern. In addition to the recipe and notes, each page also contains a link to metric, celsius, & gas mark equivalencies for measurements & temperatures.** **[http://www.godecookery.com/begrec/begrec.htm](begrec/begrec.htm)** --- **[Mythical Plants of the Middle Ages](mythical/mythical.htm)** **A brief look at some of the amazing plants that were believed in the Middle Ages to exist. Find out why The Apple of Sodom was much feared, what the Biblical Tree of Life was, and where amber really comes from. With period illustrations. An award winning site, recommended by Infoseek.** **[http://www.godecookery.com/mythical/mythical.htm](mythical/mythical.htm)** --- **[Pilgrims Passing To and Fro](pilgrims/pilgrims.htm)** **Although Chaucer's *Canterbury Tales* pilgrims are fictional characters, the pilgrimage to the Shrine of Thomas á Becket was an actual experience for many medieval folk. This article looks at the lives of Chaucer's pilgrims had they been truly alive and their journey real.** **[http://www.godecookery.com/pilgrims/pilgrims.htm](pilgrims/pilgrims.htm)** --- **[Recipes from A Newe Boke of Cokery](nboke/neweboke.htm)** **A Newe Boke of Cokery is a collection of period recipes with modern adaptations by Rudd Rayfield of Minneapolis, Minnesota. Rudd is a medieval enthusiast with an academic background in Middle English literature and medieval history. He has been cooking medieval cuisine since 1980 and has been doing his own redactions from primary sources since 1988. Each of Rudd's recipes contain the original documented medieval version followed by his modern adaptation, along with notes, bibliography, and a link to metric, celsius, & gas mark equivalencies for measurements & temperatures.** **[http://www.godecookery.com/nboke/neweboke.htm](nboke/neweboke.htm)** --- **[Regimen Sanitatis Salernitanum](regimen/regimen.htm)** **A modern English translation of *Regimen Sanitatis Salernitanum*, the famous 12th - 13th century Salernitan Regimen of Health, a highly respected and scholarly text in the Middle Ages and an invaluable source today for information on medieval food, diet, & medicine.** **[http://www.godecookery.com/regimen/regimen.htm](regimen/regimen.htm)** --- **[17th Century English Recipes](engrec/engrec.html)** **A collection of late-16th & 17th century English recipes & receipts presented in their original language, all from documented primary sources.** **[http://www.godecookery.com/engrec/engrec.html](engrec/engrec.html)** --- **[Tacuinum Sanitatis](tacuin/tacuin.htm)** **Illuminations and text from medieval health handbooks.** **[http://www.godecookery.com/tacuin/tacuin.htm](tacuin/tacuin.htm)** --- **[Tales of the Middle Ages](mtales/mtales.htm)** **True stories, fables, and anecdotes from the Middle Ages, with illustrations.** **[http://www.godecookery.com/mtales/mtales.htm](mtales/mtales.htm)** --- **Gourmet medieval & Renaissance cookies from Gode Cookery, perfect for feasts, weddings, receptions, & more. In dozens of delightful & authentic designs.** **[http://www.godecookery.com/cookies/cookies.html](cookies/cookies.html)** | | | --- | | | | Gode Cookery is © 1997-2009 [James L. Matterer](email.html)

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</div> </li> </ul> </div> <a class="hamburger" aria-label="Menu" href="#"><span></span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="banner-wrap"> <div class="wsite-elements wsite-not-footer wsite-header-elements"> <div class="wsite-section-wrap"> <div class="wsite-section wsite-header-section wsite-section-bg-image" style="height: auto;background-image: url("/uploads/1/1/1/7/11177623/background-images/833591086.jpg") ;background-repeat: no-repeat ;background-position: 50.00% 49.99% ;background-size: 100% ;background-color: transparent ;background-size: cover;" > <div class="wsite-section-content"> <div class="container"> <div class="banner"> <div class="wsite-section-elements"> <h2 class="wsite-content-title"></h2> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class=""></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="main-wrap"> <div id="wsite-content" class="wsite-elements wsite-not-footer"> <div class="wsite-section-wrap"> <div class="wsite-section wsite-body-section wsite-background-65" > <div class="wsite-section-content"> <div class="container"> <div class="wsite-section-elements"> <div><div class="wsite-multicol"><div class="wsite-multicol-table-wrap" style="margin:0 -15px;"> <table class="wsite-multicol-table"> <tbody class="wsite-multicol-tbody"> <tr class="wsite-multicol-tr"> <td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="width:79.671457905544%; padding:0 15px;"> <div><div class="wsite-multicol"><div class="wsite-multicol-table-wrap" style="margin:0 -15px;"> <table class="wsite-multicol-table"> <tbody class="wsite-multicol-tbody"> <tr class="wsite-multicol-tr"> <td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="width:66.565040650407%; padding:0 15px;"> <h2 class="wsite-content-title" style="text-align:center;">Dutch Oven Cooking</h2> <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;"><span>In the world of big wagon cattle outfits, a cook was hired more for his ability to drive a chuck wagon pulled by a team of draft horses than for his cooking skills.  Chances are that when he cooked, he used “Dutch ovens.”  These are cast-iron pots with lids that come in various sizes and can be used over an open fire.  They are non-breakable and easy to transport.</span></div> </td> <td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="width:33.434959349593%; padding:0 15px;"> <div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0px;margin-right:0px;text-align:center"> <a href='/uploads/1/1/1/7/11177623/img6843_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox' onclick='if (!lightboxLoaded) return false'> <img src="/uploads/1/1/1/7/11177623/img6843_orig.jpg" alt="Dutch Oven cooking" style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%"></div> </div></div> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div></div></div> <span class='imgPusher' style='float:right;height:167px'></span><span style='display: table;width:auto;position:relative;float:right;max-width:100%;;clear:right;margin-top:20px;*margin-top:40px'><a href='/uploads/1/1/1/7/11177623/5100163_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox' onclick='if (!lightboxLoaded) return false'><img src="/uploads/1/1/1/7/11177623/5100163.jpg" style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 10px; margin-right: 0px; border-width:1px;padding:3px; max-width:100%" alt="Dutch oven cooking with Floyd Crandall" class="galleryImageBorder wsite-image" /></a><span style="display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom; font-size: 90%; margin-top: -10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;" class="wsite-caption"></span></span> <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;display:block;"><span><font size="2"><strong><font size="3" color="#8d2424">Dutch Oven Cooking with Floyd Crandall  </font></strong> </font></span><br /><span>Floyd Crandall is a rancher, mule man, and Dutch oven cook from Fairfield, Idaho who has perfected the art of Dutch oven cooking.  Floyd believes, “You do not need to be a teamster and wagon cook to become a successful Dutch oven cook.  With today’s new mixes, packaged food that are easy to fix, a very basic set of ovens, and a few accessories, anyone can cook with Dutch ovens.”  He has shared with us some of his simple methods that can be used in your backcountry camp or on your patio at home.  </span><br /><br /><font color="#8d2424"><font size="4"><strong>Techniques, Tips, and Recipes</strong></font>     </font><br /><strong><font size="2"><font color="#8d2424">     by Floyd Crandall</font></font> </strong><br /><br /><strong><font>How to control the heat.</font><font size="3"> </font> </strong><font size="4">I think the first thing a person should learn about Dutch oven cooking is how to control the heat.  Most of the cooking is done on the top of oven.  As a general rule, you should have twice as much heat on the top of the oven as you do on the bottom. That is easy if you are using charcoal. You can simply count them. If you are using coals from a fire, it depends on  what kind of wood you are using and hard woods seem to work the best. You just have try some and see what works the best. Any wood will work ,but you will find that some is surely better. I use only Kingsford charcoal because it is always the same. When I cook in the mountains of Idaho I use either aspen or fir.  In the southwest cedar or mesquite seem to work well.         </font><br /></div> <hr style="width:100%;clear:both;visibility:hidden;"></hr> <div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-thin " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;text-align:center"> <a href='/uploads/1/1/1/7/11177623/8330502_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox' onclick='if (!lightboxLoaded) return false'> <img src="/uploads/1/1/1/7/11177623/8330502.jpg?315" alt="Dutch Oven Cooking with Floyd Crandall " style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%"></div> </div></div> <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;"><font size="3" color="#8d2424"><strong>What Shall We Cook?</strong></font><br />Now that we know how to control the heat, let's cook a real meal that will satisfy almost everyone .<br /><br /><font color="#8d2424">Cooking Meat</font><br />I like to use the best cuts of meat, such as a sirloin roast, because there is no waste and, in case there is any left over, it can be used later in many ways. One half package of dry onion soup mix rubbed on the meat before it is cooked will be all the seasoning that is needed. For a big roast -10 lbs or so- use a whole package. Add a cup of water to your Dutch oven and begin to cook your roast with 8 charcoals on the bottom and 12 on the top. Be sure and not let the oven cook dry.  Add a little water as needed .This is hotter than you would cook biscuits but it works. After about an hour, you will need to add a few new charcoals and now would be a good time to add a couple stalks of celery, two big onions and fill the rest of the oven with carrots and potatoes in what ever proportions you like. If you get the oven too full put a piece of foil over the top .Remember, if you cook the potatoes too long they will be mushy.  Continue to cook about one more hour or until the potatoes are done. You will have gained lots of juice by now and that can be thickened with a little flour or corn starch to make gravy.<br />    If you are in a place where you can do it, the very best way to cook meat  is to bury it in the ground .  To do this, you prepare your meat and vegetables the same way and dig a hole 2 feet deep and 2 feet across.  Fill the hole with wood cut into small pieces and add the same amount of wood above ground and then burn the wood until it is reduced to red hot coals.  Separate the coals and after putting a piece of foil over the oven to help keep the dirt off, place the oven down in the coals making sure to get some on all sides, underneath, and lots on top. Cover the oven with the handle straight up and add enough moist dirt to completely cover the fire. If you can see any smoke, add more dirt. It will take about 6 hours for this to cook.  The good thing about cooking this way is you can dig this up in 6 or 8 hours and it will be done to satisfy your hungry party, without being over cooked.            <br /></div> <div><div style="height: 20px; overflow: hidden;"></div> <div id='594971047454674237-gallery' class='imageGallery' style='line-height: 0px; padding: 0; margin: 0'> <div id='594971047454674237-imageContainer0' style='float:left;width:33.28%;margin:0;'><div id='594971047454674237-insideImageContainer0' style='position:relative;margin:5px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='/uploads/1/1/1/7/11177623/5685248_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery594971047454674237]'><img src='/uploads/1/1/1/7/11177623/5685248.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='300' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:100%;top:-0%;left:0%' /></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id='594971047454674237-imageContainer1' style='float:left;width:33.28%;margin:0;'><div id='594971047454674237-insideImageContainer1' style='position:relative;margin:5px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='/uploads/1/1/1/7/11177623/1869059_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery594971047454674237]'><img src='/uploads/1/1/1/7/11177623/1869059.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='533' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:100%;top:-38.83%;left:0%' /></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id='594971047454674237-imageContainer2' style='float:left;width:33.28%;margin:0;'><div id='594971047454674237-insideImageContainer2' style='position:relative;margin:5px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='/uploads/1/1/1/7/11177623/8811139_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery594971047454674237]'><img src='/uploads/1/1/1/7/11177623/8811139.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='300' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:100%;top:-0%;left:0%' /></a></div></div></div></div></div><span style='display: block; clear: both; height: 0px; overflow: hidden;'></span> </div> <div style="height: 20px; overflow: hidden;"></div></div> <span class='imgPusher' style='float:right;height:285px'></span><span style='display: table;width:auto;position:relative;float:right;max-width:100%;;clear:right;margin-top:20px;*margin-top:40px'><a><img src="/uploads/1/1/1/7/11177623/1389477650.jpg" style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 10px; margin-right: 0px; border-width:0; max-width:100%" alt="Dutch Oven Cooking" class="galleryImageBorder wsite-image" /></a><span style="display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom; font-size: 90%; margin-top: -10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;" class="wsite-caption"></span></span> <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;display:block;">A turkey also works well to either cook with charcoal or bury in the ground .I just season the turkey with a little season-all type salt and cook with 12 coals on top and 8 underneath.  A 12 pound bird cooks in about 2 hours. Buried in the ground, it really doesn't matter what it weighs, a turkey will be done in 4 or 5 hours. Easy Bean Dish:  To complement almost any meat dish, I like to use a very easy bean dish .Take 2 cans of pork and beans, 1 can of kidney beans, 1 can of garbanzo beans, 1 can of lima beans or what ever other beans you like, and mix them together after draining the juice off all but the pork and beans. To this, add a mixture of 3/4 cup of ketchup, 1 Tbsp. of mustard, 1/2 cup brown sugar ,1 Tbsp. molasses and 1 Tbsp. vinegar. Brown 1/2 chopped onion and little bacon and add to the mixture.  Heat this up slowly as you cook your meat.<br /><br /><font color="#8d2424"><font size="3"><strong>Now let's make some biscuits.</strong></font><font size="2">  </font></font><br /><font size="2"> </font>I simply take some Bisquick and mix it up with enough water to make a dough that I can spoon out in biscuit size amounts. (This will take a little practice.)  I usually put 16 or so biscuits in a 12 inch oven. This size oven is good for biscuits.  Each biscuit must be rolled in oil (that's what makes them brown), so add enough oil to your oven to very lightly coat each one as you add them to the oven. Don't worry about their being round. It won't matter. Just crowd them to use up your dough. Now we are ready to add heat. I'm usually in a hurry, so I start with 8 charcoals on the bottom and 12 or so on top. When the biscuits have raised and begin to look like biscuits, reduce the heat on the bottom by two charcoals and cook until the sides begin to pull away from the side of the oven. You will see, as they pull away, that they are also beginning to brown around the edges.  When this happens, remove the bottom heat and continue to cook on top until they are as brown and crusty on top as you like them to be . The biscuits will take about 30 minutes. They are very easy to do; always a big hit at your cookout.<br /><br /> Dump Cake:  Now to go along with your biscuits, roast beef, vegetables and beans,  I like to make some kind of cake. There are many kinds you can use , Some of my favorites are:<ul><li>chocolate cake over cherry pie filling</li><li>spice cake over peaches </li><li>spice cake over apples</li></ul>To make your cake, use packaged cake mix and either canned or fresh sweetened fruit or canned pie filling.  Begin by putting the fruit in the bottom of the Dutch oven and sprinkle the dry cake mix over the top of the fruit. Pour enough 7up (or other lemon lime soda) over the top to moisten the mix a little [about 1/2 can] and poke it around some to begin.  Six coals on the bottom and twelve on top should be about right to cook this in  45 minutes or so.  As it begins to cook, you will see the moisture begin to come up through the cake mix.  If you end up with some dry spots add a little more 7up. You will end up with more of a cobbler than a cake, but very few leftovers.  Any time you cook sugar it will probably stick to your Dutch oven.  Foil lining the oven will somewhat prevent this, but the foil is more trouble than good, so to clean your oven after cooking anything sticky,  just boil it out.<br /></div> <hr style="width:100%;clear:both;visibility:hidden;"></hr> <span class='imgPusher' style='float:right;height:0px'></span><span style='display: table;width:364px;position:relative;float:right;max-width:100%;;clear:right;margin-top:6px;*margin-top:12px'><a href='/uploads/1/1/1/7/11177623/8066236_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox' onclick='if (!lightboxLoaded) return false'><img src="/uploads/1/1/1/7/11177623/published/8066236.jpg?1603313380" style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 10px; margin-right: 0px; border-width:1px;padding:3px; max-width:100%" alt="Dutch ovens" class="galleryImageBorder wsite-image" /></a><span style="display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom; font-size: 90%; margin-top: -10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;" class="wsite-caption"></span></span> <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;display:block;"><font color="#8d2424">How to season cast iron.</font><br />Cast-iron cooking utensils, especially new ones, can stick and give a metallic flavor to foods prepared in them if they are not properly seasoned.  Floyd calls this seasoning process "sweetening." <br /><br />Here is an unusual but very successful seasoning method used by the late Harold Nelson, ranch cook Estes Park, Colorado:<br /><br />Fill the skillet or Dutch oven with water and boil a generous handful or more of dry hay.  The hay can be alfalfa or grass mix. Boil the hay at a rolling boil for about 20-30 minutes.  Then you can rinse the utensil, dry it by heating it on the stove, and rub it with cooking oil or spray it with a cooking oil spray (like Pam) and wipe off the excess. <br />You can also use the water from the boiled hay to sweeten wooden or tin dishes. Soak the dishes for at least 20 minutes.<br /><br />If you don't have hay available, tea leaves will substitute.<br />I just bought a little Japanese-style cast iron teapot and the instructions said that in the unlikely event of rust, the rust is non-toxic, but if it bothers a person, clean the rusted area with a brush and fill the pot with used tea leaves and boiling water - allow to sit 20 minutes, discard and rinse.  It goes on to say the tannic acid in the tea reacts with the rust and forms a natural seal.  The tea and hay must react in similar ways.  So, if you don't have hay available, tea leaves will substitute.<br /><br />Most folks say to avoid soap in cleaning seasoned cast-iron cookware, but a little light soap and water will generally not hurt.  After cleaning, heat the cast iron on the stove till hot, spray with a bit of Pam cooking spray and wipe off the excess and it will be fine.<br /></div> <hr style="width:100%;clear:both;visibility:hidden;"></hr> <div><div style="height: 20px; overflow: hidden;"></div> <div id='202516215137589131-gallery' class='imageGallery' style='line-height: 0px; padding: 0; margin: 0'> <div id='202516215137589131-imageContainer0' style='float:left;width:33.28%;margin:0;'><div id='202516215137589131-insideImageContainer0' style='position:relative;margin:5px;padding:0 8px 8px 0'><div class='galleryImageHolder' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75.08%;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='/uploads/1/1/1/7/11177623/9526694_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202516215137589131]' title='Skillet after being burned all night in the fireplace.'><img src='/uploads/1/1/1/7/11177623/9526694.jpg' class='galleryImage galleryImageBorder' _width='400' _height='225' style='position:absolute;border-width:1px;padding:3px;width:100%;top:12.54%;left:0%' /></a></div></div></div></div><div id='202516215137589131-imageContainer1' style='float:left;width:33.28%;margin:0;'><div id='202516215137589131-insideImageContainer1' style='position:relative;margin:5px;padding:0 8px 8px 0'><div class='galleryImageHolder' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75.08%;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='/uploads/1/1/1/7/11177623/20180213-164505_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202516215137589131]'><img src='/uploads/1/1/1/7/11177623/20180213-164505.jpg' class='galleryImage galleryImageBorder' _width='400' _height='225' style='position:absolute;border-width:1px;padding:3px;width:100%;top:12.54%;left:0%' /></a></div></div></div></div><div id='202516215137589131-imageContainer2' style='float:left;width:33.28%;margin:0;'><div id='202516215137589131-insideImageContainer2' style='position:relative;margin:5px;padding:0 8px 8px 0'><div class='galleryImageHolder' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75.08%;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='/uploads/1/1/1/7/11177623/3908602_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202516215137589131]' title='Same skillet after seasoning'><img src='/uploads/1/1/1/7/11177623/3908602.jpg' class='galleryImage galleryImageBorder' _width='400' _height='225' style='position:absolute;border-width:1px;padding:3px;width:100%;top:12.54%;left:0%' /></a></div></div></div></div><span style='display: block; clear: both; height: 0px; overflow: hidden;'></span> </div> <div style="height: 20px; overflow: hidden;"></div></div> <div class="paragraph"><strong style="color:rgb(42, 42, 42)"><font size="3" color="#8d2424">How to restore a badly dirtied or very rusty Dutch oven or other cast iron.</font></strong><br />If you find a Dutch oven or other cast-iron cookware that has been left very dirty for a long time and will not boil clean, or if you have a Dutch oven that is heavily rusted or blackened you can place it in a wood stove, fireplace, or camp fire until the outer layers of bad material are burned away.  The fire is similar to the heat used in cooking and will not melt the metal, but will burn up charred deposits and oxidation.  Then season as above. <br />We have used this method on cast iron vessels that we thought were unsalvageable with outstanding results.<br /></div> </td> <td class="wsite-multicol-col" style="width:20.328542094456%; padding:0 15px;"> <div><div id="429481943643251144" align="right" style="width: 100%; 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Chances are that when he cooked, he used “Dutch ovens.” These are cast-iron pots with lids that come in various sizes and can be used over an open fire. They are non-breakable and easy to transport. | [Dutch Oven cooking](/uploads/1/1/1/7/11177623/img6843_orig.jpg) | [Dutch oven cooking with Floyd Crandall](/uploads/1/1/1/7/11177623/5100163_orig.jpg) **Dutch Oven Cooking with Floyd Crandall** Floyd Crandall is a rancher, mule man, and Dutch oven cook from Fairfield, Idaho who has perfected the art of Dutch oven cooking. Floyd believes, “You do not need to be a teamster and wagon cook to become a successful Dutch oven cook. With today’s new mixes, packaged food that are easy to fix, a very basic set of ovens, and a few accessories, anyone can cook with Dutch ovens.” He has shared with us some of his simple methods that can be used in your backcountry camp or on your patio at home. **Techniques, Tips, and Recipes** **by Floyd Crandall** **How to control the heat.** I think the first thing a person should learn about Dutch oven cooking is how to control the heat. Most of the cooking is done on the top of oven. As a general rule, you should have twice as much heat on the top of the oven as you do on the bottom. That is easy if you are using charcoal. You can simply count them. If you are using coals from a fire, it depends on what kind of wood you are using and hard woods seem to work the best. You just have try some and see what works the best. Any wood will work ,but you will find that some is surely better. I use only Kingsford charcoal because it is always the same. When I cook in the mountains of Idaho I use either aspen or fir. In the southwest cedar or mesquite seem to work well. --- [Dutch Oven Cooking with Floyd Crandall](/uploads/1/1/1/7/11177623/8330502_orig.jpg) **What Shall We Cook?**Now that we know how to control the heat, let's cook a real meal that will satisfy almost everyone .Cooking MeatI like to use the best cuts of meat, such as a sirloin roast, because there is no waste and, in case there is any left over, it can be used later in many ways. One half package of dry onion soup mix rubbed on the meat before it is cooked will be all the seasoning that is needed. For a big roast -10 lbs or so- use a whole package. Add a cup of water to your Dutch oven and begin to cook your roast with 8 charcoals on the bottom and 12 on the top. Be sure and not let the oven cook dry. Add a little water as needed .This is hotter than you would cook biscuits but it works. After about an hour, you will need to add a few new charcoals and now would be a good time to add a couple stalks of celery, two big onions and fill the rest of the oven with carrots and potatoes in what ever proportions you like. If you get the oven too full put a piece of foil over the top .Remember, if you cook the potatoes too long they will be mushy. Continue to cook about one more hour or until the potatoes are done. You will have gained lots of juice by now and that can be thickened with a little flour or corn starch to make gravy. If you are in a place where you can do it, the very best way to cook meat is to bury it in the ground . To do this, you prepare your meat and vegetables the same way and dig a hole 2 feet deep and 2 feet across. Fill the hole with wood cut into small pieces and add the same amount of wood above ground and then burn the wood until it is reduced to red hot coals. Separate the coals and after putting a piece of foil over the oven to help keep the dirt off, place the oven down in the coals making sure to get some on all sides, underneath, and lots on top. Cover the oven with the handle straight up and add enough moist dirt to completely cover the fire. If you can see any smoke, add more dirt. It will take about 6 hours for this to cook. The good thing about cooking this way is you can dig this up in 6 or 8 hours and it will be done to satisfy your hungry party, without being over cooked. Dutch Oven Cooking A turkey also works well to either cook with charcoal or bury in the ground .I just season the turkey with a little season-all type salt and cook with 12 coals on top and 8 underneath. A 12 pound bird cooks in about 2 hours. Buried in the ground, it really doesn't matter what it weighs, a turkey will be done in 4 or 5 hours. Easy Bean Dish: To complement almost any meat dish, I like to use a very easy bean dish .Take 2 cans of pork and beans, 1 can of kidney beans, 1 can of garbanzo beans, 1 can of lima beans or what ever other beans you like, and mix them together after draining the juice off all but the pork and beans. To this, add a mixture of 3/4 cup of ketchup, 1 Tbsp. of mustard, 1/2 cup brown sugar ,1 Tbsp. molasses and 1 Tbsp. vinegar. Brown 1/2 chopped onion and little bacon and add to the mixture. Heat this up slowly as you cook your meat.**Now let's make some biscuits.** I simply take some Bisquick and mix it up with enough water to make a dough that I can spoon out in biscuit size amounts. (This will take a little practice.) I usually put 16 or so biscuits in a 12 inch oven. This size oven is good for biscuits. Each biscuit must be rolled in oil (that's what makes them brown), so add enough oil to your oven to very lightly coat each one as you add them to the oven. Don't worry about their being round. It won't matter. Just crowd them to use up your dough. Now we are ready to add heat. I'm usually in a hurry, so I start with 8 charcoals on the bottom and 12 or so on top. When the biscuits have raised and begin to look like biscuits, reduce the heat on the bottom by two charcoals and cook until the sides begin to pull away from the side of the oven. You will see, as they pull away, that they are also beginning to brown around the edges. When this happens, remove the bottom heat and continue to cook on top until they are as brown and crusty on top as you like them to be . The biscuits will take about 30 minutes. They are very easy to do; always a big hit at your cookout. Dump Cake: Now to go along with your biscuits, roast beef, vegetables and beans, I like to make some kind of cake. There are many kinds you can use , Some of my favorites are:* chocolate cake over cherry pie filling * spice cake over peaches * spice cake over apples To make your cake, use packaged cake mix and either canned or fresh sweetened fruit or canned pie filling. Begin by putting the fruit in the bottom of the Dutch oven and sprinkle the dry cake mix over the top of the fruit. Pour enough 7up (or other lemon lime soda) over the top to moisten the mix a little [about 1/2 can] and poke it around some to begin. Six coals on the bottom and twelve on top should be about right to cook this in 45 minutes or so. As it begins to cook, you will see the moisture begin to come up through the cake mix. If you end up with some dry spots add a little more 7up. You will end up with more of a cobbler than a cake, but very few leftovers. Any time you cook sugar it will probably stick to your Dutch oven. Foil lining the oven will somewhat prevent this, but the foil is more trouble than good, so to clean your oven after cooking anything sticky, just boil it out. --- [Dutch ovens](/uploads/1/1/1/7/11177623/8066236_orig.jpg) How to season cast iron.Cast-iron cooking utensils, especially new ones, can stick and give a metallic flavor to foods prepared in them if they are not properly seasoned. Floyd calls this seasoning process "sweetening." Here is an unusual but very successful seasoning method used by the late Harold Nelson, ranch cook Estes Park, Colorado:Fill the skillet or Dutch oven with water and boil a generous handful or more of dry hay. The hay can be alfalfa or grass mix. Boil the hay at a rolling boil for about 20-30 minutes. Then you can rinse the utensil, dry it by heating it on the stove, and rub it with cooking oil or spray it with a cooking oil spray (like Pam) and wipe off the excess. You can also use the water from the boiled hay to sweeten wooden or tin dishes. Soak the dishes for at least 20 minutes.If you don't have hay available, tea leaves will substitute.I just bought a little Japanese-style cast iron teapot and the instructions said that in the unlikely event of rust, the rust is non-toxic, but if it bothers a person, clean the rusted area with a brush and fill the pot with used tea leaves and boiling water - allow to sit 20 minutes, discard and rinse. It goes on to say the tannic acid in the tea reacts with the rust and forms a natural seal. The tea and hay must react in similar ways. So, if you don't have hay available, tea leaves will substitute.Most folks say to avoid soap in cleaning seasoned cast-iron cookware, but a little light soap and water will generally not hurt. After cleaning, heat the cast iron on the stove till hot, spray with a bit of Pam cooking spray and wipe off the excess and it will be fine. --- **How to restore a badly dirtied or very rusty Dutch oven or other cast iron.**If you find a Dutch oven or other cast-iron cookware that has been left very dirty for a long time and will not boil clean, or if you have a Dutch oven that is heavily rusted or blackened you can place it in a wood stove, fireplace, or camp fire until the outer layers of bad material are burned away. The fire is similar to the heat used in cooking and will not melt the metal, but will burn up charred deposits and oxidation. Then season as above. 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<html> <head> <script src="https://rich.worldpush.co/js/rp.js"></script> <script> (function() { RichPartners.init({ "pubid": "92010", "siteid": "55811", "niche": "27" }); })(); </script> <title>Free IQ Test - The worlds quickest online iq test</title> <meta name="keywords" content="Free IQ Test, IQ Test, quiz, fast, quick, short"> <meta name="description" content="The world's shortest Free IQ Test."> <link href="stylesheets/MainStyleSheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://partner.googleadservices.com/gampad/google_service.js"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> GS_googleAddAdSenseService("ca-pub-7064956804848331"); GS_googleEnableAllServices(); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> GA_googleAddSlot("ca-pub-7064956804848331", "IQSite_Leaderboard_Homepage_728x90"); GA_googleAddSlot("ca-pub-7064956804848331", "IQSite_RightMidSection_Homepage_120x240"); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> GA_googleFetchAds(); </script>  <script type="text/javascript">  </script> <script type='text/javascript' src="https://partner.googleadservices.com/gampad/google_service.js"> </script> <script type='text/javascript'> GS_googleAddAdSenseService("ca-pub-4759716058514298"); GS_googleEnableAllServices(); </script> <script type='text/javascript'> GA_googleAddSlot("ca-pub-4759716058514298", "iqff728top"); </script> <script type='text/javascript'> GA_googleFetchAds(); </script> </head> <body leftmargin="0" topmargin="0" bgcolor="#666699"> <form name="frmIQ" method="get" action="http://iqtestforfree.com/IQ-Test-Results.php"> <input type=hidden name=country value=us> <div class="BodyWrapper"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="TableBorder" align="center" width="780"> <tr> <td><img src="images/TopBorder.gif" border="0" alt="Free IQ Test"></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <table border="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td valign="middle" align="center"><h2><font color="#666699">Free IQ Test</font></h2></td> <td valign="middle" align="right"><font color="#666699"> <h3>The World's Quickest Free IQ Test®</h3> </font></td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="images/NavBar.gif" border="0" usemap="#IQTestMap"></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <table> <tr> <td width="5px"> </td> <td> <center>  <script data-cfasync="false" language="javascript" async src="https://udmserve.net/udm/img.fetch?sid=15895;tid=1;dt=6;"></script>  </center> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="3" cellpadding="3"> <tr> <td> <p class="BodyTextBold">Welcome to the World's Quickest Free IQ Test ®.      <script type="text/javascript"> var addthis_pub = "jzickgra"; var addthis_brand = "IQ Test For Free"; var addthis_header_color = "#FFFFFF"; var addthis_header_background = "#666699"; var addthis_share = { email_template: "iqtest" } </script> <a href="http://www.addthis.com/bookmark.php?v=20" onmouseover="return addthis_open(this, '', 'http://www.IQTestForFree.com', 'Worlds Quickest IQ Test')" onmouseout="addthis_close()" onclick="return addthis_sendto()" style="text-decoration:none; font-size:x-small;"> <img src="http://s7.addthis.com/static/btn/lg-share-en.gif" width="125" height="16" alt="Email, Bookmark, or Share" style="border:0"/> </a> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://s7.addthis.com/js/200/addthis_widget.js"></script>  </p> <p class="BodyText"> The test takes 5 minutes or less and is 93-96% accurate for native English speakers. <strong>This free IQ test is only appropriate for those 15 years of age or older.</strong> </p> </td> <td width="5px"> </td> <td width="170" > <br/> <table class="TableBorder" width="150"> <tr> <td class="BodyTextBoldCentered"> MENSA Members Online Meeting Scheduled <br> <a href="http://www.us.mensa.org/AM/">Members Click Here For Details</a> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="3" cellpadding="3"> <tr> <td valign="top"> <p class="BodyTextRedBold"> <u>Do not look ahead</u> at the questions until you are ready to begin! </p> <p class="BodyTextBold"> Read the following instructions carefully before taking the test. </p> <p class="BodyText"> The free iq test consists of 9 questions, which must be answered within 5 minutes. 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If the timer reaches 0, points will begin to be deducted from your score. </p> <p class="BodyTextBold"> Free IQ Test Questions Follow </p> <table border="0"> <tr> <td width="220px"><input type="button" value="Begin Test" id="btnStart" name="btnStart" onClick="counterStartClicked();"></td> <td> <table class="TableBorder"> <tr> <td class="BodyTextBoldCentered"> Seconds Remaining<br> <input type="text" readonly="true" size="3" id="txtCounter" name="txtCounter" value="300"> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> <td width="5px"></td> <td valign="top" align="center"> <table border="0" width="175"> <tr> <td> <table border="0" align="center"> <tr align="center"> <td valign="top"> <table border="0" align="center"> <tr align="center"> <td valign="top"> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> <td> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:120px;height:240px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-6757494528274516" data-ad-slot="8549848382"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <hr align="center" width="95%"> <br><br> <table border="0" width="98%"> <tr> <td valign="top"><p class="BodyTextBold">1.</p></td> <td> <p class="BodyText"> Roger's grandfather's son could be Roger's daughter's grandfather. </p> <blockquote> <p> <label> <input type="radio" name="radio1" value="true"> True </label> <br> <label> <input type="radio" name="radio1" value="false"> False</label> </p> </blockquote> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><p class="BodyTextBold">2.</p></td> <td> <p class="BodyText"> Which 2 of these 6 figures are least like the others.</p> <table border="0" align="center" width="85%"> <tr> <td align="center"> <img src="images/lines1/1.gif"><br><input type="checkbox" id="line" value="1"> </td> <td align="center"> <img src="images/lines1/2.gif"><br><input type="checkbox" id="line" value="2"> </td> <td align="center"> <img src="images/lines1/3.gif"><br><input type="checkbox" id="line" value="3"> </td> <td align="center"> <img src="images/lines1/4.gif"><br><input type="checkbox" id="line" value="4"> </td> <td align="center"> <img src="images/lines1/5.gif"><br><input type="checkbox" id="line" value="5"> </td> <td align="center"> <img src="images/lines1/6.gif"><br><input type="checkbox" id="line" value="6"> </td> </tr> </table> <br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><p class="BodyTextBold">3.</p></td> <td> <p class="BodyText"> What is the number that is one-tenth of one-fourth of one-fifth of one-half of 12,000? </p> <blockquote> <p> <input name="3" type="text" size="10" maxlength="10"> </p> </blockquote> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><p class="BodyTextBold">4.</p></td> <td> <p class="BodyText"> The fifth consonant appearing at the beginning of this sentence is the letter "i." </p> <blockquote> <p> <label> <input type="radio" name="4" value="true"> True </label> <br> <label> <input type="radio" name="4" value="false"> False</label> </p> </blockquote> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><p class="BodyTextBold">5.</p></td> <td> <p class="BodyText"> If Tina swims 4 miles upstream at 1 mph and back downstream to the same point at 4 mph, what is her average speed? </p> <blockquote> <p> <label> A. <input type="radio" name="5" value=".8"> .8 mph</label> <br> <label> B. <input type="radio" name="5" value="1.6"> 1.6 mph</label> <br> <label> C. <input type="radio" name="5" value="2"> 2.5 mph</label> <br> <label> D. <input type="radio" name="5" value="3"> 3 mph</label> <br> </p> </blockquote> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><p class="BodyTextBold">6.</p></td> <td> <p class="BodyText"> What word best completes the following series?   artery, beach, circle, ____, eucharist</p> <blockquote> <p> <label> A. <input type="radio" name="6" value="beagle"> beagle</label> <br> <label> B. <input type="radio" name="6" value="bowl"> bowl</label> <br> <label> C. <input type="radio" name="6" value="dough"> dough</label> <br> <label> D. <input type="radio" name="6" value="dusk"> dusk</label> <br> </p> </blockquote> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><p class="BodyTextBold">7.</p></td> <td> <p class="BodyText"> Which 2 of these 6 figures are least like the others.</p> <table border="0" align="center" width="85%"> <tr> <td align="center"> <img src="images/lines2/1.gif"><br><input type="checkbox" id="line2" value="1"> </td> <td align="center"> <img src="images/lines2/2.gif"><br><input type="checkbox" id="line2" value="2"> </td> <td align="center"> <img src="images/lines2/3.gif"><br><input type="checkbox" id="line2" value="3"> </td> <td align="center"> <img src="images/lines2/4a.gif"><br><input type="checkbox" id="line2" value="4"> </td> <td align="center"> <img src="images/lines2/5.gif"><br><input type="checkbox" id="line2" value="5"> </td> <td align="center"> <img src="images/lines2/6.gif"><br><input type="checkbox" id="line2" value="6"> </td> </tr> </table> <br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><p class="BodyTextBold">8.</p></td> <td> <p class="BodyText"> What number best completes the following series?   1, 9, 25, __, 81, 100 </p> <blockquote> <p> <label> A. <input type="radio" name="7" value="36"> 36</label> <br> <label> B. <input type="radio" name="7" value="45"> 45</label> <br> <label> C. <input type="radio" name="7" value="56"> 56</label> <br> <label> D. <input type="radio" name="7" value="64"> 64</label> <br> </p> </blockquote> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><p class="BodyTextBold">9.</p></td> <td> <p class="BodyText"> If the second day of the month is a Monday, then the eighteenth day of the month is a Wednesday. </p> <blockquote> <p> <label> <input type="radio" name="9" value="true"> True </label> <br> <label> <input type="radio" name="9" value="false"> False</label> </p> </blockquote> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><p class="BodyTextBold">10.</p></td> <td> <p class="BodyText"> If some Mees are Moos and all Moos are Yees, are all Yees also Mees? </p> <blockquote> <p> <label> <input type="radio" name="10" value="true"> Yes </label> <br> <label> <input type="radio" name="10" value="false"> No</label> </p> </blockquote> </td> </tr> </table> <p> <br> <input type="submit" value="Submit IQ Test" id="Submit"> <br> </p><br><br> <script id="mNCC" language="javascript"> medianet_width = "300"; medianet_height = "250"; medianet_crid = "642553524"; medianet_versionId = "3111299"; </script> <script src="//contextual.media.net/nmedianet.js?cid=8CUGDNJ66"></script> </p></td> <td width="5px"> </td> </tr> </table> <hr align="center" width="90%" noshade> <table width="100%" border="0" align="center"> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="index.php">IQ Test</a> <font class="BodyText">|</font> <a href="About-IQ-Test.php">About the IQ Test</a> <font class="BodyText">|</font> <a href="Contact-Us.php">Contact Us</a> <font class="BodyText">|</font> <a href="IQ-Member-Login.php">Members</a> <font class="BodyText">|</font> <a href="IQ-Score-Ranges.php">IQ Score Ranges</a> <font class="BodyText">|</font> <a href="IQ-Test-Links.php">IQ Tests</a>  <font class="BodyText">|</font> <a href="IQ-Test-Advertising.php">IQ Advertising</a> <br> <br> Other cool sites:<br><a href="http://thefreeiqtest.com">Free IQ Test</a> | <a href="http://howtousembti.com">How To Use MBTI</a> | <a href="http://wasteaminute.com">Fun Web Games</a> | <a href="https://quizfactory.com">Fun Quizzes</a> <br> <ul> </ul> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </form> <map name="IQTestMap" id="IQTestMap"> <area shape="rect" coords="87,3,230,18" href="About-IQ-Test.php" alt="About the IQ Test"> <area shape="rect" coords="471,3,770,19" href="IQ-Score-Ranges.php" alt="IQ Score Ranges"> <area shape="rect" coords="2,2,85,18" href="index.php" alt="IQ Test"> <area shape="rect" coords="232,3,330,18" href="Contact-Us.php" alt="IQ Test Contact"> <area shape="rect" coords="339,2,466,19" href="IQ-Member-Login.php" alt="IQ Test Member Login"> </map> <script type="text/javascript"> var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? 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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//acme.com/styles.css"> <title>ACME Heart Maker</title>  <link rel="icon" type="image/gif" href="/favicon.gif"> </head> <body>  <div align="center"> <script type="text/javascript"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> </div> <hr class="thick">  <img class="logo" width="138" height="138" src="acme_heart.jpg" alt="heart"> <h2>ACME Heart Maker</h2> <p> <b>Make your own candy valentine!</b> <form method="get" action="heartmaker.cgi"> <center><div align="center"><table border="1"><tr><td><table border="0"> <tr><td align="center"><input type="text" name="text1" value="" size="4" maxlength="4"></td></tr> <tr><td align="center"><input type="text" name="text2" value="" size="4" maxlength="4"></td></tr> <tr><td align="center"><select name="color"> <option>Random Color <option>Green <option>Orange <option>Pink <option>Purple <option>White <option>Yellow <option>Black <option>Gray </select></td></tr> <tr><td align="center"><input type="submit" value="Make Heart"></td></tr> </table></td></tr></table></div></center> <input type="hidden" name="r" value="1469318208"> </form> <p> Accepts letters, digits, ".+-/:;*#!$", space, and a few <a href="special.html">special characters</a>. Up to four characters per line, either one or two lines. </p> <hr class="thick"> <a href="https://validator.w3.org/check?uri=referer"><img class="logo" width="88" height="31" border="0" src="/resources/images/valid-html401-gold.png" alt="valid HTML"></a> <p> <font size="+1"><b>See <a href="hearts.cgi">recent hearts</a> made by other folks.</b></font><br> <a href="http://www.magicwandweddings.com/customcandyhearts.htm">These folks</a> will make actual customized candy hearts.<br> Thanks to <a href="http://www.craphound.com/">Cory Doctorow</a> for image editing help.<br> <a href="ayc/">All your candy are belong to us.</a><br> The ACME <a href="http://acme.com/labelmaker/">Label Maker</a>, <a href="http://acme.com/licensemaker/">License Maker</a>, and <a href="http://acme.com/chumaker/">ChuMaker</a>.<br> Ryland Sanders' <a href="http://www.churchsigngenerator.com/">Church Sign Generator</a>.<br> <a href="http://tombstone.dogcrap.net/create.php">Tombstone Generator</a>.<br> <a href="http://atom.smasher.org/error/">Windows Error Generator</a>. </p> <p> Back to <a href="http://www.acme.com/">ACME Labs</a>.<br> <a href="/mailto/?id=wa"><img class="mailto" src="/mailto/wa.gif" alt="email"></a> </p> </body> </html>

ACME Heart Maker  --- ![heart](acme_heart.jpg) ## ACME Heart Maker **Make your own candy valentine!** | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | --- | | | | | | Random Color Green Orange Pink Purple White Yellow Black Gray | | | | Accepts letters, digits, ".+-/:;\*#!$", space, and a few [special characters](special.html). Up to four characters per line, either one or two lines. --- [![valid HTML](/resources/images/valid-html401-gold.png)](https://validator.w3.org/check?uri=referer) **See [recent hearts](hearts.cgi) made by other folks.** [These folks](http://www.magicwandweddings.com/customcandyhearts.htm) will make actual customized candy hearts. Thanks to [Cory Doctorow](http://www.craphound.com/) for image editing help. [All your candy are belong to us.](ayc/) The ACME [Label Maker](http://acme.com/labelmaker/), [License Maker](http://acme.com/licensemaker/), and [ChuMaker](http://acme.com/chumaker/). Ryland Sanders' [Church Sign Generator](http://www.churchsigngenerator.com/). [Tombstone Generator](http://tombstone.dogcrap.net/create.php). [Windows Error Generator](http://atom.smasher.org/error/). Back to [ACME Labs](http://www.acme.com/). [![email](/mailto/wa.gif)](/mailto/?id=wa)

http://acme.com/heartmaker/

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https://dhmo.org/cancer.html

<html> <head> <title>The $39 Experiment: Asking Random Companies for Free Stuff</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=us-ascii"> <meta name="keywords" content="$39 experiment,39 dollar experiment,39dollarexperiment,the 39 dollar experiment,the39dollarexperiment,free stuff,freebies,free samples,samples,100 letters,100 companies,free,stuff,beg,begging,poor,bum,slob,mooch"> <meta name="description" content="An ordinary guy sends 100 letters to 100 different companies asking for free stuff. Find out what they sent him..."> <LINK rel="alternate" TYPE="application/rss+xml" TITLE="The $39 Experiment" HREF="http://www.the39dollarexperiment.com/39dollar.xml"> <style type="text/css">  </style> <script> function sc(obj,cn) { obj.className=cn; } </script> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="oV6iFTzdGWvAwiB3Fb6WD1UkA80wfRp0BLrme4ddTVw" /> </head> <body> <center> <p/> <table width="750" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"> <tr> <td width="750"> <img src="header.jpg" width="750" height="90" border="0"/></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="750" class="bb"> <a href="http://www.the39dollarexperiment.com/39dollar.xml"> <img src="xml.gif" alt="The $39 Experiment RSS Feed" width="36" height="14" border="0" align="absmiddle"></a><br/> <span style="font-size:9pt"> The most recent updates can be found at <a href="#updates">the bottom of this page</a>. If you've never been here before, read on...</span> <hr/>  <div style="float:right"> <br/><br/> <a href="http://www.hostsite.com"> <img src="http://hostsite.com/images/39-Dollar-Experiment.gif" width="250" border="0"></a><br/><br/> </div> <h1>Who I Am</h1> My name is Tom Locke. I'm not poor; I'm not rich. I'm just an average guy. In fact, who I am is actually irrelevant to this experiment. I just figured I'd introduce myself for the sake of formality. <h1>How This Started</h1> I was sitting around one day, skimming through a pile of bills that I needed to pay. I looked over at a new, unopened roll of stamps that I had sitting in front of me, and I thought to myself, "$39... for a roll of stamps? Geez... You can't get much for $39 nowadays. Or can you...?" <h1>The Idea</h1> The way I looked at it, if I took $39 and went to buy groceries, I wouldn't be able to get all that much. On the flipside, if I took $39 to a casino and lost it all, I wouldn't be all that upset. With that said, I decided I was going to try something — I was going to take my roll of stamps and send 100 letters to 100 different companies, asking for free stuff. I figured that I couldn't do any worse than blowing the $39 at a casino, and who knows... maybe a few of these places would actually send me something good. <h1>My Initial Goal</h1> My initial goal was a little different than what I actually ended up doing. When I started this experiment, I'd planned on walking around my house, grabbing various products (100 total), and pulling the mailing address off of each one. Easy, no? No. This proved to be way more difficult than I'd anticipated. <p/>First off, most of the products I picked up had the company's city, state, and zip code on them, but no actual address. When I <em>was</em> lucky enough to find a product with an address on it, it ended up being an address I already had — 90% of the products in my bathroom were made by either Colgate-Palmolive or Procter & Gamble, and most of the stuff in my kitchen was made by Kraft, Nestle, or Hershey. It became obvious pretty early that finding 100 products around my house with 100 different addresses wasn't going to be as easy as I thought it was going to be. I needed to change my plan a bit... <h1>My Modified Goal</h1> By about the "60 address" mark, I fell into a slump. I had exhausted every product in my house. I was amazed at how many different products were made by only a small handful of companies. I realized that if I wanted to get 100 company addresses, I was going to have to think outside of my house. So, I broadened my scope and starting pulling addresses of other companies — fast food joints, hotels, car rental companies, auto manufacturers... that sort of stuff. I figured, "Hey, a freebie's a freebie." I'm not a fast food lover, but this experiment was less about getting free stuff and more about seeing which companies <em>would actually send me free stuff</em>. <h1>The Finished Product</h1> About ten hours (over the course of two days) and exactly two bloodshot eyes later, it was complete. I had 100 letters to 100 different companies — stuffed, sealed, stamped, and ready to go. I put all 100 letters into the mail on Friday, February 24, 2006 at 9 AM. Now all that was left to do was sit back and wait for a response (or two?) <p/> <img src="sprawl.jpg" width="256" height="128" border="0"/> <img src="stack.jpg" width="308" height="128" border="0"/> <h1>Random Conclusions</h1> Once I had all 100 letters, I reviewed my work and came to a few random conclusions: <ul style="list-style-type:square; margin-top:0.5em"> <li>A surprising number of companies (mostly big companies) have no mention of their company address anywhere — not on their products, not on their websites, nowhere... I guess big companies don't use snail mail these days.<p/></li> <li>Of the products which did have company addresses on them, most were either products from small companies — or <em>pet products</em>. Almost every bag of dog treats that I looked at had a company address on it, whereas not one human snack product that I looked at did... I guess they're not afraid of dogs writing in and complaining to them.<p/></li> <li>The majority of "cosmetic" products (soaps, detergents, toothpastes, cosmetics, cleaning products, etc.) that I looked at were made by one of only three or four companies. I plan to start using shampoo as mouthwash and shaving cream, being that they all come from the same general place.<p/></li> <li>Some company addresses were so difficult to find, it almost seemed intentional. In a few cases, I had to resort to a consumer advocacy site like <a href="http://www.my3cents.com"> my3cents.com</a> or a site like CNN Money to find a company address. </ul> <h1>The List</h1> It was at about this point when I decided that it would be fun to put this experiment online for others to check out. Below, you'll find all 100 actual letters that I sent out to the 100 different companies I'd selected. You'll notice that I "tested the waters" a bit in some of the letters — some of them are simple and to the point, while others are way more off-the-wall. I think as I went along, I started to get a little more "ballsy", and I started to have more fun writing the letters. I'm curious to find out which "style" of letter does better, in terms of actually bringing in free product. <p/><strong><span style="color:#cc3300">As any responses or free product come in, this list will be updated</span></strong>. <p/> <table width="99%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size:8pt" summary=""> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td class="cl"><strong>Company</strong></td> <td class="cm"><strong>Product</strong></td> <td class="cm"><strong>Response?</strong></td> <td class="cr"><strong>My Letter</strong></td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march6.htm">Reynolds<p/>(#1)</a></td> <td class="cm">Aluminum foil</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#ff6600"><strong>UNEVENTFUL</strong><p/> Sent me a recipe brochure containing a few <em>incidental</em> coupons</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I have been using Reynolds foil religiously for more than ten years. In fact, I cook with it everyday! Whether I'm wrapping something in it to steam or putting something messy on top of it to bake, I just love the stuff. Would you happen to have any free product or samples that you could send me? I'd definitely appreciate it! Thanks a bunch! <br/>Tom Locke, Reynolds foil enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march10.htm">Gatorade<p/>(#2)</a></td> <td class="cm">Propel fitness water</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#00cc00"><strong>YES!</strong><p/> Three 60-cent coupons for Propel</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I love the many flavors of your Propel drink. It seems that you're coming out with new flavors all the time, which is great! Please send me a bottle of your favorite flavor of Propel. I can't decide on my favorite, so I'd like to try yours. Thanks! <br/>Tom Locke, natural flavor enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march2.htm">Fellowes<p/>(#3)</a></td> <td class="cm">Compressed air in a can</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#00cc00"><strong>YES!</strong><p/> Four free cans of compressed air</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I can't begin to tell you how much I love your Air Duster product. I use it for things way beyond what I bet it was intended for. Sure, I dust my keyboard with it – but I dust my furniture and my dog with it, too! Yes, my dog! I have a Husky, and he sheds like crazy, and your Air Duster works great for removing excess fur from him. (his name is Rufus Huxtable, by the way.) Anyway, can you send me a free can (or two?) of your Air Duster? Whatever you can do would be great. Thanks! <br/>Tom Locke, canned air enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march6.htm">Pfizer<p/>(#4)</a></td> <td class="cm">Purell hand sanitizer</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#00cc00"><strong>YES!</strong><p/> Three 50-cent coupons for Purell</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I am in love with your Purell hand sanitizer. Never before have I thought that a product composed primarily of alcohol could actually moisturize my hands. Your hand sanitizer does just that. Do you have any free samples of this product that I could have? In fact, I am a free sample "addict", and I'd like free samples of any/every product you have. Thank you. <br/>Tom Locke, hygiene enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march4.htm">Trader Joe's<p/>(#5)</a></td> <td class="cm">Unique grocery items</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#cc0000"><strong>REJECTED!</strong><p/> Told me "no" — sent me nothing</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I love your monthly product flyers (they're quite witty). I also love your products. I always turn to Trader Joe's for specialty sauces and exotic and foreign oddities. The store by my house is always giving away free samples of coffee and/or juice, and it's always good stuff! Do you have any free product samples that you could send me? Nothing easily perishable, of course. But maybe something like that good anti-Ox-idant berry and nut trail mix? Or something else? I just love surprises! Thank you. <br/>Tom Locke, gourmet food enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march3.htm">Wrigley's<p/>(#6)</a></td> <td class="cm">Gum</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#cc0000"><strong>REJECTED!</strong><p/> Told me to buy my own gum — and where to buy it! </td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I am a gum addict. I have tried every flavor of gum made, and nothing compares to your Eclipse "Cherry Ice". Did you stop making that flavor? I've heard people say that it tastes like a cough drop to them – but I love the flavor. Please send me free samples of any and every single gum flavor you have and can send me. I love gum more than I can put into words. Remember that girl from Willy Wonka, always chewing gum? I put that girl to shame. Thank you. <br/>Tom Locke, gum enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march11.htm">Kraft<p/>(#7)</a></td> <td class="cm">Various food products</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#cc0000"><strong>REJECTED!</strong><p/> Told me "no" — sent me nothing</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> Please send me a free sample of every Kraft product made. If you are hesitant to send highly perishable items like cheese, I fully understand. I'll take whatever you have. Thank you. <br/>Tom Locke, food enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="april5.htm">Target<p/>(#8)</a></td> <td class="cm">Rubber bands</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#cc0000"><strong>REJECTED!</strong><p/> Told me "no" — sent me nothing</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I bought a bag of rubber bands from a Target store a few days back, and I must say – I'm very pleased with them. They were made by "work.org". Please send me a free bag of these rubber bands, so that I may share them with my friends. Thank you. <br/>Tom Locke, life enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march15.htm">Celestial Seasonings<p/>(#9)</a></td> <td class="cm">Tea</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#00cc00"><strong>YES!</strong><p/> Three teabags and three coupons for free and discounted tea</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I love tea, and I especially love your tea. Do you make an English Breakfast, Irish Breakfast, or Earl Grey flavor? These are flavors I've not seen made by Celestial Seasonings. Also, would you please be so kind as to send me samples of some of your best teas? I've had many, but certainly not all! Thank you very much! <br/>Tom Locke, tea enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march7.htm">Burt's Bees<p/>(#10)</a></td> <td class="cm">Lip balm</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#00cc00"><strong>YES!</strong><p/> A free stick of Burt's Bees</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> My wife uses your Burt's Bees stick like it's going out of style. You think I could get a free stick of it? Thanks in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, general enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl">Annie Chun's<p/>(#11)</td> <td class="cm">Soup</td> <td class="cm">No</td> <td class="cr">Dear Annie Chun:<br/> Do you have any free samples of your soups that you could please send to me? I've had only the Miso variety, and I loved it! It was umami! Thank you very, very much! <br/>Tom Locke, soup enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march20.htm">Frito-Lay<p/>(#12)</a></td> <td class="cm">Chips</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#00cc00"><strong>YES!</strong><p/> Two 55-cent coupons</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I love your chips. Potato chips, corn chips, baked chips, fried chips. I love them all. I don't know exactly what it is. I think you guys could stick a whole potato in a bag and stick your name on it, and it would taste good. Anyway, would it be possible for you to send me a few free samples of your newest chips? I like to try all of the newest flavors, but I don't get out much. Thanks for anything you can send over. <br/>Tom Locke, chip enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march2.htm">Carma Labs<p/>(#13)</a></td> <td class="cm">Carmex lip balm</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#00cc00"><strong>YES!</strong><p/> A free jar of Carmex</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I know people claim that Carmex is addictive, and I know that you claim it's not. Either way, I love it. I slather virtually half of my face with it prior to bed each night (I don't wear it during the day, because I don't like feeling the least bit greasy). Anyway, I just wanted to tell you that I love Carmex. I once forgot to bring my Carmex with me on business trip, and I was stuck buying an over-priced ChapStick in a hotel lobby. And boy, is that stuff junk. It felt like I was spreading old cheese on my lips. Anyway, can I have a free jar of Carmex? I'm not poor or anything, I just like freebies. Thanks in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, Carmex enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl">Gillette<p/>(#14)</td> <td class="cm">Razors</td> <td class="cm">No</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I need your help. I am terribly indecisive, and when shopping for a new razor, I am inundated by the number of choices you offer. Mach 2, Mach 3, Turbo, Sensor, Sensor XL, the list goes on and on. Can you send me a free sample of each type of razor you produce? If that's not feasible, perhaps you can send me what you personally consider the best Gilette razor? Right now, I shave my face with my wife's brand of leg razors. You know, those "50 for a dollar" pink junk things that only remove hair as a side effect of removing a layer of your skin with it. Those razors aren't very good. Thanks for your help, <br/>Tom Locke, shaving enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march22.htm">Safeway<p/>(#15)</a></td> <td class="cm">Wholesale grocer (Costco)</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#cc0000"><strong>OOPS!</strong><p/> Kindly told me that I wrote to the wrong company</em></td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> A while back, I purchased a two-pack of frozen vegetable lasagna from Costco. It was fabulous! During my recent trip back to Costco, I found that no vegetable lasagnas were in stock, and nobody had information as to when they'd return. Would you please send me a tray of this vegetable lasagna? If you're leery about sending a frozen lasagna through the mail, I understand. Costco also has a bag of dried Shitake mushrooms that I love. I'll take some of those, instead. I used them in a homemade mushroom bisque. It was heavenly. Thank you for your consideration, <br/>Tom Locke, Costco enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march13.htm">Subway<p/>(#16)</a></td> <td class="cm">Sandwiches</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#cc0000"><strong>REJECTED!</strong><p/> Told me "no" — sent me nothing</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I'm just writing to you to tell you that I hate Quiznos, and I hate that freaky sock puppet they used to have singing on their commercials. Just what I want – an ugly, mentally disturbed corporate mascot. Anyway, I eat Subway for lunch all the time. I love the roast chicken breast. Can I get some freebies? Free subs? Free chips? Free anything? If you're feeling generous, I'll take a free party sub. I don't have a ton of friends, but that won't stop me from eating it! Thanks for everything! <br/>Tom Locke, Subway enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl">Quiznos<p/>(#17)</td> <td class="cm">Sandwiches</td> <td class="cm">No</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I'm just writing to you to tell you that I hate Subway. I hate Jared. He annoys me. So some fat guy lost a bunch of weight. Who cares? Doesn't make their nasty, flavorless subs taste any different. Anyway, I love your Classic Italian. I put banana peppers on it to top it off. I usually get that chicken corn chowder soup, a mini chocolate bundt cake, and a bottle of water to finish the meal. Your food quite simply rocks. Can I get something free? Sandwiches, soups, coupons, shirts? Whatever you got. I love the freebies! Thanks for everything! <br/>Tom Locke, Quiznos enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl">Jimmy John's<p/>(#18)</td> <td class="cm">Sandwiches</td> <td class="cm">No</td> <td class="cr">Dear Jimmy John:<br/> I love your sandwiches. Your bread is great. I love the Gargantuan. I can rip that sandwich a new one! Man, that's a lot of meat! mmmmm, meat! Anyway. I just wanted to tell you how much I dig your food. And, oh, yeah, the link to your menu on your Website is broke. Can I get something free for pointing that out? Like a sandwich, or some BBQ chips, or a shirt? I love the signs you got hanging in your joints. Can I get one of those? Thanks well in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, sandwich enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march11.htm">Max and Erma's<p/>(#19)</a></td> <td class="cm">Sit-down restaurant</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#00cc00"><strong>YES!</strong><p/> A free hat, travel cup, and fake tattoos</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I love your food! Your pot pie and your Caribbean chicken are my usual choices. Can I get any freebies? Like a gift card, or a shirt, or something else cool? It's not like I'm going to stop eating at Max and Erma's if you don't send me anything – I just think it would be fun to get a surprise in the mail. Thanks well in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, home cookin' enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march13.htm">T.G.I. Friday's<p/>(#20)</a></td> <td class="cm">Sit-down restaurant</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#cc0000"><strong>REJECTED!</strong><p/> Told me "no" — sent me nothing</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I love your food! Your pulled pork sandwich is my usual choice. Can I get any freebies? Like a gift card, or a shirt, or something else cool? It's not like I'm going to stop eating at Friday's if you don't send me anything – I just think it would be fun to get something cool in the mail from you! Thanks well in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, BBQ enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march9.htm">Sanford<p/>(#21)</a></td> <td class="cm">Pens</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#00cc00"><strong>YES!</strong><p/> Four free pens</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> My wife is an English teacher, and she raves about your "Uni-ball" pens. She goes through those things like they were made out of cake. Any chance you could send over some free samples of those (or other) pens? That would be great! Thanks well in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, consumer product enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march6.htm">S.C. Johnson<p/>(#22)</a></td> <td class="cm">Various cleaning products & cosmetic items</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#00cc00"><strong>YES!</strong><p/> A coupon for free Skintimate shaving gel</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I have a house full of your products, and I'd like to ask you to send me free samples of some of your newer, exciting products that I may not have seen. My wife has a seemingly endless rainbow of your "Skintimate" shaving products, which she likes. Whatever you can send me would be great. I just love free samples! Thanks well in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, free sample enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march6.htm">Airborne<p/>(#23)</a></td> <td class="cm">Cold remedy product</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#00cc00"><strong>YES!</strong><p/> A free tube of Airborne</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I'd say that Airborne is the greatest thing since sliced bread, but I tell you – sliced bread doesn't even come close! I take Airborne religiously at the first hint of a cold, and I feel like Jack Lalanne afterwards every time (except for that whole boat chained to my legs thing he had going on). Anyway, any chance I could get a free sample or something else cool and exciting? Whatever you got, I'll take! Thanks well in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, health and wellness enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march4.htm">Biore<p/>(#24)</a></td> <td class="cm">Nose strips</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#cc0000"><strong>REJECTED!</strong><p/> Told me "no" — sent me nothing</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I love Biore! I never squeeze pimples or blackheads anymore. I even get blackheads on my back and shoulders, and I just slap a Biore strip onto them. No more picking, no more popping, no more red battle scars from obsessive squeezing. What do you have in the way of free samples? I am a free sample addict, and I will take whatever you can send me. I love trying out new products! Thanks well in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, cosmetic enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march20.htm">Nylabone<p/>(#25)</a></td> <td class="cm">Pet products</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#00cc00"><strong>YES!</strong><p/> A "minty fresh" dog chew toy</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> My dog (a random mutt) loves your "Healthy Edibles" bones. I wanted to name the dog "Bonecrusher", but my wife ended up naming him "Rudy Huxtable". What a stupid name for a dog. Anyway, your bones are the only thing that stops this dog from molesting my leg while I'm working on the computer. Any chance you could send over some free samples? My dog – and my leg – would greatly appreciate it! Thanks well in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, "keeping my dog off of my leg" enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl">Galderma<p/>(#26)</td> <td class="cm">Facial cleanser</td> <td class="cm">No</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I use your Cetaphil cleanser daily to wash my nasty face. Do you have a travel size or free samples of Cetaphil that you could send to me? The bottle that I have is much too large to fit into a travel bag when I go on business trips. Thanks well in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, miniature product enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl">Sausages By Amy<p/>(#27)</td> <td class="cm">Sausages</td> <td class="cm">No</td> <td class="cr">Dear Amy:<br/> I absolutely love your "chicken gouda" sausages. I buy the big packs from Costco, and I eat them daily. I usually cook up two fried eggs, and two sausages. I feel like a new man after eating. It's like they're brain food, or something! Better yet, my dog, Dirty Nelly (a shar-pei), is a fussy, fussy eater, and he loves your sausages! Any chance of getting a free sample or something? If you're hesitant about sending sausages in the mail, I'll take shirts, mugs, coupons, or whatever else you have. Thanks well in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, sausage enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march24.htm">Kim and Scott's<p/>(#28)</a></td> <td class="cm">Pretzels</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#cc0000"><strong>REJECTED!</strong><p/> Told me "no" — sent me nothing</td> <td class="cr">Dear Kim and/or Scott:<br/> I had one of your pretzels at a Border's bookstore, and I must say – it was great! It was a stuffed pizza one. Anyway, please send me any samples you can of your other pretzel flavors. I have a problem with commitment, so before I buy anything (yes, even food!), I like to try it out. Whatever you can do would be most appreciated! Thanks well in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, pretzel enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl">Lush Cosmetics<p/>(#29)</td> <td class="cm">Bath products</td> <td class="cm">No</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I love your bath bombs! I really love the "Black Pearl", with that little bit-o-wisdom stuffed inside of it. The last one I got was "slip seven times, get up eight times". I like that! Anyway, can you send me some free samples? You have so much to choose from, I can't make up my mind! Whatever you can do would be most appreciated! Thanks well in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, bath enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march10.htm">Quaker<p/>(#30)</a></td> <td class="cm">Various food products</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#cc0000"><strong>REJECTED!</strong><p/> Told me "no" — sent me nothing</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I have a house full of Quaker products. I love your granola bars – especially those chewy ones. Please send me free samples of any new and exciting products that you think I might enjoy. I am always interested in new and exciting experiences for my taste buds. Thank you well in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, food enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march21.htm">McDonald's<p/>(#31)</a></td> <td class="cm">Fast food</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#cc0000"><strong>REJECTED!</strong><p/> Told me "no" — sent me nothing</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> You may love to see me smile, but I, however, love to see me eat. Please send me coupons for free McDonald's product, so that I may continue to eat (and smile). Thank you well in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, eating enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl">PowerBar<p/>(#32)</td> <td class="cm">Healthfood bars</td> <td class="cm">No</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I am a tall, skinny, lanky, pasty white, beanpole of a man. I am on a quest to turn my skinny self into a chiseled god-like creature. Please, please, send me a free PowerBar or two, so that I can meet my goals. Please don't send too many, however; in my current state of fitness-less, I doubt I'd be able to lift the box. Thank you for your support, <br/>Tom Locke, fitness enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march13.htm">Dairy Queen<p/>(#33)</a></td> <td class="cm">Ice cream</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#00cc00"><strong>YES!</strong><p/> Three $1 gift certificates</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> With my birthday rapidly approaching (in August), I was wondering if you'd be so kind as to send me a coupon for a free Dairy Queen treat. Nothing cools me down in the summer quite like a frozen D.Q. Blizzard. Thank you well in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, cold food enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march10.htm">Nestle<p/>(#34)</a></td> <td class="cm">Various food products</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#00cc00"><strong>YES!</strong><p/> Two coupons for Nestle candy</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I love Nestle, and I love free stuff, so I thought writing this letter was the perfect idea. As I scanned the products in my house, I noticed that Nestle makes a lot of them. With that said, please send me samples of other interesting products – especially those which you think may surprise me when I learn that they are made by Nestle. And I'm sorry, but I can't find out how to make that mark over the "e", so I just have to say "Nestle". Thank you well in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, "free stuff" enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march18.htm">Energizer<p/>(#35)</a></td> <td class="cm">Batteries</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#00cc00"><strong>YES!</strong><p/> Three $1 coupons</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> My wife watches so much television, I sometimes forget that she's not physically and permanently attached to my couch. Anyway. It came to my attention yesterday that I own eleven – yes eleven – remote controls. Absurd, I know. I was wondering if you'd be able to help me, by sending me some free batteries – AA in size. If I can't un-glue my wife from the television, at least maybe I can cut down on the cost of keeping her around by getting a few free batteries to keep the eleven remote controls operative. Thank you well in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, television anti-enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march3.htm">Hormel<p/>(#36)</a></td> <td class="cm">Spam, chili</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#cc0000"><strong>REJECTED!</strong><p/> Told me "no" — sent me chili recipes instead</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I love your products. Well, I'm actually not too crazy about Spam. The meat is a little too... can-shaped... for my taste. It's a little creepy. Anyway. I am writing to you because I am a chili connoisseur, and I love your chili. Please send me all of the free chili samples you can, without getting yourself into trouble for giving away too much free chili to a guy like me. Thank you well in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, chili enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march2.htm">Stash<p/>(#37)</a></td> <td class="cm">Tea</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#00cc00"><strong>YES!</strong><p/> Nine free tea samples and a tea catalog</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I love tea, and I especially love your tea. Do you make an English Breakfast or Irish Breakfast flavor? These are flavors I've not seen made by Stash. Also, would you please be so kind as to send me samples of some of your best teas? I've had most of them, but certainly not all of them! Thank you very much! <br/>Tom Locke, tea enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march9.htm">Chicken of the Sea<p/>(#38)</a></td> <td class="cm">Canned tuna</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#00cc00"><strong>YES!</strong><p/> Coupons for free and discounted tuna</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> Do you make products other than canned tuna? I love oysters and clams, too. Do you have any free samples of canned oysters or clams that you could send me? I like tuna, too, though, so if that's all you have, I'd like a free can of that, too. Thank you very much! <br/>Tom Locke, canned seafood enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl">Stacy's Pita Chips<p/>(#39)</td> <td class="cm">Pita chips</td> <td class="cm">No</td> <td class="cr">Dear Stacy:<br/> What MilkBone is to dogs, Stacy's Pita Chips is to humans, and I mean that in a good way! When I eat your pita chips with my lunch, my teeth feel clean! No other wimpy chip does that. It must be all of those rough, abrasive, micro pita molecules bashing the slime off of my teeth. Anyway, do you have a free sample or two you could send my way? I've only had your original flavor, but I'm sure you have others, and I'm dying to try them. Thank you very much! <br/>Tom Locke, clean teeth enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march3.htm">Smuckers<p/>(#40)</a></td> <td class="cm">Jams & jellies</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#cc0000"><strong>REJECTED!</strong><p/> Told me "no" — sent me nothing <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> Do you know what my favorite breakfast is? I'll tell you. It's half of a brick of Philadelphia cream cheese, covered with Smuckers raspberry jelly. Refreshing and delicious. I got hungry just typing this. Please send me some free jelly or jam. Thank you well in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, jelly and jam enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="april17.htm">Wyeth<p/>(#41)</a></td> <td class="cm">ChapStick</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#00cc00"><strong>YES!</strong><p/> Three ChapSticks and coupons</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I hate the way that the harsh winters make my lips crack like a caffeinated mobster under a heat lamp. Please send me a free stick of your most powerful ChapStick, as I have yet to find anything that soothes my sore, aching lips. Thank you well in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, smooth lip enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl">Wallace's Old Fashion Skins<p/>(#42)</td> <td class="cm">Pork skins</td> <td class="cm">No</td> <td class="cr">Dear Wallace:<br/> I'm a big city boy, but nothing satisfies my hunger (and dissatisfies my cardiologist) more than a good old bag of pork skins. I recently came across your company online, and I want to try your pork skins. So, gimme some skin! No, seriously. Let me try a bag. Thanks! Sooeeeeee! (that's my pig call) <br/>Tom Locke, pig, hog, and pork skin enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl">Industrial Tool & Die<p/>(#43)</td> <td class="cm">Nail clippers</td> <td class="cm">No</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I recently read online that you folks make the best fingernail clipper available. I currently use a nasty old rusty pair of clippers that I'm surprised hasn't given me tetanus by now. Do you think that you could send me a pair of those clippers? I tell ya, I really, really need 'em. Thanks in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, nail care enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="#updates">Colgate-Palmolive<p/>(#44)</a></td> <td class="cm">Various cleaning products & cosmetic items</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#00cc00"><strong>YES!</strong><p/> 10 coupons worth a total of $6</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I love personal care products, and I love free samples. Please send me every free sample you have available. Toothpastes, soaps, everything. I greatly appreciate this. Thank you well in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, personal care enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl">Durex<p/>(#45)</td> <td class="cm">Condoms</td> <td class="cm">No</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I currently use Trojan Magnum XL condoms, and while they are the proper size, they don't offer me the sensation that Durex condoms do. Does Durex have an extra large condom available, comparable to the Trojan Magnum XL? Please send me a few samples if such a condom exists. I need that Durex sensation without unnecessarily strangling my member in a smaller-sized condom. Thank you well in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, intercourse enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march13.htm">Hershey<p/>(#46)</a></td> <td class="cm">Chocolate</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#cc0000"><strong>REJECTED!</strong><p/> Told me "no" — sent me nothing</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I love Hershey chocolate. I cannot fully articulate my passion for chocolate. I particularly enjoy dark, dark chocolate. Please send me samples of the darkest chocolates you have available, so that I may experience new taste sensations. Thank you well in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, chocolate enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl">Popcorn Palace<p/>(#47)</td> <td class="cm">Popcorn</td> <td class="cm">No</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I was recently given a bag of your Popcorn Palace popcorn, covered in chocolate (the popcorn was covered in chocolate, not the bag). Anyway. This popcorn was by far the best popcorn I've ever had. Please send me a free bag of this popcorn – or if you're feeling exceptionally generous, please send me a bag of each flavor so that I may live a life of variety. Thank you well in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, popcorn enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march24.htm">Brownberry<p/>(#48)</a></td> <td class="cm">Bread</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#00cc00"><strong>YES!</strong><p/> Three $1 coupons</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> The other day, I made a sandwich using your Brownberry oatnut bread. While I was enjoying my sandwich, I realized that I forgot to put anything on it. I was, indeed, eating a slice of bread, atop another slice of bread – with nothing more than air between the slices. And you know something? It was still excellent! Please send me a free loaf of this oatnut bread, or something comparable. I love that bread. It's good without meat or cheese. It's just good, good bread. Thank you well in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, bread enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl">Republic of Tea<p/>(#49)</td> <td class="cm">Tea</td> <td class="cm">No</td> <td class="cr">Dear Tea Minister:<br/> I regularly drink your Ginger Peach tea and your Earl Greyer (bag form). I do, however, own more than ten other flavors. I was wondering if you could send me a Republic of Tea "sampler". You have so many flavors, that I'd like to sample them all. I appreciate it very much. Thank you well in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, tea enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl">Eight in One Pet Products<p/>(#50)</td> <td class="cm">Pet Products</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#00cc00"><strong>YES!</strong><p/> $25 worth of free dog snacks</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I own a Rottweiler named Sir Shagwell. I am writing to you on both Shagwell's behalf, as well as my own. Before I feed Shagwell any type of pet snacks, I personally sample them to assess their quality and flavor. After all, if I think they taste bad, what is Shagwell expected to think? I just wanted to let you know that your "Dingoroo" dog treats taste excellent, and Sir Shagwell agrees with me. I would like to request free samples of any similar treats you may have available. I appreciate the quality that obviously goes into making your products. Thank you well in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, pet product enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march15.htm">Del Monte Pet Products<p/>(#51)</a></td> <td class="cm">Pet Products</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#00cc00"><strong>YES!</strong><p/> Five coupons for free and discounted dog snacks</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I own a Boston Terrier named Lil' Brudder. I am writing to you on both Lil' Brudder's behalf, as well as my own. Before I feed Lil' Brudder any type of pet snacks, I personally sample them to assess their quality and flavor. After all, if I think they taste bad, what is Lil' Brudder expected to think? I just wanted to let you know that your "Canine Carry Outs" dog treats taste excellent, and Lil' Brudder agrees with me. I would like to request free samples of any similar treats you may have available. I appreciate the quality that obviously goes into making your products. Thank you well in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, pet product enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl">World Variety Produce<p/>(#52)</td> <td class="cm">Produce</td> <td class="cm">No</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I recently made a lobster bisque using your "Melissa's Shallots", and they were the finest shallots I've ever used. The flavor was exquisite. Do you have samples of any other fine produce which you could send to me for my culinary exploration? Thank you well in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, produce enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl">Vitners<p/>(#53)</td> <td class="cm">Potato chips</td> <td class="cm">No</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I love Vitner chips. Best. Chips. Around. Period. Hands-down. I love them so much, in fact, that I'd like to ask you to send me a bag of every flavor you have so that I can decide on my single favorite. If this equates to too many bags of chips, I'll take whatever you have and can send my way. Thank you well in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, chip enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march27.htm">Riceland<p/>(#54)</a></td> <td class="cm">Rice</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#00cc00"><strong>YES!</strong><p/> Three coupons for free and discounted rice</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I'm getting bored with plain old "white rice". Please send me a bag of the wildest, most exotic, kicked-up rice variety you have. My mouth needs some excitement. Thank you well in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, rice enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march8.htm">Eden Foods<p/>(#55)</a></td> <td class="cm">Soy products</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#00cc00"><strong>YES!</strong><p/> Pasta, tea, and soymilk</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I love soybeans. I love soymilk. Please send me samples of other exciting soy products which you think that I may enjoy. Thank you well in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, soy enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march13.htm">General Mills<p/>(#56)</a></td> <td class="cm">Cereal</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#cc0000"><strong>REJECTED!</strong><p/> Told me "no" — sent me nothing</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I often eat cereal for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. I am a cereal aficionado. Please send me a free sample of every General Mills cereal made. I want to be only person amongst my group of friends who can claim to have eaten every kind of cereal you make! Thank you kindly, <br/>Tom Locke, cereal enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl">Coca-Cola<p/>(#57)</td> <td class="cm">Coke</td> <td class="cm">No</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> Do you have any free samples that you want to send me? I love Coke, and I love free samples. Mini bottles of Coke? Coke flavored gum? Mints? Candy? Anything else that the Coca-Cola company makes? Collectable shirts, mugs, hats, mouse pads? I'll take anything you got! Thank you in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, cola enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march6.htm">Pepsi<p/>(#58)</a></td> <td class="cm">Pepsi</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#00cc00"><strong>YES!</strong><p/> A Pepsi pen, pencil, stickers, and gift catalog</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> Do you have any free samples that you can send me? I love Pepsi, and I love free samples. Miniature or travel-size bottles of Pepsi? Pepsi flavored gum? Mints? Candy? Anything else that the Pepsi company makes? Collectable shirts, mugs, hats, mouse pads? I'll take anything you have! Thank you in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, cola enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march8.htm">Office Max<p/>(#59)</a></td> <td class="cm">Office supplies</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#cc0000"><strong>REJECTED!</strong><p/> Told me "no" — sent me nothing</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I recently started my own small business, and I was wondering if you would be so kind as to provide me with free samples of office supplies that I may need to help me get started. Rubber bands, paper clips, pens, staplers, staples. Anything that you think would help a budding entrepreneur to make it through the busy days! Thank you in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, business enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl">Staples<p/>(#60)</td> <td class="cm">Office supplies</td> <td class="cm">No</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I recently started my own small business, and I was wondering if you would be so kind as to provide me with free samples of office supplies that I may need to help me get started. Rubber bands, paper clips, pens, staplers, staples. Anything that you think would help a budding entrepreneur to make it through the busy days! Thank you in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, business enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march6.htm">Biotene<p/>(#61)</a></td> <td class="cm">Mouthwash</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#00cc00"><strong>YES!</strong><p/> A few samples of gum, toothpaste, and mouthwash</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> Do you have any free samples or travel sizes of your Biotene mouthwash that you can send me? I had several canker sores last year the size of nickels, and they were brutal. Your Biotene product is the only thing I've found that doesn't destroy my oral mucosa. Thank you! <br/>Tom Locke, oral hygiene enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl">Fisher Nuts<p/>(#62)</td> <td class="cm">Nuts</td> <td class="cm">No</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I love nuts! Do you have any free samples of your nuts that I could try? I love raw nuts, in particular. While I'm quite partial to raw cashews and almonds, I'll gladly try anything that you're willing to send me. Thank you kindly, <br/>Tom Locke, raw nut enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march6.htm">Church & Dwight<p/>(#63)</a></td> <td class="cm">Arm & Hammer baking soda products</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#ff6600"><strong>UNEVENTFUL</strong><p/> Sent me a baking soda brochure which contained a few <em>incidental</em> coupons</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> Do you have any samples of your cleaning products that you could send me? I use Arm & Hammer baking soda for everything around the house, but I'd love to try any other new and exciting products that you may have. I once cleaned every toilet in my home with nothing more than baking soda and a toothbrush. My wife thought I was insane, and my dog (Uncle Jeepers) was a tad upset that he couldn't drink from the toilet for the day, but the results were worth it! Thank you in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, home cleanliness enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march18.htm">Clorox<p/>(#64)</a></td> <td class="cm">Bleach</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#cc0000"><strong>REJECTED!</strong><p/> Told me "no" — sent me nothing</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> Do you have any free product samples that you could send my way? I love your Clorox Wipes, and your "splash less" bleach. I'll admit it. I lead a pretty boring, uneventful life, but I do enjoy cleaning my house. With that said, any freebies you can send my way will ensure that even if my days aren't bright, at least my toilets and sinks will be! Thank you in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, home cleanliness enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="april3.htm">Procter and Gamble<p/>(#65)</a></td> <td class="cm">Various cleaning products</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#cc0000"><strong>REJECTED!</strong><p/> Told me "no" — sent me nothing</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> Do you have any free product samples that you could send my way? I'd love samples of laundry soaps, especially those fragrance-free soaps. I really love those Mr. Clean Magic Erasers you make, too. Those things really are magic. Basically, anything that you have and you think I'd like, I'll take! Thank you in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, free sample enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl">Chiquita<p/>(#66)</td> <td class="cm">Fruit</td> <td class="cm">No</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I love fruit. I love bananas! Do you have any samples or trial sizes of fruit that you could send me? Not like, miniature fruits, but like, trial size packages. I understand that shipping bananas via standard postal mail could prove fruitless (no pun intended), but if you have samples of dried fruits – especially dried bananas – I'd love them! Thank you in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, fruit enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march4.htm">Barilla<p/>(#67)</a></td> <td class="cm">Pasta</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#cc0000"><strong>REJECTED!</strong><p/> Told me "no" — sent me nothing</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> Please send me free samples of your pasta. I've heard that it's the best pasta around, and I've not as of yet tried it. I heard that your pasta doesn't stick to itself – I could have used that thirty years ago, when my mother used to hit me with wet noodles. They stuck to me like glue, so they obviously were not Barilla noodles! Thank you in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, pasta enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march10.htm">Golden Grain<p/>(#68)</a></td> <td class="cm">Rice-a-Roni</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#cc0000"><strong>REJECTED!</strong><p/> Told me "no" — sent me Rice-a-Roni recipes instead</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> Please send me free samples of your rice products. I currently make my own "flavored rice", by starting with plain white rice and seasoning it on my own. It never seems to come out quite right, and it's more of a pain than it's worth. In fact, it often just tastes like white rice, only orange. It's usually not very good. Any samples you can send to me would be much appreciated. Thank you in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, rice enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl">Cold Stone<p/>(#69)</td> <td class="cm">Ice cream</td> <td class="cm">No</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I love your iced cream! Watching my custom creation hand-crafted as I watch is surpassed only by actually devouring said creation. My wife and I make weekly trips to Cold Stone for your frozen treats. She always gets the same thing; I always try something new! Do you think that you could send us a Cold Stone freebie or a gift card or something of that sort? We'd both appreciate it! Thank you kindly, <br/>Tom Locke, iced cream enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl">Auntie Anne's<p/>(#70)</td> <td class="cm">Pretzels</td> <td class="cm">No</td> <td class="cr">Dear Auntie Anne:<br/> I love your pretzels! I had one before that had so much butter on it, I thought I was eating a sponge. It was great! I love butter. So, your pretzels hit the spot. Can you send me a coupon for a free pretzel or something? Every time I pass up the Auntie Anne's in the mall, I start to salivate like a Pavlov dog! Thank you kindly, <br/>Tom Locke, pretzel enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl">Long John Silver's<p/>(#71)</td> <td class="cm">Fast food</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#cc0000"><strong>OOPS!</strong><p/> Returned to sender — "Unable to forward"<p/><em>resent with correct address</em></td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> Ahoy! I am writing to you to request a free coupon, or something equally exciting. I love your breaded clams. I love your fish covered in malt vinegar. I love it all. Like I said, I'd love some free coupons! If it were socially acceptable, I'd wear a hat and an eye patch in your restaurants, and I'd bring along a parrot. Aye! Thank you in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, pirate enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march4.htm">White Castle<p/>(#72)</a></td> <td class="cm">Fast food</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#00cc00"><strong>YES!</strong><p/> Coupons for 19 burgers and more</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I am writing to you to tell you that I don't care what they say about you! I've heard people call your burgers "sliders", implying that that they "slide right out". I've never had a problem of that caliber with your mini morsels of goodness. They certainly "slide in" just fine, and I like it like that. Any chance of sending me a coupon for a free burger, or a free sack of ten, or something? I can't get enough of your burgers. I wish there were more of your establishments in my area. Thank you in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, tiny burger enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march6.htm">Red Lobster<p/>(#73)</a></td> <td class="cm">Sit-down restaurant</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#cc0000"><strong>REJECTED!</strong><p/> Told me "no" — sent me nothing</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I love shrimp! I love crab! I love coupons! Shrimp + crab + free coupons + me = happy. I never was very good at math, but I think you get my point. I'd love a free coupon or something. Thank you in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, seafood enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl">Kentucky Fried Chicken<p/>(#74)</td> <td class="cm">Fast food</td> <td class="cm">No</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I have to tell you – I love your chicken. It's the best fried chicken around. The breading... I could eat a bucket full of just the breading. Breading and skin. That's the ticket! Anyway, your chicken is outstanding. If I weren't afraid of being arrested, I'd go to KFC to lick other people's fingers – that's how much I like your chicken. Please send me a coupon for a free chicken, so that I do not have to resort to licking strangers' fingers. Thank you in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, fried chicken enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march18.htm">Campbell's Soup<p/>(#75)</a></td> <td class="cm">Soup</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#00cc00"><strong>YES!</strong><p/> Four 50-cent coupons</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I cook with Campbell's soup in virtually every meal that I make. Your tomato and cream of chicken soups are the most versatile things around! I can make sauces, gravies, you name it. Please send me a coupon for a few free cans of soup. It would make my day! Thank you in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, condensed soup enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl">Popeye's Chicken<p/>(#76)</td> <td class="cm">Fast food</td> <td class="cm">No</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I love your chicken, and I love your beans and rice. Do you have any free coupons you could send me for a free meal, or a free side or something? I could eat at Popeye's daily, if my wife would let me! Thank you in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, food enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march17.htm">Boston Market<p/>(#77)</a></td> <td class="cm">Fast food</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#00cc00"><strong>YES!</strong><p/> 33% of a $50 coupon book</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I love your chicken, and I love your creamed spinach. Do you have any free coupons you could send me for a free meal, or a free side or a free dessert or something? I could eat at Boston Market daily, if my cardiologist would let me! Thank you in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, food enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march6.htm">Bennigan's<p/>(#78)</a></td> <td class="cm">Sit-down restaurant</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#cc0000"><strong>REJECTED!</strong><p/> Told me "no" — sent me nothing</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I love Bennigan's. I love the food. I love the ambiance. Do you think you could me a coupon for a free or discounted meal or something equally fun? I think it would be swell if you treated me to appetizer or something! Thank you in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, food and entertainment enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march7.htm">Dunkin Donuts<p/>(#79)</a></td> <td class="cm">Fast food</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#00cc00"><strong>YES!</strong><p/> Five $1 gift checks</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I love Munchkins, and I love your coffee. Please send me a coupon for either a free Munchkin, a free coffee, or both! I also like your breakfast sandwiches, so I'd take a free one of those, too. Thank you in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, breakfast enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march9.htm">Wendy's<p/>(#80)</a></td> <td class="cm">Fast food</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#cc0000"><strong>REJECTED!</strong><p/> Told me "no" — sent me nothing</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I am a tall, skinny guy who loves your food! I once ate two Triple Stacks, an order of nuggets, a broccoli cheese potato, and a Biggie drink in a single sitting. I can't tell you how close I was to abdominal rupture! Anyway, I love watching people's expressions as I virtually inhale your food. Think you can send me a free coupon or something? I'd like to eat a Wendy's burger, knowing that this one was "on the house"! Thank you in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, burger enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl">Papa John's Pizza<p/>(#81)</td> <td class="cm">Fast food</td> <td class="cm">No</td> <td class="cr">Dear Papa John:<br/> What sort of genius does it require to come up with the idea to put garlic butter onto an already buttery pizza? Purely genius! I love butter, and I love pizza. Needless to say, your pizza is a party in my mouth. Please send me a free coupon for a pizza or appetizer or something. I can't get enough of your pizza. Thank you in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, pizza enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl">Applebee's<p/>(#82)</td> <td class="cm">Sit-down restaurant</td> <td class="cm">No</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I love Applebee's. I love the food. I love the ambiance. Do you think you could me a coupon for a free or discounted meal or something equally fun? I think it would be swell if you treated me to appetizer or something! Thank you in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, food and entertainment enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl">Ace Hardware<p/>(#83)</td> <td class="cm">Tools</td> <td class="cm">No</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I just bought a new home, and I'm completely clueless when it comes to hardware. Please send a free tool which you think I would find both useful and fun. I will consider it a much-needed housewarming gift! Thank you in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, home enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl">Kmart<p/>(#84)</td> <td class="cm">Various items</td> <td class="cm">No</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I just bought a new home, and I'm completely clueless when it comes to home furnishing. Please send me something that you think would liven up my home! Thank you in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, home enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl">Arby's<p/>(#85)</td> <td class="cm">Fast food</td> <td class="cm">No</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I love your roast beef. I've often had daydreams of replacing my blanket with a blanket of Arby's thinly-sliced roast beef. Anyway. I love your potato cakes, too. Do you think you could send me a free coupon? Maybe for a free sandwich? Or a few potato cakes? Whatever you think would make a nice gift to me! Thank you in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, beef enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march20.htm">CVS<p/>(#86)</a></td> <td class="cm">Pharmacy items</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#cc0000"><strong>REJECTED!</strong><p/> Told me "no" — sent me nothing</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I am a health and wellness addict. Please send me a random product which you think I would enjoy. It doesn't have to be something big, just something nice! I like surprises. Thank you in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, health enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl">Days Inn<p/>(#87)</td> <td class="cm">Hotel</td> <td class="cm">No</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I love traveling, especially during off-peak seasons. I hate crowds. Please send me a coupon for a free night's stay at your hotel – even if it's only valid during off-peak times. You'll still be making money off of me – I mean, who stays in a hotel for one day, right? Plus, I'll be eating in your restaurants, buying your souvenirs, etc. Thank you in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, travel enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl">Hampton Inn<p/>(#88)</td> <td class="cm">Hotel</td> <td class="cm">No</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I love traveling, especially during off-peak seasons. I hate crowds. Please send me a coupon for a free night's stay at your hotel – even if it's only valid during off-peak times. You'll still be making money off of me – I mean, who stays in a hotel for one day, right? Plus, I'll be eating in your restaurants, buying your souvenirs, etc. Thank you in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, travel enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl">Radisson Hotel<p/>(#89)</td> <td class="cm">Hotel</td> <td class="cm">No</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I love traveling, especially during off-peak seasons. I hate crowds. Please send me a coupon for a free night's stay at your hotel – even if it's only valid during off-peak times. You'll still be making money off of me – I mean, who stays in a hotel for one day, right? Plus, I'll be eating in your restaurants, buying your souvenirs, etc. Thank you in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, travel enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl">Ramada Inn<p/>(#90)</td> <td class="cm">Hotel</td> <td class="cm">No</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I love traveling, especially during off-peak seasons. I hate crowds. Please send me a coupon for a free night's stay at your hotel – even if it's only valid during off-peak times. You'll still be making money off of me – I mean, who stays in a hotel for one day, right? Plus, I'll be eating in your restaurants, buying your souvenirs, etc. Thank you in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, travel enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl">Ritz Carlton<p/>(#91)</td> <td class="cm">Hotel</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#cc0000"><strong>OOPS!</strong><p/> Returned to sender — "Not deliverable as addressed"</em></td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I love traveling, especially during off-peak seasons. I hate crowds. Please send me a coupon for a free night's stay at your hotel – even if it's only valid during off-peak times. You'll still be making money off of me – I mean, who stays in a hotel for one day, right? Plus, I'll be eating in your restaurants, buying your souvenirs, etc. Thank you in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, travel enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl">Westin Hotel<p/>(#92)</td> <td class="cm">Hotel</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#cc0000"><strong>REJECTED!</strong><p/> Told me "no" — sent me nothing</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I love traveling, especially during off-peak seasons. I hate crowds. Please send me a coupon for a free night's stay at your hotel – even if it's only valid during off-peak times. You'll still be making money off of me – I mean, who stays in a hotel for one day, right? Plus, I'll be eating in your restaurants, buying your souvenirs, etc. Thank you in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, travel enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl">Hertz<p/>(#93)</td> <td class="cm">Rental cars</td> <td class="cm">No</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I love traveling. Please send me a coupon for a free or discounted rental car. It will be good karma. Thank you in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, travel enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl">Avis<p/>(#94)</td> <td class="cm">Rental cars</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#00cc00"><strong>YES!</strong><p/> A (soon-to-expire) $25 coupon</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I love traveling. Please send me a coupon for a free or discounted rental car. Thank you in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, travel enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl">Alamo<p/>(#95)</td> <td class="cm">Rental cars</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#cc0000"><strong>OOPS!</strong><p/> Returned to sender</em></td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I love traveling. Please send me a coupon for a free or discounted rental car. You won't regret it. Thank you in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, travel enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl">Enterprise<p/>(#96)</td> <td class="cm">Rental cars</td> <td class="cm">No</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I love traveling. Please send me a coupon for a free or discounted rental car. Even if it's only valid during off-peak times, I don't care. I'm always traveling. Thank you in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, travel enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl">Pep Boys<p/>(#97)</td> <td class="cm">Auto parts & service</td> <td class="cm">No</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> My car is a piece of junk. Do you think you could send me a coupon for like, a free oil change, or something? Thank you in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, auto enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="april11.htm">BMW<p/>(#98)</a></td> <td class="cm">Auto manufacturer</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#00cc00"><strong>YES!</strong><p/> A BMW keychain</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I'm going to be honest with you. I am a poor slob who drives a bike. Not a motorcycle – a bicycle. Please send me a BMW keychain, so I can at least pretend to have some class when I'm around people. Thank you in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, self-esteem enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="cl"><a href="march8.htm">Mercedes Benz<p/>(#99)</a></td> <td class="cm">Auto manufacturer</td> <td class="cm" style="color:#ffffff; background-color:#00cc00"><strong>YES!</strong><p/> A Mercedes Benz keychain</td> <td class="cr">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I'm going to be honest with you. I am a poor slob who drives a bike. Not a motorcycle – a bicycle. Please send me a Mercedes Benz keychain, so I can at least pretend to have some class when I'm around people. Thank you in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, self-esteem enthusiast</td> </tr> <tr onmouseover="sc(this,'hi');" onmouseout="sc(this,'lo');"> <td class="clb">Radio Shack<p/>(#100)</td> <td class="cmb">Electronics</td> <td class="cmb">No</td> <td class="crb">Dear Sir or Madam:<br/> I love gadgets. Gizmos. Doo-hickeys. Please send me something that you think I would enjoy. I'm a gadget guru, and I just want to get my hands on some gadgets. Thank you in advance, <br/>Tom Locke, gadget enthusiast</td> </tr> </table> <h1>Responses & Free Stuff</h1> All 100 letters were put in the mail on Friday, February 24, 2006 at 9 AM. On Thursday, March 2, 2006, the free stuff started rolling in. Check the <a href="#updates">updates section</a> to see what's come in thus far. <h1>My Personal Favorites</h1> Of the 100 letters, it's hard to pick a single favorite, but I'd say my top five (or six) would be #13 (Carmex), #25 (Nylabone), #32 (PowerBar), #35 (Energizer), #71 (Long John Silver's), and #74 (Kentucky Fried Chicken). Maybe the weirdness alone of those letters will "win" me some freebies... <h1>Getting Technical</h1> If you want to get technical, this experiment actually cost more than $39. The roll of stamps alone was $39. The envelopes cost $6 or $7, because I splurged and used the fancy, self-adhesive kind, to avoid gluing my tongue to the inside of my mouth (as would have happened if I had licked 100 of the cheap kind of envelopes). Throw in 100 sheets of cheap, white paper and the cost of the domain name, and you're looking at the $52 experiment. Since the stamps were still the most expensive part of the equation, however, I opted to call this the <strong>$39 Experiment</strong>. <h1>Contacting Me</h1> If you've done something similar and want to tell me about it, or if you just want to tell me what a fat, lazy slob/bum/mooch I am, feel free to e-mail me at <span style="text-decoration: line-through;">tom@the39dollarexperiment.com</span>. <span style="color:red;"><i>(Ed: Tom is getting older, fatter, and lazier and as such is no longer accepting email).</i></span> If you have anything interesting to say, I'll add it to a "comments" section of the site — once I add one, of course. </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="bbsub"> <a name="updates"></a> <center><strong>Most Recent Updates</strong></center> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="bb"> <p/> <script type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> <h1>November 25, 2006 - Earth to Tom... Come in, Tom</h1> <p/>Countless people have e-mailed me asking me if I'm dead. I'm not dead. If I were, I would have told you sooner. <p/>It's been nearly six months since the wrap-up of The $39 Experiment Charity Auction. The $81 winning bid from <a href="http://www.hostsite.com">HostSite</a>, combined with my $81 bid match, means that we raised a whopping <b>$162</b> for the <b>American Heart Association</b>. Had eBay not cancelled the auction the first time it was listed, we would have raised quite a bit more, but that's how things go. <p/>I still get requests for radio and TV interviews, all of which I decline... A six-month-old story isn't exactly "breaking news". <p/>I also still have people asking if/when/what the "next" $39 Experiment is going to be. I can't give you any specifics at this point, because I don't have any. All I can say is that it'll probably be called something <em>really</em> original, like <b>"Another $39 Experiment"</b>. <span style="color:red;"><i>(Ed: Tom has indicated that he has no plans to do another experiment. Please be aware that when Tom let his "another39dollarexperiment.com domain expire, it was picked up by a Chinese domain sqautter/spammer/scammer trying to peddle his own merchandise. Tom is not associated with this "another..." domain or its content, so avoid it!)</i></span> <h1>May 28, 2006 - "Free Stuff" Charity Auction RELISTED</h1> <p/>The original $39 Experiment "Free Stuff" Charity Auction was <strong>cancelled prematurely <u>by eBay</u></strong> because the listing wasn't in compliance with their "charity policy". Note that this is the same auction for the same bunch of free stuff, except that I am now using eBay's "MissionFish" charity service (as required by eBay), and I have been required to select from one of the available charities. The buyer will not have his choice of charity. That's eBay's policy, not mine. <p/>I have selected the <strong>American Heart Association</strong> as the beneficiary for this auction. <h1>May 18, 2006 - The End</h1> <p/>Well, it's been almost a month since our last freebie update, and I've decided to officially call this "the end". With nothing new having arrived since late April, I think this makes for a pretty good stopping point. I think the experiment went pretty well, all things considered. <p/>We ended up receiving more than 60 responses and ended up receiving free stuff from 35 companies totalling roughly $275 — not a bad return on our $39 investment (unless you factor in my time — then I'm still deep in the hole!) <p/>Countless people have asked, "What's next?"... Will I do another experiment? Write to the same companies and complain? Write to new companies? Try e-mail instead? <p/>I've thought long and hard about this, and I decided that (first of all), I don't want to write another 100 letters. Not to the same companies, not to new companies. I'll leave that to someone else... <p/>I also thought back to the experiment's "roots"... I started this experiment back in February as just that — an experiment, nothing more. The site exploded in popularity, however, and the more people that came by for a visit, the more that those little "Ads by Goooooogle" got clicked. <p/>I put all of this into perspective, and I came to a decision... <h1>The $39 Experiment "Free Stuff" Charity Auction</h1> <p/>I've listed a 10-day eBay auction which includes all of the free stuff I've received <em>plus</em> a <strong><u>lifetime, above-the-fold banner link</u></strong> on the front page of this site. <u>Lifetime</u>. <p/>Moreover, <strong>I will match the winning bid dollar-for-dollar, up to $1,000</strong>, with all proceeds (plus my bid match) going to a charity of <strong>your</strong> choice. <p/><em>To any of the 100 companies on my list who didn't respond — or who did respond but said "no" — I know you're reading! This would be the perfect opportunity to redeem yourself for a good cause (hint, hint).</em> <p/><img class="isb" src="39d-goods.jpg" width="600"> <p/> <table width="400" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size:8pt"> <tr> <td class="cfull" colspan="3" bgcolor="#336699"> <span style="color:#ffffff"><strong>Freebies Summary</strong></span></td> </tr> <tr style="background-color:#dddddd"> <td width="100" class="cl"><strong>Who?</strong></td> <td width="225" class="cm"><strong>What?</strong></td> <td width="75" class="cr"><center><strong>approx. $</strong></center></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="cl">Fellowes</td> <td class="cm">Four cans of compressed air</td> <td class="rcr">$32.00</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="cl">Carma Labs</td> <td class="cm">One jar of Carmex</td> <td class="rcr">$1.29</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="cl">Stash Tea</td> <td class="cm">Nine teabags</td> <td class="rcr">$1.80</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="cl">White Castle</td> <td class="cm">19 burgers, 2 breakfast sandwiches, 2 orders of Chicken Rings</td> <td class="rcr">$12.37</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="cl">Airborne</td> <td class="cm">One free tube of Airborne</td> <td class="rcr">$5.99</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="cl">Reynolds</td> <td class="cm">Two 50-cent coupons</td> <td class="rcr">$1.00</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="cl">S.C. Johnson</td> <td class="cm">One free ($3 max.) Skintimate coupon</td> <td class="rcr">$3.00</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="cl">Church & Dwight</td> <td class="cm">Two $1 Arm & Hammer coupons</td> <td class="rcr">$2.00</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="cl">Pfizer</td> <td class="cm">Three 50-cent Purell coupons</td> <td class="rcr">$1.50</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="cl">Pepsi</td> <td class="cm">Pepsi pen, pencil, stickers, and gift catalog</td> <td class="rcr">N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="cl">Biotene</td> <td class="cm">Free samples of gum, toothpaste, and mouthwash</td> <td class="rcr">N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="cl">Burt's Bees</td> <td class="cm">Free stick of Burt's Bees</td> <td class="rcr">$1.87</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="cl">Dunkin Donuts</td> <td class="cm">Book of five $1 gift checks</td> <td class="rcr">$5.00</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="cl">Mercedes Benz</td> <td class="cm">Mercedes keychain</td> <td class="rcr">$30.00</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="cl">Eden Foods</td> <td class="cm">Pasta, tea, soymilk</td> <td class="rcr">$9.54</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="cl">Chicken of the Sea</td> <td class="cm">Two $2 coupons, one 25-cent coupon</td> <td class="rcr">$4.25</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="cl">Sanford</td> <td class="cm">Four pens</td> <td class="rcr">$5.00</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="cl">Gatorade (aka Pepsi)</td> <td class="cm">Three 60-cent coupons for Propel</td> <td class="rcr">$1.80</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="cl">Nestle</td> <td class="cm">Two coupons for Nestle candy</td> <td class="rcr">$1.00</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="cl">Max and Erma's</td> <td class="cm">A hat and travel cup</td> <td class="rcr">$15.00</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="cl">Dairy Queen</td> <td class="cm">Three $1 gift certificates</td> <td class="rcr">$3.00</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="cl">Del Monte</td> <td class="cm">Five coupons for dog snacks</td> <td class="rcr">$5.25</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="cl">Celestial Seasonings</td> <td class="cm">Three sample teabags, three coupons</td> <td class="rcr">$5.60</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="cl">Boston Market</td> <td class="cm">33% of $50 coupon book</td> <td class="rcr">$16.67</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="cl">Campbell's</td> <td class="cm">Four 50-cent coupons</td> <td class="rcr">$2.00</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="cl">Energizer</td> <td class="cm">Three $1 coupons</td> <td class="rcr">$3.00</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="cl">Frito Lay</td> <td class="cm">Two 55-cent coupons</td> <td class="rcr">$1.10</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="cl">Nylabone</td> <td class="cm">A "Double Action Chew" with "Minty Fresh Center" (wolf size)</td> <td class="rcr">$9.33</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="cl">Brownberry</td> <td class="cm">Three $1 coupons</td> <td class="rcr">$3.00</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="cl">Riceland</td> <td class="cm">Three coupons</td> <td class="rcr">$2.70</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="cl">Eight in One Pet Products</td> <td class="cm">A bunch of free dog snacks</td> <td class="rcr">$25.00</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="cl">BMW</td> <td class="cm">BMW keychain</td> <td class="rcr">$18.00</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="cl">Wyeth</td> <td class="cm">Three ChapSticks and three $3 coupons</td> <td class="rcr">$12.87</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="cl">Avis</td> <td class="cm">A $25 car rental coupon</td> <td class="rcr">$25.00</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="cl">Colgate-Palmolive</td> <td class="cm">10 coupons worth $6 total</td> <td class="rcr">$6.00</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="clb" colspan="2" bgcolor="#dddddd"><strong>35 companies</strong></td> <td class="rcrb" bgcolor="#339900"><span style="color:#ffffff"><strong>$272.93</strong></span></td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="bbsub"> <center><strong>Previous Updates</strong></center> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="bb"> I split the past updates into their own pages, to keep this main page loading quickly. You can find all of the past updates here. <div style="float:right"> <script type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> <p/> <script type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> </div> <ul style="list-style-type:square; margin-top:0.5em"> <li><a href="april27.htm">April 27, 2006</a></li> <li><a href="april17.htm">April 17, 2006</a></li> <li><a href="april11.htm">April 11, 2006</a></li> <li><a href="april5.htm">April 5, 2006</a></li> <li><a href="april3.htm">April 3, 2006</a></li> <li><a href="april1.htm">April 1, 2006</a></li> <li><a href="march30.htm">March 30, 2006</a></li> <li><a href="march27.htm">March 27, 2006</a></li> <li><a href="march24.htm">March 24, 2006</a></li> <li><a href="march22.htm">March 22, 2006</a></li> <li><a href="march21.htm">March 21, 2006</a></li> <li><a href="march20.htm">March 20, 2006</a></li> <li><a href="march18.htm">March 18, 2006</a></li> <li><a href="march17.htm">March 17, 2006</a></li> <li><a href="march15.htm">March 15, 2006</a></li> <li><a href="march13.htm">March 13, 2006</a></li> <li><a href="march11.htm">March 11, 2006</a></li> <li><a href="march10.htm">March 10, 2006</a></li> <li><a href="march9.htm">March 9, 2006</a></li> <li><a href="march8.htm">March 8, 2006</a></li> <li><a href="march7.htm">March 7, 2006</a></li> <li><a href="march6.htm">March 6, 2006</a></li> <li><a href="march5.htm">March 5, 2006</a></li> <li><a href="march4.htm">March 4, 2006</a></li> <li><a href="march3.htm">March 3, 2006</a></li> <li><a href="march2.htm">March 2, 2006</a></li> <li><a href="march1.htm">March 1, 2006</a></li> </td> </tr> </table> </center> </body> </html>

The $39 Experiment: Asking Random Companies for Free Stuff  function sc(obj,cn) { obj.className=cn; } | | | --- | | | | [The $39 Experiment RSS Feed](http://www.the39dollarexperiment.com/39dollar.xml) The most recent updates can be found at [the bottom of this page](#updates). If you've never been here before, read on... --- Who I Am My name is Tom Locke. I'm not poor; I'm not rich. I'm just an average guy. In fact, who I am is actually irrelevant to this experiment. I just figured I'd introduce myself for the sake of formality. How This Started I was sitting around one day, skimming through a pile of bills that I needed to pay. I looked over at a new, unopened roll of stamps that I had sitting in front of me, and I thought to myself, "$39... for a roll of stamps? Geez... You can't get much for $39 nowadays. Or can you...?" The Idea The way I looked at it, if I took $39 and went to buy groceries, I wouldn't be able to get all that much. On the flipside, if I took $39 to a casino and lost it all, I wouldn't be all that upset. With that said, I decided I was going to try something — I was going to take my roll of stamps and send 100 letters to 100 different companies, asking for free stuff. I figured that I couldn't do any worse than blowing the $39 at a casino, and who knows... maybe a few of these places would actually send me something good. My Initial Goal My initial goal was a little different than what I actually ended up doing. When I started this experiment, I'd planned on walking around my house, grabbing various products (100 total), and pulling the mailing address off of each one. Easy, no? No. This proved to be way more difficult than I'd anticipated. First off, most of the products I picked up had the company's city, state, and zip code on them, but no actual address. When I *was* lucky enough to find a product with an address on it, it ended up being an address I already had — 90% of the products in my bathroom were made by either Colgate-Palmolive or Procter & Gamble, and most of the stuff in my kitchen was made by Kraft, Nestle, or Hershey. It became obvious pretty early that finding 100 products around my house with 100 different addresses wasn't going to be as easy as I thought it was going to be. I needed to change my plan a bit... My Modified Goal By about the "60 address" mark, I fell into a slump. I had exhausted every product in my house. I was amazed at how many different products were made by only a small handful of companies. I realized that if I wanted to get 100 company addresses, I was going to have to think outside of my house. So, I broadened my scope and starting pulling addresses of other companies — fast food joints, hotels, car rental companies, auto manufacturers... that sort of stuff. I figured, "Hey, a freebie's a freebie." I'm not a fast food lover, but this experiment was less about getting free stuff and more about seeing which companies *would actually send me free stuff*. The Finished Product About ten hours (over the course of two days) and exactly two bloodshot eyes later, it was complete. I had 100 letters to 100 different companies — stuffed, sealed, stamped, and ready to go. I put all 100 letters into the mail on Friday, February 24, 2006 at 9 AM. Now all that was left to do was sit back and wait for a response (or two?) | | **Most Recent Updates** | |  November 25, 2006 - Earth to Tom... Come in, Tom Countless people have e-mailed me asking me if I'm dead. I'm not dead. If I were, I would have told you sooner. It's been nearly six months since the wrap-up of The $39 Experiment Charity Auction. The $81 winning bid from [HostSite](http://www.hostsite.com), combined with my $81 bid match, means that we raised a whopping **$162** for the **American Heart Association**. Had eBay not cancelled the auction the first time it was listed, we would have raised quite a bit more, but that's how things go. I still get requests for radio and TV interviews, all of which I decline... A six-month-old story isn't exactly "breaking news". I also still have people asking if/when/what the "next" $39 Experiment is going to be. I can't give you any specifics at this point, because I don't have any. All I can say is that it'll probably be called something *really* original, like **"Another $39 Experiment"**. *(Ed: Tom has indicated that he has no plans to do another experiment. Please be aware that when Tom let his "another39dollarexperiment.com domain expire, it was picked up by a Chinese domain sqautter/spammer/scammer trying to peddle his own merchandise. Tom is not associated with this "another..." domain or its content, so avoid it!)* May 28, 2006 - "Free Stuff" Charity Auction RELISTED The original $39 Experiment "Free Stuff" Charity Auction was **cancelled prematurely by eBay** because the listing wasn't in compliance with their "charity policy". Note that this is the same auction for the same bunch of free stuff, except that I am now using eBay's "MissionFish" charity service (as required by eBay), and I have been required to select from one of the available charities. The buyer will not have his choice of charity. That's eBay's policy, not mine. I have selected the **American Heart Association** as the beneficiary for this auction. May 18, 2006 - The End Well, it's been almost a month since our last freebie update, and I've decided to officially call this "the end". With nothing new having arrived since late April, I think this makes for a pretty good stopping point. I think the experiment went pretty well, all things considered. We ended up receiving more than 60 responses and ended up receiving free stuff from 35 companies totalling roughly $275 — not a bad return on our $39 investment (unless you factor in my time — then I'm still deep in the hole!) Countless people have asked, "What's next?"... Will I do another experiment? Write to the same companies and complain? Write to new companies? Try e-mail instead? I've thought long and hard about this, and I decided that (first of all), I don't want to write another 100 letters. Not to the same companies, not to new companies. I'll leave that to someone else... I also thought back to the experiment's "roots"... I started this experiment back in February as just that — an experiment, nothing more. The site exploded in popularity, however, and the more people that came by for a visit, the more that those little "Ads by Goooooogle" got clicked. I put all of this into perspective, and I came to a decision... The $39 Experiment "Free Stuff" Charity Auction I've listed a 10-day eBay auction which includes all of the free stuff I've received *plus* a **lifetime, above-the-fold banner link** on the front page of this site. Lifetime. Moreover, **I will match the winning bid dollar-for-dollar, up to $1,000**, with all proceeds (plus my bid match) going to a charity of **your** choice. *To any of the 100 companies on my list who didn't respond — or who did respond but said "no" — I know you're reading! This would be the perfect opportunity to redeem yourself for a good cause (hint, hint).* | | | --- | | **Freebies Summary** | | **Who?** | **What?** | **approx. $** | | Fellowes | Four cans of compressed air | $32.00 | | Carma Labs | One jar of Carmex | $1.29 | | Stash Tea | Nine teabags | $1.80 | | White Castle | 19 burgers, 2 breakfast sandwiches, 2 orders of Chicken Rings | $12.37 | | Airborne | One free tube of Airborne | $5.99 | | Reynolds | Two 50-cent coupons | $1.00 | | S.C. Johnson | One free ($3 max.) Skintimate coupon | $3.00 | | Church & Dwight | Two $1 Arm & Hammer coupons | $2.00 | | Pfizer | Three 50-cent Purell coupons | $1.50 | | Pepsi | Pepsi pen, pencil, stickers, and gift catalog | N/A | | Biotene | Free samples of gum, toothpaste, and mouthwash | N/A | | Burt's Bees | Free stick of Burt's Bees | $1.87 | | Dunkin Donuts | Book of five $1 gift checks | $5.00 | | Mercedes Benz | Mercedes keychain | $30.00 | | Eden Foods | Pasta, tea, soymilk | $9.54 | | Chicken of the Sea | Two $2 coupons, one 25-cent coupon | $4.25 | | Sanford | Four pens | $5.00 | | Gatorade (aka Pepsi) | Three 60-cent coupons for Propel | $1.80 | | Nestle | Two coupons for Nestle candy | $1.00 | | Max and Erma's | A hat and travel cup | $15.00 | | Dairy Queen | Three $1 gift certificates | $3.00 | | Del Monte | Five coupons for dog snacks | $5.25 | | Celestial Seasonings | Three sample teabags, three coupons | $5.60 | | Boston Market | 33% of $50 coupon book | $16.67 | | Campbell's | Four 50-cent coupons | $2.00 | | Energizer | Three $1 coupons | $3.00 | | Frito Lay | Two 55-cent coupons | $1.10 | | Nylabone | A "Double Action Chew" with "Minty Fresh Center" (wolf size) | $9.33 | | Brownberry | Three $1 coupons | $3.00 | | Riceland | Three coupons | $2.70 | | Eight in One Pet Products | A bunch of free dog snacks | $25.00 | | BMW | BMW keychain | $18.00 | | Wyeth | Three ChapSticks and three $3 coupons | $12.87 | | Avis | A $25 car rental coupon | $25.00 | | Colgate-Palmolive | 10 coupons worth $6 total | $6.00 | | **35 companies** | **$272.93** | | | **Previous Updates** | | I split the past updates into their own pages, to keep this main page loading quickly. You can find all of the past updates here.   * [April 27, 2006](april27.htm) * [April 17, 2006](april17.htm) * [April 11, 2006](april11.htm) * [April 5, 2006](april5.htm) * [April 3, 2006](april3.htm) * [April 1, 2006](april1.htm) * [March 30, 2006](march30.htm) * [March 27, 2006](march27.htm) * [March 24, 2006](march24.htm) * [March 22, 2006](march22.htm) * [March 21, 2006](march21.htm) * [March 20, 2006](march20.htm) * [March 18, 2006](march18.htm) * [March 17, 2006](march17.htm) * [March 15, 2006](march15.htm) * [March 13, 2006](march13.htm) * [March 11, 2006](march11.htm) * [March 10, 2006](march10.htm) * [March 9, 2006](march9.htm) * [March 8, 2006](march8.htm) * [March 7, 2006](march7.htm) * [March 6, 2006](march6.htm) * [March 5, 2006](march5.htm) * [March 4, 2006](march4.htm) * [March 3, 2006](march3.htm) * [March 2, 2006](march2.htm) * [March 1, 2006](march1.htm) |

http://www.the39dollarexperiment.com/

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Welcome to Principia Cybernetica Web | | | --- | | Principia Cybernetica Web | | | | | | --- | --- | | Welcome to Principia Cybernetica Web | | | --- | | Principia Cybernetica tries to tackle [age-old philosophical questions](ETERQUES.html) with the help of the most recent cybernetic theories and technologies. --- | This is the [website](SERVER.html) of the **Principia Cybernetica Project** (PCP), an [international organization](MASTHEAD.html). The Project aims to develop a complete philosophy or "[world-view](WORLVIEW.html)", based on the principles of [evolutionary cybernetics](EVOLCYB.html), and supported by collaborative computer technologies. To get started, there is an [introduction](INTRO.html) with background and motivation, and an [overview](NUTSHELL.html), summarizing the project as a whole. --- Main subjects **[Theory](MSTT.html)**our theoretical results, including [epistemology](EPISTEM.html), [metaphysics](METAPHYS.html), [ethics](ETHICS.html), [concepts](SYSCONC.html), [principles](CYBSPRIN.html), [memetics](MEMES.html), and the [history](HISTEVOL.html) and [future](FUTEVOL.html) of [evolution](EVOLUT.html). **[Organization](ORG.html)** details the [people](CONTR.html), [conferences](ACT.html), [publications](^PCPBIBLIO.html), [ways of participating](CONTR.html), [newsletter](PCPNEWS.html) and the [mailing lists](MAIL.html) part of PCP. **[R&D](WEBRESEA.html)** our algorithms, experiments and applications to develop distributed, self-organizing, knowledge networks, inspired by the "[Global Brain](SUPORGLI.html)" metaphor **[Reference](REFERMAT.html)**background material collected by us, including an [electronic library](LIBRARY.html) with free books, a [web dictionary](ASC/INDEXASC.html), [related websites](RELATED.html), and info about [cybernetics and systems theory](CYBSYSTH.html), such as bibliographies, [associations](SOCIETIES.html), and [journals](JOURNALS.html). **[Navigation](NAVIG.html)** tools to help you to quickly find your way around our over two thousand pages, such as the [Recent Changes](RECENT.html), [Search](SEARCH.html), [Table of Contents](TOC.html), and [Index](ALPINDEX.html), plus general information [about this website](SERVER.html) and how to use it. **Other Info** this server also hosts some pages that are not part of PCP: the [Association for the Foundations of Science, Language and Cognition (AFOS)](AFOS/), and [Belgium: Overview](BELGCUL.html) --- [Copyright© 2002 Principia Cybernetica](/COPYR.html) - [Referencing this page](REFERPCP.html) | | | | | --- | | **Author** [Editors](BOARD.html) ,, **Date** 31 okt 2002 (modified)Jul 8, 1993 (created) | | | | --- | | **Up Prev. [Next](/DEFAULT.html) Down** --- [Introduction to Principia Cybernetica](INTRO.html) [Metasystem Transition Theory](MSTT.html) [Project Organization](ORG.html) [PCP Research on Intelligent Webs](WEBRESEA.html) [Navigation in PCP Web](NAVIG.html) [Reference material](REFERMAT.html) | | | --- [Discussion](/MAKANNOT.html) --- * [Abstract Urbanism(tm)](/Annotations/DEFAULT.0.html), Comment by Tore Wallin* [Comment about the project](/Annotations/DEFAULT.3.html), Comment by Gustavo Seijo* [Where are we ?](/Annotations/DEFAULT.4.html), Correction by Michael Grudzinski* [My book about law](/Annotations/DEFAULT.5.html), systems and cibernetics, Comment by ernesto grun* [The First Book of System Design](/Annotations/DEFAULT.6.html), Illustration by Barry Kort* [Challenge the Philosophy](/Annotations/DEFAULT.7.html), Comment by Anne Johnson* [Congratulations](/Annotations/DEFAULT.8.html), Comment by Irene Paritsis* [Is the project still alive?](/Annotations/DEFAULT.9.html), Comment by Alex Kouznetsov* [great site](/Annotations/DEFAULT.10.html), but, Comment by eric hinton* [Evolution still speed-up](/Annotations/DEFAULT.11.html), Comment by Mike Soukharev* [A few questions...](/Annotations/DEFAULT.12.html), Comment by Le Roux Ronan* [The Random Feature](/Annotations/DEFAULT.13.html), Comment by Ben Swihart* [Jaron Lanier: The ideology of cybernetic totalist intellectuals](/Annotations/DEFAULT.14.html), Comment by Miguel Marcos* [GB Neuron Degradation](/Annotations/DEFAULT.15.html), Comment by WILLIAM MEYER* [Discovery of the Universal Law](/Annotations/DEFAULT.16.html), Comment by valko yotov* [Notes on Infinity](/Annotations/DEFAULT.17.html), Comment by Erdman West* [De evolutie van de democratie](/Annotations/DEFAULT.18.html), Illustration by Wiebe de Jager* [There is no meaning...](/Annotations/DEFAULT.19.html), Comment by No such thing [Add comment...](http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/hypercard.acgi$annotform?) |

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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">  <HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Vampire: the Masquerade Rules</TITLE> <META http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=windows-1252"> <META http-equiv=Content-Language content=en-us> <META content="Microsoft FrontPage 6.0" name=GENERATOR> <META content=FrontPage.Editor.Document name=ProgId></HEAD> <BODY text=#FF4848 vLink=#c0c0c0 aLink=#ffff00 link=#00ff00 bgColor=#000000> <TABLE cellSpacing=8 cellPadding=0 width=740 background=http://digitalgothic.net/Rules/Tinosl.jpg border=1 bordercolorlight="#FF0000" bordercolordark="#2B8200"> <TBODY> <TR> <TD vAlign=center align=right width=119> <P align=center><a href="http://digitalgothic.net/Rules/rulesgenres.htm"><IMG height=50 src="http://digitalgothic.net/Rules/ankh.gif" width=26 border=0></a></P></TD> <CENTER> <TD width=14> </TD></CENTER> <TD vAlign=bottom width=570> <P align=left><FONT size=6> </FONT><font size="7" color="#FF2828"><b><span style="background-color: #000000">Vampire: the Masquerade Rules</span></b></font></P></TD></TR> <CENTER> <TR> <TD vAlign=top width=113 style="padding: 3"> <P align=center>  <P align=center><span style="background-color: #000000"><FONT size=2><STRONG>LAST UPDATED</STRONG></FONT><FONT size=3><BR></FONT><b>4/23/05</b> </span> <P align=center>  <hr> <P><span style="background-color: #000000"><FONT size=2><STRONG>OVERVIEW</STRONG></FONT><FONT size=3><BR></FONT><FONT size=2><b>The Camarilla<BR>-- 4 Additional Laws<BR>-- Prince & Council<BR>-- Justicars, Archons & Alastors<BR>The Sabbat<BR>The Anarchs<BR>The Independents</b></FONT></span></P> <P><font size="2"><b><span style="background-color: #000000">-- Territory Lines</span></b></font></P> <hr> <P><span style="background-color: #000000"><FONT size=2><STRONG>RESTRICTIONS</STRONG></FONT><FONT size=4><BR>- </FONT><b><FONT size=2>Restricted Backgrounds<BR>- Restricted Clans<BR>- Restricted Disciplines<BR>- Restricted Merits & Flaws<BR>- Restricted Misc.</FONT></b></span></P> <hr> <P><FONT size=2><STRONG><span style="background-color: #000000">CREATING A V:tM CHARACTER</span></STRONG></FONT><FONT size=3><BR></FONT><FONT size=2>.</FONT></P> <hr> <P><FONT size=2><STRONG><span style="background-color: #000000">BOOKS USED</span><BR></STRONG></FONT>.</P> <hr> <P><FONT size=2><B><span style="background-color: #000000">VAMPIRE THEMED MEDIA</span></B><STRONG><BR></STRONG></FONT>.</P> <hr> <P><FONT size=2><B><span style="background-color: #000000">LINKS TO VAMPIRE RELATED WEB SITES</span></B><STRONG><BR></STRONG></FONT>.<FONT size=3><BR><BR></FONT></P> <P> </P></TD> <TD width=14> </TD></CENTER> <TD style="padding: 3px" vAlign=top align=right width=564 bgColor=#000000> <P align=center><FONT size=3><IMG height=128 src="vampire3logo.jpg" width=350 align=middle></FONT> <P align=center><img border="0" src="vampir1.gif" width="252" height="68"></P> <P align=left><FONT size=5 color="#FF2828">-- <B>OVERVIEW:</B></FONT></P> <P align=left><B><font color="#FF2828">BASIC DESCRIPTION OF DC VAMPIRE POLITICS -- </font> </B></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FF2828"><b>The current overall Kindred climate in DC is volatile. It has been for years but things have gone up a notch, even for notorious DC. This is beyond typical vampire politics and manipulation into outright Cold War. The various supernatural factions in DC, and they are legion,  are constantly making moves to remove the Kindred from the City, both behind the scenes and blatantly, with no regard for any equivalent of the Masquerade even as merely a principle of common sense and survival. </b></font></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FF2828"><b> While the Camarilla have the reigns of that which is Kindred business here, those reigns are thrashing about in a power struggle for our very lives, not with the Sabbat, but with the entire World of Darkness. Where's Elysium, you ask? Hell, little one, you're lucky to be able to sleep the day in peace long enough to see the next night, never mind debate art, politics and social hour with your compatriots...</b></font></P> <hr> <P align=center><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FF2828"><b>Things to bear in mind about the current state of various factions, when creating a Kindred character for this Chronicle:</b></font></P> <P align=center><IMG src="CamLogoSm.jpg" border=0></P> <P align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2 color="#FF2828"><b>Washington DC is a Camarilla City, with a Prince & Council as the ruling body of the Kindred. There is next to no presence of any other sects, and those disloyal or even just complacent about Camarilla law at least keep their mouths shut about it if they wish to live long. Those of non-Camarilla Clans who wish to swear loyalty to the Prince may be tolerated on an individual basis. It is said that Lasombra and Tzimisce Antitribu needn't bother trying, nor the Giovanni and Setites. Camarilla who come to a new City are assumed to be released and coming with character references from their prior Prince.</b></FONT></P> <blockquote> <P align=left><font color="#FFFF00"><b><font face="Arial" size="2">NB on the Use of the word "KINDRED": </font></b></font><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">O</font><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFD9">ut of habit, players freely use "Kindred" and "Vampire" interchangeably in this game, but that is incorrect (if you spot us having done this on the web site, please notify the Ops). Kindred correctly should only refer to Camarilla-inclined Vampires.</font></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFD9">Kindred: The entire race of vampires as a whole, or a single vampire. According to vampire lore, the term came about in the 15th or 16th century after the Anarch Revolt. Sabbat hate this term and refuse to consider themselves as Kindred. </font></P> <hr> </blockquote> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2 color="#FF2828"><B>NB:</B> Aside from the Six Traditions, there are <B>four additional Laws</B> decreed in Washington under the current Prince: </FONT></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left> </P> <blockquote> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2 color="#FF2828"><b>[1] Do not Sire for love (as per Caine's Law), for you do not want the additional burden, should the childe need putting down, of having to kill a lover;</b></FONT></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2 color="#FF2828"><b>[2] Do not Sire or Ghoul children, for their innocence is sacred;</b></FONT></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2 color="#FF2828"><b>[3] Do not kill to feed, for it is not necessary to our survival and attracts attention of the wrong sorts, and --</b></FONT></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2 color="#FF2828"><b>[4] Do not take ghouls without the Prince's permission, for many beings that seem mortal and therefore servants or herd, may in fact be supernaturals or belong to someone else already.</b></FONT></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left> </P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FF2828">Additionally, you may never hunt in Georgetown, and you may never be present in Chinatown for any reason whatsoever.</font></b></P> </blockquote> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left> </P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><IMG height=9 src="http://digitalgothic.net/Rules/bar.jpg" width=504 border=0></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left> </P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2 color="#FF2828"><B>Prince:</B> ^IceFalcon^ <BR><B>Seneschal:</B> Juan_Salazar <BR><BR><B>PRIMOGEN & COUNCIL</B> (as of 9/7/04) </FONT></P> <blockquote> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2><BR><b>Assamites:</b> <font color="#FF2828"> Edward Gibson ("Whip": Ali Bin Oni )</font><BR><b>Brujah:</b> Mildred Sasso<font color="#FFFF00"> </font>(Whip: </FONT><font size="2" face="Arial" color="#FF2828">Ruzty Temple</font><FONT face=Arial size=2>)<BR><b>Gangrel Rep*</b>: Bajang ("Whip": Duncan_Kinross)<BR><b>Harpy:</b> <FONT color=#ffff00><b>Open</b></FONT><BR><b>Keeper of Elysium:</b> <FONT color=#ffff00><b>Open</b></FONT><BR><b>Malkavian:</b> {Amy} (Whip: <font color="#FF2828">Osrel)</font><BR><b>Nosferatu:</b> Seraph Debleiuse (Whip: <font color="#FF2828">Ruben Thorne</font>)<BR><b>Scourge:</b> Marcus Knight<BR><b>Sheriff:</b> Macab al-Qabar<BR><b>Toreador</b>: Louis Delacourt (Whip: <FONT color=#ffff00><b>Open</b></FONT>)<BR><b>Tremere</b>: <font color="#FF2828">Sebastian de la Corte</font> (Whip: <FONT color=#ffff00><b>Open</b></FONT>)<BR><b>Ventrue:</b> Giorgio Clericuzio (Whip: Pia Lucchese)</FONT></P><B><FONT size=3> </FONT></B><B> </blockquote> </B> <hr> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2 color="#FF2828"><B>NOTES:</B></FONT></P> <blockquote> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2 color="#FF2828"><BR>- <b> Your char may not automatically assume to know the above roster</b>, unless you have made arrangements to have that knowledge IC, either through RP, or in your background (as a Cammie in good standing coming to Washington armed with contacts from your previous Prince).<BR>- <b> Gangrel are no longer officially Cammie</b>. Pg. 47, Player's Guide to the Camarilla 3rd Ed. (WW2302) This Rep position is Advisory with Prince's permission IC.<BR>- Only <b> one specific Assamite faction has joined the Camarilla</b>. 'Mite players must choose a faction.</FONT></P> </blockquote> <hr> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2 color="#FF2828"><B>JUSTICARS, ARCHONS & ALASTORS:</B></FONT></P> <blockquote> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2 color="#FF2828"><BR>- If your character needs to deal with the Justicarate in any manner, speak to Jon or Ice.<BR>- We acknowledge and use the NPC Justicars from the WW books, rather than IRC NPC's: <b> Brujah: Jaroslav Pascek, Malkavian: Maris Streck, Nosferatu: Cock Robin, Toreador: Madame Guil, Tremere: Anastasz di Zagreb, Ventrue: Lucinde.</b><BR>- The former PC's Inner Council on Dalnet is Disbanded and no longer recognized here.<BR>- NPC Archons & Alastors exist in the game, but their identities are not common knowledge. Do not ask to bring one in as a PC.</FONT></P> </blockquote> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left> </P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left> </P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><B><FONT color=#ffff00>[BACK TO TOP]</FONT></B></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left> </P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><IMG height=9 src="http://digitalgothic.net/Rules/bar.jpg" width=504 border=0></P> <P align=center><IMG height=108 src="SabbatLogoSm.jpg" width=106 border=0></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FF2828"><b>The Sabbat are primarily based in Baltimore, Maryland, about an hour's drive north of Washington. During 2002-2003 their leadership has been in shambles, losing an ArchBishop with no strong candidates coming to claim her place as of yet. If you wish to play a Sabbat character, do not expect to spend a great deal of time in DC, nor to have a strong base of support even at home, unless you manage to create one through RP. By and large, the Sabbat have cut their own balls out from under themselves and barely keep their foothold anywhere near DC, deservedly so.</b></font></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FF2828"><b>You are welcome to play a Sabbat in this chronicle, but the Kindred focus is Cammie-centric, so be prepared to either be mostly RP'ing salvaging the leadership in Baltimore, being in DC under constant attack, or sitting on the sidelines a lot. This is a result of prior RP, not any indicator of our OOC ST willingness to support the genre.</b></font></P> <P align=left><B><FONT color=#ffff00>[BACK TO TOP]</FONT></B></P> <P align=left><IMG height=9 src="http://digitalgothic.net/Rules/bar.jpg" width=504 border=0></P> <p align="center"><img border="0" src="http://digitalgothic.net/Rules/anarchs.jpg" width="180" height="112"></p> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FF2828"><b>There are occasional rebels poking their heads up from time to time, but should they raise too much fuss they may find those heads chopped off. There is no significant Anarch presence in the City, and any who are blatantly defiant of the Law will be punished as the Prince sees fit. You are welcome to run an Anarch PC but understand that IC you are in hostile territory and likely alone or too few to make much of a stand.</b></font></P> <P align=left><B><FONT color=#ffff00>[BACK TO TOP]</FONT></B></P> <P align=left><IMG height=9 src="http://digitalgothic.net/Rules/bar.jpg" width=504 border=0></P> <P align=center><IMG height=108 src="IndieLogoSm.jpg" width=108 border=0></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FF2828"><b>There is a varying degree of acceptance amongst the Independent Clans. For example, the Gangrel and the Assamites enjoy the unusual discretionary privilege of a voice on the Prince's Council, but many other Clans are regarded with anything from indifference to animosity, such as the Giovanni. There is a decent presence of Independent Kindred in Washington, tolerated in direct proportion to their submission to the Law.</b></font></P> <blockquote> <P align=left><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFF00">NOTE August 2004:</font><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FF2828"> <u>The Giovanni have been outright banned from Washington DC</u>, IC, due to their flagrant violation of the Treaty forged in the Promise of 1528 (see below) by <a href="http://www.digitalgothic.net/Events/News/News7-17-04.htm">publicly outing the Ventrue</a> this year. </font></b></P> <P align=left><b><font face="Tahoma" size="1" color="#FFCCCC">The cornerstone of the Giovanni Clan's interactions with the rest of Kindred society is the Promise of 1528. After the Cappadocian purge, and subsequent discoveries of others regarding the Giovanni plans to rend the Shroud, the Giovanni found themselves at odds with the Camarilla. Augustus Giovanni decided to withdraw from the Jyhad, and take his Family with him. In the winter of 1528, a selection of Elders, headed by Camarilla founder Rafael de Corazon, met with Claudius Giovanni, Augustus' childe, so that the hostilities between the Camarilla and the Giovanni could be put to rest. The conference lasted 10 nights, at the end of which Claudius Giovanni signed a formal agreement that would keep the Giovanni out of all Kindred affairs. The Giovanni could go about their business unmolested, so long as they kept to themselves, and did not involve themselves in the concerns of other Kindred. Furthermore, every 13 years, a coalition of Elders from the Camarilla Clans would visit Venice, in order to ensure adherence to the Promise.</font></b></P> </blockquote> <P align=left> </P> <P align=left><B><FONT color=#ffff00>[BACK TO TOP]</FONT></B></P> <P align=left><IMG height=9 src="http://digitalgothic.net/Rules/bar.jpg" width=504 border=0></P> <P align=center><u><font size="6" color="#FF2828">Territorial Lines (WW 3rd Ed. Canon)</font></u></P> <P align=center><font size="4" color="#FF2828">(from pgs. 18-19 WW2303 3rd Ed. Sabbat Player's Guide). </font></P> <ul> <li> <p align="left"><b><font size="2" face="Arial" color="#FF2828">The following cities are specified in WW Canon as designated </font><font size="2" face="Arial" color="#FFFFD9">Camarilla</font><font size="2" face="Arial" color="#FF2828">:</font></b></li> <li> <p align="left"><b><font size="2" face="Arial" color="#FF2828">The following cities are specified in WW Canon as designated </font><font size="2" face="Arial" color="#FFFFD9">Sabbat</font><font size="2" face="Arial" color="#FF2828">: <i> Atlantic City, NJ; Baltimore, MD; Detroit, MI; Mexico City, Mexico; Miami,FL; Montreal, Canada; Philadelphia, PA; Tijuana, Mexico</i></font></b></li> <li> <p align="left"><b><font size="2" face="Arial" color="#FF2828">The following cities are specified in WW Canon as designated </font><font size="2" face="Arial" color="#FFFFD9"> Contested or Other</font><font size="2" face="Arial" color="#FF2828">: <i> Atlanta, GA; Boston, MA; Raleigh-Durham, NC; Richmond, VA </i></font></b></li> </ul> <blockquote> <blockquote> <p align="left"><font size="2" face="Arial" color="#FF2828"><b>NB: <i>Washington, DC is listed as Sabbat; however, since this is in direct conflict with pre-existing RP in this Chronicle, we do not follow that canon and it has been Cam held for some time in this world.</i></b></font> </blockquote> </blockquote> <P align=left><B><FONT color=#ffff00>[BACK TO TOP]</FONT></B></P> <P align=left><IMG height=9 src="http://digitalgothic.net/Rules/bar.jpg" width=504 border=0></P> <P align=left> </P> <P align=left><u><B><font size="6" color="#FF2828">-- RESTRICTIONS:</font></B></u></P><FONT face=Arial size=2> <P align=left><B><I><font color="#FF2828">Anything that is restricted is <u> legal</u>, but you may encounter an ST Moratorium on running it, for a variety of reasons (usually that players tend to abuse it, play it badly, or that it will almost guarantee the character's immediate death IC). </font></I></B></P> <P align=left><B><I><font color="#FF2828">NPC restrictions mean that you may not play one as anything other than an NPC (meaning a char that the ST's dictate their actions, regardless of who runs it).</font></I></B></P> <blockquote> <P align=left><i><font color="#FFFF00"><b>PERMANENT RESTRICTION: Aside from the restrictions named below, Kindred and Ghoul PC's must have a background/goals/agenda that will make them easily relevant to the current storyline. Characters that are not meaningful to the storyline or to other PC's will be refused. No lone wolfing it; we do not want you sitting in a bar for 8 weeks until someone thinks to scan your aura or something. Ask the ST's if you need help in this.</b></font></i></P> </blockquote> <P align=left><font color="#FF2828"><B>Restricted Backgrounds</B>: Age (1 dot only), Fame, City Status (Cam or Clan Status is fair game. City Status is conferred by the current Prince IC, not assumed coming in.)</font></P> <P align=left><font color="#FF2828"><B>Forbidden Backgrounds</B>: Kindred with Law Enforcement, Fed Agent or Military <U>employment</U> AFTER Embrace.</font></P> <P align=left><font color="#FF2828"><B>Restricted Character Classes</B>: Revenants (Ghoul Families), Non-Revenant Sabbat Ghouls (NPC only; in fact <U>technically</U> the Sabbat rarely ghoul, humans are cattle), Thin-Blooded, Dhampir</font></P> <blockquote> <P align=left><b><font color="#FFFF00"><i>NOTE 1-18-04: TEMPORARY RESTRICTION: ALL Ghouls will be a restricted character class until this notice is removed. This is due to extreme difficulty in integrating them into the current setting, so ghouls will be approved on a case by case basis only at the ST's pleasure when a place can be found for them in the Chronicle. Ghouls must have an IC PC Regnant, and we will not accept any more abandoned ghouls as we have found in our player base there are no takers to master them, If you become ghouled through RP however, those will be accepted.</i></font></b></P> </blockquote> <P align=left><B>Restricted Clans:</B></P> <blockquote> <P align=left><b><i><font color="#FFFF00">NOTE (11/19/03): There is a TEMPORARY Moratorium on Clans. Until there is balance in the Sects, we will <u>only</u> be accepting traditional Cammie (Schism Assamite, Brujah, Malks, Nossies, Tories, Tremere, or Ventrue. No Lasombra Antitribu. No Gangrel.) or Sabbat (Lasombra, Tzimisce, Cammie-Antitribu, Panders) Clans until further notice. </font></i></b></P> <P align=left><b><i><font color="#FFFF00"> This also means <u> no Caitiff, no Anarchs, and no abandoned childer</u>. This restriction will be lifted once we flush out the core ranks of PC's. If you see this notice, it is not yet rescinded, so do not ask if you can have one. </font></i></b></P> <P align=left><font color="#FF2828">- <B>PCs</B>: Assamites, Giovanni, Lasombra Antitribu, Malkavians ("Clown Malks" or ICP Clones will be refused outright, see below), Settites, Tremere. </font></P> <blockquote> <P align=left><font color="#FFCCCC"><b>Vampire Revised</b>, page 72: "There's no way to tell a Malkavian apart from the "sane" members of other clans...The Malkavians possess a dark intellect that is often - and increasingly - set to frightening purposes."</font></P> </blockquote> <P align=left><font color="#FF2828">- <B>NPC Class Only</B>: Baali, Cappadocians/Harbingers of Skulls, Kiasyd, Nagaraja, Old Clan Tzimisce, Salubri & Salubri Antitribu, Samedi, Serpents of the Light, True Brujah</font></P> <P align=left><font color="#FF2828">- Obscure bloodlines mentioned only in passing (be prepared to show where it comes from if we do not know off hand, WW Book # & Page #)) such as Daughters of Cacophony</font></P> <P align=left><font color="#FF2828">- African Kindred (NPC Only because we are not set up to support them yet)</font></P> </blockquote> <P align=left><b><font color="#FF2828">Forbidden Clans:</font></b></P> <blockquote> <P align=left><font color="#FF2828">- Ravnos, Tremere Antitribu</font></P> </blockquote> <P align=left><b><font color="#FF2828">Restricted Disciplines: </font></b></P> <blockquote> <P align=left><font color="#FF2828">- <b>In-Clan vs. Out-of-Clan Policy</b>: Starting PC's are not required to buy dots in all three in-Clan disciplines, but you may not substitute other out-of-Clan Disciplines in their place at Character Creation. When role-played properly, It is extremely hard to convince another vampire to teach you their tricks. Many players do not appreciate this and take it for granted that such a request would have been automatically honoured. You may not start out with Out-of-Clan Disciplines, and during the course of RP you may never have an Out-of-Clan Discipline go higher in dots than your lowest IN CLAN. If you want to play "mix and match", run a Caitiff with the appropriate penalties for such.</font></P> <P align=left><font color="#FF2828"><b>NOTE:</b> You may not use something as "In-Clan" if it was In-Clan in a prior edition and then removed (example: Malks may not have Dominate instead of Dementation). You must provide a most-current up to date 3rd edition source of proof for eligibility to change Disciplines to anything other than default.</font></P> <FONT size=2> <B> <P align="left"><FONT face=Arial>- CAITIFF & CHOICE OF DISCIPLINES: </FONT></B> <FONT face=Arial>Caitiff may not take disciplines that are clearly difficult to convince another vampire to teach them, such as Thaumaturgy or Serpentis, without proof (logs) of the actual RP with a legally approved PC or NPC teaching it to you You may be assigned corresponding flaws to match, such as being Hunted or Clan Enmity.</FONT></P> </blockquote> <P align="left"></FONT><font color="#FF2828"><B>Restricted Merits & Flaws</B>: Child Vampire Flaw, Conspicuous Consumption Flaw, Dark Fate Flaw, certain Psychotic Mental Flaws (case-by-case)</font></P> <P align=left><font color="#FF2828"><B>Restricted Paths</B>: Evil Revelations, Dark Ages Roads </font></P> <P align=left><font color="#FF2828"><B>Restricted Sects</B>: Black Hand (both "False" (Sabbat) & True Black Hand (Manus Nigrum aka TalMaheRa, which is defunct & thereby closed to new players), Sabbat Inquisition.</font></P> <P align=left><font color="#FF2828"><b>OTHER RESTRICTIONS</b>: PC's who come from New York, as it would conflict with prior RP history in this channel.</font></P></FONT> <P align=left> </P> <P align=left><B><FONT color=#ffff00>[BACK TO TOP]</FONT></B></P> <P align=left><IMG height=9 src="http://digitalgothic.net/Rules/bar.jpg" width=504 border=0></P> <P align=center><IMG height=60 src="http://digitalgothic.net/Rules/camarilla4D.gif" width=468 border=0></P> <P align=left> </P> <P align=left><B><FONT size=5 color="#FF2828">-- CREATING A V:tM CHARACTER:</FONT></B></P> <P align=left> </P> <P align=left><U><font color="#FF2828"><FONT face=Arial size=4>Using the Template that you can download </FONT> <I><B><a href="http://digitalgothic.net/Files/VTM.zip"><font face="Arial" size="3" color="#00FF00">HERE, </font></a></B></I><FONT face=Arial size=4>:</FONT></font></U></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2 color="#FF2828"><B>1. Player</B>: Put your name (and preferably also your <b> email address</b>).</FONT></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2 color="#FF2828"><B>2. Name:</B> Put the name of your character.</FONT></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2 color="#FF2828"><B>3. Chronicle:</B> Put "Washington DC By Night." (or DC By Night or 11th Hour)</FONT></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2 color="#FF2828"><B>4. Channel:</B> Put "#11thHourOOC" as this is our home channel.</FONT></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2 color="#FF2828"><B>5. Position:</B> You may not yet have one. Usually a title (Scourge, Prince, etc.) Omit if this does not apply.</FONT></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2><font color="#FF2828"><B>6. Nature: </B>Choose from the list</font> </FONT><B><I><font face="Arial" color="#ffff00" size="3">HERE (link under construction)</font></I></B><FONT face=Arial size=2>. <font color="#FF2828"> This is your true Nature, not the face the world sees. This aspect is vital, as you must act in the spirit of your True Nature to regain lost or spent Willpower.</font></FONT></P> <blockquote> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF"><b>Some temporary sites for help on Nature & Demeanor </b></font></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF"><b> (These are incomplete but decent enough to help):</b></font></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b><a href="http://www.geocities.com/nsc_obt/overviewN_D.html">http://www.geocities.com/nsc_obt/overviewN_D.html</a> </b></font></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b><a href="http://d.dominodeveloper.net/members/thespiralarms/clubd.nsf/nd?OpenPage">http://d.dominodeveloper.net/members/thespiralarms/clubd.nsf/nd?OpenPage</a> </b></font></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><a href="http://www.homestead.com/autarkis/Archetypes.html"><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>http://www.homestead.com/autarkis/Archetypes.html</b></font></a></P> </blockquote> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2 color="#FF2828"><B>7. Demeanor:</B> Choose from the same list as #6. Your Demeanor is the face you put on to the world, how you act. Nature and Demeanor must not be the same type.</FONT></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2 color="#FF2828"><B>8. Clan: </B>Self-Explanatory. </FONT></P> <blockquote> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FF2828"><b>NB: Caitiff and Abandoned Childer</b> should decide what clan they were sired by blood, as there are mechanisms in the game to determine this, even if they never knew IC. Do not put your chosen clan in the template as the points won't add up right in Disciplines. Just state it in your Background.</font></P> </blockquote> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2 color="#FF2828"><B>9. Embrace Date:</B> This should be in your background anyway, as you should know your character's true age. At least put a year, if not an actual date.</FONT></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2 color="#FF2828"><B>10. Sire:</B> If known. Again, Caitiff and Abandoned Childer should at least invent a fictitious Sire for the ST's purposes, even if they don't know the answer IC. Camarilla should never leave this blank.</FONT></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2 color="#FF2828"><B>11. Generation:</B> Starting Kindred can have down to 8th Generation. The 3rd Edition Template is a little finicky about setting a generation lower than 13th. You have to buy the Generation background first, before it will give you the extra spaces above 5. You need to do this in the Initial Stage, then save it, close it and reopen it. The standard template does not work right  for Elder stats (7th Gen & lower), but those would be NPC's anyway (ergo, the ST's problem to worry about, not yours).</FONT></P> <blockquote> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FF2828"><b>Crypt of the Phoenix Link explaining more on Generations: <a href="http://www15.brinkster.com/tvp/vampirelore/Generations.htm">http://www15.brinkster.com/tvp/vampirelore/Generations.htm</a></b></font></P> </blockquote> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2><B>1<font color="#FF2828">2. Haven: </font> </B><font color="#FF2828">You should decide where your character sleeps. The ST's can help you if you don't know the setting well enough to choose. This should be considered secret information IC, not something just any old PC should be told.</font></FONT></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2><font color="#FF2828"><B>13. Concept:</B> There is an actual list of concepts</font> </FONT><B><I><font face="Arial" color="#ffff00" size="3">HERE (link under construction)</font></I></B><FONT face=Arial size=2>. <font color="#FF2828"> We do realize that some of them may not fit exactly but do the best you can. Concepts are usually a 1-2 word root-level label for who your character is at the core (not in a supernatural sense). Examples might be: Drifter, Intellectual, Party Animal, Politician, Misguided Prophet, Socialite. These are stereotypes and needn't be literal; details would be covered in your background.  </font></FONT></P> <blockquote> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FF2828"><b>Temp Link containing examples of Concepts:</b></font></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><a href="http://www.virtualsolarsystem.com/venus/ladynightspirit/Concept.htm"><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>http://www.virtualsolarsystem.com/venus/ladynightspirit/Concept.htm</b></font></a></P> </blockquote> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2 color="#FF2828"><B>14. Gender: </B>Self-Explanatory, unless you're playing a trans-gendered character. Then you can either put what they were born as, or what they are now. We don't really care. Just pick one.</FONT></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2 color="#FF2828"><B>15. Apparent Age:</B> Put the age your character looks like at first glance.</FONT></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2><IMG height=9 src="http://digitalgothic.net/Rules/bar.jpg" width=504 border=0></FONT></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2><B>1<font color="#FF2828">6. Attributes:</font></B> <font color="#FF2828"> You will have 7/5/3 starting dots, to spend in three categories (Physical/Social/Mental) in whatever order most suits your PC (Primary/Secondary/Tertiary). Give thought to spending them according to the kind of person your character is, not what looks neat or what you think you have to have to keep from being killed. </font></FONT> </P> <blockquote> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FF2828"><b><i>NB: All Kindred start with 1 dot in every Attribute. Nossies can double click on the dot of App and get rid of it (App 0);  you won't be adding any dots after that anyway.</i></b></font> </P> </blockquote> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2><IMG height=9 src="http://digitalgothic.net/Rules/bar.jpg" width=504 border=0></FONT></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2><B>17. Abilities (Talents/Skills/Knowledges):</B> You will have 13/9/5 starting dots. You may not have anything above 3 dots in Initial Stage here. Please do not "Min-Max" either (where you have all your dots in just a couple areas, and nothing anywhere else). Also remember new characters grew up in the modern world. That means it is unlikely you don't know at least a LITTLE Computers and how to Drive. Some may not but you should be able to justify this in the background.</FONT></P> <ul> <li> <p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align="left"><b><span style="background-color: #000000"><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">Temporary Link on Abilities (Current List Only, No "System"):</font></span></b></li> <li> <p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align="left"><font face="Arial" size="2"><b><span style="background-color: #000000"><font color="#FFFFFF"><a href="http://www.pen-paper.net/wod.php?op=abilities">http://www.pen-paper.net/wod.php?op=abilities</a> </font></span></b></font></li> <li> <p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align="left"><b><span style="background-color: #000000"><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">Temporary Link for TALENTS: <a href="http://www.darknexus.com/WhiteWolf/talent.html">http://www.darknexus.com/WhiteWolf/talent.html</a></font></span></b></li> <li> <p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align="left"><b><span style="background-color: #000000"><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">Temporary Link for SKILLS: <a href="http://www.darknexus.com/WhiteWolf/skill.html">http://www.darknexus.com/WhiteWolf/skill.html</a></font></span></b></li> <li> <p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align="left"><b><span style="background-color: #000000"><font color="#FFFFFF"><font face="Arial" size="2">Temporary Link for KNOWLEDGES: <a href="http://www.darknexus.com/WhiteWolf/knowledge.html">http://www.darknexus.com/WhiteWolf/knowledge.html</a></font></font></span></b></li> </ul> <p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align="left"><font color="#FFFF00"><b><font face="Arial" size="2">NB: <u> Specializations (Attributes and/or Abilities)</u> -- </font> </b><font face="Arial" size="2">If you have a 4 or higher, you may take a specialization in something, but the bonus rerolling ONLY is done when you are using that specific specialization. </font></font></p> <p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align="left"><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFF00"> Example, if you have an Appearance of 4 and your specialization is "Sexy", you only get the bonus when you are trying to deliberately be "sexy" in your RP.</font></p> <blockquote> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left> </P> </blockquote> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2><IMG height=9 src="http://digitalgothic.net/Rules/bar.jpg" width=504 border=0></FONT></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2><B>18. Advantages (Disciplines/Backgrounds/Virtues): </B>You get 3 starting Discipline dots. You may not have Out-of-Clan Disciplines (except Caitiff, who have only those) as a starting character. You have 5 starting dots for Backgrounds (we highly recommend at least Resources 2 in order to be able to afford to live in DC at all, but you can also buy this up with Freebies.) You have 7 starting dots for your Virtues. </FONT></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2> <b> Remember your Frenzy and Rotschreck rolls are based off these stats. </b></FONT></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2><b>Humanity = Conscience + Self-Control (Mortal Average is 7). Plan accordingly.</b></FONT></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left> </P> <blockquote> <p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align="left"><b><font size="2" face="Arial" color="#FFFF00">Temporary Link for Backgrounds (Current List only, no "System"):</font></b></p> <p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align="left"><a href="http://www.pen-paper.net/wod.php?op=backgrounds"><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>http://www.pen-paper.net/wod.php?op=backgrounds</b></font></a></p> <p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align="left"><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFF00"><b>Another temporary Link for BACKGROUNDS (Multi-genre, no System):</b></font></p> <p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align="left"><a href="http://www.darknexus.com/WhiteWolf/background.html"><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#00FF00">http://www.darknexus.com/WhiteWolf/background.html</font></b></a></p> </blockquote> <p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align="left"> </p> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2><IMG height=9 src="http://digitalgothic.net/Rules/bar.jpg" width=504 border=0></FONT></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2><B>19. Miscellaneous:</B> You can put notes in here for things that have no other spot, but the space is limited. Things that need explaining, put on your background.</FONT></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2><B>20. Humanity: </B>Humanity 7 is as humane as your average mortal. The lower this stat, the more in control of you the Beast is. New Sabbat will start off on Humanity unless your background covers that you have been a member for a while, as to become ethically inhuman takes time to process mentally. Humanity 8 and above must be justified in the background and roleplayed accordingly or you will be making rolls to see if you lose it again. This stat affects your down-time if you are torpored, as well as your reading to Shifters in Sense Wyrm.</FONT></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>21. Willpower:</b>  Mortals and young Kindred typically have between 2-5. WP 6-7 can be bought. WP 8 or higher is extremely unusual in a new PC and would want justification, as would the Iron Will Merit.</font></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2><B>22. Blood Points: </B>The Template automatically generates this based on your Generation. Please keep track of when you feed IC as well as when you would supposedly feed IC if an opportunity had been available. Also keep track of BP spent upping your Physical stats or in usage of a Discipline. If you are low please notify an ST.</FONT></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2><IMG height=9 src="http://digitalgothic.net/Rules/bar.jpg" width=504 border=0></FONT></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2><B>23. Secondary Abilities:</B> Please add these in before you switch from Initial to Freebies Stage. The Template crashes if you don't. There is a list of currently approved Secondary Abilities </FONT><font face="Arial" size="3"><B><I><FONT color=#ffff00>HERE (link under construction)</FONT></I></B>.</font></P> <blockquote> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left> </P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b><font color="#B3F0FF">(here is a temp link to use to get an idea of some of them and how they relate to primary abilities:</font> <a href="http://www.geocities.com/TimesSquare/1903/vtm/ability.htm">http://www.geocities.com/TimesSquare/1903/vtm/ability.htm</a></b></font></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left> </P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#B3F0FF"><b>Another temp SA link from VOE. Useful in a general sense but do not take as canon and definitely do not use any "house rules" FF junk:</b></font></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><a href="http://www.vampyresofeurope.com/chargen/secondaries.htm"><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>http://www.vampyresofeurope.com/chargen/secondaries.htm</b></font></a></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left> </P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#B3F0FF"><b>Here is a link to V:tM LORES (All Lores are Secondary Knowledges; they are not allowed to replace Primaries nor are they under "OCCULT":</b></font></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><a href="http://www.livinginafantasy.com/rpgwod/vtm-lores.html"><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>http://www.livinginafantasy.com/rpgwod/vtm-lores.html</b></font></a></P> </blockquote> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2><B>24. Thaumaturgy and Necromancy:</B> Only applies if your character has this Discipline (usually Tremere only), otherwise leave blank. Add in Initial Stage as well.</FONT></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2><IMG height=9 src="http://digitalgothic.net/Rules/bar.jpg" width=504 border=0></FONT></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2><B>25. Merits & Flaws:</B> Add in Initial Stage. You may not have more than 7 total points of either Merits or Flaws. Any overages can be adjusted in Freebies stage: if you have more Merits than Flaws, subtract the difference from your Freebies. If you have more Flaws than Merits you may add the difference to your allowed Freebies (obviously only up to 22 total 15+7 Max). There is a list of currently approved Merits & Flaws </FONT><B><I><font face="Arial" color="#ffff00" size="3">HERE (link under construction)</font></I></B><FONT face=Arial size=2>. </FONT></P> <blockquote> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left> </P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#B3F0FF"><b>Temp Links to use for Merits & Flaws. The VOE one is incomplete and VTM -centric in coverage; the Pen&Paper one doesn't give details but it DOES give the sourcebook for tons of them in every genre so you know what's currently legal and what isn't.</b></font></P> <p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align="left"><font face="Arial" size="2"><b><font color="#DB91FF"><a href="http://www.vampyresofeurope.com/files/play-pack/meritflaws.htm">http://www.vampyresofeurope.com/files/play-pack/meritflaws.htm</a><font face="Arial"> </font></font></b></font></p> <p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align="left"><a href="http://www.pen-paper.net/wod.php?op=meritindex"><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#00FF00">http://www.pen-paper.net/wod.php?op=meritindex</font></b></a></p> <p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align="left"><font face="Arial" size="2"><b><a href="http://www.blarg.net/~rain/ats/Merits.html">http://www.blarg.net/~rain/ats/Merits.html</a></b></font></p> <p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align="left"><a href="http://www.blarg.net/~rain/ats/Flaws.html"><font size="2" face="Arial"><b>http://www.blarg.net/~rain/ats/Flaws.html</b></font></a></p> <p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align="left"><a href="http://darkstone.udic.net/merits.htm"><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>http://darkstone.udic.net/merits.htm</b></font></a></p> <p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align="left"><a href="http://www.darknexus.com/WhiteWolf/merit.html"><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>http://www.darknexus.com/WhiteWolf/merit.html</b></font></a></p> <p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align="left"><a href="http://www.darknexus.com/WhiteWolf/flaw.html"><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>http://www.darknexus.com/WhiteWolf/flaw.html</b></font></a></p> <p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align="left"><a href="http://www.geocities.com/Paris/Parc/2606/mf.html"><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>http://www.geocities.com/Paris/Parc/2606/mf.html</b></font></a></p> </blockquote> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2><B>26. Notes/Extras/Other: </B>If you need space for miscellaneous things.</FONT></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left> </P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b><i>After you make your first pass through, go back and spend your 15 (+ Overages) Freebie Points. Make sure you have chosen your Merits & Flaws, & Secondary Abilities, and added any notes to Miscellaneous, prior to switching to Freebies stage.</i></b></font></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left> </P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left> </P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2><IMG height=9 src="http://digitalgothic.net/Rules/bar.jpg" width=504 border=0></FONT></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left> </P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=4>USEFUL BOOK REFERENCES:</FONT></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left> </P><FONT size=2><B> <blockquote> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px" align=left><FONT face=Arial>Character Creation: </FONT></B><FONT face=Arial>WW2300 103-104</FONT></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px" align=left><FONT face=Arial><B>Sabbat:</B> WW2303 Pages 81-85</FONT></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px" align=left><FONT face=Arial><B>Caitiff:</B> WW2302 Pages 54-55</FONT></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px" align=left><FONT face=Arial><B>Abilities:</B> WW2300 Pages 119-129</FONT></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px" align=left><FONT face=Arial><B>Secondary Abilities:</B> WW2302 Pages 67-72, also WW2301 Pages 15-31 Attributes, WW2300 Pages 115-119</FONT></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px" align=left><FONT face=Arial><B>Natures & Demeanors:</B> pgs. 112-115, also Guide to Cam WW2302 Pages 66-67</FONT></P> </blockquote> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2><IMG height=9 src="http://digitalgothic.net/Rules/bar.jpg" width=504 border=0></FONT></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px" align=left> </P></FONT><B> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px" align=left><FONT face=Arial size=4>WHO APPROVES YOUR SHEET/WHO IS KINDRED ST?:</FONT></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px" align=left> </P></B> <blockquote> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px" align=left><b><font face="Arial" size="3">Kindred of all Clans: Ice, Jon</font></b></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px" align=left><b><font face="Arial" size="3">Ghouls: Jon, Ice</font></b></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px" align=left><b><font face="Arial" size="3">Revenants: Jon </font></b></P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px" align=left> </P> </blockquote> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left> </P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><B><FONT color=#ffff00>[BACK TO TOP]</FONT></B></P> <P align=left><IMG height=9 src="http://digitalgothic.net/Rules/bar.jpg" width=504 border=0></P> <P align=left> </P> <blockquote> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFD9"><b>"<i>Evil is a point of view. God kills indiscriminately and so shall we. For no creatures under God are as we are, none so like him as ourselves</i>. " - Lestat de Lioncourt, Anne Rice's "<i>Interview With A Vampire</i>"</b></font></P> </blockquote> <P align=left> </P> <P style="PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; MARGIN-TOP: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; BORDER-TOP-STYLE: ridge; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; PADDING-TOP: 3px; BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" align=center><B><font color="#ff2828" size="6">VAMPIRE SOURCEBOOKS IN USE:</font></B></P> <TABLE height=296 width="100%" border=1> <TBODY> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=38> <P align=center><B><FONT face=Arial color=#ff2828>White Wolf #</FONT></B></P></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=38> <P align=center><B><FONT face=Arial color=#ff2828>Title</FONT></B></P></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=38> <P align=center><B><FONT face=Arial color=#ff2828>ISBN #</FONT></B></P></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=38><B><FONT face=Arial color=#ff2828>Content Notes</FONT></B></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000080 height=45> <P align=center><B><font color="#FFFF00" size="3">WW5399</font></B></P></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000080 height=45 align="center"><FONT color=#FFFF00 size=2>World of Darkness: Time of Judgment <U>(<b>March 2004</b></U>)</FONT></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000080 height=45 align="center"><FONT color=#FFFF00 size=2>ISBN: 1-58846-475-X</FONT></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000080 height=45><FONT color=#FFFF00 size=2>CtD/DtF/HtR/KOTE/MtR</FONT></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="background-color: #BF4D00; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><b><font color="#FFFF00" size="3">WW2020</font></b></TD> <TD style="background-color: #BF4D00; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FFFF00">The Inquisition (1995) (Year of the Hunter<font class="title">)</font></font></TD> <TD style="background-color: #BF4D00; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2">ISBN: 1-56504-228-X</font></TD> <TD style="background-color: #BF4D00; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font color="#FFFF00" size="2">V:tM & H:tR crossover. 2nd Ed. but has not been superceded. Society of Leopold. Released as a V:tM Sourcebook.</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#004800 height=19 align="center"><b><font color="#FFFF00" size="3">WW2021</font></b></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#004800 height=19 align="center"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2">Ghouls: Fatal Addiction (1997) (2nd Ed)</font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#004800 height=19 align="center"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2">ISBN: 1-56504-230-1</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#004800 height=19><font color="#FFFF00" size="2">2nd Ed. but has not been superceded.</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#004800 height=19 align="center"><b><font color="#FFFF00" size="3">WW2023</font></b></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#004800 height=19 align="center"><center><font class="title" size="2" color="#FFFF00">Children of the Night (May 1999) (Official PDF EBook)</font></center></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#004800 height=19 align="center"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2">ISBN: 1-56504-244-1</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#004800 height=19><font size="2" color="#FFFF00">Justicars, Archons, key princes, bishops, pack priests, Sabbat cardinals and prisci, and an inscrutable Inconnu or two.</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#004800 height=19 align="center"><font size="3" color="#FFFF00"><b>WW2024</b></font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#004800 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FFFF00">Revelations of the Dark Mother (Nov. 1998) <b><i>(Out of Print)</i></b></font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#004800 height=19 align="center"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2">ISBN: 1-56504-237-9</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#004800 height=19><font color="#FFFF00">Lilith, The Bahari</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#004800 height=19 align="center"><b><font color="#FFFF00" size="3">WW2096</font></b></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#004800 height=19 align="center"><center><font class="title" size="2" color="#FFFF00">Giovanni Chronicles III: The Sun Has Set (1998) (BLACK DOG)</font></center></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#004800 height=19 align="center"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2">ISBN: 1-56504-258-1</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#004800 height=19><font color="#FFFF00" size="2">Presumed to be V:TM not V:tDA? (No info available)</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#004800 height=19 align="center"><b><font color="#FFFF00" size="3">WW2097</font></b></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#004800 height=19 align="center"><center><font class="title" size="2" color="#FFFF00">Giovanni Chronicles IV: Nuova Malattia (1999) (BLACK DOG)</font></center></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#004800 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FFFF00">ISBN: 1-56504-252-2</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#004800 height=19><font color="#FFFF00" size="2">Resolves the mysterious ending of The Sun Has Set, including the significance of the sought-after Sargon Fragment.</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font color="#FF2828" size="3"><b>WW2098</b></font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2">The Giovanni Saga 1 (2000) (BLACK DOG)</font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-56504-253-0</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font color="#FF2828" size="2">V:tDA. Use <b>only as background</b> for GC IV. </font><font size="2">Supercedes out-of-print first 2 parts of the Giovanni Chronicles: The Last Supper (WW2090 1995) & Blood and Fire (WW2091 1996).</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="3"><b>WW2101</b></font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">Time of Thin Blood (1999) (Year of the Reckoning</font><font class="title" size="2"></font><font size="2" color="#FF2828">) <b><i>(Out of Print)</i></b></font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font color="#FF2828" size="2">ISBN: 1-56504-245-X</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font color="#FF2828" size="2">14th/15th Generation Kindred</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font color="#FF2828" size="3"><b>WW2106</b></font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2">Blood Magic: Secrets of Thaumaturgy (2000) </font><font size="2" color="#FF2828"><b><i>(Out of Print)</i></b></font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-56504-246-8</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2" color="#FF2828">Expanded info on Thaumaturgy</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="3" color="#FFFF00"><b>WW2203</b></font></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FFFF00">Chicago by Night: The Faceless City (Feb. 1995)</font></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2">ISBN: 1-56504-051-1</font></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2" color="#FFFF00">Chicago, Prince Lodin & the Succubus Club (See Also: WW2409 2003)</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><b><font color="#FFFF00" size="3">WW2207</font></b></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FFFF00">The Anarch Cookbook: A Friendly Guide to Vampire Politics (Feb. 1995)</font></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2">ISBN: 1-56504-048-1</font></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font color="#FFFF00" size="2">See Also: WW2424. 2nd Ed. but has not been superceded as of 2004.</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><b><font class="title" size="3" color="#FFFF00">WW2209</font></b></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2">New Orleans By Night (1995) <b><i>(Out of Print)</i></b></font></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2">ISBN: 1-56504-096-1</font></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font color="#FFFF00" size="2">2nd Ed. but has not been superceded as of 2004.</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><b><font color="#FFFF00" size="3">WW2210</font></b></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><center><font class="title" size="2" color="#FFFF00">Los Angeles by Night: Unlife and Death in the Anarch Free States  (Feb. 1995)</font></center></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2">ISBN: 1-56504-130-5</font></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font color="#FFFF00" size="2">2nd Ed. but has not been superceded as of 2004.</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="3" color="#FFFF00"><b>WW2211</b></font></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FFFF00">DC By Night (1995)</font></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2">ISBN: 1-56504-130-5</font></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font color="#FFFF00" size="2">2nd Ed. but has not been superceded as of 2004.</font></TD></TR> <tr> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="3" color="#FFFF00"><b>WW2214</b></font></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><center><font class="title" size="2" color="#FFFF00">Berlin by Night (Feb. 1995)</font></center></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2">ISBN: 1-56504-075-9</font></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font color="#FFFF00" size="2">2nd Ed. but has not been superceded as of 2004.</font></TD> </tr> <tr> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><b><font color="#FFFF00">WW2216</font></b></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FFFF00">Montreal By Night (1997)</font></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FFFF00">ISBN: 1-56504-224-7</font></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font color="#FFFF00" size="2">2nd Ed. but has not been superceded as of 2004.</font></TD> </tr> <tr> <TD style="background-color: #800000; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center" bordercolorlight="#C0C0C0" bordercolordark="#808080"><b><font class="title" color="#FFCCCC" size="3">WW2223</font></b></TD> <TD style="background-color: #800000; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center" bordercolorlight="#C0C0C0" bordercolordark="#808080"><font size="2" color="#FFCCCC">Gypsies (To Times Undreamed Of)</font></TD> <TD style="background-color: #800000; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center" bordercolorlight="#C0C0C0" bordercolordark="#808080"><font size="2" color="#FFCCCC">ISBN : 1-56-504136-4</font></TD> <TD style="background-color: #800000; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 bordercolorlight="#C0C0C0" bordercolordark="#808080"><font size="2" color="#FFCCCC">Gypsies is 1st Ed. We have converted them to </font><font size="2" color="#FFFF00"> Sorcerer</font><font size="2" color="#FFCCCC"> for Crossover compatibility. Issued as a V:tM Sourcebook.</font></TD> </tr> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font class="title" size="3"><b>WW2228</b></font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font color="#FF2828" size="2"><b>World of Darkness: Mafia</b> (June 2002)</font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font color="#FF2828" size="2">ISBN: 1-58846-226-9</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font color="#FF2828" size="2">Mafia in the WOD</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font class="title" color="#FFFF00"><b>WW2230</b></font></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><center><font class="title" size="2" color="#FFFF00"><b>The Kindred Most Wanted</b> (1994) / (March 1997)</font></center></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2">ISBN: 1-56504-124-0</font></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font color="#FFFF00" size="2">The Red List</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><b><font color="#FFFF00" size="3">WW2232</font></b></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><center><font class="title" color="#FFFF00">Prince's Primer (April 1996)</font></center></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2">ISBN: 1-56504-201-8</font></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font color="#FFFF00" size="2">2nd Ed. but has not been superceded as of 2004. V:tM & MET. Examines Kindred politics.</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><b><font color="#FFFF00" size="3">WW2233</font></b></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2"><b>"Elysium: Elder Wars" </b>(1994) <b><i>(Out of Print)</i></b></font></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2">ISBN: 1-56504-155-0</font></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font color="#FFFF00" size="2">Sourcebook for running Cam. Elder chars. Includes original Elder creation rules (referenced in Dirty Secrets of the Black Hand). 2nd Ed. but has not been superceded as of 2004.</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><b><font color="#FFFF00" size="3">WW2234</font></b></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><b><font color="#FFFF00" size="2">Chicago Chronicles Vol. 1 (No further info available)</font></b></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2">ISBN: </font></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font color="#FFFF00" size="2">No info Available</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><b><font color="#FFFF00" size="3">WW2235</font></b></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><b><font color="#FFFF00" size="2">Chicago Chronicles Vol. 2</font></b><font color="#FFFF00" size="2">: Under A Blood Red Moon, Chicago By Night (2nd Ed.) (1996)</font></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2">ISBN: 1-56504-220-4</font></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font color="#FFFF00" size="2">Supercedes WW2203 (1993) & WW3102 (1993: W:tA crossover)</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><b><font color="#FFFF00" size="3">WW2236</font></b></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FFFF00"><b>Chicago Chronicles Vol. 3:</b> Milwaukee by Night, Ashes to Ashes, Blood Bond (March 1997)</font></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2">ISBN: 1-56504-221-2</font></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font color="#FFFF00" size="2">Supercedes. WW2105 (1992), WW2102 (1991) & WW2103 (1991)</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="3" color="#FFFF00"><b>WW2251</b></font></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FFFF00"><b>The Book of Nod</b> (Jan. 1996)</font></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2">ISBN: 1-56504-078-3</font></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font color="#FFFF00" size="2">Prophecies of Caine, Kindred Myths, Lilith, Gehenna</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="3"><b>WW2265</b></font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">Nights of Prophecy (2000) (The Year of Revelations</font><font class="title" size="2"></font><font size="2" color="#FF2828">) </font><font size="2" color="#FF2828"><b><i>(Out of Print)</i></b></font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-56504-229-8</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font color="#FF2828" size="2">Baba Yaga, Kuei-Jin, Chicago, Supplements</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><FONT color=#ff2828> <b>WW2300</b></FONT></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2">Vampire: the Masquerade Revised (3rd Edition) (1999)</font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-56504-249-2</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font color="#FF2828">V:tM Core Book</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"> <p align="center"><b>WW2301</b></p> </TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2">Vampire Storytellers Companion and Screen Revised (1998)</font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2">ISBN: 1-56504-259-9</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2">Extra Bloodlines, Weapons, Disciplines</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><b>WW2302</b></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2">Guide to the Camarilla (Feb. 1999)</font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-56504-261-1</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2">Clans, Disciplines, Sects</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><b>WW2303</b></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2">Guide to the Sabbat (1999)</font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-56504-263-8</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2">Clans, Disciplines, Sects. Supercedes WW2225 (1993)</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><b>WW2304</b></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2">Vampire Storytellers Handbook Revised  (2000) </font><font size="2" color="#FF2828"><b><i>(Out of Print)</i></b></font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-56504-264-6</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2">Expanded ST Info</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><b>WW2305</b></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">Vampire Players' Guide (2003)</font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-58846-243-9</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2" color="#FF2828">Expanded Player Info. Supercedes WW2206 (1993)</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><b>WW2351</b></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><center><font class="title" size="2">Clanbook: Brujah, Revised Ed. (2000)</font></center></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-56504-267-0</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2">Supercedes WW2051 (1992)</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><b>WW2352</b></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><center><font class="title" size="2">Clanbook: Gangrel, Revised Ed. (2000)</font></center></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-56504-265-4</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2">Supercedes WW2052 (1993)</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><b>WW2353</b></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><center><font class="title" size="2">Clanbook: Malkavian, Revised Ed. (2000)</font></center></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-56504-268-9</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2">Superceds WW2053 (1993)</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><b>WW2354</b></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font class="title" size="2">Clanbook: Nosferatu, Revised Ed. (2000)</font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-56504-266-2</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2">Supercedes WW2054 (1993)</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><b>WW2356</b></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><center><font class="title" size="2">Clanbook: Toreador, Revised Ed. (2000)</font></center></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-56504-269-7</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2">Supercedes WW2056 (1994)</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><b>WW2357</b></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><center><font class="title" size="2">Clanbook: Tremere, Revised Ed. </font></center><font size="2">(2000) </font><font size="2" color="#FF2828"><b><i>(Out of Print)</i></b></font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-56504-254-9</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2">Supercedes WW2057 (1994)</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><b>WW2358</b></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><center><font class="title" size="2">Clanbook: Ventrue, Revised Ed. (2000)</font></center></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-56504-255-7</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2">Supercedes WW2058 (1994)</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><b>WW2359</b></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font class="title" size="2">Clanbook: Assamite, Revised Ed. (2000)</font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-56504-256-5</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2">Superceds WW2059 (1995)</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="3"><b>WW2360</b></font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><center><font class="title" size="2">Clanbook: Followers of Set, Revised Ed. (2001)</font></center></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-58846-204-8</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2">Supercedes Clanbook: Setites WW2060 (1995)</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=20 align="center"><b><font size="3">WW2361</font></b></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=20 align="center"><center><font class="title" size="2">Clanbook: Tzimisce, Revised Ed. (2001)</font></center></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=20 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-58846-202-1</font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=20><font size="2" color="#FF2828">Supercedes WW2061 (!995)</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="3"><b>WW2362</b></font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><center><font class="title" size="2">Clanbook: Lasombra, Revised Ed. (2001)</font></center></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-58846-201-3</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2" color="#FF2828">Supercedes WW2062 (1996)</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="3"><b>WW2363</b></font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><center><font class="title" size="2">Clanbook: Giovanni, Revised Ed. (2001)</font></center></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-58846-207-2</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2">Supercedes</font><font size="2"> WW2063 (1997)</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="3"><b>WW2364</b></font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font class="title" size="2" color="#FF2828">Clanbook: Ravnos, Revised Ed. (2001)</font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-58846-209-9</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2">Supercedes WW2064 (1997)</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="3"><b>WW2400</b></font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">Eternal Hearts (<b>Black Dog Novella</b>) (2003) </font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-56504-205-0</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2" color="#FF2828">"<font size="2">The final nights have drawn Lucita, Sascha Vykos, Victoria Ash, the Society of Leopold & many others to Washington, D.C.,"</font></font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><b><font size="3">WW2409</font></b></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><center><font class="title" size="2">Succubus Club: Dead Mans Party (June 2003)</font></center></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-58846-240-4</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2">Chicago: Kindred Social supplement</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><b><font size="3">WW2410</font></b></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><center><font class="title">Cairo by Night (2001)</font></center></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-58846-215-3</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2">Cairo Sourcebook, also "Caitiff Prince" of Cairo</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><b><font size="3">WW2411</font></b></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><center><font class="title" size="2">New York by Night (Sept. 2001) </font></center><font size="2" color="#FF2828"><b><i>(Out of Print)</i></b></font><center></center></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-58846-218-8</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2">Sabbat lost NYC; rebuilding by the Cam Supercedes NYBN 2nd Ed. w/ Garou & Sabbat)</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><b><font color="#FF2828" size="3">WW2412</font></b></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><center><font class="title" size="2">Mexico City by Night (Aug. 2002)</font></center></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-58846-228-5</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2">Since the dawn of the New World, Mexico City has been the bastion of the Sword of Caine...</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font color="#FF2828" size="3"><b>WW2420</b></font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><center><font class="title">Gilded Cage, The (2001)</font></center></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-58846-216-1</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2">Cities: "<font size="2" color="#FF2828">A handbook of politics and treachery, The Gilded Cage explores how it is that the Kindred make places for themselves."</font></font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><b><font color="#FF2828" size="3">WW2421</font></b></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><center><font class="title">Sins of the Blood (2001)</font></center></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-58846-217-X</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2">Blood cults, ideological heresies, autarkis, etc. Partially superceds WW2005 1992 &  WW2010 (!993)</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font color="#FF2828" size="3"><b>WW2422</b></font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><center><font class="title">Midnight Siege (2001)</font></center></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-58846-219-6</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2" color="#FF2828">Conflict between the Camarilla and Sabbat in a real-world sense.</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font color="#FF2828" size="3"><b>WW2423</b></font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><center><font class="title" size="2">Blood Sacrifice: The Thaumaturgy Companion (2002)</font></center></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-58846-222-6</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2" color="#FF2828">Expanded information on non-traditional Thaumaturgy</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font class="title"><b>WW2424</b></font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><center><font class="title" size="2">Guide to the Anarchs (Feb. 2002)</font></center></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-58846-223-4</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2">Politics of undead reform, from fist-shaking iconoclasts to reasoned intellectuals and everyone in between.</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font color="#FF2828" size="3"><b>WW2425</b></font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><center><font class="title">Archons & Templars (2002)</font></center></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-58846-224-2</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2">Archons & Templars allows players to assume the roles of prestigious Cainites in the Great Jyhad.</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font color="#FF2828" size="3"><b>WW2426</b></font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><center><font class="title" size="2">Havens of the Damned (2002)</font></center></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-58846-225-0</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2">A folio of interesting havens</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font color="#FF2828" size="3"><b>WW2427</b></font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><center><font class="title" size="2">State of Grace (2002) (Year of the Damned)</font></center></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-58846-234-X</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2">Kindred with Faith (of various religions)</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font color="#FF2828" size="3"><b>WW2428</b></font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><center><font class="title" size="2">Caine's Chosen: The Black Hand (Jan. 2003)</font></center></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-58846-236-6</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2">Martial Arm of the Sabbat, or Gehenna Cult? Supercedes Dirty Secrets of the Black Hand (WW2006 1994)</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font color="#FF2828" size="3"><b>WW2429</b></font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><center><font class="title" size="2">Counsel of Primogen (March 2003)</font></center></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2">ISBN: 1-58846-237-4</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2">Expanded info on Primogen</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><b><font color="#FF2828" size="3">WW2430</font></b></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2"><center><font class="title">Lair of the Hidden (Aug. 11th, 2003) (Time of Judgement</font></center><font class="title">)</font></font><center></center></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-58846-242-0</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2">Carpathia & the Inconnu</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="background-color: #5F007D; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="3" color="#FFFF00"><b>WW2431</b></font></TD> <TD style="background-color: #5F007D; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font color="#FFFF00"><font class="title" size="2">The R<center>ed Sign (2003)  (Tim</font><font size="2"><font class="title">e of Judgement</font></center><font class="title">)</font></font></font></TD> <TD style="background-color: #5F007D; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FFFF00">ISBN: 1-58846-245-5</font></TD> <TD style="background-color: #5F007D; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2" color="#FFFF00">M:tA & V:tM TOJ Crossover: Kindred & Mages conspire to break Caine's Curse</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="3"><b>WW2432</b></font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><center><font class="title" size="2">Chaining the Beast (July 2003)</font></center></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-58846-241-2</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2">Paths of Enlightenment in detail (Non-Humanity)</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="3"><b>WW2440</b></font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><center><font class="title" size="2">Encyclopaedia Vampirica (2002)</font></center></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2">ISBN: 1-58846-227-7</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2">Primer of Kindred</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><b>WW2441</b></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2">Kindred of the Ebony Kingdom (May 2003)</font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-58846-239-0</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2">New African Clans: Laibon, Guruhi, Naglopers, Akunanse</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="3"><b>WW2460</b></font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><center><font class="title" size="2">Ventrue Chronicles (Dec. 2003)</font></center></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-58846-244-7</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2" color="#FF2828">Created in the spirit of the Giovanni Chronicles series, The Ventrue Chronicle focuses on the trials and tribulations of a single clan.</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="3"><b>WW2470</b></font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">Victorian Age: Vampire (2003)</font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-58846-229-3</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2"><b>NOT a Dark Ages module.</b> 19th Century Setting for V:tM</font></TD></TR> <tr> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="3"><b>WW2471</b></font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2">London By Night (Nov. 2002)</font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-58846-230-7</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2">Supplement for Victorian Age: Vampire. Prince Mithras.</font></TD> </tr> <tr> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="3"><b>WW2472</b></font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2">Victorian Age Companion (April 2003)</font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-58846-238-2</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2">Information and rules for Victorian-era Abilities and Backgrounds, and the bloodlines of the era</font></TD> </tr> <tr> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><b>WW2624</b></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2">Cities of Darkness Vol. 3 (2003)</font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2">ISBN: <font face="Geneva" size="-1">1-56504-235-2</font></font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2">Supercedes previously out-of-print Dark Colony (WW2212 1993) and Alien Hunger (WW2100 1991). Denver & New England By Night</font></TD> </tr> <tr> <TD style="background-color: #000080; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><b><font color="#FFFFFF">WW2814</font></b></TD> <TD style="background-color: #000080; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><center><font class="title" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">Transylvania Chronicles IV: The Dragon Ascendant (2000)</font></center></TD> <TD style="background-color: #000080; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FFFFFF">ISBN: 1-56504-293-X</font></TD> <TD style="background-color: #000080; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font color="#FFFFFF" size="2">V:tm & V:tDA Crossover. Concluding story begun 4 years ago in Dark Tides Rising. Resolves  800-year-old feud between 2 of the most evil minds in the WOD. (SA: WW2813 TC III, </font></TD> </tr> <tr> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font class="title" size="3" color="#FFFF00"><b>WW2818</b></font></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FFFF00">Erciyes Fragments (Nov. 1998) <i><b>(Out of Print)</b></i></font></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font color="#FFFF00" size="2">ISBN: 1-56504-237-9</font></TD> <TD style="background-color: #004800; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font color="#FFFF00" size="2">More Gehenna & Book of Nod type stuff</font></TD> </tr> <tr> <td width="20%" style="background-color: #005279; color: #005279; border-style: ridge; border-color: #000080" height="19" bgcolor="#204000" align="center"><b><font size="3" color="#B3F0FF">WW2832</font></b></td> <td width="32%" style="background-color: #005279; color: #005279; border-style: ridge; border-color: #000080" height="19" bgcolor="#204000" align="center"><font size="2" color="#B3F0FF">Veil of Night (Year of the Scarab)</font></td> <td width="23%" style="background-color: #005279; color: #005279; border-style: ridge; border-color: #000080" height="19" bgcolor="#204000" align="center"><font size="2" color="#B3F0FF">ISBN: 1-58846-206-4</font></td> <td width="25%" style="background-color: #005279; color: #005279; border-style: ridge; border-color: #000080" height="19" bgcolor="#204000" align="center"><font size="2" color="#B3F0FF">Guide to the medieval Islamic world & the Cainites who rule its nights. VtM/MtR crossover</font></td> </tr> <TR> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="3"><b>WW2999</b></font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">Gehenna (Jan. 2004) </font><font class="title" size="2"><center>(Tim</font><font size="2"><font class="title">e of Judgement</font></center><font class="title">)</font></font></TD> <TD style="border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FF2828">ISBN: 1-58846-246-3</font></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: ridge; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2">Gehenna brings about the conclusion of vampires World of Darkness. (Ending at ST Discretion)</font></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="background-color: #550071; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="20%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><b><font color="#FFFF00" size="3">WW4046</font></b></TD> <TD style="background-color: #550071; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="34%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font color="#FFFF00"><font size="2">Blood Treachery (2000) (The Year of Revelations</font><font class="title" size="2"></font><font size="2">)</font></font></TD> <TD style="background-color: #550071; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="22%" bgColor=#000000 height=19 align="center"><font size="2" color="#FFFF00">ISBN: 1-56504-409-6</font></TD> <TD style="background-color: #550071; border-left-style: ridge; border-right-style: ridge" width="24%" bgColor=#000000 height=19><font size="2" color="#FFFF00">V:tM & M:tA Crossover. OOH Versus Tremere. Ghoul & revenant mages, the original development of House Tremere and its secret expatriates in the Orders House Tytalus.</font></TD></TR> </TBODY></TABLE> <table border="1" width="100%" height="46"> <tr> <td width="20%" align="center" height="1" bgcolor="#3F3F3F"><b><font color="#C0C0C0" size="3">WW6008</font></b></td> <td width="32%" align="center" height="1" bgcolor="#3F3F3F"><font size="2" color="#C0C0C0">The Quick and the Dead (1995) </font><font color="#C0C0C0"><font size="2"> (The Year of The Hunter</font><font class="title" size="2"></font><font size="2">)</font></font></td> <td width="23%" align="center" height="1" bgcolor="#3F3F3F"><font size="2" color="#C0C0C0">ISBN:1-56504-613-7</font></td> <td width="25%" align="center" height="1" bgcolor="#3F3F3F"> <p align="left"><font size="2" color="#C0C0C0">W:tO - V:tM - H:tR & Mortal Crossover. Relationships between Wraiths & the living. Introduces Ghost Hunters</font></p> </td> </tr> </table> <TABLE height=34 width="100%" border=1> <TBODY> <tr> <td width="20%" align="center" height="1" bgcolor="#3F3F3F"><b><font color="#C0C0C0" size="3">WW6200</font></b></td> <td width="32%" align="center" height="1" bgcolor="#3F3F3F"><font size="2" color="#C0C0C0">Necropolis: Atlanta (1994)</font></td> <td width="23%" align="center" height="1" bgcolor="#3F3F3F"><font size="2" color="#C0C0C0">ISBN:1-56504-164-X</font></td> <td width="25%" align="center" height="1" bgcolor="#3F3F3F"><font size="2" color="#C0C0C0">V:tM & W:tO Crossover.</font></td> </tr> </TBODY></TABLE> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left> </P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left> </P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left> </P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><B><FONT color=#ffff00>[BACK TO TOP]</FONT></B></P> <P align=left><IMG height=9 src="http://digitalgothic.net/Rules/bar.jpg" width=504 border=0></P> <blockquote> <p align="left"><i><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFD9">"One thing about living in Santa Carla I never could stomach; all the damn vampires."</font></b></i></p> <p><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFD9">-- Grandpa, "The Lost Boys" (1987)</font></b></p> </blockquote> <p align="center"> </p> <p align="center"><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">**NOTE: <i>A PC may not assume to know the "aura" or reading of a Vampire until they have earned this knowledge IC, via RP, buying Kindred Lore, or info from an approved background. Otherwise, they may <u>see</u> the reading as stated, but it has no meaning to them.</i></font></b></p> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left> </P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><B><FONT color=#ffff00>[BACK TO TOP]</FONT></B></P> <P align=left><IMG height=9 src="http://digitalgothic.net/Rules/bar.jpg" width=504 border=0></P> <P align=left> </P> <blockquote> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFD9"><b>"<i>How do we seem to you? Do you find us beautiful, magical? Our white skin, our fierce eyes? 'Drink,' you ask me; do you have any idea of the thing you will become?</i>" - Louis de Pointe du Lac in Anne Rice's "<i>Interview With A Vampire</i>"</b></font></P> </blockquote> <P align=left> </P> <P align=left><B><FONT size=5>VAMPIRE THEMED MEDIA:</FONT></B></P><FONT size=2> <P align=left><FONT face=Arial><B>BOOKS:</B> "The Vampire Chronicles" by Anne Rice, "Dracula" by Bram Stoker, "<a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/031286504X/103-8347726-3323003?v=glance">I Am Legend</a>" by Richard Matheson (1954), The Harry Potter Series, "Lost Souls" by Poppy Z. Brite, "Blood Is Not Enough" Anthology edited by Ellen Datlow, Day of the Jackal [Assamite/Assassin mentality], "<A href="http://www.robertweinberg.net/reddeath.htm">Bloodwar: The Masquerade Of The Red Death</A>" by Robert Weinberg</FONT></P> <P align=left><FONT face=Arial><B>MOVIES:</B> <a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0093605/"> Near Dark</a>, The Lost Boys, The Hunger, Blade I & II, Highlander I (Immortals & their "Masquerade"), Fright Night, Salem's Lot, Lifeforce , Vampire Hunter D (<strong class="title" style="font-weight: 400">Kyûketsuki)</strong> (somewhat KOTE), <A href="http://us.imdb.com/title/tt0065580/">Countess Dracula</A>, <A href="http://us.imdb.com/title/tt0051554/">Dracula</A> ('58), <A href="http://us.imdb.com/title/tt0068505/">Dracula A.D. 1972</A>, <a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0067525/">The Omega Man</a></FONT></P> <P align=left><FONT face=Arial><B>MUSIC:</B> "Bloodletting" by Concrete Blonde, "Night Moves" by Marilyn Martin, "After Dark" by Blue Oyster Cult, "<A href="http://www.darklyrics.com/lyrics/icedearth/somethingwickedthiswaycomes.html#10">Blessed Are You</A>" & "<A href="http://www.darklyrics.com/lyrics/icedearth/horrorshow.html#9">Dracula</A>" by Iced Earth</FONT></P> <P align=left><FONT face=Arial><B>POETRY</B>: "<a href="http://www.geocities.com/mahtezcatpoc/baudelaire-vampire.html">The Vampire</a>" by Charles Baudelaire, "<a href="http://www.geocities.com/mahtezcatpoc/kipling-vampire.html">The Vampire</a>" by Rudyard Kipling</FONT></P> <P align=left><FONT face=Arial><B>TELEVISION:</B> Buffy The Vampire Slayer, Dark Shadows, Forever Knight, <a href="http://www.evasource.net/hellsing/">Hellsing</a> (& another <a href="http://reviews.megkazul.net/reviews/hellsing.html">Hellsing</a> Link), "Kindred: The Embraced" (1995)</FONT></P> <P align=left><FONT face=Arial><B>THEATER:</B>  </FONT></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial"><b>VIDEO GAMES:</b>   <a href="http://games.activision.com/games/vampire/">Vampire: the Masquerade - Redemption</a></font></P> <P align=left> </P></FONT> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><B><FONT color=#ffff00>[BACK TO TOP]</FONT></B></P> <P align=left><IMG height=9 src="http://digitalgothic.net/Rules/bar.jpg" width=504 border=0></P> <P align=left> </P> <P align=left><font size="5">Quintessential V:tM Archetypes in Media & Myth:</font></P> <ul> <li> <p align="left"><font size="2" face="Arial"><b>Hannibal Lecter: the perfect Malkavian (with shades of Ventrue)</b></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font size="2" face="Arial"><b>The gang (David, Star, etc.) from "<i>Lost Boys</i>": Brujah</b></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font size="2" face="Arial"><b>Louis from "<i>Interview With A Vampire</i>": Toreador (in attitude)</b></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font size="2" face="Arial"><b>Drusilla from "<i>Buffy</i>": Oracular Ability Merit in use</b></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font size="2" face="Arial"><b>Severen in "<i>Near Dark</i>": poss. Brujah, if not outright Anarch or shades of Sabbat</b></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><FONT face=Arial size="2"><b>Malfoy & House Slitherin in "<i>Harry Potter</i>": Tremere (in attitude)</b></FONT></li> </ul> <FONT size=2> <P align=left> </P></FONT> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><B><FONT color=#ffff00>[BACK TO TOP]</FONT></B></P> <P align=left><IMG height=9 src="http://digitalgothic.net/Rules/bar.jpg" width=504 border=0></P> <P align=left> </P> <blockquote> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFD9"><b>"<i>Ah, come now. I look like an angel, but I'm not. The old rules of nature encompass many creatures like me. We're beautiful like the diamond-backed snake, or the striped tiger, yet we're merciless killers</i>."</b></font></p> <p align="right"><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFD9"><b>--- Lestat, "<i>Tale of the Body Thief</i>"</b></font></p> </blockquote> <P align=left> </P> <P align=left><FONT size=5><B>LINKS TO VAMPIRE RELATED WEB SITES:</B></FONT></P> <div align="center"> <center> <table border="1" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="33%"> <p align="center"><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Assamite/join"><FONT face=Courier size=-1><img src="http://us.i1.yimg.com/us.yimg.com/i/yg/img/ui/join.gif" border=0><BR></FONT><b><FONT face=Arial size=-1>Click to subscribe to Assamite</FONT></b></a></td> <td width="33%"> <p align="center"><FONT face=Courier size=-1><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/11thHourBrujah/join"><img src="http://us.i1.yimg.com/us.yimg.com/i/yg/img/ui/join.gif" border=0><br></a></FONT><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/11thHourBrujah/join"><b><FONT face=Arial size=-1>Click to subscribe to 11thHourBrujah</FONT></b></a></td> <td width="34%"> <p align="center"><FONT face=Courier size=-1><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/11thHourGangrel/join"><img src="http://us.i1.yimg.com/us.yimg.com/i/yg/img/ui/join.gif" border=0 width="91" height="52"><BR></a></FONT><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/11thHourGangrel/join"><b><FONT face=Arial size=-1>Click to subscribe to 11thHourGangrel</FONT></b></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="33%"> <p align="center"><FONT face=Courier size=-1><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/11thHourSewers/join"><img src="http://us.i1.yimg.com/us.yimg.com/i/yg/img/ui/join.gif" border=0><BR></a></FONT><b><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/11thHourSewers/join"><FONT face=Arial size=-1>Click to subscribe to 11thHourSewers</FONT></a></b> <font face="Arial" size="2"><b>(Nossies)</b></font></td> <td width="33%"> <p align="center"><FONT face=Courier size=-1><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/11thHourCouncil/join"><img src="http://us.i1.yimg.com/us.yimg.com/i/yg/img/ui/join.gif" border=0><br></a></FONT><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/11thHourCouncil/join"><FONT face=Arial size=-1><b>Click to subscribe to 11thHourCouncil</b></FONT></a><font size="-1" face="Arial"><b> (Primogen) </b></font></td> <td width="34%"> <p align="center"> <a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/11thHourSabbat/join"><FONT face=Courier size=-1><img src="http://us.i1.yimg.com/us.yimg.com/i/yg/img/ui/join.gif" border=0><br></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=-1><b>Click to subscribe to 11thHourSabbat</b></FONT></a></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="33%"> <FONT face=Courier size=-1> <p align="center"><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/11thHourTremere/join"><img src="http://us.i1.yimg.com/us.yimg.com/i/yg/img/ui/join.gif" border=0><br></a></FONT> <a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/11thHourTremere/join"> <FONT face=Arial size=-1><b>Click to subscribe to 11thHourTremere</b></FONT> </a></td> <td width="33%"> <p align="center" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT face=Courier size=-1><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/11thTalMaheRa/join" ><img src="http://us.i1.yimg.com/us.yimg.com/i/yg/img/ui/join.gif" border=0></a></FONT><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/11thTalMaheRa/join" ><BR><font face="Arial"><b><FONT size=-1>Click to subscribe to 11thTalMaheRa</FONT></b></font></a><font size="-1" face="Arial"><b> </b></font></p> <p align="center" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="-1" face="Arial"><b>(True Black Hand / Manus Nigrum / Tal'Mahe'Ra)</b></font></center></p> </td> <td width="34%"><center><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/11thHourVentrue/join"><FONT face=Courier size=-1><img src="http://us.i1.yimg.com/us.yimg.com/i/yg/img/ui/join.gif" border=0><br></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=-1><b>Click to subscribe to 11thHourVentrue</b></FONT></a></center></td> </tr> </table> </div> <P align=left style="margin-top: 1; margin-bottom: 1"> </P> <P align=left style="margin-top: 1; margin-bottom: 1"> </P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Abomination NPCs Index: <a href="http://www.pen-paper.net/wod.php?op=npc&npctypeid=26">http://www.pen-paper.net/wod.php?op=npc&npctypeid=26</a></b></font></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Assamites - Clanbook Assamite Review (with helpful comments containing basic Clan info): <a href="http://www.rpg.net/news+reviews/reviews/rev_3726.html"> http://www.rpg.net/news+reviews/reviews/rev_3726.html</a></b></font></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Assamites - Another Clanbook Review with helpful comments: <a href="http://www.realms.org.uk/cms/articles/clanbookassamite">http://www.realms.org.uk/cms/articles/clanbookassamite</a></b></font></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Assamites - Genealogy of the Assamites: <a href="http://vampirerpg.free.fr/Genealogy/Assamite.html">http://vampirerpg.free.fr/Genealogy/Assamite.html</a> </b></font></P> <P align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2><B>Assamites - OnyxFlame's OWBN Assamite Site: <A href="http://clans.owbn.org/assamite/">http://clans.owbn.org/assamite/</A></B></FONT></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Assamites - Overview of Clan Assamite: <a href="http://roswell.fortunecity.com/seance/500/v.tm/clans/assamite.html">http://roswell.fortunecity.com/seance/500/v.tm/clans/assamite.html</a></b></font></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Assamites - OWBN Assamite FAQ (helpful info but not canon here): <a href="http://clans.owbn.org/assamite/ooc/faq.html">http://clans.owbn.org/assamite/ooc/faq.html</a> </b></font></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Assamites - Storytelling for Assamites: <a href="http://www.assamites.com/storytelling.htm">http://www.assamites.com/storytelling.htm</a></b></font></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Camarilla.org Kindred Lores (not Tabletop Canon but useful for perspective): <a href="http://www.central.camarilla.org.uk/Documents/ca-lores.htm">http://www.central.camarilla.org.uk/Documents/ca-lores.htm</a></b></font></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Dhampir (Child of a 15th Gen & A Mortal) (Overview, not canon): <a href="http://www.fataladdiction.com/dhampir.html">http://www.fataladdiction.com/dhampir.html</a></b></font></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Dhampirs: <a href="http://www.geocities.com/roleplayingheroes/idhampyr.htm#dhampir">http://www.geocities.com/roleplayingheroes/idhampyr.htm#dhampir</a></b></font></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Diablerie Information: <a href="http://www.homestead.com/autarkis/Diablerie.html">http://www.homestead.com/autarkis/Diablerie.html</a></b></font></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Dracula - The Myth of Dracula (article by Linda Casselman): <a href="http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/mythology/83076">http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/mythology/83076</a></b></font></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Endless Knot General Char Creation Page (NB: This is SECOND ED. but contains some helpful information and commentary that new players may need): <a href="http://www.endlessknot.com/~xenzie/vamplinks.html">http://www.endlessknot.com/~xenzie/vamplinks.html</a></b></font></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Endless Night / Black Xion Goth Fetish Occult & Vampire Fest: <a href="http://endlessnight.com/">http://endlessnight.com/</a></b></font></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Ex-Vampires (Mortals) NPCs Index: <a href="http://www.pen-paper.net/wod.php?op=npc&npctypeid=7">http://www.pen-paper.net/wod.php?op=npc&npctypeid=7</a></b></font></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Ghoul NPCs Index: <a href="http://www.pen-paper.net/wod.php?op=npc&npctypeid=9">http://www.pen-paper.net/wod.php?op=npc&npctypeid=9</a></b></font></P> <P align=left><b><font face="Arial" size="2">Giovanni - Unofficial Giovanni Web Site: <a href="http://www.geocities.com/TimesSquare/Labyrinth/2347/">http://www.geocities.com/TimesSquare/Labyrinth/2347/</a></font></b></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>HTTP Resources for V:tM (Sorted By Server): <a href="http://vampirerpg.free.fr/http-byserver.html">http://vampirerpg.free.fr/http-byserver.html</a></b></font></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Kindred Academy's Vampire Terminology (Sort of a Lexicon): <a href="http://www.geocities.com/kindredacademy/terms.html">http://www.geocities.com/kindredacademy/terms.html</a></b></font></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Lasombra "Anti-Tribu" Page: <a href="http://members.tripod.com/~Horne/index.html">http://members.tripod.com/~Horne/index.html</a></b></font></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>LizardSoup's Vampire Traits Page (<i>Good Cheat Sheet for some character creation stats</i>): <a href="http://www.lizardsoup.net/html/vampire/traits.htm">http://www.lizardsoup.net/html/vampire/traits.htm</a></b></font></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>MercyGround (A DC By Night MUSH (May be defunct)): <a href="http://www.mercyground.org/">http://www.mercyground.org/</a></b></font></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Neurondancer's V:tM FAQ: </b></font><font face="Arial" size="2"><b><a href="http://www.geocities.com/vtmfaq/#saulot">http://www.geocities.com/vtmfaq/</a></b></font></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Nossies - Overview of Clan Nosferatu: <a href="http://www.angelfire.com/de/SolitaryAsylum/nosferatu.html">http://www.angelfire.com/de/SolitaryAsylum/nosferatu.html</a></b></font></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Nossies - Unofficial SchreckNet Yahoo Group: <a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/SchreckNET/">http://groups.yahoo.com/group/SchreckNET/</a></b></font></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Paris By Night Char Creation Notes (helpful as V:tM cheat sheet): <a href="http://www.geocities.com/parisbynightfriends/tech/charcreation.html">http://www.geocities.com/parisbynightfriends/tech/charcreation.html</a></b></font></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Path of Blood, The (Assamite-centric Fiction): <a href="http://www.thepathofblood.com/selectpobfiction.php">http://www.thepathofblood.com/selectpobfiction.php</a></b></font></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Patman's Clan Assamite Page: <a href="http://www.patman.org/wod/clans/assamite.asp">http://www.patman.org/wod/clans/assamite.asp</a></b></font></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Patman's Genealogy of Kindred (WW Canon): <a href="http://www.patman.org/wod/genealogy/wodgenealogy.asp">http://www.patman.org/wod/genealogy/wodgenealogy.asp</a></b></font></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Patman's Clan Tzimisce Page (Including Ghoul Info): <a href="http://www.patman.org/wod/clans/tzimisce.asp">http://www.patman.org/wod/clans/tzimisce.asp</a></b></font></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Predaphile's Kindred & KOTE Page: <a href="http://www.geocities.com/predaphile/wod-kote-n-kindred.html">http://www.geocities.com/predaphile/wod-kote-n-kindred.html</a></b></font></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Ravnos - Clan Ravnos Archives: <a href="http://www.geocities.com/Area51/Shadowlands/9474/">http://www.geocities.com/Area51/Shadowlands/9474/</a></b></font></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>The REAL Prince Dracula: <a href="http://www.royalty.nu/Europe/Balkan/Dracula.html">http://www.royalty.nu/Europe/Balkan/Dracula.html</a></b></font></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Revenants - (Self Sustaining Ghouls) (Overview, not canon): <a href="http://www.fataladdiction.com/revenant.html">http://www.fataladdiction.com/revenant.html</a></b></font></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Timeline for V:tM (Unverified) to year 2000: <a href="http://www.gehenna.org.uk/~dirk/timeline/vamptime.htm">http://www.gehenna.org.uk/~dirk/timeline/vamptime.htm</a></b></font></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Timeline of the World of Darkness: <a href="http://www.solarscribe.com/alamut/wodtime-1.html">http://www.solarscribe.com/alamut/wodtime-1.html</a></b></font></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Toreadors.com: <a href="http://www.toreadors.com/">http://www.toreadors.com/</a></b></font></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b> Tremere Virtual Chantry: <a href="http://www.iit.edu/~lance/tremere/">http://www.iit.edu/~lance/tremere/</a></b></font></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Ventrue.com: <a href="http://www.ventrue.com/">http://www.ventrue.com/</a></b></font></P> <P align=left><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Wilhelm's List of Elder Kindred (stops at 1998): <a href="http://www.geocities.com/Area51/Chamber/6209/elders.html">http://www.geocities.com/Area51/Chamber/6209/elders.html</a></b></font></P> <P align=left> </P> <P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%" align=left><B><FONT color=#ffff00>[BACK TO TOP]</FONT></B></P> <P align=left><IMG height=9 src="http://digitalgothic.net/Rules/bar.jpg" width=504 border=0></P> <P align=left> </P> <P align=center><a href="http://www.timeofjudgment.com"><img border="0" src="http://digitalgothic.net/Rules/timeofjudgment.jpg" width="301" height="128"></a></P> <hr> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin: 0px" align="center"><b><font color="#FFD9C6">All Gaming Sourcebooks & Materials for this campaign are </font></b></p> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin: 0px" align="center"><b><font color="#FFD9C6">© 1990-2005 White Wolf Publishing, Inc. All rights reserved.</font></b> <hr> <p style="line-height: 100%; margin: 0px" align="center">  <p style="line-height: 100%; margin: 0px" align="center"> </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE> <SCRIPT></SCRIPT> <SCRIPT language=Javascript1.1></SCRIPT> <SCRIPT language=Javascript1.2></SCRIPT> <SCRIPT language=Javascript1.3></SCRIPT> <SCRIPT language=Javascript1.4></SCRIPT> <SCRIPT></SCRIPT> <NOSCRIPT><IMG height=1 src="vampirerules_files/sitestats.gif" width=1></NOSCRIPT></BODY></HTML> <script type="text/javascript"></script><noscript><img src="http://digitalgothic.net/cgi-bin/sitestats.gif?p=http%3A%2F%2Fdigitalgothic.net%2FRules%2Fvampirerules.htm;r=-;t=3804;" width=1 height=1 alt="sitestats"></noscript>

Vampire: the Masquerade Rules | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | | | **Vampire: the Masquerade Rules** | | **LAST UPDATED****4/23/05** --- **OVERVIEW****The Camarilla-- 4 Additional Laws-- Prince & Council-- Justicars, Archons & AlastorsThe SabbatThe AnarchsThe Independents** **-- Territory Lines** --- **RESTRICTIONS**- **Restricted Backgrounds- Restricted Clans- Restricted Disciplines- Restricted Merits & Flaws- Restricted Misc.** --- **CREATING A V:tM CHARACTER**. --- **BOOKS USED**. --- **VAMPIRE THEMED MEDIA**. --- **LINKS TO VAMPIRE RELATED WEB SITES**. | | -- **OVERVIEW:** **BASIC DESCRIPTION OF DC VAMPIRE POLITICS --** **The current overall Kindred climate in DC is volatile. It has been for years but things have gone up a notch, even for notorious DC. This is beyond typical vampire politics and manipulation into outright Cold War. The various supernatural factions in DC, and they are legion, are constantly making moves to remove the Kindred from the City, both behind the scenes and blatantly, with no regard for any equivalent of the Masquerade even as merely a principle of common sense and survival.** **While the Camarilla have the reigns of that which is Kindred business here, those reigns are thrashing about in a power struggle for our very lives, not with the Sabbat, but with the entire World of Darkness. Where's Elysium, you ask? Hell, little one, you're lucky to be able to sleep the day in peace long enough to see the next night, never mind debate art, politics and social hour with your compatriots...** --- **Things to bear in mind about the current state of various factions, when creating a Kindred character for this Chronicle:** **Washington DC is a Camarilla City, with a Prince & Council as the ruling body of the Kindred. There is next to no presence of any other sects, and those disloyal or even just complacent about Camarilla law at least keep their mouths shut about it if they wish to live long. Those of non-Camarilla Clans who wish to swear loyalty to the Prince may be tolerated on an individual basis. It is said that Lasombra and Tzimisce Antitribu needn't bother trying, nor the Giovanni and Setites. Camarilla who come to a new City are assumed to be released and coming with character references from their prior Prince.** **NB on the Use of the word "KINDRED":** Out of habit, players freely use "Kindred" and "Vampire" interchangeably in this game, but that is incorrect (if you spot us having done this on the web site, please notify the Ops). Kindred correctly should only refer to Camarilla-inclined Vampires. Kindred: The entire race of vampires as a whole, or a single vampire. According to vampire lore, the term came about in the 15th or 16th century after the Anarch Revolt. Sabbat hate this term and refuse to consider themselves as Kindred. --- **NB:** Aside from the Six Traditions, there are **four additional Laws** decreed in Washington under the current Prince: **[1] Do not Sire for love (as per Caine's Law), for you do not want the additional burden, should the childe need putting down, of having to kill a lover;** **[2] Do not Sire or Ghoul children, for their innocence is sacred;** **[3] Do not kill to feed, for it is not necessary to our survival and attracts attention of the wrong sorts, and --** **[4] Do not take ghouls without the Prince's permission, for many beings that seem mortal and therefore servants or herd, may in fact be supernaturals or belong to someone else already.** **Additionally, you may never hunt in Georgetown, and you may never be present in Chinatown for any reason whatsoever.** **Prince:** ^IceFalcon^ **Seneschal:** Juan\_Salazar **PRIMOGEN & COUNCIL** (as of 9/7/04) **Assamites:** Edward Gibson ("Whip": Ali Bin Oni )**Brujah:** Mildred Sasso (Whip: Ruzty Temple)**Gangrel Rep\***: Bajang ("Whip": Duncan\_Kinross)**Harpy:** **Open****Keeper of Elysium:** **Open****Malkavian:** {Amy} (Whip: Osrel)**Nosferatu:** Seraph Debleiuse (Whip: Ruben Thorne)**Scourge:** Marcus Knight**Sheriff:** Macab al-Qabar**Toreador**: Louis Delacourt (Whip: **Open**)**Tremere**: Sebastian de la Corte (Whip: **Open**)**Ventrue:** Giorgio Clericuzio (Whip: Pia Lucchese) --- **NOTES:** - **Your char may not automatically assume to know the above roster**, unless you have made arrangements to have that knowledge IC, either through RP, or in your background (as a Cammie in good standing coming to Washington armed with contacts from your previous Prince).- **Gangrel are no longer officially Cammie**. Pg. 47, Player's Guide to the Camarilla 3rd Ed. (WW2302) This Rep position is Advisory with Prince's permission IC.- Only **one specific Assamite faction has joined the Camarilla**. 'Mite players must choose a faction. --- **JUSTICARS, ARCHONS & ALASTORS:** - If your character needs to deal with the Justicarate in any manner, speak to Jon or Ice.- We acknowledge and use the NPC Justicars from the WW books, rather than IRC NPC's: **Brujah: Jaroslav Pascek, Malkavian: Maris Streck, Nosferatu: Cock Robin, Toreador: Madame Guil, Tremere: Anastasz di Zagreb, Ventrue: Lucinde.**- The former PC's Inner Council on Dalnet is Disbanded and no longer recognized here.- NPC Archons & Alastors exist in the game, but their identities are not common knowledge. Do not ask to bring one in as a PC. **[BACK TO TOP]** **The Sabbat are primarily based in Baltimore, Maryland, about an hour's drive north of Washington. During 2002-2003 their leadership has been in shambles, losing an ArchBishop with no strong candidates coming to claim her place as of yet. If you wish to play a Sabbat character, do not expect to spend a great deal of time in DC, nor to have a strong base of support even at home, unless you manage to create one through RP. By and large, the Sabbat have cut their own balls out from under themselves and barely keep their foothold anywhere near DC, deservedly so.** **You are welcome to play a Sabbat in this chronicle, but the Kindred focus is Cammie-centric, so be prepared to either be mostly RP'ing salvaging the leadership in Baltimore, being in DC under constant attack, or sitting on the sidelines a lot. This is a result of prior RP, not any indicator of our OOC ST willingness to support the genre.** **[BACK TO TOP]** **There are occasional rebels poking their heads up from time to time, but should they raise too much fuss they may find those heads chopped off. There is no significant Anarch presence in the City, and any who are blatantly defiant of the Law will be punished as the Prince sees fit. You are welcome to run an Anarch PC but understand that IC you are in hostile territory and likely alone or too few to make much of a stand.** **[BACK TO TOP]** **There is a varying degree of acceptance amongst the Independent Clans. For example, the Gangrel and the Assamites enjoy the unusual discretionary privilege of a voice on the Prince's Council, but many other Clans are regarded with anything from indifference to animosity, such as the Giovanni. There is a decent presence of Independent Kindred in Washington, tolerated in direct proportion to their submission to the Law.** **NOTE August 2004: The Giovanni have been outright banned from Washington DC, IC, due to their flagrant violation of the Treaty forged in the Promise of 1528 (see below) by [publicly outing the Ventrue](http://www.digitalgothic.net/Events/News/News7-17-04.htm) this year.** **The cornerstone of the Giovanni Clan's interactions with the rest of Kindred society is the Promise of 1528. After the Cappadocian purge, and subsequent discoveries of others regarding the Giovanni plans to rend the Shroud, the Giovanni found themselves at odds with the Camarilla. Augustus Giovanni decided to withdraw from the Jyhad, and take his Family with him. In the winter of 1528, a selection of Elders, headed by Camarilla founder Rafael de Corazon, met with Claudius Giovanni, Augustus' childe, so that the hostilities between the Camarilla and the Giovanni could be put to rest. The conference lasted 10 nights, at the end of which Claudius Giovanni signed a formal agreement that would keep the Giovanni out of all Kindred affairs. The Giovanni could go about their business unmolested, so long as they kept to themselves, and did not involve themselves in the concerns of other Kindred. Furthermore, every 13 years, a coalition of Elders from the Camarilla Clans would visit Venice, in order to ensure adherence to the Promise.** **[BACK TO TOP]** Territorial Lines (WW 3rd Ed. Canon) (from pgs. 18-19 WW2303 3rd Ed. Sabbat Player's Guide). * **The following cities are specified in WW Canon as designated Camarilla:** * **The following cities are specified in WW Canon as designated Sabbat: *Atlantic City, NJ; Baltimore, MD; Detroit, MI; Mexico City, Mexico; Miami,FL; Montreal, Canada; Philadelphia, PA; Tijuana, Mexico*** * **The following cities are specified in WW Canon as designated Contested or Other: *Atlanta, GA; Boston, MA; Raleigh-Durham, NC; Richmond, VA*** **NB: *Washington, DC is listed as Sabbat; however, since this is in direct conflict with pre-existing RP in this Chronicle, we do not follow that canon and it has been Cam held for some time in this world.*** **[BACK TO TOP]** **-- RESTRICTIONS:** ***Anything that is restricted is legal, but you may encounter an ST Moratorium on running it, for a variety of reasons (usually that players tend to abuse it, play it badly, or that it will almost guarantee the character's immediate death IC).*** ***NPC restrictions mean that you may not play one as anything other than an NPC (meaning a char that the ST's dictate their actions, regardless of who runs it).*** ***PERMANENT RESTRICTION: Aside from the restrictions named below, Kindred and Ghoul PC's must have a background/goals/agenda that will make them easily relevant to the current storyline. Characters that are not meaningful to the storyline or to other PC's will be refused. No lone wolfing it; we do not want you sitting in a bar for 8 weeks until someone thinks to scan your aura or something. Ask the ST's if you need help in this.*** **Restricted Backgrounds**: Age (1 dot only), Fame, City Status (Cam or Clan Status is fair game. City Status is conferred by the current Prince IC, not assumed coming in.) **Forbidden Backgrounds**: Kindred with Law Enforcement, Fed Agent or Military employment AFTER Embrace. **Restricted Character Classes**: Revenants (Ghoul Families), Non-Revenant Sabbat Ghouls (NPC only; in fact technically the Sabbat rarely ghoul, humans are cattle), Thin-Blooded, Dhampir ***NOTE 1-18-04: TEMPORARY RESTRICTION: ALL Ghouls will be a restricted character class until this notice is removed. This is due to extreme difficulty in integrating them into the current setting, so ghouls will be approved on a case by case basis only at the ST's pleasure when a place can be found for them in the Chronicle. Ghouls must have an IC PC Regnant, and we will not accept any more abandoned ghouls as we have found in our player base there are no takers to master them, If you become ghouled through RP however, those will be accepted.*** **Restricted Clans:** ***NOTE (11/19/03): There is a TEMPORARY Moratorium on Clans. Until there is balance in the Sects, we will only be accepting traditional Cammie (Schism Assamite, Brujah, Malks, Nossies, Tories, Tremere, or Ventrue. No Lasombra Antitribu. No Gangrel.) or Sabbat (Lasombra, Tzimisce, Cammie-Antitribu, Panders) Clans until further notice.*** ***This also means no Caitiff, no Anarchs, and no abandoned childer. This restriction will be lifted once we flush out the core ranks of PC's. If you see this notice, it is not yet rescinded, so do not ask if you can have one.*** - **PCs**: Assamites, Giovanni, Lasombra Antitribu, Malkavians ("Clown Malks" or ICP Clones will be refused outright, see below), Settites, Tremere. **Vampire Revised**, page 72: "There's no way to tell a Malkavian apart from the "sane" members of other clans...The Malkavians possess a dark intellect that is often - and increasingly - set to frightening purposes." - **NPC Class Only**: Baali, Cappadocians/Harbingers of Skulls, Kiasyd, Nagaraja, Old Clan Tzimisce, Salubri & Salubri Antitribu, Samedi, Serpents of the Light, True Brujah - Obscure bloodlines mentioned only in passing (be prepared to show where it comes from if we do not know off hand, WW Book # & Page #)) such as Daughters of Cacophony - African Kindred (NPC Only because we are not set up to support them yet) **Forbidden Clans:** - Ravnos, Tremere Antitribu **Restricted Disciplines:** - **In-Clan vs. Out-of-Clan Policy**: Starting PC's are not required to buy dots in all three in-Clan disciplines, but you may not substitute other out-of-Clan Disciplines in their place at Character Creation. When role-played properly, It is extremely hard to convince another vampire to teach you their tricks. Many players do not appreciate this and take it for granted that such a request would have been automatically honoured. You may not start out with Out-of-Clan Disciplines, and during the course of RP you may never have an Out-of-Clan Discipline go higher in dots than your lowest IN CLAN. If you want to play "mix and match", run a Caitiff with the appropriate penalties for such. **NOTE:** You may not use something as "In-Clan" if it was In-Clan in a prior edition and then removed (example: Malks may not have Dominate instead of Dementation). You must provide a most-current up to date 3rd edition source of proof for eligibility to change Disciplines to anything other than default. **- CAITIFF & CHOICE OF DISCIPLINES:** Caitiff may not take disciplines that are clearly difficult to convince another vampire to teach them, such as Thaumaturgy or Serpentis, without proof (logs) of the actual RP with a legally approved PC or NPC teaching it to you You may be assigned corresponding flaws to match, such as being Hunted or Clan Enmity. **Restricted Merits & Flaws**: Child Vampire Flaw, Conspicuous Consumption Flaw, Dark Fate Flaw, certain Psychotic Mental Flaws (case-by-case) **Restricted Paths**: Evil Revelations, Dark Ages Roads **Restricted Sects**: Black Hand (both "False" (Sabbat) & True Black Hand (Manus Nigrum aka TalMaheRa, which is defunct & thereby closed to new players), Sabbat Inquisition. **OTHER RESTRICTIONS**: PC's who come from New York, as it would conflict with prior RP history in this channel. **[BACK TO TOP]** **-- CREATING A V:tM CHARACTER:** Using the Template that you can download ***[HERE,](http://digitalgothic.net/Files/VTM.zip)*** : **1. Player**: Put your name (and preferably also your **email address**). **2. Name:** Put the name of your character. **3. Chronicle:** Put "Washington DC By Night." (or DC By Night or 11th Hour) **4. Channel:** Put "#11thHourOOC" as this is our home channel. **5. Position:** You may not yet have one. Usually a title (Scourge, Prince, etc.) Omit if this does not apply. **6. Nature:** Choose from the list ***HERE (link under construction)***. This is your true Nature, not the face the world sees. This aspect is vital, as you must act in the spirit of your True Nature to regain lost or spent Willpower. **Some temporary sites for help on Nature & Demeanor** **(These are incomplete but decent enough to help):** **<http://www.geocities.com/nsc_obt/overviewN_D.html>** **<http://d.dominodeveloper.net/members/thespiralarms/clubd.nsf/nd?OpenPage>** [**http://www.homestead.com/autarkis/Archetypes.html**](http://www.homestead.com/autarkis/Archetypes.html) **7. Demeanor:** Choose from the same list as #6. Your Demeanor is the face you put on to the world, how you act. Nature and Demeanor must not be the same type. **8. Clan:** Self-Explanatory. **NB: Caitiff and Abandoned Childer** should decide what clan they were sired by blood, as there are mechanisms in the game to determine this, even if they never knew IC. Do not put your chosen clan in the template as the points won't add up right in Disciplines. Just state it in your Background. **9. Embrace Date:** This should be in your background anyway, as you should know your character's true age. At least put a year, if not an actual date. **10. Sire:** If known. Again, Caitiff and Abandoned Childer should at least invent a fictitious Sire for the ST's purposes, even if they don't know the answer IC. Camarilla should never leave this blank. **11. Generation:** Starting Kindred can have down to 8th Generation. The 3rd Edition Template is a little finicky about setting a generation lower than 13th. You have to buy the Generation background first, before it will give you the extra spaces above 5. You need to do this in the Initial Stage, then save it, close it and reopen it. The standard template does not work right for Elder stats (7th Gen & lower), but those would be NPC's anyway (ergo, the ST's problem to worry about, not yours). **Crypt of the Phoenix Link explaining more on Generations: <http://www15.brinkster.com/tvp/vampirelore/Generations.htm>** **12. Haven:** You should decide where your character sleeps. The ST's can help you if you don't know the setting well enough to choose. This should be considered secret information IC, not something just any old PC should be told. **13. Concept:** There is an actual list of concepts ***HERE (link under construction)***. We do realize that some of them may not fit exactly but do the best you can. Concepts are usually a 1-2 word root-level label for who your character is at the core (not in a supernatural sense). Examples might be: Drifter, Intellectual, Party Animal, Politician, Misguided Prophet, Socialite. These are stereotypes and needn't be literal; details would be covered in your background. **Temp Link containing examples of Concepts:** [**http://www.virtualsolarsystem.com/venus/ladynightspirit/Concept.htm**](http://www.virtualsolarsystem.com/venus/ladynightspirit/Concept.htm) **14. Gender:** Self-Explanatory, unless you're playing a trans-gendered character. Then you can either put what they were born as, or what they are now. We don't really care. Just pick one. **15. Apparent Age:** Put the age your character looks like at first glance. **16. Attributes:** You will have 7/5/3 starting dots, to spend in three categories (Physical/Social/Mental) in whatever order most suits your PC (Primary/Secondary/Tertiary). Give thought to spending them according to the kind of person your character is, not what looks neat or what you think you have to have to keep from being killed. ***NB: All Kindred start with 1 dot in every Attribute. Nossies can double click on the dot of App and get rid of it (App 0); you won't be adding any dots after that anyway.*** **17. Abilities (Talents/Skills/Knowledges):** You will have 13/9/5 starting dots. You may not have anything above 3 dots in Initial Stage here. Please do not "Min-Max" either (where you have all your dots in just a couple areas, and nothing anywhere else). Also remember new characters grew up in the modern world. That means it is unlikely you don't know at least a LITTLE Computers and how to Drive. Some may not but you should be able to justify this in the background.* **Temporary Link on Abilities (Current List Only, No "System"):** * **<http://www.pen-paper.net/wod.php?op=abilities>** * **Temporary Link for TALENTS: <http://www.darknexus.com/WhiteWolf/talent.html>** * **Temporary Link for SKILLS: <http://www.darknexus.com/WhiteWolf/skill.html>** * **Temporary Link for KNOWLEDGES: <http://www.darknexus.com/WhiteWolf/knowledge.html>** **NB: Specializations (Attributes and/or Abilities) --** If you have a 4 or higher, you may take a specialization in something, but the bonus rerolling ONLY is done when you are using that specific specialization. Example, if you have an Appearance of 4 and your specialization is "Sexy", you only get the bonus when you are trying to deliberately be "sexy" in your RP. **18. Advantages (Disciplines/Backgrounds/Virtues):** You get 3 starting Discipline dots. You may not have Out-of-Clan Disciplines (except Caitiff, who have only those) as a starting character. You have 5 starting dots for Backgrounds (we highly recommend at least Resources 2 in order to be able to afford to live in DC at all, but you can also buy this up with Freebies.) You have 7 starting dots for your Virtues. **Remember your Frenzy and Rotschreck rolls are based off these stats.** **Humanity = Conscience + Self-Control (Mortal Average is 7). Plan accordingly.** **Temporary Link for Backgrounds (Current List only, no "System"):** [**http://www.pen-paper.net/wod.php?op=backgrounds**](http://www.pen-paper.net/wod.php?op=backgrounds) **Another temporary Link for BACKGROUNDS (Multi-genre, no System):** [**http://www.darknexus.com/WhiteWolf/background.html**](http://www.darknexus.com/WhiteWolf/background.html) **19. Miscellaneous:** You can put notes in here for things that have no other spot, but the space is limited. Things that need explaining, put on your background. **20. Humanity:** Humanity 7 is as humane as your average mortal. The lower this stat, the more in control of you the Beast is. New Sabbat will start off on Humanity unless your background covers that you have been a member for a while, as to become ethically inhuman takes time to process mentally. Humanity 8 and above must be justified in the background and roleplayed accordingly or you will be making rolls to see if you lose it again. This stat affects your down-time if you are torpored, as well as your reading to Shifters in Sense Wyrm. **21. Willpower:** Mortals and young Kindred typically have between 2-5. WP 6-7 can be bought. WP 8 or higher is extremely unusual in a new PC and would want justification, as would the Iron Will Merit. **22. Blood Points:** The Template automatically generates this based on your Generation. Please keep track of when you feed IC as well as when you would supposedly feed IC if an opportunity had been available. Also keep track of BP spent upping your Physical stats or in usage of a Discipline. If you are low please notify an ST. **23. Secondary Abilities:** Please add these in before you switch from Initial to Freebies Stage. The Template crashes if you don't. There is a list of currently approved Secondary Abilities ***HERE (link under construction)***. **(here is a temp link to use to get an idea of some of them and how they relate to primary abilities: <http://www.geocities.com/TimesSquare/1903/vtm/ability.htm>** **Another temp SA link from VOE. Useful in a general sense but do not take as canon and definitely do not use any "house rules" FF junk:** [**http://www.vampyresofeurope.com/chargen/secondaries.htm**](http://www.vampyresofeurope.com/chargen/secondaries.htm) **Here is a link to V:tM LORES (All Lores are Secondary Knowledges; they are not allowed to replace Primaries nor are they under "OCCULT":** [**http://www.livinginafantasy.com/rpgwod/vtm-lores.html**](http://www.livinginafantasy.com/rpgwod/vtm-lores.html) **24. Thaumaturgy and Necromancy:** Only applies if your character has this Discipline (usually Tremere only), otherwise leave blank. Add in Initial Stage as well. **25. Merits & Flaws:** Add in Initial Stage. You may not have more than 7 total points of either Merits or Flaws. Any overages can be adjusted in Freebies stage: if you have more Merits than Flaws, subtract the difference from your Freebies. If you have more Flaws than Merits you may add the difference to your allowed Freebies (obviously only up to 22 total 15+7 Max). There is a list of currently approved Merits & Flaws ***HERE (link under construction)***. **Temp Links to use for Merits & Flaws. The VOE one is incomplete and VTM -centric in coverage; the Pen&Paper one doesn't give details but it DOES give the sourcebook for tons of them in every genre so you know what's currently legal and what isn't.** **<http://www.vampyresofeurope.com/files/play-pack/meritflaws.htm>** [**http://www.pen-paper.net/wod.php?op=meritindex**](http://www.pen-paper.net/wod.php?op=meritindex) **<http://www.blarg.net/~rain/ats/Merits.html>** [**http://www.blarg.net/~rain/ats/Flaws.html**](http://www.blarg.net/~rain/ats/Flaws.html) [**http://darkstone.udic.net/merits.htm**](http://darkstone.udic.net/merits.htm) [**http://www.darknexus.com/WhiteWolf/merit.html**](http://www.darknexus.com/WhiteWolf/merit.html) [**http://www.darknexus.com/WhiteWolf/flaw.html**](http://www.darknexus.com/WhiteWolf/flaw.html) [**http://www.geocities.com/Paris/Parc/2606/mf.html**](http://www.geocities.com/Paris/Parc/2606/mf.html) **26. Notes/Extras/Other:** If you need space for miscellaneous things. ***After you make your first pass through, go back and spend your 15 (+ Overages) Freebie Points. Make sure you have chosen your Merits & Flaws, & Secondary Abilities, and added any notes to Miscellaneous, prior to switching to Freebies stage.*** USEFUL BOOK REFERENCES: **Character Creation:** WW2300 103-104 **Sabbat:** WW2303 Pages 81-85 **Caitiff:** WW2302 Pages 54-55 **Abilities:** WW2300 Pages 119-129 **Secondary Abilities:** WW2302 Pages 67-72, also WW2301 Pages 15-31 Attributes, WW2300 Pages 115-119 **Natures & Demeanors:** pgs. 112-115, also Guide to Cam WW2302 Pages 66-67 **WHO APPROVES YOUR SHEET/WHO IS KINDRED ST?:** **Kindred of all Clans: Ice, Jon** **Ghouls: Jon, Ice** **Revenants: Jon** **[BACK TO TOP]** **"*Evil is a point of view. God kills indiscriminately and so shall we. For no creatures under God are as we are, none so like him as ourselves*. " - Lestat de Lioncourt, Anne Rice's "*Interview With A Vampire*"** **VAMPIRE SOURCEBOOKS IN USE:** | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **White Wolf #** | **Title** | **ISBN #** | **Content Notes** | | **WW5399** | World of Darkness: Time of Judgment (**March 2004**) | ISBN: 1-58846-475-X | CtD/DtF/HtR/KOTE/MtR | | **WW2020** | The Inquisition (1995) (Year of the Hunter) | ISBN: 1-56504-228-X | V:tM & H:tR crossover. 2nd Ed. but has not been superceded. Society of Leopold. Released as a V:tM Sourcebook. | | **WW2021** | Ghouls: Fatal Addiction (1997) (2nd Ed) | ISBN: 1-56504-230-1 | 2nd Ed. but has not been superceded. | | **WW2023** | Children of the Night (May 1999) (Official PDF EBook) | ISBN: 1-56504-244-1 | Justicars, Archons, key princes, bishops, pack priests, Sabbat cardinals and prisci, and an inscrutable Inconnu or two. | | **WW2024** | Revelations of the Dark Mother (Nov. 1998) ***(Out of Print)*** | ISBN: 1-56504-237-9 | Lilith, The Bahari | | **WW2096** | Giovanni Chronicles III: The Sun Has Set (1998) (BLACK DOG) | ISBN: 1-56504-258-1 | Presumed to be V:TM not V:tDA? (No info available) | | **WW2097** | Giovanni Chronicles IV: Nuova Malattia (1999) (BLACK DOG) | ISBN: 1-56504-252-2 | Resolves the mysterious ending of The Sun Has Set, including the significance of the sought-after Sargon Fragment. | | **WW2098** | The Giovanni Saga 1 (2000) (BLACK DOG) | ISBN: 1-56504-253-0 | V:tDA. Use **only as background** for GC IV. Supercedes out-of-print first 2 parts of the Giovanni Chronicles: The Last Supper (WW2090 1995) & Blood and Fire (WW2091 1996). | | **WW2101** | Time of Thin Blood (1999) (Year of the Reckoning) ***(Out of Print)*** | ISBN: 1-56504-245-X | 14th/15th Generation Kindred | | **WW2106** | Blood Magic: Secrets of Thaumaturgy (2000) ***(Out of Print)*** | ISBN: 1-56504-246-8 | Expanded info on Thaumaturgy | | **WW2203** | Chicago by Night: The Faceless City (Feb. 1995) | ISBN: 1-56504-051-1 | Chicago, Prince Lodin & the Succubus Club (See Also: WW2409 2003) | | **WW2207** | The Anarch Cookbook: A Friendly Guide to Vampire Politics (Feb. 1995) | ISBN: 1-56504-048-1 | See Also: WW2424. 2nd Ed. but has not been superceded as of 2004. | | **WW2209** | New Orleans By Night (1995) ***(Out of Print)*** | ISBN: 1-56504-096-1 | 2nd Ed. but has not been superceded as of 2004. | | **WW2210** | Los Angeles by Night: Unlife and Death in the Anarch Free States (Feb. 1995) | ISBN: 1-56504-130-5 | 2nd Ed. but has not been superceded as of 2004. | | **WW2211** | DC By Night (1995) | ISBN: 1-56504-130-5 | 2nd Ed. but has not been superceded as of 2004. | | **WW2214** | Berlin by Night (Feb. 1995) | ISBN: 1-56504-075-9 | 2nd Ed. but has not been superceded as of 2004. | | **WW2216** | Montreal By Night (1997) | ISBN: 1-56504-224-7 | 2nd Ed. but has not been superceded as of 2004. | | **WW2223** | Gypsies (To Times Undreamed Of) | ISBN : 1-56-504136-4 | Gypsies is 1st Ed. We have converted them to Sorcerer for Crossover compatibility. Issued as a V:tM Sourcebook. | | **WW2228** | **World of Darkness: Mafia** (June 2002) | ISBN: 1-58846-226-9 | Mafia in the WOD | | **WW2230** | **The Kindred Most Wanted** (1994) / (March 1997) | ISBN: 1-56504-124-0 | The Red List | | **WW2232** | Prince's Primer (April 1996) | ISBN: 1-56504-201-8 | 2nd Ed. but has not been superceded as of 2004. V:tM & MET. Examines Kindred politics. | | **WW2233** | **"Elysium: Elder Wars"** (1994) ***(Out of Print)*** | ISBN: 1-56504-155-0 | Sourcebook for running Cam. Elder chars. Includes original Elder creation rules (referenced in Dirty Secrets of the Black Hand). 2nd Ed. but has not been superceded as of 2004. | | **WW2234** | **Chicago Chronicles Vol. 1 (No further info available)** | ISBN: | No info Available | | **WW2235** | **Chicago Chronicles Vol. 2**: Under A Blood Red Moon, Chicago By Night (2nd Ed.) (1996) | ISBN: 1-56504-220-4 | Supercedes WW2203 (1993) & WW3102 (1993: W:tA crossover) | | **WW2236** | **Chicago Chronicles Vol. 3:** Milwaukee by Night, Ashes to Ashes, Blood Bond (March 1997) | ISBN: 1-56504-221-2 | Supercedes. WW2105 (1992), WW2102 (1991) & WW2103 (1991) | | **WW2251** | **The Book of Nod** (Jan. 1996) | ISBN: 1-56504-078-3 | Prophecies of Caine, Kindred Myths, Lilith, Gehenna | | **WW2265** | Nights of Prophecy (2000) (The Year of Revelations) ***(Out of Print)*** | ISBN: 1-56504-229-8 | Baba Yaga, Kuei-Jin, Chicago, Supplements | | **WW2300** | Vampire: the Masquerade Revised (3rd Edition) (1999) | ISBN: 1-56504-249-2 | V:tM Core Book | | **WW2301** | Vampire Storytellers Companion and Screen Revised (1998) | ISBN: 1-56504-259-9 | Extra Bloodlines, Weapons, Disciplines | | **WW2302** | Guide to the Camarilla (Feb. 1999) | ISBN: 1-56504-261-1 | Clans, Disciplines, Sects | | **WW2303** | Guide to the Sabbat (1999) | ISBN: 1-56504-263-8 | Clans, Disciplines, Sects. Supercedes WW2225 (1993) | | **WW2304** | Vampire Storytellers Handbook Revised (2000) ***(Out of Print)*** | ISBN: 1-56504-264-6 | Expanded ST Info | | **WW2305** | Vampire Players' Guide (2003) | ISBN: 1-58846-243-9 | Expanded Player Info. Supercedes WW2206 (1993) | | **WW2351** | Clanbook: Brujah, Revised Ed. (2000) | ISBN: 1-56504-267-0 | Supercedes WW2051 (1992) | | **WW2352** | Clanbook: Gangrel, Revised Ed. (2000) | ISBN: 1-56504-265-4 | Supercedes WW2052 (1993) | | **WW2353** | Clanbook: Malkavian, Revised Ed. (2000) | ISBN: 1-56504-268-9 | Superceds WW2053 (1993) | | **WW2354** | Clanbook: Nosferatu, Revised Ed. (2000) | ISBN: 1-56504-266-2 | Supercedes WW2054 (1993) | | **WW2356** | Clanbook: Toreador, Revised Ed. (2000) | ISBN: 1-56504-269-7 | Supercedes WW2056 (1994) | | **WW2357** | Clanbook: Tremere, Revised Ed. (2000) ***(Out of Print)*** | ISBN: 1-56504-254-9 | Supercedes WW2057 (1994) | | **WW2358** | Clanbook: Ventrue, Revised Ed. (2000) | ISBN: 1-56504-255-7 | Supercedes WW2058 (1994) | | **WW2359** | Clanbook: Assamite, Revised Ed. (2000) | ISBN: 1-56504-256-5 | Superceds WW2059 (1995) | | **WW2360** | Clanbook: Followers of Set, Revised Ed. (2001) | ISBN: 1-58846-204-8 | Supercedes Clanbook: Setites WW2060 (1995) | | **WW2361** | Clanbook: Tzimisce, Revised Ed. (2001) | ISBN: 1-58846-202-1 | Supercedes WW2061 (!995) | | **WW2362** | Clanbook: Lasombra, Revised Ed. (2001) | ISBN: 1-58846-201-3 | Supercedes WW2062 (1996) | | **WW2363** | Clanbook: Giovanni, Revised Ed. (2001) | ISBN: 1-58846-207-2 | Supercedes WW2063 (1997) | | **WW2364** | Clanbook: Ravnos, Revised Ed. (2001) | ISBN: 1-58846-209-9 | Supercedes WW2064 (1997) | | **WW2400** | Eternal Hearts (**Black Dog Novella**) (2003) | ISBN: 1-56504-205-0 | "The final nights have drawn Lucita, Sascha Vykos, Victoria Ash, the Society of Leopold & many others to Washington, D.C.," | | **WW2409** | Succubus Club: Dead Mans Party (June 2003) | ISBN: 1-58846-240-4 | Chicago: Kindred Social supplement | | **WW2410** | Cairo by Night (2001) | ISBN: 1-58846-215-3 | Cairo Sourcebook, also "Caitiff Prince" of Cairo | | **WW2411** | New York by Night (Sept. 2001) ***(Out of Print)*** | ISBN: 1-58846-218-8 | Sabbat lost NYC; rebuilding by the Cam Supercedes NYBN 2nd Ed. w/ Garou & Sabbat) | | **WW2412** | Mexico City by Night (Aug. 2002) | ISBN: 1-58846-228-5 | Since the dawn of the New World, Mexico City has been the bastion of the Sword of Caine... | | **WW2420** | Gilded Cage, The (2001) | ISBN: 1-58846-216-1 | Cities: "A handbook of politics and treachery, The Gilded Cage explores how it is that the Kindred make places for themselves." | | **WW2421** | Sins of the Blood (2001) | ISBN: 1-58846-217-X | Blood cults, ideological heresies, autarkis, etc. Partially superceds WW2005 1992 & WW2010 (!993) | | **WW2422** | Midnight Siege (2001) | ISBN: 1-58846-219-6 | Conflict between the Camarilla and Sabbat in a real-world sense. | | **WW2423** | Blood Sacrifice: The Thaumaturgy Companion (2002) | ISBN: 1-58846-222-6 | Expanded information on non-traditional Thaumaturgy | | **WW2424** | Guide to the Anarchs (Feb. 2002) | ISBN: 1-58846-223-4 | Politics of undead reform, from fist-shaking iconoclasts to reasoned intellectuals and everyone in between. | | **WW2425** | Archons & Templars (2002) | ISBN: 1-58846-224-2 | Archons & Templars allows players to assume the roles of prestigious Cainites in the Great Jyhad. | | **WW2426** | Havens of the Damned (2002) | ISBN: 1-58846-225-0 | A folio of interesting havens | | **WW2427** | State of Grace (2002) (Year of the Damned) | ISBN: 1-58846-234-X | Kindred with Faith (of various religions) | | **WW2428** | Caine's Chosen: The Black Hand (Jan. 2003) | ISBN: 1-58846-236-6 | Martial Arm of the Sabbat, or Gehenna Cult? Supercedes Dirty Secrets of the Black Hand (WW2006 1994) | | **WW2429** | Counsel of Primogen (March 2003) | ISBN: 1-58846-237-4 | Expanded info on Primogen | | **WW2430** | Lair of the Hidden (Aug. 11th, 2003) (Time of Judgement) | ISBN: 1-58846-242-0 | Carpathia & the Inconnu | | **WW2431** | The Red Sign (2003) (Time of Judgement) | ISBN: 1-58846-245-5 | M:tA & V:tM TOJ Crossover: Kindred & Mages conspire to break Caine's Curse | | **WW2432** | Chaining the Beast (July 2003) | ISBN: 1-58846-241-2 | Paths of Enlightenment in detail (Non-Humanity) | | **WW2440** | Encyclopaedia Vampirica (2002) | ISBN: 1-58846-227-7 | Primer of Kindred | | **WW2441** | Kindred of the Ebony Kingdom (May 2003) | ISBN: 1-58846-239-0 | New African Clans: Laibon, Guruhi, Naglopers, Akunanse | | **WW2460** | Ventrue Chronicles (Dec. 2003) | ISBN: 1-58846-244-7 | Created in the spirit of the Giovanni Chronicles series, The Ventrue Chronicle focuses on the trials and tribulations of a single clan. | | **WW2470** | Victorian Age: Vampire (2003) | ISBN: 1-58846-229-3 | **NOT a Dark Ages module.** 19th Century Setting for V:tM | | **WW2471** | London By Night (Nov. 2002) | ISBN: 1-58846-230-7 | Supplement for Victorian Age: Vampire. Prince Mithras. | | **WW2472** | Victorian Age Companion (April 2003) | ISBN: 1-58846-238-2 | Information and rules for Victorian-era Abilities and Backgrounds, and the bloodlines of the era | | **WW2624** | Cities of Darkness Vol. 3 (2003) | ISBN: 1-56504-235-2 | Supercedes previously out-of-print Dark Colony (WW2212 1993) and Alien Hunger (WW2100 1991). Denver & New England By Night | | **WW2814** | Transylvania Chronicles IV: The Dragon Ascendant (2000) | ISBN: 1-56504-293-X | V:tm & V:tDA Crossover. Concluding story begun 4 years ago in Dark Tides Rising. Resolves 800-year-old feud between 2 of the most evil minds in the WOD. (SA: WW2813 TC III, | | **WW2818** | Erciyes Fragments (Nov. 1998) ***(Out of Print)*** | ISBN: 1-56504-237-9 | More Gehenna & Book of Nod type stuff | | **WW2832** | Veil of Night (Year of the Scarab) | ISBN: 1-58846-206-4 | Guide to the medieval Islamic world & the Cainites who rule its nights. VtM/MtR crossover | | **WW2999** | Gehenna (Jan. 2004) (Time of Judgement) | ISBN: 1-58846-246-3 | Gehenna brings about the conclusion of vampires World of Darkness. (Ending at ST Discretion) | | **WW4046** | Blood Treachery (2000) (The Year of Revelations) | ISBN: 1-56504-409-6 | V:tM & M:tA Crossover. OOH Versus Tremere. Ghoul & revenant mages, the original development of House Tremere and its secret expatriates in the Orders House Tytalus. | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **WW6008** | The Quick and the Dead (1995) (The Year of The Hunter) | ISBN:1-56504-613-7 | W:tO - V:tM - H:tR & Mortal Crossover. Relationships between Wraiths & the living. Introduces Ghost Hunters | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **WW6200** | Necropolis: Atlanta (1994) | ISBN:1-56504-164-X | V:tM & W:tO Crossover. | **[BACK TO TOP]** ***"One thing about living in Santa Carla I never could stomach; all the damn vampires."*** **-- Grandpa, "The Lost Boys" (1987)** **\*\*NOTE: *A PC may not assume to know the "aura" or reading of a Vampire until they have earned this knowledge IC, via RP, buying Kindred Lore, or info from an approved background. Otherwise, they may see the reading as stated, but it has no meaning to them.*** **[BACK TO TOP]** **"*How do we seem to you? Do you find us beautiful, magical? Our white skin, our fierce eyes? 'Drink,' you ask me; do you have any idea of the thing you will become?*" - Louis de Pointe du Lac in Anne Rice's "*Interview With A Vampire*"** **VAMPIRE THEMED MEDIA:** **BOOKS:** "The Vampire Chronicles" by Anne Rice, "Dracula" by Bram Stoker, "[I Am Legend](http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/031286504X/103-8347726-3323003?v=glance)" by Richard Matheson (1954), The Harry Potter Series, "Lost Souls" by Poppy Z. Brite, "Blood Is Not Enough" Anthology edited by Ellen Datlow, Day of the Jackal [Assamite/Assassin mentality], "[Bloodwar: The Masquerade Of The Red Death](http://www.robertweinberg.net/reddeath.htm)" by Robert Weinberg **MOVIES:** [Near Dark](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0093605/), The Lost Boys, The Hunger, Blade I & II, Highlander I (Immortals & their "Masquerade"), Fright Night, Salem's Lot, Lifeforce , Vampire Hunter D (**Kyûketsuki)** (somewhat KOTE), [Countess Dracula](http://us.imdb.com/title/tt0065580/), [Dracula](http://us.imdb.com/title/tt0051554/) ('58), [Dracula A.D. 1972](http://us.imdb.com/title/tt0068505/), [The Omega Man](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0067525/) **MUSIC:** "Bloodletting" by Concrete Blonde, "Night Moves" by Marilyn Martin, "After Dark" by Blue Oyster Cult, "[Blessed Are You](http://www.darklyrics.com/lyrics/icedearth/somethingwickedthiswaycomes.html#10)" & "[Dracula](http://www.darklyrics.com/lyrics/icedearth/horrorshow.html#9)" by Iced Earth **POETRY**: "[The Vampire](http://www.geocities.com/mahtezcatpoc/baudelaire-vampire.html)" by Charles Baudelaire, "[The Vampire](http://www.geocities.com/mahtezcatpoc/kipling-vampire.html)" by Rudyard Kipling **TELEVISION:** Buffy The Vampire Slayer, Dark Shadows, Forever Knight, [Hellsing](http://www.evasource.net/hellsing/) (& another [Hellsing](http://reviews.megkazul.net/reviews/hellsing.html) Link), "Kindred: The Embraced" (1995) **THEATER:** **VIDEO GAMES:** [Vampire: the Masquerade - Redemption](http://games.activision.com/games/vampire/) **[BACK TO TOP]** Quintessential V:tM Archetypes in Media & Myth:* **Hannibal Lecter: the perfect Malkavian (with shades of Ventrue)** * **The gang (David, Star, etc.) from "*Lost Boys*": Brujah** * **Louis from "*Interview With A Vampire*": Toreador (in attitude)** * **Drusilla from "*Buffy*": Oracular Ability Merit in use** * **Severen in "*Near Dark*": poss. Brujah, if not outright Anarch or shades of Sabbat** * **Malfoy & House Slitherin in "*Harry Potter*": Tremere (in attitude)** **[BACK TO TOP]** **"*Ah, come now. I look like an angel, but I'm not. The old rules of nature encompass many creatures like me. We're beautiful like the diamond-backed snake, or the striped tiger, yet we're merciless killers*."** **--- Lestat, "*Tale of the Body Thief*"** **LINKS TO VAMPIRE RELATED WEB SITES:** | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | [**Click to subscribe to Assamite**](http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Assamite/join) | [**Click to subscribe to 11thHourBrujah**](http://groups.yahoo.com/group/11thHourBrujah/join) | [**Click to subscribe to 11thHourGangrel**](http://groups.yahoo.com/group/11thHourGangrel/join) | | **[Click to subscribe to 11thHourSewers](http://groups.yahoo.com/group/11thHourSewers/join)** **(Nossies)** | [**Click to subscribe to 11thHourCouncil**](http://groups.yahoo.com/group/11thHourCouncil/join) **(Primogen)** | [**Click to subscribe to 11thHourSabbat**](http://groups.yahoo.com/group/11thHourSabbat/join) | | [**Click to subscribe to 11thHourTremere**](http://groups.yahoo.com/group/11thHourTremere/join) | [**Click to subscribe to 11thTalMaheRa**](http://groups.yahoo.com/group/11thTalMaheRa/join) **(True Black Hand / Manus Nigrum / Tal'Mahe'Ra)** | | [**Click to subscribe to 11thHourVentrue**](http://groups.yahoo.com/group/11thHourVentrue/join) | **Abomination NPCs Index: <http://www.pen-paper.net/wod.php?op=npc&npctypeid=26>** **Assamites - Clanbook Assamite Review (with helpful comments containing basic Clan info): <http://www.rpg.net/news+reviews/reviews/rev_3726.html>** **Assamites - Another Clanbook Review with helpful comments: <http://www.realms.org.uk/cms/articles/clanbookassamite>** **Assamites - Genealogy of the Assamites: <http://vampirerpg.free.fr/Genealogy/Assamite.html>** **Assamites - OnyxFlame's OWBN Assamite Site: <http://clans.owbn.org/assamite/>** **Assamites - Overview of Clan Assamite: <http://roswell.fortunecity.com/seance/500/v.tm/clans/assamite.html>** **Assamites - OWBN Assamite FAQ (helpful info but not canon here): <http://clans.owbn.org/assamite/ooc/faq.html>** **Assamites - Storytelling for Assamites: <http://www.assamites.com/storytelling.htm>** **Camarilla.org Kindred Lores (not Tabletop Canon but useful for perspective): <http://www.central.camarilla.org.uk/Documents/ca-lores.htm>** **Dhampir (Child of a 15th Gen & A Mortal) (Overview, not canon): <http://www.fataladdiction.com/dhampir.html>** **Dhampirs: <http://www.geocities.com/roleplayingheroes/idhampyr.htm#dhampir>** **Diablerie Information: <http://www.homestead.com/autarkis/Diablerie.html>** **Dracula - The Myth of Dracula (article by Linda Casselman): <http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/mythology/83076>** **Endless Knot General Char Creation Page (NB: This is SECOND ED. but contains some helpful information and commentary that new players may need): <http://www.endlessknot.com/~xenzie/vamplinks.html>** **Endless Night / Black Xion Goth Fetish Occult & Vampire Fest: <http://endlessnight.com/>** **Ex-Vampires (Mortals) NPCs Index: <http://www.pen-paper.net/wod.php?op=npc&npctypeid=7>** **Ghoul NPCs Index: <http://www.pen-paper.net/wod.php?op=npc&npctypeid=9>** **Giovanni - Unofficial Giovanni Web Site: <http://www.geocities.com/TimesSquare/Labyrinth/2347/>** **HTTP Resources for V:tM (Sorted By Server): <http://vampirerpg.free.fr/http-byserver.html>** **Kindred Academy's Vampire Terminology (Sort of a Lexicon): <http://www.geocities.com/kindredacademy/terms.html>** **Lasombra "Anti-Tribu" Page: <http://members.tripod.com/~Horne/index.html>** **LizardSoup's Vampire Traits Page (*Good Cheat Sheet for some character creation stats*): <http://www.lizardsoup.net/html/vampire/traits.htm>** **MercyGround (A DC By Night MUSH (May be defunct)): <http://www.mercyground.org/>** **Neurondancer's V:tM FAQ:** **[http://www.geocities.com/vtmfaq/](http://www.geocities.com/vtmfaq/#saulot)** **Nossies - Overview of Clan Nosferatu: <http://www.angelfire.com/de/SolitaryAsylum/nosferatu.html>** **Nossies - Unofficial SchreckNet Yahoo Group: <http://groups.yahoo.com/group/SchreckNET/>** **Paris By Night Char Creation Notes (helpful as V:tM cheat sheet): <http://www.geocities.com/parisbynightfriends/tech/charcreation.html>** **Path of Blood, The (Assamite-centric Fiction): <http://www.thepathofblood.com/selectpobfiction.php>** **Patman's Clan Assamite Page: <http://www.patman.org/wod/clans/assamite.asp>** **Patman's Genealogy of Kindred (WW Canon): <http://www.patman.org/wod/genealogy/wodgenealogy.asp>** **Patman's Clan Tzimisce Page (Including Ghoul Info): <http://www.patman.org/wod/clans/tzimisce.asp>** **Predaphile's Kindred & KOTE Page: <http://www.geocities.com/predaphile/wod-kote-n-kindred.html>** **Ravnos - Clan Ravnos Archives: <http://www.geocities.com/Area51/Shadowlands/9474/>** **The REAL Prince Dracula: <http://www.royalty.nu/Europe/Balkan/Dracula.html>** **Revenants - (Self Sustaining Ghouls) (Overview, not canon): <http://www.fataladdiction.com/revenant.html>** **Timeline for V:tM (Unverified) to year 2000: <http://www.gehenna.org.uk/~dirk/timeline/vamptime.htm>** **Timeline of the World of Darkness: <http://www.solarscribe.com/alamut/wodtime-1.html>** **Toreadors.com: <http://www.toreadors.com/>** **Tremere Virtual Chantry: <http://www.iit.edu/~lance/tremere/>** **Ventrue.com: <http://www.ventrue.com/>** **Wilhelm's List of Elder Kindred (stops at 1998): <http://www.geocities.com/Area51/Chamber/6209/elders.html>** **[BACK TO TOP]** ![](http://digitalgothic.net/Rules/bar.jpg) [![](http://digitalgothic.net/Rules/timeofjudgment.jpg)](http://www.timeofjudgment.com) --- **All Gaming Sourcebooks & Materials for this campaign are** **© 1990-2005 White Wolf Publishing, Inc. All rights reserved.** ---       ![](vampirerules_files/sitestats.gif) ![sitestats](http://digitalgothic.net/cgi-bin/sitestats.gif?p=http%3A%2F%2Fdigitalgothic.net%2FRules%2Fvampirerules.htm;r=-;t=3804;)

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PERSONAL</a></font></td></tr></table> <table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 bgcolor="#000000"><tr><td><font size=4> <li><a href="/faq.html">Scihobb FAQ</a> (Frequently Asked Questions)</font></td></tr></table> </ul> </font></td> <td width=260 align=right valign=top summary="google ad"> <pre> </pre> <SCRIPT type='text/javascript' language='JavaScript' src='http://xslt.alexa.com/site_stats/js/s/a?amzn_id=sciencehobbyist&url=amasci.com'></SCRIPT> <br> <script src="//t1.extreme-dm.com/f.js" id="eXF-beatywj-0" async defer></script> <div id="webutation-badge"> <script type="text/javascript"> (function() { window.domain = 'amasci.com'; function async_load(){ var s = document.createElement('script'); s.type = 'text/javascript'; s.async = true; var p = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://' : 'http://'); s.src = p+'www.webutation.net/js/load_badge.js'; var x = document.getElementById('webutation-link'); x.parentNode.insertBefore(s, x); } if (window.attachEvent) window.attachEvent('onload', async_load); else window.addEventListener('load', async_load, false); })(); </script> <a id="webutation-link" href="http://www.webutations.info" rel="nofollow">Webutation</a></div> </td><td valign=top></td> </tr> </table> </center> <ul> <table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 bgcolor="#000000"><tr><td><font size=5> <li><a href="/unew.html"> GOOD STUFF</a></font></td></tr></table> <table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 bgcolor="#000000"><tr><td><font size=5> <li><a href="/news.html"> NEW STUFF</a></font></td></tr></table> <table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 bgcolor="#000000"><tr><td><font size=5> <li><a href="/search.html"> SEARCH</a></font></td></tr></table> <a href="http://www.anybrowser.org/campaign/"><img vspace=10 hspace=10 align=right width=88 height=31 alt="[Best viewed with ANY BROWSER!]" src="/graphics/anybrows.gif"></a> </ul> </font> </td> <td valign=top> </td></tr></table> </center> <br><p> <pre> </pre> On WWW since Sept, 1994 <br clear=all> <hr align="left" title="Answering science questions" width=800> <table width=100%><tr><td width=800 bgcolor="#000000"><font size=4> I've had to temporarily give up answering science questions. Too many at once, I'm backed up by weeks! (I read it all immediately, just cannot answer.) Try <a href="/sc/kidquest.html">Science Questions</a> instead. Or see some of my <a href="/amateur/answers1.html">Answers</a> - Bill Beaty </font></td><td></td></tr></table> <hr align="left" title="Webpage Statistics" width=800> <a href="/stats/">Stats for all pages</a> <br><p> <pre> bill beatty amascicom wwwamascicom "Free website" services: <a href="http://www.aptohosting.com/" rel="nofollow">Free websites</a> APTO <a href="http://www.freewebs.com" rel="nofollow">Freewebs</a> <a href="http://www.homestead.com" rel="nofollow">Homestead</a> <a href="http://www.yola.com" rel="nofollow">Yola</a> <a href="http://www.tripod.com" rel="nofollow">Tripod</a> (50 meg, cgi) Do you lack WWW access? Try web-to-email gateways! some info is at: <font size=2> http://www.bellanet.org/email.html http://www.noodlebug.demon.co.uk/nuggets/inetmail.htm</font> </pre> <b>OLD LINKS GONE BAD?</b> Try <a href="http://archive.org" rel="nofollow">http://archive.org</a>, "The Wayback Machine" It offers billions of old websites and<br> even some of the graphics. But it's not searchable. You have to know the URL of the old site. <br>Hint: add the following to the front of any URL you want to find... <blockquote> http://web.archive.org/web/*/<br> </blockquote> <pre> </pre> <center> <table bgcolor="#000000"><tr><td> <center> <font size=3> <table bordercolor="#FFFFFF" border=3 bgcolor="#000000"><tr><td> <center> <font size=3> <b>HOSTED BY</b>:<a href="http://www.eskimo.com" rel="nofollow"> <img alt="[banner ad for my ISP]" width=273 height=52 align=absmiddle border=0 src="http://www.eskimo.com/img/link/eskiplain.gif"></a><br> Try this ISP: <a href="http://www.eskimo.com" rel="nofollow">eskimo.com</a> for inexpensive access to Unix shell, Perl scripts,<br> secure commerce server, IRC, MUDs, and all newsgroups.<br> FYI: see the <a href="http://www.eskimo.com/general/history.html" rel="nofollow">history</a> behind the name eskimo.com </center> </td></tr></table> <br> <a href="/"> http://amasci.com</a> in Seattle, Washington, USA<br> <a href="https://electricatechnology.com">Electrica Technology Inc.</a> and <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/65628333/">Linkedin</a><br> Created and maintained by <a href="/billb.html">Bill Beaty</a>. <a href="/amfrm"> <img border=0 height=19 width=141 src="/graphics/abcb.gif" alt="[email addr is billb * eskimodot sea oh emm]" ></a>.<br><br> Best if viewed with <a href="http://www.anybrowser.org/campaign/" rel="nofollow">ANY Browser.</a> </center> </td></tr></table> </center> <script src="http://www.google-analytics.com/urchin.js" type="text/javascript"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> _uacct = "UA-101029-1"; urchinTracker(); </script> <center>  <script type="text/javascript"> var sc_project=10408414; var sc_invisible=0; var sc_security="00267183"; var scJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? 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<title>Internet Statistics: Web Growth, Internet Growth</title> <body bgcolor=#000088 text=#ffffff link=#ffff00 vlink=#ffffaa> <h1 align=center>Internet Statistics</h1> <h2 align=center>Growth and Usage of the Web and the Internet</h2> <center> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0 align=center> <tr><td align=center><a href="web-growth-summary.html"><img src=wgrowth-s.jpg border=0 alt="Web Growth Summary"></a></td><td align=center><a href="internet-growth-summary.html"><img src=igrowth-s.jpg alt="Internet Growth Summary" border=0></a></td></tr><tr><td align=center><a href="web-growth-data.html"><img src=wgrowth.jpg border=0 alt="Web Growth Data"></a></td><td align=center><a href="internet-growth-raw-data.html"><img src=igrowth.jpg alt="Internet Growth Data" border=0></a></td></tr><tr><td align=center><a href="terminology.html"><img src=termin.jpg border=0 alt="Terminology"></a></td><td align=center><a href="background.html"><img src=candb.jpg alt="Credits & Background" border=0></a></td></tr> </table> </center> <h2 align=center>Introduction</h2> Want to know how big the Internet is? How fast is it growing? Will it ever stop? These pages are meant to be a collection of Internet statistics in one place. A good bit of this, especially the web growth data, was researched by me personally. Other information is credited appropriately on the individual pages. <p> <strong>If you want to publish these statistics in any form</strong>, you are granted permission under the conditions that, if the data originated with me, you include explicit credit to "Matthew Gray of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology". This includes permission to include in newspaper, magazine, newsletter and journal articles, presentations, memos, web sites, and marketing material, assuming proper credit is given. You are not required to notify me of your use of this data, but feel free to <a href="contact.html">let me know</a>. <a href="../bio.html">A more detailed bio for me</a> is also available. <p> In the cases where I am <strong>not</strong> the original source of the data, you must seek permission elsewhere. <p> Feel free to contact me at mkgray@mit.edu, but please read the <a href="contact.html">contact</a> page before doing so to assure best use of our time. <p> <strong><font size=+1>Printing these pages:</font></strong> An <a href="printable">identical version of these pages, but without a white font</a>, such that it will print out, is available. <p> The <a href="/people/mkgray/growth/">older version</a> of the growth report</a> is still available as well. <hr> Copyright 1996, <a href=/people/mkgray/>Matthew Gray</a> This page has been hit <img src="/cgi/counter/mkgray-growth-page"> times since it's debut on Jun 20, 1996, an average of <img src=/cgi/perday/mkgray-growth-page> hits per day.

Internet Statistics: Web Growth, Internet Growth # Internet Statistics ## Growth and Usage of the Web and the Internet | | | | --- | --- | | [Web Growth Summary](web-growth-summary.html) | [Internet Growth Summary](internet-growth-summary.html) | | [Web Growth Data](web-growth-data.html) | [Internet Growth Data](internet-growth-raw-data.html) | | [Terminology](terminology.html) | [Credits & Background](background.html) | ## Introduction Want to know how big the Internet is? How fast is it growing? Will it ever stop? These pages are meant to be a collection of Internet statistics in one place. A good bit of this, especially the web growth data, was researched by me personally. Other information is credited appropriately on the individual pages. **If you want to publish these statistics in any form**, you are granted permission under the conditions that, if the data originated with me, you include explicit credit to "Matthew Gray of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology". This includes permission to include in newspaper, magazine, newsletter and journal articles, presentations, memos, web sites, and marketing material, assuming proper credit is given. You are not required to notify me of your use of this data, but feel free to [let me know](contact.html). [A more detailed bio for me](../bio.html) is also available. In the cases where I am **not** the original source of the data, you must seek permission elsewhere. Feel free to contact me at mkgray@mit.edu, but please read the [contact](contact.html) page before doing so to assure best use of our time. **Printing these pages:** An [identical version of these pages, but without a white font](printable), such that it will print out, is available. The [older version](/people/mkgray/growth/) of the growth report is still available as well. --- Copyright 1996, [Matthew Gray](/people/mkgray/) This page has been hit ![](/cgi/counter/mkgray-growth-page) times since it's debut on Jun 20, 1996, an average of ![](/cgi/perday/mkgray-growth-page) hits per day.

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font-size:16pt;"><strong>A</strong></span><span class="style18" style="font-family:Georgia; "> </span><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">little girl called Amelia, full of spirit and life</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">Was taken from us after a long and brave fight</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">Her curly locks of hair, her eyes a vibrant blue</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">Her smile so wide, but she was taken too soon</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">She’s gone from our eyes, but her spirit lives on</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">A little Ray of Sunshine and boy how she shone</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:8.0pt; "> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">We would climb every  mountain and rainbow high</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">If we could see her again and say hello, not goodbye</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">The silence in the house is so loud to bear</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">Every sound that we hear, a glimmer of hope is there</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">That she is not far away, just a moment away</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">That we can hold out our hand and see you again</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">We miss you so much, your laughter and fun</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">Our Little Ray of Sunshine, will live on forever more</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">This I believe and that’s for sure</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt; "> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">In the arms of the Angels now, no more illness and pain</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">To be able to run with the wind in the sunshine once again</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">Heaven doesn’t just want old people to share this place</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">It needs the free spirit of children to full up the space</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">And now you are there, heaven is even more a special place</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">As you will shine like the stars, with your spirit and grace</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">Our village will not be the same now you are gone</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">But our Little Ray of Sunshine, your memory will live on</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">We will send a wish on a breeze, that you are free</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">We will think of you in Spring when a new life begins</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">We hope you are well and this we pray</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">And if you could tell us how you are, I think this is what you would say</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:8.0pt; "> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">Think of me as I used to be</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">When I was full of laughter, well and free</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">Free from pain and suffering at only four years of age</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">Which held my soul within a cage</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">And only heaven held the key</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">And only heaven could open the door and set me free</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">To fly once again and to be able to play</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">As I am never far away</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">As all living things that grow and thrive</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">Will never die, will all survive</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">As there is another world for me</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">I only wish this world you could see</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">So never think I am gone, because you cannot see me</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">I am always near</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">I can see and I can hear</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">I have simply left you for a while</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">And you cannot see me smile</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">But I am smiling from my special place</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">Far from the earth, but never far from you</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:8.0pt; "> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">Amelia you made us so happy and we will never forget</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">The happiness you gave us, so beautiful and perfect</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">Although our hearts are aching and we long to hold you tight</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">We will visit you in our dreams, when we go to sleep at night</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">So God bless Amelia, we know we will meet again some day</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">Mummy Daddy and Jacob will miss you until that day will come</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-family:Georgia; font-size:11.0pt; ">When we are all together once more and we are all back home</span></p> <p style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 255);" class="style4"> </p> </div> </div> <div id="Layer48"><img src="Images/pink_rose.jpg" width="150" height="150" /></div> <div id="Layer49"><img src="Images/pink_rose.jpg" width="150" height="150" /></div> <p> </p> <div style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 255);" title="Body Text" id="Layer4"> <p align="center" class="style3"><u>Monday 19th March</u> </p> <p class="style3">After a long brave battle Amelia finally lost the fight. On Saturday the 17th march at 8.15am Amelia finally closed her eyes and finally fell asleep. She was very comfortable and peaceful and now all of her pain has gone.</p> <p class="style3"> She will always be in our hearts and be Mummy, Daddy and Jacob’s little princess and we thank her for giving us 4 years of her magical life. We love you Amelia always and forever.  </p> </div> <p> </p> <div style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 204);" title="Navigation Bar" id="Layer2"> <div id="Layer34"><img src="Images/site_contents_button.gif" alt="" width="150" height="20" /></div> <div id="Layer31"><a href="jacob.html"><img src="Images/jacob_button.gif" alt="" width="150" height="20" border="0" /></a></div> <div id="Layer28"><a href="photos.html"><img src="Images/pictures_button.gif" alt="" width="150" height="20" border="0" /></a></div> <div id="Layer27"><a href="latest_news.html"><img src="Images/latest_news_button.gif" alt="" width="150" height="20" border="0" /></a></div> <div id="Layer26"><a href="about.html"><img src="Images/about_button.gif" alt="" width="150" height="20" border="0" /></a></div> <div id="Layer25"><a href="index.html"><img src="Images/home_button.gif" alt="" width="150" height="20" border="0" /></a></div> <div id="Layer29"><a href="medical.html"><img src="Images/medical_button.gif" alt="" width="150" height="20" border="0" /></a></div> <div id="Layer30"><a href="neuroblastoma.html"><img src="Images/neuroblastoma_info_button.gif" alt="" width="150" height="20" border="0" /></a></div> <div id="Layer32"><a href="other_links.html"><img src="Images/other_links.gif" alt="" width="150" height="20" border="0" /></a></div> <div id="Layer33"><a href="donate.html"><img src="Images/donate_button.gif" alt="" width="150" height="20" border="0" /></a></div> </div> <p class="style2" align="center"> </p> <div id="Layer5"><img src="Images/Amelia_front_thumb2.jpg" width="391" height="293" /></div> <div id="Layer7"> <div align="center"><span class="style7 style19">Copyright ©2007 <a href="mailto:pmw1971@gmail.com">PmW</a></span></div> </div> </body> </html>

Amelias Homepage - Her battle with Neuroblastoma  #Layer7 { position:absolute; width:948px; height:23px; z-index:7; left: 8px; top: 1968px; } .style7 { font-size: 12px; font-family: Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight: bold; } #Layer8 { position:absolute; width:219px; height:141px; z-index:8; left: 750px; top: 545px; } #Layer9 { position:absolute; width:602px; height:57px; z-index:8; left: 191px; top: 178px; } #Layer10 { position:absolute; width:230px; height:224px; z-index:9; left: -182px; top: 682px; } #Layer11 { position:absolute; width:746px; height:35px; z-index:9; left: 121px; top: 164px; } #Layer12 { position:absolute; width:168px; height:188px; z-index:9; left: 761px; top: 250px; } #Layer13 { position:absolute; width:246px; height:338px; z-index:10; left: 708px; top: 826px; } #Layer14 { position:absolute; width:78px; height:328px; z-index:1; left: 248px; top: 1px; } #Layer15 { position:absolute; width:211px; height:28px; z-index:11; left: 13px; top: 284px; } #Layer16 { position:absolute; 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width:99px; height:80px; z-index:23; top: 169px; left: 48px; } #Layer39 { position:absolute; width:102px; height:80px; z-index:24; left: 845px; top: 169px; } #Layer40 { position:absolute; width:100px; height:91px; z-index:25; left: 796px; top: 391px; } #Layer41 { position:absolute; width:965px; height:90px; z-index:26; left: 4px; top: 1038px; } #Layer42 { position:absolute; left:8px; top:1908px; width:957px; height:58px; z-index:27; } #Layer43 { position:absolute; left:13px; top:563px; width:111px; height:120px; z-index:28; } #Layer44 { position:absolute; left:34px; top:500px; width:175px; height:43px; z-index:29; }  ![](Images/piglet_heart.gif) ![](Images/amelia_small_banner.gif) ![](Images/logo.gif) ``` | [Home](index.html) | [About](about.html) | [Latest News](latest_news.html) | [Pictures](photos.html) | [Medical History](medical.html) | | [Neuroblastoma Info](neuroblastoma.html) | [Jacobs Area](jacob.html) | [Other Links](other_links.html) | [GuestBook](http://pub38.bravenet.com/guestbook/3246129188/) | [Donate](Donate.html) | ``` ![](Images/piglet_poo.gif) ![](Images/piglet_heart_glitter.gif) ![](Images/heartfloat.gif) ![](Images/heartfloat.gif) ![](Images/piglet_heart.gif) [![Sign my Guestbook from Bravenet.com](http://assets.bravenet.com/cp/guestbook.gif "Sign my Guestbook from Bravenet.com")](http://pub38.bravenet.com/guestbook/3246129188/) A Little Ray of Sunshine **Amelia Rose** **A** little girl called Amelia, full of spirit and life Was taken from us after a long and brave fight Her curly locks of hair, her eyes a vibrant blue Her smile so wide, but she was taken too soon She’s gone from our eyes, but her spirit lives on A little Ray of Sunshine and boy how she shone We would climb every mountain and rainbow high If we could see her again and say hello, not goodbye The silence in the house is so loud to bear Every sound that we hear, a glimmer of hope is there That she is not far away, just a moment away That we can hold out our hand and see you again We miss you so much, your laughter and fun Our Little Ray of Sunshine, will live on forever more This I believe and that’s for sure In the arms of the Angels now, no more illness and pain To be able to run with the wind in the sunshine once again Heaven doesn’t just want old people to share this place It needs the free spirit of children to full up the space And now you are there, heaven is even more a special place As you will shine like the stars, with your spirit and grace Our village will not be the same now you are gone But our Little Ray of Sunshine, your memory will live on We will send a wish on a breeze, that you are free We will think of you in Spring when a new life begins We hope you are well and this we pray And if you could tell us how you are, I think this is what you would say Think of me as I used to be When I was full of laughter, well and free Free from pain and suffering at only four years of age Which held my soul within a cage And only heaven held the key And only heaven could open the door and set me free To fly once again and to be able to play As I am never far away As all living things that grow and thrive Will never die, will all survive As there is another world for me I only wish this world you could see So never think I am gone, because you cannot see me I am always near I can see and I can hear I have simply left you for a while And you cannot see me smile But I am smiling from my special place Far from the earth, but never far from you Amelia you made us so happy and we will never forget The happiness you gave us, so beautiful and perfect Although our hearts are aching and we long to hold you tight We will visit you in our dreams, when we go to sleep at night So God bless Amelia, we know we will meet again some day Mummy Daddy and Jacob will miss you until that day will come When we are all together once more and we are all back home ![](Images/pink_rose.jpg) ![](Images/pink_rose.jpg) Monday 19th March After a long brave battle Amelia finally lost the fight. On Saturday the 17th march at 8.15am Amelia finally closed her eyes and finally fell asleep. She was very comfortable and peaceful and now all of her pain has gone. She will always be in our hearts and be Mummy, Daddy and Jacob’s little princess and we thank her for giving us 4 years of her magical life. We love you Amelia always and forever. ![](Images/site_contents_button.gif) [![](Images/jacob_button.gif)](jacob.html) [![](Images/pictures_button.gif)](photos.html) [![](Images/latest_news_button.gif)](latest_news.html) [![](Images/about_button.gif)](about.html) [![](Images/home_button.gif)](index.html) [![](Images/medical_button.gif)](medical.html) [![](Images/neuroblastoma_info_button.gif)](neuroblastoma.html) [![](Images/other_links.gif)](other_links.html) [![](Images/donate_button.gif)](donate.html) ![](Images/Amelia_front_thumb2.jpg) Copyright ©2007 [PmW](mailto:pmw1971@gmail.com)

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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <title>POLICECANADA.CA</title> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"> </head> <body vlink="#000000" alink="#000000" link="#000000" text="#000000" bgcolor="#000000"> <div align="center"> <div align="center"> </div> <div align="center"><img src="bloctitle.png" alt="" width="1000" height="368">  <br>  <font color="#ffffff"><strong></strong></font><font color="#ffffff"><strong></strong></font><br> </div> <table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" border="1" width="1000" align="center"> <tbody> <tr align="center"> <td valign="top"> <div align="center"> <font color="#ffffff"><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><font size="+1" face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><b><strong><nobr> </nobr></strong></b></font></font></font> <div align="center"><nobr><font color="#ffffff">  <br> </font></nobr><font color="#ffffff"><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><font size="+1" face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><b><strong></strong></b></font></font></font><nobr></nobr><font color="#ffffff"><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><font size="+1" face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><b><strong><nobr></nobr></strong></b></font></font></font> <font color="#ffffff"><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><font size="+1" face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><b><strong><nobr></nobr></strong></b></font></font></font><font color="#ffffff"><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><font size="+1" face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><b><strong><nobr>9/11 20 YEARS AGO / 11 SEPTEMBRE, 20 ANS DÉJÀ<br> <br> We will never forget / Nous n'oublierons jamais<br> <br> </nobr><img src="2.jpg" alt="" width="990" height="660"> <br> <br> <img src="4A.jpg" alt="" width="990" height="660"> <br> <br> À JAMAIS DANS NOS COEURS ET NOS ESPRITS<br> <br> FOREVER IN OUR HEARTS AND IN OUR MINDS</strong></b></font></font></font><font color="#ffffff"><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><font size="+1" face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><b><strong><nobr></nobr><nobr><br> </nobr></strong></b></font></font></font><font color="#ffffff"><br> =======</font><br> <br> <font color="#ffffff"><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><font size="+1" face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><b><strong><nobr>Last update / Mise à jour précédente</nobr></strong></b></font></font></font></div> <font color="#ffffff"><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><font size="+1" face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><b><strong><nobr> </nobr><nobr></nobr></strong></b></font></font></font><font color="#ffffff"><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><font size="+1" face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><b><strong><nobr></nobr></strong></b></font></font></font><img src="ControleurRoutierQC259.jpg" alt="" width="990" height="660"> <br> <br> <font color="#ffffff"> Contrôle Routier (QC) 2021 Ford Utility Hybrid </font><br> <br> <img src="GuelphON076.jpg" alt="" width="990" height="660"> <br> <br> <font color="#ffffff">Guelph (ON) 2020 Ford Utility Hybrid </font><br> <br> <img src="WendakeQC048.jpg" alt="" width="990" height="660"> <br> <font color="#ffffff"><br> Wendake (FN - QC) 2021 Ford Utility Hybrid </font><br> <br> <img src="BrantfordON048.jpg" alt="" width="990" height="660"> <br> <br> <font color="#ffffff">Brantford (ON) 2020 Ford Utility Hybrid </font><br> <br> <img src="portdequebecsurete006.jpg" alt="" width="990" height="660"> <br> <br> <font color="#ffffff"> Port de Québec - Sûreté (QC) 20</font><font color="#ffffff">21 Ford Utility Hybrid </font><font color="#ffffff"> </font><br> <font color="#ffffff"></font></div> <nobr><br> </nobr><font color="#ffffff"><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><font size="+1" face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><b><strong><nobr> </nobr></strong></b></font></font></font><font color="#ffffff"> =======</font><nobr><br> </nobr><font color="#ffffff"><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><font size="+1" face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><b><strong><nobr> </nobr><nobr></nobr></strong></b></font></font></font><font color="#ffffff"><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><font size="+1" face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><b><strong><nobr> </nobr><nobr></nobr></strong></b></font></font></font><nobr></nobr><font color="#ffffff"><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><font size="+1" face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><b><strong><nobr></nobr></strong></b></font></font></font><font color="#ffffff"><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><font size="+1" face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><b><strong><nobr> </nobr><nobr></nobr></strong></b></font></font></font><font color="#ffffff"><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><font size="+1" face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><b><strong><nobr> <br> </nobr></strong></b></font></font></font><font color="#ffffff"><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">If you have old police car photos, they are welcome as well on policecanada.ca. <br> Si vous avez des photos de vielles voitures de police, elles sont tout autant le bienvenue sur policecanada.ca.</font></font><br> <br> <a href="mailto:policeca@gmail.com"><img src="logo%20email.jpg" alt="" width="64" height="64"> </a><br> <font color="#ffffff"><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><br> policeca@gmail.com</font></font><br> <br> <font color="#ffffff">=======</font><br> <font size="+2"><b><strong><br> </strong></b></font> <div align="center"><font color="#ffffff"><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><font size="+1" face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><b><strong><nobr>Follow us also on Facebook and also on YouTube</nobr></strong></b></font></font></font><br> <font color="#ffffff"><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><font size="+1" face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><b><strong><nobr> Vous pouvez également nous suivre sur Facebook et sur YouTube<br>  </nobr></strong></b></font></font></font><br> <div align="center"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/policecanada.ca/" target="_blank"><img src="FB-fLogo-Blue-broadcast-2.png" alt="" width="77" height="77"> </a>               <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/policecanada" target="_blank">    <img src="youtube.jpg" alt="" width="250" height="77"> </a></div> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/policecanada.ca/" target="_blank"><font color="#ffffff"><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><font size="+1" face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><b><strong><nobr></nobr></strong></b></font></font></font></a></div> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/policecanada" target="_blank"><font color="#ffffff"><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><font size="+1" face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><b><strong><nobr></nobr></strong></b></font></font></font></a>   <br> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br> <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="1" width="1000"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" width="333"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><small><b>UPDATES / MISES À JOUR </b></small>;<br> </font></small><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><br> September 11th, 2021 / 11 septembre 2021<br> <br> May 10th, 2021 / 10 mai 2021<br> <br> </font></small>-  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/saintlazarre/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>St-Lazare (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/vaudreuil/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Vaudreuil (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/SPterrebonne/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Terrebonne - Sécurité publique (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> <small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"> <br> Januray 1st, 2021 / 1er janvier 2021<br> <br> </font></small> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/Canada/cnr/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Canadian National (CA)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> <small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><br> </font></small><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">December 27, 2020 / 27 décembre 2020</font></small><br> <br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/fn/sk/filehills/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>File Hills Police Service (FN - SK)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/nb/edmundston/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Edmunston (NB)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/michipikotentownship/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Michipikoten Township (ON)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/controleroutier/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Contrôle routier (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/ipq/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Institut de police (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/dorion/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Dorion (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/vaudreuildorion/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Vaudreuil-Dorion (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/aeroportquebec/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Aéroport de Québec - Sûreté (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> <br> ** NEW DEPTS/SERVICE ADDED**<br> <br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/ab/vermilionmunicipal/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Vermilion Municipal Enforcement (AB)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/nb/nbemo/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Emergency Management - Dept. of PS (NB)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/nb/sackvillebylaw/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Sackville By-Law Enforcement (NB)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/nb/sptracadie/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Municipalité régionale de Tracadie SP (NB)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/kapuskasingbylawon/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Kapuskasing By-Law Enforcement (ON)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/niagaraonthelakebylawon/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Niagara-on-the-Lake By-Law Enforcement (ON)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/dorionvaudreuil/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Protection publique Dorion Vaudreuil (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/sk/rmedenwold/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>RM of Edenwold Community Safety Officers (SK)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/sk/universityregina/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>University of Regina Campus Security (SK)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> <small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><br> </font></small><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">December 24, 2020 / 24 décembre 2020</font></small><br> <br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/Canada/caborderservices/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>CBSA / ASFC (CA)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/chathamkent/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Chatham-Kent (ON)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/ottawa/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Ottawa (ON)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/parrysound/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Parry Sound (ON)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/dorion/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Dorion (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/terrebonne/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Terrebonne (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/ottawahousing/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Ottawa Community Housing (ON)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> <small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><br> </font></small><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">December 14, 2020 / 14 décembre 2020</font></small><br> <br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/Canada/caborderservices/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>CBSA / ASFC (CA)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/fn/on/anishnabek/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Anishnabek (FN - ON)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/fn/qc/kahnawake/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Kahnawake Mohawk Peace Keepers (FN - QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/ab/albertasheriffs/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Alberta Sheriff (AB)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/ab/albertahealthservices/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Alberta Health Services Protective Officers (AB)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/nb/saintjohn/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Saint John (NB)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/ns/kentville/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Kentville (NS)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/peterboroughlakefield/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Peterborough (ON)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/redrock/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Red Rock (ON)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/sarnia/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Sarnia (ON)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/woodstock/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Woodstock (ON)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/yorkregional/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>York Regional (ON)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/sq/sq150/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Sûreté du Québec - 150e anniversaire (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/sq/sqtv/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Sûreté du Québec - SQtv (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/sq/sqoldcolor/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Sûreté du Québec - Anciennes couleurs (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/enp/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>École nationale de police (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/deuxmontagnesregional/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Lac des Deux-Montagnes (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/laval/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Laval (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/spvm/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Montréal - SPVM - Relations médias (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/mirabel/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Mirabel (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/saintjerome/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>St-Jérôme (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/ab/calgarytransitpeaceofficers/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Calgary Transit Peace Officers (AB)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/yorktransit/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>York Region Transit Enforcement (ON)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/SPmontroyal/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Sécurité publique Mont-Royal (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/demos/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Demos page (Ford)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/privateb/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Protection Centurion</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> <small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><br> </font></small><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">October 13, 2020 / 13 octobre 2020</font></small><br> <br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/universityguelph/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>University of Guelph (ON)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/splepiphanie/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>L'Épiphanie - Patrouille (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> <small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><br> </font></small><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">October 1st, 2020 / 1er octobre 2020</font></small><br> <br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/saguenay/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Saguenay (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/saintjerome/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>St-Jérôme (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> <br> <small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">September 15, 2020 / 15 septembre 2020</font></small><br> <br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/fn/qc/listuguj/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Listuguj (FN - QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/sk/regina/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Regina (SK)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> <br> ** NEW DEPTS/SERVICE ADDED**<br> <br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/dolbeaumistassini/index.html" target="_blank">Dolbeau-Mistassini (QC)</a><br> <br> <small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">September 7, 2020 / 7 septembre 2020</font></small><br> <br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/Canada/cnr/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Canadian National Railway (CA)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/Canada/battlefieldpark/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Parcs des Champs de Bataille (CA)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/fn/qc/odanakwolinak/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Corps de police des Abénakis (FN - QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/fn/qc/pikogan/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Police Algonquienne de Pikogan (FN - QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/fn/qc/kitiganzibi/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Police Algonquienne de Kitigan Zibi (FN - QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/bc/deltapd/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Delta (BC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/nb/saintjohn/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Saint John (NB)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/nl/grandfallswindsor/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Grand Falls - Windsor (NL)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/ministrytransportation/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Ministry of Transportation (ON)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/niagaraparks/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Niagara Parks (ON)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/brantford/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Brantford (ON)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/haltonregional/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Halton Regional (ON)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/kingston/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Kingston (ON)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/niagararegional/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Niagara Regional (ON)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/mountforest/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Mount Forest (ON)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/peelregional/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Peel Regional (ON)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/toronto/tpsstealth/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Toronto (stealth) (ON)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/thunderbay/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Thunder Bay (ON)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/waterlooregional/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Waterloo Regional (ON)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/sq/autoroutiers/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Sûreté du Québec - Autoroutiers (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/sq/district5/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Sûreté du Québec - District 5 (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/sq/district7/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Sûreté du Québec - District 7 (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/sq/motosapparat/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Sûreté du Québec - Motos d'apparat (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/controleroutier/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Contrôle routier (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/protectionfaune/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Protection de la Faune (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/securitepublique/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Ministère de la Sécurité publique (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/bromontville/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Bromont (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/laval/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Laval (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/longueuilaglomeration/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Longueuil - Agglomération de (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/spvm/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Montréal - SPVM - page 1 (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/quebec/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Québec - Ville de (page 1) (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/septiles/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Sept-îles (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/sk/saskatoon/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Saskatoon (SK)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="https://policecanada.ca/policeca/nb/kent/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Kent Regional S.C. Enforcement Service (NB)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/ottawatransit/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Ottawa Transit Law Enforcement (ON)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/franshawecollege/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Fanshawe College Campus Security (ON)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/spvm/bureaudutaximontreal/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Bureau de taxi de Montréal (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/SPbeaconsfield/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Sécurité publique de Beaconsfield (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/SPcotestluc/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Sécurité publique de Côte St-Luc (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/SPilebizard/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Sécurité publique l'Île-Bizard Ste-Geneviève (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/SPkirkland/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Sécurité publique de Kirkland (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/SPmontroyal/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Sécurité publique de Mont-Royal (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/SPmontrealouest/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Sécurité publique de Montréal-Ouest (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/SPoutremont/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Sécurité publique d'Outremont (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/SPpointeclaire/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Sécurité publique de Pointe-Claire (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/SPsaintlaurent/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Sécurité urbaine de St-Laurent (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/SPsteannebellevue/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Sécurité publique de Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/SPwestmountSafety/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Sécurité publique de Westmount (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/montrealuniversite/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Université de Montréal - Sûreté (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/demos/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Whelen demo car</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> <br> ** NEW DEPTS/SERVICE ADDED**<br> <br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/fn/nb/esgenoopetitj/index.html" target="_blank">Esgenoôpetitj<small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small> Police Force (FN - NB)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/ab/crowsnestpass/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Crownest Pass Peace Officer (AB)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> -  <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/sppincourt/index.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><big><small>Sécurité publique de Pincourt (QC)</small></big></font></small></big></font></small></a><br> <br> <small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><br> </font></small> <small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"> </font></small> <div align="center"><a href="indexmaj.html" target="_blank"><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">Click on this link for updates made between<br> July 2016 to August 2020 included<br> <br> Cliquer sur ce lien pour les mises à jour de <br> juillet 2016 à août 2020 inclus</font></small></a></div> </td> <td valign="top" width="333" align="center"><img src="adminsA.jpg" alt="" width="323" height="261"> <font color="#ffffff"><a href="mailto:policeca@gmail.com"><img src="000email2.gif" nosave="" border="0" height="34" width="95" alt=""> </a> <br> <br> <img src="000flash.gif" alt="" width="300" height="300"> <br> <br> </font> <table width="100%" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2"> <tbody> <tr> <td bgcolor="#c0c0c0" valign="top"> <div align="center">_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ <br> <b><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><br> It's in the late 90s that was born a website dedicated to police vehicles. At that time, it was hosted as subdomain on free sites providers and was hosted alternately on Yahoo, Tripod and many others. It was only in 2002 that Gerard Donnelly officially created  POLICECANADA.CA with its own URL and its own dedicated server. It has since evolved to become the Canadian reference site for police vehicles enthusiasts and even by the police departments. With an average of 11,000 visits per month this site is still of great interest.</font></small></b><br> <br> <b><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">I thank all of those who contribute to the success of this site for all these years and reiterates the need to supply this site with photos of old and new police vehicles.</font></small></b><br> _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ <br> <br> <b><small><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">C’est vers la fin des années 90 que naissait un site consacré aux véhicules de police. À cette époque, il était hébergé en sous-domaine de pourvoyeurs de sites gratuits et fut hébergé tour à tour chez Yahoo, Tripod et bien d’autres. Ce n’est qu’en 2002 qu’officiellement Gerard Donnelly créait POLICECANADA.CA avec sa propre identité et son serveur dédié. Depuis, il a beaucoup évolué pour devenir le site de référence canadien pour les passionnés de véhicules de police et même les corps policiers. Avec une moyenne de 11 000 visites par mois il suscite toujours un vif intérêt.<br> <br> Je remercie tous ceux qui collabore au succès de ce site depuis toutes ces années et réitère le besoin d’alimenter ce site par vos photos de véhicules de police anciens et nouveaux.<br> </font></small></b>_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _</div> <br> <img src="policecanadacarte.jpg" alt="" width="325" height="187"> <br> <br> <br> <div align="center"><font color="#000000"></font></div> <div align="center"><br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> </div> <font size="+1"><b><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" color="#3366ff"><br> </font></b></font><br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </td> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" width="333" align="center"> <div align="left"> </div> <div align="left"> <div align="center"> </div> <div align="center"><br> NEXT MONTREAL AREA TRADE SHOW<br> <br> PROCHAIN SHOW DE LA RÉGION DE MONTRÉAL <br> <br> INFO TO COME / INFORMATION À VENIR<br> <div align="center"><br> _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ <br> <br> DIFFERENTS TRADE SHOWS <br> AROUND THE COUNTRY<br> <br> INFO TO COME / INFORMATION À VENIR<br> </div> <br> _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ <br> <br> <font color="#000000">SNEAK PICS OF BLUE LINE MAGAZINE<br> BEST DRESSED CANADIAN POLICE VEHICLE WINNERS FOR 2020<br> <br> BEST DRESSED FOR 2020<br> PLUS BEAU LETTRAGE POUR 2020<br> <br> <a href="TerrebonneWinner2020.jpg"><img src="TerrebonneWinner2020.jpg" alt="" width="250" height="122"> </a><br> <br> TERREBONNE QC)<br> <br> OFFICIAL PHOTO FROM OUR FRIEND<br> AND CONTRIBUTOR<br> MR. GERRY BABCOCK<br> WE SALUTE HIM AND CONGRATULATE TERREBONNE PD (QC)<br> <br> LA PHOTO OFFICIELLE A ÉTÉ PRISE<br> PAR NOTRE AMI ET CONTRIBUTEUR<br> M. GERRY BABCOCK<br> NOUS LE SALUONS ET FÉLICITONS LE<br> SERVICE DE POLICE DE TERREBONNE (QC)<br> <br> QUELQUES PHOTOS DES GAGNANTS DU CONCOURS DES PLUS BEAUX VÉHICULES DE POLICE AU CANADA POUR 2020</font><font color="#000000"><br> <br> POUR PLUS D'INFORMATIONS<br> FOR MORE INFORMATIONS<br> </font><font size="+1"><b><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" color="#3366ff"><br> </font></b></font> <table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" border="1" width="80%"> <tbody> <tr align="center"> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff"><a href="https://www.blueline.ca/congratulations-to-canadas-2020-" target="_blank">https://www.blueline.ca/congratulations-to-<br> canadas-2020-best-dressed-<br> police-vehicle-award-winners//</a><br> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br> _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ <br> <font size="+1"><b><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" color="#3366ff"><br> </font></b></font> <div align="center"><font size="+1"><b><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" color="#3366ff"> Wallpapers</font></b></font><br> <font size="+1"><b><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" color="#3366ff"> Fond d'écran</font></b></font><br> <br> <font size="+1"><b><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" color="#3366ff"> New<br> </font></b></font>_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _<br> <font size="+1"><b><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" color="#3366ff"><br> </font></b></font><a href="rcmpWP1920x1080.jpg" target="_blank">GRC / RCMP 1 (CA)</a><br> 1920x1080<br> <a href="grckWP1920x1080.jpg" target="_blank">GRC / RCMP 2 (CA)</a><br> 1920x1080<br> <a href="CPPS034_1920x1080.jpg" target="_blank">Canadian Pacific Police (CA)</a><br> 1920x1080<br> <a href="CVSE027%201920x1080.jpg" target="_blank">Commercial Vehicles Safety & Enforcement (BC)</a><br> 1920x1080<br> <a href="ShediacBylawWP1920x1080.jpg" target="_blank">Shediac Municipal Bylaw Enforcement (NB)</a><br> 1920x1080<br> <a href="ControleurRoutierWP1920x1080.jpg" target="_blank">Contrôle Routier 1 (QC)</a><br> 1920x1080<br> <a href="ControleurRoutier2WP1920x1080.jpg" target="_blank">Contrôle Routier 2 (QC)</a><br> 1920x1080<br> <a href="ControleurRoutier3WP1920x1080.jpg" target="_blank">Contrôle Routier 3 (QC)</a><br> 1920x1080<br> <a href="ControleurRoutier4WP1920x1080.jpg" target="_blank">Contrôle Routier 4 (QC)</a><br> 1920x1080<br> <a href="LacdesDeuxMontagnesQC1920x1080.jpg" target="_blank">Lac-des-Deux-Montagnes (QC)</a><br> 1920x1080<br> <a href="LavalWP1920x1080.jpg" target="_blank">Laval (old design) (QC)</a><br> 1920x1080<br> <a href="LavalnewQC1920x1080.jpg" target="_blank">Laval (new design 2018) (QC)</a><br> 1920x1080<br> <a href="LongueuilAgglomerationQC1291920X1080.jpg" target="_blank">Longueuil Agglomération (QC)</a><br> 1920x1080<br> <a href="SPVQFPIsedan045_1920x1080.jpg" target="_blank">Québec (QC)</a><br> 1920x1080<br> <a href="RepentignyWP1920x1080.jpg" target="_blank">Repentigny (QC)</a><br> 1920x1080<br> <a href="saintjerome1WP1920x1080.jpg" target="_blank">Saint-Jérôme 1 (QC)</a><br> 1920x1080<br> <a href="saintjerome2WP1920x1080.jpg" target="_blank">Saint-Jérôme 2 (QC)</a><br> 1920x1080<br> <a href="SQ1WP1920x1080.jpg" target="_blank">Sûreté du Québec 1 (QC)</a><br> 1920x1080<br> <a href="ThereseDeBlanvilleQC5411920x1080.jpg" target="_blank">Thérèse-de-Blainville 1 (QC)</a><br> 1920x1080<br> <a href="ThereseDeBlanvilleQC5441920x1280.jpg" target="_blank">Thérèse-de-Blainville 2 (QC)</a><br> 1920x1080<br> <a href="WeyburnSK1920x1080.jpg" target="_blank">Weyburn (SK)</a><br> 1920x1080</div> <div align="center"> </div> </div> <div align="center"> </div> </div> <div align="center"> </div> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> . . <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="1" width="1000"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign="top"> <table bgcolor="#cccccc" width="495" cols="2" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign="top"> <div align="center"> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" cols="1" width="100%" bgcolor="#666666"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="30%" bgcolor="#666666"><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#ffffff"><font size="-1"> <big>CANADIAN AGENCIES / AGENCES CANADIENNES</big></font></font></font></b></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#ffffff"><font size="-2">.</font></font></font></center> <div align="center"> </div> <center></center> <center> <small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small> </center> <center> <small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small> <table border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" cols="1" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr align="left"> <td width="100%"><b><small><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="-1"><small><a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/rcmp/index.html" target="_blank"> ROYAL CANADIAN MOUNTED POLICE - GENDARMERIE ROYALE DU CANADA</a></small></font></font></small></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><small><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="-1"><small><a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/Canada/military/index.html" target="_blank"> MILITARY POLICE  - POLICE MILITAIRE</a></small></font></font></small></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><small><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="-1"><small><a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/Canada/battlefieldpark/index.html" target="_blank"> BATTLEFIELD PARK POLICE - POLICE DU PARC DES CHAMPS DE BATAILLES</a></small></font></font></small></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><small><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="-1"><small><a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/Canada/cnr/index.html" target="_blank"> CANADIAN NATIONAL RAILWAY POLICE - POLICE DU CANADIEN NATIONAL</a></small></font></font></small></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><small><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="-1"><small><a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/Canada/cpr/index.html" target="_blank"> CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY POLICE  - POLICE DU CANADIEN PACIFIQUE</a></small></font></font></small></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><small><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="-1"><small><a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/Canada/cp/index.html" target="_blank"> CANADIAN PACIFIC POLICE SERVICE  - SERVICE DE POLICE DU CANADIEN PACIFIQUE</a></small></font></font></small></b></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center></center> <b><small><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="-1"><small><a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/Canada/parliamentaryprotective/index.html" target="_blank">  PARLIAMENTARY PROTECTIVE SERVICE - SERVICE DE PROTECTION PARLEMENTAIRE </a></small></font></font></small></b> <center></center> <center> <small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small> <big> </big><big> </big><big> </big><big> </big><big> </big><big> </big><big> </big><big> </big><big> </big><big> </big><big> </big><big> </big><big> </big><big> </big><big> </big><big> </big><big> </big><big> </big><big> </big><big> </big><big> </big><big> </big><big> </big><big> </big><big> </big><big> </big> <table border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" cols="1" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="100%"><b><small><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="-1"><small><a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/Canada/customscanada/index.html" target="_blank"> CUSTOMS CANADA - DOUANES CANADA</a></small></font></font></small></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><b><small><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="-1"><small><a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/Canada/postcanada/index.html" target="_blank"> CANADA POST - POSTE CANADA</a></small></font></font></small></b><br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><small><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="-1"><small><a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/Canada/caborderservices/index.html" target="_blank"> CANADA BORDER SERVICES AGENCY  -   AGENCE DE SERVICES FRONTALIERS DU CANADA</a></small></font></font></small></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><small><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="-1"><small><a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/Canada/cacoastguard/index.html" target="_blank"> CANADIAN COAST GUARD - GARDE COTIERE CANADIENNE</a></small></font></font></small></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><small><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="-1"><small><a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/Canada/caenvironmental/index.html" target="_blank"> CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SERVICE - SERVICE DE PROTECTION  ENVIRONNEMENTALE</a></small></font></font></small></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><small><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="-1"><small><a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/Canada/cacorrectional/index.html" target="_blank"> CORRECTIONAL SERVICE OF CANADA  - SERVICE CORRECTIONNEL DU CANADA</a></small></font></font></small></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><small><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="-1"><small><a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/Canada/cafisheries/index.html" target="_blank"> FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA - PECHES ET OCEANS CANADA</a></small></font></font></small></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><small><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="-1"><small><a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/Canada/nationalcapital/index.html" target="_blank"> NATIONAL CAPITAL CONSERVATION - CONSERVATION DE LA CAPITALE NATIONALE</a></small></font></font></small></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><small><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="-1"><small><a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/Canada/sureteportuairemontreal/index.html" target="_blank"> SURETE PORTUAIRE DE MONTREAL</a></small></font></font></small></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><small><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="-1"><small><a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/Canada/nationalharbour/index.html" target="_blank"> NATIONAL HARBOURS BOARD - CONSEIL DES PORTS NATIONAUX</a></small></font></font></small></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><small><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="-1"><small><a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/Canada/portscanada/index.html" target="_blank"> PORTS CANADA POLICE</a></small></font></font></small></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><small><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="-1"><small><a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/Canada/parkscanada/index.html" target="_blank"> PARKS CANADA  -  PARCS CANADA</a></small></font></font></small></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><small><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="-1"><small><a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/Canada/atomicenergycanada/index.html" target="_blank"> ATOMIC ENERGY OF CANADA LTD SECURITY</a></small></font></font></small></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><small><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="-1"><small><a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/Canada/pacerprogram/index.html" target="_blank"> P.A.C.E.R. PROGRAM</a></small></font></font></small></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><br> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <center></center> <center></center> <center></center> <center><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><small> </small><big> </big><big> </big><big> </big><big> </big><big> </big><big> </big><big> </big></center> <center></center> <center> </center> <center></center> <center> <small> </small><small> </small> <small> </small><small> </small> <big> </big><big> </big> <small> </small></center> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </td> <td valign="top" width="50%"> <div align="center"> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" cols="1" width="100%" bgcolor="#666666"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="30%" bgcolor="#666666"><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#ffffff"><font size="-1"> </font></font></font></b><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#ffffff"><font size="-1"><big>PROVINCES / LES  PROVINCES</big></font></font></font></b></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <table border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" cols="1" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><big><b><small><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="-1"><a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/ab/index.html" target="_blank"> ALBERTA</a></font></font></small></b></big></td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><big><b><small><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="-1"><a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/bc/index.html" target="_blank"> BRITISH COLUMBIA - COLOMBIE BRITANIQUE</a></font></font></small></b></big></td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><big><b><small><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="-1"><a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/mb/index.html" target="_blank"> MANITOBA</a></font></font></small></b></big></td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><big><b><small><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="-1"><a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/nb/index.html" target="_blank"> NEW BRUNSWICK - NOUVEAU BRUNSWICK</a></font></font></small></b></big></td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><big><b><small><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="-1"><a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/nl/index.html" target="_blank"> NEWFOUNDLAND & LABRADOR - TERRE-NEUVE ET LABRADOR</a></font></font></small></b></big></td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><big><b><small><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="-1"><a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/nt/index.html" target="_blank"> NORTHWEST TERRITORIES - TERRITOIRES DU NORD-OUEST</a></font></font></small></b></big></td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><big><b><small><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="-1"><a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/ns/index.html" target="_blank"> NOVA SCOTIA - NOUVELLE-ÉCOSSE</a></font></font></small></b></big></td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><big><b><small><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="-1"><a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/nu/index.html" target="_blank"> NUNAVUT</a></font></font></small></b></big></td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><big><b><small><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="-1"><a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/index.html" target="_blank"> ONTARIO</a></font></font></small></b></big></td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><big><b><small><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="-1"><a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/pe/index.html" target="_blank"> PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND - ILE-DU-PRINCE-EDWARD</a></font></font></small></b></big></td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/index.html" target="_blank"><big><b><small><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="-1"> QUEBEC - QUÉBEC</font></font></small></b></big></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><big><b><small><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="-1"><a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/sk/index.html" target="_blank"> SASKATCHEWAN</a></font></font></small></b></big></td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><big><b><small><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="-1"><a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/yk/index.html" target="_blank"> YUKON</a></font></font></small></b></big></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <center> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" cols="1" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="30%" bgcolor="#666666"><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#ffffff"><font size="-1"> <big>FIRST NATIONS POLICE / POLICE DES PREMIÈRES NATIONS</big></font></font></font></b></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <table border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" cols="1" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><big><b><small><font face="Arial,Helvetica" size="-1"><a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/fn/index.html" target="_blank"> FIRST NATIONS POLICE  -  POLICE DES PREMIÈRES NATIONS</a></font></small></b></big></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">.<br> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <center> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" cols="1" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="30%" bgcolor="#666666"><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#ffffff"><font size="-1"> <big>OTHER LINKS OF INTEREST / AUTRES LIENS D'INTÉRÊT</big></font></font></font></b></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <table border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" cols="1" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><big><b><small><font face="Arial,Helvetica" size="-1"> <a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/page2/page2.html" target="_blank"><small>OTHER LAW ENCORCEMENT RELATED  -  AUTRES LIENS DE RENFORCEMENT DE LA LOI</small></a></font></small></b></big></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#cccccc"><b><small><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="-1"><small><a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/privatea/index.html" target="_blank">PRIVATE SECURITY AGENCIES - AGENCES DE SÉCURITÉ PRIVÉES</a></small></font></font></small></b><br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#cccccc"><b><small><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="-1"><small><a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/movietv/index.html" target="_blank">MOVIE/TV POLICE CARS - AUTOS DE POLICE DE FILM ET TÉLÉ</a></small></font></font></small></b><br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#cccccc"><b><small><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="-1"><small><a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/demos/index.html" target="_blank">DEMOS POLICE CARS - DÉMONSTRATEURS</a></small></font></font></small></b><br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#cccccc"><b><small><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="-1"><small><a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/POLICECANADACA/index.html" target="_blank">INTERCONTINENTAL TRUCK BODY EMERGENCY VEHICLES</a></small></font></font></small></b><br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#cccccc"><b><small><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="-1"><small><a href="http://policecanada.ca/policeca/blueline/index.html" target="_blank">BLUE LINE CONTEST - LE CONCOURS BLUE LINE</a></small></font></font></small></b><br> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> . .<br> <center> </center> <center> </center> <img src="bloc2.gif" alt="" width="1002" height="462"> .<br> <font color="#ffffff"><font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><br> INTÉRESSÉ AUSSI PAR LES PHOTOS DE CAMIONS INCENDIES, <br> CONSULTER LE SITE  FIRE BUFF CANADA, LE SITE DE RÉFÉRENCE AU PAYS !<br> <br> INTERESTED ALSO IN FIRETRUCKS PHOTOS, MAKE A CHECK<br> TO FIRE BUFF CANADA, THE MOST TRUSTED WEBSITE IN THE COUNTRY !</font></font><br> <br>  <a href="http://firebuffcanada.policecanada.ca/" target="_blank"><img src="entetefront.jpg" alt="" width="1002" height="100"> </a></div> <br> <br> </body> </html>

POLICECANADA.CA ![](bloctitle.png) | | | --- | | ****9/11 20 YEARS AGO / 11 SEPTEMBRE, 20 ANS DÉJÀ We will never forget / Nous n'oublierons jamais À JAMAIS DANS NOS COEURS ET NOS ESPRITS FOREVER IN OUR HEARTS AND IN OUR MINDS**** ======= ****Last update / Mise à jour précédente**** Contrôle Routier (QC) 2021 Ford Utility Hybrid Guelph (ON) 2020 Ford Utility Hybrid Wendake (FN - QC) 2021 Ford Utility Hybrid Brantford (ON) 2020 Ford Utility Hybrid Port de Québec - Sûreté (QC) 2021 Ford Utility Hybrid ======= If you have old police car photos, they are welcome as well on policecanada.ca. Si vous avez des photos de vielles voitures de police, elles sont tout autant le bienvenue sur policecanada.ca. policeca@gmail.com ======= ****Follow us also on Facebook and also on YouTube**** ****Vous pouvez également nous suivre sur Facebook et sur YouTube**** | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **UPDATES / MISES À JOUR** ; September 11th, 2021 / 11 septembre 2021 May 10th, 2021 / 10 mai 2021 - [St-Lazare (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/saintlazarre/index.html) - [Vaudreuil (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/vaudreuil/index.html) - [Terrebonne - Sécurité publique (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/SPterrebonne/index.html) Januray 1st, 2021 / 1er janvier 2021 - [Canadian National (CA)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/Canada/cnr/index.html) December 27, 2020 / 27 décembre 2020 - [File Hills Police Service (FN - SK)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/fn/sk/filehills/index.html) - [Edmunston (NB)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/nb/edmundston/index.html) - 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[Sûreté du Québec - 150e anniversaire (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/sq/sq150/index.html) - [Sûreté du Québec - SQtv (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/sq/sqtv/index.html) - [Sûreté du Québec - Anciennes couleurs (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/sq/sqoldcolor/index.html) - [École nationale de police (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/enp/index.html) - [Lac des Deux-Montagnes (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/deuxmontagnesregional/index.html) - [Laval (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/laval/index.html) - [Montréal - SPVM - Relations médias (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/spvm/index.html) - [Mirabel (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/mirabel/index.html) - [St-Jérôme (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/saintjerome/index.html) - [Calgary Transit Peace Officers (AB)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/ab/calgarytransitpeaceofficers/index.html) - [York Region Transit Enforcement (ON)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/yorktransit/index.html) - [Sécurité publique Mont-Royal (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/SPmontroyal/index.html) - [Demos page (Ford)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/demos/index.html) - [Protection Centurion](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/privateb/index.html) October 13, 2020 / 13 octobre 2020 - [University of Guelph (ON)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/universityguelph/index.html) - [L'Épiphanie - Patrouille (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/splepiphanie/index.html) October 1st, 2020 / 1er octobre 2020 - [Saguenay (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/saguenay/index.html) - [St-Jérôme (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/saintjerome/index.html) September 15, 2020 / 15 septembre 2020 - [Listuguj (FN - QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/fn/qc/listuguj/index.html) - [Regina (SK)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/sk/regina/index.html) \*\* NEW DEPTS/SERVICE ADDED\*\* - [Dolbeau-Mistassini (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/dolbeaumistassini/index.html) September 7, 2020 / 7 septembre 2020 - [Canadian National Railway (CA)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/Canada/cnr/index.html) - [Parcs des Champs de Bataille (CA)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/Canada/battlefieldpark/index.html) - [Corps de police des Abénakis (FN - QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/fn/qc/odanakwolinak/index.html) - [Police Algonquienne de Pikogan (FN - QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/fn/qc/pikogan/index.html) - [Police Algonquienne de Kitigan Zibi (FN - QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/fn/qc/kitiganzibi/index.html) - [Delta (BC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/bc/deltapd/index.html) - [Saint John (NB)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/nb/saintjohn/index.html) - [Grand Falls - Windsor (NL)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/nl/grandfallswindsor/index.html) - [Ministry of Transportation (ON)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/ministrytransportation/index.html) - [Niagara Parks (ON)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/niagaraparks/index.html) - [Brantford (ON)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/brantford/index.html) - [Halton Regional (ON)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/haltonregional/index.html) - [Kingston (ON)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/kingston/index.html) - [Niagara Regional (ON)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/niagararegional/index.html) - [Mount Forest (ON)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/mountforest/index.html) - [Peel Regional (ON)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/peelregional/index.html) - [Toronto (stealth) (ON)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/toronto/tpsstealth/index.html) - [Thunder Bay (ON)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/thunderbay/index.html) - [Waterloo Regional (ON)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/waterlooregional/index.html) - [Sûreté du Québec - Autoroutiers (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/sq/autoroutiers/index.html) - [Sûreté du Québec - District 5 (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/sq/district5/index.html) - [Sûreté du Québec - District 7 (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/sq/district7/index.html) - [Sûreté du Québec - Motos d'apparat (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/sq/motosapparat/index.html) - [Contrôle routier (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/controleroutier/index.html) - [Protection de la Faune (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/protectionfaune/index.html) - [Ministère de la Sécurité publique (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/securitepublique/index.html) - [Bromont (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/bromontville/index.html) - [Laval (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/laval/index.html) - [Longueuil - Agglomération de (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/longueuilaglomeration/index.html) - [Montréal - SPVM - page 1 (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/spvm/index.html) - [Québec - Ville de (page 1) (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/quebec/index.html) - [Sept-îles (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/septiles/index.html) - [Saskatoon (SK)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/sk/saskatoon/index.html) - [Kent Regional S.C. Enforcement Service (NB)](https://policecanada.ca/policeca/nb/kent/index.html) - [Ottawa Transit Law Enforcement (ON)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/ottawatransit/index.html) - [Fanshawe College Campus Security (ON)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/on/franshawecollege/index.html) - [Bureau de taxi de Montréal (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/spvm/bureaudutaximontreal/index.html) - [Sécurité publique de Beaconsfield (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/SPbeaconsfield/index.html) - [Sécurité publique de Côte St-Luc (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/SPcotestluc/index.html) - [Sécurité publique l'Île-Bizard Ste-Geneviève (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/SPilebizard/index.html) - [Sécurité publique de Kirkland (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/SPkirkland/index.html) - [Sécurité publique de Mont-Royal (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/SPmontroyal/index.html) - [Sécurité publique de Montréal-Ouest (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/SPmontrealouest/index.html) - [Sécurité publique d'Outremont (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/SPoutremont/index.html) - [Sécurité publique de Pointe-Claire (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/SPpointeclaire/index.html) - [Sécurité urbaine de St-Laurent (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/SPsaintlaurent/index.html) - [Sécurité publique de Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/SPsteannebellevue/index.html) - [Sécurité publique de Westmount (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/SPwestmountSafety/index.html) - [Université de Montréal - Sûreté (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/montrealuniversite/index.html) - [Whelen demo car](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/demos/index.html) \*\* NEW DEPTS/SERVICE ADDED\*\* - [Esgenoôpetitj Police Force (FN - NB)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/fn/nb/esgenoopetitj/index.html) - [Crownest Pass Peace Officer (AB)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/ab/crowsnestpass/index.html) - [Sécurité publique de Pincourt (QC)](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/qc/sppincourt/index.html) [Click on this link for updates made between July 2016 to August 2020 included Cliquer sur ce lien pour les mises à jour de juillet 2016 à août 2020 inclus](indexmaj.html) | | | | --- | | \_ \_ \_ \_ \_ \_ \_ \_ \_ \_ **It's in the late 90s that was born a website dedicated to police vehicles. At that time, it was hosted as subdomain on free sites providers and was hosted alternately on Yahoo, Tripod and many others. It was only in 2002 that Gerard Donnelly officially created POLICECANADA.CA with its own URL and its own dedicated server. It has since evolved to become the Canadian reference site for police vehicles enthusiasts and even by the police departments. With an average of 11,000 visits per month this site is still of great interest.** **I thank all of those who contribute to the success of this site for all these years and reiterates the need to supply this site with photos of old and new police vehicles.** \_ \_ \_ \_ \_ \_ \_ \_ \_ \_ **C’est vers la fin des années 90 que naissait un site consacré aux véhicules de police. À cette époque, il était hébergé en sous-domaine de pourvoyeurs de sites gratuits et fut hébergé tour à tour chez Yahoo, Tripod et bien d’autres. Ce n’est qu’en 2002 qu’officiellement Gerard Donnelly créait POLICECANADA.CA avec sa propre identité et son serveur dédié. Depuis, il a beaucoup évolué pour devenir le site de référence canadien pour les passionnés de véhicules de police et même les corps policiers. Avec une moyenne de 11 000 visites par mois il suscite toujours un vif intérêt. Je remercie tous ceux qui collabore au succès de ce site depuis toutes ces années et réitère le besoin d’alimenter ce site par vos photos de véhicules de police anciens et nouveaux.**\_ \_ \_ \_ \_ \_ \_ \_ \_ \_ | | NEXT MONTREAL AREA TRADE SHOW PROCHAIN SHOW DE LA RÉGION DE MONTRÉAL INFO TO COME / INFORMATION À VENIR \_ \_ \_ \_ \_ \_ \_ \_ \_ \_ DIFFERENTS TRADE SHOWS AROUND THE COUNTRY INFO TO COME / INFORMATION À VENIR \_ \_ \_ \_ \_ \_ \_ \_ \_ \_ SNEAK PICS OF BLUE LINE MAGAZINE BEST DRESSED CANADIAN POLICE VEHICLE WINNERS FOR 2020 BEST DRESSED FOR 2020 PLUS BEAU LETTRAGE POUR 2020 TERREBONNE QC) OFFICIAL PHOTO FROM OUR FRIEND AND CONTRIBUTOR MR. GERRY BABCOCK WE SALUTE HIM AND CONGRATULATE TERREBONNE PD (QC) LA PHOTO OFFICIELLE A ÉTÉ PRISE PAR NOTRE AMI ET CONTRIBUTEUR M. GERRY BABCOCK NOUS LE SALUONS ET FÉLICITONS LE SERVICE DE POLICE DE TERREBONNE (QC) QUELQUES PHOTOS DES GAGNANTS DU CONCOURS DES PLUS BEAUX VÉHICULES DE POLICE AU CANADA POUR 2020 POUR PLUS D'INFORMATIONS FOR MORE INFORMATIONS | | | --- | | [https://www.blueline.ca/congratulations-to- canadas-2020-best-dressed- police-vehicle-award-winners//](https://www.blueline.ca/congratulations-to-canadas-2020-) | \_ \_ \_ \_ \_ \_ \_ \_ \_ \_ **Wallpapers** **Fond d'écran** **New**\_ \_ \_ \_ \_ \_ \_ \_ \_ \_ [GRC / RCMP 1 (CA)](rcmpWP1920x1080.jpg) 1920x1080 [GRC / RCMP 2 (CA)](grckWP1920x1080.jpg) 1920x1080 [Canadian Pacific Police (CA)](CPPS034_1920x1080.jpg) 1920x1080 [Commercial Vehicles Safety & Enforcement (BC)](CVSE027%201920x1080.jpg) 1920x1080 [Shediac Municipal Bylaw Enforcement (NB)](ShediacBylawWP1920x1080.jpg) 1920x1080 [Contrôle Routier 1 (QC)](ControleurRoutierWP1920x1080.jpg) 1920x1080 [Contrôle Routier 2 (QC)](ControleurRoutier2WP1920x1080.jpg) 1920x1080 [Contrôle Routier 3 (QC)](ControleurRoutier3WP1920x1080.jpg) 1920x1080 [Contrôle Routier 4 (QC)](ControleurRoutier4WP1920x1080.jpg) 1920x1080 [Lac-des-Deux-Montagnes (QC)](LacdesDeuxMontagnesQC1920x1080.jpg) 1920x1080 [Laval (old design) (QC)](LavalWP1920x1080.jpg) 1920x1080 [Laval (new design 2018) (QC)](LavalnewQC1920x1080.jpg) 1920x1080 [Longueuil Agglomération (QC)](LongueuilAgglomerationQC1291920X1080.jpg) 1920x1080 [Québec (QC)](SPVQFPIsedan045_1920x1080.jpg) 1920x1080 [Repentigny (QC)](RepentignyWP1920x1080.jpg) 1920x1080 [Saint-Jérôme 1 (QC)](saintjerome1WP1920x1080.jpg) 1920x1080 [Saint-Jérôme 2 (QC)](saintjerome2WP1920x1080.jpg) 1920x1080 [Sûreté du Québec 1 (QC)](SQ1WP1920x1080.jpg) 1920x1080 [Thérèse-de-Blainville 1 (QC)](ThereseDeBlanvilleQC5411920x1080.jpg) 1920x1080 [Thérèse-de-Blainville 2 (QC)](ThereseDeBlanvilleQC5441920x1280.jpg) 1920x1080 [Weyburn (SK)](WeyburnSK1920x1080.jpg) 1920x1080 | . . | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | --- | | **CANADIAN AGENCIES / AGENCES CANADIENNES** | . | | | --- | | **[ROYAL CANADIAN MOUNTED POLICE - GENDARMERIE ROYALE DU CANADA](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/rcmp/index.html)** | | **[MILITARY POLICE - POLICE MILITAIRE](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/Canada/military/index.html)** | | **[BATTLEFIELD PARK POLICE - POLICE DU PARC DES CHAMPS DE BATAILLES](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/Canada/battlefieldpark/index.html)** | | **[CANADIAN NATIONAL RAILWAY POLICE - POLICE DU CANADIEN NATIONAL](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/Canada/cnr/index.html)** | | **[CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY POLICE - POLICE DU CANADIEN PACIFIQUE](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/Canada/cpr/index.html)** | | **[CANADIAN PACIFIC POLICE SERVICE - SERVICE DE POLICE DU CANADIEN PACIFIQUE](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/Canada/cp/index.html)** | **[PARLIAMENTARY PROTECTIVE SERVICE - SERVICE DE PROTECTION PARLEMENTAIRE](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/Canada/parliamentaryprotective/index.html)** | | | --- | | **[CUSTOMS CANADA - DOUANES CANADA](http://policecanada.ca/policeca/Canada/customscanada/index.html)** | | **[CANADA POST - 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<html> <head><meta name="description" content="ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF DIFFERENT FILM SIZES - history with pictures > <meta name="keywords" content="MOVIE,MOTION PICTURES,MOVING PICTURES, CINEMA, CINE, FILM, FILM SIZES, WIDTHS, GAUGES, CAMERAS, PROJECTORS, EASTMAN, KODAK, PATHE, LUMIERE, EDISON, ERNEMANN,VICTOR, WIDESCREEN, CINERAMA, INVENTOR, IMAX, Cinematographe, ACRES, BIRTAC, FRIESE-GREENE,LE PRINCE, PRESTWICH, MUTOSCOPE, BIOGRAPH,BIOKAM, Corbett-Fitzsimmons, KEMCO,16mm, 35mm, 8mm, super 8, 9,5mm, 9.5mm, 22mm,17,5mm, 28mm, super 16, Skladanowsky, REGULAR 8mm, SUPER DUPER 8mm, CINELUX, CINEBLOC, ALADDIN"> <META NAME="Classification" CONTENT="MOVIE FILM HISTORY"> </head> <title>One hundred Years of Film Sizes. Almost one hundred film widths and perforations were experimented with.</title> <SCRIPT>  </SCRIPT> </head> <BODY BACKGROUND="filmsiz3.jpg" bgproperties="fixed">  <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript"> var sc_project=1692748; var sc_invisible=0; var sc_partition=16; var sc_security="3b606d7c"; </script> <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript" src="http://www.statcounter.com/counter/counter.js"></script><noscript><a href="http://www.statcounter.com/" target="_blank"><img src="http://c17.statcounter.com/counter.php?sc_project=1692748&java=0&security=3b606d7c&invisible=0" alt="free web stats" border="0"></a> </noscript>   <STRONG> <A NAME="TOP"></A> <TABLE ALIGN=LEFT> <TR> <TD BGCOLOR="#63b8ff"> <IMG SRC="lumiere.jpg" WIDTH="295" HEIGHT="205"></TD></TR></TABLE> <div align=center><center> <table border="4" cellpadding="6"> <tr><td align=center BGCOLOR="#63b8ff"><font color="#FF2400" size="+3">More than one hundred years</font><BR> <font size="+2"><i>of</i></font><h1 align=center><font FACE="TIMES ROMAN" size="+8"><i>Film Sizes</i></font> </h1> </td></tr> </table> </center></div><BR CLEAR=ALL> <h2 align=center><font color="#238E23">Film sizes, marvelous scope for collecting</font></h2> <CENTER><H3><FONT COLOR="#32CD32"><U>SUMMARY</U></FONT></H3></CENTER> <UL> <LI><A HREF="#STANDARD">35mm, struggle for standardization</A> <LI><A HREF="#variety">Many early filmsizes </A> <LI><A HREF="#amateur">Variety of amateur film sizes<A> <LI><A HREF="#safety">Safety uninflammable film</A> <LI><A HREF="#KOK">28mm</A> <LI><A HREF="#GLASS">Glass- and semi-gramophone records</A> <LI><A HREF="#OTHER">Other formats</A> <LI><A HREF="#9,5">Neuf-cinq, nine-five, 9,5mm</A> <LI><A HREF="#16">16mm, sixteen millimeter</A> <LI><A HREF="#17,5">17,5mm</A> <LI><A HREF="#8mm">8mm - Bootlace</A> <LI><A HREF="#super">Super/single 8 and super 16mm </A> <LI><A HREF="#widescreen">Widescreen</A> <LI><A HREF="#collecting">Collecting off-gauge movie equipment and films</A> <LI><A HREF="#MORE">More sizes: 8,75, 11, 38mm</A> <LI><A HREF="#LINKS">Literature and links</A> </LI></UL> <A NAME="STANDARD"></A> <h3><u>Struggle for standardization</u></h3> <p>One hundred years of cinema is also due to acceptance of one standard gauge. Whereas film equipment has undergone drastic changes in the course of a century it is a little miracle that 35mm has remained the universally accepted film size. If film had followed the same course as video, with its continuing change of systems, the development might have been delayed considerably. </p> <TABLE ALIGN=RIGHT CELLSPACING="8"> <CAPTION ALIGN=BOTTOM><I>Edison</I></CAPTION> <TR> <TD><IMG SRC="edison.jpg" WIDTH="220" HEIGHT="180" ALT="Edison"></TD></TR></TABLE> <p>We owe the format to a great extent to <I>Edison (see photo)</I> - in fact 35mm was called the <i>Edison size</i> before.</P><P><A NAME="edison"></A> <A HREF="edfilm1.jpg"><IMG SRC="edf1icon.jpg" ALT="Monkeyshines 1890">Click on icon for <I>Monkeyshines</i> Edison film strip of 1890</A></P><P> <A HREF="ed1891.jpg"><IMG SRC="ed91icon.jpg" ALT="1891 Kinetograph film strip">Edison Kinetograph film strip of June 18th,1891 (click)</A></P> <P>In May 1889 Thomas Edison had ordered a Kodak camera from the Eastman Company and was apparently fascinated by the 70mm roll of film used. Thereupon <i>W.K.L.Dickson</i> of his laboratory ordered a roll of film of 1 3/8"(ca. 35 mm) width from Eastman. This was half the film size used in Eastman Kodak cameras. It was to be used in a new type of <i>Kinetoscope</i> for moving images on a strip of celluloid film, which could be viewed by one person at the time.</p> <TABLE ALIGN=RIGHT CELLSPACING=8> <CAPTION ALIGN=BOTTOM><I>Lumière film</I></CAPTION> <TR> <TD><IMG SRC="lumframe.jpg" ALT="Lumiere filmframe"></TD></TR></TABLE> <p>The <i>Lumière</i> brothers introduced in March 1895 their <i>Cinématographe</i> for 35mm film, which was also used at their first public show of 28 December of that year. Their strip of film had only one round hole per image, whereas Edison used four rectangular perforations per frame.</P> <A NAME="variety"></A> <P>Even at that time there was already a variety of widths: <BR> <ul> <li>54mm (2 1/8") (<i>Friese-Greene in 1887</i>) <li>54mm paperfilm (2 1/8") (<i>Le Prince, 1888</i>), <li>54mm (<A HREF="skladano.jpg">Skladanowsky, 1895 </A>) </LI></UL> <TABLE ALIGN=RIGHT> <CAPTION ALIGN=BOTTOM><FONT SIZE="-1"><I>Skladanowski film</I></FONT></CAPTION><TR><TD><IMG SRC="skadalowsifilm.gif"> </TD></TR></TABLE> <li>60mm<i>(Prestwich, Demeney, 1893-96</i>)<BR> Demeny Phonoscope 1893<BR> <A HREF="gaumont60mm.jpg">Gaumont-Demeny Chronophotographe, 1896</A> <LI>38mm (<I>Casimir Sivan/E.Dalphin, Geneva, 1896)</I> <LI><A HREF="a.wichmann/parnalandfilm.jpg">Parnaland 34 (35?) film perforation (showing Sarah Bernard in Hamlet)</A> <li>63mm (<i>Veriscope, 1897</i>). <li>65mm (<I>Hughes Moto-Photoscope, 1897</I>)Also for 3" wide film <LI>68mm (Biograph 1897 camera) <li>70mm unperforated experimental film, <I>Birt Acres</I> 1894 <LI> <A HREF="leeturner38.jpg">Lee & Turner colour film, 1901</A> </li> </ul> <TABLE ALIGN=RIGHT><CAPTION ALIGN=BOTTOM><FONT SIZE="-1"><I>Le Prince and his film</I></FONT></CAPTION><TR><TD> <IMG SRC="leprince.jpg" align="left"><IMG SRC="leprort2.gif" align="right"></TD></TR></TABLE><BR CLEAR=ALL><HR> <p>The abovementioned <em>William Dickson</em>, after leaving Edison, used 2 3/4" (70 mm) for his <i>Mutoscope & Biograph Company' </i>productions to avert Edison's patent rights. Cameramen of this company travelled all over Europe to produce documentaries of a remarkable image quality.<br> Widescreen also proved excellently suitable for other subjects. </P><A NAME="63"></A> <TABLE ALIGN=LEFT CELLSPACING=8> <TR> <TD><CAPTION ALIGN=BOTTOM><FONT SIZE="-1"><I>70mm film Corbett-Fitzsimmons fight</I></FONT></CAPTION><TR><TD align="left"><IMG SRC="corbett.jpg" WIDTH="207" HEIGHT="206" ALT="Fight Corbett-Fitzsimmons"></TD></TR></TABLE> <P> In 1897 more than 10.000 feet of 63mm film was shot of the then famous box match between Corbett and Fitzsimmons.</p> <p>One of the problems to be dealt with was the strength of the film base. Because film is pulled through the filmgate in short strokes it comes under high tension. Therefore perforations were torn time and again. Eastman overcame this weakness by doubling the thickness of the nitrate base, which was normally used for film packs from 1896 onward.</p> <p>By the turn of the century film appeared to become big business. the struggle for the monopoly of the patents intensified. To avoid lengthy court cases the nine major producers of the time decided to pool their rights in the <i>Motion Pictures Patents Company</i> in 1909. This consortium threatened to outlaw outsiders from further film production. Despite the general outcry one favourable effect was that 35mm became standardized to Bell & Howell specifications. It was adopted a.o. by the Congrès International des Editeurs de Films in Paris in the same year. It was named <em>standard-size</em> stock, in Germany <i>Normalfilm</i> and in France <i>pélicule format standard</i>. Eastman Kodak became the chief film supplier (<A HREF="kodakfilmad.jpg">see 1912 ad)</A>. </p><A NAME="normal"></A> <p>This does not imply that no further attempts were being made to introduce other gauges. The standard size was besieged continuously for reasons of economy, projection quality or aesthetic design.</p><HR> <A NAME="amateur"></A> <h4><u>Great variety of amateur film sizes</u></h4> <p>A fierce competition raged in the amateur market. Economy and dimensions were the chief ingredients. The public had to be won over by relative inexpensiveness. Amateur film was usually cut from 35 mm professional raw stock , that was produced in large quantities and therefore economical to buy. The film was cut in two or three lengths - the substandard size, or "Schmalfilm" in Germany.</p> <p>The first attempt was demonstrated in England by <A HREF="acrestotal.htm">Birt Acres</A> in 1898. His camera, projector at the same time, the <A HREF="Birtac.JPG">Birtac</A>, used 17½ mm size with perforations on one side.<BR> <TABLE ALIGN=LEFT CELLSPACING=8> <TR> <TD> <IMG SRC="biokam.jpg" ALT="The Biokam"> <CAPTION ALIGN=BOTTOM VALIGN=BOTTOM><I>The Biokam</I></CAPTION></TD></TR> </TABLE> <TABLE ALIGN=RIGHT CELLSPACING=8> <TR> <TD><IMG SRC="bioframe.jpg"></TD></TR></TABLE> A few months later in 1899 followed by the <i>Biokam (see photo and filmframe)</i> (for £ 6.6/-), also in 17½mm (<I>see frame</I>, but perforations in the center between the images. It was not a success, a.o. because of the proficiency needed to produce acceptable results.</p> <p>In the same year <i>J.A.Prestwich</i> introduced 13mm equipment, but little was heard of it since.</p><A NAME="kino"></A> <TABLE ALIGN=RIGHT CELLSPACING=8> <CAPTION ALIGN=BOTTOM><I>Ernemann Kino II of 1904</I></CAPTION> <TR><TD> <IMG SRC="a.wichmann/ernemannkino2.jpg" CELLSPACING=8 WIDTH="316" HEIGHT="315" ALT="Ernemann Kino II"></TD></TR></TABLE> <TABLE ALIGN=LEFT CELLSPACING=6><TR><TD><IMG SRC="ernstrip.jpg" ALIGN=LEFT ALT="17,5mm Ernemann film"></TR></TD></TABLE> <p>More succesful was <i>Heinrich Ernemann</i>, who introduced in 1903 the <i>Kino I</i>. It used the same film as the Biokam. This apparatus could also be used for both taking and projecting pictures - a combination which has been experimented with for years without much success, lately by the American <i>Wittnauer Cine-Twin</i> 8mm set.</p><BR CLEAR=ALL> <p>In 1900 <i>Gaumont-Demeny</i> ventured with an unusual size: 15mm, with center perforation. The <A HREF="chrpoche.jpg">Chrono de Poche </A>did not make it either. Nowadays it is a rarity. In the same year another French firm introduced the <i>Mirograph</i> which used an equally odd size: 20 mm. It had on one side notches instead of perforations. I have yet to see one single specimen.</p> <P>In the United States the first projector using non-standard film appeared around 1902. This home cinema used a carbide lamp. It was called the <A HREF="http://members.lycos.nl/cinemat/vitakprox.jpg">Vitak</A> and used 17,5mm film. A few years later another projector appeared with a similar appearance. It was the <A HREF="ikonographB.jpg">Ikonograph</A>, using 17,5mm film with a large center perforation.<BR> In 1923 11,5mm was re-introduced in the USA with the <A HREF="http://www.xs4all.nl/~wichm/duplexproj.jpg"> Duplex projector. </P> <HR> <A NAME="safety"></A> <h4><u>Safety film</u></h4> <p>In 1897 a fierce fire destroyed the cinema pavillion of a charity bazar in Paris, which took the lives of 124 people. It is no surprise that an immediate search was opened for a replacement of the highly inflammable <i>cellulose nitrate</i> stock. In 1908 the first <i>non-flam acetate</i> film was marketed. It took decennia of perfection before it could supplant the old stock. Only in 1950 the <i>tri-acetate</i> film could be considered equal to <i>nitrate</i> film. However, for amateur films it was employed right after its invention.</p> <TABLE ALIGN=LEFT CELLSPACING=8><CAPTION ALIGN=BOTTOM><I>22 mm Home Kinetoscope</I></CAPTION> <TR> <TD><IMG SRC="edisproj.jpg" ALT="Edison 22mm projector"></TD></TR></TABLE> <TABLE ALIGN=RIGHT CELLSPACING=8> <TR> <TD><IMG SRC="ediframe.jpg"></TD></TR></TABLE> <p>In 1912 Edison introduced the <em>Home Kinetoscope </em>for safety film. It employed yet another size: 22mm. It had three rows of images sized 4 x 6mm, separated by two rows of perforations. One column of images was cranked foreward, the middle row backward, and the third row forward again. A camera was never produced. Films from 10 to 15 meter lengths in special containers were for rent from Edison depots or by mail. </p> <A HREF="edshow.jpg">Home Kinetoscope show (click)</A> <P><TABLE ALIGN=LEFT CELLSPACING=8><CAPTION ALIGN=BOTTOM><I>22mm Ozaphane film</I></CAPTION><TR><TD><IMG SRC="22mm.jpg" ALT="22mm Ozaphane film"> </TD></TR></TABLE> Ten years later in 1922 Sté Gallus introduced a projector, the <A HREF="cineblocproj.jpg">Cinebloc</A>, using the same size of film in a different manner. It used double-sided perforated 22mm Ozaphan cellophane film. Of the Cinebloc little was heard of either since.</P><BR CLEAR=ALL> <P><TABLE ALIGN=LEFT CELLSPACING=8><CAPTION ALIGN=BOTTOM><I>24mm unperforated Ozaphane film for Cinelux </I></CAPTION><TR><TD><IMG SRC="IMAGES/cinelux.jpg" ALT="24mm Ozaphane film"> </TD></TR></TABLE> <P>In 1931 <B>Cinelux</B> film projectors were introduced, a silent and sound model. A highly unusual 24mm unperforated Ozaphan film size was being used, the mechanism being a beater movement.</P> <P><TABLE ALIGN=RIGHT CELLSPACING=8><CAPTION ALIGN=BOTTOM><I>Cinelux silent projector</I></CAPTION><TR><TD><IMG SRC="IMAGES/cineluxmuet.jpg" ALT="24mm Ozaphane film"> </TD></TR></TABLE> </P><BR CLEAR=ALL> <HR> <A NAME="KOK"></A> <h4><u>28 mm</u></h4> <TABLE ALIGN=RIGHT CELLSPACING=8> <CAPTION ALIGN=BOTTOM><I>Pathé Kok</I></CAPTION> <TR> <TD><IMG SRC="pathkok.jpg" ALT="The Pathé Kok"></TD></TR></TABLE> <p>In 1912 Pathé introduced with far more success a 28mm size for safety film. The width deviated in order to prevent flammable normal sized film be used for the projector, the <i>Pathé Kok (see image</i>). <TABLE ALIGN=LEFT CELLSPACING=8> <CAPTION ALIGN=BOTTOM><I>28 mm film</I></CAPTION> <TR> <TD><IMG SRC="28mm.jpg"></TD></TR></TABLE> In France the film had on the left side three perforations per frame and on the right side one (<I>see image</I>). The single right side perforation was to make framing unnecessary. (Click for image of Pathé Kok camera <A HREF="pathe28.jpg">here</A>)</p> <TABLE ALIGN=RIGHT CELLSPACING=8> <CAPTION ALIGN=BOTTOM><I>New Premier Pathescope</I></CAPTION> <TR> <TD><IMG SRC="newpremier.jpg" WIDTH="207" HEIGHT="292" ALT="The new Premier Pathescope"></TD></TR></TABLE> <p>When during WW1 imports from France into the U.S.A. came to a halt <i>Victor</i> introduced their Safety and Home Cinema projectors for 28mm films perforated with three perforations per frame on both sides.</P><TABLE ALIGN=LEF T CELLSPACING=8> <CAPTION ALIGN=BOTTOM><I>Victor 28mm projector</I></CAPTION> <TR> <TD><IMG SRC="victor28c.jpg" ALT="Victor 28mm projector"></TD></TR></TABLE> <P>Pathé's distributor <i>W.B.Cook</i> designed a completely new motorized projector, the <i>New Premier Pathescope (see photo)</i>. Not many were sold, however. Keystone and other manufacturers also introduced a 28mm projector, but reverted soon again to the 35mm size.</p> <p>The <i>Pathé Kok </i>projector (The name was taken from from the newly patented logo of a cock) was equipped usually with a dynamo. So it could be used on the not yet electrified countryside. At the same time 28mm cameras were marketed. The emphasis was on showing theatrical films copied from the large film library of Pathé, however. <br> Initially the new size seemed to do well and was accepted as a standard size for the home cinema. By 1918 10.000 projectors were sold. <P>The projector enjoyed quite some popularity. In the United States 28mm was accepted as a standard size for portable film projectors by the Society of Motion Picture Engineers. 935 Titles were for rent.</P> <P> Later developments made the format decline in popularity. Yet the Kok projectors are a showpiece in a collection nowadays, especially so because of its splendid design resembling a robust old-time sewing machine. </p><HR><A NAME="glas"></A> <A NAME="GLASS"></A> <h3><u>Glass and semi-gramophone records</u></h3> <p>Besides emulsion on film base experiments were carried out with celluloid and glass plates. There was still a fierce competition between the magic lantern with its non-inflammable glass slides and the vulnerable film stock.</p> <ul> <li>As early as 1890 <i>Rudge</i> projected moving images from glass plates for the Bath Photographic Society.</li> <li>In 1892 <i>Demeny</i> followed with an apparatus named, the <i>Phonoscope</i>, with which a glass plate with 18 photographs of a man saying "je vous aime" could be projected. </li> <LI>In 1897 E.&H.T. Anthony in troduced their <A HREF="anthonyproj.jpg"> Spiral </A>camera projector exposing 200 images on a glass plate.In the same year the Bettini Brothers introduced their 'Plattenkinematograph' recording 576 images on a glass plate. <li>In 1898 Leo Kamm used for his <A HREF="kammcam.jpg">Kammatograph</A> a round glass plate of 30 cm width on which 350 to 550 images were registered in spiral form. </li> <LI><A HREF="bettini.jpg">Bettini plattenkamera Germany</A>, around 1900, 576 images on photographic plate. <li>The <i>Cinéphot</i> of <i>Huet & Cie.</i> introduced in 1904 used a double magazine with 2 x 24 frames on a disc of 6". </li> <li>The French <i>Olikos</i> of 1912 employed a rectangular 9,5 x 9cm glass plate on which 12 rows of 7 images each were registered.</li> <li>A similar apparatus was the French <A HREF="a.wichmann2/leseulx.jpg">Le Seul</A> using a glass negative of 9 x 12 cm </li> <TABLE ALIGN=LEFT CELLSPACING=8> <TR> <TD><IMG SRC="spirogra.jpg" ALT="Spirogram"></TD></TR></TABLE> <li>The American Urban <A HREF="spirograph.jpg">Spirograph</A> of 1915, apparently inspired by the popular gramophone, used a celluloid disc with 1200 frames. Each disc had a projection time of two minutes. A disc library with hundreds of titles was to be made available. It is doubtful whether it ever came that far, because nothing was heard more of the venture after some time.</P> <TABLE ALIGN=RIGHT CELLSPACING=8> <TR> <TD><IMG SRC="a.wichmann/babyAladdin1060x.jpg" WIDTH="220" HEIGHT="225" ALT="Aladdin disc"></TD></TR></TABLE> <P>Yet, undaunted, <I>The Aladdin Cine Products Co. ('from the Pictures Development Co., Toledo, Ohio, USA')</I> produced a similar experimental series of discs of local subjects, but fared a fate even worse than Spirograph.</P> <p>All these curious attempts make a fine hunting field for the collector nowadays. A <i>Kammatograph</i> was auctioned by Christies for £ 3850 in 1993 and may be worth more now.</p> <HR> <A NAME="OTHER"></A> <h3><u>Other formats</u></h3> <TABLE ALIGN=LEFT CELLSPACING="8"> <CAPTION ALIGN=BOTTOM><FONT SIZE="-1"><I>Duplex half frame film</I></FONT></CAPTION> <TR> <TD> <IMG SRC="http://www.xs4all.nl/~wichm/duplexhalframe.jpg"></TD></TR></TABLE> In 1915 the Duplex Corporation proposed an economical use of the 35mm film size, by dividing the frame in two halves and copying existing 35mm films on to one half of the 35mm stock without splitting the film up.</P><P>Special Duplex projector lenses were to be made available to project the 10 x 19mm half frame onto the screen.<BR>I have a brochure but have been unable to find any reference that the system was seriously considered, or the Duplex lenses ever made available.</P> <TABLE ALIGN=RIGHT CELLSPACING=8> <CAPTION ALIGN=BOTTOM><I>42mm sound film 1922</I></CAPTION> <TR><TD> <IMG SRC="http://members.lycos.nl/cinemat/42mmfilm.jpg" CELLSPACING=8 ALT="42mm film"></TD></TR></TABLE> <P>Another proposal came in 1922 for a <B>42 mm</B> size to accomodate a 7mm optical sound track to existing 35mm film by the German Triergon company. </P> <HR> <A NAME="9,5"></A> <TABLE ALIGN=RIGHT CELLSPACING=8> <TR> <TD><IMG SRC="pathembl.jpg"></TD></TR></TABLE> <h3><i><u>Neuf-cinq (nine-five)</u></i></h3> <p>After thirty years of experimentation with different widths in 1922 one was marketed which stood a better chance. In December 1922 Pathé introduced its home cinema,<i> Le Cinéma chez soi</i>, called the <i>Pathé Baby</i>.</p> <TABLE ALIGN=LEFT CELLSPACING=8> <CAPTION ALIGN=BOTTOM><I>Unspliced 9,5mm film</I></CAPTION> <TR> <TD><IMG SRC="triplpat3.jpg" WIDTH="180" HEIGHT="85" ALT="Unspliced 9,5mm"></TD></TR></TABLE><P> Between the perforations of 35mm film three rows of 9,5mm were slit (<I>see image</I>). <BR> The projector came first. Its transportation mechanism was almost identical to the Lumière Cinématograph of 1895. The apparatus projected a steady image of amazing clarity considering the lamp of 6 Watt. Cassettes with lengths of 9 or 15 meter 9,5mm film could be bought or rented from depots. These films stood out by their great definition. They were reduced from Pathé's considerable 35mm archive. Subjects included newsreels, documentaries, comedies and feature films. Some were colored by a stencil imprint method. An ingenuous system was used to prolong the projection time. By means of notches in the film a mechanism was set into motion in the projector by which certain images - titles or close-ups - could be frozen for a few seconds. </P> <TABLE ALIGN=LEFT CELLSPACING=8> <CAPTION ALIGN=BOTTOM><I>Pathé Baby set</I></CAPTION> <TR> <TD><IMG SRC="babyset.jpg" WIDTH="140" HEIGHT="200" ALT="Pathé Baby set"></TD></TR></TABLE> <p>In 1923 a camera with hand crank was marketed. It being small in size, handy and economical, made it popular in a short time. It was for the first time that amateur film gained a wider acceptance. It is estimated that some 300.000 projectors were sold. What happened to all of them is another matter. They are not that often being offered for sale nowadays.</p> <p>As a result of later developments the size never became popular in the U.S.A. In Europe it was. Even in Japan imitations of 9,5mm movie cameras and projectors were manufactured before the war (Cine Rola). In 1938 9,5mm sound film was introduced with the <i>Pathé Vox</i> sound-projector.</p> <p>It may come as a surprise to some but 9,5 mm still has a following. Cameras and projectors are still manufactured, or more precisely, modern equipment is being converted to this size. Films are still re-perforated by some firms and developing facilities are available, given enough patience. <br> Internationally 9,5mm fans form a closely knit community holding yearly global gatherings. The best nine-five films of that year are projected then.</p><HR> <A NAME="16"></A> <h3><u>Sixteen millimeter</u></h3> <p>Kodak could not lag behind Pathé. John Capstaff of the Kodak laboratories had already been experimenting with another size. They had come to the conclusion that 10mm was the minimum image width for acceptable quality. Perforations on both sides would occupy another 6mm, making a total of 16mm. This gauge had the additional advantage that flammable 35mm stock could not not be slit in half for amateur use.</P> <P>In 1923 16mm was introduced. In the battle for the amateur market Pathé boasted that its size was cheaper because of its economical use of the film width. Its prices suited all(?) purses. In their sales' slogans Pathé boasted that 9,5mm had almost the same frame size of 16mm at the price of 8mm. </p> <p>Kodak opposed that middle perforations could cause stripes over the image. Moreover if the projector claw failed to hit the perforation accurately the images could easily be damaged.</P> <P> The grain quality of 16mm was better. Kodak introduced with 16mm a reversal developing process with variable second exposure. It did away with the procedure followed so far to have negative film copied onto positive stock. As a result the costs were reduced to only 1/6 of the negative/positive process.<br> In later years a sound track was added on one side of the film, sacrificing one row of perforations. It was accepted as an SMPE standard in 1932.</p><HR> <A NAME="17,5"></A> <h3><u>17,5 mm</u></h3> <P>Split 35mm had always been popular as an alternative gauge. The American <A HREF="sinematproj.jpg"> Sinemat</A> camera/projector used it with perforations on one side in 1915.</P> <TABLE ALIGN=LEFT CELLSPACING="8"> <CAPTION ALIGN=BOTTOM><FONT SIZE="-1">Movette 17,5 mm<I></I></FONT></CAPTION> <TR> <TD> <IMG SRC="movette.jpg" WIDTH="302" height="212"></TD></TR></TABLE> <p> Two years later the <B>Movette</B> camera and projector appeared for non-flammable 17,5mm stock. It had round perforations on each side.</p> <TABLE ALIGN=RIGHT CELLSPACING="8"> <CAPTION ALIGN=BOTTOM><FONT SIZE="-1">Movette film<I></I></FONT></CAPTION> <TR> <TD> <IMG SRC="movetteclip.jpg"></TD></TR></TABLE> <p>In the twenties Pathé, when considering a new size of film for projectors used for shows in places in the country where no cinema was operating, also opted for 17,5mm. An optimum use of the film width was obtained by expanding the image and reducing the size of the perforations on both sides.</P> <TABLE ALIGN=LEFT CELLSPACING="8"> <CAPTION ALIGN=BOTTOM><FONT SIZE="-1">Rural 17,5 mm<I></I></FONT></CAPTION> <TR> <TD> <IMG SRC="ruralfilmclip.jpg"></TD></TR></TABLE> <P>The Pathé Rural was obtainable from 1926. Pathescope, Great Britain, followed with the Pathé Rex projector only in 1932. At the same time a film library was made available with well-known films of that era. In 1932 sound film was introduced - the sound track replacing one row of perforations as in 16mm. Although 17,5mm en joyed some popularity before the war - it was used in 4823 cinema's in France - it disappeared in Great Britain in 1939. In France in the first war years as the German occupation power did not permit off-gauge films be shown for censorship reasons.</p><BR CLEAR=ALL> <CENTER><IMG SRC="lite_anm.gif" width="398" height="4"></CENTER> <A NAME="8mm"></A><HR> <h3><u>8mm bootlace</u></h3> <TABLE ALIGN=LEFT CELLSPACING=8> <TR> <TD><IMG SRC="8_16mm.jpg"></TD></TR></TABLE> <TABLE ALIGN=LEFT CELLSPACING="8"> <CAPTION ALIGN=BOTTOM><FONT SIZE="-1"><I>Kemco camera</I></FONT></CAPTION> <TR> <TD> <IMG SRC="kemco8.jpg" WIDTH="207" HEIGHT="160"></TD></TR></TABLE> In 1930 <em>Kodel</em> pioneered in the United States with the idea to reduce film costs drastically by a yet more economical use of the 16mm width. With an ingenuous mechanism they succeeded in inserting 4 images on the surface of one 16mm frame. Besides the <em>Kemco Home Movie</em> camera a dual size projector was introduced for 16mm and 1/4x16mm.</p> <p>The death blow was given to this attempt when <em>Kodak</em> introduced 8mm film in 1932. 16 Mm was given twice the number of perforations. First one half of the film was exposed. Thereafter the reel was turned and the other half was shot. After processing the film was slit in the middle and the two 8mm halfs spliced together. In this manner as many frames were available on the 25ft small reel as on 100 ft 16mm film. </p> <p>Because changing reels in the middle proved to be cumbersome a number of manufacturers introduced straight 8mm wound on 50 ft reels (Univex, Bell & Howell), or in cassettes (Agfa). Because of the lack of uniformity resulting in limited availability straight 8mm did not catch on.</p> <hr><h3><u>New sizes in the fifties</u></h3> <p>In spite of its advantages nine-five lost field. Kodak had acquired a main share in Pathé in the late twenties. It had no interest in pushing that size actively. The supremacy of 8 and 16mm lasted for a considerable number of years. Yet there were attempts to introduce for the amateur economic widescreen sizes.</p> <P>In fact in the first year of WW2 in the German magazine 'Film für Alle' J.Pauli of Berlin proposed using first one half of the 16mm size, turn the film around and then expose the second half. It involved holding the camera vertically and the use of a mask. The projector would need a prism to project a horizontal wide-screen image. Once one half of the film was projected it needed to be turned over in order to project the opposite half. How a film was to be edited without interfering with the opposite frames was not gone into wisely.</P> <A NAME="duplex"></A> <TABLE ALIGN=LEFT CELLSPACING="8"> <CAPTION ALIGN=BOTTOM><FONT SIZE="-1"><I>Pathé widescreen<BR> 4 3/4mm film</I></FONT></CAPTION> <TR> <TD> <IMG SRC="pathe 4 3_4mmx film.jpg"></TD></TR></TABLE> <p>Pathé made a more serious attempt to hook on to the popularity of widescreen in the fifties by introducing a <em>duplex </em>and <em>monoplex</em> format in 1955. 9,5mm was double perforated and split in the middle to a 4 3/4mm size which was to be projected horizontally in widescreen. It was an ill-conceived idea. The public showed no interest at all. Few cameras and projectors were sold. The venture was abandoned soon and forgotten in no time. Available stock was converted to the classic 9,5mm size.</P> <P>The 4 3/4 mm <em>Lido/Orly Duplex</em> cameras and the <IMG SRC="patduplx.jpg" width=300 height=240>Monaco</A> Duplex projector have become rare collectors' items.</p><HR> <A NAME="super"></A> <h3><u>Super/single 8 and super 16</u></h3> <p>Eight millimetre also underwent a transformation in 1965. The frame image was enlarged by 50% by using smaller vertical perforations. The so called <em>super 8</em> film was supplied in 50' 8mm cassettes (having a striking resemblance to Meopta cassettes introduced years before). As from 1973 with magnetic sound stripe. Fuji attempted to introduce a far better conceived <em>single 8</em> mm system but could not compete with Kodak.</p> <TABLE ALIGN=LEFT CELLSPACING="8"> <CAPTION ALIGN=BOTTOM><FONT SIZE="-1"><I>Double super 8mm film</I></FONT></CAPTION> <TR> <TD> <IMG SRC="ds8film.jpg"></TD></TR></TABLE> <p>For semi-professional use <em>double super 8</em> was supplied in the manner of standard 8mm on 16mm 100 ft. reels. It gave far better results because the film passed through the precision film gate of the camera instead of that of the magazine. In addition to the larger frame size and the improved emulsion super 8 compared well with 16mm of the fifties. No wonder that 16mm was hardly used anymore by amateurs.</p> <p> <TABLE ALIGN=LEFT CELLSPACING="8"> <CAPTION ALIGN=BOTTOM><FONT SIZE="-1"><I>Super 16mm</I></FONT></CAPTION> <TR> <TD> <IMG SRC="super16.jpg"></TD></TR></TABLE> The 16mm used by professionals was given a boost by the introduction of <em>super 16</em> mm in 1971. The 16mm image was enlarged by using also the space normally taken up by the sound track. This film size is excellently suitable to be blown up to 35mm. Because of its widescreen dimensions it lends itself perfectly for modern televion systems, like Pal Plus. There are suggestions to enlarge the image size even further by introducing vertical perforations similar to those used in super 8mm. A <A HREF="http://www.ikonoskop.com/a-cam-sp16/sp16/">Super-16 format</A> was developed subsequently by Swedish cinematographer Rune Ericson. </p><BR CLEAR=ALL><HR> <A NAME="widescreen"></A> <h3>Widescreen</h3> <p>As stated before widescreen became popular in the fifties. However, it was proceeded by various attempts in the past, even in the nineteenth century as we have seen before, followed by: </p> <ul> <li>1900 - 75mm <i>Wide Film</i> of Lumière </li> <li>1900 - 70mm <i>Cinéorama</i> of <i>Raoul Grimoin-Sanson</i> </li> <li>1914 - 70mm <i>Panoramica</i> (of <i>Filoteo Alberini</i>) </li> <li>1926 - 63,5mm <i>Natural Vision</i>, R.K.O. </li> <li>1929 - 70mm <i>Grandeur</i> of Twentieth Century Fox</li> <li>1930 - 56mm <i>Magnafilm</i> Paramount </li> <li>1930 - 70mm <i>Realife</i>, M.G.M. </li> <li>1930 - 65mm <i>Vitascope</i> Warner Bros.</li> </ul> <p>All these ventures did not last for much longer than a year. In the fifties another series of attempts were made to introduce large film sizes for widescreen. To name a few: </p> <ul> <li>1954 - 65mm <i>Todd-AO</i> <A HREF="toddao.jpg"> click for picture of camera</A> <li>1955 - 55,625mm <i>Cinemascope-55</i> <li>1956 - 65mm <i>Super Panavision</i></li> </ul> <TABLE ALIGN=LEFT CELLSPACING=8><CAPTION ALIGN=BOTTOM><FONT SIZE="-1"><I>Frame of 'Oklahoma' in Todd-AO - 65mm wide negative printed onto 70mm color positive.</I> <TR> <TD><IMG SRC="oklahoma.jpg" WIDTH="226" HEIGHT="169" ALT="Widescreen frame"></TD></TR></TABLE> <TABLE ALIGN="RIGHT" CELLSPACING="8"><CAPTION ALIGN=BOTTOM><I>70 mm film</I></CAPTION> <TR> <TD><IMG SRC="70mm.jpg" ALT="70mm film"></TD></TR></TABLE> <p>In the seventies followed <A HREF="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMAX_Corporation"><i>IMAX (1970)</A>, OMNIMAX (1973), Cinema 180</i> and others with horizontal position of frames on 65mm negative film. Special theatres were built to accomodate the projectors and ultra wide screen. Specially built projectors were needed because the film could not be pulled through anymore by claw. In the Imax system it is transported by a wave motion. Thanks to the air pressure gate precision, projection on a 180º 100 ft. width screen has become possible.</p><BR CLEAR=ALL> <HR SIZE="8"> <p>From the foregoing it is clear that standardization was dictated by the economical power of one or more manufacturers. One result was the universal acceptance and growth of the medium for amusement, information and in some cases as an art form.</p> <A NAME="collecting"></A> <h3><u>Collecting off-gauge movie equipment and films</u></h3> <p>For the collector hard to find off-gauge equipment/films are a true hunting-ground. In particular the sizes that were never heard of anymore. One may still profit from the relatively low prices as compared with photographica. 8, 16 and 35mm equipment/films are often offered for sale, but it becomes more difficult with 9,5, 17,5, 22, 28mm and all the other sizes mentioned.</p> <h3><u>From 3 to 75mm</u></h3> <p>One hundred years of cinema has yielded almost one hundred film gauges from 3mm to 75mm. The smallest of 3mm was developed in 1960 by Eric Berndt for NASA to be used in space flights. It had a centre frameline perforation. The largest was employed by Lumière in 1900 for large screen presentations at the Paris Exposition.</P> <P>Most of these film sizes have been relegated to oblivion, much to the detriment of its inventors/manufacturers. Each size has its own history. </P> <A NAME="MORE"></A> <P>Certainly I have not mentioned all of them. Here are some more sizes:<BR> <UL><LI>26mm paper film used in the <A HREF="/a.wichmann/refcyx.jpg">Refcy Japanese paperfilm camera around 1930</A> <LI>38mm (Casimir Sivan, Switzerland). <LI>11,5 mm (regular 8mm+ 3,5mm for sound track) optical sound film used in a Kenner's Real Sound toy projector around 1965 <IMG SRC="11mmsize.jpg" ALIGN="TOP" ALIGN=RIGHT> <LI>16mm Harper Film system, patented in 1938. 'Edge perforations were no longer used. 3mm each side of the film were reserved for sound tracks leaving 10mm in the centre for the width of the 16mm picture frame. [Originally with two perforations per frame], at a later stage this format was modified slightly to accommodate a third centrally placed sprocket hole, apparently to ease the strain on the film now traveling at the higher speed of 18" per second. <LI><TABLE ALIGN=LEFT CELLSPACING="8"> <CAPTION ALIGN=BOTTOM><FONT SIZE="-1"><I>GanGuang FL8,75 mm projector</I></FONT></CAPTION> <TR> <TD> <IMG SRC="GanGuangFL8.75.jpg"></TD></TR></TABLE> 8,75mm film used in the seventies in The People's Republic of China for educational, propagandistic and other purposes. Chinese 35mm film stock was being slit into four strips of 8,75mm film and sound striped afterwards. Projectors for this size were also being manufactured there by a number of companies. <LI>Super duper 8mm. This new wide-screen 8mm film format had its international debut in December 2003. <i>Sleep Always</i>, the first feature film shot in the new "super-duper 8", screened in Spain at the Sitges International Film Festival of Catalonia and in New York as part of the International Festival of Cinema and Technology. Super-duper 8 utilizes traditional super 8 film but uses also the area normally reserved for the sound stripe (as with super 16). When transferred to videotape super-duper 8 utilizes 30% more image area in every frame. <LI>Super 9,5mm. Actually 11.6mm obtained by slitting 35mm film stock in three strips. Prototypes were made by amongst others by Elmo and Beaulieu in the nineties. But the project was abandoned for lack of venture capital. </LI></UL> <P>For further info on the apparatus mentioned see my List and Links below. Consult also my <A HREF="cinemat.html">Collecting vintage cinematographica page.</A></p> <p> </p> <CENTER><IMG SRC="lite_anm.gif" width="398" height="4"></CENTER> <A NAME="LINKS"></A> <h3><em>LITERATURE:</em></h3> <ul> <LI>Acres, A.B. : Frontiersman to Film-maker (2001, MS as yet unpublished) <li>Ceram, C.W.: Archeologie du Cinema (1966)</li> <li>Collins, Douglas: The story of Kodak (1990) <li>Crawford, Merritt: The first thirty years (Movie Makers December 1930) <li>Dery, Michel: Le format idéal (article)</li> <li>Jenkins, R.V.: Technology and the American Photographic Industry 1839 to 1925</li> <li>Kattelle, Alan: Home Movies (2000)</A> <LI>Kennedy, Donald D.: The Film Industry in the People's Republic of China (SMPTE Journal vol.85 Nov '76) <li>Lieshout, Henry van: Cine film formats ("Sixteen Frames" Spring '90)</li> <li>Limbacher, J.L.: Four aspects of the film (1968) <li>Matthews, G.E. and Tarkington, R.G.: Early history of Amateur Motion Picture Film (article March 1955 Journal SMPTE)</li> <li>McKee, Gerald: Film Collecting (1978)</li> <li>A Pot-pourri of film widths and sprocket holes,<br> Milestone Movie Cameras (Articles in <i>American Cinematographer</i>, Jan. 1969).</li> <LI>Rossell, Deac: Living Pictures. The origins of the movies (1998) <li>Theisen, Earl: The history of nitrocellulose as a film base. (Article March 1933 Journal SMPTE vol 20) </li></ul> <h2><font color="#22165A">Links:</font></h2> <ul> <LI><A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_film_formats">Wikipedia list of film formats</A> <li><a href="http://www.redballoon.net/~snorwood/faq2.html#SECTION00031200000000000000">Scott E. Norwood's Motion Picture formats</A> <LI><A HREF="http://cinematographes.free.fr/index-formats.html">Eric Lange: Formats spéciaux</A> <LI><A HREF="http://cinematographes.free.fr/index-formats.html">Cinematographes - French site with fine images of curious formats</A> <LI><A HREF="http://www.lumiere.org/techniques/formats-recapitulatif.html">Récapitulatif des principaux formats (French)</A> <LI><A HREF="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fXTrFXBlqkg">Sam Dodge tells about early 35mm cameras</A> <LI><A HREF="myth.html">Who invented the cinema?</A> <LI><A HREF="acrestotal.htm">Birt Acres (1854 - 1910), film pioneer</A> <LI><A HREF="http://www.xs4all.nl/~wichm/cinemat.html">Collecting vintage film apparatus</A> <LI><A HREF="cinimage.html">Pictures of vintage apparatus</A> <LI><A HREF="http://www.imax.com">Imax.com</A> <LI><A HREF="http://www.pathefilm.uk/">17,5mm Equipment (Grahame L. Newnham)</A> <LI><A HREF="http://www.pathefilm.uk">The 28mm page (Grahame L. Newnham) </A> </li></UL> <p>© Michael Rogge 2022</p> <HR> <p>This article was published originally in Dutch in the quarterly of the Fotografica Society, Netherlands, in 1996 and updated later on.<A HREF="filmform.html">(click)</A></p> <H3>Foreign translatians:</H3> <UL> <DT><A HREF="http://mysciencefeel.com/2017/09/15/yli-sadan-vuoden-filmikoot/">Finnish: Taistelu standardointi</A> <LI><A HREF="https://sciencerise.com/filmsize">Russian translation.</A> <LI><A HREF="https://pngflare.com/uz-filmsize">Uzbek translation: "Hundred years of film sizes"</A> <LI><A HREF="https://www.lawmix.ru/blog/2017/12/26/more-than-one-hundred-years-of-film-sizes/">Serbian translation</A> <LI><A HREF="http://sciencevobe.com/2017/12/25/poveke-od-sto-godini-na-film-golemini/">Macedonian translation</A> </LI></UL> <HR> <IMG SRC="new.gif" ALIGN=LEFT> <CENTER><TABLE BORDER=2 CELLPADDING=2><TR><TD> <P><A HREF="cinindex.html"> <IMG SRC="indxicon.gif" ALT="index" width="227" height="38">TO SUBJECTS AND NAMES TO BE FOUND<BR> <CENTER> ON MY CINEMATOGRAPHICA PAGES(click)</A></CENTER></TD></TR> </TABLE></CENTER></P> <P ALIGN="CENTER"><CENTER><TABLE BORDER=6 CELLSPACING=4 CELLPADDING=6> <TR><TD VALIGN="CENTER" BGCOLOR="#00ffff"> <P ALIGN="CENTER"><A HREF="cinelist.html"><FONT FACE="Brush Script MT" SIZE="+4" COLOR="#800000">List</FONT> <FONT FACE="Brush Script MT" SIZE="+2" COLOR="#800000"> of more than 3500 vintage movie cameras,<BR>projectors etc. with their date of manufacture (1895-1965),(click here)</P></FONT></A></TD> </TR> </TABLE> </P> <CENTER> <P ALIGN=CENTER> <P> <CENTER><script type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script></CENTER><HR> <p>On the web since 6 December 1996. Latest update: December 2022</p> <P ALIGN=LEFT><A HREF="http://www.digits.com/"><IMG SRC="wc.gif" WIDTH=125 HEIGHT=35 BORDER=1 VSPACE=2 HSPACE=2></A> <IMG SRC="http://counter.digits.com/wc/-d/4/filmsize" ALIGN=middle WIDTH=60 HEIGHT=20 BORDER=0 HSPACE=4 VSPACE=2> </P> <P>Return to <A HREF="http://www.xs4all.nl/~wichm/">index-page</A></P> <P><CENTER><FONT SIZE="-1"> <A HREF="#TOP">| top of this page |</A> <A HREF="FAQ.html">| Frequently Asked Questions|</A> <A HREF="cinemat.html">| main cinematographica page |</A> <A HREF="cinelink.html">| links |</A> <A HREF="cinimage.html">| Images of my collection |</A><BR> <A HREF="cinelist.html">| List of 3500 vintage movie apparatus |</A> <A HREF="query.html">| service addresses |</A> <A HREF="wanted.html">| want list |</A> <A HREF="myth.html">| Who invented the cinema? |</A><BR> <A HREF="http://www.youtube.com/profile_videos?user=MichaelRogge">| Michael Rogge's 1200 video clips at YouTube |</A> <A HREF="acrestotal.htm">| Birt Acres. 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One hundred Years of Film Sizes. Almost one hundred film widths and perforations were experimented with.  var sc\_project=1692748; var sc\_invisible=0; var sc\_partition=16; var sc\_security="3b606d7c"; [![free web stats](http://c17.statcounter.com/counter.php?sc_project=1692748&java=0&security=3b606d7c&invisible=0)](http://www.statcounter.com/) **| | | --- | | | | | | --- | | More than one hundred years *of**Film Sizes* | ## Film sizes, marvelous scope for collecting ### SUMMARY * [35mm, struggle for standardization](#STANDARD)* [Many early filmsizes](#variety) * [Variety of amateur film sizes* [Safety uninflammable film](#safety)* [28mm](#KOK)* [Glass- and semi-gramophone records](#GLASS)* [Other formats](#OTHER)* [Neuf-cinq, nine-five, 9,5mm](#9,5)* [16mm, sixteen millimeter](#16)* [17,5mm](#17,5)* [8mm - Bootlace](#8mm)* [Super/single 8 and super 16mm](#super) * [Widescreen](#widescreen)* [Collecting off-gauge movie equipment and films](#collecting)* [More sizes: 8,75, 11, 38mm](#MORE)* [Literature and links](#LINKS)](#amateur) ### Struggle for standardization One hundred years of cinema is also due to acceptance of one standard gauge. Whereas film equipment has undergone drastic changes in the course of a century it is a little miracle that 35mm has remained the universally accepted film size. If film had followed the same course as video, with its continuing change of systems, the development might have been delayed considerably. *Edison*| Edison | We owe the format to a great extent to *Edison (see photo)* - in fact 35mm was called the *Edison size* before. [![Monkeyshines 1890](edf1icon.jpg)Click on icon for *Monkeyshines* Edison film strip of 1890](edfilm1.jpg) [![1891 Kinetograph film strip](ed91icon.jpg)Edison Kinetograph film strip of June 18th,1891 (click)](ed1891.jpg) In May 1889 Thomas Edison had ordered a Kodak camera from the Eastman Company and was apparently fascinated by the 70mm roll of film used. Thereupon *W.K.L.Dickson* of his laboratory ordered a roll of film of 1 3/8"(ca. 35 mm) width from Eastman. This was half the film size used in Eastman Kodak cameras. It was to be used in a new type of *Kinetoscope* for moving images on a strip of celluloid film, which could be viewed by one person at the time. *Lumière film*| Lumiere filmframe | The *Lumière* brothers introduced in March 1895 their *Cinématographe* for 35mm film, which was also used at their first public show of 28 December of that year. Their strip of film had only one round hole per image, whereas Edison used four rectangular perforations per frame. Even at that time there was already a variety of widths: * 54mm (2 1/8") (*Friese-Greene in 1887*) * 54mm paperfilm (2 1/8") (*Le Prince, 1888*), * 54mm ([Skladanowsky, 1895](skladano.jpg) ) *Skladanowski film*| | - 60mm*(Prestwich, Demeney, 1893-96*) Demeny Phonoscope 1893 [Gaumont-Demeny Chronophotographe, 1896](gaumont60mm.jpg)- 38mm (*Casimir Sivan/E.Dalphin, Geneva, 1896)*- [Parnaland 34 (35?) film perforation (showing Sarah Bernard in Hamlet)](a.wichmann/parnalandfilm.jpg)- 63mm (*Veriscope, 1897*). - 65mm (*Hughes Moto-Photoscope, 1897*)Also for 3" wide film - 68mm (Biograph 1897 camera) - 70mm unperforated experimental film, *Birt Acres* 1894 - [Lee & Turner colour film, 1901](leeturner38.jpg) *Le Prince and his film*| | --- The abovementioned *William Dickson*, after leaving Edison, used 2 3/4" (70 mm) for his *Mutoscope & Biograph Company'* productions to avert Edison's patent rights. Cameramen of this company travelled all over Europe to produce documentaries of a remarkable image quality. Widescreen also proved excellently suitable for other subjects. | | | | --- | --- | | *70mm film Corbett-Fitzsimmons fight*| Fight Corbett-Fitzsimmons | | In 1897 more than 10.000 feet of 63mm film was shot of the then famous box match between Corbett and Fitzsimmons. One of the problems to be dealt with was the strength of the film base. Because film is pulled through the filmgate in short strokes it comes under high tension. Therefore perforations were torn time and again. Eastman overcame this weakness by doubling the thickness of the nitrate base, which was normally used for film packs from 1896 onward. By the turn of the century film appeared to become big business. the struggle for the monopoly of the patents intensified. To avoid lengthy court cases the nine major producers of the time decided to pool their rights in the *Motion Pictures Patents Company* in 1909. This consortium threatened to outlaw outsiders from further film production. Despite the general outcry one favourable effect was that 35mm became standardized to Bell & Howell specifications. It was adopted a.o. by the Congrès International des Editeurs de Films in Paris in the same year. It was named *standard-size* stock, in Germany *Normalfilm* and in France *pélicule format standard*. Eastman Kodak became the chief film supplier ([see 1912 ad)](kodakfilmad.jpg). This does not imply that no further attempts were being made to introduce other gauges. The standard size was besieged continuously for reasons of economy, projection quality or aesthetic design. --- #### Great variety of amateur film sizes A fierce competition raged in the amateur market. Economy and dimensions were the chief ingredients. The public had to be won over by relative inexpensiveness. Amateur film was usually cut from 35 mm professional raw stock , that was produced in large quantities and therefore economical to buy. The film was cut in two or three lengths - the substandard size, or "Schmalfilm" in Germany. The first attempt was demonstrated in England by [Birt Acres](acrestotal.htm) in 1898. His camera, projector at the same time, the [Birtac](Birtac.JPG), used 17½ mm size with perforations on one side. | | | --- | | The Biokam *The Biokam* | | | | --- | | | A few months later in 1899 followed by the *Biokam (see photo and filmframe)* (for £ 6.6/-), also in 17½mm (*see frame*, but perforations in the center between the images. It was not a success, a.o. because of the proficiency needed to produce acceptable results. In the same year *J.A.Prestwich* introduced 13mm equipment, but little was heard of it since. *Ernemann Kino II of 1904*| Ernemann Kino II | | | | --- | | 17,5mm Ernemann film | More succesful was *Heinrich Ernemann*, who introduced in 1903 the *Kino I*. It used the same film as the Biokam. This apparatus could also be used for both taking and projecting pictures - a combination which has been experimented with for years without much success, lately by the American *Wittnauer Cine-Twin* 8mm set. In 1900 *Gaumont-Demeny* ventured with an unusual size: 15mm, with center perforation. The [Chrono de Poche](chrpoche.jpg) did not make it either. Nowadays it is a rarity. In the same year another French firm introduced the *Mirograph* which used an equally odd size: 20 mm. It had on one side notches instead of perforations. I have yet to see one single specimen. In the United States the first projector using non-standard film appeared around 1902. This home cinema used a carbide lamp. It was called the [Vitak](http://members.lycos.nl/cinemat/vitakprox.jpg) and used 17,5mm film. A few years later another projector appeared with a similar appearance. It was the [Ikonograph](ikonographB.jpg), using 17,5mm film with a large center perforation. In 1923 11,5mm was re-introduced in the USA with the [Duplex projector.](http://www.xs4all.nl/~wichm/duplexproj.jpg) --- #### Safety film In 1897 a fierce fire destroyed the cinema pavillion of a charity bazar in Paris, which took the lives of 124 people. It is no surprise that an immediate search was opened for a replacement of the highly inflammable *cellulose nitrate* stock. In 1908 the first *non-flam acetate* film was marketed. It took decennia of perfection before it could supplant the old stock. Only in 1950 the *tri-acetate* film could be considered equal to *nitrate* film. However, for amateur films it was employed right after its invention. *22 mm Home Kinetoscope*| Edison 22mm projector | | | | --- | | | In 1912 Edison introduced the *Home Kinetoscope* for safety film. It employed yet another size: 22mm. It had three rows of images sized 4 x 6mm, separated by two rows of perforations. One column of images was cranked foreward, the middle row backward, and the third row forward again. A camera was never produced. Films from 10 to 15 meter lengths in special containers were for rent from Edison depots or by mail. [Home Kinetoscope show (click)](edshow.jpg) *22mm Ozaphane film*| 22mm Ozaphane film | Ten years later in 1922 Sté Gallus introduced a projector, the [Cinebloc](cineblocproj.jpg), using the same size of film in a different manner. It used double-sided perforated 22mm Ozaphan cellophane film. Of the Cinebloc little was heard of either since. *24mm unperforated Ozaphane film for Cinelux* | 24mm Ozaphane film | In 1931 **Cinelux** film projectors were introduced, a silent and sound model. A highly unusual 24mm unperforated Ozaphan film size was being used, the mechanism being a beater movement. *Cinelux silent projector*| 24mm Ozaphane film | --- #### 28 mm *Pathé Kok*| The Pathé Kok | In 1912 Pathé introduced with far more success a 28mm size for safety film. The width deviated in order to prevent flammable normal sized film be used for the projector, the *Pathé Kok (see image*). *28 mm film*| | In France the film had on the left side three perforations per frame and on the right side one (*see image*). The single right side perforation was to make framing unnecessary. (Click for image of Pathé Kok camera [here](pathe28.jpg)) *New Premier Pathescope*| The new Premier Pathescope | When during WW1 imports from France into the U.S.A. came to a halt *Victor* introduced their Safety and Home Cinema projectors for 28mm films perforated with three perforations per frame on both sides. *Victor 28mm projector*| Victor 28mm projector | Pathé's distributor *W.B.Cook* designed a completely new motorized projector, the *New Premier Pathescope (see photo)*. Not many were sold, however. Keystone and other manufacturers also introduced a 28mm projector, but reverted soon again to the 35mm size. The *Pathé Kok* projector (The name was taken from from the newly patented logo of a cock) was equipped usually with a dynamo. So it could be used on the not yet electrified countryside. At the same time 28mm cameras were marketed. The emphasis was on showing theatrical films copied from the large film library of Pathé, however. Initially the new size seemed to do well and was accepted as a standard size for the home cinema. By 1918 10.000 projectors were sold. The projector enjoyed quite some popularity. In the United States 28mm was accepted as a standard size for portable film projectors by the Society of Motion Picture Engineers. 935 Titles were for rent. Later developments made the format decline in popularity. Yet the Kok projectors are a showpiece in a collection nowadays, especially so because of its splendid design resembling a robust old-time sewing machine. --- ### Glass and semi-gramophone records Besides emulsion on film base experiments were carried out with celluloid and glass plates. There was still a fierce competition between the magic lantern with its non-inflammable glass slides and the vulnerable film stock. * As early as 1890 *Rudge* projected moving images from glass plates for the Bath Photographic Society. * In 1892 *Demeny* followed with an apparatus named, the *Phonoscope*, with which a glass plate with 18 photographs of a man saying "je vous aime" could be projected. * In 1897 E.&H.T. Anthony in troduced their [Spiral](anthonyproj.jpg) camera projector exposing 200 images on a glass plate.In the same year the Bettini Brothers introduced their 'Plattenkinematograph' recording 576 images on a glass plate. * In 1898 Leo Kamm used for his [Kammatograph](kammcam.jpg) a round glass plate of 30 cm width on which 350 to 550 images were registered in spiral form. * [Bettini plattenkamera Germany](bettini.jpg), around 1900, 576 images on photographic plate. * The *Cinéphot* of *Huet & Cie.* introduced in 1904 used a double magazine with 2 x 24 frames on a disc of 6". * The French *Olikos* of 1912 employed a rectangular 9,5 x 9cm glass plate on which 12 rows of 7 images each were registered. * A similar apparatus was the French [Le Seul](a.wichmann2/leseulx.jpg) using a glass negative of 9 x 12 cm | | | --- | | Spirogram | * The American Urban [Spirograph](spirograph.jpg) of 1915, apparently inspired by the popular gramophone, used a celluloid disc with 1200 frames. Each disc had a projection time of two minutes. A disc library with hundreds of titles was to be made available. It is doubtful whether it ever came that far, because nothing was heard more of the venture after some time. | | | --- | | Aladdin disc | Yet, undaunted, *The Aladdin Cine Products Co. ('from the Pictures Development Co., Toledo, Ohio, USA')* produced a similar experimental series of discs of local subjects, but fared a fate even worse than Spirograph. All these curious attempts make a fine hunting field for the collector nowadays. A *Kammatograph* was auctioned by Christies for £ 3850 in 1993 and may be worth more now. --- ### Other formats *Duplex half frame film*| | In 1915 the Duplex Corporation proposed an economical use of the 35mm film size, by dividing the frame in two halves and copying existing 35mm films on to one half of the 35mm stock without splitting the film up. Special Duplex projector lenses were to be made available to project the 10 x 19mm half frame onto the screen. I have a brochure but have been unable to find any reference that the system was seriously considered, or the Duplex lenses ever made available. *42mm sound film 1922*| 42mm film | Another proposal came in 1922 for a **42 mm** size to accomodate a 7mm optical sound track to existing 35mm film by the German Triergon company. --- | | | --- | | | ### *Neuf-cinq (nine-five)* After thirty years of experimentation with different widths in 1922 one was marketed which stood a better chance. In December 1922 Pathé introduced its home cinema, *Le Cinéma chez soi*, called the *Pathé Baby*. *Unspliced 9,5mm film*| Unspliced 9,5mm | Between the perforations of 35mm film three rows of 9,5mm were slit (*see image*). The projector came first. Its transportation mechanism was almost identical to the Lumière Cinématograph of 1895. The apparatus projected a steady image of amazing clarity considering the lamp of 6 Watt. Cassettes with lengths of 9 or 15 meter 9,5mm film could be bought or rented from depots. These films stood out by their great definition. They were reduced from Pathé's considerable 35mm archive. Subjects included newsreels, documentaries, comedies and feature films. Some were colored by a stencil imprint method. An ingenuous system was used to prolong the projection time. By means of notches in the film a mechanism was set into motion in the projector by which certain images - titles or close-ups - could be frozen for a few seconds. *Pathé Baby set*| Pathé Baby set | In 1923 a camera with hand crank was marketed. It being small in size, handy and economical, made it popular in a short time. It was for the first time that amateur film gained a wider acceptance. It is estimated that some 300.000 projectors were sold. What happened to all of them is another matter. They are not that often being offered for sale nowadays. As a result of later developments the size never became popular in the U.S.A. In Europe it was. Even in Japan imitations of 9,5mm movie cameras and projectors were manufactured before the war (Cine Rola). In 1938 9,5mm sound film was introduced with the *Pathé Vox* sound-projector. It may come as a surprise to some but 9,5 mm still has a following. Cameras and projectors are still manufactured, or more precisely, modern equipment is being converted to this size. Films are still re-perforated by some firms and developing facilities are available, given enough patience. Internationally 9,5mm fans form a closely knit community holding yearly global gatherings. The best nine-five films of that year are projected then. --- ### Sixteen millimeter Kodak could not lag behind Pathé. John Capstaff of the Kodak laboratories had already been experimenting with another size. They had come to the conclusion that 10mm was the minimum image width for acceptable quality. Perforations on both sides would occupy another 6mm, making a total of 16mm. This gauge had the additional advantage that flammable 35mm stock could not not be slit in half for amateur use. In 1923 16mm was introduced. In the battle for the amateur market Pathé boasted that its size was cheaper because of its economical use of the film width. Its prices suited all(?) purses. In their sales' slogans Pathé boasted that 9,5mm had almost the same frame size of 16mm at the price of 8mm. Kodak opposed that middle perforations could cause stripes over the image. Moreover if the projector claw failed to hit the perforation accurately the images could easily be damaged. The grain quality of 16mm was better. Kodak introduced with 16mm a reversal developing process with variable second exposure. It did away with the procedure followed so far to have negative film copied onto positive stock. As a result the costs were reduced to only 1/6 of the negative/positive process. In later years a sound track was added on one side of the film, sacrificing one row of perforations. It was accepted as an SMPE standard in 1932. --- ### 17,5 mm Split 35mm had always been popular as an alternative gauge. The American [Sinemat](sinematproj.jpg) camera/projector used it with perforations on one side in 1915. Movette 17,5 mm| | Two years later the **Movette** camera and projector appeared for non-flammable 17,5mm stock. It had round perforations on each side. Movette film| | In the twenties Pathé, when considering a new size of film for projectors used for shows in places in the country where no cinema was operating, also opted for 17,5mm. An optimum use of the film width was obtained by expanding the image and reducing the size of the perforations on both sides. Rural 17,5 mm| | The Pathé Rural was obtainable from 1926. Pathescope, Great Britain, followed with the Pathé Rex projector only in 1932. At the same time a film library was made available with well-known films of that era. In 1932 sound film was introduced - the sound track replacing one row of perforations as in 16mm. Although 17,5mm en joyed some popularity before the war - it was used in 4823 cinema's in France - it disappeared in Great Britain in 1939. In France in the first war years as the German occupation power did not permit off-gauge films be shown for censorship reasons. ![](lite_anm.gif) --- ### 8mm bootlace | | | --- | | | *Kemco camera*| | In 1930 *Kodel* pioneered in the United States with the idea to reduce film costs drastically by a yet more economical use of the 16mm width. With an ingenuous mechanism they succeeded in inserting 4 images on the surface of one 16mm frame. Besides the *Kemco Home Movie* camera a dual size projector was introduced for 16mm and 1/4x16mm. The death blow was given to this attempt when *Kodak* introduced 8mm film in 1932. 16 Mm was given twice the number of perforations. First one half of the film was exposed. Thereafter the reel was turned and the other half was shot. After processing the film was slit in the middle and the two 8mm halfs spliced together. In this manner as many frames were available on the 25ft small reel as on 100 ft 16mm film. Because changing reels in the middle proved to be cumbersome a number of manufacturers introduced straight 8mm wound on 50 ft reels (Univex, Bell & Howell), or in cassettes (Agfa). Because of the lack of uniformity resulting in limited availability straight 8mm did not catch on. --- ### New sizes in the fifties In spite of its advantages nine-five lost field. Kodak had acquired a main share in Pathé in the late twenties. It had no interest in pushing that size actively. The supremacy of 8 and 16mm lasted for a considerable number of years. Yet there were attempts to introduce for the amateur economic widescreen sizes. In fact in the first year of WW2 in the German magazine 'Film für Alle' J.Pauli of Berlin proposed using first one half of the 16mm size, turn the film around and then expose the second half. It involved holding the camera vertically and the use of a mask. The projector would need a prism to project a horizontal wide-screen image. Once one half of the film was projected it needed to be turned over in order to project the opposite half. How a film was to be edited without interfering with the opposite frames was not gone into wisely. *Pathé widescreen 4 3/4mm film*| | Pathé made a more serious attempt to hook on to the popularity of widescreen in the fifties by introducing a *duplex* and *monoplex* format in 1955. 9,5mm was double perforated and split in the middle to a 4 3/4mm size which was to be projected horizontally in widescreen. It was an ill-conceived idea. The public showed no interest at all. Few cameras and projectors were sold. The venture was abandoned soon and forgotten in no time. Available stock was converted to the classic 9,5mm size. The 4 3/4 mm *Lido/Orly Duplex* cameras and the ![](patduplx.jpg)Monaco Duplex projector have become rare collectors' items. --- ### Super/single 8 and super 16 Eight millimetre also underwent a transformation in 1965. The frame image was enlarged by 50% by using smaller vertical perforations. The so called *super 8* film was supplied in 50' 8mm cassettes (having a striking resemblance to Meopta cassettes introduced years before). As from 1973 with magnetic sound stripe. Fuji attempted to introduce a far better conceived *single 8* mm system but could not compete with Kodak. *Double super 8mm film*| | For semi-professional use *double super 8* was supplied in the manner of standard 8mm on 16mm 100 ft. reels. It gave far better results because the film passed through the precision film gate of the camera instead of that of the magazine. In addition to the larger frame size and the improved emulsion super 8 compared well with 16mm of the fifties. No wonder that 16mm was hardly used anymore by amateurs. *Super 16mm*| | The 16mm used by professionals was given a boost by the introduction of *super 16* mm in 1971. The 16mm image was enlarged by using also the space normally taken up by the sound track. This film size is excellently suitable to be blown up to 35mm. Because of its widescreen dimensions it lends itself perfectly for modern televion systems, like Pal Plus. There are suggestions to enlarge the image size even further by introducing vertical perforations similar to those used in super 8mm. A [Super-16 format](http://www.ikonoskop.com/a-cam-sp16/sp16/) was developed subsequently by Swedish cinematographer Rune Ericson. --- ### Widescreen As stated before widescreen became popular in the fifties. However, it was proceeded by various attempts in the past, even in the nineteenth century as we have seen before, followed by: * 1900 - 75mm *Wide Film* of Lumière * 1900 - 70mm *Cinéorama* of *Raoul Grimoin-Sanson* * 1914 - 70mm *Panoramica* (of *Filoteo Alberini*) * 1926 - 63,5mm *Natural Vision*, R.K.O. * 1929 - 70mm *Grandeur* of Twentieth Century Fox * 1930 - 56mm *Magnafilm* Paramount * 1930 - 70mm *Realife*, M.G.M. * 1930 - 65mm *Vitascope* Warner Bros. All these ventures did not last for much longer than a year. In the fifties another series of attempts were made to introduce large film sizes for widescreen. To name a few: * 1954 - 65mm *Todd-AO* [click for picture of camera](toddao.jpg)* 1955 - 55,625mm *Cinemascope-55** 1956 - 65mm *Super Panavision* *Frame of 'Oklahoma' in Todd-AO - 65mm wide negative printed onto 70mm color positive.* | Widescreen frame | *70 mm film*| 70mm film | In the seventies followed [*IMAX (1970)*](https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMAX_Corporation), OMNIMAX (1973), Cinema 180 and others with horizontal position of frames on 65mm negative film. Special theatres were built to accomodate the projectors and ultra wide screen. Specially built projectors were needed because the film could not be pulled through anymore by claw. In the Imax system it is transported by a wave motion. Thanks to the air pressure gate precision, projection on a 180º 100 ft. width screen has become possible. --- From the foregoing it is clear that standardization was dictated by the economical power of one or more manufacturers. One result was the universal acceptance and growth of the medium for amusement, information and in some cases as an art form. ### Collecting off-gauge movie equipment and films For the collector hard to find off-gauge equipment/films are a true hunting-ground. In particular the sizes that were never heard of anymore. One may still profit from the relatively low prices as compared with photographica. 8, 16 and 35mm equipment/films are often offered for sale, but it becomes more difficult with 9,5, 17,5, 22, 28mm and all the other sizes mentioned. ### From 3 to 75mm One hundred years of cinema has yielded almost one hundred film gauges from 3mm to 75mm. The smallest of 3mm was developed in 1960 by Eric Berndt for NASA to be used in space flights. It had a centre frameline perforation. The largest was employed by Lumière in 1900 for large screen presentations at the Paris Exposition. Most of these film sizes have been relegated to oblivion, much to the detriment of its inventors/manufacturers. Each size has its own history. Certainly I have not mentioned all of them. Here are some more sizes: * 26mm paper film used in the [Refcy Japanese paperfilm camera around 1930](/a.wichmann/refcyx.jpg)* 38mm (Casimir Sivan, Switzerland). * 11,5 mm (regular 8mm+ 3,5mm for sound track) optical sound film used in a Kenner's Real Sound toy projector around 1965 ![](11mmsize.jpg)* 16mm Harper Film system, patented in 1938. 'Edge perforations were no longer used. 3mm each side of the film were reserved for sound tracks leaving 10mm in the centre for the width of the 16mm picture frame. [Originally with two perforations per frame], at a later stage this format was modified slightly to accommodate a third centrally placed sprocket hole, apparently to ease the strain on the film now traveling at the higher speed of 18" per second. * *GanGuang FL8,75 mm projector*| | 8,75mm film used in the seventies in The People's Republic of China for educational, propagandistic and other purposes. Chinese 35mm film stock was being slit into four strips of 8,75mm film and sound striped afterwards. Projectors for this size were also being manufactured there by a number of companies. * Super duper 8mm. This new wide-screen 8mm film format had its international debut in December 2003. *Sleep Always*, the first feature film shot in the new "super-duper 8", screened in Spain at the Sitges International Film Festival of Catalonia and in New York as part of the International Festival of Cinema and Technology. Super-duper 8 utilizes traditional super 8 film but uses also the area normally reserved for the sound stripe (as with super 16). When transferred to videotape super-duper 8 utilizes 30% more image area in every frame. * Super 9,5mm. Actually 11.6mm obtained by slitting 35mm film stock in three strips. Prototypes were made by amongst others by Elmo and Beaulieu in the nineties. But the project was abandoned for lack of venture capital. For further info on the apparatus mentioned see my List and Links below. Consult also my [Collecting vintage cinematographica page.](cinemat.html) ![](lite_anm.gif) ### *LITERATURE:* * Acres, A.B. : Frontiersman to Film-maker (2001, MS as yet unpublished) * Ceram, C.W.: Archeologie du Cinema (1966) * Collins, Douglas: The story of Kodak (1990) * Crawford, Merritt: The first thirty years (Movie Makers December 1930) * Dery, Michel: Le format idéal (article) * Jenkins, R.V.: Technology and the American Photographic Industry 1839 to 1925 * Kattelle, Alan: Home Movies (2000)* Kennedy, Donald D.: The Film Industry in the People's Republic of China (SMPTE Journal vol.85 Nov '76) * Lieshout, Henry van: Cine film formats ("Sixteen Frames" Spring '90) * Limbacher, J.L.: Four aspects of the film (1968) * Matthews, G.E. and Tarkington, R.G.: Early history of Amateur Motion Picture Film (article March 1955 Journal SMPTE) * McKee, Gerald: Film Collecting (1978) * A Pot-pourri of film widths and sprocket holes, Milestone Movie Cameras (Articles in *American Cinematographer*, Jan. 1969). * Rossell, Deac: Living Pictures. The origins of the movies (1998) * Theisen, Earl: The history of nitrocellulose as a film base. (Article March 1933 Journal SMPTE vol 20) ## Links: * [Wikipedia list of film formats](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_film_formats)* [Scott E. Norwood's Motion Picture formats](http://www.redballoon.net/~snorwood/faq2.html#SECTION00031200000000000000)* [Eric Lange: Formats spéciaux](http://cinematographes.free.fr/index-formats.html)* [Cinematographes - French site with fine images of curious formats](http://cinematographes.free.fr/index-formats.html)* [Récapitulatif des principaux formats (French)](http://www.lumiere.org/techniques/formats-recapitulatif.html)* [Sam Dodge tells about early 35mm cameras](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fXTrFXBlqkg)* [Who invented the cinema?](myth.html)* [Birt Acres (1854 - 1910), film pioneer](acrestotal.htm)* [Collecting vintage film apparatus](http://www.xs4all.nl/~wichm/cinemat.html)* [Pictures of vintage apparatus](cinimage.html)* [Imax.com](http://www.imax.com)* [17,5mm Equipment (Grahame L. Newnham)](http://www.pathefilm.uk/)* [The 28mm page (Grahame L. Newnham)](http://www.pathefilm.uk) © Michael Rogge 2022 --- This article was published originally in Dutch in the quarterly of the Fotografica Society, Netherlands, in 1996 and updated later on.[(click)](filmform.html) ### Foreign translatians: [Finnish: Taistelu standardointi](http://mysciencefeel.com/2017/09/15/yli-sadan-vuoden-filmikoot/) * [Russian translation.](https://sciencerise.com/filmsize)* [Uzbek translation: "Hundred years of film sizes"](https://pngflare.com/uz-filmsize)* [Serbian translation](https://www.lawmix.ru/blog/2017/12/26/more-than-one-hundred-years-of-film-sizes/)* [Macedonian translation](http://sciencevobe.com/2017/12/25/poveke-od-sto-godini-na-film-golemini/) --- ![](new.gif) | | | --- | | [indexTO SUBJECTS AND NAMES TO BE FOUND ON MY CINEMATOGRAPHICA PAGES(click)](cinindex.html) | | | | --- | | [List of more than 3500 vintage movie cameras,projectors etc. with their date of manufacture (1895-1965),(click here)](cinelist.html) |  --- On the web since 6 December 1996. 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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="icon/sneslogo.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> <title>Snes Central: Rarities</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="stylesheet4.css"> <meta property="og:title" content="SNES Central: Rarities"> <meta property="twitter:title" content="SNES Central: Rarities"> <meta property="og:type" content="article"> <meta property="og:url" content="http://snescentral.com/rarities.php"> <meta property="og:image" content="http://snescentral.com/icon/banner.gif"> <meta property="twitter:image" content="http://snescentral.com/icon/banner.gif"> <meta property="og:description" content="Page on SNES Central for Rarities"> <meta property="twitter:description" content="Page on SNES Central for Rarities"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="SNES Central"> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"> </head> <body> <table class="contenttable"> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="topbar"> <img src="icon/banner.gif" alt="image"> <img src="icon/terra.gif" alt="image"> <img src="icon/belmont.gif" alt="image"> <img src="icon/yoshi.gif" alt="image"> <img src="icon/mario.gif" alt="image"> <img src="icon/samus.gif" alt="image"> <img src="icon/chrono.gif" alt="image"> <img src="icon/donkeykong.gif" alt="image"> <img src="icon/megamanx.gif" alt="image"> <img src="icon/vicviper.gif" alt="image"> <img src="icon/falcon.gif" alt="image"> <img src="icon/umihara.gif" alt="image"> <img src="icon/zero.gif" alt="image"> <img src="icon/rocky.gif" alt="image"> </td> <tr> <td class ="sidebar"> <p></p> <a href="index.php" class="yoshi">Main</a><br> <a href="gameindex.php" class="yoshi">Games</a><br> <a href="pcblisting.php" class="yoshi">PCB<br>  Archive</a><br> <a href="chiplisting.php" class="yoshi">Chip<br>  Archive</a><br> <a href="scan_index.php" class="yoshi">Cart/Box<br>  Scans</a><br> <a href="art.php" class="yoshi">Articles</a><br> <a href="peripherals.php" class="yoshi">Peripherals</a><br> <a href="prototypes.php" class="yoshi">Prototypes</a><br> <a href="unreleased.php" class="yoshi" >Unreleased<br>  Games</a><br>  <a href="rarities.php" class="yoshi">Rarities</a><br> <a href="homebrew.php" class="yoshi">Homebrew</a><br> <a href="emulation.php" class="yoshi">Emulation</a><br>   <p class="sidetext"><b>Email: <a href="mailto:snes_central@yahoo.ca">snes_central@yahoo.ca</a></b></p> <ul class="navbar"> <li class="sidelist"><a href="https://discord.gg/CERtpHZ"><img src="icon/logo_discord_menu.svg"></a></li> </ul> Rarities </td> <td class="contentbar"> <p class="name">Rarities</p><ul> <li> <a href="article.php?id=0871">Brazillian Super NES Gold Controller</a><br /> <li> <a href="article.php?id=0097">Custom Flash Cart</a><br /> <li> <a href="article.php?id=0910">Donkey Kong Country Competition Cart</a><br /> <li> <a href="article.php?id=1000">Donkey Kong Country Competition Cart - Prototype</a><br /> <li> <a href="article.php?id=0793">Exertainment</a><br /> <li> <a href="article.php?id=0901">Multi-Purpose Arcade Combat Simulator (M.A.C.S.)</a><br /> <li> <a href="article.php?id=0790">Nintendo Campus Challenge</a><br /> <li> <a href="article.php?id=1019">Nintendo Gateway System</a><br /> <li> <a href="article.php?id=0792">Nintendo Super System</a><br /> <li> <a href="article.php?id=0812">Powerfest 94</a><br /> <li> <a href="article.php?id=0794">S.C.T.</a><br /> <li> <a href="article.php?id=0099">Super Famicom Box</a><br /> <li> <a href="article.php?id=0942">Super Star Fox Weekend / Starwing Competition</a><br /> <li> <a href="article.php?id=1155">Taiwan Super Famicom</a><br /> </ul> <br /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="bottombar"> © Evan G. This site made by a Canadian, and fueled by beer. Do not use material on this site without permission. </td> </table> </body> </html>

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This resource is for people to access the facts and make their own, informed decisions. <br><br> "A disconcertingly well-informed website" - <a href="ketamine.html" class="uline">House of Commons</a><br><br> "Impartial and comprehensive advice" - The Times <br><br></p> <img src="Img/dr002.gif" width="165" height="17" alt="DRUGS: resources" border="0"><br> <a href="drugintro.html">intro</a><br> <a href="drugclubs.html">drugs and clubs</a><br> <a href="drugfirst.html">first aid</a><br> <a href="druginfo.html">info & contacts</a><br> <a href="helpline.html">UK Drugs helpline</a><br> <a href="drugreen.html">drugs - just say 'know'!</a><br> <a href="drugten.html">10 Reasons to legalise all drugs</a> <br><a href="drugbook.html">selection of drugs books</a><br> <a href="drugterm.html">street terms</a><br> <br> <strong>Features</strong><br> <a href="marks.html">Howard Marks interview</a><br> <a href="../rip_off.html">Narconon - the ultimate <em>homage</em>!</a><br> <a href="http://www.urban75.org/photos/protest/jayday.html">Cannabis Festival, London 2003</a><br> <a href="http://www.urban75.org/photos/protest/jayday01.html">Cannabis Festival, London 2002</a><br> <br><br> <img src="Img/dr003.gif" width="165" height="17" alt="DRUGS: the law" border="0"><br> <a href="druglaws.html">outline</a><br> <a href="bustcard.html">drugs bustcard</a><br> <a href="http://www.urban75.org/legal/drugs.html">drugs & the law</a><br> <a href="http://www.urban75.org/legal/rights.html">your rights on arrest</a><br> <a href="drugcase.html">arrest case study</a> <br> <br> <img src="Img/dr005.gif" width="165" height="17" alt="DRUGS: health" border="0"> <a href="druguse.html">safer drug use</a><br> <a href="snorting.html">snorting/tooting drugs FAQ</a><br> <a href="../Health/index.html">AIDS/HIV: important info</a><br> <a href="drugdeath.html">drugs - UK death rates</a><br> <a href="testing.html">drug testing FAQ</a><br><br> <strong>DATE RAPE</strong><br> <a href="rape.html">drug assisted rape</a><br> <a href="daterape.html">legal advice for victims</a><br> <br>  <form action="http://www.google.com/search" target="_blank" style="margin-bottom:0;"> <input type="text" name="q" size="21" maxlength="255" style="background:#333333; 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<html> <head> <title>Imitation Pickles - Games</title> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Imitation Pickles" href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/feed.php?format=ATOM" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Imitation Pickles" href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/feed.php?format=RSS2.0" /> <style type='text/css'> body,h1,h2,h3,a,p,td,th,div { font-family: sans-serif; } a, a:link, a:hover, a:active, a:visited { color: #ffffff; } h1, h2, p, div, td { color: #9bb0eb; } h1 { margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 4px; font-size: 28px; } h2 { margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 4px; color: #ffffff; font-size: 18px; } body { margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; background-position: center; } div.main { background: url("http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/skins/default/main.jpg"); background-position: center top; background-repeat: no-repeat; } div.logo { text-align: center; } div.esteem { font-style: 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.hype , .hype p { xcolor: #becfff; xcolor: #000000; color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold; } div.pickles, div.logo, div.links, div.content { padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px; } div.pickles { color: #9bb0eb; } .pickles a, .pickles a:link, .pickles a:hover, .pickles a:active, .pickles a:visited { color: #ffffff; } /* forum **********************************************/ table.forum { border: 2px solid #9bb0eb; background: url("http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/skins/default/bkgr2.jpg"); padding: 4px; } table.forum th { color: #ffffff; } table.forum td { background: #9bb0eb; xbackground: #becfff; color: #000000; border-bottom: 1px solid black; } </style> </head> <body bgcolor="#012ca9" background="http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/skins/default/bkgr.jpg"> <div class='main'> <div class='logo'><a href='http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/'><img src="http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/skins/default/spacer.gif" width=766 height=76 border=0></a></div> <div class='esteem'>You're a wonderful person, you make me proud!</div> <div class='links'><a href='http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/index.html' >News</a> | <a href='http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/games.html' >Games</a> | <a href='http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/photos.html' >Photos</a> | <a href='http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/stories.html' >Stories</a> | <a href='http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/music.html' >Music</a> | <a href='http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/code.html' >Code</a> | <a href='http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/junk.html' >Junk</a></div> <div class='content'> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0> <tr><td valign=top width='100%'> <h1>Games</h1> <div><div class='news'><style type='text/css'>.page table { border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; } .page a img { border: 1px solid black; margin-left: 12px; margin-right: 12px; } .page td { padding-bottom: 8px; } </style><p class='page'><table><tr><td align='center' width='20%'><a href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/galcon/"><img src="http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/thumb/576e3a5b99a9e69dccfecb0f8ac3d520.jpg"></a><br><a href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/galcon/">Galcon</a><td align='center' width='20%'><a href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/ld487/"><img src="http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/thumb/9a695703beed105960be835d8721d5f3.jpg"></a><br><a href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/ld487/">The Hairy Chestival</a><td align='center' width='20%'><a href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/melons/"><img src="http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/thumb/3176b8c023f732396ae1bf6fb4788786.jpg"></a><br><a href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/melons/">Watermelons</a><tr><td><div> </div><tr><td align='center' width='20%'><a href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/pyweek1/"><img src="http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/thumb/1a5bb9434d9c8d365474d18832a4aadb.jpg"></a><br><a href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/pyweek1/">Dynamite</a><td align='center' width='20%'><a href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/barbie/"><img src="http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/thumb/498a3bc06fc08ba33263727215ec8683.jpg"></a><br><a href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/barbie/">Barbie Seahorse Adventures</a><td align='center' width='20%'><a href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/elephant/"><img src="http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/thumb/f710c09a6e93939cb1936345f462f8ea.jpg"></a><br><a href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/elephant/">Elephants</a><tr><td><div> </div><tr><td align='center' width='20%'><a href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/ld486/"><img src="http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/thumb/3ae1fd642239601362e74ba53c0765d5.jpg"></a><br><a href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/ld486/">Escape from Anathema Mines</a><td align='center' width='20%'><a href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/nannoid/"><img src="http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/thumb/d6c13f13a6218be367654f4bca594a2d.jpg"></a><br><a href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/nannoid/">Nannoid</a><td align='center' width='20%'><a href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/rustic/"><img src="http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/thumb/7b647310772397ba0248520e00ebd527.jpg"></a><br><a href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/rustic/">The Rustic Classics</a><tr><td><div> </div><tr><td align='center' width='20%'><a href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/beast/"><img src="http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/thumb/2ac87488ae738bae34ce3927f563874b.jpg"></a><br><a href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/beast/">Beast</a><td align='center' width='20%'><a href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/ftetris/"><img src="http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/thumb/bbc4b6bc8c976e3553a3c5f4b26fcdc6.jpg"></a><br><a href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/ftetris/">Fractal Tetris</a><td align='center' width='20%'><a href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/pyweek3/"><img src="http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/thumb/c64d64e17ac86840fcc7827ce52f1a6b.jpg"></a><br><a href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/pyweek3/">Colonel Wiljafjord and the Tarbukas Tyranny</a><tr><td><div> </div><tr><td align='center' width='20%'><a href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/butterflies/"><img src="http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/thumb/6e5504e544145f44d74cbdcdfdf79d92.jpg"></a><br><a href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/butterflies/">Butterflies</a><td align='center' width='20%'><a href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/pinkdress/"><img src="http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/thumb/40efbdc72067d445654c6b2b34e2204e.jpg"></a><br><a href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/pinkdress/">Pretty in Pink</a><td align='center' width='20%'><a href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/ld484/"><img src="http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/thumb/260133f6714a5f231d2a754fa4ce5cb3.jpg"></a><br><a href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/ld484/">Cuzco's Goat Bloat Game</a><tr><td><div> </div><tr><td align='center' width='20%'><a href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/pyweek2/"><img src="http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/thumb/4405879f31851290f9c8a3536f1e64b8.jpg"></a><br><a href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/pyweek2/">Zanthor</a><td align='center' width='20%'><a href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/dandoug/"><img src="http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/thumb/8272cef200ea35af4e57c599c55fe0c4.jpg"></a><br><a href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/dandoug/">Dan and Doug's Adventures in the Holy Land</a></table></p></div></div> <td valign=top><div class='hype'> Get ready for the craziest space action game of all time! <br><br> <a href='http://www.imitationpickles.org/galcon/'><img src="http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/skins/default/galcon-hype.jpg" style='border: 1px solid black;'></a><br> <a href='http://www.imitationpickles.org/galcon/download.html'>Download</a> | <a href='http://www.imitationpickles.org/galcon/buy.html'>Buy</a> </div> <div class='hype'> You've never experienced music until you've heard this: <br> <a href='http://www.imitationpickles.org/toba/'><img src="http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/skins/default/toba-hype.jpg" style='border: 1px solid black;'></a><br> <a href='http://www.imitationpickles.org/toba/revival.html'>Listen</a> | <a href='http://www.imitationpickles.org/toba/revival.html'>Buy</a> </div> <div class='hype'> Because I just like dressing up! <br><br> <a href='http://www.philhassey.com/'><img src="http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/skins/default/phil-hype.jpg" style='border: 1px solid black;'></a><br> <a href='http://www.philhassey.com/'>Home</a> | <a href='http://www.philhassey.com/blog/biography/'>Biography</a> </div> </td> </table> </div> <div class='pickles'><div class='pickles' style="text-align: center; padding-top: 8px"> <a href='http://www.galcon.com/'><img src='http://www.imitationpickles.org/miniads/galcon.gif' width=103 height=32 alt="Galcon" style='border:1px solid black'></a>   <a href='http://www.imitationpickles.org/melons/'><img src='http://www.imitationpickles.org/miniads/melons.gif' width=103 height=32 alt="Watermelons" style='border:1px solid black'></a>   <a href='http://www.imitationpickles.org/pyweek1/'><img src='http://www.imitationpickles.org/miniads/dynamite.gif' width=103 height=32 alt="Dynamite" style='border:1px solid black'></a>   <a href='http://www.imitationpickles.org/ld487/'><img src='http://www.imitationpickles.org/miniads/chestival.gif' width=103 height=32 alt="The Hairy Chestival" style='border:1px solid black'></a> <br> All content of <a href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/">imitation pickles</a> <a href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles1/index.shtml?cur=copyright">(c) 1999-2008</a> - <a href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/contact.html">Phil Hassey</a>  <B>"<a href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles1/index.shtml?cur=wecare">we care</a>"</b></div> </div> </div> </body> </html>

Imitation Pickles - Games body,h1,h2,h3,a,p,td,th,div { font-family: sans-serif; } a, a:link, a:hover, a:active, a:visited { color: #ffffff; } h1, h2, p, div, td { color: #9bb0eb; } h1 { margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 4px; font-size: 28px; } h2 { margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 4px; color: #ffffff; font-size: 18px; } body { margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; background-position: center; } div.main { background: url("http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/skins/default/main.jpg"); background-position: center top; background-repeat: no-repeat; } div.logo { text-align: center; } div.esteem { font-style: italic; text-align: center; color: #ffffff; padding-bottom: 8px; } div.links { text-align: center; xbackground: #9bb0eb; xbackground: #8e9fdf; background: #ffc600; border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding-top: 4px; padding-bottom: 4px; } .links { color: #000000; font-weight: bold; } .links a, .links a:link, .links a:hover, .links a:active, .links a:visited { color: #000000; font-weight: bold; } div.content { } div.news { xborder: 2px solid #9bb0eb; border: 1px solid black; xbackground: #4767c4; background: url("http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/skins/default/bkgr2.jpg"); margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 4px; } .content .news, .content .news div, .content .news p, .content .news td { color: #becfff; } .hype { margin-top: 8px; border: 2px solid #9bb0eb; margin-left: 8px; width: 180px; text-align:center; xbackground: #4767c4; background: url("http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/skins/default/bkgr3.jpg"); background-position: center top; padding: 4px; } .hype , .hype p { xcolor: #becfff; xcolor: #000000; color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold; } div.pickles, div.logo, div.links, div.content { padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px; } div.pickles { color: #9bb0eb; } .pickles a, .pickles a:link, .pickles a:hover, .pickles a:active, .pickles a:visited { color: #ffffff; } /\* forum \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*/ table.forum { border: 2px solid #9bb0eb; background: url("http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/skins/default/bkgr2.jpg"); padding: 4px; } table.forum th { color: #ffffff; } table.forum td { background: #9bb0eb; xbackground: #becfff; color: #000000; border-bottom: 1px solid black; } [![](http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/skins/default/spacer.gif)](http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/) You're a wonderful person, you make me proud! [News](http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/index.html) | [Games](http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/games.html) | [Photos](http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/photos.html) | [Stories](http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/stories.html) | [Music](http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/music.html) | [Code](http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/code.html) | [Junk](http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/junk.html) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Games .page table { border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; } .page a img { border: 1px solid black; margin-left: 12px; margin-right: 12px; } .page td { padding-bottom: 8px; } | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | [Galcon](http://www.imitationpickles.org/galcon/) [The Hairy Chestival](http://www.imitationpickles.org/ld487/) [Watermelons](http://www.imitationpickles.org/melons/)| | [Dynamite](http://www.imitationpickles.org/pyweek1/) [Barbie Seahorse Adventures](http://www.imitationpickles.org/barbie/) [Elephants](http://www.imitationpickles.org/elephant/)| | [Escape from Anathema Mines](http://www.imitationpickles.org/ld486/) [Nannoid](http://www.imitationpickles.org/nannoid/) [The Rustic Classics](http://www.imitationpickles.org/rustic/)| | [Beast](http://www.imitationpickles.org/beast/) [Fractal Tetris](http://www.imitationpickles.org/ftetris/) [Colonel Wiljafjord and the Tarbukas Tyranny](http://www.imitationpickles.org/pyweek3/)| | [Butterflies](http://www.imitationpickles.org/butterflies/) [Pretty in Pink](http://www.imitationpickles.org/pinkdress/) [Cuzco's Goat Bloat Game](http://www.imitationpickles.org/ld484/)| | [Zanthor](http://www.imitationpickles.org/pyweek2/) [Dan and Doug's Adventures in the Holy Land](http://www.imitationpickles.org/dandoug/) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Get ready for the craziest space action game of all time! [Download](http://www.imitationpickles.org/galcon/download.html) | [Buy](http://www.imitationpickles.org/galcon/buy.html) You've never experienced music until you've heard this: [Listen](http://www.imitationpickles.org/toba/revival.html) | [Buy](http://www.imitationpickles.org/toba/revival.html) Because I just like dressing up! [Home](http://www.philhassey.com/) | [Biography](http://www.philhassey.com/blog/biography/) | | [![Galcon](http://www.imitationpickles.org/miniads/galcon.gif)](http://www.galcon.com/) [![Watermelons](http://www.imitationpickles.org/miniads/melons.gif)](http://www.imitationpickles.org/melons/) [![Dynamite](http://www.imitationpickles.org/miniads/dynamite.gif)](http://www.imitationpickles.org/pyweek1/) [![The Hairy Chestival](http://www.imitationpickles.org/miniads/chestival.gif)](http://www.imitationpickles.org/ld487/) All content of [imitation pickles](http://www.imitationpickles.org/) [(c) 1999-2008](http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles1/index.shtml?cur=copyright) - [Phil Hassey](http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/contact.html) **"[we care](http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles1/index.shtml?cur=wecare)"**

http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/games.html

<html> <head> <meta name="keywords" content="family website, Matthew Ragen, Matt Ragen, Amy Ragen, Brooks Ragen, Ragenovich, Radenovic, family history, biography, family memoirs, book recommendations, mountain climbing books, winemaking books, wine appreciation books, wine tasting, wildlife photos, wildlife pictures, nature photos, nature pictures, bald eagles, killer whales, orca whales"> <meta name="description" content="The Ragens web site is focused on Ragen family history (including the Geer and Munk families) in addition to our personal interests such as wildlife photography, wine tastings, books and mountain climbing, and more."> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us"> <meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage 6.0"> <meta name="ProgId" content="FrontPage.Editor.Document"> <title>TheRagens Home Page</title> <META http-equiv="PICS-Label" content='(PICS-1.1 "http://www.classify.org/safesurf/" L gen true for "http://www.theragens.com/" r (SS~~000 1))'> <meta http-equiv="pics-label" content='(pics-1.1 "http://www.icra.org/ratingsv02.html" comment "ICRAonline EN v2.0" l gen true for "http://www.theragens.com/" r (nz 1 vz 1 lz 1 oz 1 cz 1) "http://www.rsac.org/ratingsv01.html" l gen true for "http://www.theragens.com/" r (n 0 s 0 v 0 l 0))'> <meta name="iWatchDog-Program-Licensing" content="http://www.iwatchdog.org/license.html"> <meta name="iWatchDog-Program-Validation" content='true comment "ChildSafe International Web Sites" for "http://www.theragens.com" on "2004.04.04"'> <meta name="Microsoft Theme" content="ragen 111, default"> <meta name="Microsoft Border" content="tlrb, default"> </head> <body background="_themes/ragen/blegback.gif" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#3399FF" alink="#0000FF"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><tr><td><font face="Verdana"> </font><table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" id="table1"> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:6px groove #808080; 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Some of the pages on this website may be of interest to a broad community. Other pages will likely be of interest to just members of our extended families. I post highlights every couple of months in our <a href="Newsletters/newsletter_2006-03.htm">bi-monthly newsletter</a> -- new material on the site as well as other items of interest.</font></p> </font><table border="0" cellpadding="3" style="border-collapse: collapse" id="AutoNumber2"> <tr> <td align="center"><font face="Verdana"><img border="0" src="images/home%20scroll.jpg" width="70" height="54"></font></td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><font face="Verdana"> <p style="margin-bottom: 6"><font size="2"><a href="history/historyhome.htm"> <b>Family history</b></a>. This section, which is what the website was launched around, includes pages on the history of the Ragen and Munk families. Among many other topics, this section includes the complete memoirs, <a href="MunkBio/Munk_Autobiography.htm">My Century and My Many Lives</a>, of my grandfather, Frank Munk.</font></font></td> </tr> </table><font face="Verdana"> <p><font size="2">In addition to <a href="history/Geer%20-%20Fifty%20Years%20In%20Oregon,%20Smith.htm">three different trail diaries</a> by our family of their trip to Oregon via the Oregon Trail, we have recently been adding the full text of <b> <a href="http://www.theragens.com/Fifty_Years">Fifty Years in Oregon</a></b>, a book by T.T. Geer, a former Governor of Oregon, on the early history of Oregon with a focus on politics.<br>  </font></p> </font><table border="0" cellpadding="3" style="border-collapse: collapse" id="table3"> <tr> <td align="center"><font face="Verdana"><img border="0" src="images/home%20photos.JPG" width="65" height="52"></font></td> <td bgcolor="#CCFFCC"><font face="Verdana"> <p style="margin-bottom: 6"><font size="2"><b> <a href="http://www.theragens.com/photos/">Wildlife and nature photos</a></b>: We showcase pictures from the San Juan Islands and the Pacific Northwest. Our wildlife photos feature <a href="http://www.theragens.com/photos/Bald_Eagle_Photos.htm">bald eagles</a>, <a href="http://www.theragens.com/photos/Orca_Whale_Photos.htm">killer whales</a>, <a href="http://www.theragens.com/photos/Red_Fox_Photos.htm">red foxes</a>, <a href="http://www.theragens.com/photos/Deer.htm">black-tailed deer</a>, and more. We've also added an <a href="http://www.theragens.com/photos/Store/Stock_Photography.htm">online storefront</a><b> </b> to purchase the best of our photos; a few of our photos have been converted into <a href="http://www.theragens.com/photos/Store/Pen_and_Ink.htm">pen and ink drawings</a>.</font></font></td> <td bgcolor="#CCFFCC"><font face="Verdana"> <a href="http://www.profotos.com/services/award/index.shtml" target="new"> <img border="0" src="images/proaward.gif" width="180" height="65"></a></font></td> </tr> </table><font face="Verdana"> <p style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom:0"> <img border="5" src="http://www.theragens.com/photos/Vacations/Yellowstone/IMG_4914_96.jpg" align="right"><font size="2">Using a new camera (Canon 10D) with higher resolution and a stronger zoom capability, we have steadily added more high-definition pictures to our wildlife and nature photo albums. The most recent picture that we've posted is a series of eighteen photographs from <b> <a href="http://www.theragens.com/photos/Yellowstone_Photos.htm">Yellowstone</a></b> and <b><a href="http://www.theragens.com/photos/Yellowstone_Photos.htm">Grand Tetons</a></b> National Parks. The thumbnail at right shows a small eruption from Steamboat Geyser but we also have photographs of buffalo, bighorn sheep, and other scenes from the parks.</font></p> <p style="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom:0"> <font size="2">Some of our best pictures include:</font></p> <blockquote> </font><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tr><td valign="top" width="42"><img src="_themes/ragen/blebul1a.gif" width="15" height="15" hspace="13" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><font face="Verdana"> <p style="margin-top: 0"><font size="2"> <img border="0" src="images/symbol_new.gif" align="left" width="23" height="12">"<b><a href="http://www.theragens.com/photos/albums/Landscapes/Landscape_2004-02.htm">Misty Mountain Air</a></b>" was named a Photo of the Day by the Digital Photo Contest website in December of 2004.</font></font></td></tr> <tr><td valign="baseline" width="42"><img src="_themes/ragen/blebul1a.gif" width="15" height="15" hspace="13" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><font face="Verdana"> <p style="margin-top: 0"><font size="2"> <b> <a href="http://www.theragens.com/photos/Wildlife_Photo_Albums.htm">Wildlife photography albums</a></b> from San Juan Island including American <a href="http://www.theragens.com/photos/Bald_Eagle_Photos.htm">bald eagles</a>, <a href="http://www.theragens.com/photos/Orca_Whale_Photos.htm">killer whale photos</a>, <a href="http://www.theragens.com/photos/Red_Fox_Photos.htm">red foxes</a>, <a href="http://www.theragens.com/photos/Deer.htm">black-tailed deer</a>, and images of other native wildlife.</font></font></td></tr> <tr><td valign="baseline" width="42"><img src="_themes/ragen/blebul1a.gif" width="15" height="15" hspace="13" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><font face="Verdana"> <p style="margin-top: 0"><font size="2"><b> <a href="http://www.theragens.com/photos/Landscape_Photos.htm">Landscape photographs</a></b></font></font></td></tr> <tr><td valign="baseline" width="42"><img src="_themes/ragen/blebul1a.gif" width="15" height="15" hspace="13" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><font face="Verdana"> <p style="margin-top: 0"><font size="2"><b> <a href="http://www.theragens.com/photos/Still_Life_Images.htm">Still Life Images</a></b></font></font></td></tr> <tr><td valign="baseline" width="42"><img src="_themes/ragen/blebul1a.gif" width="15" height="15" hspace="13" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><font face="Verdana"> <p style="margin-top: 0"><font size="2"><b> <a href="http://www.theragens.com/photos/albums/Landscapes/Lightning_Bolt_2003-01.htm"> Lightning pictures</a></b></font></font></td></tr> <tr><td valign="baseline" width="42"><img src="_themes/ragen/blebul1a.gif" width="15" height="15" hspace="13" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><font face="Verdana"> <p style="margin-top: 0"><font size="2">Travel photography from <b> <a href="http://www.theragens.com/photos/albums/Travel/Borrego_Springs_2004-01.htm">Borrego Springs</a></b></font></font></td></tr> <tr><td valign="baseline" width="42"><img src="_themes/ragen/blebul1a.gif" width="15" height="15" hspace="13" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><font face="Verdana"> <p style="margin-top: 0"><font size="2"><b> <a href="http://www.theragens.com/photos/Yellowstone_Photos.htm">Yellowstone National Park</a></b> and the <b><a href="http://www.theragens.com/photos/Yellowstone_Photos.htm">Grand Tetons</a></b></font></font></td></tr> </table><font face="Verdana"> </blockquote> <p style="margin-top: 0"><font size="2"> At the end of 2005, we added the end of year photography buying guides from <b> <a href="http://www.theragens.com/photos/Books_Awards/PCPhoto_2004.htm">PCPhoto</a></b>, <b> <a href="http://www.theragens.com/photos/Books_Awards/Popular_Photography_2004.htm">Popular Imaging</a></b>, and <b> <a href="http://www.theragens.com/photos/Books_Awards/PC_Magazine_2004.htm">PC Magazine</a></b> as well as Book of the Month/Year lists from <b> <a href="http://www.theragens.com/photos/Books_Awards/Outdoor_Photographer_2005.htm">Outdoor Photographer</a></b>, <b> <a href="http://www.theragens.com/photos/Books_Awards/Outdoor_Photography_2006_BOTM.htm">Outdoor Photography</a></b> and <b><a href="http://www.theragens.com/photos/Books_Awards/Shutterbug_2005.htm">Shutterbug</a></b> magazines. <br> </font></p> </font><table border="0" cellpadding="3" style="border-collapse: collapse" id="table4"> <tr> <td align="center"><font face="Verdana"><img border="0" src="images/home%20books.jpg" width="64" height="50"></font></td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><font face="Verdana"> <p style="margin-bottom: 6"><font size="2"><b><a href="books/bookhome.htm">Recommended book lists</a></b> are largely based on our current book reading lists as well as other life-long interests such as <a href="http://www.theragens.com/wines/Wine%20Appreciation%20and%20History%20Books.htm">wine tasting</a>, <a href="books/books_on_climbing.htm">mountain climbing</a> and <a href="books/Banff%20Mountain%20Book%20Awards%20-%20Adventure%20Travel.htm">outdoor adventures</a>, <a href="books/Hugo_Nebula_Awards.htm">science fiction</a>, and more.</font></font></td> </tr> </table><font face="Verdana"> <p style="margin-bottom: 6"><font size="2"><b> <a href="books/climbing_book_reviews.htm">New Book Reviews</a></b></font></p> <blockquote> </font><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tr><td valign="top" width="42"><img src="_themes/ragen/blebul1a.gif" width="15" height="15" hspace="13" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><font face="Verdana"> <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom:0"> <font size="2"><b> <a target="new" href="books/Reviews/Review_Escape_Lucania.htm">Escape from Lucania: An Epic Story of Survival</a></b> by David Roberts </font><a href="books/Banff%20Mountain%20Book%20Awards.htm"> <img border="0" src="books/images/symbol_bookaward.gif" width="60" height="17"></a></font></td></tr> <tr><td valign="baseline" width="42"><img src="_themes/ragen/blebul1a.gif" width="15" height="15" hspace="13" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><font face="Verdana"> <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom:0"> <font size="2"><b> <a href="books/Reviews/Review_Beckoning_Silence.htm">The Beckoning Silence</a></b> by Joe Simpson </font> <a href="books/NOBA/NOBA_Outdoor_Literature.htm"> <img border="0" src="books/images/symbol_bookaward.gif" width="60" height="17"></a> </font></td></tr> <tr><td valign="baseline" width="42"><img src="_themes/ragen/blebul1a.gif" width="15" height="15" hspace="13" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><font face="Verdana"> <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom:0"> <font size="2"><b> <a target="new" href="books/Reviews/Review_Lost_Backyard.htm">Lost in My Own Backyard: A Walk in Yellowstone National Park</a></b> by Tim Cahill</font></font></td></tr> <tr><td valign="baseline" width="42"><img src="_themes/ragen/blebul1a.gif" width="15" height="15" hspace="13" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><font face="Verdana"> <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom:0"> <font size="2"><b> <a target="new" href="books/Reviews/Review_Rock_Jocks.htm">Rock Jocks, Wall Rats and Hang Dogs: Rock Climbing on the Edge of Reality</a></b> by John Long</font></font></td></tr> <tr><td valign="baseline" width="42"><img src="_themes/ragen/blebul1a.gif" width="15" height="15" hspace="13" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><font face="Verdana"> <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom:0"><font size="2">The winners of the <b> <a href="books/Boardman-Tasker%20Award.htm">2005 Boardman-Tasker Memorial Award</a></b> and the <b> <a href="books/Banff%20Mountain%20Book%20Awards.htm">2005 Banff Mountain Book Festival Awards</a></b> have been named. Check out these other award winners:</font></font><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tr><td valign="top" width="42"><img src="_themes/ragen/blebul2a.gif" width="12" height="12" hspace="15" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><font face="Verdana"> <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2"><b> <a href="books/American%20Alpine%20Club%20Literary%20Award.htm">2005 American Alpine Club Awards</a></b></font></font></td></tr> <tr><td valign="baseline" width="42"><img src="_themes/ragen/blebul2a.gif" width="12" height="12" hspace="15" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><font face="Verdana"> <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font size="2"><b> <a href="books/National_Outdoor_Book_Awards.htm">2004 National Outdoor Book Award</a></b></font><br> </font></td></tr> </table><font face="Verdana"> </font></td></tr> </table><font face="Verdana"> </blockquote> </font><table border="0" cellpadding="3" style="border-collapse: collapse" id="table2"> <tr> <td align="center"><font face="Verdana"><img border="0" src="images/Wines/WE%20Storage.jpg" width="65" height="40"></font></td> <td bgcolor="#CCFFCC"><font face="Verdana"> <p style="margin-bottom: 6"><font size="2"><b> <a href="http://www.theragens.com/wines/">Notes on wines, wineries and grapes</a></b>. We share thoughts on some of our favorite wines as well as some of our favorite Internet wine stores and websites and wine books. We also detail the establishment of our <a href="http://www.theragens.com/wines/sunbreak/Sunbreak_Cellars_1_Backyard_Vineyard.htm">backyard vineyard</a> which we are calling Sunbreak Cellars.</font></font></td> </tr> </table><font face="Verdana"> <h3 style="margin-bottom: 6"><span style="font-weight: 400"><font size="2">Some of our most recent updates to our wine pages include:</font></span></h3> <blockquote> </font><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tr><td valign="top" width="42"><img src="_themes/ragen/blebul1a.gif" width="15" height="15" hspace="13" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><font face="Verdana"><font size="2"> <b> <img border="0" src="images/symbol_new.gif" align="left" width="23" height="12"><a href="http://www.theragens.com/wines/Tasting%20Party%20-%20Sangiovese.htm">Anything with Sangiovese</a></b>. We returned from a visit to Italy and brought together a broad bunch of any wine with Sangiovese it. Found a surprise winner too!</font></font></td></tr> <tr><td valign="baseline" width="42"><img src="_themes/ragen/blebul1a.gif" width="15" height="15" hspace="13" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><font face="Verdana"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top:0"><font size="2"> <img border="0" src="images/symbol_new.gif" align="left" width="23" height="12">We planted <b> <a href="http://www.theragens.com/wines/sunbreak/Sunbreak_Cellars_1_Backyard_Vineyard.htm"> Sunbreak Cellars, our backyard vineyard</a></b>, in 2003. Read about the steps we took to get it started. (Updated through 2004.)</font></font></td></tr> <tr><td valign="baseline" width="42"><img src="_themes/ragen/blebul1a.gif" width="15" height="15" hspace="13" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><font face="Verdana"><font size="2">We have just added three new lists of books.</font></font><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tr><td valign="top" width="42"><img src="_themes/ragen/blebul2a.gif" width="12" height="12" hspace="15" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><font face="Verdana"><font size="2"> <b><a href="http://www.theragens.com/wines/Decanter%20Wine%20Book%20Recommendations.htm">Books recommended by Decanter Magazine</a></b></font></font></td></tr> <tr><td valign="baseline" width="42"><img src="_themes/ragen/blebul2a.gif" width="12" height="12" hspace="15" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><font face="Verdana"><font size="2"> <b><a href="http://www.theragens.com/wines/Books_James_Beard_Award.htm"> James Beard Foundation: Best Books on Wine and Spirits</a></b></font></font></td></tr> <tr><td valign="baseline" width="42"><img src="_themes/ragen/blebul2a.gif" width="12" height="12" hspace="15" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><font face="Verdana"><font size="2"> <b><a href="http://www.theragens.com/wines/books_glenfiddich_awards.htm">Glenfiddich Food and Drink Awards</a></b></font></font></td></tr> </table><font face="Verdana"> </font></td></tr> <tr><td valign="baseline" width="42"><img src="_themes/ragen/blebul1a.gif" width="15" height="15" hspace="13" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><font face="Verdana"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top:0"><font size="2">We have also added a <b><a href="http://www.theragens.com/wines/Wine_Survey.htm">wine tasting survey</a></b> to give us an improved scoring tools.<br>  </font></font></td></tr> </table><font face="Verdana"> </blockquote> </font><table border="0" cellpadding="3" style="border-collapse: collapse" id="table5"> <tr> <td align="center"><font face="Verdana"><img border="0" src="images/home%20other.jpg" width="65" height="81"></font></td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><font face="Verdana"><font size="2"><b><a href="misc/misc_home.htm">Miscellaneous topics</a></b> of interest to us in our personal and professional lives. These include various papers that we have written, within our communities such as various organizations that we are involved with and other hobbies that we enjoy such as boomerangs, kites and more.</font></font></td> </tr> </table><font face="Verdana"> <p style="margin-top: 6"><font size="2"><b><a href="reunions/reunion_home.htm">Reunion icebreakers</a></b>. Ideas that we picked up from our own family reunions over the last year or two that may be helpful for your reunion.</font></p> <p><font size="2"><b><a href="http://www.ragen.org/">Bottled Poetry Blog</a></b>. We've started our own blog for more spontaneous publishing. Check out our comments if you have time. We're not doing a very good job of keeping this up-to-date...<br>  </font></p> <p><font size="2">So, in short, enjoy the stuff that we've posted on this website. If you like what you see or are curious about some of the articles that we have posted, please <b> <a href="feedback.htm">complete our feedback form</a></b> or send us a <a href="mailto:feedback@theragens.com"><b>quick note</b></a> to us. If you're interested on how we have built this site, then check out the <a href="about.htm"><b>details</b></a>.</font></p> <p><font size="2">Site maps:</font></p> </font><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tr><td valign="baseline" width="42"><img src="_themes/ragen/blebul1a.gif" width="15" height="15" hspace="13" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><font face="Verdana"><font size="2"><a href="site_map.htm"><b>Site map of our family history, book recommendations, and other information</b></a></font></font></td></tr> <tr><td valign="baseline" width="42"><img src="_themes/ragen/blebul1a.gif" width="15" height="15" hspace="13" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><font face="Verdana"><font size="2"><b><a href="site_map1.htm">Site map of our photography and wine webs</a></b> -- and our <b><a href="site_map2.htm">photo galleries</a></b></font></font></td></tr> </table><font face="Verdana"> <p><font size="2">This page was last updated on 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TheRagens Home Page | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | **[Family History](http://www.theragens.com/history/historyhome.htm) [Wines](http://www.theragens.com/wines/) [Photography](http://www.theragens.com/photos/) [Books](books/bookhome.htm)** | **[Amazon Bestsellers](http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=theragens&path=tg%2Fnew-for-you%2Ftop-sellers%2F-%2Fbooks%2Fall%2Fref%3Db_tn_bh_be)** |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **TheRagens Site Contents** **[Home Page](http://www.theragens.com/)** **[Book Resources](http://www.theragens.com/books/bookhome.htm)** **[Family History](http://www.theragens.com/history/historyhome.htm)** **[Newsletters](http://www.theragens.com/Newsletters/newsletter_index.htm)** **[Reunions](http://www.theragens.com/reunions/reunion_home.htm)** **[Wildlife Photos](http://www.theragens.com/photos/)** **[Wine Tastings](http://www.theragens.com/wines/)** - **[Bottled Poetry](http://www.ragen.org/)** **[Other Pages](http://www.theragens.com/misc/misc_home.htm)** **[About Us](http://www.theragens.com/about.htm)** **[Contact Us](http://www.theragens.com/feedback.htm)** **[Privacy Policy](http://www.theragens.com/about.htm#Privacy)** **[Registration](http://www.theragens.com/Surveys/Registration.htm)** **[Site Map](http://www.theragens.com/site_map.htm)** **Affiliate Sites** [Deal of the Day](http://www.kqzyfj.com/click-1255916-10388149) [Powell's Books](http://www.powells.com/cgi-bin/partner?partner_id=26547) [Altrec.com - Outdoor Gear](http://www.qksrv.net/click-1255916-9786876) **[Additional Affiliate Programs](Affiliates.htm)** var site="s14theragens" [Site Meter](http://s14.sitemeter.com/stats.asp?site=s14theragens) | | **Welcome to the Ragen Family Website!** This website is a home-grown family website, designed and built on our free time. Some of the pages on this website may be of interest to a broad community. Other pages will likely be of interest to just members of our extended families. I post highlights every couple of months in our [bi-monthly newsletter](Newsletters/newsletter_2006-03.htm) -- new material on the site as well as other items of interest. | | | | --- | --- | | | [**Family history**](history/historyhome.htm). This section, which is what the website was launched around, includes pages on the history of the Ragen and Munk families. Among many other topics, this section includes the complete memoirs, [My Century and My Many Lives](MunkBio/Munk_Autobiography.htm), of my grandfather, Frank Munk. | In addition to [three different trail diaries](history/Geer%20-%20Fifty%20Years%20In%20Oregon,%20Smith.htm) by our family of their trip to Oregon via the Oregon Trail, we have recently been adding the full text of **[Fifty Years in Oregon](http://www.theragens.com/Fifty_Years)**, a book by T.T. Geer, a former Governor of Oregon, on the early history of Oregon with a focus on politics. | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | | **[Wildlife and nature photos](http://www.theragens.com/photos/)**: We showcase pictures from the San Juan Islands and the Pacific Northwest. Our wildlife photos feature [bald eagles](http://www.theragens.com/photos/Bald_Eagle_Photos.htm), [killer whales](http://www.theragens.com/photos/Orca_Whale_Photos.htm), [red foxes](http://www.theragens.com/photos/Red_Fox_Photos.htm), [black-tailed deer](http://www.theragens.com/photos/Deer.htm), and more. We've also added an [online storefront](http://www.theragens.com/photos/Store/Stock_Photography.htm) to purchase the best of our photos; a few of our photos have been converted into [pen and ink drawings](http://www.theragens.com/photos/Store/Pen_and_Ink.htm). | | Using a new camera (Canon 10D) with higher resolution and a stronger zoom capability, we have steadily added more high-definition pictures to our wildlife and nature photo albums. The most recent picture that we've posted is a series of eighteen photographs from **[Yellowstone](http://www.theragens.com/photos/Yellowstone_Photos.htm)** and **[Grand Tetons](http://www.theragens.com/photos/Yellowstone_Photos.htm)** National Parks. The thumbnail at right shows a small eruption from Steamboat Geyser but we also have photographs of buffalo, bighorn sheep, and other scenes from the parks. Some of our best pictures include: | bullet | "**[Misty Mountain Air](http://www.theragens.com/photos/albums/Landscapes/Landscape_2004-02.htm)**" was named a Photo of the Day by the Digital Photo Contest website in December of 2004. | | bullet | **[Wildlife photography albums](http://www.theragens.com/photos/Wildlife_Photo_Albums.htm)** from San Juan Island including American [bald eagles](http://www.theragens.com/photos/Bald_Eagle_Photos.htm), [killer whale photos](http://www.theragens.com/photos/Orca_Whale_Photos.htm), [red foxes](http://www.theragens.com/photos/Red_Fox_Photos.htm), [black-tailed deer](http://www.theragens.com/photos/Deer.htm), and images of other native wildlife. | | bullet | **[Landscape photographs](http://www.theragens.com/photos/Landscape_Photos.htm)** | | bullet | **[Still Life Images](http://www.theragens.com/photos/Still_Life_Images.htm)** | | bullet | **[Lightning pictures](http://www.theragens.com/photos/albums/Landscapes/Lightning_Bolt_2003-01.htm)** | | bullet | Travel photography from **[Borrego Springs](http://www.theragens.com/photos/albums/Travel/Borrego_Springs_2004-01.htm)** | | bullet | **[Yellowstone National Park](http://www.theragens.com/photos/Yellowstone_Photos.htm)** and the **[Grand Tetons](http://www.theragens.com/photos/Yellowstone_Photos.htm)** | At the end of 2005, we added the end of year photography buying guides from **[PCPhoto](http://www.theragens.com/photos/Books_Awards/PCPhoto_2004.htm)**, **[Popular Imaging](http://www.theragens.com/photos/Books_Awards/Popular_Photography_2004.htm)**, and **[PC Magazine](http://www.theragens.com/photos/Books_Awards/PC_Magazine_2004.htm)** as well as Book of the Month/Year lists from **[Outdoor Photographer](http://www.theragens.com/photos/Books_Awards/Outdoor_Photographer_2005.htm)**, **[Outdoor Photography](http://www.theragens.com/photos/Books_Awards/Outdoor_Photography_2006_BOTM.htm)** and **[Shutterbug](http://www.theragens.com/photos/Books_Awards/Shutterbug_2005.htm)** magazines. | | | | --- | --- | | | **[Recommended book lists](books/bookhome.htm)** are largely based on our current book reading lists as well as other life-long interests such as [wine tasting](http://www.theragens.com/wines/Wine%20Appreciation%20and%20History%20Books.htm), [mountain climbing](books/books_on_climbing.htm) and [outdoor adventures](books/Banff%20Mountain%20Book%20Awards%20-%20Adventure%20Travel.htm), [science fiction](books/Hugo_Nebula_Awards.htm), and more. | **[New Book Reviews](books/climbing_book_reviews.htm)** | bullet | **[Escape from Lucania: An Epic Story of Survival](books/Reviews/Review_Escape_Lucania.htm)** by David Roberts | | bullet | **[The Beckoning Silence](books/Reviews/Review_Beckoning_Silence.htm)** by Joe Simpson | | bullet | **[Lost in My Own Backyard: A Walk in Yellowstone National Park](books/Reviews/Review_Lost_Backyard.htm)** by Tim Cahill | | bullet | **[Rock Jocks, Wall Rats and Hang Dogs: Rock Climbing on the Edge of Reality](books/Reviews/Review_Rock_Jocks.htm)** by John Long | | bullet | The winners of the **[2005 Boardman-Tasker Memorial Award](books/Boardman-Tasker%20Award.htm)** and the **[2005 Banff Mountain Book Festival Awards](books/Banff%20Mountain%20Book%20Awards.htm)** have been named. Check out these other award winners: | bullet | **[2005 American Alpine Club Awards](books/American%20Alpine%20Club%20Literary%20Award.htm)** | | bullet | **[2004 National Outdoor Book Award](books/National_Outdoor_Book_Awards.htm)** | | | | | | --- | --- | | | **[Notes on wines, wineries and grapes](http://www.theragens.com/wines/)**. We share thoughts on some of our favorite wines as well as some of our favorite Internet wine stores and websites and wine books. We also detail the establishment of our [backyard vineyard](http://www.theragens.com/wines/sunbreak/Sunbreak_Cellars_1_Backyard_Vineyard.htm) which we are calling Sunbreak Cellars. | Some of our most recent updates to our wine pages include: | bullet | **[Anything with Sangiovese](http://www.theragens.com/wines/Tasting%20Party%20-%20Sangiovese.htm)**. We returned from a visit to Italy and brought together a broad bunch of any wine with Sangiovese it. Found a surprise winner too! | | bullet | We planted **[Sunbreak Cellars, our backyard vineyard](http://www.theragens.com/wines/sunbreak/Sunbreak_Cellars_1_Backyard_Vineyard.htm)**, in 2003. Read about the steps we took to get it started. (Updated through 2004.) | | bullet | We have just added three new lists of books. | bullet | **[Books recommended by Decanter Magazine](http://www.theragens.com/wines/Decanter%20Wine%20Book%20Recommendations.htm)** | | bullet | **[James Beard Foundation: Best Books on Wine and Spirits](http://www.theragens.com/wines/Books_James_Beard_Award.htm)** | | bullet | **[Glenfiddich Food and Drink Awards](http://www.theragens.com/wines/books_glenfiddich_awards.htm)** | | | bullet | We have also added a **[wine tasting survey](http://www.theragens.com/wines/Wine_Survey.htm)** to give us an improved scoring tools. | | | | | --- | --- | | | **[Miscellaneous topics](misc/misc_home.htm)** of interest to us in our personal and professional lives. These include various papers that we have written, within our communities such as various organizations that we are involved with and other hobbies that we enjoy such as boomerangs, kites and more. | **[Reunion icebreakers](reunions/reunion_home.htm)**. Ideas that we picked up from our own family reunions over the last year or two that may be helpful for your reunion. **[Bottled Poetry Blog](http://www.ragen.org/)**. We've started our own blog for more spontaneous publishing. Check out our comments if you have time. We're not doing a very good job of keeping this up-to-date... So, in short, enjoy the stuff that we've posted on this website. If you like what you see or are curious about some of the articles that we have posted, please **[complete our feedback form](feedback.htm)** or send us a [**quick note**](mailto:feedback@theragens.com) to us. If you're interested on how we have built this site, then check out the [**details**](about.htm). Site maps: | bullet | [**Site map of our family history, book recommendations, and other information**](site_map.htm) | | bullet | **[Site map of our photography and wine webs](site_map1.htm)** -- and our **[photo galleries](site_map2.htm)** | This page was last updated on 09/03/06. 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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta name="author" content="Slava Novikov"> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <meta name="description" content="The word SUN in 7100 languages of the world at the world map"> <meta name="keywords" content="sun, language, world, all, different, languages, of, list, translate, how to say, word, sun in other languages"> <title>The word 'sun' in all languages of the world</title> <link href="../body.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <style></style> </head> <body> <img src="../image/ru_list_big.gif" width="400" height="39" alt="lists"> <br><br> <a href="sun.htm"><strong>to the Russian version</strong></a> <div id="logo"> <a href="../arch.htm#0043"><img src="../image/logo.gif" width="247" height="76" title="to the content" alt="to the content of the issue!"></a><img src="../image/n43.gif" width="36" height="30" title="43" alt="43"> </div> <h2>The word 'Sun'<br>in all languages of the world</h2> <table class="f"> <tr class="non"> <td><h6>A man has originated from the Central Africa territory and began to settle in Asia and Europe, then started to settle around the world. This hypothesis is supported by many prominent linguists and confirmed by data of archaeological excavations and genetic studies.<br></h6> <div class="zoom"> <img class="r" src="human_spread.gif" width="300" height="165" alt="The Human Migration Map"> </div> <h6> To verify this hypothesis we can collect all translations of any word significant to ancient man from various languages and systematize them according to the degree of similarity. To begin with, I decided to analyze the word "sun" - after all, primitive man probably had to call our luminary somehow! <br> The list below partly confirms this hypothesis. However in some languages the word 'sun' in no way resembles with the surrounding languages. I do not know how to explain this. <br> Firstly a man maybe had settled around the world and later he had acquired the articulate speach... in some languages may be the designation of our luminary was changed several times... Besides this there were neanderthals in Europe...<br> May be I should make not a table but a tree...</h6> </td><td> <h6> Perhaps the word 'sun' is not the best choice for the research because many peoples of the planet could consider our luminary as a God, or Deity. <br> Many questions arise. <a href="sun_karta_engl.htm" target="_blank"> <img class="r" src="sun_map_mini.jpg" width="300" height="165" title="the word SUN in all languages on the map - zoom in a new window!" alt="The world map with the word "SUN" in local languages - zoom in a new window!"></a> <br> I deal with this topic and feel myself as a fool (I can say without false modesty - as an idiot)...<br> As the data increases I have to abandon the attempts to confirm any hypothesis of the origin of languages. Let it be just A List.<br> And it will be the List for the 43-rd issue of the 'Idiot' magazine! The list will be extended and corrected (your assistance is welcome). The languages in the list are arranged by the similarity of the sound of the word 'sun' (at the end of the list there is not any similarity).<br> Perhaps I should have to make the list where the languages are arranged in alphabetical list to simplify the search of required language.<br> The translations are given in transliteration (in the way we hear it).<br><br> Slava Novikov </h6> </td></tr></table> <img src="sun.gif" width="140" height="134" style="margin-left:40%;" alt="the sun" title="the sun"> <table style="WIDTH: 799px"> <tr><td> </td> <td><h6><em>l a n g u a g e s :</em></h6></td> <td><h6><em>n o t e s:</em></h6></td></tr></table> <table style="WIDTH: 799px"> <tr><td>so</td><td>Ligurian †</td><td><h6>(Liguru, Ligure, Zeneize) - one of the Gallic-Italian languages, used on Northwest of Italy in Liguria province. That was an ancient language, spoken by the population of Northwest of Italy and Southwest of France in Pre-Roman era.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sol</td><td>Latin</td><td><h6>ancient language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sol</td><td>Old Icelandic language</td><td><h6>the language of West Scandinavian subgroup of German languages, used until the middle of XIV c. by immigrants from modern Norway (the Vikings), which settled Island.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sol</td><td>Old Swedish</td><td><h6> </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sol</td><td>Old Danish</td><td><h6> </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sol</td><td>Asturian</td><td><h6>(Asturian; asturianu, formerly also known as bable) is a West Iberian Romance language spoken in Principality of Asturias, Spain. </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sol</td><td>Aragonese language</td><td><h6>is a Romance language, that was spoken on the territory of Aragon Kingdom in Spain</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sol</td><td>Galician </td><td><h6>(Galego), Iberian-romanic subgroup of Roman group of languages (Spain)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sol</td><td>Danish</td><td><h6>Danmark</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sol</td><td>Icelandic</td><td><h6>(islenska) - the language of Icelanders (Scandinavian group of German languages).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sol</td><td>Spanish</td><td><h6>Spain</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sol</td><td>Catalan</td><td><h6>Spain</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sol</td><td>Balear Catalan</td><td><h6>Palma island (Mediterranean sea)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sol</td><td>Castilian</td><td><h6>(Spain, Andorra)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sol</td><td>Ladino </td><td><h6>(self-name: Lingaz ladin) belongs to retoroman subgroup roman group Indoeuropian language family. Alternative name is Sephardic or Judeo-Spanish colloquial and written language of Spanish Jews. The endangered language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sol</td><td>Mirandese</td><td><h6>Romanic language, spoken by the people of small territory in North-East Portugal</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sol, sola</td><td>Norwegian</td><td><h6>Norway</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sol</td><td>Gjestal Norwegian</td><td><h6>Norway</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sol, sul</td><td>Piedmont (Piemontese)</td><td><h6>Language spoken in Piedmont, region in the Northwest of Italy.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sol</td><td>Portuguese</td><td><h6>Romance; Indo-European; Europe</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sol (sel)</td><td>Faroe (Faroese)</td><td><h6>(self-name: Foroyskt mal) language of Freres, that inhabit the Faroe Islands (an autonomous region of Denmark). Descendant language of Normanns (immigrants from the South-West Norway).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sol</td><td>Swedish</td><td><h6>language of east subgroup of scandinavian group, spoken in Sweden, some part of Finland and on autonomous Aland islands.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sol</td><td>Extremaduran</td><td><h6>Ibero-romanic dialect, spoken on south-western Spain</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sol</td><td>Nones </td><td><h6>Nones is a dialect named after and spoken in the Non Valley in Trentino, Northern Italy.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sol</td><td>Valencian</td><td><h6>a linguistic variety spoken in the Valencian Community, Spain</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sol</td><td>Emiliano Carpigiano</td><td><h6>Italy</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sol</td><td>Emiliano Ferrarese</td><td><h6>Italy</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Sol</td><td>Fala</td><td><h6>Portugal, at the border with Spain</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sol</td><td>Korlai</td><td><h6>western seashore of India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>solo</td><td>Dyimini</td><td><h6>Ivory Coast (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sal</td><td>Garo</td><td><h6>Bodo-Garo; Sino-Tibetan; AsiaAssam, India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sal</td><td>Lalung</td><td><h6>Tiwa, or Lalung, is a Sino-Tibetan language of Assam in North East India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Sal</td><td>Riang</td><td><h6>Riang is a Mon-Khmer language of Burma and China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sole</td><td>Venetian</td><td><h6>There are two unrelated Venetian languages, both associated with the Veneto region on North-East of Italy. Venetian language is an ancient language of Venet tribe, representing separate branch of Indo-European languages (ousted by Latin language)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sole</td><td>Italian</td><td><h6>Italy</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sole</td><td>Neapolitan</td><td><h6>Dialect of Italian language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sole</td><td>Maceratese</td><td><h6>an Italian dialect</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sole</td><td>Neapolitan-Calabrian</td><td><h6>South dialect of Italian language, spoken in Naples region and in Northern Caliber.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sole</td><td>Norman</td><td><h6>(France - Great Britain)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sole</td><td>Nynorsk</td><td><h6>a variant of Norwegian language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sole</td><td>Sardinian</td><td><h6>Self-name: Sardu. Sardinian language aroused from Latin dialects, spoken on Sardinia. (Romance; Indo-European; Europe)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sola</td><td>Norwegian </td><td><h6>(Nynorsk)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sole (fr.)</td><td>Jerriais</td><td><h6>(or Jersey French) is the form of the Norman language spoken in Jersey, in the Channel Islands, off the coast of France.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>solea</td><td>Walloon</td><td><h6>One of the Belgium languages (the Roman group), spoken in Belgium (Wallonia region), in France (the Ardennes department and some villages of Nor department)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>soil</td><td>Gothic</td><td><h6>the extinct East Germanic language that was spoken by the Goths.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>soleil [solEj]</td><td>French</td><td><h6>France</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>soleil</td><td>Cajun French</td><td><h6>Dialect of French, spoken mainly in Louisiana (USA)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>soley</td><td>Mauritian</td><td><h6>Mauritius island (the Indian ocean)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>solely</td><td>Franco-Provencal</td><td><h6>(Arpitan language) - Romanic language (Gallo-Roman subgroup), south-east France, Roman Switzerland and North-west Italy</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>solelh</td><td>Occitan</td><td><h6>a Romance language (or - Provencal) — the language of indigenous population of Occitania (the South of Franca), and some neighboring regions of Spain and Italy. It is divided into Northern-Occitan (Limousin, Auvergnat, Provencal alpin) and Southern-Occitan (Languedocian, Provencal, Gascon, Nicois). Catalan is the closest relative of modern Occitan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>solel</td><td>Chti (or Patois)</td><td><h6>This is the variety of Picard which is spoken in Northern France, in Nord-Pas-de-Calais (Picard is a regional language spoken in Northern France and also in Belgium, by a total of about 500,000 speakers).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>solen</td><td>Norsk (bokmal) </td><td><h6>Self-name: Norsk (Norway). There are two official forms of Norwegian language now - bokmal and nynorsk</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>soli</td><td>Corsican</td><td><h6>(Self-names: Corsu, Corso, Corse, Corsi) - a dialect of Italian language. Corsica (France) and the North of Sardinia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>soli</td><td>Gallurese Sardinian</td><td><h6>at the Northern part of Sardinia island (Italy)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sin</td><td>Eastern Frisian</td><td><h6>Netherlands</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sin</td><td>Seeltersk</td><td><h6>Saterland Frisian, also known as Sater Frisian or Saterlandic (Seeltersk), is the last living dialect of the East Frisian language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sinne</td><td>Frisian</td><td><h6>(self-name: Fryske talen) — the language of frisians (west group of German languages). Spoken mainly in Freeslandia province (Netherlands).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sin</td><td>Southern Bobo Madare</td><td><h6>Burkina Faso (west part), Africa.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zin</td><td>Gronings</td><td><h6>Northern Netherlands</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zin</td><td>Northern Low Saxon</td><td><h6>Northern Low Saxon is a West Low German dialect.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>si</td><td>Bomu Bobo</td><td><h6>at the border between Burkina Faso and Mali (western Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>izige</td><td>Yanda</td><td><h6>Yanda - the language in Mali (near the Burkina Faso border .</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zon3</td><td>Brabantic</td><td><h6>Belgium</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zon</td><td>Limburgish</td><td><h6>Belgium</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zon, zoon</td><td>Dutch </td><td><h6>Northern Europe</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zon</td><td>West Vlaams language</td><td><h6>Self-name: Vlaemsch. In the North part of Belgium and in Nor department in France.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zon (zun)</td><td>Yiddish</td><td><h6>(Hebrew) — Juwish language of German group, historically main language of Ashkenazi, that was spoken at the beginning of XX century about 11 mln. of Jews in all over the world.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zon</td><td>Limburgish</td><td><h6>(self-name: Limburgs) West Germanic language, that represents a set of dialects of south-east Netherlands</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>son</td><td>Afrikaans</td><td><h6>(Boer) close to Dutch. Spoken in South Africa, Botswana, Malawi, Namibia, Swaziland, Zambia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sonn</td><td>Luxemburgeois</td><td><h6>(self-name: Letzebuergesch) - a language of everyday communication of Luxemburg residents (Europe).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sonE</td><td>Swabian</td><td><h6>Swabian is one of the dialect groups of Alemannic German that belong to the High German dialect continuum. It is spoken in Swabia, which covers much of the southwestern German state of Baden-Wurttemberg, including its capital, Stuttgart.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sonne</td><td>German</td><td><h6>(Deutsche)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sonne</td><td>Middle Dutch</td><td><h6>Middle Dutch is a collective name for a number of closely related West Germanic dialects whose ancestor was Old Dutch and was spoken and written between 1150 and 1500.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sunne</td><td>Middle Low German</td><td><h6>(or Middle Saxon) is a language that is descendant of Old Saxon and the ancestor of modern Low German</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sunne</td><td>Middle High German</td><td><h6> </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sunne (sun3)</td><td>Old Frisian</td><td><h6>a West Germanic language spoken between the 8th and 16th centuries in the area between the Phine and Weser on European North Sea coast.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sunne</td><td>Old English</td><td><h6>Old English language (Anglo-Saxon language) — an early form of English language, that was common on the territory of modern England and south Scotland from the middle of the 5th up to the middle of the 12th cent.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sunne</td><td>East-Frisian</td><td><h6>(Self-name: Seeltersk; Seelterfraiske) or Saterland Frisian language — one of the Frisian languages, which is spoken in deutsche city Saterland.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sunne</td><td>Bernese German</td><td><h6>Switzerland</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zun3</td><td>Zeelandic</td><td><h6>(Zeeuws; Zeeuws in Dutch) is a Low Franconian dialect of Dutch spoken in the southwestern parts of the Netherlands, more specifically the Southernmost part of South Holland (Goeree-Overflakkee) and large parts of the province of Zeeland</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zun3</td><td>Stellingwerfs</td><td><h6>Stellingwarfs is the form of Dutch Low Saxon spoken in Ooststellingwerf and Weststellingwerf in the Dutch province of Friesland, and also in Steenwijkerland in the Dutch province of Overijssel.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sulberi; sulis </td><td>Helsinki Stadin Slangi</td><td><h6>the southern Finland (at the Finnish Gulf seashore)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aurinko </td><td>Finnish</td><td><h6>Finland</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suna (sunna)</td><td>Old High German</td><td><h6>Old High German, any of the West Germanic dialects spoken in the highlands of Southern Germany, Switzerland, and Austria until the end of the 11th century.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suna (sunna)</td><td>Old Saxon</td><td><h6>(also colled Old Low German) earliest recorded form of Low German, spoken by thr Saxon tribes between the Rhine and Elbe rivers and between the North Sea and the Harz Mountains from the 9th until the 12th century</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sunna</td><td>Old Frankish</td><td><h6>(also Old Franconian) was the West German Language spoken by the Franks between the 4th and 8th century</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suna</td><td>Old Low Franconian</td><td><h6>The Frankish language, also 'Old Frankish', was the language of the Franks. It is a West Germanic language and was spoken in Merovingian times, preceding the 7th century.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suna</td><td>Old Low Franconian</td><td><h6>Low Franconian, Low Frankish are a group of several West Germanic languages spoken in the Netherlands, Northern Belgium (Flanders), in the Nord department of France, in western Germany</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sunna</td><td>Old German</td><td><h6> </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zuna</td><td>Cimbrian</td><td><h6>Cimbrian (native name Zimbar; German: Zimbrisch or Tzimbrisch; Italian: Cimbro) refers to any of several local Upper German varieties spoken in Northeastern Italy. The speakers of the language are known as Zimbern.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zunne</td><td>Achterhoeks </td><td><h6> Achterhooks is a dialect of the Low Saxon language, also known as Low German. It is primarily spoken in the Achterhoek region, which is located in the eastern part of the Netherlands, near the German border.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sunn</td><td>Low Saxon</td><td><h6>(also Low German) is an Ingvaeonic West Germanic language spoken mainly in Northern Germany and the eastern part of the Netherlands. It is descended from Old Saxon in its earliest form</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sunn</td><td>Alsatian</td><td><h6>a regional language spoken in Alsace (eastern France) by about 700,000 speakers. It is a Germanic language, closely related to other nearby Alemannic dialects, such as Swiss German and Swabian.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sunn</td><td>Deitsch </td><td><h6>Dialect of German language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sunn</td><td>Pfalzisch </td><td><h6>Dialect of German language (in the cities Rheinland-Pfalz, Baden-Wurttemberg, Saarland, Gessen)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sunn</td><td>Ripuarian</td><td><h6>self-name: Ripoarisch. Central German dialect (the most known as an Ripuarian language), which among others, Yiddish based on. (Spoken in Germany, Belgium, Netherlands)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sunn</td><td>Plattduutsch </td><td><h6>(Low Deutsche)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sunn</td><td>Kolsch</td><td><h6>the city of Cologne in the West Germany</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zunne</td><td>West-Flemish dialect</td><td><h6>(Dutch: West-Vlaams) is a language spoken in western Belgium and adjoining parts of the Netherlands and France</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sul</td><td>Istriot</td><td><h6>Istriot is a Romance language spoken by about 400 people in the southwestern part of the Istrian Peninsula in Croatia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sul</td><td>Lombard Bergamo</td><td><h6>Italy, to the North of Milan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sulel</td><td>Languedocien</td><td><h6>France</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>su</td><td>Hamburg</td><td><h6>Hamburg Low German dialect</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>su; sulei</td><td>Occitan Aranese</td><td><h6>Aranese is a standardized form of the Pyrenean Gascon variety of the Occitan language spoken in the Val d'Aran, in Northwestern Catalonia close to the Spanish border</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suu</td><td>Lombard Plesio</td><td><h6>Italy, to the North of Milan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suu</td><td>Lombard</td><td><h6>Self-name - Lumbaart</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suu</td><td>Ticinese</td><td><h6>(ticines) is a comprehensive denomination for the varieties of the Lombard language spoken in Canton Ticino (Tessin) and in the North of the Province of Varese.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sun [san]</td><td>English</td><td><h6> </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sun</td><td>Bavarian</td><td><h6>is a major group of Upper German varienties spoken in the southeast of the German languages area, largely covered by Bavaria and Austria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sun</td><td>Scottish</td><td><h6>a West Germanic language variety spoken in Lowland Scotland and parts of Ulster in Ireland.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>su*N</td><td>Jo</td><td><h6>Southern Mali (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>son</td><td>Kamtok</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>so</td><td>Kempee</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>soe</td><td>Biyanda</td><td><h6>Western CAR</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>soe</td><td>Gbaya Mbodomo</td><td><h6>CAR (at the border with Cameroon)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>soe</td><td>Gbaya</td><td><h6>North-western CAR</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>soge; nangE</td><td>Susu</td><td><h6>The Susu language is the language of the Susu or Soso people of Guinea and Sierra Leone, West Africa.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>soge</td><td>Yalunka</td><td><h6>Yalunka (or Jallonka) is the language of the Yalunka people of Guinea, Mali, Senegal, and Sierra Leone in West Africa.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sun</td><td>Marathi</td><td><h6>Marathi language is an Indo Aryan language, mainly spoken in the state of Maharashtra. Marathi is also spoken in Israel and Mauritius. Marathi is thought to be a descendent of Maharashtri, one of the Prakrit languages which developed from Sanskrit.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sun</td><td>Chinook slang</td><td><h6>The language of aboriginal North Americans, Penutian language family. The word 'sun' is borrowed from English language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sun</td><td>Manchurian</td><td><h6>China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sun</td><td>Xibe</td><td><h6>The Xibe language (also Sibo, Sibe, Xibo language) is a Tungusic language spoken by members of the Xibe minority of Northwest China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sun</td><td>Dirrim</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>su(n)</td><td>Udege</td><td><h6>The language of udegeys is a Tungus-Manchurian language, making with other Amur languages the Amur subgroup of Tungus group of the languages. Its closest relative is the Oroch language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>seu(n); s3u</td><td>Oroch (Orochi)</td><td><h6>the language of the Orochi people in Russia. Its closest relatives are Nanai and Udege languages. Spoken in Khabarovsk krai.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>su(n)</td><td>Orok</td><td><h6>it belongs to Tungus-Manchurian languages. Unwritten. Endangered.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sun</td><td>Aihui Manchu</td><td><h6>Manchu is a severely endangered Tungusic language spoken in Manchuria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>san</td><td>Koch</td><td><h6>Koch (or - Wanang) is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken by the Koch people of Republic of India, Rajbanshi people in Nepal and Bangladesh.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>san</td><td>Kachari</td><td><h6>India (Himalayas)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>san</td><td>North Frisian Amrum</td><td><h6>spoken on the island of Amrum in the German region of North Frisia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>san</td><td>Mech</td><td><h6>Bodo, or Mech, is the Sino-Tibetan language of the Bodo people of North-eastern India and Bengal.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>san</td><td>Nocte</td><td><h6>Nocte is a Naga language of Northeastern India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>san</td><td>Naga Nocte</td><td><h6>Northeastern India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sansurvira</td><td>Vaagri Boli</td><td><h6>Vaagri Booli is an unclassified tribal Indic language of Southern India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sana</td><td>Talinga</td><td><h6>Talinga or Bwisi is a language spoken in the Uganda-Congo border region. It is called Talinga (Kitalinga) in DRC and Bwisi (Lubwisi, Olubwisi) in Uganda.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>isaana; sana</td><td>Gwere</td><td><h6>Gwere, or Lugwere, is the language spoken by the Gwere people, a Bantu people found in the eastern part of Uganda.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>isana</td><td>Lugwere [gwr]</td><td><h6>in Budaka, Kibuku, and Pallisa districts in Eastern Uganda where the number of mother-tongue speakers is approximately 410,000 people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>omusana</td><td>Luganda</td><td><h6>language of the Uganda people (Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>musana (kyanda)</td><td>Lubwisi [tlj] </td><td><h6>Spoken in Bundibugyo district in Western Uganda where the number of mother-tongue speakers is approximately 99,000 people. The language is also spoken by about 31,000 people in Congo where it is called Kitalinga.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mus</td><td>Duguri</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mus</td><td>Kenyang-Kitwii</td><td><h6>Cameroon (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sanya</td><td>Mambwe</td><td><h6>Northern Zambia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>saNey</td><td>Wawa</td><td><h6>Wawa is a Mambiloid language spoken in a region of Cameroon and just inside bordering Nigeria used by about 3,000 people in three main dialects.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sanza5i</td><td>Anyi</td><td><h6>Niger-Congo language spoken mainly in Cote d'Ivoir and Gana.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sunk</td><td>Khanty </td><td><h6>The language of aborigines of the North of West Siberia, living in river basins of tributaries of Ob and Irtysh.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sanhe</td><td>Dhimal</td><td><h6>a Sino-Tibetan language of Nepal spoken by about 20,000 people. </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>usil</td><td>Etruscan</td><td><h6>Language spoken by the ancient people of Etruria in what is now Italy. The language is accepted as an isolated case.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ushil</td><td>Etruscan</td><td><h6>Etruscan was a language spoken and written in the ancient region of Etruria (current Tuscany) and in parts of what are now Lombardy, Veneto, and Emilia-Romagna (where the Etruscans were displaced by Gauls), in Italy.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>soe</td><td>Bangandu</td><td><h6>Bangandu (Bangando) is a Gbaya language of Cameroon and CAR.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sovilo</td><td>Old-German Runic script</td><td><h6> </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rdull (rthul)</td><td>Old Norse</td><td><h6>Old Norse is the North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements during the Viking Age, until about 1300. Gradually, Old Norse splintered into the modern North Germanic languages: Icelandic, Faroese, Norwegian, Danish and Swedish.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>selao</td><td>Dzoratai</td><td><h6>Elvetia, Italy (*).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sowl</td><td>Emiliano Reggiano</td><td><h6>Italy, the San Marino region</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sowl</td><td>Romagnol Ravennate</td><td><h6>Romagnol is a Romance language mostly spoken in Romagna (Northern Italy)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>soari</td><td>Romanian Megleno</td><td><h6>Megleno-Romanian (known as Vlahete by its speakers, and Megleno-Romanian or Meglenitic and sometimes Moglenitic or Meglinitic by linguists) is a Romance language, similar to Aromanian, or a dialect of the Romanian language. It is spoken by the Megleno-Romanians in a few villages in the Moglena region that spans the border between the Greek region of Macedonia and the Republic of Macedonia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suleL</td><td>Romansh Grishun</td><td><h6>Romansh language — German Rumantsch, also called Grishun, or Grisons, Romance language of the Rhaetian group spoken in Northern Italy and Switzerland, primarily in the Rhine Valley in the Swiss canton of Graubunden (Grisons).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suLeL</td><td>Romansh Surmiran</td><td><h6>Romansh is divided into five different regional dialects (Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran, Puter, and Vallader), each with its own standardized written language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sulEL</td><td>Romansh Sursilvan</td><td><h6>Sursilvan is a group of dialects of the Romansh language spoken in the Swiss district of Surselva.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>diell</td><td>Albanian</td><td><h6>Albanian is the official language of Republic of Albania. Also spoken in Serbia, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Romania, Slovenia, Italy, etc.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dieL</td><td>Albanian, Gheg </td><td><h6>one of the variety of Albanian (like Arvanitika)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>diaw</td><td>Arvanitic</td><td><h6>The language is spoken in Greece. The Arvanitic language is variety of Tosk Albanian</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suli</td><td>Sicilian</td><td><h6>Indo-European; Europe</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sulay</td><td>Romansh Vallader</td><td><h6>Vallader is a variety of the Romansh language spoken in the Lower Engadine valley (Engiadina Bassa) of southeast Switzerland, between Martina and Zernez.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sureL</td><td>Gascon</td><td><h6>France</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suredl</td><td>Gherdeina</td><td><h6>the dialect of Ladin в Val Gardena (a valley in Northern Italy, in the Dolomites of South Tyrol). </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>saul</td><td>Emilian-Romagnolo</td><td><h6>is a Romance language, mostly spoken in Emilia-Romagna, Italy.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>saul</td><td>Dalmatian</td><td><h6>Montenegro (former Yugoslavia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>saule</td><td>Liv (Livonian)</td><td><h6>The south branch of Baltic-Finnish group of Finno-Ugric language family. The extinct language of Livs, inhabiting mostly the coastal part of Ventspils region of Latvia. The closest relative language is Estonian.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>saule</td><td>Old Prussian language</td><td><h6>(or Prussian) The language of Baltic tribe of prussians that inhabited the south bank of Baltic Sea. Applied to the West baltic subgroup of the Baltic group of the Indo-european language family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>saule</td><td>Lithuanian</td><td><h6> </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>saule</td><td>Samogitian</td><td><h6>a dialect of the Lithuanian language spoken mostly in Samogitia (in the western part of Lithuania).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>saule</td><td>Latvian</td><td><h6>a dialect of the Lithuanian language spoken mostly in Samogitia (in the western part of Lithuania)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>saule</td><td>Latgale</td><td><h6>The language is considered as High Latvian dialect of Latvian language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>saule</td><td>Zemaiteska</td><td><h6>(dialect of Lithuanian language)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sauil</td><td>Gothic language</td><td><h6>(ancient) old english (?)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sunce</td><td>Serbo-Groatian</td><td><h6>the language of Serbs, Groats, Montenegrins and Bosnian Muslims (former Yugoslavia).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sunce</td><td>Serbian</td><td><h6> </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sunce</td><td>Groatian </td><td><h6>official language of Groatia (Republika Hrvatska).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sunce</td><td>Bosnian</td><td><h6>one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Also spoken in Groatia, Montenegro and Serbia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sonce</td><td>Slovenian</td><td><h6> </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sonce</td><td>Russian</td><td><h6>RF</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sonce</td><td>Ukrainian</td><td><h6> </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sonca</td><td>Belarusian</td><td><h6>Eastern Europe</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sonce, sonceto</td><td>Macedonian</td><td><h6>Slavic; Indo-European; Europe</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>slenCe, kolo</td><td>Old Russian</td><td><h6> </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>SlenC~e</td><td>Nashta</td><td><h6>Greece</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>slunice</td><td>Old Slavonic </td><td><h6>(Old Church language)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sluntse</td><td>Bulgarian</td><td><h6> </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>son-c-e</td><td>Dihovo</td><td><h6>Dihovo is a village in the municipality of Bitola, Republic of Macedonia located about seven kilometers away from Bitola, the second largest city in the country.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>slnce</td><td>Church Slavonic </td><td><h6>By this language the translation of the Bible was made in 9th century. One of the dialects of slavonic language (also called Old Bulgarian).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>slonce</td><td>Polish</td><td><h6>Poland</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>slonco (sw~3nco ?)</td><td>Upper Sorbian</td><td><h6>One of two closely related languages spoken by the Sorbs, a Slavic minority in the Lusatia region of eastern Germany</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>slunce (suunce ?)</td><td>Silesian</td><td><h6>Dialect of Polish language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>slunce</td><td>Czech</td><td><h6>Slavic; Indo-European; Europe</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>slunce</td><td>Old Czech</td><td><h6>Slavic; Indo-European; Europe</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>slunce (swu5cE)</td><td>Kashubian</td><td><h6>Kashubian has about 50,000 speakers in Poland, where it is an official regional language. It is used for local administration purposes in Sierakowice, Pomeranian Voivodeship and in parts of the Pomeranian Voivodeship. Like Polish, it is a West Slavic language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>slynco</td><td>Low Sorbian</td><td><h6>One of two closely related languages spoken by the Sorbs, a Slavic minority in the Lusatia region of eastern Germany (West Slavic branch of the Indo-Europian languages.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>slnko, slnce</td><td>Slovak</td><td><h6>Slavic; Indo-European; Europe</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sloonko</td><td>Rusyn (Ruthenian)</td><td><h6>Rusyns - a Slavic ethnic group (about 30000 people), living in some regions of Vojvodina and Groatia (former Yugoslavia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cen; cien</td><td>Acoli (Acholi)</td><td><h6>(also Acoli, Akoli, Acooli, Atscholi, Shuli, Gang, Lwoo, Lwo, Lok Acoli, Dok Acoli) is spoken by the Acholi people in Acholiland in Northern Uganda and in Magwe County in Southern Sudan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>CiEN</td><td>Alur</td><td><h6>(Aloro, Alua, Alulu, Dho Alur, Jo Alur, Lur, Luri) The three most closely related languages to Kenyan Luo are the languages of the Acholi and Lango in Uganda, and the Alur language in Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>CiaN (CEN)</td><td>Shilluk</td><td><h6>Shilluk is a Luo language spoken by the Shilluk people of South Sudan and Sudan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cen</td><td>Anuak</td><td><h6>western Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cen</td><td>Luwo</td><td><h6>Luwo, also known as Jur (Luo, Dheluwo), is a language spoken by the Luwo people of Bahr el Ghazal region in South Sudan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sEn; san</td><td>Krio</td><td><h6>an English-based 'pidgin' language in Sierra Leone</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sEN</td><td>Bom</td><td><h6>The Bom language (alternates: Bome; Bomo) is an endangered language of Sierra Leone.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cen</td><td>di Bor </td><td><h6>South Sudan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ceN</td><td>Adhola </td><td><h6>The Adhola language, also known as Japadhola and Ludama, is the language of the Adhola people (aka Jopadhola or Badama) of Uganda. Dhopadhola is generally mutually intelligible with Acholi, Lango, Kumam, and Alur of Uganda and Dholuo of Kenya.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>CEN</td><td>Lango</td><td><h6>Lango (or Langgo) is an Eastern Nilotic language spoken an estimated 38,000 people in South Sudan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>CEN</td><td>Giur</td><td><h6>South Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>CEN</td><td>Nuer</td><td><h6>The Nuer language is spoken by the Nuer people of South Sudan and in western Ethiopia (region of Gambela).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sEni; sεni</td><td>Mbre</td><td><h6>Mbre, also spelled Bre, Bere, Pre, is an endangered language spoken in Cote d'Ivoire (Africa).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>se</td><td>Bakaka</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>se; usi</td><td>Lega</td><td><h6>the DR of Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>se</td><td>Karang</td><td><h6>Karang language (also called Mbum East or Lakka) is an Mbum language of Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>se</td><td>Ngoumi</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>se</td><td>Njak Mbai</td><td><h6>Nzakambay (Njak Mbai), or Nzakambay Mbum, is an Mbum language of Southern Chad and Northern Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>se (ese); si</td><td>Bongili</td><td><h6>Bongili is a Bantu language of the Republic of Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>se</td><td>Ko</td><td><h6>Chad (at the border with Cameroon)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>se</td><td>Malgbe</td><td><h6>in Northern part of Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>se</td><td>Mboshi</td><td><h6>Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>se; eton dyow</td><td>Baneka</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ce</td><td>Afade</td><td><h6>Afade is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in eastern Nigeria and Northwestern Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ce</td><td>Kali</td><td><h6>the Central African Republic</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ce</td><td>Kari</td><td><h6>the Central African Republic</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>c3</td><td>Aghem Isu</td><td><h6>Aghem is a Grassfields Bantu language spoken in the Wum Central Sub-division in Menchum Division of the North West Region of Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>si</td><td>Bobo</td><td><h6>Mande family: West-Mande group, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ci</td><td>Abe</td><td><h6>Kwa family: Agneby group (Ivory Coast)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ci</td><td>Lenyima</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ci; ciki</td><td>Dama</td><td><h6>Dama language (Cameroon), possibly a dialect of Mono.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sEnz~Ene</td><td>Nzema</td><td><h6>Nzema (Nzima), also known as Appolo, is a Central Tano language spoken by the Nzema people of southwestern Ghana and southeast Cote d'Ivoire.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sesei</td><td>Mbum</td><td><h6>an Adamawa language of Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>siar</td><td>Ron</td><td><h6>Ron (also known as Challa, Chala) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iSi*</td><td>Nyanga</td><td><h6>The Nyanga language is a language spoken by the Nyanga people in Kivu province, North-eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>isi</td><td>Nande</td><td><h6>the Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>isi</td><td>Nugunu</td><td><h6>The Gunu language (Nu Gunu or Nugunu) is a Southern Bantoid language of Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iso li busa; dakabusa</td><td>Ngombe</td><td><h6>Ngombe, or Lingombe, is a Bantu language spoken by about 150,000 people in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iso libose</td><td>Eso Yalemba</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iso lyause</td><td>Lokele Yalemba</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iso*o</td><td>Shanga</td><td><h6>Shanga (Shangawa, Shonga, Shongawa) is a Mande language of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sosa*</td><td>Ngondi</td><td><h6>Ngondi is a Bantu language of the Republic of Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>is</td><td>Lendu Ddradha</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>isa</td><td>Kulung Nigeria</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>isate</td><td>Illo Busa</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sont~a </td><td>Seeku</td><td><h6>Seeku is a Mande language spoken by the Seemogo people of Burkina Faso.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>SonTo</td><td>Kwakum</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>o5 (o5a)</td><td>Kalonge</td><td><h6>Cameroon (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>o5</td><td>Mmala (Numala)</td><td><h6>a language of Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uo</td><td>Defaka</td><td><h6>Nigeria (Ijoid; Niger-Congo; Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>o*ne</td><td>Benge Bati</td><td><h6>DRC (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>o*so*</td><td>Kyenga</td><td><h6>at the border between Nigeria and Benin</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>o*t; o*tyo</td><td>Doohwaayaayo</td><td><h6>Northern Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>o</td><td>Lobala</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>o</td><td>Mungong</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>o</td><td>Ncane</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>swance</td><td>Tokharian A</td><td><h6>Tocharian A is a dead Indo-European language (east-tokharian). India, South-East Asia. 1st millenium BC - 1st millenium AC.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>swanco; kaum</td><td>Tokharian B</td><td><h6>Tocharian B is a dead Indo-European language (west-tokharian). India, South-East Asia. 1st millenium BC - 1st millenium AC.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kom; kaum</td><td>Tocharian</td><td><h6>Tocharian (Tokharian) is an extinct branch of the Indo-European language family. It is known from manuscripts dating from the 6th to the 8th century AD, which were found in oasis cities on the Northern edge of the Tarim Basin (now part of Xinjiang in Northwest China).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>komb~e</td><td>Myene</td><td><h6>Gabon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>komb~e</td><td>Okande (Kande)</td><td><h6>Kande is an undocumented Bantu language of Gabon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>komb~e</td><td>Xehimba</td><td><h6>Gabon (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>komb~e</td><td>Xepinzipinzi</td><td><h6>Gabon (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>komb~e</td><td>Xetsoxo</td><td><h6>Gabon (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kombe</td><td>Kande</td><td><h6>Kande is an undocumented Bantu language of Gabon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>siun </td><td>Nanaj (Nanai)</td><td><h6>The Nanai language (also called Gold, Goldi, or Hezhen) is spoken by the Nanai people in Siberia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>siun </td><td> Negidal</td><td><h6>Negidal (also spelled Neghidal) is a language of the Tungusic family spoken in the Russian Far East, mostly in Khabarovskij Kraj, along the lower reaches of the Amur River.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>siun</td><td>Ulcha</td><td><h6>The Ulch language, or Olcha, is a Tungusic language spoken by the paleo-asian Ulch people in North East Asia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Siwun</td><td>Jurchen</td><td><h6>at the Northern area of China (Amur region)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>siwun</td><td>Kur Urmi</td><td><h6>Kili (Kirin, Kila), known as Hezhe or more specifically Qileen in Chinese and also as the Kur-Urmi dialect of Nanai, is a Tungusic language of Russia and China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sivun </td><td>Negidal Verchovski</td><td><h6>the Russian Far East</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>siyu</td><td>Lasi</td><td><h6>Southern Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sigun</td><td>Solon</td><td><h6>Tungusic; Altaic; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sigun</td><td>Tunguska</td><td><h6>Manzhouli, the Northern China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>siun; dylachah</td><td>Evenk</td><td><h6>The Tungus-Manchurian branch of the Altai language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>siun</td><td>Negidal language</td><td><h6>unwritten language of negidal people, spoken in Khabarovsk region of Russia. Tunguska branch of Tungus-Manchurian languages. Its closest relative is the Evenk language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>siu(n)</td><td>Ulchi language</td><td><h6>the endangered language of Ulvhi people (unwritten). The language of the Southern (Amur) group of Tungus-Manchurian languages, Its closest relatives are Nanai и Orok languages. Spoken in Ulchi region of Khabarovsk krai.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>siu; siun </td><td>Nanai</td><td><h6>Nanai is a Tungusic language spoken by the Nanai people in Siberia. There are about 3,900 speakers, but most of them use Russian as their primary language, making Nanai an endangered language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Sy~u*</td><td>Naykhin Nanai</td><td><h6>Middle/lower Amur dialects Naykhin, Dzhuen, Bolon, Ekon, etc: the areas along the Amur River below Khabarovsk Nanai, Amursk, Solnechny, and Komsomolsk districts of Khabarovsk Krai</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Si</td><td>Mokscha Mordwinisch</td><td><h6>Mordovia (Russian Federation)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>si (shees)</td><td>Moksha</td><td> <h6>Moksha language is a member of the Mordovic branch of the Uralic languages with around 130,000 native speakers. Its closest relative is the Erzya language. Moksha is also considered to be closely related to the extinct Veshcherian and Muromian languages. Finno-Ugoric language family</h6> </td> </tr><tr><td>si</td><td>Torwali</td><td><h6>Torwali, or Turvali, is a Dardic language spoken in Kohistan and Swat districts of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>сipay</td><td>Mordvin</td><td><h6>language of people inhabit the Mordovian autonomous region and nearby towards Volga river.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ci; cipay</td><td>Erzya language </td><td><h6>The Erzya language is spoken by about 260,000 people in the Northern and eastern and North-western parts of the Republic of Mordovia and adjacent regions of Nizhniy Novgorod, Chuvashia, Penza, Samara, Saratov, Orenburg, Ulyanovsk, Tatarstan and Bashkortostan in Russia. The language belongs to the Mordovinic branch of the Uralic languages.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>siga</td><td>Fiji (Fijian)</td><td><h6>The Republic of the Fiji Islands (a state in South-Western part of Pacific Ocean).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>igan</td><td>Ket (Yenisei-Ostyak)</td><td><h6>the sole surviving language of the Yeniseian language family. It is spoken along the middle Yenisei Basin. Only a few hundred speakers remain.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ega; egi; kgi</td><td>Kott</td><td><h6>Kott, now extinct, was a Yeniseian language spoken in central Siberia by the banks of Mana River, a tributary of the Yenisei river.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ega</td><td>Arin</td><td><h6>a Yeniseian language (like Kott) which was spoken until the 18th century along the Yenisei river, in Russia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ega; eja; hixem</td><td>Pumpokol</td><td><h6>is a Yeniseian language that became extinct in the 18th century.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eke</td><td>Onge</td><td><h6>Andaman islands (Indian ocean) a language spoken by the Onge people in Little Andaman Island (India)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>heN</td><td>Nancawri (Nancowri)</td><td><h6>Andaman islands, Indian ocean</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ekwan; eokwan; equan</td><td>Nauruan</td><td><h6>a language of a state in Oceania, located in South-West part of Pacific ocean, on the Nauru island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sulegl</td><td>Romansch</td><td><h6>is one of the four national languages of Switzerland. The Rhaeto-Romance subgroup of Romance languages.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sore-s;</td><td>Khoekhoe</td><td><h6>(a.k.a. Nama; Damara; Khoekhoegowab, Khoe-khoe). The biggest Khoisan language: 234000 speakers in Namibia, Botswana and South Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sore-b (sore-b-i)</td><td>!Ora</td><td><h6>Central Khoisan family: Кхойкхой group (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sore</td><td>Korana</td><td><h6>South Africa and perhaps Botswana</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>soare</td><td>Romanian</td><td><h6>Romanian is a Romance language spoken primarily in Romania and Moldova.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>soare</td><td>Aromanian</td><td><h6>(also Macedo-Romanian or Vlach) is an Eastern Romance language spoken in Southeastern Europe.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>soare</td><td>Moldavian</td><td><h6>Romance; Indo-European; Europe</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suari</td><td>Vlach</td><td><h6>The Vlach language is spoken by the Vlach community of eastern Serbia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>soreli</td><td>Friulan</td><td><h6>(Friulian) Spoken in the Friuli Region of the Autonomous Region of Friuli Venezia Giulia, and the Provinces of Udine, Pordenone and Gorizia, Italy.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>soreye</td><td>Nones Fassano</td><td><h6>Northern Italy</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sur3dl</td><td>Nones Gardenese</td><td><h6>Northern Italy</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>soredl, soreie, sorogle</td><td>Ladin</td><td><h6>is a Romance language consisting of a group of dialects, mainly spoken in the Dolomite Mountains in Northern Italy in South Tyrol, the Trentino and the province of Belluno by the Ladin people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sur</td><td>Jamtlandic</td><td><h6>Sweden</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>soorajh</td><td>Urdu</td><td><h6>Urdu is an Indo-European language, related with Hindi. Official language in Pakistan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suryu</td><td>Konkani</td><td><h6>an Indo-Arian language belonging to the Indo-European family of languages and is spoken along the western coast of India (Konkan region).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>surya (suraj)</td><td>Hindi</td><td><h6>an Indo-Arian language. North and Central regions of India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>surya (suryo)</td><td>Bengali</td><td><h6>One of the languages of Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family. Spoken in Bangladesh and in Indian West Bengal state</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>surya (surej)</td><td>Gujarati</td><td><h6>one of the official languages of India spoken in the west part of the country.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suray</td><td>Hinduri</td><td><h6>Northern India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>surya</td><td>Kannada </td><td><h6>is one of the major Dravidian languages of India (State of Karnataka in Southern India).</h6> </td> </tr><tr><td>surya (surje)</td><td>Nepali</td><td><h6>The official language of Nepal, also spoken in some regions of the North India. Indic; Indo-European; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>surya</td><td>Kodagu (Kodava)</td><td><h6>an endangered Dravidian language and the original language of the Kodagu district in Southern Karnataka</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>surya</td><td>Marathi</td><td><h6> is an Indo-Aryan language spoken predominantly by Marathi people of Maharashtra (India).</h6> </td> </tr><tr><td>suryan</td><td>Ullatan</td><td><h6>Ullatan is an apparently extinct and unclassified Southern Dravidian language once spoken by two tribes of India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suryan, weda</td><td>Malayalam </td><td><h6>the language of Malayaly people. Spoken in South-west part of India (Kerala state). Belongs to the South group of Dravidian languages, relates with Tamil language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>curiyan</td><td>Tamil</td><td><h6>Tamil is a Southern Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamil people of the Indian subcontinent. It has official status in India, Sri Lanka and Singapore, and it is the administrative language of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. There are about 68 million native speakers.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suriyan</td><td>Paliyan</td><td><h6>The Paliyan, or Palaiyar or Pazhaiyarare are Adivasi Dravidian people living in the South Western Ghats montane rain forests in South India, especially in Tamil Nadu and Kerala.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ira; soorya</td><td>Sinhalese language </td><td><h6>(or Singhalese, or Sinhala), is the native language of Sinhalese people, who make up the largest othnic group in Sri Lanka, numbering about 16 million. Indo-Aryan group of Indo-Iranian branch of Indo-Europian language family. Sinhala has its own writing system, which evolved from the Brahmi script.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ir3</td><td>Vedda</td><td><h6>Vedda is an endangered language which was used by the indigenous Vedda people of Sri Lanka.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suryudu; poddu</td><td>Telugu </td><td><h6>Telugu is a Dravidian language native to India. It is primary language in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Cury~e</td><td>Koraga Korra</td><td><h6>western seashore of India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>%Cury~e</td><td>Koraga</td><td><h6>Koraga (also rendered Koragar, Koragara, Korangi) is a Dravidian language spoken by the Koraga people, a Scheduled tribe people of Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka, and Kerala in South West India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sury~o</td><td>Konkani</td><td><h6>in the West India, Goa state. </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suruy</td><td>Maithili</td><td><h6>Maithili is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in Northern and eastern Bihar of India and a few districts of the Nepal.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suruj; dh~up</td><td>Rajbanshi</td><td><h6>Kamtapuri, Rangpuri or Rajbangshi is a Bengali-Assamese language spoken by the Rajbongshi people in Bangladesh and India, as well as in Rajbanshi and Tajpuria in Nepal.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sur3j</td><td>Hadoti</td><td><h6>India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sur3T (sury~3)</td><td>Gujarati (Gujrati)</td><td><h6>India, the Gujarat province</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>huryo</td><td>Assamese</td><td><h6>the official language of Assam state of India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suriya; bhanu</td><td>Pali</td><td><h6>Pali is an Indo-Aryan language of India, used as the literary language of the Buddhist Scriptures and frequently chanted in a ritual context. Monks from different countries may speak Pali to each other, but there are no native speakers.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suraja</td><td>Bundeli</td><td><h6>Bundeli, or Bundelkhandi, is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Bundelkhand region of central India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suraja (sooraj)</td><td>Punjabi</td><td><h6>An Indo-Aryan language spoken in East part of Pakistan and in North-Western regions of India (mostly in Punjab state).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suraj</td><td>Hindustani</td><td><h6>the language of Indo-Aryan family (Pakistan and the Northern India).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suraj</td><td>Fijian Hindi </td><td><h6>the group of Indo-Aryan languages</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suruj</td><td>Bhojapuri</td><td><h6>Bhojpuri is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Bhojpuri region of North India and in Madhesh, Nepal</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>surej</td><td>Dogri</td><td><h6>Northern India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suraj</td><td>Pahari Mahasu</td><td><h6>spoken in the Himachal Pradesh, Shimla (Simla) and Solan districts (India)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suraj</td><td>Chambeali</td><td><h6>the North of India (Himachal Pradesh state)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>solej</td><td>Reunionnais</td><td><h6>Reunionnais of Indian origin are people of Indian origin in Reunion. They form two ethnic groups on the island, Malbars and Zarabes.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suraT</td><td>Punjabi Majhi</td><td><h6>Pakistan, India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>surTyo</td><td>Oriya</td><td><h6>It is an Indo-Aryan language that is spoken mostly in eastern India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>shuurea (soorya; hiru) </td><td>Sinhala</td><td><h6>One of two official Languages of Sri Lanka (Ceylon).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sury3h; r3vih</td><td>Sanskrit</td><td><h6>Sanskrit is a classical language of India and a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism. Its position in the cultures of South and Southeast Asia is akin to that of Latin and Greek in Europe and it has significantly influenced most modern languages of Nepal and India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suraz</td><td>Agra Gujari</td><td><h6>Pakistan, India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sur3C</td><td>Peshawar City Hindko</td><td><h6>The North India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suri</td><td>Maiya</td><td><h6>Maiya language, also called Abasin Kohistani or Indus Kohistani, is a Dardic language spoken in Kohistan District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suri</td><td>Savi</td><td><h6>Savi (also called Sau, Sauji, Sawi) is a Dardic language spoken in parts of Afghanistan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suri</td><td>Kalasha</td><td><h6>Indic; Indo-European; the language in the northern Pakistan (near the border with Afghanistan)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suri</td><td>Guru Kalasha</td><td><h6>Indic; Indo-European; the language in the northern Pakistan (near the border with Afghanistan)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suri</td><td>Krakal Kalasha</td><td><h6>Indic; Indo-European; the language in the northern Pakistan (near the border with Afghanistan)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suri</td><td>Zugunuk Kalasha</td><td><h6>Indic; Indo-European; the language in the northern Pakistan (near the border with Afghanistan)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suri</td><td>Brokskat</td><td><h6>Indic; Indo-European; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suri</td><td>Aranduyiwar</td><td><h6>(or Gawar-Bati) Afghanistan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suri</td><td>Purigal Phalura</td><td><h6>Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suri</td><td>Ushojo</td><td><h6>Ushoji (also spelled Ushojo) is a Dardic language spoken in Kohistan and Swat districts of the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suri</td><td>Shina</td><td><h6>Shina is a language from the Dardic sub-group of the Indo-Aryan languages family spoken by the Shina people, a plurality of the people in Gilgit-Baltistan (Northern Pakistan), as well as in Dah Hanu, Gurez and Dras in India. There are 18 dialects of the Language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suri</td><td>Gawar Bati</td><td><h6>Afganistan (on border with Iran)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suri</td><td>Biori Phalura</td><td><h6>in the North of Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Zuko; suri</td><td>Chilisso</td><td><h6>Northern Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>surj</td><td>Mandeali</td><td><h6>in the North of India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dih; surj</td><td>Churahi</td><td><h6>in the North of India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>t3dko; dado; surjya </td><td>Lamani</td><td><h6>Lambadi is a Western Rajasthani language spoken by the nomadic Banjara people originally in Rajasthan, and now mainly in the India states of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh, and also in Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Telangana and West Bengal. There are about 5 million speakers of Lambadi. Lambadi is also known as Banjari, Lamani, Lambani, Sugali, Gormati, Goarboali.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Zo</td><td>Miji</td><td><h6>India, the Assam state (at North-eastern area of the country)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suyyi</td><td>Kudmali</td><td><h6>North-eastern India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Xy~um</td><td>Hobyot</td><td><h6>Oman (Arabian peninsula)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>SapSu</td><td>Ugaritic</td><td><h6>Ugaritic is an extinct Northwest Semitic language discovered. It is known almost only in the form of writings found in the ruined city of Ugarit (modern Ras Shamra, Syria).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>so</td><td>Hussainabad Hunza Burushaski</td><td><h6>Northern Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>so</td><td>Uyum Nagar Burushaski</td><td><h6>Burushaski is the predominant language in Hunza and Nagar (Pakistan)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>so</td><td>Ganish Hunza Burushaski</td><td><h6>Northern Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>so</td><td>Hoper Nagar Burushaski</td><td><h6>Northern Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>so</td><td>Haiderabad Hunza Burushaski</td><td><h6>Northern Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>so</td><td>Murtazabad Hunza Burushaski</td><td><h6>Northern Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>so</td><td>Murtazabad Hunza Burushaski</td><td><h6>Northern Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>so</td><td>Central Yasin Burushaski</td><td><h6>in the North of Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sa</td><td>Burushaski</td><td><h6>Burushaski, the language of the Burusho people, is a language isolate spoken in Northern Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sa</td><td>Werchikwar (Wershikwar)</td><td><h6>Dialect of Burushaski language. The North of Kashmir, India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sa</td><td>Chutiya</td><td><h6>in the medieval kingdom of Assam Valley, India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Sa</td><td>Tippera Tongpai</td><td><h6>Bangladesh</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Sa</td><td>Usui</td><td><h6>Bangladesh</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sa</td><td>Deuri</td><td><h6>in the North-Western India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>su:ŋk</td><td>Vakh</td><td><h6>Wakhi is an Indo-European language in the Eastern Iranian branch of the language family spoken today in Wakhan District, Afghanistan and also in Northern Pakistan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>su:ŋk</td><td>Verkhne-Kalymsk language</td><td><h6>Republic of Sacha (Russia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>su:ŋk</td><td>Vasjugan</td><td><h6>Tomsk region, Russia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ser</td><td>Dameli</td><td><h6>Northern Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ia huroi</td><td>Northern Roglai</td><td><h6>The Roglai language is a Chamic language of Southern Vietnam</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yor</td><td>Chatorkhand Khowar</td><td><h6>Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yor</td><td>Garam Chishma Khowar</td><td><h6>Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yor</td><td>Kesu Khowar</td><td><h6>Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yor</td><td>Odir Khowar</td><td><h6>Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yor</td><td>Pargam Nisar Khowar</td><td><h6>Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yor</td><td>Ushu Khowar</td><td><h6>Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sijh</td><td>Multani</td><td><h6>Spoken in the Saraikistan Region, Pakistan. 18 millions of speakers</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sir</td><td>Kalami</td><td><h6>Northern Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yir</td><td>Shimsal Wakhi</td><td><h6>Shimsal Wakhi is an Indo-European language in the Eastern Iranian branch spoken in Northern Pakistan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yir</td><td>Central Gojal Wakhi</td><td><h6>in the North of Pakistan, on the border with Afganistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yir</td><td>Chapursan Wakhi</td><td><h6>in the North of Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yir</td><td>Ishkoman Wakhi</td><td><h6>Northern Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yir</td><td>Yasin Wakhi</td><td><h6>Northern Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>i; iy</td><td>Eighteenth Century Ket</td><td><h6>Trans-urals (Russia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xemx</td><td>Maltese</td><td><h6>Maltese is spoken in Malta, where it is a co-official language along with English. It is also an official language of the European Union. Maltese is a Semitic language, but it is written with the Latin alphabet. It derives from the Arabic dialect that developed in Sicily and the rest of Southern Italy, with vocabulary borrowed from Italian (particularly Sicilian) and English.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>smL</td><td>Sabean</td><td><h6>the Old South Arabian language spoken in Yemen</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>SameS</td><td>Classical Mandaean</td><td><h6>Northern Iran</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>SameS</td><td>Classical Mandaic</td><td><h6>South-western Iran</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>semes</td><td>Hebrew (Jewish)</td><td><h6><Old>Jewish (one of the two official languages of Israel)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>semes (smes, semsa)</td><td>Aramaic (Old)</td><td><h6>Aramaic is a Semitic language with a 3,000-year history. (Aramaic was the native language of Jesus.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Samis</td><td>Hadrami Arabic</td><td><h6>Yemen</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>shemesh, hashemesh</td><td>Hebrew</td><td><h6>(Modern Ashkenazic); Semitic; Afro-Asiatic; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>S3mSa</td><td>Hulaula</td><td><h6>Iraq</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>S3mSa</td><td>Jilu</td><td><h6>Turkey, then (in 1915) in Iran</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>S3mSa</td><td>Lishana Deni</td><td><h6>Palestinian autonomy</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>SimSa</td><td>Lishan Didan</td><td><h6>Northern Iran</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>S3mSa</td><td>Koy Sanjaq Surat</td><td><h6>Northern Iraq</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>SemSo</td><td>Mlahso</td><td><h6>Mlahso, sometimes referred to as Suryoyo or Surayt, is an extinct or dormant Central Neo-Aramaic language. It was traditionally spoken in eastern Turkey and later also in Northeastern Syria by Jacobite Syriac-Assyrians.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Sims (Simus)</td><td>Dhofari Arabic</td><td><h6>Oman (Arabian peninsula)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>SimSa</td><td>Soreth</td><td><h6>Iraq, Iran, Turkey</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>SimSa</td><td>Malula</td><td><h6>Cyria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>SimSE</td><td>Modern Aramaic</td><td><h6>Cyria, Iran</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>SimSE</td><td>Western Neo Aramaic</td><td><h6>Western Neo-Aramaic is a modern Aramaic language. Today, it is spoken in three villages in the Anti-Lebanon Mountains of western Syria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>camc</td><td>Phoenician (Old) </td><td><h6>Phoenician is a Semitic language of the Canaanite subgroup; its closest living relative is Hebrew. The area where Phoenician was spoken includes modern-day Lebanon, coastal Syria, Palestine, Northern Israel, parts of Cyprus and some adjacent areas of Anatolia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Sams</td><td>Soukhne Syrian Arabic</td><td><h6>a dialect of syrian arabic language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>SymS7</td><td>Christian Palestinian</td><td><h6>Palestine</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>shamas</td><td>Assyrian</td><td><h6>Assyrian (Neo Assyrian) language, the common name of modern East-Aramaic dialects (Urmia, Mosul and other), that belong to semitic-hamitic languages. Assyrians inhabit Iran, North Iraq, Syria, Turkey.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>samas</td><td>Babylonian</td><td><h6>The Babylonian language was a dialect of Akkadian, a Semitic language, written in cuneiform script.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>&scaron;am&scaron;u</td><td>Akkadian</td><td><h6>(or Assyro-Babylonian lang.) Accadian is an extinct East Semitic language (part of the greater Afroasiatic language family) that was spoken in ancient Mesopotamia in the 3rd-1st millennia BC.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>al shams</td><td>Arabic</td><td><h6> </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sams</td><td>Tigre (Beni Amer)</td><td><h6>Semitic; Afro-Asiatic; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Sam3s</td><td>North Levantine Spoken Arabic</td><td><h6>Levantine Arabic is a broad dialect of Arabic spoken in the 100 to 200 km-wide Eastern Mediterranean coastal strip.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>SEm3s</td><td>Syrian Arabic</td><td><h6>Syria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>SameS</td><td>Mandayi</td><td><h6>Mandaic language (Iran, Iraq)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>SameS</td><td>Modern Mandaic</td><td><h6>South-western Iran</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>SomES</td><td>Neo-Mandaic Khorramshahr</td><td><h6>(Iran, Iraq)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sam </td><td>Socotran</td><td><h6>Socotri (Soqotry) is the most archaic and isolated language spoken in Yemen and Oman known as “modern South Arabian languages”. Spoken by the Socotri population in the island of Socotra, and the Abd al Kuri and Samhah islands of the Socotra archipelago off the Southern coast of the Republic of Yemen.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>semis</td><td>South Levantine Arabic</td><td><h6>Levantine Arabic is a broad dialect of Arabic spoken in the 100 to 200 km-wide Eastern Mediterranean coastal strip.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Semis</td><td>Juba Arabic</td><td><h6>Southern Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Samis</td><td>Eastern Libyan Arabic</td><td><h6>Libya (Benghazi and Bayda)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>SamiS</td><td>Sudani</td><td><h6>Sudanese dialect of Arabic language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>semsi</td><td>Kibera Kenya</td><td><h6>Kenya</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>SmS</td><td>Achaemenid Aramaic</td><td><h6>Aramaic is a group of languages belonging to the Afroasiatic language phylum. The name of the language is based on the name of Aram, an ancient region in central Syria. The Aramaic Language in the Achaemenid Period.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>S3ms</td><td>Dellys</td><td><h6>Algeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>S3ms</td><td>Algerian Spoken Arabic</td><td><h6>Algeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>SemS</td><td>el maghribпya</td><td><h6>(Magreb) Arabic to the west from Egypt</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sems</td><td>Syriac Aramaic</td><td><h6>Syriac Aramaic is a dialect of Middle Aramaic that was once spoken across much of the Fertile Crescent and Eastern Arabia. Afro-Asiatic language family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>SemSa; SemS</td><td>Syriac</td><td><h6>Syriac, also known as Syriac Aramaic or Classical Syriac, is a dialect of Middle Aramaic that is the minority language of indigenous ethnic Assyrians/Syriacs in south eastern Turkey, Northern Iraq, Northeastern Syria and North western Iran.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>s3</td><td>Lagwan</td><td><h6>Lagwan (Logone) is a Chadic language spoken in Northern Cameroon and southwestern Chad.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>SimS3</td><td>Urmi</td><td><h6>in the West of Iran</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>simigi</td><td>Hurrian</td><td><h6>extinct language spoken from the last centuries of the 3rd millenium BC until at list the latter years of the Hittite empire (Syria, Mesopotamia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Sams</td><td>Ogaden Arabic</td><td><h6>Members of the Ogaden clan primarily live in the central Ogaden plateau of Ethiopia (Somali Region),[1] the North Eastern Province of Kenya, and the Jubaland region of Southern Somalia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sams</td><td>Khaliji</td><td><h6>Alternate Names: ’Arabi, Bedawi, Gulf Arabic, Omani Bedawi Arabic. Arabic, Gulf Spoken Language: Gulf Arabic is a variety of the Arabic language spoken in Eastern Arabia around the coasts of the Persian Gulf in Kuwait, Iraq, Bahrain, eastern Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Iran and Northern Oman.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Sams</td><td>Damascus Arabic</td><td><h6>Surian dialect of the Arabic language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Sams</td><td>Yemen Sanaani Arabic</td><td><h6>Yemen</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Sams</td><td>Masri</td><td><h6>dialect of Arabic language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Sams</td><td>Bahrain Arabic</td><td><h6>the language on the Bahrain island in the Persian Gulf</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Sams</td><td>Kuwaiti Arabic</td><td><h6>Kuwait</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>S3mSo</td><td>Turoyo</td><td><h6>Turoyo (also called Surayt) is a Central Neo-Aramaic language traditionally spoken in Southeastern Turkey and Northeastern Syria by Syriac Christians.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>samsu</td><td>Akkadian †</td><td><h6>The Akkadian language is an extinct Semitic language that was widely spoken in ancient Mesopotamia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xemx [shemsh]</td><td>Maltese</td><td><h6>The official language of Republic of Malta.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>шунды (Sundi)</td><td>Udmurt</td><td><h6>(Permic; Uralic; Russia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>shondy</td><td>Komi-Permic</td><td><h6>Permic; Uralic; Russia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>shondy</td><td>Komi-Zyrian</td><td><h6>Permic; Uralic; Russia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>shondy</td><td>Komi</td><td><h6>a Permian ethnic group whose homeland is in the north-east of European Russia around the basins of the Vychegda, Pechora and Kama rivers</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>be:r-do</td><td>Malto</td><td><h6>Northern Dravidian; Dravidian; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bi:r-i:</td><td>Kurux</td><td><h6>Northern Dravidian; Dravidian; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ho:tel</td><td>North Mansi language</td><td><h6>The Mansi language is spoken by the Mansi people in Russia along the Ob River and its tributaries, in the Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hatl </td><td>Khanty language</td><td><h6>(several dialects) Ural language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>katl </td><td>Yugan Khanty</td><td><h6>(several dialects) Ural language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kath **</td><td>Likrisovskoje</td><td><h6>dialect of the Khanty language (West Sibiria, Russia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kath **</td><td>Malyj Jugan</td><td><h6>dialect of the Khanty language (West Sibiria, Russia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kath **</td><td>Tremjugan</td><td><h6>the dialect of the Khanty language (West Sibiria, Russia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kath **</td><td>Jugan</td><td><h6>the dialect of the Khanty language (West Sibiria, Russia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xat</td><td>Upper Demjanka</td><td><h6>the dialect of the Khanty language (West Sibiria, Russia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xat</td><td>Konda Khanty</td><td><h6>the dialect of the Khanty language (West Sibiria, Russia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xatl</td><td>Khanty</td><td><h6>the language in western Siberia, Russia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xatl</td><td>Kazym</td><td><h6>dialect of the Khanty language (West Sibiria, Russia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xatəl **</td><td>Nizjam</td><td><h6>the dialect of the Khanty language (West Sibiria, Russia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xatəl **</td><td>Sherkaly</td><td><h6>the dialect of the Khanty language (West Sibiria, Russia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xatəl **</td><td>Synja</td><td><h6>the dialect of the Khanty language (West Sibiria, Russia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xatəl **</td><td>Obdorsk</td><td><h6>the dialect of the Khanty language (West Sibiria, Russia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Cux</td><td>Sakhalin Ainu</td><td><h6>Sakhalin Ainu was an Ainu language, or perhaps several Ainu languages, spoken on the island of Sakhalin, now part of Russia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Cup</td><td>Kuril Ainu</td><td><h6>the language in the Shumshu island (Kamchatka ridge of islands), Russia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cup; cup-kamuy; tokap cup</td><td>Ainu (Aynu itak)</td><td><h6>an isolate language formerly located on the islands of Honshu and Hokkaido of Japan, Sakhalin, Kuril Islands and tip of Kamchatka Peninsula in Russia. Today, the language is in danger of going extinct. There is also an unrelated language in western China called the Aynu language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tonocuh</td><td>Ainu Ochiho</td><td><h6>Southern Sakhalin (Russia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tono tonpi</td><td>Ainu Tarantomari</td><td><h6>Southern Sakhalin (Russia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>to</td><td>Ainu Saru</td><td><h6>Northern Japan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>peker cupkamuy</td><td>Ainu Samani</td><td><h6>Northern Japan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kh~jeN</td><td>Gilyak</td><td><h6>Northern part of Sakhalin island (Russia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kh~eN</td><td>Gilyak Amur</td><td><h6>Northern part of Sakhalin island (Russia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kh~eN</td><td>Gilyak East Sakhalin</td><td><h6>Northern part of Sakhalin island (Russia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kh~eN</td><td>Gilyak North Sakhalin</td><td><h6>Northern part of Sakhalin island (Russia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>keN</td><td>Gilyak South Sakhalin</td><td><h6>Northern part of Sakhalin island (Russia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kh~eN</td><td>Gilyak West Sakhalin</td><td><h6>Northern part of Sakhalin island (Russia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kh~en</td><td>Nivkh</td><td><h6>The language of the Nivkhs, that are a small people group who inhabit regions of the Far East on the island of Sakhalin and basin of Lower Amur. The Nivkhs have been known as the Giliaks up until 1930's.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xai</td><td>Karagas</td><td><h6>Karagas, a dialect of the Uralic Mator language. Baikal region (Russia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kaje; xaya</td><td>Mator</td><td><h6>Mator or Motor was a Uralic language belonging to the group of Samoyedic languages, extinct since the 1840s.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xaya</td><td>Matorisch</td><td><h6>Buryatia, Russia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hayar (xayer7)</td><td>Nenets</td><td><h6>Samoyedic; Uralic; northern Russia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hae (hai; taeyang)</td><td>Korean </td><td><h6>Altai language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hvare</td><td>Avesta</td><td><h6>the most ancient iranian language. The Sacred texts of Zoroastrianism were written by this language (the collection is known as 'Avesta')</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hvar</td><td>Scythian</td><td><h6>The language of the Scythians (ancient tribes inhabited the area of the Northern coast of the Black Sea and Caspian region from at least the 11th century BC to the 2nd century AD).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hvare; aurusa; hvar</td><td>Old Avestan</td><td><h6>one of the Eastern Iranian language, spread across the Iranian plateau between 1350 and 350 B.C.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ahay</td><td>Dahlik</td><td><h6>This language is spoken in Eritrea, in the Dahlak Archipelago (Red Sea).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>TS'ahay (tsehay); jambar</td><td>Amharic (Ethiopian)</td><td><h6>Amharic is a Semitic language spoken in Ethiopia. It is the second-most spoken Semitic language in the world, after Arabic, and the official working language of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hay</td><td>Gayil</td><td><h6>Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hay (ay)</td><td>Ari </td><td><h6>The South-West part of Ethiopia (Omotic family: South Omotic group).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hai</td><td>Banna</td><td><h6>Somalia (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hai</td><td>Sedang</td><td><h6>Sedang is an Austro-Asiatic language spoken in eastern Laos and Kon Tum Province in south central Vietnam.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>haja</td><td>Kulfa</td><td><h6>Kaba So, also known as Kulfa after its primary dialect, is a Bongo-Bagirmi language of Chad.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ay; hai; ha:i</td><td>Hamer-Banna</td><td><h6>Hamer or Hamer-Banna is an Omotic language of the Afro-Asiatic language family. It is spoken primarily in the Southern part of Ethiopia by the Hamer, Banna people, and Karo peoples.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>heyom</td><td>Harsusi</td><td><h6>Oman (Arabian peninsula)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>heyom</td><td>Mehri</td><td><h6>This language is spoken in Yemen & the Sultanate of Oman.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>na-h-hu-un-te; nahiti; na-hu-te</td><td>Elamite</td><td><h6>Ancient language of Southwestern Iran (3300 - 500 BC)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hevel</td><td>Chuvash</td><td><h6>one of the two official languages in Chuvash Republic, Russian Federation.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>se'h:w-l/n- o ; sehw-l/n- </td><td>Proto Indo-European †</td><td><h6>(dead)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>helyos</td><td>Ancient Greek language</td><td><h6> </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gelios</td><td>Koine</td><td><h6>Koine comes from the Greek word that means 'common'. Koine Greek was the form of Greek that was spoken during Hellenistic (300 BC - 30 BC) and Roman (30 BC - 300 AD) antiquity. Its development followed the conquests of Alexander the Great, that's why Koine Greek is sometimes named Alexandrian dialect. Koine Greek became the common lingua franca in the Mediterranean region and the Middle East. It was the main language of the Byzantine Empire and it evolved into Medieval Greek, which is the ancestor of Modern Greek. Koine is also the language of the Christian New Testament, that's why it's sometimes known as 'Biblical Greek' or 'New Testament Greek'.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kup, ilios</td><td>Greek</td><td><h6>Europe</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kun</td><td>Karakalpak</td><td> <h6>(Turkic; Altaic; Asia) the language of the main population of Karakalpak republic (Russia); some Karakalpaks also live in Uzbekistan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kun; kunes; qujas</td><td>Karaim</td><td><h6>Karaim is a Turkic language with Hebrew influences, spoken by Crimean Karaites (adherents of Karaite Judaism in Crimea, but also western Ukraine, Poland and Lithuania). It has very few remaining active speakers.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kun</td><td>Dolgan</td><td><h6>The Dolgan language is a Turkic languages with around 1,000 speakers, spoken in the Taymyr Peninsula in Russia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kun</td><td>Khakas</td><td><h6>Khakas is a Turkic language spoken by the Khakas people, who mainly live in the Southern Siberian Khakas Republic, or Khakassia, in Russia. The Khakas number 78,500, of whom 60,000 speak the Khakas language. (Turkic branch of Altai language family).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kun</td><td>Karahanid †</td><td><h6>The Karahanid (Khakanid; Karakhanid) language became extinct by the 1950s, was the Middle Turkic literary language of Central Asia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kun, kin</td><td>Khalaj</td><td><h6>(also known as Arghu) is a divergent Turkic language spoken mainly in Iran and Afganistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kun, qujas (dialect.) </td><td>Oirat</td><td><h6>Oirat is a Mongolic language spoken by the Oirats, pastoral nomadic tribes of Mongolian origin who live in western China and western Mongolia. But the most prominent group today is located in the Republic of Kalmykia (Russian Federation), where they are called Kalmyks. Kalmyk-Oirat has about 500,000 speakers.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kun</td><td>Altai </td><td><h6>(Southern Altai) is a Siberian Turkic language spoken officially in the Altai Republic, Russia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kh~un (kun)</td><td>West Yugur</td><td><h6>The Western Yugur or Yellow Uygur language is Turkic language, spoken by a small community of some 4,600 people, living in the province of Gansu, China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kun; qojas (quyoS)</td><td>Uyghur (Uygur)</td><td><h6>The Turkic language spoken by the Uyghur people in Xinjiang, a Central Asian region administered by China. Uyghur is spoken by around 8.5 million people worldwide.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kun; qujas</td><td>Shor language</td><td><h6>Turkic branch of Altai language family. Spoken by less than 10,000 people in the Kemerovo Oblast of the Russian Federation.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kun, qujos, кун, quyash, guyosh</td><td>Uzbek</td><td><h6>Turkic; Altaic; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kun</td><td>Karachay-Balkar</td><td><h6>(or Balkar) language is a Turkic language language spoken by the Karachays and Balkars (Russia).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>кun (aditja ?)</td><td>Old Turkic language</td><td><h6>language Of ancient peoples of Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kun</td><td>Tofalar</td><td><h6>(also known as Tofa or Karagas) Unwritten language of Tofalars, Turkic people, living on the territory of two villages — Tofalar and Nerchin (Nizneudinsky district of Irkutsk region, Russia). Tofalar language belongs to Sayan group of Turkic languages (which includes Tuvan language and languages of Mongolian Uygur-Hurianhays and Caatans, and Monchaks of Mongolia and China). With less than 30 native speakers, it is nearly extinct.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kun</td><td>Yakut language</td><td><h6>Turkic branch of Altai language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kun</td><td>Kyrgyz</td><td><h6>Turkic language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kun</td><td>Nogai (Noghay)</td><td><h6>Nogai is a Turkic language spoken by about 80,000 people in southwestern Russia. The language is taught at school but the number of speakers is declining. The Nogai people took their name from the grandson of Chenghis Khan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kun, kin</td><td>Kazakh</td><td><h6>Turkic branch of the Altai Mountain group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kin; kun</td><td>Khalaj</td><td><h6>Khalaj is a Turkic language spoken primarily in Iran and Afghanistan. It has about 42,000 speakers. Turkic Khalaj is different from the Indo-Iranian language called Khalaj and also spoken in Iran.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kin</td><td>Sakha</td><td><h6>Sakha language — also called Yakut language or Sakha-Tyla member of the Turkic subfamily (Turkic languages) of the Altaic language family, spoken in Northeastern Siberia (Sakha republic), in Northeastern Russia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kin</td><td>Old Turkic</td><td><h6> </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hin</td><td>Tofa</td><td><h6>Tofa, also known as Tofalar or Karagas, is a moribund Turkic language spoken in Russia's Irkutsk Oblast by the Tofalars.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gun, gunes</td><td>Gagauz</td><td><h6>Gagauz is a Turkic language spoken by the ethnic Gagauz people of Moldova, Ukraine, Russia (Northern Caucasus) and Turkey.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gun, gunes, qujas</td><td>Turkmen</td><td><h6>Turkmenistan (Turkic; Altaic; Asia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gun, gunes (gunas)</td><td>Azerbaijan</td><td><h6> </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gun, gunes</td><td>Kumyk</td><td><h6>language of Kumyks, inhabiting Dagestan. One of the Turkic languages</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gun</td><td>Chagatai language </td><td><h6>Medieval central Asian Turkic literary language, that reached its higher styling as classic language in Timurid possessions in 15-16 centuries.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gun</td><td>Langar Khorasani</td><td><h6>Iran</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gu</td><td>Dewoin</td><td><h6>The Dewoin language, also known as De, Dey, or Dei, is a Kru language of the Niger-Congo language family. It is spoken primarily near the coastal areas of Montserrado County in western Liberia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>guun (gun)</td><td>Salar</td><td><h6>Salar is a Turkic language spoken by the Salar people, who mainly live in the provinces of Qinghai and Gansu in China. The Salar number about 90,000 people, of whom about 70,000 speak the Salar language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>qujas, kunes, kun</td><td>Mediaturkish (Ortaturk) language</td><td><h6>An artificial language created to serve inter-turkish communication.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gunes [gunash]</td><td>Turkish</td><td><h6> </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gunesh (ginES)</td><td>Terekeme Azeri</td><td><h6>the dialect of Azerbaijanian language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gunes</td><td>Urum language </td><td><h6>the language of Greek-Urums, inhabiting the Northern banks of Azov (Ukraine), where they were relocated to from Krym by russian government in 1778. It is akin to Cremian Tatar language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kunes</td><td>Cremian Tatar language</td><td><h6>or Cremian language — the language of Cremian Tatars, corresponds with Turkic languages, belonging to estimated Altai family of languages.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jasyq; kun; kunes; qujas</td><td>Ottoman Turkish</td><td><h6>Ottoman Turkish was used as the administrative and literary language of the Ottoman Empire. It was reformed into Modern Turkish in 1928.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Xor</td><td>Digor Ossetian</td><td><h6>Northern Caucasus</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kon, gojas, яктылык</td><td>Bashkir</td><td><h6>(Russian Federation) Turkic; Altaic; Eurasia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kuyaS</td><td>Misher Tatar</td><td><h6>Tatarstan, Russian Federation</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>koi</td><td>Nganasan</td><td><h6>Nganasan language is spoken by 500 Nganasan people in the southwestern and central parts of the Taymyr Peninsula (Russian Federation).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kaya; koy (?)</td><td>Enets language</td><td><h6>the North group of Samoyedic branch of Uralic language family. Spoken in Krasnoyarsk Krai, along the lower Yenisei River (Russia) by 227 people (2010). It is closely related to Nenets and to Nganasan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xorsid (khorshid) </td><td>Farsi (or Persian) </td><td><h6>Persian is the predominant modern descendant of Old Persian, a southwestern Iranian language within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages. The language is spoken by about 110 million people. Persian or Farsi is the variety of Persian spoken in Iran, whereas Dari is the local name for the Persian language spoken in Afghanistan and Uzbekistan. Tajik, the third variety of Persian, is used in Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Russia. </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>horsed</td><td>Ancient Iranian</td><td><h6> </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>horsed</td><td>Moksha</td><td><h6>is a member of the Mordvinic branch of the Uralic languages with around 130,000 native speakers</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>harashi (?) </td><td>Azari (Iranian)</td><td><h6>Azari (Ar. al-adhariya) was the Iranian language of Azarbaijan before the spread of the Turkish</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>konas, kojas</td><td>Bulgar</td><td><h6>Turkic tribal union of pastoralists and farmers inhabited the steppes of the Northern Black Sea region up to the Caspian Sea and the Northern Caucasus from the 4th century and in the second half of the 7th century migrated partially to the Danube region and later to the Middle Volga region.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>qojas</td><td>Bashkir</td><td><h6>The language belongs to the Western Uralian group of the Turkic branch of the Altaic Language family. Its closest relatives are Chulym and Tatar.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>qojas</td><td>Tatar language</td><td><h6>Turkic branch of the Mountain Altai language group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kun; qujas</td><td>Chulym</td><td><h6>(also known as Chulym Tatar or Melets Tatar) (but different from the Tatar language) is the language of the Chulyms, a now extinct tribe. It is closely related to Shor and Khakas. Only a few speakers remain, in the basin of the Chulym River in central Siberia. Chulym is an Altaic language (Turkic, Altaic, Eurasia).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kun qarax3</td><td>Middle Chulym</td><td><h6>western Siberia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xur</td><td>Ossetian</td><td><h6>the east subgroup of Iran group of Indo-Iranian branch of Indo-Europian languages. Ossetian language has genetic continuity with Alan and Scythian languages.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xur</td><td>Yaghnobi (Yagnobi)</td><td><h6>Spoken in Zafarabad, Yaghnobi River Valley, Lower and Upper Varzob River Valley, Southern Tajikistan and Dushanbe, Tajikistan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Xur</td><td>Iron Ossetian</td><td><h6>Ossetia, Russian Federation</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>roZ; xor</td><td>Sorano (Sorani)</td><td><h6>Central Kurdish or Sorani, one of the main dialects of Kurdish language. Spoken in Iraq (official) and .</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rojiar</td><td>Gurani</td><td><h6>Gorani (also Gurani) is a group of Northwestern Iranian dialects spoken by Kurdish people in the Southernmost parts of Iranian Kurdistan and the Iraqi Kurdistan region.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xor; roZ</td><td>Kurdish Kurmanji</td><td><h6>South-Eastern Turkey</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Xir</td><td>Shughni</td><td><h6>Shughni is one of the Pamir languages of the Southeastern Iranian language group.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xun</td><td>Tuvin (or Tuvan) language </td><td><h6>Tuvin is a Turkic language spoken by around 200,000 people in the Republic of Tuva in south-central Siberia in Russia. There are also small diaspora groups of Tuvan people that speak distinct dialects of Tuvan in the China and in Mongolia. Turkic branch of Altai language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Xor</td><td>Sangisari</td><td><h6>Sangsari or Sangisari is an Iranian language spoken mainly in the Semnan and Tehran provinces of Iran, especially in the Sangesar (Mahdi Shehr) town and in several surrounding villages.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xor</td><td>Vafsi</td><td><h6>Vafsi is a dialect of the Tati language spoken in the Vafs village and surrounding area in the Markazi province of Iran.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>khor</td><td>Farsi </td><td><h6>a variant of Persian language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rosh</td><td>Balochi, Baluchi</td><td><h6>Spoken in Balochistan Province, Pakistan. There are three variants of the language - Eastern, Southern, Western.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>khorshid (farnah -?) </td><td>Persian</td><td><h6> </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>%xurSit; gin</td><td>Harw East Olya Khorasani</td><td><h6>a language variety in the Turkic language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>%xurSit; gin</td><td>Charam Sarjam Khorasani</td><td><h6>a language variety in the Turkic language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xurSit</td><td>Shirwan Khorasani</td><td><h6>Northern Iran</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>XurSid; aftab</td><td>Gilaki</td><td><h6>Iran, the seashore of Caspian sea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hetav; ro; tav; xor; sems</td><td>Kurmanci</td><td><h6>or - Northern Kurdish</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tav, roj, ro, xor, xur, xursid, hetav, sems</td><td>Kurdish</td><td><h6>Аn Indo-European language (belonging to the Iranian branch, like Persian), spoken in Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey by the Kurds (25 million speakers).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gin; ginES</td><td>Asadli Khorasani</td><td><h6>Khorasani Turkic is a Turkic language spoken in North Khorasan Province and Razavi Khorasan Province in Iran</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ginES</td><td>Shirwan Khorasani</td><td><h6>Northern Iran</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gin</td><td>Doughai Khorasani</td><td><h6>a language variety in the Turkic language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gin</td><td>Gujgi Khorasani</td><td><h6>a language variety in the Turkic language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gin; oy</td><td>Qara Bagh Khorasani</td><td><h6>North-East Iran</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gin</td><td>Quchan Khorasani</td><td><h6>North-East Iran, near Turkmenistan border</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gin</td><td>Shurak Khorasani</td><td><h6>language spoken in Northern North Khorasan Province and Razavi Khorasan Province in Iran.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gin</td><td>Soltan Abad Khorasani</td><td><h6>Northern Iran</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gin</td><td>Zeyarat Khorasani</td><td><h6>Northern Iran</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gin</td><td>Hokm Abad Khorasani (and all other 10 dialects of Khorasani </td><td><h6>the Turkic language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gin</td><td>Lotf Abad Khorasani</td><td><h6>Turkmenistan, at the border with Iran</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gin</td><td>Joghatay Khorasani</td><td><h6>Northern Iran</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gin</td><td>Jonk Khorasani</td><td><h6>at the border between Iran and Turkmenistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gin</td><td>Mareshk Khorasani</td><td><h6>Northern Iran</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>giin (gin)</td><td>Pir Komaj Khorasani</td><td><h6>Pir Komaj is a place with a very small population in the province of Khorasan, Iran</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gin; ginES</td><td>Dara Gaz Khorasani</td><td><h6>Iran (at the border with Turkmenistan)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gy~in</td><td>Sheyh Teymur Khorasani</td><td><h6>Northern Iran</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gy~in</td><td>Torki</td><td><h6>The dialect that was called Torki, Turkish language, or in the Safavid period Kizilbashi, is the same that is called Azerbaijani Turkish in our modern era.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Tin</td><td>Sheyh Teymur Khorasani</td><td><h6>Northern Iran</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>di</td><td>Mansehra Hindko</td><td><h6>Northern Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>di</td><td>Sherpur Hindko</td><td><h6>Northern Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>di</td><td>Singo Di Garhi Hindko</td><td><h6>Northern India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>di</td><td>Central Azad Kashmir Gujari</td><td><h6>Pakistan, India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>di</td><td>Chitral Gujari</td><td><h6>Northern Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>di</td><td>Dir Gujari (and all other Gujari dialects)</td><td><h6>Nothern Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>di*</td><td>Northern Azad Kashmir Gujari</td><td><h6>Pakistan, India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>di*</td><td>Seraiki</td><td><h6>Seraiki (Saraiki) is an Indo-Aryan language of the Lahnda (Western Punjabi) group, spoken in the south-western half of the province of Punjab in Pakistan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>di</td><td>Settled Swat Gujari</td><td><h6>Northern Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>di*</td><td>Transhumant Swat Gujari</td><td><h6>Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>di*</td><td>Balakot Hindko</td><td><h6>Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>di*</td><td>Chitral Gujari</td><td><h6>in the North of Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>di*</td><td>Gilgit Gujari</td><td><h6>Northern Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>di*</td><td>Kaghan Gujari</td><td><h6>Northern Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>di*</td><td>Kunar Gujari</td><td><h6>East of Afganistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>din</td><td>Dang</td><td><h6>Nepal</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>din</td><td>Rana</td><td><h6>Rana language can refer to: The Rana dialect of the Buru language of Indonesia. The Rana Tharu language of India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dini</td><td>Eastern Tamang</td><td><h6>Nepal</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ti Ni</td><td>Thakali</td><td><h6>Thakali is a Sino-Tibetan language of Nepal spoken by the Thakali people, mainly in the Myagdi and Mustang Districts.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ti 5i</td><td>Tamang</td><td><h6>Tamang is a term used to collectively refer to a dialect cluster spoken mainly in Nepal.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tin</td><td>Marphatan Thakali</td><td><h6>Nepal</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>th~a</td><td>Chiru</td><td><h6>in northern India (on the border with Myanmar)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>th~aNi</td><td>Kasong</td><td><h6>Cambodia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>th~anman</td><td>Chalikha</td><td><h6>Burma (Tibet)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>th~ekth~au</td><td>Putian Chinese</td><td><h6>eastern Fujian province, China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>th~oya*</td><td>Suzhou Wu</td><td><h6>Jiangsu Province, China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>diya devta; devta</td><td>Nahali</td><td><h6>Nahali (Nihali) is a name used for two, unrelated languages spoken in the Indian states of Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh: Kalto language, an Indo-Aryan language. Nihali language, a language isolate.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dony~i (doin, do5i)</td><td>Nishing</td><td><h6>Nishi (a.k.a. Nyishi, Nisi, Nishing, Nissi, Nyising, Bangni, Dafla, Daphla, Lel) is a Sino-Tibetan language of the Tani branch spoken in lower Subansiri and East Kameng districts of Arunachal Pradesh and Darrang District of Assam in India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>doni</td><td>Nisi Tagin</td><td><h6>India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>diu</td><td>Aka-Cari or Chari</td><td><h6>Northern Great Andamanese extinct language (Indo-Pasific language group)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>die</td><td>Aka-Kede</td><td><h6>The Kede language, Aka-Kede, is an extinct Great Andamanese language, of the Northern group. It was spoken in the Northern section of Middle Andaman island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dit7; hnub</td><td>Hmoob Dawb</td><td><h6>White Hmong (Hmong Daw) a dialect of the Hmong language spoken in the United States (by Vietnameses)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>deo</td><td>Kohat City Hindko</td><td><h6>North-western Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>deo</td><td>Pakha Golam Hindko</td><td><h6>North-western Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>deo</td><td>Talagang Hindko</td><td><h6>North-western Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>deo</td><td>Wad Pagga Hindko</td><td><h6>North-western Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>de; dio</td><td>Southern Hazara Gujari</td><td><h6>Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dio*</td><td>Southern Hazara Gujari</td><td><h6>Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>de</td><td>Brahui</td><td><h6>Brahui is a Dravidian language spoken by the Brahui people in the central Balochistan region of Pakistan and Afghanistan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>de</td><td>Brahui</td><td><h6>Spoken in Pakistan. Also spoken in Afghanistan, Iran and Turkmenistan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>de*</td><td>Southern Azad Kashmir Gujari</td><td><h6>Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>deh</td><td>Pahari Potwari</td><td><h6>The Indo-Aryan language spoken on the Pothohar Plateau in Northern Punjab, in most of Pakistan-administered Kashmir, and in western areas of Indian-administered Kashmir</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>des</td><td>Pangwali</td><td><h6>the North India, Himalayas.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dEt</td><td>Lue Chieng Hung</td><td><h6>Cheng (also known as Jeng, Chieng) is a Mon–Khmer language of Southern Laos.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dEt</td><td>Lue Muong Yong</td><td><h6>Southern China (near Myanmar border)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dEt</td><td>Tai Nong Khai</td><td><h6>The Northeast Tailand</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dEt</td><td>Tai Chiengmai</td><td><h6>Northern Thailand</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>det</td><td>Tai Lei Ping</td><td><h6>The Southern China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>det</td><td>Tai Lungchow</td><td><h6>The south-west China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>net</td><td>Tai Lungming</td><td><h6>The Southern China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>det</td><td>Tai Ning Ming</td><td><h6>The south-west China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dEt</td><td>Tai Nong Khai</td><td><h6>The Northern Tailand (at the border with Laos)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>det</td><td>Tai Ping Siang</td><td><h6>The Southern China (at the Vietnam border)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dEt</td><td>Tai Western Nung</td><td><h6>The Northern Vietnam (at the China border)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dEt</td><td>White Thai</td><td><h6>Vietnam and Laos</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>de:t</td><td>Lao</td><td><h6>Laos (Tai language) Kam-Tai; Tai-Kadai; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dEhE (dEhu)</td><td>Western Panjabi Shahpur</td><td><h6>Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dEt; lEt</td><td>Tai Dam</td><td><h6>Tai Dam, also known as Black Tai is a Tai language spoken by the Tai Dam in Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, and China (mostly in the Jinping Miao, Yao, and Dai Autonomous County).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>le</td><td>Gelao Qiaoshang</td><td><h6>China (on the border with Vietnam)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>le</td><td>Go</td><td><h6>Kadai; Tai-Kadai; Asia. China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>klei</td><td>Gelao Wanzi</td><td><h6>Gelao is a dialect cluster of Kra languages in the Tai-Kadai language family. It is spoken by the Gelao people in Southern China and Northern Vietnam.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ma.3 klei.5</td><td>Anshun-Gelao</td><td><h6>China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lEt; wan</td><td>Northern Shan</td><td><h6>so-called 'Chinese Shan' is much influenced by the Yunnan-Chinese dialect.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lEt</td><td>Dehong</td><td><h6>Southeastern China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dit</td><td>Tai Wuming</td><td><h6>The Southern China (at the Vietnam border)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dit</td><td>Yay</td><td><h6>Yay, a Northern Tai language in North Vietnam.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>diharo</td><td>Bhadrawahi</td><td><h6>the language of Northern India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dihara</td><td>Bhattiyali</td><td><h6>the language of Northern India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ofatob; gin</td><td>Ruh Abad Khorasani</td><td><h6>Northern Iran</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aftow</td><td>Sorkhei</td><td><h6>Sorkhei is a Western Iranian language. It is spoken in village of Sorkheh in Semnan Province in Northwestern Iran.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>afto</td><td>Dezfuli</td><td><h6>South-Western Iran</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>afto (oftow)</td><td>Meymai</td><td><h6>Iran</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aftab, lmar, nwar</td><td>Pushtu </td><td><h6>(Pashto, Pashtu, Afghani) Eastern Iranian language spoken by the Pashtun in eastern Afganistan and Northern Pakistan. Pashto is an Indoeuropean language (Iranian branch).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aftobah</td><td>Yagnobi</td><td><h6>The native language of Yagnobs, living in Tajikistan (about 3,000 Yagnobi speakers) (Iranian branch)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oftobah</td><td>Yasgulem</td><td><h6>The native language of Yasgulems, living in Tajikistan (Iranian branch)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oftab</td><td>Sarikoli</td><td><h6>the language is a member of the Pamir subgroup of the the Southeastern Iranian languages spoken by Tajiks in China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aftab</td><td>Dari</td><td><h6>Literature language of Western and Eastern Iranians (Perses, Tadjiks and other), spoken from the end of 9th up to the beginning of 16th centuries on the territory of Central Asia, Iran, Afganistan, Azerbajan and the Northern-western part of India. Dari is similar to Tajik and Persian languages.</h6> </td> </tr><tr><td>aftab, suraj, shams</td><td>Urdu</td><td><h6>Indo-European language, that aroused in 13 century. An official language in Pakistan. Urdu and Hindi are cognate languages.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oftob</td><td>Shugnan</td><td><h6>Shugnan is one of the Pamir languages of the Southeastern Iranian language group. Spoken in the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in Tajikistan and Badakhshan Province in Afghanistan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oftob</td><td>Shahmirzadi</td><td><h6>Shahmirzadi belongs to the Northwestern branch of the Iranian languages</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aftEw</td><td>Semnani</td><td><h6>Semnani is one of the local languages of the Semnan Province of Iran.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oftob</td><td>Tajik (Tadjik)</td><td><h6>The official language of Republic of Tajikistan. Tajik is also spoken in Uzbekistan, Tyrkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oftob</td><td>Yaghnobi</td><td><h6>A North-East Iranian language spoken by a minority group in Tajikistan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>efteb</td><td>Gilyak (Nivkh)</td><td><h6>Gilyak or Nivkh is a language spoken in Outer Manchuria, in the basin of the Amgun (a tributary of the Amur), along the lower reaches of the Amur itself, and on the Northern half of Sakhalin.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oftoi</td><td>Tat language (Tat (Muslim)</td><td><h6>Tat (or Tati) language is a Southwestern Iranian language spoken by th Tats in Azerbaijan, Iran and Dagestan in Russia. Its written form is related to Middle Persian Pahlavi. It is also closely related to Judeo-Tat.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oftoi, CiSme</td><td>Judeo Tat (Juhuri)</td><td><h6>Spoken in Dagestan (Russia).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aptap</td><td>Uighur (uyghur) language</td><td><h6>One of two official Languages in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China. Also Spoken in Afghanistan, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan, etc.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>EftEw</td><td>Eastern Farsi</td><td><h6>Afganistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aftEw</td><td>Lasgerdi</td><td><h6>Lasgerdi is one of the local languages of Semnan Province in Northwestern Iran.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oXtov</td><td>Natanzi</td><td><h6>Iran</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Xaftow; xorSid </td><td>Larestani</td><td><h6>Southern Iran</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>7aft3w</td><td>Bakhtiari</td><td><h6>Iran</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>garma; 7aft3w (7aftaw)</td><td>Luri</td><td><h6>Iran</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kot</td><td>Mansi language</td><td><h6>The language of Ugric subgroup of Finno-Ugric group of Ural language family. The language of Mansi people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kec3</td><td>Western Cheremis</td><td><h6>Ural (Russia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kec3</td><td>Tscheremissisch (Cheremis) Kozmodemjansk</td><td><h6>The south Ural (Russia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kec3</td><td>Tscheremissisch Urzum</td><td><h6>The south Ural (Russia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kec3</td><td>Mari (Russia)</td><td><h6>Mari language is spoken by approximately 400,000 people, belongs to the Uralic language family. It is spoken primarily in the Mari Republic (Mari: Marii El, i.e., 'Mari land') of the Russian Federation as well as in the area along the Vyatka river basin and eastwards to the Urals.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>keCy~e</td><td>Meadow Mari</td><td><h6>Mari El Republic, Russian Federation</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xɔ:tal **</td><td>Sosva</td><td><h6>Dialect of Mansi (and Khanty). Sverdlovsk region (Russia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>qatə'l **</td><td>Middle Lozva</td><td><h6>Dialect of Mansi (and Khanty). Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug and Sverdlovsk region.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>qatə'l **</td><td>Lower-Lozva</td><td><h6>Dialect of Mansi (and Khanty). Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug and Sverdlovsk region (Russia).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>qɔtə'l</td><td>Pelymka</td><td><h6>Dialect of Mansi (and Khanty). Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug and Sverdlovsk region.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>qotə'l</td><td>Konda</td><td><h6>Dialect of Mansi (and Khanty). Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug and Sverdlovsk region.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q'ɔtə'l</td><td>Tavda</td><td><h6>Dialect of Mansi (and Khanty). Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug and Sverdlovsk region.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>53lt3n (5oltun)</td><td>Even (Ewen) language</td><td><h6>The Polar Siberia, Russia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>doliCa</td><td>Evenki Poligus Literary</td><td><h6>Central Siberia, Russia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kik</td><td>Khakas language</td><td><h6>Russia, to the West of lake Baikal</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sImalə</td><td>Mari language (?)</td><td><h6>Uralic language spoken in Russia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oka</td><td>Sese Gumuz</td><td><h6>Gumuz family: Gumuz group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oka</td><td>Sai Gumuz</td><td><h6>Gumuz family: Gumuz group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oka</td><td>Gojjam</td><td><h6>Sudan (on the border with Ethiopia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oka</td><td>Disoha</td><td><h6>Sudan (on the border with Ethiopia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oka; wɔ:ka</td><td>Gumuz</td><td><h6>Gumuz; Nilo-Saharan; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oka; o:ka</td><td>Sese</td><td><h6>Sese language, Niger-Congo language of the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wo:ka</td><td>Metemma Gumuz</td><td><h6>Gumuz family: Gumuz group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>woka:</td><td>Gojjam Gumuz</td><td><h6>Gumuz family: Gumuz group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>woka:</td><td>Kokit</td><td><h6>the language in western Ethiopia and eastern Sudan (a variety of Gumuz language).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>akol</td><td>Southeastern Dinka</td><td><h6>South Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>akol (?)</td><td>Agar</td><td><h6>Agar (Akama) is an Outer Joriscian language and the official language of Agamar and the Agamari Banner. Indigenous to the peninsula of Pama, Ephgil and parts of the Lefdic coastline, the language is also spoken today in communities in Azophin and Terophan as well as across the vast expanse of Agamari Serania. (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>akol</td><td>Rek</td><td><h6>Rek people, a subsection of the Dinka people, an ethnic group. Rek language, a standard variety of the Dinka language. South Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>akoloN</td><td>Teso</td><td><h6>Teso (natively Ateso) is an Eastern Nilotic language spoken by the Iteso people of Uganda and Kenya.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>akolong</td><td>Karimojong</td><td><h6>Uganda (Nilotic; Nilo-Saharan; Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>akolong</td><td>Ngakarimojong</td><td><h6>This language is spoken in Uganda.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>koloN</td><td>Bari</td><td><h6>Bari is the Nilotic language of the Karo people, spoken over large areas of Central Equatoria state in South Sudan. (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>koloN</td><td>Kuku</td><td><h6>The Kuku language belongs to the Bari language group, of the Southeastern Nilotic branch of the Nilotic language family of the Southern Sudan and Northern Uganda.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>koloN</td><td>Ngyepu</td><td><h6>the Southern Sudan and Northern Uganda.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>koloN</td><td>Nyanggwara</td><td><h6>the Southern Sudan and Northern Uganda.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>koloN</td><td>Mondari</td><td><h6>Southern Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>koloN</td><td>Nyangatom</td><td><h6>Nyangatom is a Nilo-Saharan language (Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic) spoken in Ethiopia by the Nyangatom people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>koloN</td><td>Turkana</td><td><h6>Turkana is the language of the Turkana people of Kenya. It is spoken in Northwestern Kenya, primarily in Turkana County, which lies west of Lake Turkana.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oxoloN</td><td>Lokoya</td><td><h6>Lokoya is an Eastern Nilotic language spoken by an estimated 12,400 people in South Sudan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aqoloN</td><td>Karamojong</td><td><h6>North-eastern Uganda</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xoloN</td><td>Dongotono</td><td><h6>an Eastern Nilotic language spoken by an estimated 5,000 people in South Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oxgohong</td><td>Liguri</td><td><h6>Southern Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oxgohong</td><td>Logorik</td><td><h6>Northern Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nar, nara</td><td>Mongol</td><td><h6>Mongol branch of Altai language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nara</td><td>Mongghuer (Monquor)</td><td><h6>a Mongolic language of China's Qinghai-Gansu provinces.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nara</td><td>Minhe Mangghuer</td><td><h6>China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nara</td><td>Monguor</td><td><h6>Monguor language belongs to the Mongolic branch of Altaic languages, it is divided into Huzhu and Minhe two dialect</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nara</td><td>Monguor-Tu</td><td><h6>Monguor-Tu (or Tu) is a Mongolic language spoken by the Monguors (about 49,000 people), an ethnic group living mainly in Qinghai and Gansu Provinces in the Northwest of China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nara*</td><td>Buriat (Russia)</td><td><h6>Trancebaikalia (Russia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nara(n)</td><td>Ordos</td><td><h6>Ordos is a Mongolic language spoken by the Ordos, a Mongol tribe that inhabits inner Mongolia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nara(n)</td><td>Buryat </td><td><h6>the language of Buryats, living in Buryat autonomous republic of Russian Federation, in North part of Mongolia and on Northwest part of China. Mongolian branch of Altai language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nara</td><td>Huzhu Mongghul</td><td><h6>China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>naran</td><td>Middle Mongol language</td><td><h6>(used in 13-15th centuries) Mongol branch of Altai language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>naran</td><td>Dongxiang</td><td><h6>The Mongolian language spoken in Northwestern China by about 250,000 people. The Dongxiang, one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized in China, are closely related to the Mongolians.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>naran</td><td>Moghol</td><td><h6>(or Mogholi) - language of moghols, belongs to the Mongol family of languages. Spoken in Afganistan in two villages near Gerat - Kundur and Kerez-e-Mulla. There are about 200 people speaking Moghol.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>naran</td><td>Yugur</td><td><h6>(or Eastern Yugur) is a Mongolic language spoken in China (Gansu Province) by around 3,000 people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nar(an)</td><td>Khalkh</td><td><h6>(the dialect of Mongolian that is the official language of Mongolia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>narn</td><td>Kalmyk</td><td><h6>Mongolic; Altaic; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>narang</td><td>Bonan</td><td><h6>The Mongolic language of the Bonan ethnic group of China. It is spoken by about 8,000 people in Gansu and Qinghai provinces in Northwestern China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nar, nare</td><td>Daur</td><td><h6>the language of Daurs (spoken in the Inner Mongolia - autonomous district of China).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nar</td><td>Bahnar (Plei Bong-Mang Yang)</td><td><h6>Bahnaric; Austro-Asiatic; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nar</td><td>Chil</td><td><h6>Southern Vietnam</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nar</td><td>Dagur</td><td><h6>Mongolic; Altaic; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nar</td><td>Eastern Mnong</td><td><h6>Vietnam and Cambodia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nar</td><td>Gar</td><td><h6>dialect name of Eastern Mnong (Vietnam and Cambodia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nar; nye (?)</td><td>Kalaqin</td><td><h6>Northern-eastern China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nar</td><td>Kuan</td><td><h6>Kuan is a Tai language of Laos.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nar</td><td>Preh (Mnong, Central)</td><td><h6>(alt names: Bunor; Biat) Cambodia, Vietnam</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nar</td><td>Proto-Mnong</td><td><h6>The Mnong language (also known as Pnong or Bunong) belongs to the Mon-Khmer language family. It is spoken by the different groups of Mnong in Vietnam and a Mnong group in Cambodia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nar</td><td>Proto-South-Bahnaric</td><td><h6>Proto South Bahnaric: a reconstruction of a Mon-Khmer language of Indo-China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nar</td><td>Rolom</td><td><h6>dialect name of Eastern Mnong (Vietnam and Cambodia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nar</td><td>Stieng</td><td><h6>the language of the Stieng people of Southern Vietnam</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>naru</td><td>Khamnigan Mongol</td><td><h6>at Northern China, near Mongolian border</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>natu</td><td>Baoan</td><td><h6>Baoan language belongs to the Mongolic branch of Altaic languages. Spoken in Gansu province of Northwest China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>naray</td><td>Kabutra</td><td><h6>Southern Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>namCh~oNwa</td><td>Dungmali</td><td><h6>India, Bihar state</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nan35**</td><td>Wunai (Punu, Ngnai)</td><td><h6>western Hunan province, China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nankhan</td><td>Magar</td><td><h6>This language is spoken in the East and the South of Pokhara, Nepal.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>naNma</td><td>Gelanghe Akha</td><td><h6>Southern China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hnub [nue]</td><td>Hmong</td><td><h6>The common name for a group of dialects of the West Hmongic branch of the Hmong-Mien/Miao-Yao language family, spoken by the Hmong people of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Northern Vietnam, Thailand, and Laos. The total number of speakers worldwide has been estimated to be more than 4 millions.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>noa</td><td>Mon</td><td><h6>Spoken in the Union of Myanmar (Burma) and Thailand. Monic; Austro-Asiatic; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>amra</td><td>Abkhaz</td><td><h6>North-West Caucasus</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>a-mer</td><td>Bzyb</td><td><h6>North-West Caucasus</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mara</td><td>Abaza</td><td><h6>Northwest group of Caucasus languages. Spoken mainly in Karachay-Chercessia (Russian Federation) and in Turkey.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nyui</td><td>Akwa</td><td><h6>Kainji; Niger-Congo; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nij; nyi ma (ku-mud tfyra; mchod-ldan; mun-sel; mgon-po; hod-ldan)</td><td>Tibetan</td><td><h6>Tibetan is a language spoken by approximately 6 million people across the Tibetan Plateau. It belongs to the Tibeto-Burman group of the Sino-Tibetan (or Sino-Thai) family. Spoken Tibetan includes dozens of regional dialects and sub-dialects which, in many cases, are not mutually intelligible. There are two variants of the language: Tibetan Dingri и Tibetan Drokpa.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nyima</td><td>Sherpa</td><td><h6>Bodic; Sino-Tibetan; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nisa</td><td>Hmar</td><td><h6>a Tibeto-Burman language (Kukish branch) spoken mainly in India, in the regions of Manipur, Mizoram and Assam, by approximately 83,000 people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>en-dama </td><td>The Maasai (Maa) language</td><td><h6>Kenya, Tanzania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>daaran</td><td>Kushi</td><td><h6>Afroasiatic Chadic, Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>varaʁ</td><td>Alyk</td><td><h6>the North Caucasian language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ragh</td><td>Budukh</td><td><h6>(or Budugh) is a Samur language of the Northeast Caucasian language family spoken in parts of the Quba Rayon of Azerbaijan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ragh; raqini; (rar -?)</td><td>Lezgian language</td><td><h6>(or Lezgi) Spoken in the Southeastern part of Dagestan and the North of Azerbaijan (Lezgic; Nakh-Daghestanian; Eurasia, Asia).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rar (ragh)</td><td>Aghul</td><td><h6>Lezgian group of Dagestan branch of Ibero-Caucasian language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>raɹ</td><td>Fit'e</td><td><h6>Daghestan, Russia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>raɹ</td><td>Gequn</td><td><h6>Gequn (Burkikhan) is a dialect of the Aghul (Agul) language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>raɹ</td><td>Keren</td><td><h6>Daghestan, Russia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>raɹ</td><td>Koshan (Qushan)</td><td><h6>Daghestan, Russia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>raɹ</td><td>Gune</td><td><h6>The Gunu language is a Southern Bantoid language of Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ra</td><td>Old Egyptian</td><td><h6>Old Egyptian is the stage of the Egyptian language spoken from 2600 BC to 2000 BC.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ra</td><td>Obolo</td><td><h6>at the South of Nigeria, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ra</td><td>Mundu</td><td><h6>Mundu (Mondo) is a Ubangian language of South Sudan, with a few thousand speakers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ra</td><td>Rarotongan</td><td><h6>The official language of the Cook Islands, also spoken in French Polynesia and New Zealand by a total of about 42,000 people. It is a Polynesian language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ra</td><td>Mangarevan language</td><td> <h6>Polynesian language, spoken on Mangareva island and nearby islands of Tuamotu archipelago. Mangarevan language is akin to Tahitian. The Mangarevan people inhabited Tuamotu islands from Marquesas islands in 13th century.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ra (arch.); mahana</td><td>Tahitien language </td><td><h6>(Tahitian) language is one of the polynesian languages. Spoken at i. Tahiti and other neighboring islands. It is closely related to Hawaiian, Rarotongan and Maori.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ra</td><td>Kaian</td><td><h6>Kaian (Kayan) is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ra</td><td>Kapingamarangi</td><td><h6>Kapingamarangi is a Polynesian language spoken in the Federated States of Micronesia. It had 3,000 native speakers in 1995. The language is closely related to the Nukuoro language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ra*</td><td>Skou</td><td><h6>The Sko or Skou languages are a small language family spoken by about 7000 people, mainly along the coast of Sandaun Province in Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ra*</td><td>Tumawo</td><td><h6>Papuan language of Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ra</td><td>Aniwa</td><td><h6>Polinesian language (Oceanic; Austronesian; Australia & Oceania)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ra</td><td>Anuta</td><td><h6>Solomon Islands</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ra</td><td>Futuna</td><td><h6>Oceanic; Austronesian; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ra</td><td>Gamei</td><td><h6>Mbore (Borei, Mborei) a.k.a. Gamei (Gamai) is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ra</td><td>Kaingang</td><td><h6>The Kaingang language is a Ge language spoken by the Kaingang people of Southern Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ra (ra'a)</td><td>Rapa Nui</td><td><h6>The Rapa Nui language (also Rapanui) is an Eastern Polynesian language spoken by the Rapanui, the inhabitants of Easter Island.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ra</td><td>Tuamotuan</td><td><h6>Tuamotuan or Paumotu is a Polynesian language spoken by 4,000 people in the Tuamotu archipelago, with an additional 2,000 speakers in Tahiti.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rae</td><td>Lewo Mate</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rae</td><td>Lewo Nul</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ran</td><td>Segemuk</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ren</td><td>Ron Daffo Butura</td><td><h6>Plateau State, Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ret</td><td>Middle Chinese</td><td><h6>Middle China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ret3k</td><td>Wutun</td><td><h6>The Wutun language is a Chinese-Tibetan-Mongolian creolized language (Central China)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ret</td><td>Themne</td><td><h6>Temne (also Themne, Timne) is a language of the Mel branch of the Niger-Congo language family, spoken in Sierra Leone by about 2 million first-language speakers.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>reyoso</td><td>Kohumono </td><td><h6>Cross River; Niger-Congo; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ri (li)</td><td>Tagbu</td><td><h6>Tagbo (Tagbu, Tagba) is a Ubangian language of Democratic Republic of the Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ri</td><td>Gbugyar</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ri</td><td>Keja</td><td><h6>Central Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ri</td><td>Mada</td><td><h6>Mada is a regionally important Plateau language of Nigeria, with many dialects.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ri</td><td>Ncekpe</td><td><h6>Central Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ri</td><td>Nco</td><td><h6>Central Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ri</td><td>Ndeywan</td><td><h6>Central Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ri</td><td>Ndogo</td><td><h6>Ndogo is a Ubangian language, one of the nine major languages of South Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ri</td><td>Ningye</td><td><h6>Ningye is a Plateau language of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ri</td><td>Njigban</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ri</td><td>Rija</td><td><h6>Central Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ri</td><td>Rinze</td><td><h6>Central Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pw~ari</td><td>Mbula</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>owara; wara</td><td>Oruma</td><td><h6>Oruma is one of three small Inland Ijaw languages of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ri3a</td><td>Tharaka</td><td><h6>a Bantu language of Kenya.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ro</td><td>Gabu</td><td><h6>Central African republic</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>roro</td><td>Banda</td><td><h6>Banda is a family of Ubangian languages spoken by the Banda people of Central Africa.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oxgohon</td><td>Logorik</td><td><h6>Eastern Sudanic language family: Daju group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xon</td><td>Caning</td><td><h6>Eastern Sudanic language family: Daju group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xoN</td><td>Shatt</td><td><h6>The Shatt language is an Eastern Sudanic language of the Daju family spoken in the Shatt Hills (part of the Nuba Mountains) southwest of Kaduqli in South Kurdufan province in Southern Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rone</td><td>Sila</td><td><h6>Eastern Sudanic language family: Daju group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rone</td><td>Eref</td><td><h6>Eastern Sudanic language family: Daju group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rone</td><td>Nyalgulgule</td><td><h6>Eastern Sudanic language family: Daju group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ro:ne</td><td>Lagawa</td><td><h6>(Daju Lagawa) - The Lagowa dialect of South Kordofan spoken in Dar el Kabira, Jebel Miheila, Lagawa, Nyukri, Silecce, Tamanyik, and Warina area villages (south-western Sudan)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>orone</td><td>Nyala</td><td><h6>Eastern Sudanic language family: Daju group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ru</td><td>Lufu</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ru</td><td>Waka</td><td><h6>Waka is an Adamawa language of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rui</td><td>Bon Gula</td><td><h6>Bon Gula, or Bon, is an Adamawa language of Chad.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rao</td><td>Awar </td><td><h6>Awar is a Ramu language spoken in three villages in Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rau</td><td>Sera</td><td><h6>Sera (Ssia) is an Austronesian language of coastal Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rau</td><td>Sissano (Sisano)</td><td><h6>Sissano is an Austronesian language spoken by at most a few hundred people around Sissano in Aitape District, Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sara; atan</td><td>Ngalum</td><td><h6>Ngalum is the most populous of the Ok languages of West Papua and Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sare</td><td>Kaipi</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea (south seashore).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sare</td><td>Toaripi</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea (south seashore).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sare</td><td>Sepoe</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sare</td><td>Uaripi</td><td><h6>Tairuma, also known as Uaripi after its location, is a Trans-New Guinea language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sera (*)</td><td>Siagha-yen</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suwara (*)</td><td>Kakabi</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ran-san</td><td>Atong </td><td><h6>Atong (A'tong) is a Sino-Tibetian language spoken in the South Garo Hills and West Khasi Hills districts of Meghalaya state in Northern India, Southern Kamrup district in Assam and adjacent areas in Bangladesh.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>raN saN</td><td>Rabha</td><td><h6>Rabha is a Sino-Tibetan language of India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>raN han</td><td>Naga Wancho</td><td><h6>Northeastern India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>raNhan</td><td>Wancho</td><td><h6>Wancho is a Konyak language of North-eastern India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>raNSal</td><td>Yogli</td><td><h6>India, Myanmar</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ravi- m.</td><td>Old Indian</td><td><h6>India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ravi; sooryu</td><td>GSB Mangalore</td><td><h6>in the city of the Indian state of Karnataka</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>arew; arev</td><td>Armenian</td><td><h6>Armenia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>arev</td><td>Ancient Armenian</td><td><h6>In ancient Armenian language basic words aroused presumably 2000-2500 years ago when the forming of armenian ethnos had complited</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>na'</td><td>Kirati</td><td><h6>(or Kirat, or Kirant), is spoken in Nepal by ethnic groups like Limbu, who were the earliest inhabitants of Nepal. It is a Tibeto-Burman language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nam</td><td>Dumi</td><td><h6>Spoken in the Khotang District, Nepal. (Mahakiranti; Sino-Tibetan; Asia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nam</td><td>Kulung</td><td><h6>Spoken in Nepal and India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nam</td><td>Bahing</td><td><h6>Bahing (also known as Rumdali) is a language spoken in the Okhaldhunga district of Nepal.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nam</td><td>Dumi</td><td><h6>Nepal</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nam</td><td>Drung (Derung)</td><td><h6>Derung, Dulong or Trung is a Tibeto-Burman language of the Derung people of China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nam</td><td>China Nung</td><td><h6>China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nam</td><td>Mewa Khola Limbu</td><td><h6>Nepal.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nam; namhak </td><td>Limbu</td><td><h6>Spoken in Nepal. Also spoken in the State of West Bengal, India and Bhutan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nam</td><td>Lohorung</td><td><h6>Nepal</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nam</td><td>Nachering</td><td><h6>Nachhiring is a Kirati language spoken mostly in the eastern hills of Nepal. It merges into Kulung in the North and Sampang in the south. The name can also be spelled Nachering, Nachhereng, Nacchhering, Nasring.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nam</td><td>Puma</td><td><h6>Puma is a Kiranti language in Sagarmatha Zone, Nepal.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nam</td><td>Yakha</td><td><h6>Yakkha (also erroneously spelled as Yakha) is a language spoken in parts of Nepal, Darjeeling district and Sikkim.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nam</td><td>Bantawa</td><td><h6>Nepal</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nam</td><td>Camling</td><td><h6>Nepal</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nam</td><td>Chhintange</td><td><h6>western Nepal</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nam</td><td>Yorno-So</td><td><h6>an Eastern Dogon language (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nam</td><td>Fe'fe'</td><td><h6>Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nam</td><td>Batie</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nam</td><td>tombo so</td><td><h6>one of the Dogon languages (Mali)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nam</td><td>Bamoun</td><td><h6>(Mum) Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nam</td><td>Ghomala</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5am</td><td>Balafi</td><td><h6>Other names for the Fe'fe' language: (Balafi, Bafang, Bamileke-Fe'fe', Bandja-Babountou, Bangan, Ca', Fa', Fe'efe'e, Feefee, Fefe, Fondanti, Fondjomekwet, Fotouni, La'fi, Mkwet, Nee, Ngam, Njee-Poantu, Nka', Ntii, Nufi, Tungi') Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nam</td><td>Bangam</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>njam</td><td>Medumba</td><td><h6>a Grassfields language of Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nama</td><td>Phana</td><td><h6>Phana’ (also called Bana or Pana) is a Loloish language of Laos and China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nami</td><td>Chug</td><td><h6>Butan (Himalayas)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nami</td><td>Lish</td><td><h6>India, the Assam state (Himalayas)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>n3m</td><td>Rawang</td><td><h6>Rawang, also known as Krangku, Kiutze (Qiuze), and Ch’opa, is a Sino-Tibetan language of India and Burma.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>namCo wa</td><td>Waling</td><td><h6>Waling is an extinct Kiranti language of Nepal.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nima</td><td>Spiti Bhoti</td><td><h6>the sino-tibetian language of the people on the North India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nima</td><td>Drokgye Kham</td><td><h6>Nepal</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Nima</td><td>Lhomi</td><td><h6>Nepal</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nyihma</td><td>Helambu Sherpa</td><td><h6>Nepal</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nyi ma</td><td>bod skad (the Tibetan language)</td><td><h6>Other names for the Bod Skad language: Anshuenkuan Nyarong, Batang, Bhokha, Bod, Byokha, Central Tibetan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nyma</td><td>Tsetang</td><td><h6>Zetang, also Zedang or Tsethang, is the fourth largest city in Tibet and is located in the Yarlung Valley, 183 km southeast of Lhasa in Nedong District of Shannan, Tibet Autonomous Region of China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Nyi ma</td><td>Sherpa</td><td><h6>Nepal</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5i ma</td><td>Jirel</td><td><h6>Jirel is a Southern Tibetic language of Nepal.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5ima</td><td>Western Balti</td><td><h6>Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5ima</td><td>Eastern Balti</td><td><h6>Balti is a Tibetic language spoken in the Baltistan division of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5ima</td><td>Kagate</td><td><h6>Nepal</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5ima</td><td>Kyirong</td><td><h6>Nepal</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5ima</td><td>Lowa</td><td><h6>Nepal</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5ima</td><td>Purik</td><td><h6>The Purgi language (alternative spellings: Purki, Purig and Burig) is spoken by the Purikpa, a group of Tibetan Muslims, with a slight mixture with Dardic. The Purikpa live south of the Balti in Ladakh. Most of them live in Ladakh and Baltistan, especially in Kargil although significant numbers reside in Leh. Many Puriks are also present in China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5i ma</td><td>Tibetan Written</td><td><h6> </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nimo</td><td>Kargil Balti</td><td><h6>Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nimo</td><td>Khapalu Balti</td><td><h6>Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nimo</td><td>Kharmang Balti</td><td><h6>Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nimo</td><td>Rondu Balti</td><td><h6>Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nimo</td><td>Skardu Balti</td><td><h6>Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5imo</td><td>Biyue (Piyo)</td><td><h6>China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5imo</td><td>Caiyuan Biyo</td><td><h6>Southern China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5i mo</td><td>Kaduo</td><td><h6>Northern Laos</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>noma</td><td>Dazhai Hani</td><td><h6>south-eastern China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nom</td><td>Jerung</td><td><h6>Jerung is a moribund Kiranti language spoken in Nepal.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>noNmit</td><td>Naga Khoibu</td><td><h6>an endangered Tibeto-Burman language spoken by the Khoibu tribe.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>noron</td><td>Buriat Mongolia</td><td><h6>a variety of Mongolian language spoken by Buryats.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>numit</td><td>Naga Maring</td><td><h6>Northeastern India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>numo</td><td>Mojiang Hani</td><td><h6>The South of China and Indochina</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>numo</td><td>Shuigui Honi</td><td><h6>spoken in Yunnan, China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nu*No</td><td>Shigar Balti</td><td><h6>Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5ime</td><td>Naxi</td><td><h6>Naxi (also known as Nakhi, Nasi, Lomi, Moso, Mo-su), is a Sino-Tibetan language or group of languages spoken by some 310,000 people most of whom live in or around Lijiang City Yulong Naxi Autonomous County of the province of Yunnan, China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5im3</td><td>Tibetan Central</td><td><h6>Central Tibetan, also known as Dbus is the most widely spoken Tibetic language and the basis of Standard Tibetan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5i m3</td><td>Tibetan Lhasa</td><td><h6>Lhasa Tibetan is spoken by approximately 150,000 exile speakers who have moved from modern-day Tibet to India and other countries.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>53mi</td><td>Zhaba</td><td><h6>spoken by about 8,000 people in Daofu County and Yajiang County, China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nimi</td><td>Kham</td><td><h6>(also Magar Pang) Nepal.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nimi</td><td>Takale Kham</td><td><h6>Nepal</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nini</td><td>Sherdukpen</td><td><h6>Sherdukpen is a small language of India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nimi</td><td>Taka Kham</td><td><h6>Taka dialect (a Tibeto-Burman language of Nepal).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nimi7</td><td>Sartang</td><td><h6>Sartang is a small language of India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5im</td><td>Dzongkha</td><td><h6>Official language of the Kingdom of Bhutan. Also spoken in India and Nepal.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>7njam</td><td>Bujhyal</td><td><h6>Nepal</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iN</td><td>Kusunda</td><td><h6>Kusunda (Kusanda) is a language isolate spoken by a handful of people in western and central Nepal.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>medoNmoN</td><td>Bangni Nyishi</td><td><h6>Nepal</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ɲiwaŋ</td><td>Rgyalthan Tibetan</td><td><h6>Sino-Tibetan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>simigi</td><td>Hurrian</td><td><h6>Hurrian belonged to the Hurro-Urartian language family which had only 2 languages in it - Hurrian and Urartian, both of which were spoken in southern (Mediterranean) area of Turkey.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aone</td><td>Southern Pa-Hug</td><td><h6>China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ne</td><td>Qiandong</td><td><h6>China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nay</td><td>Toro So Dogon</td><td><h6>Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nay</td><td>Dogon</td><td><h6>Mali (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nay:niy</td><td>Gokana</td><td><h6>Cross River; Niger-Congo; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nij (nay); zabwe:</td><td>Burmese</td><td><h6>The national language of Burma where it is spoken by 32 million people as a first language. It uses the Burmese script, derived from the Mon script and ultimately from the Brahmi script. Burmese belongs to the Tibeto-Burman group, which is part of the Sino-Tibetan family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nh~i*</td><td>Byansi</td><td><h6>India, Himalayas, the Uttarakhan province</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nh~e</td><td>Xiangxi Hmong</td><td><h6>south-central China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nh~E</td><td>Yanghao Hmong</td><td><h6>China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nh~E</td><td>Hmu</td><td><h6>The Hmu language, also known as Qiandong Miao, Central Miao, East Hmongic, or Black Miao, is a dialect cluster of Hmongic languages of China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>n<sup>h</sup>εi**</td><td>Qiandong</td><td><h6>Southeast Asia (China).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Ne7</td><td>Mal</td><td><h6>Laos</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ni-ni:</td><td>Perge Tegu</td><td><h6>Perge Tegu ('Pergue language') is an Eastern Dogon langauge, belonging to the Jamsay dialect and is spoken in Pergue village, which is on a rocky shelf near Beni.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ni-ni</td><td>Gourou</td><td><h6>The Eastern Dogon language (Africa), belonging to the Jamsay dialect and is spoken in several villages mostly south of Koro (a Fijian island).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nini</td><td>Jamsay</td><td><h6>an Eastern Dogon langauge</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ni</td><td>Bira Bip</td><td><h6>on the East of the Democratic Republic of Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ni</td><td>Dogon Jamsay</td><td><h6>Mali (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ni</td><td>Bijiang</td><td><h6>(the (Northern) dialect of Bai language) China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ni</td><td>Mizo</td><td><h6>Mizo is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken mainly in India (in Mizoram, a Northeast Indian state), but also in Myanmar and Bangladesh, by about 700,000 people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ni</td><td>Chin Siyin</td><td><h6>western Myanmar</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ni</td><td>Bijiang</td><td><h6>The Sino-Tibetan family: Baic group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ni</td><td>Rongpo</td><td><h6>Rongpo (Rangpo) is a West Himalayish language spoken in India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nisa</td><td>Chin Thado</td><td><h6>western Myanmar</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ni</td><td>Chin Zyphe</td><td><h6>western Myanmar</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ni</td><td>Chin Haka</td><td><h6>western Myanmar</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ni</td><td>Mru</td><td><h6>North-Eastern India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ni</td><td>Old Tangut</td><td><h6>Tangut is an ancient Northeastern Tibeto-Burman language once spoken in the Western Xia, also known as the Tangut Empire.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ni</td><td>Lushai</td><td><h6>in the Northern-eastern part of India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ni</td><td>Rang Pas</td><td><h6>Bodic; Sino-Tibetan; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ni</td><td>Darmiya</td><td><h6>Darmiya (Darma) is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in the Indian state of Uttarakhand.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ni</td><td>Naga Tarao</td><td><h6>Northeastern India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ni</td><td>Mru</td><td><h6>Northeastern India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ni</td><td>Bumthangkha </td><td><h6>Butan (Asia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ni</td><td>Kom India</td><td><h6>Northern India (the Manipur state)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ni</td><td>Chaudangsi</td><td><h6>India, Himalayas</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ni</td><td>Koireng</td><td><h6>India, the Manipur state (Northern India)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ni</td><td>Chothe</td><td><h6>Northeastern India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5i</td><td>Galo</td><td><h6>Northern India (the Arunachal Pradesh state)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Ni7</td><td>Damangnuo Wa</td><td><h6>south-western China, near the border with India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ani</td><td>Naga Yimchungru</td><td><h6>Northeastern India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nici</td><td>Bunan</td><td><h6>at the Southern India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Nith~e</td><td>Yongan Chinese</td><td><h6>The south-west China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>niba*r</td><td>Dolakha Newar</td><td><h6>Nepal</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nibh3</td><td>Khwopa Newar</td><td><h6>Nepal</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nera</td><td>Ravula</td><td><h6>Ravula, known locally as Yerava or Adiyan, is a Dravidian language of Karnataka and Kerala (India)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nitau</td><td>Dongshan Biao Mon</td><td><h6>China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ni tao</td><td>Chinese Fuzhou dialect</td><td><h6> </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nik-tau</td><td>Ming-deng-ngu </td><td><h6>(Min Dong Chinese, Eastern Min) (The South of China, Vietman). The standart form of Min Dong Chinese is a Fuzhou subdialect. Fuzhou is a center of the Min Dong Chinese dialect spreading.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nik tau</td><td>Fuzhou</td><td><h6>China, at the seaside of the Taiwan channel</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ngit-teu</td><td>Hakka </td><td><h6>also rendered Kejia, is one of the major languages within the Sinitic branch of Sino-Tibetan and it is spoken natively by the Hakka people in Southern China, Taiwan and Hong Kong.</h6> </td> </tr><tr><td>gnit7; jong2</td><td>Hagfa Pinyim</td><td><h6>Hagfa Pinyim (literally 'Hakka Pinyin') is a system of romanization used to transcribe Chinese characters as used in Hakka</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nit teu </td><td>Gan</td><td><h6>Gan is a group of Chinese varieties spoken as the native language by many people in the Jiangxi province of China, as well as significant populations in surrounding regions such as Hunan, Hubei, Anhui, and Fujian.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nit</td><td>Early Zhou Chinese</td><td><h6>The Sino-Tibetan family: China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nit</td><td>Classical Chinise</td><td><h6>The Sino-Tibetan family: China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nit</td><td>Late Middle Chinese</td><td><h6>The Sino-Tibetan family: China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nij</td><td>Burmese</td><td><h6>is the official language of Myanmar. A member of the Burmese-Lolo branch of the the Sino-Tibetan language family spoken by about 21 million people in Burma (Myanmar).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jit-thau</td><td>Min Nan; Southern Min</td><td><h6>(Ban-lam-guu) The China branch of the the Sino-Tibetan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jit-thau</td><td>Amoy (Zhangzhou, Tainan)</td><td><h6>Chinese; Sino-Tibetan; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lit-thau</td><td>Amoy (Quanzhou, Taipei)</td><td><h6>Chinese; Sino-Tibetan; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yat tau (taiyeung)</td><td>Cantonese</td><td><h6>(or Standard Cantonese), is a variant of Cantonese (Yue) Chinese. It is commonly spoken in Hong Kong, Guangzhou and Macau, and by many overseas Chinese. There are about 71 million speakers.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tshav</td><td>Hmong Daw</td><td><h6>(or Mong) is a dialect continuum of the West Hmongic branch of the Hmongic languages South China, North Vietman, Laos, Tailand, Myanmar (11 million people)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tsha; hwan</td><td>Hlai (Baoding)</td><td><h6>Southern Hainan, China (Ha dialect; isolated branch). Hlai; Tai-Kadai; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>istanus (astanu)</td><td>(Ancient) Hittite</td><td><h6>The dead language of the Indo-Europian language family. The Hittites entered Anatolia some time before 2000 BC. While their earlier location is disputed, there has been strong evidence for more than a century that the home of the Indo-Europeans in the fourth and third millennia was in what is now Southern Russia and the Ukraine.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nai</td><td>Zhenfeng Hmong</td><td><h6>South-East China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nai</td><td>Zaomin</td><td><h6>China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nai</td><td>Daping Mien</td><td><h6>south-western China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nai</td><td>Maibi</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea (!)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nai mik</td><td>Naga Liangmai</td><td><h6>Northeastern India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nai mik</td><td>Naga Zeme</td><td><h6>Kuki-Chin; Sino-Tibetan; Asia. (Northeastern India)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Nai sa Ni</td><td>Plang</td><td><h6>Shan state, Burma/Myanmar (Asia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>NaiNi7</td><td>Kemie</td><td><h6>China (at the border with Laos)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Naj pxi</td><td>Lamet</td><td><h6>Lamet is a Mon-Khmer language of Laos.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Naj pxi</td><td>Lampanglamet</td><td><h6>Thailand</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Najpxi</td><td>Wiang Pa Pao Lua</td><td><h6>Southern Chiang Rai Province, Thailand</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>noi</td><td>Chiangrai Mien</td><td><h6>Chiangrai Province, Thailand</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>noi</td><td>Dapinggjiang Mien</td><td><h6>one of the languages spoken in Southern China, Northern Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>noi</td><td>Taipan Mien</td><td><h6>south-eastern Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>noi</td><td> Haininh Mien</td><td><h6>Northern Vietnam</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>noi</td><td>Dapingjiang Mien</td><td><h6>south-western China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>noi</td><td>Taipan Mien</td><td><h6>The North part of Vietnam (near China border)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>no</td><td>Chenhu She</td><td><h6>south-eastern China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>no</td><td>Lakher Mara</td><td><h6>Northern India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>no</td><td>Tlongsai</td><td><h6>(or Mara Chin) the Sino-Tibetan language (India ?)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>no (nt~oN)</td><td>Longhua Bunu</td><td><h6>the South-East of the China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nt~oN</td><td>Liuxiang Bunu</td><td><h6>the Southern China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>noko</td><td>She </td><td><h6>The She language is an endangered Hmong-Mien language spoken by the She people (China).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nton; no</td><td>Longhua Bunu</td><td><h6>(a.k.a. Liuxiang Bunu) southeastern China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>no-dou</td><td>Boluo (Luxi) Tujia</td><td><h6>Boluo Tujia is a Tibeto-Burman language, spoken in south-central China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>n mo</td><td>Xiandao</td><td><h6>a dialect of Achang language from Yingjiang County, Yunnan, China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nh~o</td><td>Hmong (Hmoob)</td><td><h6>Hmong spoken in China, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, USA, and French Guiana.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>no</td><td>Chuanqiandian</td><td><h6>the language in the Chinese provinces of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangxi</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nu</td><td>Hmong Daw</td><td><h6>China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nu</td><td>Hmong Njua</td><td><h6>China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nh~i*</td><td>Byangsi</td><td><h6>Byangsi is a West Himalayish language of India and Nepal.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nh~ima</td><td>Kaike</td><td><h6>Magar Kaike is a Sino-Tibetan language of Nepal</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nh~e (ne)</td><td>Xiangxi</td><td><h6>The Xong language, also known as Xiangxi Miao, Eastern Miao, Meo, Red Miao, and North Hmongic, is a dialect cluster of Hmongic languages in South China and North Vietnam</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nh~E</td><td>Hmu</td><td><h6>a dialect cluster of Hmongic languages of China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nh~e</td><td>Jiwei Hmong</td><td><h6>China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nh~e</td><td>Layiping Hmong</td><td><h6>Southern China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nh~e</td><td>Western Xiangxi Hmong</td><td><h6>South-central China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nh~E</td><td>Yanghao Hmong</td><td><h6>China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ne</td><td>Pa-hng</td><td><h6>Pa-Hng (also spelled Pa-Hung) is a divergent Hmongic (Miao) language spoken in Guizhou, Guangxi, and Hunan in Southern China as well as Northern Vietnam.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ne</td><td>Yangon Burmese</td><td><h6>Burma (Myanmar)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ne'ra</td><td>Kodagu</td><td><h6>Dravidian language, India (*).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Ne7</td><td>Guanshuang Wa</td><td><h6>The Southern China, on the border with Myanmar</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>n3y</td><td>Kabui Rongmei</td><td><h6>at Nothern-Eastern India (the Nagaland state)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nNe; n3e</td><td>Nhaheun</td><td><h6>Nyaheun is a Mon–Khmer language of the Bahnaric branch spoken in Southern Laos.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>53ma</td><td>Maqu Tibetan</td><td><h6>Central area of China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ponon; nangu</td><td>Bunu (Punu)</td><td><h6>Dialect continium in China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hano</td><td>Xiaozhai Younuo</td><td><h6>China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hano</td><td>Huangluo Younuo</td><td><h6>Guangxi, China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nanne</td><td>Hm-Nai</td><td><h6>China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>na.6 lit.9</td><td>Biao (Kang Bau, Kang Beu)</td><td><h6>China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nach~e</td><td>Naga Chokri</td><td><h6>Chokri, or Eastern Angami, is one of three languages spoken by the Chakhesang Naga of Phek district, Nagaland state, India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ndy$y</td><td>Dafang</td><td><h6>Southern China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ngam (Nam)</td><td>Tshangla</td><td><h6>Bodic; Sino-Tibetan; southern China (near the Indian border)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nniaN</td><td>Kuy</td><td><h6>Soui, Kuay, or Kuy, language of Northeastern Thailand, Northern Cambodia, and parts of Southern Laos.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nepsuN</td><td>Thulung</td><td><h6>Thulung is a Kiranti language spoken in parts of Nepal and Sikkim.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ne; thura</td><td>Burmeza</td><td><h6>Birma (*).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>53</td><td>Naga Sangtam</td><td><h6>Northeastern India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>53o</td><td>Jino</td><td><h6>China (Yunnan province, China)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5ai</td><td>Wanleng Wa</td><td><h6>The south of China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5am</td><td>Chepang</td><td><h6>Nepal</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5i</td><td>Ladakhi</td><td><h6>Northern India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5i3</td><td>Northern Baima</td><td><h6>Baima is a language spoken by 10,000 Baima people, of Tibetan nationality, in North central Sichuan Province, and Gansu Province, China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5ia</td><td>Nusu</td><td><h6>Nusu is a Loloish language spoken by the Nu people of China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5iE; 5ima</td><td>Southern Baima</td><td><h6>China </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5iE</td><td>Wujiao Baima</td><td><h6>Baima is a language spoken by 10,000 Baima people, of Tibetan nationality, in North central Sichuan Province, and Gansu Province, China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5itio</td><td>Xiang (Hsiang)</td><td><h6>Chinese language that is spoken in Hunan province.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5iwaN</td><td>Rgyalthang</td><td><h6>Eastern Tibet</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5iwo</td><td>Mpi</td><td><h6>Mpi is a Loloish language of Northern Thailand.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5y~imo</td><td>Enu</td><td><h6>Southern China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nimo</td><td>Chorbat Balti</td><td><h6>Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nimo; pui</td><td>Achang</td><td><h6>Burmese-Lolo; Sino-Tibetan; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pui</td><td>Pela</td><td><h6>Pela or Bola is a Burmish language of western Yunnan, China. Pela may also be spoken in Burma.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pui</td><td>Tsaiwa</td><td><h6>Zaiwa (Tsaiwa, Tsaiva) is a language spoken in parts of China and Burma.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ndra</td><td>Ubykh</td><td><h6>Ubykh is a language which was spoken by the Ubykh people, first on the eastern coast of the Black Sea, then in Turkey where the Ubykh had emigrated. Turkish and Circassian progressively became the preferred languages for everyday communication, and the last speaker of Ubykh died in 1992. Ubykh is a Northwest Caucasian language, like Abkhaz and Abaza.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>naan</td><td>Sunwar (Sunuwar)</td><td><h6>spoken in Nepal by the Sunuwar people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nwaam</td><td>Khaling</td><td><h6>Solukhumbu district, Nepal. (Mahakiranti; Sino-Tibetan; Asia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>(d)wam</td><td>Wambule </td><td><h6>East Nepal (Mahakiranti; Sino-Tibetan; Asia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lach (*)</td><td>Itelmen language †</td><td><h6>Itelmen forms a Southern branch of Chukotko-Kamchatkan family; Eurasia. The language of Kamchatka native people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yalN3n</td><td>North Itelmen</td><td><h6>Kamchatka (Russia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>la'a</td><td>Tongan</td><td><h6>Tongan language is an Austronesian language of the Polynesian branch spoken in Tonga (Tonga Islands, South Pacific) (200000 speakers).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>laa</td><td>Niue (Niuean)</td><td><h6>(Niue island). One of the Polynesian languages, very close to Tongan language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>la</td><td>Hawaiian</td><td><h6>One of polynesian languages (Austronesian language family), spoken at the Hawaiian islands. In the past it was the main language on Hawaiian islands.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>laa</td><td>Fotuna (Erronan - Alternate name)</td><td><h6>Futuna-Aniwa is the Polynesian language spoken on the islands of Futuna and Aniwa in Vanuatu. It is also occasionally called West-Futunan to distinguish it from East-Futunan spoken on Futuna and Alofi in Wallis and Futuna</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>la, mahana (?)</td><td>Samoan language </td><td><h6>Samoan is the language of the Samoan islands, comprising the Independent country of Samoa and the United States territory of American Samoa.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mahana</td><td>Dufaure</td><td><h6>Du Faure. Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mahana</td><td>Mangaian</td><td><h6>Mangaian is a Polynesian language spoken in Mangaia, the most southerly of the Cook Islands and the second largest (1,300 inhabitants) after Rarotonga. Mangain is a dialect of Rarotongan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hana</td><td> Paumotan</td><td><h6>(Paumotu), spoken at the archipelago of 78 coral islands in Pacific ocean (a part of France Polynesia).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rimata</td><td>Roviana </td><td><h6>Spoken on the Island of New Georgia, Solomon Islands. (Oceanic; Austronesian; Australia and Oceania).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oumati</td><td>Marquesan</td><td><h6>East-Central Polynesian dialect, of the Marquesic group, spoken in the Marquesas Islands of French Polynesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oumati</td><td>North Marquesan</td><td><h6>the Marquesas Islands of French Polynesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oumati</td><td>Marquesan language</td><td><h6>(self-name: ‘E‘o ‘Kenata) French Polynesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oumati</td><td>Nuku Hiva</td><td><h6>French Polynesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oumati</td><td>Ua Pou</td><td><h6>The language of the native inhabitants of the third largest of the Marquesas Islands, in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oumati</td><td>Langue De Isles Marquises</td><td><h6>Marquesas Islands (Pasific ocean)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oumati</td><td>Marquesan Nukuhiva</td><td><h6>Marquesas Islands (Pasific ocean)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nepi</td><td>Nambakaengo Malo</td><td><h6>Oceanic Polynesia (the island in Pasific Ocean)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nepi</td><td>Nea</td><td><h6>to the North from Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nepi</td><td>Nea Nemboi</td><td><h6>Santa Cruz</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lepi</td><td>Nea Nooli</td><td><h6>Santa Cruz (Temotu province)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ri</td><td>Ancient Chinese </td><td><h6> </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rei, hei, p-re</td><td>Coptic</td><td><h6>(ancient language). Spoken as a Sacred Language of the Coptic Orthodox Churches. (Egyptian-Coptic; Afro-Asiatic; Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xei; re</td><td>Met Remenkemi</td><td><h6>Coptic or Coptic Egyptian (Met Remenkemi) is the latest stage of the Egyptian language, a Northern Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Egypt until at least the 17th century.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xer</td><td>Sarikoli</td><td><h6>The Sarikoli language (also Sariqoli, Selekur, Sarikul, Sariqul, Sarikoli) is a member of the Pamir subgroup of the Southeastern Iranian languages spoken by Tajiks in China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>qorrax</td><td>Somali (Afsoomaali)</td><td><h6>Soomaaliga. Somali language (Somali, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenia, Yemen). Belongs to Cushitic branch of Afrasian family of languages.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ruC; rX~uC</td><td>Parachi</td><td><h6>The Parachi language is an Iranian language. Parachi is spoken by some 600 individuals of the Paracha ethnic group in Afghanistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>roch</td><td>Balochi</td><td><h6>(or Baluchi, Baloci or Baluci) is spoken in Balochistan, but also in Pakistan (where it is one of the nine official languages), eastern Iran and Southern Afghanistan. There are about 8 million speakers. It is a Northwestern Iranian language, closely related to Kurdish.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>roc</td><td>Zazaki</td><td><h6>the language of Zaza people (Northwest group of iranian languages of Indoeropian family). The east Turkey.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>roC</td><td>Balochi Eastern</td><td><h6>the language in the East of Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rig</td><td>Ninkyop</td><td><h6>Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rir (rig)</td><td>Tabassaran</td><td><h6>Tabassaran, or Tabasaran, is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken in Southern Dagestan by approximately 95,000 people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>righ</td><td>Tabasaran language </td><td><h6>(Khanag). The language of Tabasarans. Spoken в Dagestan (Russia).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ragh</td><td>Lezgi</td><td><h6>Northeast group of Caucasian languages</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>raX</td><td>Agul</td><td><h6>(Aghul), is a language spoken by the Aghuls in Southern Dagestan, Russia and in Azerbaijan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>raX</td><td>Kuba Lezgi</td><td><h6>Azerbaijan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>raX</td><td>Mikrakh Lezgi</td><td><h6>Republic of Dagestan, Russian Federation</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>riX</td><td>Northern Tabassaran</td><td><h6>Tabasaran (also written Tabassaran) is a Northeast Caucasian language of the Lezgic branch. It is spoken by the Tabasaran people in Southern part of the Russian Republic of Dagestan. There are two main dialects: North (Khanag) and South Tabasaran.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>riX</td><td>Late Egyptian</td><td><h6>Late Egyptian is the stage of the Egyptian language that was written by the time of the New Kingdom of Egypt around 1350 BC - the Amarna Period.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rX</td><td>Middle Egyptian</td><td><h6>Middle Egyptian is the typical form of Egyptian written from 2000-1300 BC (after Old Egyptian and before Late Egyptian), during the Middle Kingdom and the subsequent Second Intermediate Period.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>riN</td><td>Digaru Mishmi</td><td><h6>China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>riN</td><td>Taraon</td><td><h6>Digaro, also Taraon or Darang, is a Digarish language of Northeastern Arunachal Pradesh, India and Zay County, Tibet, China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>verigh </td><td>Tsakhur language</td><td><h6>Spoken в Ritul region od Dagestan and Northern part of Azerbaijan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>viragh</td><td>Kryts</td><td><h6>(Kryz; Krytz) is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken in Southern Dagestan. There are about 5,000 speakers.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>viragh</td><td>Budukh</td><td><h6>(or Budugh) is a Lezgic language from the Northeast Caucasian family. There are less than 1,000 speakers, in the region of Quba (Northern Azerbaijan).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>virygh</td><td>Ritul language</td><td><h6>Dagestan (Russia).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>virygh</td><td>Tsakhur</td><td><h6>Northern Azerbaijan and southwestern Dagestan (Russia).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ve:ra</td><td>Pengo</td><td><h6>South-Central Dravidian; Dravidian; Asia (India)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ve:ra</td><td>Manda</td><td><h6>Dravidian; Dravidian; Asia (India)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ve:la</td><td>Kui (in India)</td><td><h6>South-Central Dravidian; Dravidian; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yarilo </td><td>Old Slavic </td><td><h6>(ancient language)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rana</td><td>Hausa</td><td><h6>(Harshen Hausa) a Chadic language (a branch of the Afroasiatic language family) spoken by 40 million people of Northern Nigeria and Southern Niger</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rara</td><td>Nimbia</td><td><h6>a dialect of the Gwandara language (Northern Nigeria)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rana; cin (?) </td><td>Guazi</td><td><h6>Afroasiatic Chadic</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nana</td><td>Arabishi</td><td><h6>Nigeria?</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nana</td><td>Garaku</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nana</td><td>Gitata</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nana</td><td>Gwagwa</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nana</td><td>Karshi</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>naNe; na:ŋge</td><td>Nigerian Fulfulde</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nang~a</td><td>Kenga</td><td><h6>Kenga is a Bongo-Bagirmi language of Chad.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nange</td><td>Borgu Fulfulde</td><td><h6>Benin (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nange</td><td>Central Eastern Niger Fulfulde</td><td><h6>Niger</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nange</td><td>Fula Burkina Faso</td><td><h6>Northern Burkina Faso, the Sahel region</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nange</td><td>Fulfulde Maasina</td><td><h6>Mali (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nange</td><td>Maasina</td><td><h6>Niger-Congo language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5eNg~e</td><td>Konja Sundani</td><td><h6>Cameroon, Africa.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5ENg~E</td><td>Bunoge</td><td><h6>Mali (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5aNga</td><td>Bukusu</td><td><h6>Uganda</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5aNga; tadi</td><td>Nzebi</td><td><h6>The Nzebi languages are a series of Bantu languages spoken in the western Congo and in Gabon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5aNg~a</td><td>Masaba</td><td><h6>Uganda</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5am</td><td>Bamileke</td><td><h6>North-Western Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5am</td><td>Samba Leko</td><td><h6>South-Western Nigeria (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5aNa</td><td>Iyaa</td><td><h6>Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5aN</td><td>Konja Ndung</td><td><h6>Cameroon, Africa.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5aga</td><td>Somyev</td><td><h6>Somyev (Somyewe), also known as Kila, is a nearly extinct Mambiloid language of two villages, one in Nigeria and one in Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>na; tiyo; nyele</td><td>Ntomba Njale</td><td><h6>Congo, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5a</td><td>Babong</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5a</td><td>Balondo</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5E</td><td>Elung</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5ElE</td><td>Konda Twelia</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5EN; du3</td><td>Nla Mbo</td><td><h6>western Cameroon (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5EnE (ane); una; tiyo</td><td>Ntomba</td><td><h6>spoken in the DR Congo and the Republic of the Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5me'</td><td>Denya-Bajwo</td><td><h6>a Bantoid language of Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5EN</td><td>Mienge(Bassossi)</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5EN</td><td>Nninong</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5Ea</td><td>Manehas</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Nam</td><td>Shupamem</td><td><h6>Cameroon (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5eNk (5eNG~) ; XEC</td><td>Mapos</td><td><h6>Mapos Buang, also known as Mapos or Central Buang, is an Oceanic language in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea (?) </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5im</td><td>Baba</td><td><h6>(!) Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5i</td><td>Nle Mbo</td><td><h6>(!) Cameroon (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5i</td><td>Aghem Weh</td><td><h6>(!) North West Region of Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5ima</td><td>Gidiccho</td><td><h6>(!) Gidiccho Island, Welege Island, Golmakka Island, and the western shore of Lake Abaya, Ethiopia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5an</td><td>Basari</td><td><h6>Southern Senegal (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5um</td><td>Adere (Adare; Hareri)</td><td><h6>Somali (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5um</td><td>Dzodinka</td><td><h6>At the Cameroon and Nigeria border</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5um</td><td>Mungaka</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5um3</td><td>Pinyin</td><td><h6>Pinyin is a Grassfields language spoken by some 27,000 people in the Northwest Region of Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5um; nuвm (???)</td><td>Bali</td><td><h6>Balinese (or simply Bali) is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken by 3.3 million people (as of 2000) on the Indonesian island of Bali as well as Northern Nusa Penida, Western Lombok, Eastern Java, Southern Sumatra, and Sulawesi. </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>num</td><td>Bambui</td><td><h6>Mbui (Bambui) is a Bantu language spoken in Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>na</td><td>Baga Mboteni</td><td><h6>at the North of Guinea (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>na</td><td>Bandial</td><td><h6>in the South of Senegal</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>na7</td><td>Falor</td><td><h6>Senegal</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>na7</td><td>Ndut Falor </td><td><h6>Palor (Falor, Paloor) is a language spoken in Senegal</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>na7</td><td>Palor</td><td><h6>Senegal</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nai</td><td>Yariba (Yoruba, Yooba)</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>n-ʃul</td><td>Nkumm</td><td><h6>Nigeria (near the Cameroon border)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>N3</td><td>De Wungtse</td><td><h6>Cameroon (at the border with Nigeria)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>n3num3</td><td>Mankon</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nage</td><td>Bagirmi Fulfulde</td><td><h6>CAR (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nah; nox**</td><td>Lehar</td><td><h6>Lehar or Laalaa (in their language) is one of the Cangin languages spoken in Senegal</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nak</td><td>Non</td><td><h6>Senegal (West Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nox</td><td>Safen</td><td><h6>Safene (Saafen), or Saafi-Saafi, is the principal Cangin language, spoken by 200,000 people in Senegal.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>naho oN</td><td>Ongamo</td><td><h6>Ongamo, or Ngas, is probably extinct Eastern Nilotic language of Tanzania.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Nama (Namla)</td><td>Wom Africa</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>anwu (ash-shams ??)</td><td>Igbo</td><td><h6>The language of Igbo people (Igboid; Niger-Congo; Africa). Spoken at the South-East Nigeria. More than 18 million people speak Igbo. There is an opinion that Igbo ancestors came from African Grate Lakes and Luna Mountains (East and Central Africa) to settle the place where Sahara desert dominates now. The desertification forced the people to migrate ahead to the South and to the North.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>anwu</td><td>Ika Nigeria</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aNgwo</td><td>Fam</td><td><h6>east of Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alaNw~u</td><td>Ekpeye</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alaŋ</td><td>Kam</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aNu</td><td>Ukawani Aboh Ndoni</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>angu; tazi </td><td>Mbala</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>anu</td><td>Igede</td><td><h6>the language spoken in Benue State and Cross River State, Nigeria,</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>amb~u</td><td>Tsonga</td><td><h6>Tsonga (Xitsonga) is a Southern African Bantu language spoken by the Tsonga people</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ani*; ani* i*ki</td><td>Ombo</td><td><h6>Ombo is a Bantu language of Maniema Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ani*</td><td>Kusu Matapa</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ani*i; oruwa</td><td>Biseni</td><td><h6>the Nigerian coastal area</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ani</td><td>Gengele</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ani</td><td>Komo</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>a5i (tazi); angu</td><td>Mbala</td><td><h6>the Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>a5i; Ci</td><td>Ogba</td><td><h6>Ogba is a dialect of the standard Igbo spoken by the Ogba people of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>a5i; yanyo</td><td>Bijago</td><td><h6>Bijago (or Bidyogo) is the language of the Bissagos Archipelago of Guinea-Bissau.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>a5i</td><td>Bijogo</td><td><h6>the language of the tribe, inhabiting an island in Atlantic near Guinea-Bissau (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>a5ik (aɲik)</td><td>Maba Mabang</td><td><h6>Maba (Maban, Mabang) is a Maban language spoken in Chad and Sudan. It is divided into several dialects, and serves as a local trade language. Maba is closely related to the Masalit language. Not to be confused with Maba language (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>a5iN</td><td>Runga</td><td><h6>Aiki is a Maban language of Chad. It consists of two dialects, Runga and Kibet, which are divergent enough to be considered separate languages. Kibet (Kibeit, Kibeet, Kabentang) is spoken in Chad, while Runga (Roungo) is split between Chad and the CAR.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>an</td><td>Bulu</td><td><h6>the language at the Southern Cameroon (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ana</td><td>Boma Nord Ekemwa</td><td><h6>the Democratic Republic of Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ana</td><td>Boma Nord</td><td><h6>the Democratic Republic of Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ana</td><td>Boma</td><td><h6>the Democratic Republic of Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>anak; se5yen</td><td>Kuwaataay</td><td><h6>Gambia (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>anda</td><td>Pinzi</td><td><h6>a Bantu language of Gabon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ane</td><td>Bolia Bandundu</td><td><h6>the Democratic Republic of Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Ane</td><td>Kela</td><td><h6>the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Tshuopa province</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alo</td><td>Banda-Bambari</td><td><h6>Central African republic (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alo</td><td>Linda</td><td><h6>Central African Republic</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ae</td><td>Burmese</td><td><h6>Official Language of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar (Burma).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cam; kham, zuna</td><td>Romani</td><td><h6>(or Romany or Gipsy) is the language of the Roma and Sinti, who came originally from now Northern India and parts of Pakistan. It is an Indo-Aryan language (like Hindi, Gujarati, etc.). Romani is spoken by a total of 4.8 million people in 42 European countries, including Romania, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Bulgaria and Slovakia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kam (kham)</td><td>Angloromani </td><td><h6>Angloromany (literally "English Romany") or "Angloromani" is a language combining aspects of English and Romany.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kh~am</td><td>North Russian Romani</td><td><h6>Russia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kh~am</td><td>Romungro Romani</td><td><h6>Carpathian Romani, also known as Central Romani or Romungro Romani, is a group of dialects of the Romani language spoken from Southern Poland to Hungary, and from eastern Austria to Ukraine.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kh~am</td><td>Selice Romani</td><td><h6>Indo-Aryan language of Slovakia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kh~am; murS</td><td>Sepecides Romani</td><td><h6>Turkey</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kh~am</td><td>Sofia Erli Romani</td><td><h6>Bulgaria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kh~am</td><td>Sremski Gurbet Romani</td><td><h6>Serbia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kh~am</td><td>Ursari Romani</td><td><h6>Bulgaria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kh~am</td><td>Vlax Romani</td><td><h6>Vlax Romani is a dialect group of the Romani language. Vlax Romani varieties are spoken mainly in Southeastern Europe by Romani people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kh~am</td><td>Sinti Romani</td><td><h6>Sinte Romani is the variety of Romani spoken by the Sinti people in Germany, France, Austria, some parts of Northern Italy and other adjacent regions.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kh~am</td><td>Bugurdzi Romani</td><td><h6>Kosovo (former Yugoslavia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kh~am</td><td>Banatiski Gurbet Romani</td><td><h6>Serbia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kh~am</td><td>Burgenland Romani</td><td><h6> Austria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kam; kh~am</td><td>Gurvari Romani</td><td><h6>Hungary</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kh~am</td><td>Dolenjski Romani</td><td><h6>Hungary (on the border with Austria)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>khann (?)</td><td>Yiddish</td><td><h6>Germanic; Indo-European; Europe, Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zhan</td><td>Jingpho</td><td><h6>or Kachin, is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Burma and China by about 900,000 people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dinayara</td><td>Rajasthani</td><td><h6>Rajasthani is an Indo-Aryan language of India, whose number of speakers are estimated up to 80 million people. It is spoken chiefly in the state of Rajasthan but also in Gujarat, Haryana and Punjab.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nw~ar</td><td>Peshawar Pashto</td><td><h6>Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nw~3r</td><td>Northern Pashto</td><td><h6>Northern Pashto or Northeastern Pashto, sometimes known as Yusufzai Pashto after its principal subdialect, is a Northern dialect of Pashto spoken in Northern Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan and Northeastern Afghanistan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nw~3r</td><td>Baffa Pashto</td><td><h6>The North of Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nw~3r</td><td>Oghi Pashto</td><td><h6>Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nw~3r</td><td>Swabi Pashto</td><td><h6>The Northern Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nw~3r</td><td>Batagram Pashto</td><td><h6>the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nw~3r</td><td>Bajaur Pashto</td><td><h6>in the North of Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nw~3r</td><td>Charsadda Pashto</td><td><h6>in the North of Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nw~3r</td><td>Madyan Pashto</td><td><h6>Northern Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nm3r st3rga</td><td>Bar Pashto</td><td><h6>in the North of Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nw~3r</td><td>Cherat Pashto</td><td><h6>Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nw~3r</td><td>Dir Pashto</td><td><h6>Northern Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nw~ar</td><td>Peshawar Pashto</td><td><h6>Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nw~ar</td><td>Mardan Pashto</td><td><h6>Northern Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nw~3r</td><td>Mingora Pashto</td><td><h6>Northern Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mi3 st3rg</td><td>Wana Pashto</td><td><h6>Northern Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mer3 st3rg3</td><td>Parachinar Pashto</td><td><h6>Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mEra st3rga</td><td>Zakha Khel Afridi Pashto</td><td><h6>Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xorm3 st3rga</td><td>Miran Shah Pashto</td><td><h6>Northern Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>d3 nm3r st3rga</td><td>Mohmand Pashto</td><td><h6>Northern Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mer; mer3 st3rg3</td><td>Jamrud Afridi Pashto</td><td><h6>Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mEr3 st3rg3</td><td>Hangu Pashto</td><td><h6>Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>m3r st3rg3</td><td>Shinwari Pashto</td><td><h6>The Shinwari is an ethnic Pashtun tribe of Afghanistan and Pakistan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lmer3 st3rg3</td><td>Thal Pashto</td><td><h6>The North-East of Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nm3r; lm3r</td><td>Pashin Kakari Pashto</td><td><h6>Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nm3r</td><td>Lakki Marwat Pashto</td><td><h6>Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nmer</td><td>Jallozai Pashto</td><td><h6>Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lm3r</td><td>Chaman Pashto</td><td><h6>at the Southern Afganistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lm3r</td><td>Kandahar Pashto</td><td><h6>Afganistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lm3r</td><td>Pishin Pashto</td><td><h6>Pishin is a district in the Balochistan province of Pakistan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lm3r</td><td>Quetta Pashto</td><td><h6>Quetta is the provincial capital and largest city of Balochistan, Pakistan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lm3r</td><td>Ningrahar (?) Pashto</td><td><h6>Nangarhar Province</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mer</td><td>Waneci</td><td><h6>a Pashto dialect which is spoken by a small population of Tareen tribes in Pakistan and Afghanistan, primarily in Harnai and Sinjawi area east of Quetta, Northern Balochistan, Pakistan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mier</td><td>Tirah Afridi Pashto</td><td><h6>The Northern Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mier</td><td>Ormuri</td><td><h6>in some regions of Pakistan and Afganistan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mira</td><td>Yidgha</td><td><h6>The Yidgha language is an Eastern Iranian language of the Pamir group spoken in the upper Lotkoh Valley (Tehsil Lotkoh) of Chitral in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mira</td><td>Munji</td><td><h6>The Munji language, also known as Munjani, Munjhan and the Munjiwar language, is a Pamir language spoken in Munjan valley in Badakhshan Province in Northeast Afghanistan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mir</td><td>Bannu Pashto</td><td><h6>in the North of Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mihr</td><td>New Persian (Farsi)</td><td><h6>Iran, Afganistan, Tajikistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tafukt; tafuљt; tafuyt</td><td>Tamazight</td><td><h6>Spoken in Morocco, Algeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tafukt; ittij</td><td>Kabyle (or Kabylian) language</td><td><h6>Kabyle is a Berber language spoken in Kabylie, a region of Algeria. There are about 5 million speakers in Algeria, and a total of 7 million speakers worldwide.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tafuk, tafukt, iafukt </td><td>Berber</td><td><h6>That is a family of similar or closely related languages and dialects indigenous to North Africa.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tafuk</td><td>Tamahaq Tahaggart</td><td><h6>Tamahaq (Tahaggart Tamahaq, Tamahaq Tahaggart) is the only known Northern Tuareg language, spoken in Algeria, western Libya and Northern Niger.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>t3f7uk</td><td>Tamajeq Tayart Air</td><td><h6>It is spoken by the Tuareg people inhabiting the Air Mountains, in the Agadez Region of Niger.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tafut</td><td>Awjila</td><td><h6>(Awjilah, Aoudjila; self-name: tawjilit) is one of berber languages in estern Libya.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tafuyt</td><td>Tamazight Central Atlas Ayt Izdeg</td><td><h6>The language in central part of Marocco</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>8afuS8</td><td>Tamazight Central Atlas Ayt Ndhir</td><td><h6>The language in central part of Marocco</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tafukt</td><td>Tamazight Central Atlas Ntifa</td><td><h6>The language in central part of Marocco</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tafukt</td><td>Tashelhit Ida Usemlal</td><td><h6>Berber language in Southern Morocco</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tafuct</td><td>Ghomara</td><td><h6>The Ghomara language is a Northern Berber language spoken in Morocco.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tafukt</td><td>Foqaha</td><td><h6>the language in central region of Libya</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tfukt</td><td>Siwa Berber</td><td><h6>The Siwi language (also known as Siwan or Siwa Berber, selfname: Jlan n Isiwan) is the easternmost Berber language, spoken in Egypt by an estimated 15,000 to 20,000[8] people in the oases of Siwa and Gara, near the Libyan border.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tfuyt</td><td>Figuig</td><td><h6>East of Morocco (Nothern Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tfuyt</td><td>Tumzabt</td><td><h6>Tumzabt is a Berber language spoken by the Mozabites, an Ibadi group inhabiting the seven cities of the M'zab in the Northern Sahara.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tfit</td><td>Ouargla Berber</td><td><h6>Ouargli, or Teggargrent is a Zenati Berber language. It is spoken in the oases of Ouargla and N'Goussa (Ingusa) in Algeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tfit</td><td>Wargla</td><td><h6>The language is spoken in scattered oases of Algeria and Morocco</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>t37f3kt (t37fukt)</td><td>Zenaga</td><td><h6>South-West Mavritania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tawf3k</td><td>Tetserret</td><td><h6>Tetserret (Tin Sert) is a Tuareg Berber language spoken by the Ait-Awari and Kel Eghlal Tuareg tribes of the Akoubounou (Akabinu) commune in Niger.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>8fuyc8(8fuS8)</td><td>Tarifit </td><td><h6>Tarifit is a Northern Berber language of the Zenati subgroup, spoken mainly in the Moroccan Rif by about 2,5 million people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>8afuS8</td><td>Senhayi</td><td><h6>Northern Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>8afuT8</td><td>Senhaja De Srair</td><td><h6>Senhaja de Srair ('Senhaja of Srair') is a Northern Berber language. It is spoken by the Sanhaja Berbers inhabiting the Southern part of the Moroccan Rif.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>8fui8</td><td>Chenoua</td><td><h6>Algeria, the Mediterranean coast</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>8fuS8</td><td>Metmata</td><td><h6>Southern Tunis (Northern Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>8fuy8</td><td>Beni Snous Western Algerian Berber</td><td><h6>spoken near Tlemcen in Algeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tfust </td><td>Tarifiyt Berber</td><td><h6>That is a family of similar or closely related languages and dialects indigenous to North Africa.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tufut</td><td>Jebel Nefusa</td><td><h6>Lybia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tufut</td><td>Jerba</td><td><h6>the language of the Djerba (Jerba, Jarbah) people in the largest island of North Africa, located in the Gulf of Gabes. ??</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ufut</td><td>Nafusi</td><td><h6>Nafusi (also spelt Nefusi; Tanfusit) is a Berber language spoken in the Nafusa Mountains, a large area in Northwestern Libya.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ufura</td><td>Mboi</td><td><h6>Mboi (Mboire, Mboyi) is an Adamawa language of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nje:f </td><td>Serer</td><td><h6>(Senegal - Gambia), Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Ch~i Ch~i</td><td>Nggwahyi</td><td><h6>Nggwahyi (Ngwaxi, Ngwohi) is a minor Chadic language of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gbe</td><td>Abidji</td><td><h6>Kwa family: Agneby group (Ivory Coast)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Nzui</td><td>Ejagham</td><td><h6>Benue-Congo family: Ekajuk group (Nigeria)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nzol</td><td>Nkem</td><td><h6>Benue-Congo family: Ekajuk group (Nigeria)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nzol</td><td>Abanyom</td><td><h6>Benue-Congo family: Ekajuk group (Nigeria)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nzol</td><td>Nnam</td><td><h6>Benue-Congo family: Ekajuk group (Nigeria)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nzon</td><td>Nde</td><td><h6>Benue-Congo family: Ekajuk group (Nigeria)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nzul</td><td>Nsell</td><td><h6>Benue-Congo family: Ekajuk group (Nigeria)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nzul</td><td>Nkum</td><td><h6>Benue-Congo family: Ekajuk group (Nigeria)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nzul</td><td>Ekajuk</td><td><h6>Benue-Congo family: Ekajuk group (Nigeria)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nzun</td><td>Efutop</td><td><h6>Benue-Congo family: Ekajuk group (Nigeria)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nzun</td><td>Nta</td><td><h6>Benue-Congo family: Ekajuk group (Nigeria)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>enen (approx.)</td><td>Mwetug Akoose</td><td><h6>Benue-Congo family: Bantu-A group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ene (approx.)</td><td>Elung Akoose</td><td><h6>Benue-Congo family: Bantu-A group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mpaso</td><td>Nilamba</td><td><h6>Benue-Congo family: Bantu-F group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mutena</td><td>Nkoya</td><td><h6>Benue-Congo family: Bantu-L group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>teni; tena</td><td>Sonde Kyaanza</td><td><h6>The South-West of the Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ana, tena, taNwa </td><td>Lunda</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>TeN</td><td>Kuman Uganda</td><td><h6>Uganda</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tEn</td><td>Okobo</td><td><h6>Okobo is a Lower Cross River language of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ten</td><td>Ruund</td><td><h6>Ruund (Ruwund), also known as Northern Lunda or Uruund, is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Angola.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>laga</td><td>Phuti</td><td><h6>Phuthi (Siphuthi) is a Nguni Bantu language spoken in Southern Lesotho and areas in South Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lana; mairowa</td><td>Gibanawa</td><td><h6>at the Northern Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>laNa</td><td>Hlubi</td><td><h6>South Africa (Maputu)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>laNa</td><td>Zulu Nkandla</td><td><h6>The South Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>laNg~a (langa)</td><td>Northern Ndebele</td><td><h6>Northern Ndebele, also called isiNdebele, Sindebele, Zimbabwean Ndebele or North Ndebele, and formerly known as Matabele, is an African language belonging to the Nguni group of Bantu languages, spoken by the Northern Ndebele people, or Matabele, of Zimbabwe.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>laNg~a (raNg~a)</td><td>Ngoni</td><td><h6>one of several languages of the Ngoni people, who descend from the Nguni people of Southern Africa, and the language is a member of the Nguni subgroup, with the variety spoken in Malawi sometimes referred to as a dialect of Zulu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>laNg~a</td><td>Southern Ndebele</td><td><h6>Southern Ndebele, also known as Transvaal Ndebele, isiNdebele, Ndebele, is an African language belonging to the Nguni group of Bantu languages, spoken by the Ndebele people of South Africa.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>laNg~a</td><td>Thembu</td><td><h6>South Africa (?)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>laNg~a</td><td>Zimbabwe Ndebele</td><td><h6>Zimbabwe</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>langa</td><td>Ngoni Malawi</td><td><h6>a Bantu language of Malawi</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>langa</td><td>Swati</td><td><h6>The Swazi or Swati language (Swazi: siSwati [siswat'i]) is a Bantu language of the Nguni group spoken in Swaziland and South Africa by the Swazi people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ilanga</td><td>Xhosa</td><td><h6>Benue-Congo family: Bantu-S group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ca: (za)(jah); cha</td><td>Hoan</td><td><h6>Peripheral-Khoisan family (Botsvana).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!x'oin</td><td>|Xam</td><td><h6>Peripheral-Khoisan family: (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!'oe</td><td>||Ng!ke</td><td><h6>Peripheral-Khoisan family: (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!'ui</td><td>Khomani</td><td><h6>Peripheral-Khoisan family: (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!'ui</td><td>N|uu</td><td><h6>Peripheral-Khoisan family: (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!umi</td><td>||Xegwi</td><td><h6>Peripheral-Khoisan family: (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>le (len); !koi</td><td>|'Auni</td><td><h6>Peripheral-Khoisan family: (Africa. Southwestern Botswana)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!'i</td><td>|Haasi</td><td><h6>Peripheral-Khoisan family: (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!'an</td><td>!Xoong</td><td><h6>Peripheral-Khoisan family: Тaa group (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!'an</td><td>Kakia</td><td><h6>Peripheral-Khoisan family: Тaa group (Botswana)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!on</td><td>Masarwa Kakia</td><td><h6>Peripheral-Khoisan family: Тaa group (Botswana)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!'an (ll'e:)</td><td>N|u||en</td><td><h6>Peripheral-Khoisan family: Тaa group (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!am</td><td>Cape Khoekhoe</td><td><h6>Central Khoisan family: Kalahari-Khoisan group. Almost dead language in South-Western SAR (about 100 people).</h6></td>  </tr><tr><td>!am (?)</td><td>Zhu'hoan</td><td><h6>the language in north-eastern Namibia. Ju|'hoan is generally considered to be a variety of the !Xun [knw] language. (Africa) Ju/'hoan, Agau, Kung-Tsumkwe, Xu, Xun, Kung, !Xo, Zhu'oasi, Dzu'oasi, Tsumkwe, Dobe Kung, Xaixai, Zhu|hoasi, Ju/'hoansi</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!a:m</td><td>Grootfontein ! Kung</td><td><h6>Peripheral-Khoisan family: Nothern Khoisan group. Northern Namibia, in Grootfontein district</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!kom</td><td>! Kung</td><td><h6>Peripheral-Khoisan family: Nothern Khoisan group (Namibia) Not to be confused with Kung language (Cameroon)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!kom</td><td>!O! Kung</td><td><h6>Peripheral-Khoisan family: Nothern Khoisan group (Southern Angola)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!am</td><td>Kxauen</td><td><h6>Peripheral-Khoisan family: Nothern Khoisan group (southwestern Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!Em</td><td>Kxoe language</td><td><h6>Central Khoisan family: Kalahari-Khoisan group (7000 speakers) (southeastern Angola)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!am</td><td>||Ani-Buga language</td><td><h6>Central Khoisan family: Kalahari-Khoisan group. (4000 speakers in northwestern Botswana)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!am</td><td>Naro language</td><td><h6>Central Khoisan family: Kalahari-Khoisan group(western Botswana)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!am</td><td>||Gana-|Gui language</td><td><h6>Central Khoisan family: Kalahari-Khoisan group. (4500 speakers in southwestern Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!am</td><td>#Haba </td><td><h6>Central Khoisan family: Kalahari-Khoisan group (southwestern Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!am; kobo</td><td>Cara</td><td><h6>Central Khoisan family: Kalahari-Khoisan group (southwestern Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!am</td><td>|Xaise </td><td><h6>Central Khoisan family: Kalahari-Khoisan group (southwestern Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!am</td><td>Ts'ixa </td><td><h6>Central Khoisan family: Kalahari-Khoisan group (southwestern Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!am</td><td>Shua</td><td><h6>a.k.a. Danisi. Central Khoisan family: Kalahari-Khoisan group. (2000 speakers) Botswana</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!am</td><td>Hiechware</td><td><h6>Tsoa or Tshwa, also known as Kua and Hiechware. Botswana and Zimbabwe (9300 speakers). Central Khoisan family: Kalahari-Khoisan group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>k'obo</td><td>Deti </td><td><h6>Central Khoisan family: Kalahari-Khoisan group (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gao</td><td>Ekoka ! Xung</td><td><h6>Peripheral-Khoisan family: Nothern Khoisan group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!'akasu</td><td>Sandawe</td><td><h6>Sandawe family: Sandawe group. The Dadoma privince, Tanzania. Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iso-wa-ko (iSo)</td><td>Hadza</td><td><h6>Northern Tanzania. </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>swe:ri</td><td>Jalaa</td><td><h6>(autonym: basaren da jalaabe) also known as Centum or Cen Tuum, is an extinct language of northeastern Nigeria </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>asis; koita</td><td>Nandi</td><td><h6>a Nilotic language also known as Cemual (Western Kenya)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>asista</td><td>Kipsigis</td><td><h6>a Nilo-Saharan language spoken in Kenya by the Kipsigis tribe (470,000 people). It's a dialect of Kalenjin, along with Nandi and Keiyo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aca</td><td>Oropom</td><td><h6>(Oworopom) is an African language almost certainly extinct. The language was purportedly once spoken by the Oropom people in northeastern Uganda and northwestern Kenya.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ukat</td><td>isiXhosa</td><td><h6>(Xhosa) The Xhosa language is one of the official languages of South Africa.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ayya </td><td>Krongo</td><td><h6>Kadugli; Kadugli; South Sudan, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aya</td><td>Kurondi</td><td><h6>Southern Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aya</td><td>Keiga</td><td><h6>Kadugli; Kadugli; South Sudan, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>i:ya</td><td>Tumtum</td><td><h6>Kadugli; Kadugli; South Sudan, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ndana:ya (n8~anaya)</td><td>Katcha</td><td><h6>Kadugli; Kadugli; South Sudan, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>andanaya</td><td>Tumma</td><td><h6>Kadugli; Kadugli; South Sudan, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ndalaya</td><td>Kanga</td><td><h6>Kadugli; Kadugli; South Sudan, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ndalaya </td><td>Miri: (Hill)</td><td><h6>Kadugli; Kadugli; South Sudan, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ndalaya (in8~alaya)</td><td>Miri</td><td><h6>Kadugli–Krongo family: Kadugli–Krongo group; Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>in8~ilaia</td><td>Chiroro</td><td><h6>Sudan (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>indinaya</td><td>Kadugli</td><td><h6>Kadugli; Kadugli; South Sudan, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>indi</td><td>Serena</td><td><h6>Ecuador (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ten; ea</td><td>Tulishi</td><td><h6>Kadugli; Kadugli; South Sudan, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tenea</td><td>Tulishi</td><td><h6>the language in southern Sudan. Kadugli–Krongo family: Kadugli–Krongo group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tigimy~a7</td><td>Tulishi</td><td><h6>Tulishi (Kuntulishi, Thulishi, Tulesh) is a Kadu language spoken in Kordofan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mbang</td><td>Sara </td><td><h6>The Sara languages comprise over a dozen Bongo–Bagirmi languages spoken mainly in Southern Chad; a few are also spoken in the North of the Central African Republic. They are members of the Central Sudanic language family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>babar (*)</td><td>Sumerian</td><td><h6>the territory of modern Iraq</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Cy~el3; Cel3 (teli; celi)</td><td>Selkup</td><td><h6>Selkup language is the language of the Selkups, belonging to the Samoyedic group of the Uralic language family. It is spoken by some 1500 people in the region between the Ob and Yenisei Rivers (in Siberia, Russia).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tirkэtir; terki</td><td>Chukchi </td><td><h6>Chukchi is a Paleosiberian language spoken by Chukchi people in the Eastenmost extremity of Siberia, mainly in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Chukchi-Koryak branch of Chukchi-Kamchatka family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tijkэtij</td><td>Koryak (or Nymylan)</td><td><h6>the language of Koryaks, the main population of inhabitants of Koryak national county (RF).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>titke-tit</td><td>Alutor</td><td><h6>Alutor is a language of Russian Federation that belongs to the Chukchi-Koryak group of Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages. Unwritten.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tijkэtij</td><td>Chawchuven</td><td><h6>Northeast of Siberia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>titk-э-n </td><td>Palana</td><td><h6>Northeast of Siberia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>titkэp</td><td>Karagin </td><td><h6>Northeast of Siberia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ketipin</td><td>Pohnpeian</td><td><h6>the State of Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ee [i:]</td><td>Ketic (Ket)</td><td><h6>(Yenisei Ostyak) is a Siberian language long thought to be an isolate, the sole surviving language of an Yeniseian language family. It is spoken along the Yenisei basin by the Ket people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hi (pronounced [hee]), taiyou, ohisama</td><td>Japan</td><td><h6>Altai language family. People in western area of Japan often use 'ohisan'.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ohisan</td><td>Kyokotoba</td><td><h6>Kyo-kotoba, a dialect of Japanese spoken in Kyoto.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ohisEmE</td><td>Tokyo Japanese</td><td><h6>Japan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ti'up</td><td>Proto-Ainu</td><td><h6>Ainu languages are a small language family originally spoken on the Northern Japanese island of Hokkaido</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tida</td><td>Shimayumita</td><td><h6>The Kikai language (Shimayumita) is spoken on Kikai Island (southwestern Japan).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tida</td><td>Myaakufutsu</td><td><h6>the language spoken in the Miyako Islands, located southwest of Okinawa.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tida</td><td>Tarama-Minna hogen</td><td><h6>Language spoken in the Miyako Islands (Japan).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tida* (tidan)</td><td>Sani Amami</td><td><h6>The language is spoken in the Amami Islands (Japan)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tida</td><td>Shuri</td><td><h6>Okinawan language (Japan)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>teNdo</td><td>Takarajima Japanese</td><td><h6>the island language in the Southern Japan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tida</td><td>Taketomi Yaeyama</td><td><h6>the Yaeyama Islands, the Southernmost inhabited island group in Japan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tida</td><td>Nishihara Miyako</td><td><h6>Miyako dialect is spoken at the Miyako islands, located southwest of Okinawa (Nishihara district).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tida</td><td>Miyako</td><td><h6>Southern islands of Japan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tida</td><td>Fukusato Miyako</td><td><h6>the island of the southern Japanese ridge (to the North of Taiwan)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tida</td><td>Kuninaka Miyako</td><td><h6>Southern islands of Japan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tida; tidaganas3</td><td>Tokuwase</td><td><h6>the language on one of the Southern islands of Japan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tida</td><td>Yaeyama</td><td><h6>The Yaeyama language is a Southern Ryukyuan language spoken in the Yaeyama Islands, the Southernmost inhabited island group in Japan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tida</td><td>Uehara Yaeyama</td><td><h6>Southernmost island group in Japan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tida</td><td>Kabira Yaeyama</td><td><h6>Southernmost island group in Japan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tida</td><td>Kuroshima Yaeyama</td><td><h6>Southernmost island group in Japan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tida</td><td>Yonamine</td><td><h6>Japan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tida</td><td>Yoron</td><td><h6>The Yoron language is a dialect continuum spoken on Yoronjima in Kagoshima Prefecture, southwestern Japan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tida</td><td>Kamikatetsu Kikai</td><td><h6>Southern islands of Japan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tida</td><td>Izena Kunigami</td><td><h6>Japan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tida, Cida</td><td>Komi Yaeyama</td><td><h6>Japan, Isigaki Island (near Taiwan)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Cind~a</td><td>Kohama Yaeyama</td><td><h6>Japan, Isigaki Island (near Taiwan)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tira</td><td>Yamazato Okinawan</td><td><h6>Japan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tira</td><td>Higa Okinawan</td><td><h6>Japan (Southern islands)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tira</td><td>Naha</td><td><h6>one of the southern islands of Japan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tidaN</td><td>Yonaguni</td><td><h6>The Yonaguni language is a Southern Ryukyuan language spoken by around 400 people on the island of Yonaguni, in the Ryukyu Islands, the westernmost of the chain lying just east of Taiwan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hidoN</td><td>Ei Japanese</td><td><h6>at Southern part of Kusu island (Japan)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hidaw</td><td>Toda Taroko</td><td><h6>Taroko is a language of Taiwan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hidaw</td><td>Truku Taroko</td><td><h6>Taiwan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hido</td><td>Paran Taroko</td><td><h6>Taiwan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hidaw</td><td>Hecuo Taroko</td><td><h6>Taiwan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kadaw</td><td>Pilam Puyuma</td><td><h6>The Puyuma language, or Pinuyumayan, is the language of the Puyuma, an indigenous people of Taiwan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>degow</td><td>Manide</td><td><h6>Philippines</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>qadaw</td><td>Tjubar Paiwan</td><td><h6>Paiwan is a native language of Taiwan, spoken by the Paiwan, a Taiwanese indigenous people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>qadaw</td><td>Butanglu Paiwan</td><td><h6>southern part of Taiwan island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>adaw</td><td>Stimul Paiwan</td><td><h6>a native language of Taiwan, spoken by the Paiwan people, one tribe of the Taiwanese aborigines</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>odow (3dd3w)</td><td>Molbog</td><td><h6>Philippines</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>igaw</td><td>Yogad</td><td><h6>Yogad is an Austronesian language spoken primarily in Echague, Isabela and other nearby towns in the province in Northern Philippines.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ri; taiyang (astronom.); ritou</td><td>Chinese</td><td><h6>The main representative of Sino-Tibetan language family. This is the oldest written language in the world</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taiyang</td><td>Gon ua</td><td><h6>One of the major divisions of the Chinese language spoken in Jiangxi province</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taiyang</td><td>Mandarin (Mandarian)</td><td><h6>northern and southwestern China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>thE iaN; lo ier ier</td><td>Mandarin Liaocheng</td><td><h6> eastern China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tou; von</td><td>Jiamao</td><td><h6>Jiamao (or Kamau) is a divergent Hlai language spoken in Southern Hainan (island), China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aesng ta ven</td><td>Lao</td><td><h6>(laotian) Thai language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>um tou</td><td>Jiao-Liao</td><td><h6>Jiaoliao or Jiao-Liao Mandarin is a primary dialect of Mandarin Chinese, spoken on the Shandong Peninsula.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taNon; ky~aNNon</td><td>Hawyiengz Zhuang</td><td><h6>Southern China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ky~aNNon</td><td>Wuming Yongbei Zhuang</td><td><h6>The Southern China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kyaNNon</td><td>Wuming Zhuang</td><td><h6>The Southern China, Wuming County</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taunan</td><td>Yerong</td><td><h6>Yerong is a language of China. It is spoken in West Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Baise prefecture, Napo county, on the Yunnan Province and Viet Nam border; Longhe district, Rongtun and Gonghe villages; Pohe district, Shanhe, Yong'an and Guoba.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tauNk~au</td><td>Numao Bunu</td><td><h6>The south of China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tauw3n</td><td>Northern Dong Tianzhu Shidong</td><td><h6>China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tauwan</td><td>Lakkia (Lakkja)</td><td><h6>Tai-Kadai language spoken in Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County, Laibin, east-central Guangxi, Southern China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tawan, tabwan (coloqual); phra-aathit (high language)</td><td>Thai</td><td><h6>Thai (Siamese) is the official language of Tailand. Tai is a member of the Tai group of the Tai-Kadai language family. Over half of the words in Thai are borrowed from Pali, Sanskrit and Old Khmer. Spoken Thai is mutually intelligible with Laotian.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tawan; ph~a atit</td><td>Tai Khuen</td><td><h6>Khun, or Tai Khun, is the language of the Tai Khun people of Kengtung, Shan state, Myanmar.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tawan</td><td>Khorat Thai</td><td><h6>Thailand</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tawan</td><td>Lampang Thai</td><td><h6>Thailand</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tavan</td><td>Jinghong Tai Lue</td><td><h6>China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tavan</td><td>Yuanyang Tai</td><td><h6>The South of China (near the Vietnam border)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tavan</td><td>Langjia Buyang</td><td><h6>Southern China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>t3van (nd~avan)</td><td>Sandong Sui</td><td><h6>a Tai-Kadai language spoken by the Sui people of Guizhou province in China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nd~avan</td><td>Sui</td><td><h6>The Sui language is a Tai-Kadai language spoken by the Sui people of Guizhou province in China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ta maan</td><td>Dong Southern</td><td><h6>Southern Guizhou, China (Rongjiang-Zhanglu dialect; Kam-Sui language)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ta van</td><td>Lu</td><td><h6>China ?</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ta.1' van.2</td><td>Yuanxin Hongjin Dai</td><td><h6>Tai Hongjin is a Tai language of Southern China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ta.7 wan.2</td><td>Khun</td><td><h6>Khun, or Tai Khun, is the language of the Tai Khun people of Kengtung, Shan state, Myanmar. It is a Tai language, closely related to Thai and Lao. It is also spoken in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand, and Yunnan Province, China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ta vin</td><td>Yang</td><td><h6>Yang Zhuang is a Tai language spoken in southwestern Guangxi, China, in Napo, Jingxi and Debao counties. (?)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vai</td><td>Tanan Rukai</td><td><h6>Rukai is a Formosan language spoken by the Rukai people in Taiwan. The Austronesian language family. The Rukai language comprises six dialects, which are Budai, Labuan, Maga, Mantauran, Tanan, and Tona.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wh~3n</td><td>Qabiao</td><td><h6>Qabiao or sometimes Laqua is a Tai-Kadai language spoken by the Qabiao people in Northern Vietnam and Yunnan, China. Alternative names for Qabiao include Kabeo, Ka Beo, Ka Bao, Ka Biao, Pubiao (Pupeo or Pu Peo) and Pen Ti Lolo (Bendi Lolo).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dav3n</td><td>Dongying Lingao</td><td><h6>a language spoken at the Chinese Hainan island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dav3n</td><td>Ong Be</td><td><h6>the North-central coast of Hainan Island, including the suburbs of the provincial capital Haikou (China)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>davan</td><td>Ai-Cham </td><td><h6>is a language spoken mainly in Diwo and Boyao Townships, Jialiang District, Libo County, Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou, China. Alternative names for the language are Jiamuhua, Jinhua and Atsam.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>davan</td><td>Taiyang Ai Cham</td><td><h6>South-East of China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>davan</td><td>Fangcun Mak</td><td><h6>The Southern China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>davan</td><td>Laliu Mak</td><td><h6>The Southern China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>davan</td><td>Mak</td><td><h6>The Mak language is a Kam-Sui language spoken in Libo County, Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou, China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dawan</td><td>Shuiqing Sui</td><td><h6>The Sui language is a Tai-Kadai language spoken by the Sui people of Guizhou province in China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>havan</td><td>Longzhou Zhuang</td><td><h6>China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>havan</td><td>Zhuang Northern</td><td><h6>Guizhou (China)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>havEn</td><td>Yuanjiang Tai</td><td><h6>in southern China (near to Vietnam border)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ch~ahw~an</td><td>Li Baoding</td><td><h6>Taiwan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ch~avan</td><td>Li Tongshi </td><td><h6>China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ch~3Nhi</td><td>Naga Mao</td><td><h6>Northeastern India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ch~a 5u</td><td>Naga Chang</td><td><h6>Chang (Changyanguh), or Mochungrr, is a Naga language of Northeastern India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ih~ekh~a</td><td>Naga Rengma</td><td><h6>in Northeastern India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tavin</td><td>Jinping Tai</td><td><h6>China, on the border with Vietnam</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tavon</td><td>Menglian Tai</td><td><h6>in southern China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taNNon; dandat</td><td>Wangmo Bouyei</td><td><h6>China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taNNon</td><td>Zhoucheng Bai</td><td><h6>China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taNNen</td><td>Tai Daeng</td><td><h6>the language of the Tai Daeng people of Northwestern Vietnam and across the border into Northeastern Laos.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taNoa</td><td>Nong Duu Mon</td><td><h6>Thailand</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Ta5u</td><td>Phom</td><td><h6>a Sino-Tibetan language spoken by the Phom people of Nagaland state in the northeastern India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taNay</td><td>Cheng</td><td><h6>Cheng (also known as Jeng, Chieng) is a Mon-Khmer language of Southern Laos.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taNay</td><td>Oi</td><td><h6>Oi is a Mon–Khmer dialect cluster of Attapeu Province in Southern Laos.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>t3 m3v</td><td>Karen Yintale</td><td><h6>Sino-Tibetan language family: Karenic group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>T3lNe (C3lNe)</td><td>Ksinmul</td><td><h6>Northern Vietnam</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>t3Nay</td><td>Jruq</td><td><h6>a Mon-Khmer language of the Bahnaric branch spoken in Southern Laos.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>t3Nay</td><td>Jru</td><td><h6>Cambodia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>t3Nay</td><td>Lave</td><td><h6>Cambodia and Laos</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>t3Nay</td><td>Sapuan</td><td><h6>Sapuan is a Mon–Khmer language spoken in the single village of Ban Sapuan, located approximately 40 km North of Attapeu (Laos).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>t3Nay</td><td>Brao</td><td><h6>Vietnam</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>t3Nay</td><td>Loven</td><td><h6>Laos</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taman</td><td>Kam Zhanglu</td><td><h6>Kam-Tai; Tai-Kadai; southeastern China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taman</td><td>Zhanglu Dong</td><td><h6>Kam-Tai; Tai-Kadai; southeastern China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tamik</td><td>Naga Thangal</td><td><h6>Northeastern India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tamyat</td><td>Panakhil</td><td><h6>Pangkhua (Pangkhu), or Paang, is a Kukish language primarily spoken in Bangladesh.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>t3Ne7; t3Ni; th~3Ni; hni</td><td>Pear</td><td><h6>Pear is a moribund Mon-Khmer language of Cambodia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>t3mo</td><td>Kayah</td><td><h6>Sino-Tibetan language family: Karenic group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>t3t; th~3ufan</td><td>Dongmen Mulam</td><td><h6>one of the Mulam dialects (Southern China and Northern Vietnam)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>si Nai</td><td>Palaung</td><td><h6>Palaung, or in Chinese De'ang, is a Mon–Khmer dialect cluster spoken by over half a million people in Burma (Shan State) and neighboring countries.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ak ToN</td><td>Mlabri</td><td><h6>Thailand</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>naw-chi</td><td>Duogu Tujia</td><td><h6>Duogu Tujia is a Tibeto-Burman language, spoken in south-central China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>amux3</td><td>Nanjiang</td><td><h6>Nanjiang County is a county of Sichuan Province, China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>anx3; antsha; mux3</td><td>Lalo</td><td><h6>Southern China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dzei te ze kua; me ni</td><td>Xuecheng ???</td><td><h6>China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>punh~oi</td><td>Yao</td><td><h6>One of the main languages spoken by the Yao people in China, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>py~einoi</td><td>Hainan Kim Mun</td><td><h6>the Hainan island (China)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pu37</td><td>Nyeu</td><td><h6>Vietnam, Thailand</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pa Ni</td><td>Mok</td><td><h6>Northern Thailand</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pis</td><td>Toda</td><td><h6>Toda is a Dravidian language noted for its many fricatives and trills. It is spoken by the Toda people, a population of about one thousand who live in the Nilgiri Hills of Southern India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>plaN</td><td>Dakpakha</td><td><h6>Butan (between India and China)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sacuk</td><td>Lepcha</td><td><h6>Lepcha language, or Rуng language is a Himalayish language spoken by the Lepcha people in Sikkim and parts of West Bengal, Nepal and Bhutan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>s3Ne7</td><td>Lawa La Up</td><td><h6>Thailand</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sh~3Ni7</td><td>Riang Black Striped</td><td><h6>Myanmar (Burma)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sh~oNyi7</td><td>Riang White Striped</td><td><h6>Riang is a Mon-Khmer language of Burma and China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Nay saNi</td><td>U</td><td><h6>The U language, or P'uman, is spoken by 40,000 people in the Yunnan province of China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>NayNe</td><td>Khang</td><td><h6>Khang, also known as Mang U’, is an Austroasiatic language of Vietnam.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Nawray; nayan**</td><td>Yaygir</td><td><h6>Pama-Nyungan; Australian Eastern seashore.</h6></td>  </tr><tr><td>shingi**</td><td>Krishnupur Koda</td><td><h6>Koda is an endangered Munda language of India and Bangladesh</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tshandu**</td><td>Kundang Koda</td><td><h6>India and Bangladesh</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sumT; th~akur</td><td>Magahi</td><td><h6>Eastern India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tiNgai miak</td><td>Naga Mzieme</td><td><h6>Northeastern India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zi mik</td><td>Naga Tangkhul</td><td><h6>Kuki-Chin; Sino-Tibetan; Asia. (Northeastern India)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zi.243 hon.13 (zihon)</td><td>Cun</td><td><h6>Cun is a Hlai language of Hainan Island. China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zi7; zihao</td><td>Hainan Minnan Chinese</td><td><h6>Hainan Island (China)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tini</td><td>Manange</td><td><h6>Nepal (Tamangic language). Bodic; Sino-Tibetan; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tiwaz</td><td>Luwian</td><td><h6>Luwian; sometimes spelled Luvian, rarely Luish) is an ancient language or group of languages of the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family. The culmination of Luwian language development took place in the 13 - 12th centuries B.C., when most of inscriptions were written. Anatolia, Northern Syria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tiZi</td><td>Kirmanjki</td><td><h6>Turkey</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>toNkulu</td><td>Onge</td><td><h6>The Onge language is one of two known Ongan languages within the Andaman family. It is spoken by the Onge people in Little Andaman Island in India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>too</td><td>Domaaki</td><td><h6>Domaaki, also known as Dumaki or Domaa, is a Dardic language spoken by a few hundred people living in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>txiya*</td><td>Gurung Western</td><td><h6>Nepal</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uni</td><td>Thangmi</td><td><h6>Thangmi, also called Thami, Thangmi Kham, Thangmi Wakhe, and Thani, is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in central-eastern Nepal and Northeastern India by the Thami people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uyuN; goyuNan</td><td>Sora</td><td><h6>Sora is an Austroasiatic language of the Sora people, an ethnic group of eastern India, mainly in the states of Odisha and Andhra Pradesh.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xiug</td><td>Shom Peng</td><td><h6>Shompen (Shom Peng) is a language, or languages, spoken on Great Nicobar Island in the Indian union territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Indian Ocean south of Burma.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yheko (yhekha)</td><td>Naga Southern Rengma</td><td><h6>Northeastern India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yi*ph~i*; 5iph~i*</td><td>Jianchuan Bai</td><td><h6>South-eastern China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yi*ph~i*</td><td>Heqing Bai</td><td><h6>Southern China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Yihobu</td><td>Nuosu </td><td><h6>China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yom; k3yom</td><td>Jiarong</td><td><h6>China, the central region</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>k3yom; yom</td><td>Japhug Rgyalrong</td><td><h6>China ???</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yum</td><td>Shehri</td><td><h6>Shehri, also known as Jibbali, is a Modern South Arabian language. It is spoken by a small native population inhabiting the coastal towns and the mountains and wilderness areas upland from Salalah, located in the Dhofar Governorate in southwestern Oman.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>єmpumetshwe</td><td>Tanka</td><td><h6>(Alternative namees: boat people, Dan, Danjia, Tan). The Tankas or boat people are an ethnic subgroup in Southern China who have traditionally lived on junks in coastal parts of Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hainan, and Zhejiang, as well as Hong Kong and Macau.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>roNSar</td><td>Moshang</td><td><h6>at Nothern-Eastern India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mo ni si</td><td>Phunoi</td><td><h6>Phunoi (Sinsali) is a Loloish language of Northern Laos.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tX~atX~ (tat)</td><td>Domari</td><td><h6>language of Gypsies in Israel</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yeLoje</td><td>Kolyma Yukagir</td><td><h6>at Nothern-Eastern Siberia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>intafo</td><td>Kumzari</td><td><h6>United Arab Emirates</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Zoth~u; th~Eyon</td><td>Dungan</td><td><h6>Kyrgyzstan (in the Bishkek region)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>th~Eyo</td><td>Kunming Mandarin</td><td><h6>Southern China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Astan</td><td>Hittite language †</td><td><h6>also known as Nesite and Neshite, is an Indo-European-language that was spoken by the Hittites, a people of Bronze Age Anatolia who created an empire, centred on Hattusa, as well as parts of the northern Levant and Upper Mesopotamia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>i</td><td>Yugh</td><td><h6>a Yeniseian language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>i</td><td>Yugh Recent</td><td><h6>Yugh (Yug) is a Yeniseian language, closely related to Ket, formerly spoken by the Yugh people, one of the Southern groups along the Yenisei River in central Siberia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sujjo</td><td>Prakrit</td><td><h6>The territory of ancient India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sija; suuraja; shamsa</td><td>Sindhi</td><td><h6>Official Language of the Sindh Province, Pakistan. One of the 22 official languages of India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>soi</td><td>Bofi</td><td><h6>Bofi (Boffi) is a Gbaya language spoken in Boda and Bimbo subprefectures in southwestern Central African Republic.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sNoi (siNoi)</td><td>Deang</td><td><h6>Myanmar (South-East Asia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>siNai7 (SiNoi7)</td><td>Wa</td><td><h6>Wa (Va) is the language of the Wa people of Burma and China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>siNai7</td><td>Banhong Wa</td><td><h6>at the south-western China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>siNE7</td><td>Dazhai Wa</td><td><h6>South-East China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>siNe7</td><td>Yancheng Wa</td><td><h6>Northeastern Jiangsu province, China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>siNEi7</td><td>Masan Wa</td><td><h6>Myanmar (on Chinese border)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>siNEi7</td><td>Zhongke Wa</td><td><h6>the language of the Wa people of Burma and China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>siNi</td><td>Turi</td><td><h6>Turi is an endangered Munda language of India that is closely related to Santali.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sino</td><td>Nias</td><td><h6>The Nias language is an Austronesian language spoken on Nias Island and the Batu Islands off the west coast of Sumatra in Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>siEn</td><td>Guwot</td><td><h6>Duwet, also known as Guwot or Waing, is an aberrant member of the Busu subgroup of Lower Markham languages in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sinoL; sobw~aLu</td><td>Misima-Paneati</td><td><h6>Misima-Panaeati, also called Misiman, is an indigenous Austronesian language spoken on the islands of Misima, Panaieti, and the islands of the eastern half of the Calvados Chain of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sir</td><td>Kalkoti</td><td><h6>Northern Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>siri; aftab</td><td>Kashmiri</td><td><h6>Northern India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sNey</td><td>Lyngngam</td><td><h6>North-East India (the Meghalaya state)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sNey</td><td>Rumai</td><td><h6>(or Palaung) is a Mon–Khmer language, or actually a dialect cluster, spoken by over half a million people in Burma</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sngi</td><td>Khasi</td><td><h6>Khasi is an Austroasiatic language spoken primarily in Meghalaya state in India by the Khasi people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sNi</td><td>Pnar Jowai</td><td><h6>Pnar is an Austroasiatic language spoken in India and Bangladesh.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>siŋ'gi</td><td>Ghatshila Ho</td><td><h6>Munda; Austro-Asiatic; Asia (India)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>'siŋgi</td><td>Ma’lidu Ho</td><td><h6>Munda; Austro-Asiatic; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>siŋ'gi</td><td>Ghoraduba Ho</td><td><h6>Munda; Austro-Asiatic; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>singi</td><td>Ho</td><td><h6>Ho is a Munda language of the Austroasiatic language family spoken primarily in India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>siNgi</td><td>Mundari</td><td><h6>India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>siŋ'gi</td><td>Ghatshila Ho</td><td><h6>(also spelt as Ghatsila) is a census town in Purbi Singhbhum district in the state of Jharkhand, India and it is a subdivisional of East singhbhum district.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>'siŋgi</td><td>Ma’lidu Ho</td><td><h6>India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>siŋ</td><td>Gutob</td><td><h6>Munda; Austro-Asiatic; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sin cando</td><td>Santali</td><td><h6>Santali is a language in the Munda subfamily of Austroasiatic languages, related to Ho and Mundari. It is spoken by around 6.2 million people in India, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Nepal, although most of its speakers live in India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Sina</td><td>Hateruma Yaeyama</td><td><h6>a language at an island to the East of Taiwan (China)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>can</td><td>Singpho</td><td><h6>Singpho is a dialect of the Jingpho language spoken by the Singpho people of Arunachal Pradesh and Assam.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cando</td><td>Abirpara Mahali</td><td><h6>The East India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cando</td><td>Matindor Mahali</td><td><h6>The East India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cando</td><td>Pachondor Mahali</td><td><h6>The East India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cando</td><td>Paharpur Santali</td><td><h6>India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cando</td><td>Patichora Santali</td><td><h6>India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cando</td><td>Rashidpur Santali</td><td><h6>India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cando</td><td>Rautnagar Santali</td><td><h6>India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>candu</td><td>Rajarampur Santali</td><td><h6>India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Candu</td><td>Bodobelghoria Santali</td><td><h6>Estern part of India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Candu</td><td>Koda</td><td><h6>India, the West Bengal state</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Cando</td><td>Jabri Santali</td><td><h6>India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>c3hNi</td><td>Naga Ao</td><td><h6>The Aos are one of the major Naga tribes of Nagaland, Northeast India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>C3Ni</td><td>Bit</td><td><h6>Bit (Khabit, Bid, Psing, Buxing) is an Austroasiatic language spoken by around 1,500 people in Phongsaly Province, Northern Laos and in Mengla County, China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>CuNE</td><td>War Jaintia</td><td><h6>War Jaintia (also spelled Waar), War-Jaintia or Amwi is an Austroasiatic language spoken by about 16,000 people in Bangladesh and 26,000 people in India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Ca; Canyu</td><td>Chang</td><td><h6>the North-East India (Nagaland state)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cikin hy~e</td><td>Naga Sumi</td><td><h6>Northeastern India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cikth~au</td><td>Chaoyang Chinese</td><td><h6>South-eastern China, seashore area of South-Chinese sea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>citth~au</td><td>Dongshan Chinese</td><td><h6>language at the Southwestern China, at the seashore of the South-China sea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>th~3ufan</td><td>Luocheng Mulao</td><td><h6>one of the Mulam dialects (Southern China and Northern Vietnam)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>k3z3; th~3ufan</td><td>Mulao</td><td><h6>one of the Gelao languages spoken by the Gelao people in Southern China and Northern Vietnam.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>k3z3</td><td>Mulao Kadai</td><td><h6>China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>k3 ri</td><td>Sulung</td><td><h6>The Sulung language, also called Puroik, is a language spoken by the Puroik people of Arunachal Pradesh in India and of Lhunze County, Tibet, in China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>k3ri (k3rri)</td><td>Puroik</td><td><h6>The Puroik language, also called Sulung, is a language spoken by the Puroik people of Arunachal Pradesh in India and of Lhunze County, Tibet, in China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>harei (*)</td><td>Cham</td><td><h6>Spoken in Vietnam. Malayo-Sumbawan; Austronesian; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aia harei</td><td>Phan Rang Cham</td><td><h6>Phan Rang Cham (or, Eastern Cham) is a Chamic language spoken in Southern Vietnam</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ea hr~ay</td><td>Western Cham</td><td><h6>Cham, Western is a language of Cambodia (Asia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hafei; harei; hari</td><td>Kaure</td><td><h6>Kaure; Kaure; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ha*y</td><td>Nyah Kur (Tha Pong)</td><td><h6>Monic; Austro-Asiatic; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hnub</td><td>Hmong/Mong</td><td><h6>a dialect continuum of the West Hmongic branch of the Miao languages, sometimes known as the Chuanqiandian Cluster, which is spoken by the Hmong people of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Northern Vietnam, Thailand, and Laos.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hxo bbu</td><td>Nuosu Yi</td><td><h6>Nuosu Yi (Sichuan Yi, Nuosu, Northern Yi) is mainly spoken in Sichuan and Yunnan Province, China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>haul (pronounced 'heil')</td><td>Welsh</td><td><h6>(also Wales language or Cymraeg language) used in Wales (western part of Britain)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>heol</td><td>Breton</td><td><h6>one of the six extant Celtic languages (the others being Cornish, Welsh, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Manx). Breton is spoken in Brittany in northwestern France.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>howl (hawl)</td><td>Kernowek †</td><td><h6>(Cornish) is a Southwestern Brittonic Celtic language in south-west England.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kolo</td><td>Hyperborea</td><td><h6>one of the early name of the sun (The Kola Peninsula)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yuneg</td><td>Kinnauri (Kanauri)</td><td><h6>the Tibetic language in the Northern India (Himalayas)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oyon</td><td>Savara</td><td><h6>Savara language may refer to either of two languages spoken by some aboriginal tribal peoples in eastern India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hanayaN</td><td>Bugun</td><td><h6>Bugun (or Khowa), is a small Sino-Tibetan language spoken in India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>th~ini</td><td>Chantyal</td><td><h6>Bodic; Sino-Tibetan; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tihya</td><td>Tamu Kyi</td><td><h6>(Gurung) Sino-Tibetan language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tihya</td><td>Ghachok</td><td><h6>Nepal</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tiyaz</td><td>Palaic</td><td><h6>dead Middle Eastern language at the territiry of modern Turkey (Anatolian brench of Indo-Europian languages). </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tha</td><td>Proto Galian</td><td><h6>(ancient Gallia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>тыге</td><td>Shapsug</td><td><h6>The Shapsug is one of the western dialects of Adyghe language, also known es Circassian, which belongs to the Caucasian language family, spoken in the Northwest Caucasus</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>t3X3</td><td>Adyghe</td><td><h6>North-west Caucasus</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>d3X3</td><td>Kabardian</td><td><h6>Northwest Caucasian; Northwest Caucasian; Eurasia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>дыгъэ</td><td>Kabardian-Circassian </td><td><h6>the language of Kabardins and Circassians (Abhaz-Adygh group of Caucasian languages).</h6> </td> </tr><tr><td>ndeya</td><td>Ubykh </td><td><h6>Ubykh is an extinct Northwest Caucasian language once spoken by the Ubykh people (who originally lived along the eastern coast of the Black Sea before migrating to Turkey in the 1860s).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ghrian</td><td>Irish</td><td><h6>(Celtic; Indo-European; Europe)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ghrian</td><td>Scottish</td><td><h6>Scotland</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>grian</td><td>Scottish Gaelic</td><td><h6>Scottish Gaelic is a Celtic language, like Irish and Manx. It is spoken by less than 60,000 people in Scotland, and the number of speakers is declining despite attempts to revive the language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>grian</td><td>Manx language</td><td><h6>(Gaelg, Gailck)- one of the Celtic languages, spoken on Manx island (Ellan Vannin) in Irish sea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>grian</td><td>Gaeilge</td><td><h6>Language of Scotchmen inhabiting North (Mauntain) part of Scotland and Hebrides.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>grian</td><td>Old Irish</td><td><h6>By the 10th century, Old Irish had evolved into Middle Irish, which was spoken throughout Ireland and in Scotland and the Isle of Man.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>an ghrian, grian</td><td>Irish-Gaelg</td><td><h6>Irish (Gaeilge), also referred to as Gaelic or Irish Gaelic, is a Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family, originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish people. </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>a'ghrian</td><td>Gaidhlig Celtic</td><td><h6>language related Scottish</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yolt3n</td><td>Even</td><td><h6>(formely known as Tungus language) Tungus-Manchurian branch of Altai language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yerpeye</td><td>Tundra Yukaghir</td><td><h6>(Northern Yukaghir) — 30 to 150 speakers as of 1989. Paleo Siberian language in Eastern Siberia, last spoken in the tundra belt extending between the lower Indigirka to the lower Kolyma basin. Formerly spoken in a much wider area extending to the Lena basin in the west.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jelozhe [jel'o:d'E]</td><td>Forest Yukaghir </td><td><h6>(Southern Yukaghir) also known as Kolym, Kolyma. 10 to 50 speakers as of 1989. Paleo Siberian language in Eastern Siberia, last spoken in the forest zone near the sources of the Kolyma, divided between the Sakha Republic and the Magadan Oblast, previously in the wider area of the upper Kolyma region.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ewia</td><td>Akan</td><td><h6>(also known as Twi and Fante) is the principal native language of Akan lands in Ghana and southeastern Cote d'Ivoire. The language came to the Caribbean and South America, notably in Suriname spoken by the Ndyuka and in Jamaica by the Jamaican Maroons known as Coromantee, with enslaved people from the region.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mze</td><td>Georgian</td><td><h6>Georgia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>m3Z</td><td>Svan</td><td><h6>The Svan language is a Kartvelian language spoken in the western Georgian region of Svaneti primarily by the Svan people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bza; bzora; mza; mzhora</td><td> Laz</td><td><h6>Laz (Lazuri) is spoken by approximately 220,000 native speakers, mostly in the Black Sea littoral area of Northeast Turkey, and with some 30,000 in Adjara, Georgia. Along with Mingrelian it forms the Zan branch of the South Caucasian (Kartvelian) language family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bza; mza</td><td>Mingrelian</td><td><h6>Mingrelian has about 500,000 native speakers, mainly in the Samegrelo region of Western Georgia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>m3Z</td><td>Svan</td><td><h6>This is one of Kartvelian languages. Spoken at the Northwest Georgia Mestia and Lentehskii districts that form the Svaneti historic region.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mash</td><td>Meroitic</td><td><h6>Extinct language of ancient kingdon Meroe, spoken in Nile Valley on the territory of modern Egypt and Sudan in the period of 8 century BC - 4 century AC</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mulh</td><td>Ingush</td><td><h6>Ingush is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken by about 300,000 people, known as the Ingush, across a region covering the Russian republics of Ingushetia and Chechnya.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mulh (malkh)</td><td>Chechen</td><td><h6>Nakh; Nakh-Daghestanian; Eurasia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matX</td><td>Bats</td><td><h6>Nakh Daghestanian, Nakh</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matx</td><td>Batsbi (batsba motjiti)</td><td><h6>North Caucasian language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>miLi</td><td>Andi</td><td><h6>(Andiy, Qandisel, Qwannab) is a Northeast Caucasian language (Avar-Andic) (Southwest Dagestan Republic, in 9 villages of Botlikhsky district)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>miLi</td><td>Akhvakh</td><td><h6>The Akhvakh language (also Axvax, Akhwakh) is a Northeast Caucasian language from the Avar–Andic branch. Ethnologue lists 6500 speakers.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>miLi</td><td>Southern Akhvakh</td><td><h6>the North-east group of Caucasian languages</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>miLi</td><td>Ghodoberi (Godoberi)</td><td><h6>a Northeast Caucasian language group. Spoken in the Republic of Dagestan, Russian Federation.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>miLi</td><td>Muni</td><td><h6>the language of the Muni village inhabitants, Botlikh region, Dagestan (RF)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>miLi</td><td>Tindi</td><td><h6>a Northeast Caucasian language group, Dagestan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>miLi</td><td>Chamalal</td><td><h6>a Northeast Caucasian language group (Dagestan)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>miLi</td><td>Tokitin Karata</td><td><h6>Karata is an Andic language of the Northeast Caucasian language family spoken in Southern Dagestan, Russia by 260 Karata in 2010. It has two dialects, Karatin and Tokitin, which are quite different.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>miLi</td><td>Karata</td><td><h6>a Northeast Caucasian language group, Dagestan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>милгь (milh)</td><td>Bagvalin</td><td><h6>a Northeast Caucasian language group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>milh~ (miL) </td><td>Bagwalal</td><td><h6>Dagestan (Russian Federation)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mihi</td><td>Botlikh</td><td><h6>Botlikh is spoken in villages of Botlikh region of Dagestan as well as on plain parts of Dagestan. A Northeast Caucasian language group (4000 speakers)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>3nq''</td><td>Khinalug</td><td><h6>a Northeast Caucasian language group, Azerbaijan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bunan</td><td>Dyirbal</td><td><h6>(Djirubal, Jirrbal) — one of the endangered languages of the aborigines of Australia, that is spouken on the North of the Queensland State of Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bZa</td><td>Megrelian</td><td><h6>(a.k.a. Mingrelian; Megrelian) is a Kartvelian language spoken in Western Georgia (regions of Samegrelo and Abkhazia), primarily by Mingrelians. The language was also called Iverian in the early 20th century.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>berhy</td><td>Dargwa</td><td><h6>One of 14 official languages of the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. Also spoken in Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>buqX~</td><td>Khvarshi</td><td><h6>a Northeast Caucasian language group, Dagestan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>buqX~</td><td>Tsez</td><td><h6>a Northeast Caucasian language group, Dagestan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>boqX~</td><td>Hunzib</td><td><h6>a Northeast Caucasian language group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>buqX~</td><td>Hinukh</td><td><h6>a Northeast Caucasian language group (Dagestan)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bargh</td><td>Lak</td><td><h6>a Northeast Caucasian language group, the Southern part of Dagestan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bergh</td><td>Udi</td><td><h6>Udi is a member of the Lezgic branch of the Northeast Caucasian language family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bEX</td><td>Udi</td><td><h6>a Northeast Caucasian language group. Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkmenistan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>barq</td><td>Archi</td><td><h6>Archi is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken by the Archis in the village of Archib, Southern Dagestan, Russia, and the six surrounding smaller villages.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>barghy</td><td>Dargin </td><td><h6>The Dargin (or Dargwa) language is spoken by the Dargin people in the Russian republic Dagestan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>barX~i</td><td>Muiri Dargi</td><td><h6>Republic of Dagestan (Russian Federation)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bari</td><td>Shiri</td><td><h6>Nothern Caucasus</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bari</td><td>Amuzgi</td><td><h6>Nothern Caucasus</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bari</td><td>Sanzhi Dargi</td><td><h6>spoken in the central part of Daghestan in the Caucasus (Russia).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bari</td><td>Xajdak Dargi</td><td><h6>Dagestan (Russia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bar</td><td>Icari Dargi</td><td><h6>Dagestan (Russian Federation)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bari</td><td>Kajtak Dargi</td><td><h6>Dagestan (Russian Federation)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>begw~ala</td><td>Kubachi Dargi</td><td><h6>Dagestan (RF)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>be:gala</td><td>Ashti</td><td><h6>Dagestan, RF</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bel; berh</td><td>Raute</td><td><h6>Raute is a small Sino-Tibetan language of Dadeldhura District, Mahakali Zone, Nepal.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bel, beil</td><td>Rohingya</td><td><h6>Rohingya is a language spoken by the Rohingya Muslim people of Arakan (Rakhine), Burma (Myanmar).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>beli</td><td>Assamese</td><td><h6>India language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>belɔ</td><td>Keonjhar Juang</td><td><h6>Odisha state, eastern India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>beir</td><td>Sadri</td><td><h6>Sadri, also known as Nagpuri, is an Eastern Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Indian states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, Northern West Bengal, Assam and in Bangladesh.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>b3nw~ai</td><td>Changping Biao Mon</td><td><h6>China, suburbs of Beijing.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bugoi7</td><td>Menggong Wa</td><td><h6>in southern China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nw~ai</td><td>Biaomin (Biao Chao, Byau Min, Dongshan Biao Min)</td><td><h6>Southern China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nw~ai</td><td>Shuanglong Mien</td><td><h6>China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>b3</td><td>Ca Ha Gelao</td><td><h6>Northern Vietnam</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>b3</td><td>Pho Bang Gelao</td><td><h6>Southern China and Northern Vietnam (need to be confirmed)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>be</td><td>Lashi</td><td><h6>a Burmish language (China, Tibet)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ba</td><td>Maru</td><td><h6>Lhao Vo, also known as Maru and Langsu, is a Burmish language of Burma with a few thousand speakers in China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bao4; chen2; di; fu; ju; pu; ri</td><td>Xiandai Biaozhun Hanyu</td><td><h6>Chinese standart language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bel; siNi</td><td>Plains Remo</td><td><h6>India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bel</td><td>Chakma</td><td><h6>Bangladesh</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bel</td><td>Changma Kodha</td><td><h6>Bangladesh, India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bela</td><td>Mal Paharia</td><td><h6>India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>beLo</td><td>Juang</td><td><h6>East of India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>boq</td><td>Bezhta</td><td><h6>a Northeast Caucasian language group.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>boq</td><td>Khoshar-Khota</td><td><h6>Caucasus</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>boq</td><td>Tiyadal</td><td><h6>Northeast Caucasian language (RF)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>buck</td><td>Avar</td><td><h6>Avar is a language that belongs to the Avar–Andic group of the Northeast Caucasian family. It is spoken mainly in the western and southern parts of the Russian Caucasus republic of Dagestan, and the Balaken, Zaqatala regions of North-western Azerbaijan.</h6> </td> </tr><tr><td>b3qX~</td><td>Inkhokwari</td><td><h6>Dagestan (Russian Federation)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>buqX~</td><td>Sagadin Tsez</td><td><h6>an Northwestern Dagestan language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>buqX~</td><td>Mokok Tsez</td><td><h6>Republic of Dagestan (Russian Federation)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>buqXX$</td><td>Khwarshi</td><td><h6>Dagestan, Russian Federation</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>beaivvas </td><td>Sami</td><td><h6>or Saami or Same, is an Uralic language spoken by the Sami people (20,000 speakers) in parts of Northern Finland, Norway, Sweden and extreme Northwestern Russia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>peivi</td><td>Inari Saami</td><td><h6>the language in the North of Finland</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bieyi3</td><td>South Saami</td><td><h6>Norway</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>beaivvas (beaivi)</td><td>Lappish </td><td><h6>North Saami language, that is spoken in Sapmi (a Region which includes Northern Finland, Norway, Sweden and Northwestern Russia).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pjejjv</td><td>Saami (Kildin)</td><td><h6>Saami; Uralic; Eurasia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pieve</td><td>Lule Saami</td><td><h6>Sweden</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>peivv</td><td>Skolt Sami</td><td><h6>Over 250 speakers in Finland. Approximately 20-30 speakers in Petsamo (Pechengsky District), Russia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pEvaliki</td><td>Live</td><td><h6>Latvia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>paavaliki</td><td>Livonian</td><td><h6>(western Latvia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>paike</td><td>Estonian</td><td><h6>Estonian is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia. It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family. </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>paiv</td><td>Voro </td><td><h6>part of the Finnic branch of the Finno-Ugric languages, this language is spoken by 70000 people in Estonia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>paivaine</td><td> Karelian</td><td><h6>Finnic; Uralic; Eurasia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pEivEine</td><td>Veps</td><td><h6>The Veps language (also known as Vepsian), spoken by the Vepsians (also known as Veps), belongs to the Finnic group of the Uralic languages.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>paivyt, paiva, paivanen</td><td>Finnish</td><td><h6> </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>paavan</td><td>Olonets </td><td><h6>a dialect of Karelian language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>peive</td><td>Lapland</td><td><h6>Lapland is the largest and Northernmost region of Finland.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pellan</td><td>Kerek †</td><td><h6>Kerek language belongs to Chukchi-Kamchadal family. It can be considered as one of Koryak dialects.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nap</td><td>Hungarian</td><td><h6>Ugric; Uralic; Europe</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nop</td><td>Csango</td><td><h6>an old Hungarian dialect, is currently used by only a minority of the Csango population group.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>naprai</td><td>Kokota </td><td><h6>Spoken on the Island of Santa Isabel, Solomon Islands.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>choi</td><td>Buglere</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Chibchan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ey</td><td>Abau</td><td><h6>Abau is a Papuan language spoken in the Sandaun Province of Papua New Guinea, primarily along the shores of the Sepik River. In 2002, there were estimated to be between 4,500 and 5,000 speakers... </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eguzkia, eguzki</td><td>Basque</td><td><h6>(self-name: Euskara) the language of Basque people, inhabit the North part of Spain and South region of France. An isolated language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>letsatsi</td><td>Sesotho (South Sotho)</td><td><h6>Lesotho, language of Bantu family, Republic of South Africa, Botswana. Also in Lesotho, where it is the national language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>letsatsi; lelaka (archaic) </td><td>Sepedi, Northern Sotho</td><td><h6>The language of Bantu family (Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa). Spoken by over 4.2 million people in the South African provinces of Mpumalanga, Limpopo and Gauteng.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>letsatsi</td><td>Tswana</td><td><h6>The language of Bantu group (Sotho-Tswana subgroup), spoken at the South of Africa (Botswana, SAR).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>letsatsi, ma-</td><td>Setswana</td><td><h6>the most widely dispersed Bantu language in Southern Africa. Official Language of Republic of Botswana and Spoken in South Africa, Zimbabwe and Namibia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tsatsi</td><td>Tswana</td><td><h6>Spoken in Botswana, South Africa, Zimbabwe and Namibia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iLanga</td><td>Xhosa</td><td><h6>one of the official languages of the South Africa. There are about 7,9 million speakers.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ilanga</td><td>Zulu</td><td><h6>the language is a member of the Niger-Congo languages family. The Zulu language used to be solely an oral language untill contact came from Euripean Christian missioneries in the 19th centure. 10 million people speak Zulu and most of them live in South Africa.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>li-langa</td><td>Swazi</td><td><h6>Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>li</td><td>Gbayi</td><td><h6>Central African republic</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>li</td><td>Kpatili</td><td><h6>Kpatili (Kpatere, Ngindere) is a Zande language spoken in the Central African Republic.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ligbn</td><td>Adyukru</td><td><h6>Adjukru (Adioukrou, Adyoukrou, Adyukru, Ajukru) is a language of uncertain classification within the Kwa branch of the Niger-Congo family. It is spoken in Cote d'Ivoire.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>liko</td><td>Lombi</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lil3</td><td>Bua</td><td><h6>in southern Chad (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>limi</td><td>Nyamwezi</td><td><h6>Nyamwezi is a major Bantu language of central Tanzania.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>limi (imi)</td><td>Sukuma</td><td><h6>Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>likumbi</td><td>Luvale</td><td><h6>Luvale (also spelt Chiluvale, Lovale, Lubale, Luena, Lwena) is a Bantu language spoken by the Lovale people of Angola and Zambia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>riua</td><td>Kikuyu (Gikuyu)</td><td><h6>Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa (Kenya)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rikumbi</td><td>Kimbundu</td><td><h6>Luanda, Bengo, Malanje, Cuanza Norte in Angola (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kumb~i</td><td>Kiholu</td><td><h6>(Holo, Hongu, Kiholo) border region of Angola and Congo (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kumb~i</td><td>Nkhumbi</td><td><h6>Nkumbi, or Khumbi, is a Bantu language of Angola</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kumb~i</td><td>Umbundu</td><td><h6>Umbundu, or South Mbundu (autonym umbundu), one of two Bantu languages of Angola called Mbundu (see Kimbundu), is the most widely spoken language of Angola.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kumbi</td><td>Kiholo (Holu)</td><td><h6>This language is spoken in the Democratic Republic of Congo and in Angola.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kumbi</td><td>Pende</td><td><h6>Pende (Phende) is a Bantu language of the Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dib</td><td>Kanyok</td><td><h6>Kanyok (Kanioka) is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>etango</td><td>Kwanyama (Oshikwanyama) </td><td><h6>Language of Namibia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>etang~o</td><td>Mbalanhu</td><td><h6>Alternate names: Mbaanhu, Mbalanhu, Mbalantu, Mbaluntu. Spoken in Namibia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>EtaNg~o</td><td>Kuanyama</td><td><h6>Namibia (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eT</td><td>Baga Maduri</td><td><h6>Guinea (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eT</td><td>Baga Manduri</td><td><h6>Guinea, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eTi</td><td>Leyigha</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eTu</td><td>Kadaru</td><td><h6>Northern Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>etu</td><td>Lugbara</td><td><h6>Lugbara is the language of the Lugbara people. It is spoken in the West Nile region in Northwestern Uganda</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lizazi</td><td>Lozi</td><td><h6>Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>srengenge</td><td>Juvanese </td><td><h6>is the language of the Juvanese people from the central and eastern parts of the island of Java, in Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>srengenge</td><td>The Banyumasan language</td><td> <h6>colloquially known as Basa Ngapak, spoken on the island of Java, is usually considered a dialect of Javanese in modern language classification.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jant; janta; naaj</td><td>Wolof</td><td><h6>One of the official languages of Republic of Senegal. Spoken also in Gambia and neibouring countries of West Africa.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>janta; naj</td><td>Wolof Gambian</td><td><h6>Gambia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jant (diante)</td><td>Wolof</td><td><h6>one of languages Atlantic group of Niger-Congo language family, one of the official languages of Senegal.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>naange; pat (?)</td><td>Fulfulde</td><td><h6>(also known as Peul, Fula, Fulani, Pulaar or Pular). The language belongs to the West-Atlantic group of the Niger-Congo family (like Wolof). It is spoken by 13 million people in West Africa, from Senegal and Guinea to Cameroon and Sudan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>naange nge</td><td>Pulaar </td><td><h6>(Northern Senegal dialect)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>naange</td><td>Jelgoore</td><td><h6>Fulfulde: Jelgoore (Western and Central Africa).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>naange</td><td>Yaagaare</td><td><h6>dialect of Fulfulde (Western and Central Africa).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>naange</td><td>Gurmaare</td><td><h6>dialect of Fulfulde (Western and Central Africa).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>naange</td><td>Moosiire</td><td><h6>dialect of Fulfulde (Western and Central Africa).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ja</td><td>Senoufo Tagwana</td><td><h6>Cote d'Ivoire.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>janak</td><td>Kerak</td><td><h6>Senegal</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>je*so*</td><td>Kweso Ngulo</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jes</td><td>Bikele (Bekol)</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jE</td><td>Pomo (Africa)</td><td><h6>South-eastern Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ji8wa*n; Sefya*n</td><td>A61 Ngoro Asom</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jido</td><td>Konobo</td><td><h6>Konobo, or Eastern Krahn, is a Kru language of Liberia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jl3 </td><td>Neyo </td><td><h6>Neyo is a Kru language of Cote d'Ivoire, near the mouth of the Sassandra River.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jl3; ylʊ</td><td>Kru</td><td><h6>Niger-Congo; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jobE</td><td>Nsari</td><td><h6>Saari, or Nsari, is an Eastern Beboid language of Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jolo</td><td>Basaa</td><td><h6>Basaa (Bassa, Basa, Bissa), or Mbene, is a Bantu language spoken in Cameroon by the Basaa people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>da; nyamla</td><td>Donga</td><td><h6>Donga (Dong) Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>da</td><td>Pangseng</td><td><h6>the language in eastern regions of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>da</td><td>Rang</td><td><h6>Rang is an Adamawa language of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dadi</td><td>Yaka Axk</td><td><h6>Language use in the Epena district of Northern Congo (and in southwestern CAR).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>damb~u</td><td>Ronga</td><td><h6>Ronga (XiRonga; sometimes ShiRonga or GiRonga) is a south-eastern Bantu language in the Tswa-Ronga family spoken just south of Maputo in Mozambique.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>daNw~a</td><td>Kwese</td><td><h6>Kwese is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>daXay</td><td>Ethiopic</td><td><h6>Northern Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>L'3hay; daXay</td><td>Gi'iz</td><td><h6>The Ge'ez language (or Gi'iz language) is an ancient language that developed in the Ethiopian Highlands of the Horn of Africa as the language of the peasantry.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>L'3hay; s'EXay; daXay </td><td>Geez</td><td><h6>Northern Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>de </td><td>Cefo </td><td><h6>Burkina Faso</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>litaNwa</td><td>Mbuunda</td><td><h6>(Chimbunda, Gimbunda, Kimbunda, Mbunda) Angola, Zambia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>desu</td><td>Obang</td><td><h6>a Niger-Congo language that belongs to a geographically defined group of languages in the Northwest Region of Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>det</td><td>Baga Binari</td><td><h6>Niger-Congo; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dEC</td><td>Baga Sitemu</td><td><h6>Southern Atlantic; Niger-Congo; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dew</td><td>Tumak</td><td><h6>Tumak, also known as Toumak, Tumag, Tummok, Sara Toumak, Tumac, and Dije, is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the southwestern Chadian prefectures of Moyen-Chari and Koumra</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>didugu7</td><td>Nkongho</td><td><h6>Nkongho, or Upper Mbo, is a poorly known Bantu language of Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dipal; lepal</td><td>Northern Bullom</td><td><h6>The Bullom languages are a small group of Mel languages spoken in Sierra Leone. The languages are closely related to Kissi.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>depal; lipal; m- pal; pal</td><td>Southern Bullom</td><td><h6>Sierra Leone</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dipal</td><td>Mmani</td><td><h6>Sierra Leone</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lipal</td><td>Sherbro</td><td><h6>The Sherbro language (also known as Southern Bullom, Shiba, Amampa, Mampa, and Mampwa) is an endangered language of Sierra Leone.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lipan</td><td>Krim</td><td><h6>The Dilan Hassan language (also known as Krim, Suc, Kex, or Skim) is an endangered language of Sierra Leone.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>diw</td><td>Noni</td><td><h6>The Noni language, also called Noone, is an Eastern Beboid language of the Niger-Congo family in Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>diyie (yaye)</td><td>Ditammari</td><td><h6>Benin (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>do*kusu</td><td>Gen</td><td><h6>Gen is a Gbe language spoken in the southeast of Togo in the Maritime Region. It is also spoken in the Mono Department of Benin.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>doa; daua</td><td>Somrai</td><td><h6>Somrai (Sumrey), also known as Sibine (Shibne), is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the southwestern Chadian prefectures of Tandjile and Lai.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dule</td><td>Fur</td><td><h6>Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dulu</td><td>Bafaw</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dulu</td><td>Bafo</td><td><h6>a Bantu language of Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dulu</td><td>Balong</td><td><h6>Bafaw-Balong is a Bantu language of Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>duN</td><td>Doko Uyanga</td><td><h6>Sothern Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>duntEn</td><td>Kiong</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>duo; ghuis</td><td>Bekwil</td><td><h6>Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>duo; jw~ehe</td><td>Koozime</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>duop</td><td>Makaa</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dy~ue</td><td>Ekoi</td><td><h6>Nigeria, on the border with Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aduu; biiftuu</td><td>Oromo</td><td><h6>the language of Oromo (Afan Oromo) people living in Ethopia and in the North of Kenia. The language of Cushtic branch of Afro-Asiatic language macro family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>adu; biftu</td><td>West Oromo</td><td><h6>Eastern Cushitic; Afro-Asiatic; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>adu</td><td>Eastern Oromo</td><td><h6>Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>adu</td><td>Mecha Oromo</td><td><h6>Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>adu</td><td>Orma</td><td><h6>Orma is a variety of Oromo spoken by the Orma people in Kenya and Somalia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>adu</td><td>Oromo (Harar)</td><td><h6>Eastern Cushitic; Afro-Asiatic; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>adu7</td><td>Borana Oromo</td><td><h6>Southern Ethiopia and Northern Kenya</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>adu</td><td>Borana</td><td><h6>Borana, or Southern Oromo, is a variety of Oromo spoken in Southern Ethiopia and Northern Kenya by the Borana people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ud; utu</td><td>Sumerian</td><td><h6>Sumerian is the language of ancient Sumer and a language isolate that was spoken in Southern Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>utu</td><td>Andri</td><td><h6>South Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>utu</td><td>Balimba</td><td><h6>South Sudan, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>utu</td><td>Ojiga</td><td><h6>A language of South Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>abbi</td><td>Hozo</td><td><h6>an Afroasiatic language spoken in Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>abe (abo)</td><td>Kafa</td><td><h6>Kafa or Kefa (Kafi noono) is an Afroasiatic language spoken in Ethiopia at the Keffa Zone.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>abe; abo</td><td>Mocha</td><td><h6>Ethiopia (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>abi</td><td>Male Ethiopia</td><td><h6>Southern Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>abo</td><td>Anfillo </td><td><h6>(also known as Mao or Southern Mao) language in western part of Ethiopia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>adEba</td><td>Amadi</td><td><h6>Amadi, also known as Ma, Madi, Madyo, is a Ubangian language spoken in DRC Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>adja (adza)</td><td>Kresh</td><td><h6>Kresh, also known as Kresh-Ndogo and Gbaya-Ndogo, is a Central Sudanic language of South Sudan and the prestige variety of the Kresh languages.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>adza</td><td>Gbaya</td><td><h6>The Gbaya languages, also known as Gbaya-Manza-Ngbaka, are a family of perhaps a dozen languages spoken mainly in the western Central African Republic and across the border in Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>afai</td><td>Kariya</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>afi</td><td>Ngiti</td><td><h6>The Ngiti, or South Lendu, is an ethnolinguistic group located in the Ituri Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Ngiti speakers call their language Ndruna.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>a-iŋgi (siNg~i)</td><td>Ngile</td><td><h6>Ngile, also known as Daloka, Taloka, Darra, Masakin, Mesakin [a dialect], is a Niger-Congo unwritten language in the Talodi family spoken in Kordofan, Sudan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ai; ayo</td><td>Karo</td><td><h6>Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>air</td><td>Walani Silte</td><td><h6>One of the Ethiopian Semitic languages, its speakers are the Silt'e, who mainly inhabit the Silte Zone in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region. Speakers of the Wolane dialect mainly inhabit the Kokir Gedebano district of Gurage Zone, as well as the neighbouring Seden Sodo district of Oromia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aiying~o; ayiNg~e</td><td>Masalit</td><td><h6>western Darfur, Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aotE7</td><td>El Molo (Elmolo)</td><td><h6>Somalia, Northern Kenya</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>apas</td><td>Mbreme</td><td><h6>Cameroon (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>apas</td><td>Vame</td><td><h6>Vame is an Afroasiatic language spoken in Northern Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>apas</td><td>Vame-Hurzo</td><td><h6>Cameroon (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>en-dama, ndama</td><td>Maasai language</td><td> <h6>Maasai is a east Nilotic language, spoken in south Kenia and North Tanzania by Maasai people. (Nilotic; Nilo-Saharan; Africa).</h6> </td> </tr><tr><td>veci</td><td>Fali of Kirya</td><td><h6>(Kirya-Konzel) the North-east Nigiria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>puus</td><td>Mwaghavul</td><td><h6>West Chadic; Afro-Asiatic; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bwe</td><td>Ron</td><td><h6>West Chadic; Afro-Asiatic; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>di</td><td>Awak</td><td><h6>Awak (Awok) is one of the Savanna languages of eastern Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iTie</td><td>Bekwarra</td><td><h6>Bekwarra is a Bendi (Benue–Congo) language of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>utin</td><td>Efik</td><td><h6>Nigeria (Cross River; Niger-Congo; Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tin; utin</td><td>Oron</td><td><h6>Oro (Oron) is a Lower Cross River language of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tin; utin</td><td>Efai</td><td><h6>Nigeria and Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tin</td><td>Etebi</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tin</td><td>Ekit</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tin</td><td>Iko</td><td><h6>Iko is a Lower Cross River language of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tin</td><td>Uda</td><td><h6>Uda is a Lower Cross River language of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tin</td><td>Ukwa</td><td><h6>Ukwa is a minor Ibibio-Efik language of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tin</td><td>Usakade</td><td><h6>Usaghade is a Lower Cross River language of Cameroon, with a small number of speakers on the border in Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tin</td><td>Berti</td><td><h6>Berti is an extinct Saharan language formerly spoken in Northern Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tin</td><td>Ebughu</td><td><h6>Southern Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tin</td><td>Enwang</td><td><h6>Southern Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tin; utin</td><td>Ibibio</td><td><h6>Cross River; Niger-Congo; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tin; utin</td><td>Ibino</td><td><h6>Ibino (Ibeno), once known as Delta Ibibio, is a Lower Cross River language of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tin; utin</td><td>Ibuoro</td><td><h6>Ibuoro is an Ibibio-Efik language of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>utin</td><td>Ito</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tin; utin</td><td>Ilue</td><td><h6>Ilue is a Lower Cross River language of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tun; utun</td><td>Itu Mbon Uzo</td><td><h6>Nigeria, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tin; tun</td><td>Anaang </td><td><h6>the native language of the Anaang people of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cin</td><td>Gyazi</td><td><h6>one of the West Chadic languages</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cin</td><td>Geji</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hoti</td><td>Ngamo</td><td><h6>one of the Yobe languages, Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ho</td><td>Fakai A</td><td><h6>ut-Ma’in or Fakai is a dialect continuum spoken by 36,000 people in the Fakai district of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ho</td><td>Kamuku</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ho</td><td>Regi</td><td><h6>(Kikara, Kilegi, Kiregi) Tanzania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ho</td><td>Gwamhi Wuri</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ho</td><td>Loko</td><td><h6>Sierra Leone</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ho</td><td>Alekano </td><td><h6>Alekano, or Gahuku (Gahuku-Gama), is a Papuan language spoken in the Northern district of Goroka Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ho</td><td>Gafuku</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ho</td><td>Gimi</td><td><h6>Gimi (Labogai) is a Papuan language spoken in Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ho</td><td>Yabiyufa</td><td><h6>Yaben is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hottu</td><td>Badaga</td><td><h6>Southern Dravidian; Dravidian; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hottu (*)</td><td>Kannada</td><td><h6>Dravidian; India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ottu</td><td>Kurumba Alu</td><td><h6>Southern India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hobu</td><td>Xide</td><td><h6>Xide County (south-western China)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vacu</td><td>Fataluco (-u)</td><td><h6>Spoken in East Timor (a state in South-West Asia, occupying the East half of Timor island)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>doabo </td><td>Badwee</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>duao; jweahea</td><td>Koonzime</td><td><h6>Cameroon branch</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>diNkaNga (kaNg~a)</td><td>Botongo Dibole</td><td><h6>Northern Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kaNg~a; diNkaNga; moi</td><td>Dzeke Dibole</td><td><h6>Republic of the Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>moi (?); buny (?)</td><td>Bamwe</td><td><h6>one of the Bantu languages in Southern part of Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>moi</td><td>Edzama Dibole</td><td><h6>Republic of the Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>moi</td><td>Kinami Dibole</td><td><h6>Republic of the Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>moi</td><td>Mounda Dibole</td><td><h6>Republic of the Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mui</td><td>Bogongo </td><td><h6>in southern Central African Republic</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mui</td><td>Isongo</td><td><h6>Central African Republic</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mui</td><td>Pande</td><td><h6>Pande, also known as Pande-Gongo after its two dialects, is a Bantu language of the Central African Republic.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>muni, moni, mui</td><td>Bangala</td><td><h6>Bangala is a Bantu language spoken in the Northeast part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, in Southern Sudan, and the extreme western part of Uganda.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mwh; mi</td><td>Kendem</td><td><h6>Kendem, or Bokwa-Kendem, is a minor Southern Bantoid language of the Mamfe family. It is spoken in three villages in Cameroon, Kendem, Kekpoti and Bokwa.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mvi*</td><td>Siene</td><td><h6>West of Democratic Republic of Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mwi</td><td>Ombamba</td><td><h6>Congo and Gabon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mv~i </td><td>Ce </td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mwe*</td><td>A51 Bafia Zakaan</td><td><h6>a Bantu language spoken in Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mwe</td><td>Denya-Basho</td><td><h6>a Bantoid language of Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mwe</td><td>Ilwana</td><td><h6>Ilwana (Kiwilwana), or Malakote, is a minor Bantu language of Kenya.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mweyi</td><td>Galwa</td><td><h6>Gabon (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>muyu</td><td>Kaningi</td><td><h6>Gabon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>muni</td><td>Vili Mayumba</td><td><h6>Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>muni</td><td>Vili</td><td><h6>The language has a few thousand native speakers in spread along the coast between Southern Gabon and Northern Angola, most of them in the Republic of the Congo's Kouilou, Pointe-Noire and Niari departments.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>munu </td><td>Nawdm </td><td><h6>The language of Losso people in Togo and Ghana.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mu</td><td>Mbe</td><td><h6>Mbe is a language spoken by the Mbube people of the Ogoja, Cross River State region of Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>muno </td><td> Nduumo </td><td><h6>Nduumo (Mindumbu) is a Bantu language spoken in Gabon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>muk</td><td>Mburku</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>muk</td><td>Zumbun</td><td><h6>Zumbun (also rendered Jimbin, Jimbinawa) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Bauchi State, Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>muku;; vici</td><td>Bana</td><td><h6>Bana is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Northern Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>munoon</td><td>Bafanji (Fanji)</td><td><h6>the language of the Bafanji people in the Northwest Region of Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>munz~u</td><td>Wetawit</td><td><h6>Wetawit is an ethnic group in Ethiopia and Sudan. They speak Berta, also known as Wetawit, a Nilo-Saharan language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mw~ado</td><td>Dhaiso</td><td><h6>Northeastern Tanzania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mw~ot</td><td>Lefa</td><td><h6>The Fa' language, Lefa' (also Fak or Lefa), is one of the Bantu languages of Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mwana</td><td>Ndembu</td><td><h6>Northwestern Zambia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wika; wose</td><td>Tem</td><td><h6>Gur; Niger-Congo; Africa (Togo, Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>igwe</td><td>Ayu </td><td><h6>Central Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bai</td><td>Mabo (?)</td><td><h6>Central Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bai</td><td>Gbanziri</td><td><h6>Gbanziri (Gbanzili) is a Ubangian language of the Central African Republic and Democratic Republic of the Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bai</td><td>Loo</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bai</td><td>Ngbaka Bokanga </td><td><h6>Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bai</td><td>Ngbaka Gilima</td><td><h6>Niger-Congo; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bai</td><td>Ngbaka Mabo </td><td><h6>at the border between Congo and Central African republic</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wai</td><td>Adara (?) (or Kadara), Eda</td><td><h6>A Plateau language of Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>boi</td><td>Duun</td><td><h6>Duun is a Mande language of Mali.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>boi</td><td>Duungoma</td><td><h6>Southern Mali (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>boi</td><td>Dzuun</td><td><h6>Burkina Faso (the western part of the country)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>boi</td><td>Dzuungoo</td><td><h6>Burkina Faso (the western part of the country), Africa.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zu</td><td>Gade</td><td><h6>Nupoid; Niger-Congo; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>azu</td><td>Kadaru</td><td><h6>East Sudanic family, Nubian group.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zua (ua)</td><td>Kwere</td><td><h6>Kwere, or Nghwele (Ngh’wele), is a Bantu language of the Morogoro and Dodoma regions of Tanzania.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>azo; azu</td><td>Dasenech</td><td><h6>Dasenech (Daasanach) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken by the Daasanach in Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>usu</td><td>Beni</td><td><h6>Algeria ?</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>usu</td><td>Walo Kumbe</td><td><h6>Dogon language spoken in Mali</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>usu</td><td>Walo</td><td><h6>part of the Dogon group, spoken in Northern Mali.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ushile (sh - ?) </td><td>Anii </td><td><h6>The Anii or Basila language (also Baseca, Ouinji-Ouinji ~ Winji-Winji) is spoken in central eastern Ghana, Benin, and central western Togo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uSili</td><td>Lere Takaya</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>usi (udi)</td><td>Lega Mwenga</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>usi</td><td>Lega Shabunda</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ilisuva; suva</td><td>Hehe</td><td><h6>Hehe is a Bantu language spoken by the Hehe people of the Iringa region of Tanzania.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>liuva; uva</td><td>Oluluyia</td><td><h6>Kenya (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lyubha; ubha</td><td>Bende</td><td><h6>Tanzania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lyuwa</td><td>Matengo</td><td><h6>Matengo is a Bantu language of Tanzania.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>liuwa</td><td>Mwera</td><td><h6>Not to be confused with Mwera (Nyasa) language. Mwera Cimwera spoken in Tanzania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lua**</td><td>Tuburi-Fianga</td><td><h6>Chad (Africa) Other names for the Tuburi language: (Bang-Ling, Bang-Were, Faale-Piyew, Honya, Mata, Ndoore, Ndore, Podokge, Tongoyna, Toubouri, Toupouri, Tupuri).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uba</td><td>Nande</td><td><h6>a Bantu language; Congo, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>juba</td><td>Luba-Lulua</td><td><h6>the language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>juba</td><td>Holoholo</td><td><h6>Holoholo is a Bantu language of DR Congo and formerly in Tanzania spoken by the Holoholo people on either side of Lake Tanganyika.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>juba</td><td>Songola Ulindi</td><td><h6>a minor Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>juba</td><td>Tumbwe</td><td><h6>The Tumbwe people are an ethnic group living mostly in Tanganyika District of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>juwa</td><td>Kaonde</td><td><h6>Kaonde (kiiKaonde) is a Bantu language spoken primarily in Zambia but also in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cuba</td><td>Songola Kasenga</td><td><h6>Songola (Songoora), or North Binja, is a minor Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>guba</td><td>Songye</td><td><h6>Songe, also known as Songye, Kisonge, Lusonge, Yembe, and Northeast Luba, is a Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zua</td><td>Zaramo</td><td><h6>Pwani Region and Dar es Salaam in Tanzania (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uva; li-am</td><td>Luragoli</td><td><h6>Kenya and Uganda</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uva; li-am (?)</td><td> Kanuri</td><td><h6>Spoken in Chad, Cameroon, Niger, Nigeria and Sudan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zuva KKoMZ</td><td>Shona (chiShona)</td><td><h6>One of the two official Languages of Zimbabwe. Also spoken in Mozambique, Zambia and Botswana. (Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zuwa</td><td>Tumbuka</td><td><h6>(Chitumbuka) Spoken in Malawi, Tanzania and Zambia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dzuva; ilidzuva</td><td>Bena</td><td><h6>Bena is a Bantu language spoken by the Bena people of the Iringa region of Tanzania. </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ezuva</td><td>Kwangali</td><td><h6>Kwangali, or RuKwangali, is a Bantu language spoken by 85,000 people along the Okavango River in Namibia, where it is a national language, and in Angola.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zuba</td><td>Shona Karanga</td><td><h6>one of the Central Shona variety (Zimbabwe)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zuba</td><td>Tumbuka Malawi</td><td><h6>The Tumbuka Malawi language is a Bantu language which is spoken in the Northern Region of Malawi.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zuba</td><td>Tumbuka Zambie</td><td><h6>The Tumbuka Zambie language is a Bantu language which is spoken in the Lundazi district of Zambia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zuba</td><td>Enya Kibombo</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suba</td><td>Enya Manda</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zuba</td><td>Fuliru</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo, at the border with Burundi</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zuba</td><td>Rundi</td><td><h6>Burundi (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zuba</td><td>Havu</td><td><h6>the Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zuba</td><td>Vira</td><td><h6>the Democratic Republic of Congo (near the Tanzania border)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zuba</td><td>Tonga</td><td><h6>Zambia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zuba</td><td>Mashi Drc</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zuba</td><td>Mbalangwe</td><td><h6>Namibia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zuba</td><td>Nkhonde</td><td><h6>A language of Tanzania.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zuba</td><td>Senga Chama</td><td><h6>Eastern Zambia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zuba</td><td>Senga Chipata</td><td><h6>Eastern Zambia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zuba</td><td>Shi</td><td><h6>Shi, or Nyabungu, is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>izuba (zuba)</td><td>Kinyarwanda</td><td><h6>(or Rwanda) is a Bantu language spoken by 7.2 million people. Kinyarwanda is mutually intelligible with Kirundi, an official language of Burundi. Spoken in Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>izuba</td><td>Hangaza</td><td><h6>Hangaza is a Bantu language spoken by the Hangaza people of Tanzania.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>izuba; uba</td><td>Ha</td><td><h6>Ha, also known with the Bantu language prefix as Giha, Ikiha, or Kiha, is a Bantu language spoken by the Ha people of the Kigoma Region of Tanzania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>izuba</td><td>Ila</td><td><h6>Ila (Chiila) is a language of Zambia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>i'zuba</td><td>Kinyindu</td><td><h6>This language is spoken in Lwindi, East of the Democratic Republic of Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>i-zuba </td><td>Kirundi</td><td><h6>Spoken in Burundi, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda and Congo-Kinshasa.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>duba (tth$uba)</td><td>Venda</td><td><h6>Venda, also known as Tshiven?a or Luven?a, is a Bantu language and an official language of South Africa.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lyoba</td><td>Lugungu [rub] </td><td><h6>in Buliisa, Masindi and Hoima districts in North Western Uganda where the number of mother-tongue speakers is approximately 49,000 people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eryuba</td><td> Lunyole [nuj] </td><td><h6>in Buteleja district in Eastern Uganda where the number of mother-tongue speakers is approximately 340,000 people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eryobha; obha</td><td>Sizaki</td><td><h6>Tanzania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iryobha (ryobha)</td><td>Ikizu</td><td><h6>Ikizu (Ikikizu, Kiikiizo) is a Bantu language spoken by the Ikizu peoples of Tanzania.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eryuba; engarayi y'omwisi</td><td>Kinande</td><td><h6>Congo and Uganda</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eryuba; uba</td><td>Saamia</td><td><h6>Samia (Saamia) is a Bantu language spoken by the Luhya people of Uganda and Kenya.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eryuba</td><td>Konzo</td><td><h6>The Konjo (Konzo) language, variously rendered Rukonjo, Olukonjo, Olukonzo and Lhukonzo, is a Bantu language spoken by the Konjo people of Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It has a 77% lexical similarity with Nande.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>izuva; i'azi</td><td>Ma'a</td><td><h6>Ma’a (or Mbugu) is a mixed language of Tanzania.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>izuva</td><td>Normal Mbugu</td><td><h6>The Mbugu people live scattered in the Usamhara mountains in Tanzania, where the dominant language is. Shambaa (Bantu). There are two varieties of the Mbugu language: A variety which is similar to the Bantu language Pare, called the 'normal' or 'high'. Mbugu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dzuwa; akol</td><td>South Central Dinka</td><td><h6>Nilotic; Nilo-Saharan; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dzuwa</td><td>Chichewa</td><td><h6>(also known as Chewa, Nyanja or Chinyanja), is a Bantu language spoken in south-central Africa. It is the national language of Malawi, the third most widely used language in Zimbabwe after Shona (a close relative) and Ndebele, and it is also spoken in Mozambique and Zambia. There are 9.3 million speakers.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dyibi</td><td>Jowulu</td><td><h6>Jowulu, also known as Jo or ambiguously as Samogho, is a minor Mande language of Mali</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dioba</td><td>Kukele</td><td><h6>The Kele language, Kukele (Bakele, Ukele), is an Upper Cross River language of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>digba</td><td>Barambu</td><td><h6>the Democratic Republic of Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dio</td><td>Dumbo</td><td><h6>(or Kemezung language) is a Southern Bantoid language of Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>diyuwa</td><td>Mashi</td><td><h6>Mashi (Kamaxi), or Kwandu, is a Bantu language of Zambia and Angola.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>diyuwa</td><td>Gova</td><td><h6>a Bantu language of Zambia and Angola. (?)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dyuba; mwinya</td><td>Siluba, Ciluba</td><td><h6>one of the Congo languages (Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aizobo; eizoba; eizooba; zoba</td><td>Chiga</td><td><h6>(also called Rukiga, Ruchiga, Kiga) Uganda, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eizoba (izoba)</td><td>Haya</td><td><h6>Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zoba</td><td>Runyankore</td><td><h6>Nkore (also called Nkole, Nyankore, Nyankole, Orunyankore, Orunyankole, Runyankore and Runyankole) is a Bantu language spoken by the Nkore and Hima peoples of south-western Uganda</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zoba</td><td>Rutooro</td><td><h6>Tooro, or Rutooro, is a Bantu language spoken mainly by the Toro people (Batooro) from the Toro Kingdom region of western Uganda.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zoba</td><td>Zinza</td><td><h6>Zinza (Dzinda) is a Bantu language of Tanzania, spoken on the Southern shore of Lake Victoria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>soba (zoba)</td><td>Ziba</td><td><h6>The North of Tanzania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zua</td><td>Bondei</td><td><h6>a Northeast Coast Bantu of Tanzania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zuva; uva</td><td>Nyiha Tanzania</td><td><h6>Tanzania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zuva</td><td>Nyungwe</td><td><h6>Nyungwe (Cinyungwe or Nhungue) is a Bantu language of Mozambique.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zuva (dhuva)</td><td>Pare</td><td><h6>Pare (Kipare), also known as Asu (Casu, Chasu, Athu, Chathu), is a Northeast Coast Bantu spoken by the Pare people of Tanzania.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zuva</td><td>Pare Sud</td><td><h6>Tanzania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zuva</td><td>Cindau </td><td><h6>Language of Mozambique</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zuva</td><td>Korekore</td><td><h6>Zimbabwe</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zuva; izuva</td><td>Asu</td><td><h6>?? Asu is the name of two languages: Asu language (Nigeria), spoken in Western Nigeria. Asu language (Tanzania), spoken by the Gweno people in the Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zoba</td><td>Hima Rdc</td><td><h6>Uganda</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zoba</td><td>Kikerewe</td><td><h6>Tanzania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zova</td><td>Malagasy Sakalava Majunga</td><td><h6>Madagascar</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zubha</td><td>Vinza</td><td><h6>Vinza is a Bantu language spoken by the Vinza people of Tanzania, approximately in the area of the town of Uvinza.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>risuba; suba</td><td>Kwaya</td><td><h6>Kwaya is a Bantu language of Tanzania.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lisuba; suba</td><td>Jita</td><td><h6>Jita is a Bantu language of Tanzania.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jova; lijova</td><td>Kisi</td><td><h6>a Bantu language of Tanzania.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zu; ezu</td><td>Bu</td><td><h6> Bu-Ninkada (Ibut, Abu, Jida) is a Plateau language of Nigeria. The two dialects, Bu and Ninkada, are ethnically distinct.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zuwa</td><td>Tumbuka </td><td><h6>(Chitumbuka) is a Bantu language which is spoken in the Northern Region of Valawi and also in the Lundazi district of Zambia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suva</td><td>Hehe</td><td><h6>Hehe is a Bantu language spoken by the Hehe people of the Iringa region of Tanzania.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suba; mwi</td><td>Lenje</td><td><h6>Zambia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eyuva</td><td>Otjiherero</td><td><h6>The Herero language (Helelo, Herero, Otjiherero) is a language of the Bantu subfamily of the Niger–Congo group. It is spoken by the Herero and Mbanderu peoples in Namibia and Botswana.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yuwa; zazi</td><td>Silozi</td><td><h6>Lozi, also known as siLozi and Rozi, is a Bantu language of the Niger–Congo language family, that is spoken by the Lozi people, primarily in southwestern Zambia and in surrounding countries.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yuva</td><td>Herero</td><td><h6>Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jua</td><td>Swahili Sud</td><td><h6>Tanzania (Indian ocean coast)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jua</td><td>Nyanja Nyasa</td><td><h6>south-central Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jua</td><td>Saghala</td><td><h6>Kenya, Tanzania.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jua</td><td>Kaguru</td><td><h6>Tanzania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jua</td><td>Upper Pokomo</td><td><h6>Upper Pokomo is a Bantu language spoken in Kenya.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jru** </td><td>Guere</td><td><h6>Kru; Niger-Congo; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jua</td><td>Swahili</td><td><h6>(Kiswahili) The major language of Bantu and the most important language of East and Central Africa.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jua</td><td>Shimaore</td><td><h6>(Maore Language or Mahorais in French), is the lingua franca of Mayotte, a French-ruled Comorian island. It is spoken by about 80,000 people. Shimaore is a Bantu language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aro</td><td>Saho</td><td><h6>The Saho language is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Eritrea, Sudan and Ethiopia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>arro</td><td>Alaba-K'abeena</td><td><h6>Alaba-K'abeena (Alaaba, Alaba, Allaaba, Halaba), also known as Wanbasana, is a Highland East Cushitic language spoken in Ethiopia in the Great Rift Valley southwest of Lake Shala</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>are</td><td>Kambaata (Kambata)</td><td><h6>Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ari</td><td>Miisiirii Tama</td><td><h6>Chad (on the border with Sudan)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ari</td><td>Ninka</td><td><h6>Ninka is a Plateau language of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ariSo</td><td>Gedeo</td><td><h6>Gedeo is a Highland East Cushitic language of the Afro-Asiatic family spoken in south central Ethiopia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ora; ra</td><td>Kolokuma-Opokuma</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ora (ra) </td><td>Kunbo</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ora</td><td>Kabou</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>or3; ora</td><td>Rendille</td><td><h6>Rendille (also known as Rendile, Randile) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken by the Rendille people inhabiting Northern Kenya.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ora</td><td>Aweer</td><td><h6>Kenya, the Garissa province</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>orah</td><td>Garre</td><td><h6>Somalia (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oroa; rua</td><td>West Tarakiri</td><td><h6>Banks of the Nun and Forcados Rivers in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>orua</td><td>Nkoro</td><td><h6>Nkore is a Bantu language spoken by the Nkore ('Banyankore') and Hima peoples of south-western Uganda in the former province of Ankole.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oru*</td><td>Oka</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iru</td><td>Dhivehi</td><td><h6>(Maldivian language), the official language of Maldives. It belongs to Indian (Indo-Arian) languages. The Dhivehi language is congenial to Sinegalese language, that is spoken in Sri Lanka and the roots of which are in Sanscrit.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iru</td><td>Bakwe </td><td><h6>Cote d'Ivoire (Cote d'Ivoire), Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>irua</td><td>Kirike</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>irua</td><td>Nembe</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>irua</td><td>Kalabari</td><td><h6>Kalabari is an Ijaw language of Nigeria spoken in Rivers State and Bayelsa State</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>irua</td><td>Okrika</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>urau</td><td>Kolokuma</td><td><h6>Southern Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>urau</td><td>Ekpetiama</td><td><h6>central Bayelsa State, Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>urau</td><td>Oyakiri</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>urau</td><td>Izon</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wurau</td><td>Apoi</td><td><h6>Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uwurau</td><td>East Tarakiri</td><td><h6>Nigeria, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uwurau; wura</td><td>Ogboin</td><td><h6>Southern Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uwurau</td><td>Gbarain</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uwurau</td><td>Ikibiri</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>owura; wura</td><td>Operemo</td><td><h6>Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>owurau</td><td>Oporomo</td><td><h6>Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oruwa</td><td>Biseni</td><td><h6>Biseni (Buseni) is one of three small Inland Ijaw languages of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iwura</td><td>Ijo</td><td><h6>the language spoken by the Ijaw people in Southern Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iwurau</td><td>Bumo</td><td><h6>The South of Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ovorn~i</td><td>Furupagha</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>agb~ala; wurau</td><td>East Olodiama</td><td><h6>Nigeria, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>agb~ala</td><td>Gbaranmatu</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>agb~ala</td><td>Iduwini</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>agb~ala</td><td>Ogbe Ijo</td><td><h6>Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>agb~ala</td><td>Ogulagha</td><td><h6>Southern Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>agb~ala</td><td>Arogbo</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>agb~ala; ern~e*i*</td><td>Iduwini</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>agb~ala; urau</td><td>Basan</td><td><h6>not found (Nigeria?)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iruba; iruwa; ruwa; rubha; uva</td><td>Taita</td><td><h6>Taita, or Dawida, is a Bantu language spoken in the Taita Hills of Kenya.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ruwa</td><td>Chagga</td><td><h6>The Chagga (also called Wachaga, Chaga, Jagga, Dschagga, Waschagga, or Wachagga) are Bantu-speaking indigenous Africans and the third largest ethnic group in Tanzania.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ruwa; wa</td><td>Kibosho</td><td><h6>Tanzania, Africa.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ruwa</td><td>Caga Kiwoso</td><td><h6>Tanzania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ruba</td><td>Gweno</td><td><h6>Tanzania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>i; irua livaa</td><td>Siha</td><td><h6>a Bantu language of Tanzania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uru</td><td>Beezen</td><td><h6>Beezen, spoken in the Cameroonian village of Kpek</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uru</td><td>Zande</td><td><h6>It is spoken by the Azande, primarily in the Northeast of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and western South Sudan, but also in the eastern part of the Central African Republic.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ura</td><td>Marama</td><td><h6>the language in western Kenya</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>urana</td><td>Cishingini</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>urana</td><td>Damakawa</td><td><h6>The Damakawa are a group of perhaps 500-1000 people living in three or four villages in Northwest Nigeria. (Possibly it is borrowed from Hausa language)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>urana</td><td>Salka</td><td><h6>(Kamberi) Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>urana</td><td>Tsuvadi</td><td><h6>The Vadi language, Tsuvadi, is a Kainji language of Nigeria spoken by the Kambari people. Kakihum (or Gadi), is a dialect.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rana</td><td>Kano</td><td><h6>Northern Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uruN; ru</td><td>Sambe</td><td><h6>Sambe is a presumably extinct Plateau language of Nigeria once spoken in the village of the same name.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ro:ke</td><td>Galke</td><td><h6>Galke, also known as Ndai or Pormi, is a nearly extinct Mbum language of northern Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yro</td><td>Kruman</td><td><h6>Cote d'Ivoire</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yunu</td><td>Jukun Takum</td><td><h6>Jukun (Njikum), or more precisely Jukun Takum, is a Jukunoid language of Cameroon used as a trade language in Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yuru</td><td>Guiberoua Bete</td><td><h6>Cote d'Ivoire (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yuruzaru**</td><td>Daloa</td><td><h6>(Bete) Cote d'Ivoire</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ir</td><td>Harari</td><td><h6>Semitic; Afro-Asiatic; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iri</td><td>Mararit</td><td><h6>Chad (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iri</td><td>Ibiri</td><td><h6>Eastern Sudanic language family: Taman group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iri</td><td>Abuu Shaarib</td><td><h6>Eastern Sudanic language family: Taman group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ariti (3riti)</td><td>Bayso (Baiso)</td><td><h6>Eastern Cushitic; Afro-Asiatic; Africa (Sudan)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ari</td><td>Tama</td><td><h6>Eastern Sudanic language family: Taman group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ari</td><td>Erenga</td><td><h6>Eastern Sudanic language family: Taman group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ari</td><td>Sungor</td><td><h6>Eastern Sudanic language family: Taman group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ari</td><td>Miisiirii</td><td><h6>Eastern Sudanic language family: Taman group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iry</td><td>Maay</td><td><h6>Somalia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>irioba; oba</td><td>Kuria</td><td><h6>Kuria is spoken by the Kuria peoples of Northern Tanzania, with some speakers also residing in Kenya.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iryobha; obha</td><td>Kuria Tarime</td><td><h6>Tarime and Musoma Rural districts (Northern Tanzania), near Kenya border</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>enjuba; musana</td><td>Oluganda</td><td><h6>Luganda (or Ganda, Oluganda) is one of the major languages in Uganda and is spoken by five million Baganda and other people principally in Southern Uganda, including the capital Kampala.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iliywa; liywa</td><td>Luyana</td><td><h6>Luyana (Luyaana), also known as Luyi (Louyi, Lui, Rouyi), is a Bantu language spoken in Zambia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>liywa</td><td>Kwandi</td><td><h6>Zambia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>liywa</td><td>Mbowe</td><td><h6>Mbowe (Esimbowe) is a Bantu language of Zambia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hdiywa</td><td>Mbumi</td><td><h6>Zambia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>elyuba</td><td>Luluhya</td><td><h6>Spoken in Kenya and Uganda.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>elyuba</td><td>Appleby</td><td><h6>Kenya and Uganda</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>elyuba</td><td>Lutura </td><td><h6>Kenya and Uganda</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eliuba</td><td>Luwanga</td><td><h6>Kenya and Uganda</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eliuba</td><td>Wanga</td><td><h6>Kenya and Uganda</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lyuba</td><td>Idakho</td><td><h6>Kenya and Uganda</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uuva (uwa. uba)</td><td>Yao</td><td><h6>Spoken in Malawi, Mozambique.(Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yuva (lyuba) </td><td>Logoli</td><td><h6>Western Kenya</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>njuwa</td><td>Koti </td><td><h6>Mozambique</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nsuwa</td><td>Emakhuwa</td><td><h6>Mozambique</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suwa</td><td>Tuwuli</td><td><h6>The Bowili (Bowiri) language, Tuwuli (Liwuli, Siwuri, Tuwili, Tora), is spoken in the Volta Region of Ghana.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nzua</td><td>Echuwabu</td><td><h6>Mozambique</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>juwa</td><td> Kimwani</td><td><h6>Mozambique</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ncuwa</td><td>Emakhuwa Emeetto</td><td><h6>Mozambique</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>liduva</td><td>Makonde (Shimakonde)</td><td><h6>Language of Mozambique (Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suba (?); h-Eng (?)</td><td>Bemba (?) Basaa (Bassa, Basa, Bisaa, Basaa)</td><td><h6>Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa. Spoken mostly at the Northern Zambia, mainly in Northern provinces, and in the Luapule and Copperbelt provinces as well.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nduwa</td><td>Takwane</td><td><h6>Language of Mozambique</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nsuwa</td><td>Lonwe (Elomwe)</td><td><h6>Language of Mozambique</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ndhuwa</td><td>Emakhuwa Emarevoni</td><td><h6>Language of Mozambique</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oba; zuba</td><td>Kitabwa</td><td><h6>the Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oba</td><td>Enya </td><td><h6>Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wa</td><td>Makoma</td><td><h6>Zambia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Zuva; uba</td><td>Kalanga</td><td><h6>Zimbabwe (on the border with Botswana)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Tuva</td><td>Kindamba</td><td><h6>Tanzania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suba</td><td>M40temba</td><td><h6>Zambia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suba</td><td>Soli</td><td><h6>Zambia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suba</td><td>Tembo</td><td><h6>the Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ua</td><td>Luguru</td><td><h6>Tanzania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zuva</td><td>Gogo</td><td><h6>Tanzania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yuba; Zuba</td><td>Fwe</td><td><h6>Namibia (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>izuv*a (zuv*a)</td><td>Lambya</td><td><h6>Lambya (Rambia) is a Bantu language of Tanzania and Malawi.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zoba</td><td>Nkore Hima</td><td><h6>Uganda</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iwa</td><td>Mulonga</td><td><h6>Zambia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iwa</td><td>Mwenyi</td><td><h6>Zambia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iwa</td><td>Shiyeyi</td><td><h6>(Yeyi) is a Bantu language spoken by Yeyi people along the Okavango River in Namibia and Botswana</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iyi</td><td>Ahlo</td><td><h6>Togo (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iZi</td><td>Bu Nigeria</td><td><h6>(a.k.a. Buh) central region of Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>juba</td><td>Ganda</td><td><h6>Uganda</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>juba</td><td>Kebwe</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yuba</td><td>Luba Shaba</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yuba</td><td>Bangubangu</td><td><h6>A language of Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yuba</td><td>Hemba Bwinyanyemba</td><td><h6>the Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yuba</td><td>Hemba Mambwe</td><td><h6>the Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yuwa</td><td>Mashi Zambia</td><td><h6>Zambia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yoba; rE</td><td>Gusii</td><td><h6>West of Kenya</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>juba</td><td>Luba</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>juba</td><td>Luganda</td><td><h6>Uganda</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>juba</td><td>Lumbwe</td><td><h6>West of Tanzania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uba</td><td>Kisa</td><td><h6>the language in western Kenya</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zyoba</td><td>Sumbwa</td><td><h6>Sumbwa is a Bantu language of Tanzania.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zuwa</td><td>Shona Manyika</td><td><h6>Zimbabwe</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zuwa</td><td>Shona Ndau</td><td><h6>Zimbabwe</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zuwa</td><td>Chuwabu</td><td><h6>Mozambique, the Zambezia province</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yusa</td><td>Ngom Kele</td><td><h6>Kele is a Bantu language of Gabon. Dialects of the Kele language are scattered throughout Gabon. Ngom (Angom, Ungomo) is used with only minor differences by the Kola/Koya Pygmies. It is spoken on both sides of the border with the Republic of the Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suso</td><td>Me'en</td><td><h6>Me'en (also Mekan, Mie'en, Mieken, Meqan, Men) is a Nilo-Saharan language spoken in Ethiopia by the Me'en people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zobo</td><td>Nkore Kiga</td><td><h6>Nkore-Kiga is a language spoken by around 3,910,000 people living in the extreme southwest of Uganda.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suba</td><td>Ngumbo Taabwa</td><td><h6>Taabwa (Ichitaabwa), or Rungu (Malungu), is a Bantu language of Congo and Zambia spoken by half a million people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mu; suba</td><td>Nyakyusa</td><td><h6>Nyakyusa, or Nyakyusa-Ngonde, is a Bantu language of Tanzania and Malawi spoken by the Nyakyusa people around the Northern end of Lake Malawi.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suba</td><td>Regi Tanzania</td><td><h6>Kara, or Regi, is a Bantu language of Tanzania, spoken off Ukerewe Island in Lake Victoria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suba</td><td>Taabwa </td><td><h6>Taabwa Zambie is a Bantu language of Zambia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suba</td><td>Sukwa</td><td><h6>Dialect of Ndali language is spoken in the Misuku Hills of Malawi by fewer than 1000 people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suba</td><td>Bwile</td><td><h6>the Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanganyika province</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suba (suwa) </td><td>Lamba</td><td><h6>northern Zambia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Suba</td><td>Bembe Bmb</td><td><h6>the Democratic Republic of Congo, on border with Tanzania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>8h~uwa</td><td>Chilomwe</td><td><h6>Mozambique (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>8oa</td><td>Lomwe</td><td><h6>Mozambique</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>8obo; weso</td><td>Bomwali</td><td><h6>in the North of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>83N; ewa</td><td> Buru </td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>8inea</td><td>Kamdang</td><td><h6>Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>8o*; wyiyo</td><td>Mpyemo</td><td><h6>CAR</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>su</td><td>Mursi</td><td><h6>Surmic; Nilo-Saharan; Africa. Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>su</td><td>Suri</td><td><h6>The Suri (Surma), are agropastoralists living in the semiarid lowland area of the Kafa Administrative Region of Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>su</td><td>Samba Daga</td><td><h6>Western Nigeria (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>su</td><td>Taram</td><td><h6>a dialect of Daka (Nigeria)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>su'u</td><td>Samba Daka</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zu</td><td>Aghem Wum</td><td><h6>North West Region of Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>su</td><td>Kati (in Afghanistan)</td><td><h6>Indic; Indo-European; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>su</td><td>Shekhani</td><td><h6>The North of India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>su</td><td>Eastern Kativiri</td><td><h6>Afganistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>su</td><td>Udehe</td><td><h6>The Udege language (also Udihe language, Udekhe language, Udeghe language) is the language of the Udege people. It is a member of the Tungusic family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>su</td><td>Aribwatsa</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>su</td><td>Wampar</td><td><h6>Wampar is an Austronesian language of Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>su</td><td>Tabla</td><td><h6>Papua, Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>su</td><td>Edopi (or Dosobou, Dou, Doufou, Elopi, Foi, Iau, Turu, Urundi, Ururi, Yau)</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zu, izu</td><td>Aghem </td><td><h6>Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Nigeria, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Z3 (izy)**</td><td>Bafmeng</td><td><h6>Mmem (Bafmeng) is a Grassfields Bantu language of Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Z3</td><td>Mmen</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>za?</td><td>Duru</td><td><h6>The Duru languages are a group of Savanna languages spoken in Northern Cameroon and eastern Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zu</td><td>Bu Cameroon</td><td><h6>in the western Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aseta (seta)</td><td>Datooga Dialect</td><td><h6>Tanzania (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aseteta</td><td>Omotik</td><td><h6>Omotik (Sawas) is a moribund Nilotic language of Kenya.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>asimba</td><td>Mvuba</td><td><h6>Rwanda (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>asis</td><td>North Tugen</td><td><h6>Kenya (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>asis</td><td>Pokot</td><td><h6>Pokoot is a language spoken in western Kenya and eastern Uganda by the Pokot people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>asista (asis)</td><td>Keiyo</td><td><h6>Kenya</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>asista</td><td>Kalenjin</td><td><h6>Kenya</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>asista</td><td>Sabaot</td><td><h6>Sabaot (Sebei) is a Kalenjin language of Kenya.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>asista</td><td>Sogoo</td><td><h6>Sogoo (also known as Ogiek Okiek or Akiek) is a Southern Nilotic language cluster of the Kalenjin family spoken or once spoken by the Ogiek peoples, scattered groups of hunter-gatherers in Southern Kenya and Northern Tanzania.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aso</td><td>Kwadza</td><td><h6>Tanzania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>asu; mwasu</td><td>Kilaangi</td><td><h6>Rangi or Langi (there is no distinction between /r/ and /l/; also known as Irangi, Kilaangi, etc.) is a Bantu language of spoken by the Rangi people of Kondoa District in the Dodoma Region of Central Tanzania.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>asu</td><td>Valangi</td><td><h6>Tanzania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>andr$u</td><td>Malagasy Mahafaly</td><td><h6>Madagascar</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>andr$u</td><td>Malagasy Sakalava</td><td><h6>Madagascar</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>andr$u</td><td>Malagasy Vezo</td><td><h6>Madagascar</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mato7onro</td><td>Dusun Deyah</td><td><h6>Dusun Deyah, or Deyah, is a language spoken by the Dusun people of Borneo that is closely related to Malagasy on Madagascar.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matEanrau</td><td>Dusun Witu</td><td><h6>Dusun Witu, or Witu, is a language spoken by the Dusun people of Borneo that is closely related to Malagasy on Madagascar.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lod'o; mada lod'o</td><td>Sabu</td><td><h6>The Hawu also known as Havu language, historically Sawu and known to outsiders as Savu or Sabu (thus Havunese, Savunese, Sawunese), is the language of Savu Island in Indonesia and of Raijua Island off the western tip of Savu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>masoandra</td><td>Malagasy Anatankarana Ambilobe</td><td><h6>Madagascar</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>masoandro</td><td>Malagasy Anatankarana Vohemar</td><td><h6>Madagascar</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>masoandro</td><td>Malagasy Masikoro-Miary</td><td><h6>Madagascar</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>masoandro</td><td>Malagasy Northern Betsimisaraka Fenoarivo East</td><td><h6>Madagascar</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>masoandro</td><td>Malagasy Plateau Betsileo Fianarantsoa</td><td><h6>Madagascar</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>masoandro</td><td>Malagasy Plateau Merina Antananarivo</td><td><h6>Madagascar</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>masoandro</td><td>Malagasy Sakalava Ambanja</td><td><h6>Madagascar</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>masoandro</td><td>Malagasy Sakalava Maintirano</td><td><h6>Madagascar</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>masoandro</td><td>Malagasy Sakalava Morondava</td><td><h6>Madagascar</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>masoandro</td><td>Malagasy Sakalava Vezo Toliara</td><td><h6>Madagascar</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>masoandro</td><td>Malagasy Tandroy Mahafaly Ambovombe</td><td><h6>Madagascar</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>masoandro</td><td>Malagasy Tandroy Mahafaly Ampanihy</td><td><h6>Madagascar</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>masoandro</td><td>Malagasy Tanosy Tolagnaro</td><td><h6>Madagascar</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>masoandro</td><td>Malagasy Southern Betsimisaraka Antaimoro Manakara</td><td><h6>Madagascar</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>masoandro</td><td>Malagasy Southern Betsimisaraka Antaisaka Vangaindrano</td><td><h6>Madagascar</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>masoandro</td><td>Malagasy Southern Betsimisaraka Antambohoaka Mananjary</td><td><h6>Madagascar</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>masuandr$u</td><td>Malagasy Antaisaka</td><td><h6>Madagascar</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taniandr$u; masouva </td><td>Malagasy Antankarana</td><td><h6>Madagascar</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taniandr$u</td><td>Bushi</td><td><h6>Bushi (Shibushi or Kibushi) is a dialect of Malagasy spoken in the French-ruled Comorian island of Mayotte.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>masuandr$u</td><td>Malagasy Merina</td><td><h6>Madagascar</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>masuandr$u</td><td>Malagasy Sihanaka</td><td><h6>Madagascar</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>masuandr$u</td><td>Malagasy Taimoro</td><td><h6>Madagascar</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>masuandr$u</td><td>Malagasy Tandroy</td><td><h6>Madagascar</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>masuandr$u</td><td>Malagasy Zafisoro</td><td><h6>Madagascar</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>masuandr$u</td><td>Malagasy Ambositra</td><td><h6>Madagascar</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>masoandro ('the eye of the day')</td><td>Malagasy</td><td><h6>the language is spoken by the inhabitants of Madagascar island. (Barito; Austronesian; Africa).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>masuva</td><td>Malagasy Tsimihety</td><td><h6>Madagascar</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>masova</td><td>Malagasy Tsimihety Mandritsara</td><td><h6>Madagascar</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>masova</td><td>Malagasy Anatankarana Antalaha</td><td><h6>Madagascar</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>masova</td><td>Malagasy Plateau Sihanaka Ambatondrazaka</td><td><h6>Madagascar</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>madaʔa</td><td>Maria-Maiagolo</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>madaʔa</td><td>Maria-Uderi</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mada; maida7a</td><td>Doromu</td><td><h6>Doromu, or Doromu-Koki, is a Manubaran language spoken in Papua New Guinea. It has three varieties: Koki, Kokila and Koriko.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mada</td><td>Humene Manugoro</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mada</td><td>Humene</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mada</td><td>Kwale</td><td><h6>Kwale (a.k.a. Uare) is a language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mada7a (mεidaʔa)</td><td>Maria</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>madega (madiga)</td><td>Ghayavi</td><td><h6>western Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>madega; maigara</td><td>Umanakaina</td><td><h6>Umanakaina, or Gwedena, is a Papuan language of New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>madega</td><td> Haigwai</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>madega</td><td>Umanakaina Gigarebi</td><td><h6>Umanakaina, or Gwedena, is a Papuan language of New Guinea. </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>madega</td><td>Yakaikeke</td><td><h6>Yakaikeke (Iakaikeke) is an Oceanic language of Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>masa</td><td>Nobiin (or Fadidja-Mahas) </td><td><h6>East Sudanic family, Nubian group.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>maSa</td><td>Mahas</td><td><h6>Eastern Sudanic language family, Nubian group.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>masal</td><td>Old Nubian </td><td><h6>East Sudanic family, Nubian group.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mas3l</td><td>Nubian Of Dongola</td><td><h6>Northern Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>m'asil</td><td>Dongolawi</td><td><h6>East Sudanic family, Nubian group.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>masil</td><td>Kenuzi</td><td><h6>East Sudanic family, Nubian group.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>m'asil**</td><td>Andaandi </td><td><h6>(Egypt, Libya, Sudan).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>masil</td><td>Kenzi</td><td><h6>Egypt</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cua</td><td>Digo</td><td><h6>Digo (Chidigo) is a Bantu language spoken primarily along the East African coast between Mombasa and Tanga by the Digo people of Kenya and Tanzania.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cua</td><td>Chonyi</td><td><h6>Chonyi is a Bantu language spoken in Kenya.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Cəwa (cua)</td><td>Kera (Tuburi-Kera)</td><td><h6>Kera is an East Chadic language spoken by 45,000 people in Southwest Chad and 6,000 people in North Cameroon. (It was called 'Tuburi' by Greenberg, a name shared with Tupuri).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cua (uwa)</td><td>Rabai</td><td><h6>Rabai, also called Rabai Mpya, is a historic location in Kilifi County, Kenya about 12 miles Northwest of the city of Mombasa.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cua</td><td>Chwaka</td><td><h6>Southern Kenya</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cua</td><td>Buu</td><td><h6>Kenya, at Indian ocean shore</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cua (cuwa)</td><td>Giryama</td><td><h6>Kenya</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cua</td><td>Lower Pokomo</td><td><h6>Kenya</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cua</td><td>Makwa Ile</td><td><h6>Mozambique</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cuba</td><td>Cewa</td><td><h6>Malawi (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cuba</td><td>Kunda</td><td><h6>Northern Zimbabwe</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>soa</td><td>Makwa Malema</td><td><h6>Mozambique</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>soa</td><td>Makwa Nampula</td><td><h6>Mozambique</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>laNg~a; uva</td><td>Chingoni</td><td><h6>in southern Tanzania (province Ruvuma)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zowa</td><td>Bungu</td><td><h6>Tanzania (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dzowa (zawa)</td><td>Mombum</td><td><h6>Mombum, or Kemelom (Komolom), is a Trans-New Guinea language spoken on Yos Sudarso Island (Kolopom Island) in West New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zawa</td><td>Mombun</td><td><h6>Papua, Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zowa</td><td>Komelomsch</td><td><h6>Papua, Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>doba</td><td>Batanga</td><td><h6>Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dova</td><td>Batanga Balundu</td><td><h6>western Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lisOba; sOba</td><td>Matumbi</td><td><h6>Matuumbi, also known as Kimatumbi, is a language spoken in Tanzania in the Kipatimu region of the Kilwa District, south of the Rufiji river.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jova</td><td>Mbugwe</td><td><h6>Mbugwe or Mbuwe (Kimbugwe) is a Bantu language of spoken by the Mbugwe people of Lake Manyara in the Manyara Region of Central Tanzania.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ova</td><td>Mpoto</td><td><h6>at the border of Malawi and Tanzania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ova</td><td>Edo</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Tova</td><td>Kinga</td><td><h6>Tanzania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ofa</td><td>Buem Lelemi</td><td><h6>Lelemi (or Lefana) is spoken by the Buem people in the mountainous Volta Region of Ghana.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cuwa</td><td>Duruma</td><td><h6>Duruma is a settlement in Kenya's Kwale County. Chi-Duruma is the local dialect of Mijikenda language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cuba; isi</td><td>Hunde</td><td><h6>Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Cuba</td><td>Pangwa</td><td><h6>The Pangwa are an ethnic and linguistic group based in the Kipengere Range on the eastern shore of Lake Malawi, in the Ludewa District of Njombe Region in Southern Tanzania.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Cowa</td><td>Nawuri</td><td><h6>Nawuri is a Guang language of Ghana.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uwa (juba; ba; diba ???)</td><td>Tshiluba</td><td><h6> Luba-Kasai, also known as Western Luba, Bena-Lulua, Ciluba/Tshiluba, Luba-Lulua or Luva, is a Bantu language of Central Africa and a national language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uwa</td><td>Ciyawo</td><td><h6>Malawi (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uwa</td><td>Liuwa</td><td><h6>Zambia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uwaha</td><td>Abar</td><td><h6>Benue-Congo family: Beboid group; Nigeria, Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uwaha</td><td>Missong</td><td><h6>Benue-Congo family: Beboid group; Nigeria, Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uwa; cuwa</td><td>Nyanja</td><td><h6>Nyanja (also known as Chewa) is a Bantu language spoken by over 15 million people in Southern Africa.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uwa</td><td>Nsenga</td><td><h6>Nsenga (Senga) is the language in Mozambique, Zimbabwe and Zambia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uwa</td><td>Nyala Kenya</td><td><h6>a Bantu language of western Kenya, on the shores of Lake Victoria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uwa</td><td>Segeju</td><td><h6>The Segeju are an ethnic and linguistic group from Mkinga District, Tanga Region, Tanzania.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uba</td><td>Kinyamwezi</td><td><h6>Tanzania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uba</td><td>Zimba</td><td><h6>Zimba is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, spoken in a band of country south of the Elila River.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oba</td><td>Taabwa Rdc</td><td><h6>Taabwa, or Rungu (Malungu), is a Bantu language of Congo and Zambia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wa</td><td>Nyali</td><td><h6>Nyali, or North Nyali, is a minor Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wa</td><td>Nyengo</td><td><h6>Nyengo (Nhengo) is a minor Bantu language of Angola.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tua</td><td>Swahili Chirazi</td><td><h6>South Kenya (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tua</td><td>Swahili Mvita</td><td><h6>South Kenya (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Tua</td><td>Swahili Vumba</td><td><h6>Kenia (Indian ocean coast), near Tanzanian border</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Tua</td><td>Makwa Alua</td><td><h6>Mozambique</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tua</td><td>Gabri</td><td><h6>in southern Chad (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>toa</td><td>Dormo</td><td><h6>Chad (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tuwa</td><td>Lele</td><td><h6>Chad, Afro-asian language </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Tu</td><td>Kuo</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Tuba (uba)</td><td>Buyu</td><td><h6>the Democratic Republic of Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>TuE (juE)</td><td>Bendeghe</td><td><h6>in southern Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tue</td><td>Worodugukakan</td><td><h6>the language of the tribe in the Ivory Coast (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Tvu</td><td>Mbizinaku</td><td><h6>Central Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tun</td><td>Itumbuso</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Tun</td><td>Nde</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>itu</td><td>Kaliko</td><td><h6>Keliko (Kaliko) is a Central Sudanic language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and South Sudan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>itu</td><td>Lokai</td><td><h6>Uganda</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>itu</td><td>Ma'di (Maadi)</td><td><h6>Uganda and South Sudan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iTvu</td><td>Itanikom</td><td><h6>The Kom language (Itanikom) is spoken by over 150,000 speakers living in Boyo Division, located in the North West Province of Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tw~e</td><td>Koma</td><td><h6>Southern Sudan (the upper reaches of the Nile)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Tw~i</td><td>Bulu</td><td><h6>Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Tw~i</td><td>Bum </td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Tw~iTw~i</td><td>Kensweinsei</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ty~aty~i</td><td>Sotho Northern</td><td><h6>South Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>?aj-it</td><td>Aacax</td><td><h6>Cushitic languages group. Kushites are the group of peoples of Africa, living in the area between the Egipt Estern desert and the North-East province of Kenya.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dy~uwa</td><td>Swahili Makunduchi</td><td><h6>East Tanzania (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dy~uwa</td><td>Swahili Pemba</td><td><h6>The North of the Mozambique coast of the Indian ocean, in the province of Kabu-Delgado, on a Peninsula going to the Pemba Bay</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dy~ua</td><td>Swahili Mwani</td><td><h6>East Mozambique (Indian ocean coast)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dhuba</td><td>Soga 2</td><td><h6>Soga, or Lusoga, is a Bantu language spoken in Uganda.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yuwa</td><td>Ngoni</td><td><h6>Ngoni is a Bantu language of Zambia, Tanzania, Mozambique.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yuwa</td><td>Swahili Pate</td><td><h6>East Kenya (Indian ocean coast)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yuwa</td><td>Swahili Tikuu</td><td><h6>Kenia (Indian ocean coast)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ua; juwa</td><td>Sena</td><td><h6>Sena is a Bantu language spoken in the four provinces of central Mozambique (Zambezi valley): Tete, Sofala, Zambezia and Manica</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ua</td><td>Pemba</td><td><h6>Pemba island, Tanzania Arabic Jazirat al-Khu?rah island in the Indian Ocean, lying 35 miles (56 km) off the coast of East Africa, opposite the port of Tanga, Tanzania.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ua</td><td>Ngulu</td><td><h6>Ngulu is a Bantu language spoken in east-central Tanzania.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ua</td><td>Shambala</td><td><h6>Shambala or Shambaa is a Bantu language of Tanzania.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ua</td><td>Pemba</td><td><h6>Pemba island, Tanzania Arabic Jazirat al-Khu?rah island in the Indian Ocean, lying 35 miles (56 km) off the coast of East Africa, opposite the port of Tanga, Tanzania.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ua</td><td>Zalamo</td><td><h6>Zaramo is a Niger-Congo language, formerly primary language of the Zaramo people of eastern Tanzania.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ua</td><td>Zigula</td><td><h6>Zigula (Zigua, Chizigua) is a Bantu language of Tanzania and of Somalia, where it is known as Mushunguli (Mushungulu).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ua</td><td>Vumba</td><td><h6>Tanzania (on the Indian Ocean coast)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ua</td><td>Ngazidja</td><td><h6>Comoros islands (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ua</td><td>Kamba Kenya</td><td><h6>Kenya</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ua</td><td>Coni</td><td><h6>Southern Kenya</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sua (ua)</td><td>Doe</td><td><h6>Tanzania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ua</td><td>Hadimu</td><td><h6>Tanzania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ua</td><td>Kutu</td><td><h6>Tanzania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ua</td><td>Nzwani</td><td><h6>Nzwani (Anjouan), the language of one of the three major islands in the Comoros Archipelago</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ua (wa) </td><td>Maore</td><td><h6>Comoros islands (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ua</td><td>Mwani Mozambique</td><td><h6>Mozambique</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ua</td><td>Mwimbi Muthambi</td><td><h6>Kenya</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uha</td><td>Lamba Mbole Balanga</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uha</td><td>Langa Mbole Bambuli</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uho</td><td>Arigidi </td><td><h6>(or Oge). Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uai</td><td>Nimboran</td><td><h6>Nimboran (Nambrong) is a Papuan language of Indonesia spoken by mostly older adults.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uane</td><td>Lontomba</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>udara</td><td>Jere</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uk'ayE</td><td>Werize</td><td><h6>Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uqayE</td><td>Gawwada-Gobeze</td><td><h6>an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Southern Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uqayE</td><td>Gobeze</td><td><h6>South-West Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>|am</td><td>|Ganda</td><td><h6>The Ganda language, Luganda, is one of the major languages in Uganda, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!am; |amsa</td><td>G/wi</td><td><h6>G/wi or Glui (sometimes spelled Dcui) is a Khoisan language of Botswana</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!am</td><td>Zhu|'hхasi</td><td><h6>also known as Ju/'hoan, Agau, Kung-Tsumkwe, Xu, Xun, Kung, !Xo, Zhu'oasi, Dzu'oasi, Tsumkwe, Dobe Kung, Xaixai, Ћhu|hхasi, Ju/'hoansi (Namibia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>|am</td><td>Hiechware</td><td><h6>Central Khoisan family: Kalahari-Khoisan group (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!am (lam)</td><td>||Gana</td><td><h6>Central Khoisan family: Kalahari-Khoisan group.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>|am </td><td>//Ani</td><td><h6>Other known names and dialect names: Handa, Handa-Khwe, Handadam, Handakwe-Dam, Ts'exa, |Anda; Central Khoisan; Khoisan; colloquial language in Botswana, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!am; kh~a!h~a*</td><td>Juhoan</td><td><h6>at the border of Namibia and Botswana</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!am</td><td>Gwi</td><td><h6>Botswana</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!am</td><td>Gxana</td><td><h6>Botswana</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!am</td><td>Khwe</td><td><h6>south-eastern Angola</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!kam (!xam) </td><td>Masarwa Tati</td><td><h6>Botswana</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!on; !e*</td><td>Nu En</td><td><h6>Botswana</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!on</td><td>Masarwa Kakia</td><td><h6>Botswana (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!on</td><td>Xoon Masarwa</td><td><h6>Northern Botswana (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!on</td><td>Xoon Nuen</td><td><h6>Ghanzi district of Botswana (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!on; !e*</td><td>Nu En</td><td><h6>Botswana</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!7~ui*</td><td>Nu</td><td><h6>A language of South Africa. (?)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!ko*i*; !un</td><td>Batwa</td><td><h6>South Africa (central region) </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!ko*i</td><td>Ng Ke</td><td><h6>A language of South Africa. (?)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!ko*iN</td><td>Kam Ka Ke</td><td><h6>South Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!kom; gao</td><td>Ekoka-!Xu</td><td><h6>Kung-ekoka or !Xu or !Kung as it is often spelled in English, is a Northern Khoisan language of Namibia, Angola, and Botswana.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!kom</td><td>Kauen</td><td><h6>Botswana</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>!komSa</td><td>Naron</td><td><h6>Botswana</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ε=wu</td><td>Ekiromi</td><td><h6>Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>%nk~umb~i</td><td>Angolar </td><td><h6>(also Ngola) a minority language of Sao Tome and Principe, spoken in the Southernmost towns of Sao Tome Island and sparsely along the coast. Creoles and Pidgins; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ŋwε</td><td>Grebo-Marchese</td><td><h6>dialect of the Kru language (Liberia, Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ŋwe</td><td>Grebo-Innes</td><td><h6>dialect of the Kru language (Liberia, Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ɲəm</td><td>Nde</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ʒala</td><td>Kim</td><td><h6>The language is spoken in Southern Chad (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>||'an</td><td>Taa</td><td><h6>Taa, also known as !Xoo, is a Khoisan language notable for its large number of phonemes, perhaps the largest in the world. Most speakers live in Botswana, but a few hundred live in Namibia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kujo (kujuon)</td><td>Tieyaxo (Tigemaxo, Tieyaho)</td><td><h6>Tieyaxo (or Boso, Bozo) is a Mande language spoken by the Bozo people, the principal fishing people of the Inner Niger Delta in Mali.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kubu non**</td><td>Jenaama Bozo-1</td><td><h6>Western Mande; Niger-Congo; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kubu</td><td>Bozo Jenaama</td><td><h6>Mali (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kubu5on</td><td>Sorogama</td><td><h6>Sorogama (Jenaama) is a Mande language spoken by the Sorogoye people of Mali and Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kudyo</td><td>Ajja (Aja)</td><td><h6>Aja is a Central Sudanic language spoken in the Southern South Sudanese province of Bahr el Ghazal and along the South Sudanese border in the Central African Republic.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kufi</td><td>Sele</td><td><h6>Eastern Ghana (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ki:</td><td>Jenaama Bozo-3</td><td><h6>Mali, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hu:sun; usante</td><td>Boko</td><td><h6>Eastern Mande; Niger-Congo; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hu:su; wunt~o; wusu</td><td>Bisa</td><td><h6>Bissa is the people in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hulu</td><td>Ga</td><td><h6>Kwa; Niger-Congo; Africa (Ghana)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>huto</td><td>Jimi</td><td><h6>the language spoken in Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ho*</td><td>Cinda</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hoho</td><td>Gurmana</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oho</td><td>Madaka</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oha</td><td>Shabo</td><td><h6>Endangered isolated language spoken by 600 people in the south-western Ephiopia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ha</td><td>Mba</td><td><h6>Mba, also known as (Ki)Manga or (Ki)Mbanga, is a Ubangian language spoken in DRC Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ha:llikko; oqayye</td><td>Gawwada-Gollango</td><td><h6>an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Southern Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ha:llikkу; uk'ayε</td><td>Gawwada-Harso-Werize</td><td><h6>an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Southern Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ha:llikko</td><td>Gawwada-Dobase</td><td><h6>an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Southern Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hallikko; uqayE</td><td>Gawwada-Dalpena</td><td><h6>Gawwada (also known as Gauwada, Gawata, Kawwad'a, Kawwada) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Southern Ethiopia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hE5</td><td>Kalong</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ha5 (hE5)</td><td>Libie</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hEhila</td><td>Tungho Saisiyat</td><td><h6>Tungho (South Saisiyat) aeaeaeo ycuea Saisiyat (a Taiwanese indigenous people), Oaeaaiu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>heme</td><td>Sheni</td><td><h6>the dead language in Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hEvalE </td><td> Ndunga </td><td><h6>Ndunga (Bondonga, Modunga, Mondugu, Mondunga) is a Ubangian language spoken in Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hin7~iCo; t'abara</td><td>Burji</td><td><h6>Eastern Cushitic; Afro-Asiatic; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hv~olo</td><td>Kpelle Guinea</td><td><h6>Guinea (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hw~E</td><td>Pongu</td><td><h6>Pongu (Pangu), or Rin, is a Kainji language spoken in Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hw~en</td><td>Dakarkari</td><td><h6>(another names are Cala-Cala, Chilala, Chilela, Dakakari, Dakarkari, Dakkarkari, Kolela, Lalawa, Lela) Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>d'hwcn</td><td>C'Lela</td><td><h6>(Hausa family) Spoken in Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Niger, Nigeria, Sudan and Togo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>we</td><td>Cara</td><td><h6>spoken in some nine villages in Bassa LGA, Plateau State, Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>we</td><td>Yula</td><td><h6>Niger-Congo (*).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>we</td><td>Elwana</td><td><h6>Kenya</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>awe; wil</td><td>Afi Amanda</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>awe (?)</td><td>Afi</td><td><h6>Southern Taraba State, Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>awE</td><td>Seze</td><td><h6>Seze (or Sezo) is an Afro-Asiatic Omotic language, spoken in the western part of Ethiopia, near the town of Begi and just North of the Hozo-speaking community.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>owi; owa</td><td>Gikyode (Chode, Gichode, Kyode)</td><td><h6>Ghana, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>owi</td><td>Guang</td><td><h6>Niger-Congo (*).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>owu</td><td>Larteh</td><td><h6>Ghana</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>owi</td><td>Anyanga (Nyanga, Ginyanga?)</td><td><h6>a Guang language of Togo (Africa).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>owi</td><td>Genyanga</td><td><h6>Togo (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wi:</td><td>Bwamu</td><td><h6>Burkina Faso</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wi</td><td>Fyem</td><td><h6>Central Nigeria (Platoid; Niger-Congo; Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>owia</td><td>Fanti</td><td><h6>the central region of Ghana</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>owia</td><td>Twi Fante</td><td><h6>Southern and central Ghana (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>awia</td><td>Twi Asante</td><td><h6>Ashanti, Asante, or Asante Twi, is spoken by over 2.8 million Ashanti people. Ashanti (or Ashanti Twi) is one of three literary dialects of the Akan language of West Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>owori</td><td>Ikpeshi</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aw (awa)</td><td>Welamo</td><td><h6>Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>awa; awatera</td><td>Arbore</td><td><h6>Arbore is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Southern Ethiopia in a few settlements of Hamer woreda near Lake Chew Bahir. Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aw-a; owo</td><td>Chara</td><td><h6>Chara (alternatively Ciara or C'ara) is an Afro-Asiatic language of the North Omotic variety spoken in Ethiopia by 13,000 people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>awa</td><td>Awngi</td><td><h6>an Afro-Asiatic language of the family's Cushitic branch. It's native speakers are the Awi people of Ethiopia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>awa</td><td>Bambassi</td><td><h6>Bambassi is an Omotic Afroasiatic language spoken in Ethiopia around the towns of Bambasi and Didessa in the area east of Asosa in Benishangul-Gumuz Region.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>awa</td><td>Dawro</td><td><h6>Ethiopia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>awa</td><td>Dorze</td><td><h6>Dorze is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Gamo Gofa Zone of Ethiopia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>a'wa</td><td>Gamo</td><td><h6>North Omotic; Afro-Asiatic; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>awa</td><td>Ganza</td><td><h6>Ganza (also Ganzo, Koma) is an Afro-Asiatic language (Omotic), spoken in Sudan and in the western Benishangul-Gumuz region of Ethiopia, specifically in the village districts of Penishuba and Yabeldigis.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>awa</td><td>Gidicho</td><td><h6>Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>awa</td><td>Gofa</td><td><h6>Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>awa</td><td>Janjero</td><td><h6>(or Yemsa) Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>awa</td><td>Koyra</td><td><h6>Mali, Central Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>awa</td><td>Kullo</td><td><h6>Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>awa</td><td>Northern Mao</td><td><h6>Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>awa</td><td>Oyda</td><td><h6>Oyda is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Gamo Gofa Zone of Ethiopia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>awa</td><td>Shinasha</td><td><h6>Shinasha (Shinassha), also known as Boro (Borna, Bworo) is a North Omotic language spoken in western Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>awa</td><td>Zergulla</td><td><h6>spoken in the southwestern part of Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>awa</td><td>Basketo</td><td><h6>(also known as Basketto, Baskatta, Mesketo, Misketto, and Basketo-Dokka) Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>awa</td><td>Dache</td><td><h6>Southeastern Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>awwa</td><td>Gatsame</td><td><h6>Ethiopia ?</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>owa</td><td>Gechode</td><td><h6>at the border between Gana and Togo (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>owa</td><td>Lokele Yawembe</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>owo</td><td>Melo</td><td><h6>Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>awa7ayfiyu</td><td>Wolaytta</td><td><h6>Wolaytta is a North Omotic language of the Ometo group spoken in the Wolayita Zone and some other parts of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region of Ethiopia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>afa</td><td>Bade</td><td><h6>one of the Yobe languages, Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>afa</td><td>Duwai</td><td><h6>one of the Yobe languages, Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>afa</td><td>Ngizim</td><td><h6>(Ngezzim, Ngizmawa) one of the Yobe languages, in the north-eastern Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>afata</td><td>West Chadic</td><td><h6>Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>afats</td><td>Matal</td><td><h6>Matal, also known as Muktele and Balda, is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Northern Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>affat; fata</td><td>Marba</td><td><h6>Marba is an Afro-Asiatic language that is used by the Azumeina peoples of Chad as their first language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fərta (f3rta)</td><td>Ga'anda</td><td><h6>Ga'anda (also known as Gaanda, Ganda, Ga'andu, Mokar, Makwar) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken by about 10,000 people in the Adamawa state of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fəta</td><td>Peve</td><td><h6>Peve, also called Lame after its chief dialect, is an Afro-Asiatic language of Chad and Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fətsiya</td><td>Guduf</td><td><h6>Biu-Mandara; Afro-Asiatic; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>f3ciya</td><td>Gava</td><td><h6>Nigeria (at the border with Cameroon)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>f3rta</td><td>Gaanda Gabin</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>f3ta</td><td>Masana Pogo</td><td><h6>Massa (or Masana, Masa) is a Chadic language spoken in Southern Chad and Northern Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>f3ta</td><td>Peve Lame</td><td><h6>Peve, also called Lame after its chief dialect, is an Afro-Asiatic language of Chad and Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>f3te</td><td>Nzanyi</td><td><h6>Nzanyi is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Nigeria in Adamawa State in the Maiha LGA, and along the border in Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>f3tiy</td><td>Munjuk</td><td><h6>a Chadic language spoken south of Lake Chad.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fara</td><td>Hona</td><td><h6>Hwana (also known as Hwona, Hona, Tuftera, Fiterya) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Adamawa State, Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fat</td><td>Baka</td><td><h6>one of the Central Chadic languages (endangered language) spoken in the Mandara mountains of Northern Cameroun.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fat</td><td>Kulere</td><td><h6>Kulere (also known as Tof, Korom Boye, Akandi, Akande, Kande) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fat</td><td>Mada Cameroon</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fat</td><td>Mada</td><td><h6>Mada is a regionally important Plateau language of Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fat</td><td>Moloko (Melokwo)</td><td><h6>the language of the people in the Mandara mountains (Northern Cameroon)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fat</td><td>Mubi</td><td><h6>Mubi (also known as Moubi) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in central Chad.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fat</td><td>Mundat</td><td><h6>Mundat is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria in the Mundat village of Bokkos LGA.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fat</td><td>Muyang</td><td><h6>the language of the people in the Mandara mountains (Northern Cameroon)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fat</td><td>Ron Monguna</td><td><h6>Ron (also known as Challa, Chala) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria. Dialects include Bokkos, Daffo-Butura (incl. Mangar), Monguna.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fat</td><td>Tambas</td><td><h6>Tambas (also known as Tambes, Tembis) is a West Chadic language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fat</td><td>Wuzlam</td><td><h6>Wuzlam, also called Uldeme, Ouldeme) is an Afro-Asiatic language of the Chadic branch. It is spoken in Northern Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fata (fatta, fadta)</td><td>Musey</td><td><h6>Musey is a Chadic language of Chad and Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fata</td><td>Central Chadic</td><td><h6>Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fata</td><td>Diri</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fata</td><td>Masa</td><td><h6>The Masa languages are a group of a dozen closely related Chadic languages of West Africa.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fata</td><td>Masana</td><td><h6>in the western part of Chad</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fati</td><td>Karekare</td><td><h6>one of the Yobe languages, Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fatir</td><td>Bata Malabu</td><td><h6>an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Nigeria in Adamawa State in the Numan, Song, Fufore and Mubi LGAs, and in Cameroon in North Province along the border with Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fe</td><td>Dirim</td><td><h6>Nigeria, near the border with Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fei</td><td>Paanci</td><td><h6>Pa'anci is a Chadic (Afro-Asiatic) language spoken by some 20,000 Nigerians living in an area south and west of Ningi in the present Bauchi State of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>feka</td><td>Lendu Njawdha</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ferta</td><td>Gabin</td><td><h6>Eastern Nigeria (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fet; feta</td><td>Ik</td><td><h6>The Ik language, also known as Icetot, Icietot, Ngulak, or (derogatory) Teuso, Teuth, is one of the Kuliak languages of Northeastern Uganda (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>feta</td><td>Lame</td><td><h6>an Afro-Asiatic language of Chad and Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fEtE</td><td>Sharwa</td><td><h6>Sharwa (also known as Tchevi, Sherwin, Sarwaye) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Cameroon in Far North Province.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fEtE7</td><td>Tsuvan</td><td><h6>Tsuvan (also known as Matsuvan, Motsuvan, Terki, Telaki, Teleki, Tchede) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Cameroon in Far North Province.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fEtEn</td><td>Holma</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>feti; futi</td><td>Musgu K</td><td><h6>Musgu is a language of the Biu-Mandara subgroup of the Chadic languages spoken in Cameroon and Chad.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>feti</td><td>Musgu B</td><td><h6>Northern Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fi</td><td>Munga Doso</td><td><h6>Nigeria (near the Camerun border)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fi</td><td>Jen</td><td><h6>Jen (or Dza) is an Adamawa language of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fi</td><td>Lendu Djadha</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fi</td><td>Lendu Pidha</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fi</td><td>Lendu Tadha</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fiana</td><td>Bankon</td><td><h6>Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fiana</td><td>Kang Barombi</td><td><h6>Rombi (Lombi; Barombi) is a Bantu language spoken in the Meme department of the Southwest Province of southwestern Cameroon by the Barombi (Barumbi, Balombi) people. Dialects are Kang Barombi, Mbo Barombi, Mokono Barombi Kotto Barombi</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fila, ofila</td><td>Adele</td><td><h6>(self-name is Gidire) The Adele language is spoken in central eastern Ghana and central western Togo. It belongs to the geographic group of Ghana Togo Mountain languages of the Kwa branch of Niger-Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>firE</td><td>koromfe</td><td><h6>Koromfe is a Gur language spoken in a U-shaped area around the town of Djibo, in the North of Burkina Faso and southeastern Mali, bordering Dogon Country.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fisi</td><td>Tangale</td><td><h6>Tangale (Tangle) is a West Chadic language spoken in Northern region of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fit3k (fiti)</td><td>Vemgo Mabas</td><td><h6>Vemgo-Mabas is an Afro-Asiatic language of Cameroon and Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fit3n</td><td>Jimi</td><td><h6>Jimi (Djimi), also known as Jimjim?n and 'Um Falin, is a Chadic language spoken in Cameroon in Far North Province on the Nigerian border in and around Bourrha. Dialects are Djimi, Jimo, Malabu, Wadi, and Zumo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fiTe</td><td>Dghwede</td><td><h6>Eastern Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fiti</td><td>Lamang</td><td><h6>Lamang (Laamang) is an Afro-Asiatic language of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fiti</td><td>Zizilivakan</td><td><h6>Zizilivakan (Ziziliveken, Ziliva, Amziriv), also known as Fali of Jilbu and Ulan Mazhilven, is a Chadic language spoken in Cameroon in Far North Province and neighboring Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fitik</td><td>Hdi</td><td><h6>Northeastern Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fiTTi</td><td>Kirfi</td><td><h6>Kirfi (also known as Giiwo, Kirifi, Kirifawa) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fitu</td><td>Fali Muchella (Mucella)</td><td><h6>Northeast of Nigeria (the border with Cameroon)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fitun</td><td>Fali Bagira (Bwagira)</td><td><h6>Northeast of Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>folo; holo</td><td>Bandi</td><td><h6>Western Mande; Niger-Congo; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>folo</td><td>Kpelle</td><td><h6>Kpelle is a member of Mande group of Niger-Congo languages spoken by about 1.3 million people in Liberia and Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>folo</td><td>Loma</td><td><h6>(Loghoma, Looma, Lorma) Liberia, on the border with Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>folo</td><td>Mende</td><td><h6>Sierra Leone (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>foot</td><td>Mogum</td><td><h6>Chad</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>foriy (pori)</td><td>Pero</td><td><h6>Pero, also known as Filaya, is a West Chadic language of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>foto</td><td>Bacama Mulyen</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>foto</td><td>Bata Zumu</td><td><h6>Afro Asiatic, Chadic, Biu Mandara, Southbiu Mandara, Bata Sharwa, Bataic</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>foto</td><td>Birgit</td><td><h6>Birgit (also known as Bergit, Birgid, Berguid) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in southeastern Chad</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fri</td><td>Tunni</td><td><h6>Tunni (also known as Af-Tunni) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken by the Tunni sub-group of the Rahanweyn Somali clan, who reside in the Lower Shebelle and Middle Juba regions in Southern Somalia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fu</td><td>Leelau</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fus</td><td>Kofyar</td><td><h6>Kofyar is an Afro-Asiatic dialect cluster spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>futa</td><td>Herde</td><td><h6>Central African Republic</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>futa</td><td>Peve Pala</td><td><h6>an Afro-Asiatic language of Chad and Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>futa</td><td>Zime</td><td><h6>Mesme is an Afro-Asiatic language of Chad. Zime (Djime) is a generic name.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>futay</td><td>Mbara</td><td><h6>Chad</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fw~ut</td><td>Saya</td><td><h6>Saya (Sayanci) is a Chadic dialect cluster of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fwoətu</td><td>Gudu</td><td><h6>Gudu (also known as Gudo, Gutu) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>futi; grftila</td><td>Musgu R</td><td><h6>Musgu is a language of the Biu-Mandara subgroup of the Chadic languages spoken in Cameroon and Chad.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>futi</td><td>Bole </td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fuZi</td><td>Ghye</td><td><h6>the language of the tribe at the border of Nigeria with Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fuZi</td><td>Hya</td><td><h6>Hya is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Northern Cameroon and neighboring regions of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gufti; feti; fasa</td><td>Musgu D Plus Rd</td><td><h6>Northern Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ifa; ifate</td><td>Busa</td><td><h6>Nigeria, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ifia</td><td>Mboi-2</td><td><h6>One of the two dialects of Mboi (Nigeria)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iftin</td><td>Boon</td><td><h6>Boon or Af-Boon is a nearly extinct Cushitic language spoken in Jilib District, Middle Jubba Region, Somalia.</h6></td></tr><tr><td>jira fat</td><td>Duhwa</td><td><h6>Duhwa, or Karfa (also Kerifa, Nzuhwi) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Nasarawa State, Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>o*fa*tE*</td><td>Bokobaru</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fishi</td><td>Gere</td><td><h6>also called Wee, is a Kru language spoken by over 300,000 people in the Dix-Huit Montagnes and Moyen-Cavally regions of Ivory Coast</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fiTTe</td><td>Geruma</td><td><h6>Geruma (also known as Gerema, Germa) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fara</td><td>Boga</td><td><h6>Boga (Boka) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Adamawa State of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>furEy</td><td>Bacama</td><td><h6>Bacama (Bachama) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>faCiya</td><td>Cineni</td><td><h6>Cineni is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Borno State, Nigeria in the single village of Cineni. Roger Blench classified it as a dialect of Guduf-Gava.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>faciya</td><td>Glavda</td><td><h6>Glavda (also known as Galavda, Gelebda, Glanda, Guelebda, Galvaxdaxa) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Borno State, Nigeria and in Far North Province, Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fy~an</td><td>Pol</td><td><h6>Pol is a Bantu language of Cameroon. Pol proper is spoken in central Cameroon; the Pomo and Kweso dialects are spoken in Congo and the CAR near the Cameroonian border.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fy~o</td><td>Tibea</td><td><h6>Tibea, also known as Ngayaba, is a Bantu language spoken in three villages in Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fyo</td><td>Bafia Njanti</td><td><h6>a Bantu language spoken in Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ombe; oni</td><td>Gevove (Bubi)</td><td><h6>Gabon, Africa.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>moni</td><td>Bubi</td><td><h6>Bube, Bohobe, or Bube–Benga (Bobe, Bubi), is a Bantu or Bantoid language spoken by the Bubi, a Bantu people native to, and once the primary inhabitants of, Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea (Africa).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mgb$e</td><td>Ban Ogoi</td><td><h6>Nigeria, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>i3mEr</td><td>Soddo</td><td><h6>Semitic; Afro-Asiatic; southeastern Ephiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>amen </td><td>Guanche</td><td><h6>Guanche is an extinct language, which used to be spoken by the Guanches of the Canary Islands (Spanish archipelago) until the 16th or 17th century (the language has some connection with the Berber language family)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>i5o5o</td><td>Ikakumo</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>i7aze</td><td>Inner Mbugu Bumbuli</td><td><h6>Tanzania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ib</td><td>Kete Katamb</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ido</td><td>Beria</td><td><h6>The western part of Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>idi; iTi</td><td>Mesengo</td><td><h6>Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>idi</td><td>Majang</td><td><h6>The Majang language is spoken by the Majangir people of Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>idigo</td><td>Ana Tinga Dogon</td><td><h6>Ana Dogon, or Ana Tiŋa, is a Dogon language in Northern Mali.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uju-ngo</td><td>Najamba</td><td><h6>a Western Dogon language (Mali)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>udra</td><td>Birri</td><td><h6>Central African Republic; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>udugu</td><td>Tebul Ure Dogon</td><td><h6>Mali (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ududi; uduwa</td><td>Kwadi</td><td><h6>Central Khoisan family (Southwestern Angola, Namibe state)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>li</td><td>Viri</td><td><h6>Belanda Viri (Bviri, Belanda, Biri, BGamba, Gumba, Mbegumba, Mvegumba) is a Ubangian language of South Sudan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ilanzi (lanzi)</td><td>Fipa</td><td><h6>Fipa is a Bantu language of Tanzania.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ilanzi; lanzi</td><td>Nyamwanga</td><td><h6>Mwanga, or Namwanga (Nyamwanga), is a Bantu language spoken by the Mwanga people in the Northern Province of Zambia (mainly in the districts of Isoka and Nakonde) and in Mbeya Region, Tanzania.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ilu</td><td>Dida Lakota</td><td><h6>Cote d'Ivoire</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ilyunsi; lyunsi</td><td>Kimbu</td><td><h6>Kimbu is a Bantu language of Tanzania.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ime</td><td>Mesmes</td><td><h6>The Mesmes language is an extinct West Gurage language, one of the Ethiopian Semitic languages spoken in Ethiopia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Ina</td><td>Dengese</td><td><h6>the Democratic Republic of Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ini</td><td>Bembe</td><td><h6>Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ini</td><td>Lumbu Yi Tandu</td><td><h6>Gabon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iNaldu</td><td>El Hugeirat</td><td><h6>Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iNNaLtu</td><td>Uncunwee</td><td><h6>Uncunwee (also Gulfan, Uncu, Ghulfan, Wunci, Wuncimbe) is a Hill Nubian language spoken in the central Nuba Mountains in the south of Sudan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>inuw</td><td>Korandje</td><td><h6>Algeria (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ipa</td><td>Indaaka</td><td><h6>the Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>itakali</td><td>Pandikeri</td><td><h6>The Eastern Sudanic language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>caz</td><td>Dizi</td><td><h6>North Omotic; Afro-Asiatic (Sudan - Ethiopia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>CaZ (CaZi) </td><td>Maji</td><td><h6>Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>caci</td><td>Sotho Sud (South ?)</td><td><h6>South Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>caci</td><td>Tswana</td><td><h6>The Tswana or Setswana language is spoken in Southern Africa by about five million people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>c3c3</td><td>Wushi</td><td><h6>Wushi (Babessi) is a Grassfields Bantu language of Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cece</td><td>Krobu</td><td><h6>Krobu (Krobou) is a Tano language (Kwa, Niger-Congo) of Cote d'Ivoire.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tsetse</td><td>Babessi</td><td><h6>Wushi (Babessi) is a Grassfields Bantu language of Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>C7a</td><td>Hoan Huc</td><td><h6>in southern Botswana</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>CaN</td><td>Pari</td><td><h6>the language in Southern Sudan (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>can7a</td><td>Senufo Cebaara</td><td><h6>The Senufo or Senufic languages (Senoufo in French) has around 15 languages spoken by the Senufo in the North of Cote d'Ivoire, the south of Mali and the southwest of Burkina Faso.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>caNa (caŋa)</td><td>Mianka</td><td><h6>Mianka (also known as Mamara, Minyanka or Tupiire) is a Northern Senufo language spoken by about 750,000 people in southeastern Mali.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cana (tsana) </td><td>Mamara [myk] </td><td><h6>Minyanka language of Mali, West Africa.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>caNa</td><td>Senufo Sicite</td><td><h6>Mali</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Cepteylel</td><td>Endo</td><td><h6>Kenya</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>C'EyEt</td><td>Geto</td><td><h6>the language in central region of Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>c'iac</td><td>Sheko</td><td><h6>wesrern Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ciNg~i; ts-ingi</td><td>Dengebu</td><td><h6>Dengebu, also Dagik, Dagig, Thakik, Buram, Reikha, is a Niger-Congo language in the Talodi family spoken in Kordofan, Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Cirkoe</td><td>Labi</td><td><h6>Cameroon (at the border with Chad)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>comε</td><td>Mundang-2</td><td><h6>Mundang is an Mbum language of Southern Chad and Northern Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>CuE</td><td>Ndemli</td><td><h6>Ndemli, or Bandem, is a language of Cameroon spoken primarily in the Nkam department of the Littoral Region; between Yabassi, Yingui and Nkondjock.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cuko; kyvkon**</td><td>Animere </td><td><h6>(another names are Anyimere, Kunda) East and Central Ghana (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cuo</td><td>Kplang</td><td><h6>Kplang is a Guang language of Ghana (Africa).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cu; tsu</td><td>Fang</td><td><h6>Spoken in Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cu</td><td>Modele</td><td><h6>western Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kausu (midday sun)</td><td>Kanuri</td><td><h6>Spoken in the Chad, Cameroon, Niger, Nigeria, Sudan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ko:s (kes)</td><td>Modern Nara</td><td><h6>Eastern Sudanic language family: Nara group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kos</td><td>Old Nara</td><td><h6>Eastern Sudanic language family: Nara group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>koro</td><td>Zilmamu</td><td><h6>Ethiopia, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kor</td><td>Didinga</td><td><h6>Eastern Sudanic language family: Surmic group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kor</td><td>Baale</td><td><h6>Eastern Sudanic language family: Surmic group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ko:r</td><td>Narim</td><td><h6>Eastern Sudanic language family: Surmic group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kos</td><td>Zayse</td><td><h6>the southwestern part of Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>koso</td><td>Bussa</td><td><h6>Bussa, or Mossiya, is a Cushitic language spoken in Southern Ethiopia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ko</td><td>Dijim Bwilim</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ikoko</td><td>Dibo</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oɲoko</td><td>Gwa</td><td><h6>Gwa is one of the Southern Bantoid Jarawan languages of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>koko</td><td>Dadiya</td><td><h6>Dadiya (Daadiya, Loodiya) Eastern Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kofe</td><td>Likpe</td><td><h6>Ghana (at the border with Togo), Africa.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>m3s</td><td>Bada</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>m3s</td><td>Bankala</td><td><h6>Niger (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>m3s</td><td>Boyawa</td><td><h6>Niger-Kordofanian, Niger-Congo; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>m3s</td><td>Jarawa (in Nigeria)</td><td><h6> (Nigeria)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>m3sa</td><td>Jaku</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>m3sa</td><td>Labir</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mis3</td><td>Lama</td><td><h6>Togo (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>moso</td><td>Samo Matya</td><td><h6>Samo (Sane, San, Sa) is a dialect cluster of Mande languages spoken in Burkina Faso.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tjero (?)</td><td>Klao</td><td><h6>Kru; Niger-Congo; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wyango</td><td>Gbari</td><td><h6>Gbari is a Bantu language (like Lingala, Swahili or Zulu) spoken in Nigeria by about 300,000 speakers.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wang'; chieng' </td><td>Dholuo (Luo)</td><td><h6>Dholuo or Nilotic Kavirondo, is the eponymous dialect of the Luo group of Nilotic languages, spoken by about 6 million Luo people of Kenya and Tanzania, who occupy parts of the eastern shore of Lake Victoria and areas to the south.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>?izi</td><td>Birgid</td><td><h6>East Sudanic family, Nubian group.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iz</td><td>Karka</td><td><h6>East Sudanic family, Nubian group.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ez (ed)</td><td>Dilling</td><td><h6>East Sudanic family, Nubian group.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nin-an</td><td>Ama</td><td><h6>Eastern Sudanic language family: Nyima group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nizi</td><td>Afitti</td><td><h6>Eastern Sudanic language family: Nyima group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>i; kɔr</td><td>Murle</td><td><h6>Murle (also Ajibba, Beir, Merule, Mourle, Murele, Murule) is a Nilo-Saharan Eastern Sudanic language spoken by the Murle people, spoken in the southeast of South Sudan, near the Ethiopian border.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iŋŋaltu</td><td>Ghulfan</td><td><h6>Nubian; Nilo-Saharan; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iʒ**</td><td>Karko</td><td><h6>Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>i</td><td>Babango</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo (central region)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>i</td><td>Toukoulaka Bomitaba</td><td><h6>a Bantu language in the North of the Republic of Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>i</td><td>Kanio Bomitaba </td><td><h6>Northern Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>i</td><td>Mbanza Bomitaba</td><td><h6>Northern Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>i</td><td>Mboua Bomitaba</td><td><h6>Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>i</td><td>Mokengui Bomitaba</td><td><h6>Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>i*atE*</td><td>Boko </td><td><h6>at the Nigeria and Benin border (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>i*na</td><td>Shuwa</td><td><h6>the Democratic Republic of Congo, province Kasai</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>i:bande</td><td>Bidyogo-1</td><td><h6>Guinea and Guinea-Bissau (West Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>i:ri</td><td>Merarit</td><td><h6>Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>i; se</td><td>Egbuta</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>i; se</td><td>Proto-Ngiri</td><td><h6>Equatorial Africa. Bantu family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>io</td><td>Wali</td><td><h6>East Sudanic family, Nubian group.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>engalto</td><td>Debri</td><td><h6>East Sudanic family, Nubian group.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>su?</td><td>Suri (Chai)</td><td><h6>Eastern Sudanic language family: Surmic group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>su?</td><td>Mursi</td><td><h6>Eastern Sudanic language family: Surmic group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>su7</td><td>Suri Chai</td><td><h6>the language of tribe in south Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sui</td><td>Ekparabong</td><td><h6>Nigeria, the near-border region with Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suso</td><td>Me'en</td><td><h6>Eastern Sudanic language family: Surmic group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sus</td><td>Tirma (or Suri)</td><td><h6>Ethiopia, Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suso</td><td>Meen</td><td><h6>Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>su:s</td><td>Kwegu</td><td><h6>Eastern Sudanic language family: Surmic group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sy~e</td><td>Ndok Mbali</td><td><h6>Mbali (Olumbali, Kimbari) is a minor Bantu language of Angola</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sarafe</td><td>Ciwogai</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>s'aXay; int'X~ay</td><td>Tigre</td><td><h6>Tigre language is one of the Semitic languages spoken in Eritrea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>SaZ</td><td>Nao</td><td><h6>Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sEgElE</td><td>Gafat</td><td><h6>The Gafat language is an extinct South Ethiopian Semitic language that was once spoken along the Abbay River (Nile) in Ethiopia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>seT nE; nc~eT nE</td><td>Serer Sine</td><td><h6>Sinegal and Gambia (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lesa; les; laS</td><td>Gidole</td><td><h6>Southern Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>SiSw~i</td><td>Babungo</td><td><h6>(Vengo) Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sX~aXay (s'3hay; s'eXay)</td><td>Tigrigna</td><td><h6>Tigrinya is an Afroasiatic language of the Semitic branch. It is mainly spoken in Eritrea and Northern Ethiopia in the Horn of Africa, with around 6,915,000 total speakers.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wawi</td><td>Majang</td><td><h6>Eastern Sudanic language family: Surmic group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bi:di</td><td>Aka</td><td><h6>Eastern Sudanic language family: Jebel group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>b'i:di</td><td>Molo</td><td><h6>Eastern Sudanic language family: Jebel group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bi:di</td><td>Kelo</td><td><h6>Eastern Sudanic language family: Jebel group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bi:di</td><td>Beni Sheko</td><td><h6>Eastern Sudanic language family: Jebel group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tel</td><td>Gaam</td><td><h6>Eastern Sudanic language family: Jebel group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bisi</td><td>Avikam</td><td><h6>Avikam is one of the Lagoon languages of Cote d'Ivoire, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bisuwi</td><td>Nigeria Bali</td><td><h6>Bali (also known as Bibaali, Maya, Abaali, Ibaale, or Ibaali) is a Niger-Congo language spoken by 100,000 people (as of 2006) in Demsa, Adamawa, Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bis</td><td>Yiwom</td><td><h6>Yiwom (Ywom), also known as Gerka or Gerkawa by the Hausa, is a Chadic (Afro-Asiatic) language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bi</td><td>Ngwi Mateko Kingoli</td><td><h6>Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vi</td><td>Kwanka</td><td><h6>Kwanka, or Kwang, is a dialect cluster of Plateau languages in Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bee**</td><td>Burak</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>biji</td><td>Putai</td><td><h6>Putai (also known as Marghi West) is a nearly extinct Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bil</td><td>Boma Nord Saio</td><td><h6>the Democratic Republic of Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bil3</td><td>Sakata Kesha</td><td><h6>DR Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bira</td><td>Banka</td><td><h6>Banka, or Bankagooma, is a minor Mande language of Mali.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xallikko</td><td>Gawwada</td><td><h6>an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Southern Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>XaTX~ed</td><td>Somali 2</td><td><h6>Somali is an official language of Somalia, Somaliland, a national language in Djibouti, and a working language in the Somali Region of Ethiopia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xw~e</td><td>Fongbe (Fɔngbe)</td><td><h6>Benin, the Atlantic seashore</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ye (?)</td><td>Ewe</td><td><h6>Spoken in the Republic of Ghana and the Togolese Republic (Togo).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yin</td><td>Beja</td><td><h6>(Bedawi) Afro-Asiatic; Africa. The language is spoken in the western coast of the Red Sea by the Beja people. They number around two million people, and inhabit parts of Egypt, Sudan and Eritrea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>muku</td><td>Miya</td><td><h6>one of the West Chadic languages in nothern Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>b3Ci</td><td>Margi</td><td><h6>Margi, also known as Marghi and Marghi Central, is a Chadic language spoken in Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>b3l3</td><td>Kesaa Sakata</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ba</td><td>Luba Kasayi</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ba</td><td>Mbangwe</td><td><h6>Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ba</td><td>Mituku</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tali; mhi</td><td>Kukuya</td><td><h6>The Kukuya language, Kikukuya, also known as Southern Teke, is a member of the Teke dialect continuum of the Congolese plateau.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>baangu</td><td>Cerma</td><td><h6>Burkina Faso</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bako</td><td>Baka</td><td><h6>Southern Cameroon (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bako</td><td>Ngombe CAR</td><td><h6>Central African Republic</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>balaab</td><td>Joola-Fooni</td><td><h6>Senegal and Gambia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>balay</td><td>Diola</td><td><h6>Senegal</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>banak; tinak; balay</td><td>Diola Kasa</td><td><h6>Senegal</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>banak; tinak</td><td>Jola</td><td><h6>Gambia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>banak; tilai; Tanak</td><td>Ejamat</td><td><h6>or Jola-Felupe (Feloup, Felup, Felupe, Floup, Flup, Fulup) Casamance region of Senegal and neighboring Guinea-Bissau</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bao</td><td>Limassa</td><td><h6>at the border of Congo, Central African Republic and Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bao</td><td>Monjombo</td><td><h6>(Mondjembo, Munzombo, Mono-Jembo). Republic of Congo (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>baon</td><td>Turka</td><td><h6>Turka (Turuka) or Curama (Cuurama, Tchourama, Tyurama), is a Gur language, which is spoken by the Turka people in Burkina Faso.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bari</td><td>Kahe</td><td><h6>The Kahe are an ethnic and linguistic group based southeast of Moshi in Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>beeeguu (bannaa)</td><td>Tchourama</td><td><h6>This language is spoken in Banfora, Burkina Faso.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bele</td><td>Sakata</td><td><h6>Sakata is a Bantu dialect cluster of DR Congo. The dialects are rather divergent: Sakata proper, Djia (Wadia), Bai (Kibay), Tuku (Ketu, Batow).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bote</td><td>Likwala</td><td><h6>Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bu:i; bu:wi; puwi</td><td>Lafofa</td><td><h6>Lafofa, also Tegem, is a Niger-Congo dialect cluster spoken in the Southern Nuba Mountains in the south of Sudan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>buno:</td><td>Manjaku</td><td><h6>(Kanyop, Mandjaque, Mandyak, Manjaca, Manjack, Manjaco, Manjaku, Manjanku, Manjiak, Mendyako, Ndyak) Guinea and Guinea-Bissau, Senegal and Gambia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>buno7</td><td>Kasanga</td><td><h6>Guinea-Bissau (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bw~os</td><td>Mandi Cameroon</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dw~3b</td><td>Kol</td><td><h6>Cameroon, a Niger-Congo language of the Bantu family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>g3b3</td><td>Goundo</td><td><h6>Southern Chad (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gad3gy~i; usura</td><td>Gude</td><td><h6>Biu-Mandara; Afro-Asiatic; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gamb~u</td><td>Tshwa</td><td><h6>Tshwa (a.k.a. Tsoa, also known as Kua and Hiechware), is an East Kalahari Khoe dialect cluster spoken by several thousand people in Botswana and Zimbabwe.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gb~ere</td><td>Kulango Bouna</td><td><h6>Cote d'Ivoire</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gbere-ko</td><td>Kulango</td><td><h6>Kulango is a Niger-Congo language of Cote d'Ivoire and across the border in Ghana.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gbundu; kaolo; mani</td><td>Komo</td><td><h6>Komo is a Nilo-Saharan language spoken by the Kwama (Komo) people of Ethiopia, Sudan and Southern Sudan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ge:wne</td><td>Mombo</td><td><h6>a Dogon language spoken in Mali.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gEvE</td><td>Nyambeengge</td><td><h6>a Niger-Congo language. Oaio?aeuiay Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gies</td><td>Kwel</td><td><h6>Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>giNan</td><td>Warnang</td><td><h6>The Warnang (a.k.a. Werni) language, is a Niger-Congo language of the Heiban family spoken in Kordofan, Sudan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gine</td><td>Katla</td><td><h6>(Akalak, Kalak) - Kordofan language, spoken by Gulud and Katle peoples in the Kordofan state, at the Katle hills (Sudan, Africa).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gine</td><td>Pare Png</td><td><h6>(!) the central part of Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>go5</td><td>Mbule</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>go</td><td>Besme</td><td><h6>Southern Chad (Central Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gra</td><td>Lorhon</td><td><h6>Lorhon, or Teen, is a Niger-Congo language of Cote d'Ivoire and across the border in Burkina Faso</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gw~i</td><td>Lopa</td><td><h6>Lopa is a minor Kainji language of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gy~3</td><td>Mambai</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gwei</td><td>Berom</td><td><h6>Central Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gbei</td><td>Aten</td><td><h6>The Tahoss dialect of the Berom language (Central Nigeria)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gbei</td><td>Ogoni</td><td><h6>Rivers State, Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gbey; igb~ey</td><td>Iten</td><td><h6>Central Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gwi</td><td>Tahos</td><td><h6>The Tahoss dialect of the Berom language (Central Nigeria)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>b'w~e</td><td>Ron-Bokkos</td><td><h6>Ron (also known as Challa, Chala) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria. Dialects include Bokkos, Daffo-Butura (incl. Mangar), Monguna.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gwey</td><td>Nincut</td><td><h6>Central Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gyes</td><td>Kwele Hakoku</td><td><h6>Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>igb~e</td><td>Bakueri</td><td><h6>(Mokpe) Southern Cameroon (at the Atlantic seashore)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>digba</td><td>Barambo</td><td><h6>The language spoken in the Northeast of Congo (Africa).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>egw~a</td><td>Gola</td><td><h6>Southern Atlantic; Niger-Congo; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>inono; i-yawish</td><td>Ukaan</td><td><h6>The Ukaan language, are spoken around Auga and Kakumo, directly south of Kabba near the Niger-Benue Confluence in Nigeria. There are three dialects: Auga, Ikaan, Ishe.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eno </td><td>Idoma (Akpa, Akweya)</td><td><h6>central Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>enoka**</td><td>Kyama</td><td><h6>Ebrie, or Cama (Caman, Tchaman, Tsama, Tyama), is spoken in Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>e; nen (nen - very approx.)</td><td>Akoose </td><td><h6>a Northwest Bantu Language (Cameroon, Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eni**</td><td>Chai</td><td><h6>South Sudan, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>enuN</td><td>Jiba</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>en</td><td>Burun</td><td><h6>Burun is a Nilotic language of Sudan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>enani</td><td>Kana</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>enyaanga (eenyiinga)</td><td>Lubukusu</td><td><h6>Bukusu (native name: Lubukusu) is a Bantu language spoken by the Bukusu people of western Kenya</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>endesaa; kyendesaa</td><td>Machame</td><td><h6>a Bantu language spoken in parts of Tanzania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>efa; sawina</td><td>Lomongo</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>EhES</td><td>Iigau</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>EiEd</td><td>Ennemor</td><td><h6>Inor, sometimes called Ennemor (Innemor), is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in central Ethiopia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Ela</td><td>Mayogo</td><td><h6>Mayogo (also spelled Mayugo, Majugu, Maigo, Maiko, Mayko and also called Kiyogo) is a Ubangian language spoken by the Day (Angai), Maambi, and Mangbele peoples of DR Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>elim</td><td>Lukpa</td><td><h6>Benin (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>elin</td><td>Hadiyya</td><td><h6>Hadiyya (Hadiyigna, Adiya) is the Afroasiatic language of the Hadiya people of Ethiopia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>elin</td><td>Libido</td><td><h6>Libido (also known as Mareqo, Mareko) is an Afroasiatic language of Ethiopia, which is spoken in the Mareko district Gurage Zone of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region, directly south-east of Butajira.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>era</td><td>Bangba</td><td><h6>in the Northern area of the DR Congo (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Erit</td><td>Zway</td><td><h6>an Afroasiatic language of the Semitic branch spoken in Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>erumu8io</td><td>Abua </td><td><h6>Abua (Abuan) is a Central Delta language of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>umi</td><td>Lere Gana</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uNhwin</td><td> Gyem</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>unnZi</td><td>Fali</td><td><h6>Northern Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>unu</td><td>Manjaca Churo</td><td><h6>Guinea-Bissau and Senegal.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>unu</td><td>Manjaca Costa De Baixo</td><td><h6>Guinea Bissau</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ume</td><td>Ziriya</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>unom</td><td>Begbere Ejar</td><td><h6>The central part of Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>unun</td><td>Kuturmi</td><td><h6>One of the Plateau language (the centre of Nigeria)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>i-num</td><td>Hasha</td><td><h6>One of the Plateau language (the centre of Nigeria)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yinom</td><td>Firan</td><td><h6>One of the Plateau language (the centre of Nigeria)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>n-ne</td><td>Rigwe</td><td><h6>One of the Plateau language (the centre of Nigeria)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>u-num (ge-cinum)</td><td>Kulu</td><td><h6>One of the Plateau language, Central Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uNme</td><td>Izora</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>onne; oroma (God)</td><td>Ake </td><td><h6>Ake (Aike, Akye) language, spoken in four villages in Nassarawa State, Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oNme</td><td>Sanga</td><td><h6>Sanga is a Kainji language of Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Nm~ina</td><td>Dagaare</td><td><h6>Spoken in Burkina Faso and Ghana. (Gur; Niger-Congo; Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Nm~Nme</td><td>Denya-Takamanda</td><td><h6>a Bantoid language of Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Nm3N</td><td>Konni</td><td><h6>The Koma language, Konni, is a Gur language of Ghana.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nme'</td><td>Denya-Bitieku</td><td><h6>a Bantoid language of Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nme</td><td>Lemoro</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nnmee**</td><td>Denya</td><td><h6>Denya is a Southern Bantoid language of Cameroon in the Mamfe family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Nmina</td><td>Dagaari Dioula</td><td><h6>Burkina Faso (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Nmind3</td><td>Yom </td><td><h6>Yom, or Pilapila, and formerly Kilir, is a Gur language of Benin.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>NminiNa</td><td>Safaliba</td><td><h6>Safaliba is a Gur language of Ghana.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>n-nε</td><td>Irigwe</td><td><h6>(Also known as Iregwe, Kwal, Nnerigwe, Nkarigwe, Rigwe, Nyango, Miango, Kwoll). The Rigwe language, Irigwe, is a Plateau language of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Nwe</td><td>Bafia Rope</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>NwE</td><td>Grebo</td><td><h6>Liberia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nwe</td><td>Kasele</td><td><h6>(Akasele, Akaselem, Cemba, Chamba, Kamba, Tchamba) A language of Togo (Niger-Congo famely), Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nwe</td><td>Reshe</td><td><h6>Reshe is the most divergent of the Kainji languages of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bwe</td><td>Run</td><td><h6>one of the West Chadic languages</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mgbe</td><td>Eleme</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nwen (nw~in)</td><td>Konkomba</td><td><h6>Ghana (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Nw~a</td><td>Batu Anwe</td><td><h6>Southern Taraba State, Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nv~i</td><td>Vute Mbanjo</td><td><h6>Vute Mbanjo is a Mambiloid language of Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mpfusir</td><td>Vute</td><td><h6>Vute is a Mambiloid language of Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mb~i</td><td>Mbundu</td><td><h6>Angola</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mbi</td><td>Shira</td><td><h6>Gabon (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mbiE</td><td>Pove</td><td><h6>Pove (also rendered Bhubhi, Bubi, Vove) is a Bantu language of Gabon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dekombi</td><td>Sama</td><td><h6>Angola, Atlantic seashore.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>omb~e</td><td>Xebia</td><td><h6>Gabon (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>omb~e</td><td>Xebobe</td><td><h6>Gabon (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mi</td><td>Boma Nord Plateaux Congo</td><td><h6>the Democratic Republic of Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mi</td><td>Kekpoti</td><td><h6>Central Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mi</td><td>Lere Si</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mi[nom</td><td>Bamukumbit</td><td><h6>a Grassfields Bantu language spoken in Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>menno</td><td>Bamenyam</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kunom</td><td>Izere</td><td><h6>One of the Plateau language in the centre of Nigeria)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>u-nom</td><td>Ganang</td><td><h6>One of the Plateau language (the centre of Nigeria)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>onum</td><td>Nyankpa</td><td><h6>One of the Plateau language (the centre of Nigeria)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>onwe</td><td>Jijili</td><td><h6>The Jijili language, Tanjijili, also known as Ujijili, is a Plateau language of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sh~anum</td><td>Idu</td><td><h6>One of the Plateau language (the centre of Nigeria)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nonu (nunu)</td><td>Temein</td><td><h6>Eastern Sudanic language (Sudan)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nanu?</td><td>Doni</td><td><h6>Eastern Sudanic language (Sudan)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nonu?</td><td>Tese</td><td><h6>Eastern Sudanic language (Sudan)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>a:nun</td><td>Rere Koalib</td><td><h6>Kordofanian family: Heiban group (Sudan)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>anin</td><td>Ebang</td><td><h6>Kordofanian family: Heiban group (Sudan)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>anin</td><td>Abul</td><td><h6>Kordofanian family: Heiban group (Sudan)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yan</td><td>Tagoi</td><td><h6>The Tagoi language is a Kordofanian language, closely related to Tegali, spoken near the town of Rashad in Southern Kordofan in Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Num </td><td>Nde Yulana</td><td><h6>The language of the tribe living at the border of Cameroon and Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>num</td><td>Bambili</td><td><h6>in the North-Western Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>num</td><td>Ikulu</td><td><h6>The Kulu language, Ikulu, is a Plateau language of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>num</td><td>Kagoma</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>num3</td><td>Awing</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nununu</td><td>Togo-Kan</td><td><h6>Mali, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nunumu; nono</td><td>Tene Kan</td><td><h6>Mali (near the Burkina Faso border).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Nom</td><td>Nde Bukwok</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nom</td><td>Yamba</td><td><h6>Yamba is a Grassfields language of Cameroon, with a small number of speakers in Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nom</td><td>Hyam</td><td><h6>One of the Plateau language (the centre of Nigeria)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nom</td><td>Kaje (Jju)</td><td><h6>the native language of the Bajju people of Northern Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nnom</td><td>Ashe</td><td><h6>Central Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nnom</td><td>Gwara</td><td><h6>Gwara is a Plateau language of Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nnom</td><td>Itoo</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>no</td><td>Bafut</td><td><h6>Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>no</td><td>Tesu</td><td><h6>One of the Plateau language (the centre of Nigeria)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>no</td><td>Bamenyam</td><td><h6>in the North-Western Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>no</td><td>Etkywan</td><td><h6>Nigeria (at the border with Cameroon)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>no</td><td>Yemba</td><td><h6>Yemba is a major Grassfields language of Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>no7</td><td>Papel</td><td><h6>Papel is the language spoken by the Papel People, who live in the central coastal regions of Guinea-Bissau, namely the Biombo Region where it is spoken by 136,000 Bissau-Guineans.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>non</td><td>Bakpinka</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>non</td><td>Dogon Toro Tegu-Tandam-Tabi-Irwa</td><td><h6>Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nonayu</td><td>Logol</td><td><h6>Logol, or Lukha, is a Niger-Congo language in the Heiban family spoken in the Nuba Mountains of Kordofan, Sudan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nonrubi</td><td>Yandang</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aɲín</td><td>Heiban</td><td><h6>Heiban; Niger-Congo; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aɲiŋ</td><td>Kibet</td><td><h6>Kibet (Kibeit, Kibeet, Kabentang) is spoken in Chad</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aɲik</td><td>Maba Kodoi</td><td><h6>Chad and Sudan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aɲin</td><td>Heiban</td><td><h6>The Heiban language, Ebang, or Abul, is a Niger-Congo language in the Heiban family spoken in Kordofan, Sudan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>a5En</td><td>Shirumba</td><td><h6>Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>a5En</td><td>Utoro</td><td><h6>The Utoro language (Otoro, Dhitoro, Litoro) is a Niger-Congo language in the Heiban family spoken in Kordofan, Sudan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>a8i5an</td><td>Tiro</td><td><h6>Tiro, also Thiro or Tira, is a Niger-Congo language in the Heiban family spoken in Kordofan, Sudan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>a8i5ina (aðiɲiná)</td><td>Moro</td><td><h6>Moro is a Niger-Congo language in the Heiban family spoken by the Moro people in the Nuba Mountains of Kordofan, Sudan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nw~ala</td><td>Jili</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nw~am</td><td>Katab Kagoro</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nw~am</td><td>Tyap</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nw~ana</td><td>Rubasa</td><td><h6>central Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Nw~ei</td><td>Bossela Bomitaba</td><td><h6>Northern Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nw~i</td><td>Mfumte</td><td><h6>Cameroon (on the border with Nigeria)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Nw~os</td><td>Bafia</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Nuos (Nues)</td><td>A53 Bafia Rikpa</td><td><h6>a Bantu language spoken in Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nwand~e</td><td>Waama</td><td><h6>Waama, or Yoabu, is a Gur language of Benin.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Nwin</td><td>Bassari (Basari)</td><td><h6>Basari, or Oniyan is a Senegambian language of Senegal and Guinea spoken by traditional hunter-gatherers.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ne</td><td>Bainouk Gunyaamolo</td><td><h6>Senegal (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ne</td><td>Bangeri Me</td><td><h6>Bangeri Me is a Dogon language spoken in Mali.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nE</td><td>Bangi Me</td><td><h6>Mali (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ne</td><td>Ngelema</td><td><h6>Tanzania (East Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ne</td><td>Ntomba Inongo</td><td><h6>Congo, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>onE</td><td>Liliko</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>onu</td><td>Eloyi</td><td><h6>Language, spoken in Nassarawa State, Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>onu</td><td>Ayere </td><td><h6>Ayere is a divergent Volta–Niger language of Nigeria, closely related only to Ahaan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oNw~aNe (ɔŋwa:ŋe)</td><td>Mabaan</td><td><h6>Maban languages are spoken in Chad, the Central African Republic, Sudan (Darfur) and South Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>onyo</td><td>A60 Mmaala</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nyo</td><td>Duli</td><td><h6>Northern Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nasa**</td><td>Dii</td><td><h6>(Dourou, Durru, Duru, Nyag Dii, Yag Dii, Zaa) Cameroon, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nawhan</td><td>Teshenawa</td><td><h6>Teshenawa is an extinct Afro-Asiatic language formerly spoken in Jigawa State, Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nbro</td><td>Alladian</td><td><h6>(Alladyan, Allagia, Allagian) is one of the Lagoon languages of Cote d'Ivoire (Africa). It is a Kwa language, closely related to Avikam</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ndob</td><td>Eton</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Ndokusu</td><td>Ewe Adangbe</td><td><h6>Ghana (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>neg; siba</td><td>Bainounk Gujaher</td><td><h6>Guinea Bisao (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nEm</td><td>Ngomba</td><td><h6>Ngomba, or Ngomba Bamileke, is a Grassfields language of Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nenob (enob)</td><td>Beba</td><td><h6>Beba' (Bebadji, Mubadji) is a Grassfields Bantu language spoken in Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nentaŋ</td><td>Nabte</td><td><h6>Nabit (Nabt), or Nabdem (also Nabde, Nabte, Nabdam, Nabdug, Nabrug, Nabnam, Namnam), is a Gur language of Burkina Faso and Ghana.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ninya</td><td>Kwange</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nia*gu</td><td>Shira Bwali</td><td><h6>Gabon (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nt~aNg~u</td><td>Koongo</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kongo Central district)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nth$aNg~u</td><td>Kibeembe</td><td><h6>Bembe (Kibeembe) is a Bantu language of Congo-Brazzaville.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nk~omb~e</td><td>Mpongwe</td><td><h6>The language of an ethnic group in Gabon (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nkaNa</td><td>Babole Dzeke</td><td><h6>Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nkaNa</td><td>Babole Impfondo</td><td><h6>Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nl~ocop</td><td>Ewondo</td><td><h6>Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nur o nur</td><td>Mankanya</td><td><h6>Guinea Bissau</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Nyengeri</td><td>Caga Kilema</td><td><h6>Tanzania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oye</td><td>Mangbutu</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oyi; əyε</td><td>Igbira</td><td><h6>also spelled Igbirra or Ebira inhabitants of the areas Northeast and southwest of the confluence of the Niger and Benue rivers in central Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oyi</td><td>Kota Mekambo</td><td><h6>Gabon (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oyi</td><td>Mahongwe Sama</td><td><h6>Gabon (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oyi</td><td>Mahongwe</td><td><h6>Gabon (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oyi</td><td>Ngombe Likula</td><td><h6>the Democratic Republic of Congo (?)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oi</td><td>Balese</td><td><h6>the Democratic Republic of Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oi</td><td>Bambomba Epena</td><td><h6>Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oi</td><td>Buja Monogo Bumba</td><td><h6>the Democratic Republic of Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oi</td><td>Eleku Bonginda</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo, on the border with Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oi</td><td>Eleku Ibenge</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo, on the border with Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oi</td><td>Leke</td><td><h6>Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oi</td><td>Lese</td><td><h6>Lese is a Central Sudanic language of Northeastern Congo-Kinshasa, as well as a name for the people who speak this language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oi</td><td>Lobala Liloka</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oi</td><td>Mamvu</td><td><h6>Mamvu is a Central Sudanic language of Northeastern Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oi</td><td>Zamba</td><td><h6>Zamba (Dzamba) is a Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Oi (Oyi)</td><td>Boloki Ngiri</td><td><h6>West of Democratic Republic of the Congo (province Ecuateur)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oa</td><td>Gikuyu</td><td><h6>Kenya</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ober</td><td>Bench (Bencho)</td><td><h6>(Gimira) Southern Ethiopia. Africa.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>obEr</td><td>She</td><td><h6>west Ephiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>odu</td><td>Bonggi</td><td><h6>Bonggi (Banggi) is an Austronesian language spoken in Sabah, Malaysia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ofor</td><td>Kujarke</td><td><h6>Chad (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ohwE</td><td>Maxi Gbe</td><td><h6>Benin</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oi; wusa</td><td>Zamba Bamongo</td><td><h6>the western part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wusa</td><td>Chakali</td><td><h6>Ghana, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wuso; so</td><td>Maya Samo</td><td><h6>Burkina Faso</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wuza</td><td>Pambia</td><td><h6>Pambia (Apambia) is a Zande language spoken in the Northeast of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wuri</td><td>Tupuri</td><td><h6>Tupuri (or Toupouri) is a language mostly spoken in the Mayo-Kebbi Est Region of Southern Chad and in small parts of Northern Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wuru; wi</td><td>Laa Laa Bwamu</td><td><h6>Burkina Faso</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wusaweise</td><td>Buja Bumba Yamoloto</td><td><h6>the Democratic Republic of Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uia; oyi</td><td>Kota </td><td><h6>Kota is a language of the Dravidian language family with about 900 native speakers in the Nilgiri hills of Tamil Nadu state, India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ui</td><td>Dyan</td><td><h6>Burkina Faso</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oyue</td><td>Abure</td><td><h6>Abure (Aboule, Abonwa, Akaplass) is a Tano language (Kwa, Niger-Congo) spoken near Abidjan in Cote d'Ivoire</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oyuwo</td><td>Ahanta </td><td><h6>Gana (Africa). Western region: Takoradi to Princes Town. Southwest coast.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ovo</td><td>Okpamheri</td><td><h6>Okpamheri (Opameri) is an Edoid language of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>omobaso: rE; risase; sase; yoba </td><td>Ekegusii</td><td><h6>a Bantu language of Kenya</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>loba</td><td>Oroko</td><td><h6>Oroko, also Bakundu-Balue or Balundu-Bima, is a Bantu dialect cluster spoken in Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>loe</td><td>Tunia</td><td><h6>Tunia is an Adamawa language of Chad.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lol</td><td>Koke</td><td><h6>Chad (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lol</td><td>Noy</td><td><h6>Noy, or Loo, is a nearly extinct language of Chad.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lolo</td><td>Banda Yangere</td><td><h6>Central African Republic (West of)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lolo</td><td>Langbasi</td><td><h6>Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lolo</td><td>Mbanza</td><td><h6>in the Nortern area of the Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lom</td><td>Yangkam</td><td><h6>Yankam (Yangkam), or Bashar, is a moribund Plateau language of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ulom (?)</td><td>Ahwai </td><td><h6>Ahwai is one of the Plateau languages of Nigeria. There are three mutually intelligible dialects, Ndun (Nandu), Nyeng (Ningon), and Shakara (Tari).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ulom</td><td>Ndun</td><td><h6>One of the Plateau language (the centre of Nigeria)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ulom</td><td>Shakara</td><td><h6>One of the Plateau language (the centre of Nigeria)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ulom</td><td>Pe</td><td><h6>Pe, also spelled Pai, is a minor Plateau language of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ule</td><td>Nzakara</td><td><h6>Nzakara (Ansakara, N'sakara, Sakara, Zakara) is a Zande language spoken in eastern Central African Republic, spilling over into the Democratic Republic of the Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ulenji</td><td>Cicipu </td><td><h6>(Hausa family) Cicipu is a Benue-Congo language spoken in Northwest Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>olum</td><td> Eggon</td><td><h6>Eggon (also Egon, Ero, Mo Egon, Hill Mada, or Mada Eggon) is one of the Benue–Congo languages spoken in Nigeria. The Eggon language is spoken by a large number of people in Nassarawa State in Central Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>olu</td><td>Igala</td><td><h6>a Volta-Niger language. It is spoken by the Igala ethnic group of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alum</td><td>Tarok</td><td><h6>One of the Plateau language (the centre of Nigeria)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lu</td><td>Gengle</td><td><h6>Kugama, or Gengle, is an Adamawa language of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lu</td><td>Kumba</td><td><h6>Kumba, also known as Sate and Yofo, is an Adamawa language of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lu</td><td>Mambila</td><td><h6>at the border of Nigeria and Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lu</td><td>Yoti</td><td><h6>Northeastern Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>loo'aa</td><td>Iraqw</td><td><h6>Iraqw is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Tanzania in the Arusha Region.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>olo</td><td>Banda Ndele Ngao</td><td><h6>the Central African Republic</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>olo</td><td>Banda-Ndele</td><td><h6>the Central African Republic</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>olo</td><td>Gbi</td><td><h6>The Gbi and Dorue language, also known as Gbee or Gbi and Dorue, is similar to the Krahn dialect/language of the Niger-Congo language family. It is spoken in Northern Liberia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>olo</td><td>Kpagua</td><td><h6>in southern Central African Republic</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lo</td><td>Adi Galo</td><td><h6>Tibet</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lo</td><td>Banda</td><td><h6>Central African republic (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lo</td><td>Koro</td><td><h6>Koro language may refer to. Koro language (India). Koro language (New Guinea). Koro language (Vanuatu). Koro language (Mande). Jilic languages (Nigeria). Koro Wachi language (Nigeria).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lo</td><td>Mambila Atta</td><td><h6>Mambila is a dialect chain stretching across Nigeria and Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lo</td><td>Ngbugu</td><td><h6>an Ubangian language spoken in Central African Republic.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ya:nyo</td><td>Bidyogo-2</td><td><h6>Guinea and Guinea-Bissau</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ya</td><td>Akpafu</td><td><h6>a language of Ghana, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yaha</td><td>Toro</td><td><h6>Toro, also known as Turkwam, is a Plateau language of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yaka8</td><td>Nalu</td><td><h6>Nalu (also known as Nalou) is an Atlantic language of Guinea and Guinea-Bissau in Africa.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yala-ka</td><td>Longuda-Jungraithmayr</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yane</td><td>Kusu</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yaNg~e</td><td>Tiv</td><td><h6>Tiv is a Southern Bantoid language spoken in Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ayunn</td><td>Jibu</td><td><h6>Jibu is a Jukunoid language of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yantaNgwa, taNgwa</td><td>Kongo Mboma</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kongo Central district)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yate; yEte</td><td>Wan</td><td><h6>Wan, or Nwa, is a Mande language of Cote d'Ivoire. Dialects are Miamu and Kemu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yawasa</td><td>Kela</td><td><h6>Kela (Ikela, Okela, Lemba, Yela) is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ye</td><td>Eastern Karaboro</td><td><h6>in the Southwestern region of Burkina Faso</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ye</td><td>Eho Mbo</td><td><h6>Southern Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yea</td><td>Dan</td><td><h6>Dan is a Mande language spoken primarily in Cote d'Ivoire and Liberia (Africa).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yebe</td><td>Gagu</td><td><h6>Cote d'Ivoire</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yebe</td><td>Gbin</td><td><h6>Gbin (Gbi) is an extinct Mande language of Cote d'Ivoire</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yehi</td><td>Batanga</td><td><h6>This language is spoken in Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yen; yen-u</td><td>Gurma</td><td><h6>Gur; Niger-Congo; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yen</td><td>Gourmanchema</td><td><h6>Burkina Faso (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yEnE</td><td>Mann</td><td><h6>Liberia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yeni</td><td>Biali</td><td><h6>at the border betwean Burkina Faso and Benin (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nyene (yEnE)</td><td>Mano</td><td><h6>The Mano language (also known as Maa, Mah, and Mawe) is a significant Mande language of Liberia and Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>anaani</td><td>Tee</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ane</td><td>Sengele Mbelo</td><td><h6>Sengele is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nyele</td><td>Ntomba De Bikoro</td><td><h6>Congo, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nyElE</td><td>Bolia Nsao</td><td><h6>the Democratic Republic of Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ny~al</td><td>Bedik</td><td><h6>Senegal (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nyam</td><td>Kwa Cameroon</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nyama</td><td>Nyong</td><td><h6>Nyong (Daganyonga) is a Leko language spoken in two well-separated enclaves in Cameroon and Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nya</td><td>Tetela Yyondo</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nya</td><td>Tetela</td><td><h6>Tetela (Otetela, Kitetela, Kikitatela), also Sungu, is a Bantu language of Northern Kasai-Oriental Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nyambi, nzambi</td><td>Bacongo</td><td><h6>Angola (*).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nyanga; taNa </td><td>Laali Teke</td><td><h6>Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nyangou</td><td>Eshira</td><td><h6>This language is spoken in the South of Gabon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nyaNgu (niaNgu)</td><td>Varama</td><td><h6>Varama (Barama) is a Bantu language of Gabon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nyaNgu</td><td>Sangu (ycue naiao)</td><td><h6>Sangu language may refer to: Sangu language (Gabon) of Gabon (also spelled Chango, Isangu, Shango, Yisangou, and Yisangu). Sangu language (Tanzania) of Tanzania (also spelled Eshisango, Kisangu, Rori, Sangu, Sango).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nyaNgu</td><td>Vungu</td><td><h6>Vungu, or Vumbu, is a Bantu language of Gabon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5alokha; nyalaka</td><td>Longuda-Meek</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5alokha</td><td>Longuda</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nyalaka; yalaka</td><td>Hill Dialect</td><td><h6>Dialect of Longuda language (Nigeria)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ny~em</td><td>Mundani</td><td><h6>Mundani is a Southern Bantoid language of Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ny3</td><td>Kucu Wela Ankutcu</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eyia</td><td>Abron </td><td><h6>Eastern Cote d'Ivoire</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yenu</td><td>Bimoba</td><td><h6>Gur; Niger-Congo; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yeretE</td><td>Mwa</td><td><h6>Mwa (Mwan, Mouan, Muan, Muana, Mona) is a Mande language of Cote d'Ivoire.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yeso</td><td>Kako Batouri</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yeso</td><td>Kako</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yi</td><td>Lyele</td><td><h6>The Lyele language (Lele) is spoken in the Sanguie Province of Burkina Faso</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yi</td><td>Nkami</td><td><h6>Nkami is a Guang language of Ghana.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yidE</td><td>Yaure</td><td><h6>Yaure is a Mande language of Cote d'Ivoire. Dialects are Klan, Yaan, Taan, Yoo, Bhoo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yigidi</td><td>Nupe </td><td><h6>Nupe is a Volta-Niger language of the Nupoid branch primarily spoken by the Nupe people of the Middle Belt region of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yigw~ye</td><td>Beng</td><td><h6>Cote d'Ivoire (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yila</td><td>Nafaara</td><td><h6>Nafaanra (sometimes written Nafaara) is a Senufo language spoken in Northwest Ghana, along the border with Cote d'Ivoire, east of Bondoukou.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yili</td><td>Guro</td><td><h6>Cote d'Ivoire</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yili</td><td>Kweni</td><td><h6>Cote d'Ivoire (Cote d'Ivoire, Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yinu</td><td>Wapha</td><td><h6>Wapha, or Wase after the district in which it is spoken, is a Jukunoid language of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yiri</td><td>Ko Winye</td><td><h6>Burkina Faso</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yiro</td><td>We Southern</td><td><h6>(or - Zagna) Cote d'Ivoire (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yitu</td><td>Ojila</td><td><h6>(Abukeia, Avukaya) A language of South Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yl3</td><td>Dida Yocoboue</td><td><h6>Cote d'Ivoire</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ylo**</td><td>Yocoboue</td><td><h6>Yocoboue is also known as Guitry, Gakpa, Goudou (Gudu), and Kagwe. Cote d'Ivoire (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ylu</td><td>Godie</td><td><h6>Kru; Niger-Congo; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>мroy</td><td>Iten</td><td><h6>One of the Plateau language (the centre of Nigeria)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oorun; orun</td><td>Yoruba </td><td><h6>the Niger-Congo language spoken in Benin, Nigeria, Togo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eokwan (equan)</td><td>Nauruan</td><td><h6>a Micronesian language spoken in Nauru, an island nation in the Micronesian South Pacific. It has 6,000 speakers, approximately 50% of the population.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dzang; fai</td><td>Sirzakwai (or Warji)</td><td><h6>West Chadic language. The Sirzakwai language is spoken in Bauchi State, Darazo LGA, Ganjuwa district, and Ningi LGA, Warji district and in Jigawa State, Birnin Kudu LGA.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>daarang</td><td>Kushi (= Goji)</td><td><h6>one of the West Chadic languages</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yegi; yedjii</td><td>Menda</td><td><h6>North West Province, Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gedzii</td><td>Awi</td><td><h6>North West Province, Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>geji</td><td>Egbeachuk</td><td><h6>North West Province, Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tintsi</td><td>Emuah</td><td><h6>North West Province, Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>it7iZ</td><td>Greater Kabylia at Mangellat</td><td><h6>Berber language in Northern Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tsi</td><td>Isu</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tsisi</td><td>Bantakpa</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tsisi</td><td>Bantu</td><td><h6>Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tsisi</td><td>Kunku</td><td><h6>Nothern Gambia (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>si</td><td>Makary Kotoko</td><td><h6>Camerunian branch</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>so</td><td>Baatonum</td><td><h6>the language of the Bariba people of Benin and Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>soaea</td><td>Mbodomo</td><td><h6>Camerunian branch (Gbaya-Manza-Ngbaka; Niger-Congo; Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>shi.kun'umu - sunset</td><td>Yeyi</td><td><h6>Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ese; kanga</td><td>Koyo (Ekoyo, Kouyou)</td><td><h6>Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ese; isi</td><td>Ghadames</td><td><h6>one of the berber languages at the junction of the Lybia, Tunis and Algeria borders.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ese</td><td>Likoka</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo (on the border with Congo)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ese</td><td>Mboshi Ngolo</td><td><h6>Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ese</td><td>Mboshi Olee</td><td><h6>Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eso</td><td>Gyele</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eSu</td><td>Boki</td><td><h6>at the border of Nigeria and Cameroon (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eSaragab</td><td>Mboandem</td><td><h6>Nigeria (on the border with Cameroon)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>osoro</td><td>Akum </td><td><h6>a Nigerian language. At least six languages are either linguistically or geographically close to Akum. These languages are: Beezen, spoken in the Cameroonian village of Kpek; Isu, a dialect of Aghem spoken in the village of Isu; Jukun (listed in ALCAM as Njikum 701), a Nigerian language spoken in Fru Bana; and the three Nigerian languages of Nsн, Lidzi, and Lisa, spoken in villages of the same names.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>saNg~e</td><td>Njwande</td><td><h6>Southern Taraba State, Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gwewulen</td><td>Kamino</td><td><h6>Southern Taraba State, Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ekwen/ekwe</td><td>Buru</td><td><h6>Southern Taraba State, Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ezai</td><td>Bilma Kanuri</td><td><h6>Niger (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eyi</td><td>Esimbi</td><td><h6>Niger, Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eyi</td><td>Kupa</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eyi</td><td>Oko Osanye Eni</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eyefi</td><td>Ega</td><td><h6>Cote d'Ivoire (Kwa; Niger-Congo; Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mmok</td><td>Kenyang</td><td><h6>Cameroon (Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mok</td><td>Central Kenyang</td><td><h6>Cameroon (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mok</td><td>Haut Kenyang</td><td><h6>Cameroon (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mog</td><td>Bas Kenyang</td><td><h6>Cameroon (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mo</td><td>Rogo</td><td><h6>Rogo (also Urogo, Burogo, Ucanja Kamuku) is a Kainji language of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Moi (Mui; mEi)</td><td>Gando</td><td><h6>Central African Republic, on the border with Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>moese; moi; mwese</td><td>Lingala</td><td><h6>The language is used in Zaire on North and south banks of Congo river. The central group of Congo zone of Bantu language family. Trere are about one million of speakers. As they say, 'Lingala language is a mediator, formed by Bobanga and Ngala languages mixing'.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mae</td><td>Tur (Hdi)</td><td><h6>Cameroon, Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mamai</td><td>Gamo Ningi</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>moi</td><td>Bene Bomitaba</td><td><h6>Northern area of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>moi</td><td>Boleke Bomitaba</td><td><h6>Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>moi</td><td>Bondeko Bomitaba</td><td><h6>Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>moi</td><td>Botala Bomitaba</td><td><h6>the Epena district of Northern Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>moi</td><td>Liouesso Bomitaba</td><td><h6>in the Northern area of Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>moi</td><td>Matoko Bomitaba</td><td><h6>Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>moi</td><td>Impfondo</td><td><h6>Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mone</td><td>Boa Abamake</td><td><h6>on the North of the Democratic Republic of Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mone</td><td>Boa Babanda</td><td><h6>on the North of the Democratic Republic of Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mone</td><td>Boa Buta</td><td><h6>on the North of the Democratic Republic of Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Mone</td><td>Lebeo</td><td><h6>the Democratic Republic of Congo, in the Northern part of the Tshopo privince</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mone</td><td>Pagibete</td><td><h6>Pagibete is a Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mlo</td><td>Tikar Akuen</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mwot</td><td>A51 Bafia Tumi Tingon</td><td><h6>The Bafia language is a Bantu language spoken by 60,000 people in Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>m3now</td><td>Bambalang</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>manda</td><td>Himba</td><td><h6>in Southern Angola</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>omanda</td><td>Tsogo</td><td><h6>Tsogo (Getsogo) is a Bantu language of Gabon. It is one of the principal languages of the Babongo Pygmies.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>minyeri</td><td>Barein</td><td><h6>Chad (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>minzeri</td><td>Komiya (dialect of the Barein language)</td><td><h6>the language in south central Chad (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>molEngi (lENg~i)</td><td>Kundu</td><td><h6>Cameroon (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>monto*n</td><td>Southern Birifor</td><td><h6>Ghana, Cote d'Ivoire</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mpumtentshwi**</td><td>Akanunku</td><td><h6>Cameroon, Central Africa, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>empum</td><td>Baraka</td><td><h6>North West Province, Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ompum</td><td>Achama</td><td><h6>North West Province, Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>empumetche</td><td>Tanka</td><td><h6>North West Province, Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>chue; iichfi-iyvi</td><td>Kom</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eoooe</td><td>Mpyemo </td><td><h6>Camerunian branch</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ooacoa</td><td>Nomaande </td><td><h6>Camerunian branch</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ongona</td><td>Tuki</td><td><h6>Camerunian branch (Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pac</td><td>Mbuko</td><td><h6>Camerunian branch</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pat</td><td>Dangla</td><td><h6>Dangaleat (also known as Dangla, Danal, Dangal) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in central Chad.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pat</td><td>Mabire</td><td><h6>Central African Republic</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pat</td><td>Merey</td><td><h6>Camerunian branch</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pat</td><td>Zulgo</td><td><h6>Northern Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pat</td><td>Nge</td><td><h6> (!) Southern Laos</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pac (pats)</td><td>Mafa-Magumaz</td><td><h6>Northern Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pato</td><td>Bidiyo</td><td><h6>Bidiyo (also known as Bidyo, Bidio, Bidiyo, Bidiyo-Waana, Bidiya) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in south central Chad.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pato</td><td>Migama</td><td><h6>Migaama (also known as Migama, Jongor, Djonkor, Dionkor, Dyongor, Djonkor About Telfane) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in central Chad.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pats</td><td>Mafa-Matakam-Mofa</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pats</td><td>Mafa-Sulede</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pats</td><td>Mefele</td><td><h6>Mefele is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Northern Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pats</td><td>Northern Mafa</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>paya</td><td>Gidar</td><td><h6>the language of the tribe at the Northern Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pedi</td><td>Dass Dwat</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pedo</td><td>Mokulu</td><td><h6>Mokilko, or Mukulu (also known as Gergiko, Guerguiko, Mokoulou, Djonkor Guera, Dyongor Guera, Diongor Guera, Jonkor-Gera), is a Chadic language spoken in central Chad.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>piCi</td><td>Wamdiu</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>puCi</td><td>Hildi</td><td><h6>Northern Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>puCi</td><td>Kwaami</td><td><h6>The Kwaami language (also known as Komawa, Kwam, Kwamanchi, Kwami, or Kwom) is a West Chadic language spoken in Bauchi State, Nigeria, near the city of Gombe.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>p3Ci</td><td>Kilba (Huba)</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pisi</td><td>Gera</td><td><h6>Gera (also known as Gerawa) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pizi</td><td>Galambu</td><td><h6>Galambu (also known as Galambi, Galambe, Galembi) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pido</td><td>Saba</td><td><h6>Saba is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in south central Chad.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>piji</td><td>Kubi</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pila</td><td>Proto-Togo</td><td><h6>Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pio</td><td>Sokoro</td><td><h6>Sokoro is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in central Chad.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pis (bis)</td><td>Sakun (Sukur)</td><td><h6>Spoken in Cameroon, Niger, Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pis</td><td>Goemai</td><td><h6>West Chadic; Afro-Asiatic; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pas</td><td>Cuvok</td><td><h6>Cuvok is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Northern Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pas</td><td>Mofu</td><td><h6>an Chadic language spoken in Northern Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pas</td><td>Mofu-Gudur</td><td><h6>Mofu-Gudur, or South Mofu, is an Chadic language spoken in Northern Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pit</td><td>Polci Buli</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>piTada</td><td>Pajade</td><td><h6>Pajade (Badyara) is a Senegambian language of Guinea and Guinea-Bissau.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pite</td><td>Dyarim</td><td><h6>Central Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pite</td><td>Zul</td><td><h6>One of the West Chadic languages mainly spoken in Zul village near Zaranda Mountain in Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>putE</td><td>Polci Zul </td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pute</td><td>Aka Kol</td><td><h6>The Kol were one of the indigenous peoples of the Andaman Islands (India).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pute</td><td>Oko Juwoi</td><td><h6>The Juwoi language, Oko-Juwoi (also Junoi), is an extinct Great Andamanese language, of the Central group. It was spoken in the west central and southwest interior of Middle Andaman.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pute**</td><td>Dira</td><td><h6>Burkina Faso? Africa.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pus</td><td>Shall</td><td><h6>spoken in Shall village in Bauchi State, Central Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pus</td><td>Zwall</td><td><h6>spoken in Lere district, Central Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pus</td><td>Miship</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pus</td><td>Mupun</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pus</td><td>Chip</td><td><h6>eastern regions of Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pus</td><td>Ngas</td><td><h6>Ngas, or Angas, is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pori</td><td>Kanakuru</td><td><h6>(or Dera), is a West Chadic language of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>poti</td><td>Maaka (Maha)</td><td><h6>A language of north-easter Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>poti</td><td>Bole</td><td><h6>one of the Yobe languages, Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>p-u:wi</td><td>Tegem</td><td><h6>Tegem, also Jebel Tekeim, is a Niger-Congo language spoken in Kordofan, Sudan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>puwu</td><td>El Amira</td><td><h6>Amira, also Jebel el Amira, is a Niger-Congo language spoken in Kordofan, Sudan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pu</td><td>Adangme</td><td><h6>Adangme (also called Dangme), is a Kwa language spoken in south-eastern Ghana by 800,000 people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pud'iyo</td><td>Ubi</td><td><h6>Ubi (also known as Oubi) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in central Chad.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pandE</td><td>Bom Sierra Leone</td><td><h6>Sierra Leone (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pa</td><td>Dompo</td><td><h6>Ghana, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pa</td><td>Bodo</td><td><h6>East of Central African Republic</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>paleN</td><td>Kissi (Kisi)</td><td><h6>Northern Kissi spoken in Guinea and Sierra Leone. Southern Kissi spoken in Liberia and Sierra Leone.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>passar</td><td>Meidob Nubian</td><td><h6>Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>passar</td><td>Meidob</td><td><h6>Meidob (also spelt Midob) is the language of the Midob people of North Darfur, Sudan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>epeni</td><td>Gonja</td><td><h6>Ghana, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>epepe</td><td>Ibani</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pidii</td><td>Polci</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pw~os</td><td>Bonek</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pyon</td><td>Kwa Nigeria</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pri</td><td>Bura</td><td><h6>in the north-eastern part of Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>t-εŋən</td><td>Ko (Winye)</td><td><h6>Gur; Niger-Congo; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tεle</td><td>Numu</td><td><h6>The Jogo or Numu languages are at least a pair of closely related Mande languages, Ligbi of Ghana and the extinct Tonjon of Cote d'Ivoire.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>th~aNg~u</td><td>Beembe</td><td><h6>Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>th~e</td><td>Central Koma</td><td><h6>South Sudan (Upper Nile province)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>TiNg~i</td><td>Jomang</td><td><h6>Northern Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>TiNg~i</td><td>Nding</td><td><h6>Nding is an extinct Niger-Congo language in the Talodi family of Kordofan, Sudan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>TiNg~i</td><td>Tocho</td><td><h6>Tocho (Tacho) is a Niger-Congo language in the Talodi family spoken in Kordofan, Sudan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tjini (Cini)</td><td>Lumun</td><td><h6>Northern Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tiri</td><td>Ruumbu Kimwaansa</td><td><h6>Congo (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Tiro</td><td>Glio Oubi</td><td><h6>Cote d'Ivoire (on the border with Liberia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tre</td><td>Kanikakan</td><td><h6>Cote d'Ivoire, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Tru</td><td>Wobe</td><td><h6>Wobe (Ouobe) is a Kru language spoken in Cote d'Ivoire.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tyeli; muji</td><td>Fumu</td><td><h6>Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Ti; T3</td><td>Nyangi</td><td><h6>Once spoken in Uganda.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ti</td><td>Lendu</td><td><h6>The Lendu, or Balendru, are an ethno-linguistic agriculturalist group residing in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo in the area west and Northwest of Lake Albert, specifically the Ituri Region of Orientale Province.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tiloo (tili)</td><td>Mandinka</td><td> <h6>The Mandinka language (Mandingo) is one of the Mande languages spoken by millions of Mandinka people in Mali, Senegal, Gambia, Guinea and Cote d'Ivoire.</h6> </td> </tr><tr><td>tle</td><td>Jula Vehiculaire</td><td><h6>Cote d'Ivoire</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tili</td><td>Xasonke</td><td><h6>a language spoken by the Khassonke of western Mali and by the Malinke of eastern Senegal. Kassonke is a national language in Mali.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tili</td><td>Xaasongaxango</td><td><h6>Xaasongaxango is a Manding-West language spoken on the border of Mali and Senegal.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tili</td><td>Maninkakan Kita</td><td><h6>in the Southwestern Mali (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tile</td><td>Bambara [bam]</td><td><h6>Major language of Mali, West Africa.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tilo; ley</td><td>Balanta Ganja</td><td><h6>Guinea Bassau (Western Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ley; tilo</td><td>Ganja</td><td><h6>Fganja (Ganja). A separate language from Balanta-Kentohe in Guinea-Bissau.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lella</td><td>Bua</td><td><h6>The Bua language is spoken North of the Chari River around Korbol and Gabil in Chad (Africa).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lem</td><td>Tapshin</td><td><h6>the Sur language, spoken in Tapshin village in Bauchi State, Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lemi</td><td>Kesukuma</td><td><h6>Tanzania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lere</td><td>Yamdena</td><td><h6>Yamdena is an Austronesian language of the Maluku Islands in Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>letu</td><td>Burunge</td><td><h6>Southern Cushitic; Afro-Asiatic; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wil (?)</td><td>Amanda</td><td><h6>Southern Taraba State, Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wintoxo; windiga; wEnde; sore</td><td>Mooré (Moore)</td><td><h6>Burkina Faso</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>noyn; woyn</td><td>Songhay of Hombori</td><td><h6>(Humburi Senni) Burkina Faso, West Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wuntana</td><td>Dagbani</td><td><h6>(wuntoju - archaic form of wuntaia); a Gur language spoken in Ghana</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wunto</td><td>Kamara</td><td><h6>Ghana (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wuntENE</td><td>Mampruli</td><td><h6>Mamprusi is a Gur language spoken in Northern Ghana by the Mamprusi people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wont~aNa; wunte:ŋa</td><td>Frafra</td><td><h6>Frafra or Farefare, also known as Gurene, is the language of the Frafra people of Northern Ghana, particularly the Upper East Region, and Southern Burkina Faso. (Other names and dialects are Booni, Gudeni, Gudenne, Gurne, Gurune, Naani, Nankana, Nankani, Nankanse, Talene, Talensi, Talni, Zuadeni).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wayno, wayna</td><td>Zarma</td><td><h6>Language specific to Niger (Songhay; Nilo-Saharan; Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wayna</td><td>Tasawaq</td><td><h6>Tasawaq (Tuareg name: Tesawaq), sometimes also called Ingelshi, is a Northern Songhay language spoken by the Issawaghan (or Ingalkoyyu), a community surrounding the town of Ingal in Niger.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>woyna; woynow</td><td>Koroboro Senni</td><td><h6>Mali (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>w*oynE</td><td>Tondi Songway Kiini</td><td><h6>Tondi Songway Kiini is a variety of Southern Songhai spoken in several villages in the area of Kikara, Mali, about 120 km west of Hombori.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>woyne</td><td>Koyra Chiini</td><td><h6>Spoken in Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger. (Songhay; Nilo-Saharan; Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>woynE</td><td>Djenne Chiini</td><td><h6>Mali (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wayni</td><td>Tadaksahak</td><td><h6>The Dawsahak language, Tadaksahak (also Daoussahak, Dausahaq) is a Songhay language spoken by the pastoralist Idaksahak of the Menaka area of Mali.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>weyno</td><td>Dendi</td><td><h6>Dendi is a Songhay language used as a trade language across Northern Benin</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>we*nE</td><td>Ninkare</td><td><h6>Burkina Faso</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wende</td><td>Notre</td><td><h6>Ghana ot Benin (?)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>we, webu, wia</td><td>Kassem</td><td><h6>Burkina Faso</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wia</td><td>Sissala</td><td><h6>Burkina Faso</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wu</td><td>Dwang</td><td><h6>Ghana (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wu</td><td>Gupa Abawa</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wuln-; wuntan-a</td><td>Dagbani</td><td><h6>Dagbani (Dagbane), also known as Dagbanli and Dagbanle, is a Gur language spoken in Ghana.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wuluŋu</td><td>Hanga</td><td><h6>Ghana (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wulu</td><td>Geme</td><td><h6>Geme is a Zande language spoken in two small villages of the Central African Republic.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>welgwan</td><td>Afi/Amanda</td><td><h6>Southern Taraba State, Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ewu</td><td>Akpes </td><td><h6>Akpes is a dialect cluster spoken in Nigeria that forms a branch of the Volta–Niger languages; Benue-Congo family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ewu</td><td>Akunnu</td><td><h6>Nigeria, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>anw~u</td><td>Igbo Onitsha</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>a5anw~u</td><td>Echie</td><td><h6>the Echie language, spoken in Southern Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ewu</td><td>Akunuu Akpes</td><td><h6>Benue-Congo family: Akpes group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ewu</td><td>Ekiromi Akpes</td><td><h6>Benue-Congo family: Akpes group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ewu</td><td>Kakanda</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>evi</td><td>Ikpana</td><td><h6>Logba is a Kwa language spoken in the south-eastern Ghana by approximately 7,500 people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>evonlen</td><td>Esan</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ewe</td><td>Ajagbe</td><td><h6>(Aja) Benin (in South-western area), Togo (in South-eastern area).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ewe</td><td>Mina</td><td><h6>This language is spoken in the South of Benin, Ghana and Togo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ewe; 3wo; x3</td><td>Kotafon Gbe</td><td><h6>Benin (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ewi</td><td>Gua-1</td><td><h6>Ghana ?</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Ewir</td><td>Ikaan</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>EwiS</td><td>Isheu</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>EwiS</td><td>Iyinno</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ewui; εwi </td><td>Gua</td><td><h6>Gua (Gwa) is a Guang language spoken by 180,000 in coastal Ghana.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Ewui</td><td>Hill Guang</td><td><h6>Ghana (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ewuTen</td><td>Mbembe</td><td><h6>Mbembe is a Cross River language of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ojw~i; ewi</td><td>Awutu</td><td><h6>Awutu is a Guang language spoken by 180,000 in coastal Ghana.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ojw~i</td><td>Efutu</td><td><h6>Ghana, at the Atlantic seashore</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oji</td><td>Kota Mandungwe</td><td><h6>Gabon (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uva</td><td>Isukha</td><td><h6>the Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uva</td><td>Tikuu</td><td><h6>Tanzania (at the Indian ocean seashore in front of Zanzibar island)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uvo; oren</td><td>Urhobo</td><td><h6>Urhobo is one of the Edoid languages and is spoken by the Urhobo people of Southern Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uvon</td><td>Epie</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uw; u'w-a</td><td>Kunama-Ilit</td><td><h6>a divergent variety of Kunama (western Eritrea)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uw</td><td>Ilit</td><td><h6>Eritrea (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uwa; b'a </td><td>Lengola</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uwa; katE</td><td>Kiluba</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uwa</td><td>Kimatengo</td><td><h6>Tanzania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uwa</td><td>Machame</td><td><h6>Tanzania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uwa</td><td>Mbukushu</td><td><h6>in the Eastern area of Namibia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uwa</td><td>Mwani</td><td><h6>Mozambique</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uwa</td><td>Mwera</td><td><h6>Tanzania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uwey</td><td>Rukul</td><td><h6>Barkul village in Plateau State, Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uwi</td><td>Horom</td><td><h6>a Plateau language of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uwienu</td><td>Mbelime</td><td><h6>Mbelime, or Niende, is a Gur language of Benin.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>weNu (wenji)</td><td>Nateni</td><td><h6>Nateni (Natemba) is a language of the Gurma people spoken in Benin.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uwoi</td><td>Janji</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>u-ye</td><td>Gangam</td><td><h6>Ngangam (Gangam) is a language of the Gurma people spoken in Togo and Benin.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uye</td><td>Shau</td><td><h6>Shau (Sho), or Lishau, is a nearly extinct Kainji language of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uyuen</td><td>Iguta</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vəcəya</td><td>Wandala</td><td><h6>Wandala, also Mandara or Mura', is an Afro-Asiatic language of Cameroon and Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>v3Ci (vewci)</td><td>Psikye-Higi Kamale</td><td><h6>Nigeria and North Western Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>v3Ci</td><td>Fali Gili</td><td><h6>Northeast of Nigeria (the border with Cameroon)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>v3Ci</td><td>Fali Kiriya</td><td><h6>Northeast of Nigeria (the border with Cameroon)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>v3Ci</td><td>Futu</td><td><h6>the language at the Eastern Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>v3Ci</td><td>Kamale</td><td><h6>at the border between Nigeria and Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>v3Ci</td><td>Kamwe-Fali Gili</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>v3Ci</td><td>Kamwe-Higi Futu</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>v3Ci</td><td>Kamwe-Higi-Nkafa</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>v3Ci</td><td>Nkafa</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wese; wese soe</td><td>Ngbaka </td><td><h6>Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wese</td><td>Bokoto </td><td><h6>Central African republic</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wese</td><td>Gbaya Bozoum</td><td><h6>Central African republic</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wese</td><td>Gbeya Bossangoa</td><td><h6>Gbaya-Manza-Ngbaka; Niger-Congo; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wese</td><td>Gbeya</td><td><h6>Gbaya-Manza-Ngbaka; Niger-Congo; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wese</td><td>Kara Bodoe</td><td><h6>the language of the tribe in the West of Central African Republic</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wese</td><td>Manza</td><td><h6>Central African Republic</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wese</td><td>Mboshi Bunji</td><td><h6>Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wese</td><td>Ngbaka Manza</td><td><h6>Central African Republic</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wese</td><td>Yaayuwee</td><td><h6>(Northwest Gbaya) Cameroon (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wasa</td><td>Mbesa</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>viCi</td><td>Bazza</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>viCi</td><td>Kamwe-Fali Kiria</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>viCi</td><td>Kamwe-Higi-Baza</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>v3n (n3; bv3n); tyal </td><td>Lwel Kilori</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bv3n</td><td>Dzing Bisey</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bv3n</td><td>Dzing Sedzo</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bvan (bvEn)</td><td>Dzing </td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>???</td><td>Bina</td><td><h6>Cameroon (at the Atlantic coast)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vE</td><td>Ikposo</td><td><h6>Togo (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vena</td><td>Ngz (?)</td><td><h6> Congo ??? Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vi-an</td><td>Eton</td><td><h6>Eton, or Iton, is a Bantu language spoken by the Eton people of Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vian</td><td>Ewondo</td><td><h6>Ewondo or Kolo is the language of the Ewondo people (more precisely Beti be Kolo or simply Kolo-Beti) of Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vian</td><td>Mengisa</td><td><h6>Cameroon (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>viE</td><td>Fang Meke</td><td><h6>Central region of Gabon (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Vina</td><td>Mbingi</td><td><h6>the Democratic Republic of Congo, province Kasai</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vivat</td><td>Fyer</td><td><h6>Fyer (also known as Fier) is a West Chadic language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vuŋwasə</td><td>Mbu'</td><td><h6>Mbu', or Ajumbu, is a Southern Bantoid language of Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vun</td><td>Ding</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vuna (dwa)</td><td>Tiene</td><td><h6>Tiene (Tiini), or Tende, is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vya; wya</td><td>Baoule</td><td><h6>the Niger-Congo family of languages</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wya (vya)</td><td>Baule</td><td><h6>Cote d'Ivoire (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vyE</td><td>Fang Souanke</td><td><h6>Central region of Gabon (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vyEn</td><td>Fang Ntumu</td><td><h6>Central region of Gabon (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vyn</td><td>Dzing Kaantsa</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vyosa</td><td>Sekiyani</td><td><h6>Equatorial Guinea, Gabon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>w?</td><td>Koshin</td><td><h6>Koshin is a Southern Bantoid language of Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>w3</td><td>Kasem</td><td><h6>Burkina Faso</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wa; mezi ba iba </td><td>Mwini</td><td><h6>Tanzania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wa</td><td>Lokele Yepoloma</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wa</td><td>Lolo</td><td><h6>Mozambique</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wane; bo5ElE</td><td>Bolia</td><td><h6>Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wane</td><td>Bira</td><td><h6>on the East of the Democratic Republic of Congo (on the border with Uganda) </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wani</td><td>Bira Miala Bunia</td><td><h6>on the East of the Democratic Republic of Congo (on the border with Uganda)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wani</td><td>Bira Sedzabo</td><td><h6>on the East of the Democratic Republic of Congo (on the border with Uganda)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>war</td><td>Tewa Deing</td><td><h6>The Tewa language is spoken in seven Pueblos in the Southwest United States. There are six Tewa speaking Pueblos in the Rio Grande Valley of New Mexico consisting of Nambe, Ohkay Owingeh, Pojoaque, Santa Clara, San Ildefonso and Tesuque.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wElgw~an</td><td>Afi Amanda</td><td><h6>Cameroun</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wE*i*</td><td>Pana</td><td><h6>Pana is an Mbum language of the Central African Republic.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wey</td><td>Mansoanka</td><td><h6>Guinea Bissau</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wei</td><td>Bakole</td><td><h6>Cameroon (at the Atlantic seashore)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wei</td><td>Duala</td><td><h6>Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wei</td><td>Epena Bomitaba</td><td><h6>Nothern Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wei</td><td>Ibolo Bambomba Bomitaba</td><td><h6>Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wei</td><td>Itanga Bomitaba</td><td><h6>Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wei</td><td>Koundoumou Bambomba Bomitaba</td><td><h6>Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wi; windi</td><td>Gula Iro (self-name Kulaal)</td><td><h6>in southern Chad</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wi</td><td>Natioro</td><td><h6>Natioro (Natyoro), or Koo'ra, is a Niger-Congo language of Burkina Faso spoken by a caste of blacksmiths.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wi</td><td>Tutrugbu</td><td><h6>spoken in the Volta Region of Ghana</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wia</td><td>Sisaala Tumulung</td><td><h6>Sisaala (Sissala) is a Gur language cluster spoken in Ghana near the town of Tumu and in the neighbouring republic of Burkina Faso.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wini</td><td>Zoombo 2</td><td><h6>Northern Angola</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>winiN</td><td>Kusaal</td><td><h6>Kusaal, or Kusasi (Qusasi), is a Gur language spoken primarily in Northern Ghana.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dy~ugan; too-kun; wingin</td><td>Gadang</td><td><h6>Gadang is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in southwestern Chad.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wira (?)</td><td>Kikuyu</td><td><h6>(Gikuyu) is a language of the Bantu family in central region of Kenya.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wi-ri</td><td>Lobi</td><td><h6>Lobi (also Miwa and Lobiri) is a Gur language of Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wis3</td><td>Bu</td><td><h6>Cameroun</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wisE7</td><td>Paasaal</td><td><h6>Paasaal, or Pasaale Sisaala (Southern Sisaala) is a Gur language of Ghana, with a thousand speakers in Cote d'Ivoire.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wisi</td><td>Kabiye</td><td><h6>Togo (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wise; wo</td><td>Bu</td><td><h6>Bu-Ninkada (Ibut, Abu, Jida) is a Plateau language of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wiye</td><td>Wara</td><td><h6>Wara is an alternative name for either of these two Niger-Congo languages of Burkina Faso: Samwe language. Paleni language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wo</td><td>Mundabli</td><td><h6>Mundabli is a Southern Bantoid language of Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wos</td><td>Nyokon</td><td><h6>The Nyokon language, also known as Nyo'o, is a Southern Bantoid language of Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wos</td><td>Yambeta</td><td><h6>Yambeta is a Southern Bantoid language of Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wo li</td><td>Bomu</td><td><h6>This language is spoken in Mali (near the border with Burkina Faso)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wuo</td><td>Cung</td><td><h6>Cung (Chung) is a dialect of an Eastern Beboid language of Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>d'hwcn</td><td>C'Lela</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taba</td><td>Gabri</td><td><h6>the Tandjile Region of Chad.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taNli</td><td>Ipulo</td><td><h6>Ipulo, or Assumbo, is a Tivoid language of Cameroon. The rather divergent dialects are Olulu and Tinta/Etongo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tabəra</td><td>Mser</td><td><h6>Mser, or Kousseri (Kuseri), is a moribund Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Northern Cameroon and southwestern Chad.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tari</td><td>Mbede</td><td><h6>(also Ambede, Limbede, Mbere and Mbete) Bantu language in Congo, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tari</td><td>Mbede—Gabon</td><td><h6>Bantu language (Gabon, Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tari</td><td>Nduumo Kuya</td><td><h6>Gabon (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tari </td><td>Ndumu</td><td><h6>Nduumo (Mindumbu) is a Bantu language spoken in Gabon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tal</td><td>Boghom</td><td><h6>Boghom (also known as Bogghom, Bohom, Burom, Burum, Burrum, Burma, Borrom, Boghorom, Bokiyim) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tele</td><td>Gbelebankakan</td><td><h6>North-western region of Ivory Coast (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tele</td><td>Bodugukakan</td><td><h6>North-western region of Ivory Coast (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tele</td><td>Folokakan</td><td><h6>North-western region of Ivory Coast (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tali</td><td>Mbamba Liweme (Lembaamba, Mbaama, Mbama, Mbamba, Obamba)</td><td><h6>Congo (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tali; muyi</td><td>Mbamba</td><td><h6>Gabon (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tali</td><td>Mbamba Sibiti</td><td><h6>Congo (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tali</td><td>Ndouba</td><td><h6>Congo ?</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tali</td><td>Nkomo Kelle</td><td><h6>Congo ?</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tali</td><td>Nkomo Ololi</td><td><h6>Congo ?</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tali</td><td>Ntsiami</td><td><h6>Congo ?</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tali</td><td>Obaa</td><td><h6>Congo ?</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tali</td><td>Obeli</td><td><h6>Congo ?</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tali</td><td>Oyabi</td><td><h6>Congo ?</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tali</td><td>Oyuomi Mbama</td><td><h6>Mbaama (Lembaamba) is a Bantu language spoken in the Bambama District (Lekoumou Region) of the Republic of Congo and in Haut-Ogooue Province, south of Okondja, in Gabon by the Obamba people. (?)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tali</td><td>Oyuomi Tcherre</td><td><h6>Congo ?</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tali</td><td>Yaba Mbeti</td><td><h6>Cuvette-Ouest Department, Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tali</td><td>Sakata Kibai</td><td><h6>DR Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tali</td><td>Teke Omvula</td><td><h6>in the South of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mhi; tali</td><td>Kukuya</td><td><h6>Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tale</td><td>Ligbi</td><td><h6>Ligbi (or Ligby) is a Mande language spoken in Ghana in the North-west corner of the Brong-Ahafo Region. Ligbi is spoken by approximately 10,000 speakers (1988). It is fairly closely related to Jula, Vai and Kono.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tala</td><td>Ngungwel</td><td><h6>Ngungwel (also known as Engungwel, Ngangoulou, Ngangulu, Ngungulu, Northeastern Teke) is a language of Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tal</td><td>Boghom</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tal</td><td>Kir Balar</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tal</td><td>Mangas</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ital</td><td>Nzadi</td><td><h6>Nzadi is a Bantu language spoken in Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>itaN</td><td>Bushong</td><td><h6>Bushong (Bushoong) is a Bantu language of the Kasai region of Democratic Republic of the Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taj</td><td>Kete Ipila</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taj</td><td>Salampasu</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tam</td><td>Mono</td><td><h6>Mono language (Congo), a Ubangian language spoken by 65,000 people in the Democratic Republic of Congo Mono language (Cameroon)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tam3z3</td><td>Manta</td><td><h6>Manta (Anta, Banta) is a Grassfields language of Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taN</td><td>Ngongo</td><td><h6>Southern Democratic Republic of Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tang</td><td>Yanz Kibongo</td><td><h6>a Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tang</td><td>Tsambaan Yanz</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taNg~o (taNo)</td><td>Ndonga</td><td><h6>Ndonga, also called Oshindonga, is a Bantu language spoken in Namibia and parts of Angola.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taNg~o</td><td>Yaka Sud</td><td><h6>The South-western area of Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taNk~u; taNw~a</td><td>Yaka</td><td><h6>Yaka, also spelled Iaca and Iyaka, is a Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Angola.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taNu</td><td>Yaka Pelende</td><td><h6>the Democratic Republic of Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tangu</td><td>Sonde Feshi</td><td><h6>the Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tangu</td><td>Tsaangi</td><td><h6>Tsaangi (Tsangui) is a Bantu language spoken in Gabon and the Republic of Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tangu</td><td>Zoombo</td><td><h6>Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tangu</td><td>Ibongo</td><td><h6>Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tangu</td><td>Kongo Manyanga</td><td><h6>Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tangu</td><td>Mbagani</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tangu</td><td>Kunyi</td><td><h6>Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tangu</td><td>Lumbu</td><td><h6>Gabon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tangu; taNwa</td><td>Lwalwa</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tangu; muimi, imi (ini)</td><td>Laadi</td><td><h6>Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Tango (taNgu)</td><td>Lele Luhileel</td><td><h6>the Democratic Republic of Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tangu; gwisi; gwisi diumbi</td><td>Punu</td><td><h6>Punu is a Bantu language spoken in Gabon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tenya</td><td>Sonde Gisoondi</td><td><h6>The South-West of the Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tangwa</td><td>Sonde Kiluwa</td><td><h6>The South-West of the Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tangwa</td><td>Kongo San Salvador</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kongo Central district)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tangwa</td><td>Suku</td><td><h6>Suku is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tangwa</td><td>Mbunda Gangela</td><td><h6>West of Zambia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taNgw$a; Ng~amb~a</td><td>Yaka Yaf</td><td><h6>the Democratic Republic of Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tankwa (taNgwa)</td><td>Wongo</td><td><h6>Wongo is a Bantu language in Kasai-Occidental Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dangwa</td><td>Kwezo</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tangwa</td><td>Ciokwe</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taNw~a</td><td>Ngangela </td><td><h6>Angola</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taNwa</td><td>Ilebo</td><td><h6>the Democratic Republic of Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>toNga (tonka); wE*sE</td><td>Sake</td><td><h6>Shake (Sake) is an undocumented and threatened Bantu language spoken in Gabon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tond~E</td><td>Bakossi</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taga</td><td>Kari</td><td><h6>at the border of Central African Republic and Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>litadi; tadi; yi</td><td>Duma</td><td><h6>Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Gabon, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tadi</td><td>Ndasa</td><td><h6>Ndasa is a Bantu language spoken in Gabon and the Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cuba; danga; jani; tadi; tango; tanya</td><td>Proto-Bantu</td><td><h6>Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tanya; tangwa</td><td>Mbunda</td><td><h6>West of Zambia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tanga (tang)</td><td>Mput</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taNga</td><td>Kwambi</td><td><h6>North of Namibia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ntangu</td><td>Kikongo</td><td><h6>Kongo or Kikongo is one of the Bantu languages and is spoken by the Kongo and Ndundu people living in the tropical forests of the Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ntangu</td><td>Kituba</td><td><h6>Creoles and Pidgins; other; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ta ngu</td><td>Hangala</td><td><h6>Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taN; taNa</td><td>Hungana</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taN</td><td>Mbuun Labaempi</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taN</td><td>Mbuun Mwilanbong</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taN</td><td>Mpiin 2</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>TanNa</td><td>Senoufo Supyire</td><td><h6>Supyire, or Suppire, is a Senufo language spoken in the Sikasso Region of southeastern Mali and in adjoining regions of Cote d'Ivoire, where it is known as Shempire (Syenpire).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tAnnga</td><td>Bangi</td><td><h6>The Bangi language, or Bobangi, is a relative and main lexical source of the Lingala language spoken in central Africa. Dialects of the language are spoken on both sides of the Ubangi and Congo Rivers.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taNu</td><td>Bembe 2</td><td><h6>Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taci; suyi; usa</td><td>Wumbvu</td><td><h6>Wumbvu (Wumvu) is a Bantu language spoken in Gabon and the Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suy</td><td>Lamnso'</td><td><h6>Nso (Lamnso) is the language of the Nso people of western Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Suy</td><td>Lamnsoq</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ta</td><td>Sakata Kutu</td><td><h6>DR Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ta; muani</td><td>Yanz</td><td><h6>Yans (Yanzi) is a Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taZ</td><td>Kete</td><td><h6>Kete is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ta</td><td>Yanz Kiyey</td><td><h6>a Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ta</td><td>Yanz Kumakuma</td><td><h6>a Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ta</td><td>Gule (a.k.a. Anej)</td><td><h6>(Nilo-Saharan language) Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ta</td><td>Bayot</td><td><h6>Guinea Bissau (Western Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ta</td><td>Langa</td><td><h6>Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>To; jo</td><td>Mashi</td><td><h6>Mashi (Kamaxi), or Kwandu, is a Bantu language of Zambia and Angola.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>To</td><td>Mashi Nigeria</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Tob</td><td>Basaa</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Tol</td><td>Nkim</td><td><h6>Southeastern Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Tolo</td><td>Bassa</td><td><h6>Liberia (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>otot</td><td>Tunen</td><td><h6>The Nen language, Tunen (Banen), is a Southern Bantoid language of Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>otyo</td><td>Sewe</td><td><h6>Cameroon, Africa.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oTowi; ɔcwe</td><td>Krachi</td><td><h6>Krachi (Krache, Krakye) is a Guang language spoken by 58,000 in Ghana.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>towi (towe)</td><td>Nchumuru</td><td><h6>Ghana (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ouwe</td><td>Foodo</td><td><h6>a Guang language spoken in and around the town of Semere in the North of Benin (Africa).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Cyowi</td><td>Tchumbuli</td><td><h6>Benin (Africa) </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>avaCa</td><td>Jina</td><td><h6>Jina (Zina) is a minor Afro-Asiatic language of Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>axaCo</td><td>Birale (Birayle)</td><td><h6>Birale (a.k.a. Ongota), a moribund language of Southwest Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ayi</td><td>Buduma</td><td><h6>Biu-Mandara; Afro-Asiatic; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ayro</td><td>Afar</td><td><h6>Afar is a Cushitic language spoken in Ethiopia, Djibouti and Eritrea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nag3; wuna:yi</td><td>Biafada</td><td><h6>Northern Atlantic; Niger-Congo; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>okobu (?)</td><td>Fanya</td><td><h6>Fania, Fagnan; also called Kulaale) is the Adamawa language in Chad (Africa). </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kàdi</td><td>Gulay</td><td><h6>Gulay (Gulai, Gulei) is a Bongo-Bagirmi language of Chad.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>k3Nal</td><td>Kanuri</td><td><h6>in the North-Eastern area of Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ka</td><td>Lala-Roba</td><td><h6>Lala-Roba (a.k.a. Gworam) is an Adamawa language of Nigeria. Its name is a compound of two of its dialects, Lala (Lalla), Roba (Robba), and Ebode.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kad</td><td>Dagba</td><td><h6>Central African Republic</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kad3 (kadi)</td><td>Mbai</td><td><h6>Mbai, or Mbay, is a Bongo-Bagirmi language of Chad and the Central African Republic.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kad3; kadi</td><td>Bediondo</td><td><h6>Chad (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kadi</td><td>Mango (??)</td><td><h6>Chad, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kad3</td><td>Bejond</td><td><h6>Central African Republic</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kada</td><td>Bongo</td><td><h6>South Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kada</td><td>Horo</td><td><h6>Chad (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kada</td><td>Modo (Jur Modo)</td><td><h6>South Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kada; sbabo</td><td>Bongo (Bungu; Dor)</td><td><h6>Bongo-Bagirmi; Nilo-Saharan; Southern Sudan, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kaddy$a</td><td>Formona</td><td><h6>at the border of Chad and Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kadeo siNoi</td><td>Gulay</td><td><h6>Southern Chad</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kadja</td><td>Kara</td><td><h6>a language in Northern part of CAR (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kadra</td><td>Baka Sudan</td><td><h6>The South Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kadra</td><td>Gula Sara</td><td><h6>Northern part of the Central African Republic</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kadra</td><td>Gula Zura</td><td><h6>Central African Republic</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kadra</td><td>Sara</td><td><h6>Southern Chad</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kodru</td><td>Fongoro</td><td><h6>Fongoro is a minor Central Sudanic language at the junction of the borders of the Central African republic, Chad and Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kw~adru (kw~odru)</td><td>Gula Mere</td><td><h6>The Northern province of the Central African Republic</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kw~Era (kw~ara)</td><td>Xamtanga</td><td><h6>Xamtanga (also Agawinya, Khamtanga, Simt'anga, Xamir, Xamta) is a Central Cushitic language spoken in Ethiopia by the Xamir people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kw~ara</td><td>Proto-Northern-Agaw</td><td><h6>Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kwara</td><td>Kemant</td><td><h6>Central Cushitic; Afro-Asiatic; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kw~ara</td><td>Bilen</td><td><h6>The Bilen language is spoken by the Bilen people in and around the city of Keren in Eritrea and Kassala in eastern Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kw~ara</td><td>Bilin</td><td><h6>Eritrea (Eastern Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kw~o</td><td>Bozo Hainyaho</td><td><h6>Mali (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kaja</td><td>Gula</td><td><h6>There are several African languages called Gula: Three closely related Bua languages in Southern Chad. Two less closely related Bongo-Baguirmi languages: Gula language (Chad).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kaja</td><td>Kaba Deme Sara</td><td><h6>in southern Chad</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kaja</td><td>Kabadem</td><td><h6>the Central African Republic</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kadi (kad3)</td><td>Gor</td><td><h6>Chad</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kaja</td><td>Na Chad</td><td><h6>The Southern Chad (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kaja</td><td>Sara Kaba Naa</td><td><h6>Southern Chad</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kaja</td><td>Yulu</td><td><h6>a Central Sudanic language spoken by the Yulu people of South Sudan and the Central African Republic (CAR).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kala; kaya</td><td>Kwama</td><td><h6>Kwama (also Afan Mao, Amam, Gogwama, Goma, Gwama, Koma of Asosa, Nokanoka, North Koma, T'wa Kwama, Takwama) is a Koman language, spoken in the South Benishangul-Gumuz region of Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kaya</td><td>Northern Koma</td><td><h6>Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kayaNa</td><td>Bago Kusuntu</td><td><h6>Togo (Western Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kala</td><td>Kuwaa</td><td><h6>The Kuwaa language, also known as Belle, Belleh, Kowaao, and Kwaa, is a Kru language of the Niger-Congo language family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kala7</td><td>Southern Koma</td><td><h6>The Koma language is a member of the Duru branch of Savanna languages of Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kaliku (kaliko)</td><td>Tsamai</td><td><h6>Tsamai (also known as Ts'amay, S'amai, Tamaha, Tsamako, Tsamakko, Bago S'amakk-Ulo) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Ethiopia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>keteN (keteŋ)</td><td>Landuma</td><td><h6>Sierra Leone (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>keteN</td><td>Landoma</td><td><h6>Guinea (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kh~itaN</td><td>Bebe</td><td><h6>Bebe, or Naami, is an Eastern Beboid language of Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kia (kya)</td><td>Dogoso</td><td><h6>at the Southern area of Burkina Faso</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kine</td><td>Tima</td><td><h6>Tima, also known as Domorik or Lomorik, is a Katla language spoken by the Tima people of Sudan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kitu</td><td>Agi</td><td><h6>South Sudan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kitu</td><td>Kediru</td><td><h6>South Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kitu</td><td>Lakamadi</td><td><h6>South Sudan (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kitu</td><td>Miza</td><td><h6>South Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kitu</td><td>Logo</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kitu</td><td>Wadi</td><td><h6>South Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kiye</td><td>Soninke [snk] </td><td><h6>language of Mali, West Africa.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ko- pl.; ya:nu**; n-o:ko**</td><td>Bidyogo-Wilson</td><td><h6>Guinea and Guinea-Bissau</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kp~iro</td><td>Viemo</td><td><h6>Vyemo (Viemo), a.k.a. Vige, Vigue, Vigye, is a language of Burkina Faso</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>εhwεbε</td><td>Ikwere</td><td><h6>Ikwere (Ikwerre) is a language spoken primarily by the Ikwerre people who inhabit Rivers State, Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kuari</td><td>N Tairora</td><td><h6>Australia and Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kura; ui'ya</td><td>Kunama</td><td><h6>Kunama is spoken by the Kunama people of western Eritrea and just across the Ethiopian border.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kurah3</td><td>Zoe</td><td><h6>Brazil</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kuwa</td><td>Siwu</td><td><h6>Siwu is spoken in the mountainous central part of the Volta Region of Ghana.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kara</td><td>Bile</td><td><h6>Bile is one of the Southern Bantoid Jarawan languages of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kara</td><td>Beele</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kar </td><td>Ngambay</td><td><h6>Ngambay is one of the major languages spoken by Sara people in southwestern Chad, Northeastern Cameroon and eastern Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kamkara</td><td>Naba Kuka</td><td><h6>Naba is a Nilo-Saharan language spoken by 300,000 people in Chad. Those who speak this language are called Lisi, a collective name for three closely associated ethnic groups, the Bilala, the Kuka and the Medogo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kare</td><td>Kaba</td><td><h6>Chad and the Central African Republic.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kare</td><td>Kabba</td><td><h6>in the Northwestern Central African Republic</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ukare ana</td><td>Kudu Camo</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kasa</td><td>Mser</td><td><h6>Northern Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kaSo</td><td>To</td><td><h6>To is an unclassified Mbum language of Northern Cameroon and the Central African Republic.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kaT; kaTa</td><td>Bagirmi</td><td><h6>(also Baguirmi) is the language of the Baguirmi people in the Southwestern Chad, belonging to the Nilo-Saharan family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kaTan</td><td>Sinyar</td><td><h6>Shemya is the language of the Sinyar people. It is a Central Sudanic language spoken in Chad and formerly in Darfur, Sudan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kaza</td><td>Ndoka</td><td><h6>CAR (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kaza</td><td>Furu</td><td><h6>Furu is a Central Sudanic language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kaza</td><td>Gula Car</td><td><h6>the Northern area of the CAR (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kEm</td><td>Kamba</td><td><h6>Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ken</td><td>Eregba</td><td><h6>Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ken</td><td>Kpan</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kera</td><td>Zaambo</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kanga</td><td>Koyo Ehambe Makua</td><td><h6>Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Kanga</td><td>Koyo Zwe</td><td><h6>Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kangal</td><td>Kanembu</td><td><h6>Kanembu is a Nilo-Saharan language spoken in Chad by the Kanembu people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kongal</td><td>Manga</td><td><h6>a Kanuri language of Eastern Niger</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kantuen; we*n; we*nbiri</td><td>Buli</td><td><h6>A Gur language spoken in Ghana</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kaNw</td><td>East Limba</td><td><h6>The Limba language, Hulimba, is an erstwhile Atlantic language of Sierra Leone. It is not closely related to other languages and appears to form its own branch of the Niger-Congo family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ula</td><td>Momi</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>la *</td><td>Tenyer</td><td><h6>Syer-Tenyer, or Western Karaboro, is a pair of Senufo dialects of Burkina Faso.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>la</td><td>Ngbandi</td><td><h6>Ngbandi are the languages of Ngbandi people, widespread in the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>la*</td><td>Yakouba</td><td><h6>Ivory Coast (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>la</td><td>Ngbaka Kpala</td><td><h6>the Central African Republic</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>la</td><td>Ngbaka Pendi</td><td><h6>Niger-Congo; Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>la</td><td>Sango</td><td><h6>Sango (also spelled Sangho) is a creole language in the Central African Republic and the primary language spoken in the country.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>la</td><td>Yakoma</td><td><h6>Yakoma people, an ethnic group mainly living in the Central African Republic. Yakoma language, spoken by the Yakoma people and others.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>l3</td><td>Nizaa</td><td><h6>Suga, also known as Galim, Nyemnyem, and Nizaa, is a Mambiloid language of Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>l3mu</td><td>Bwe</td><td><h6>The Sino-Tibetan family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>l3juwai</td><td>Bengru Hruso</td><td><h6>North-West part of India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lay</td><td>Diola Fogny</td><td><h6>Language spoken in Senegal (Northern Atlantic; Niger-Congo; Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lεta</td><td>Komso</td><td><h6>Komso (Konso, Khonso, also Af Kareti, Afa Karatti, Conso, Gato, Karate, Kareti) is a Lowland East Cushitic language spoken in southwest Ethiopia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lab</td><td>Wamey</td><td><h6>Wamey (Meyny), or Konyagi (Conhague, Coniagui, Koniagui), is a Senegambian language of Senegal and Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ldama</td><td>Sampur</td><td><h6>Kenya</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>le:hn</td><td>Balanta</td><td><h6>Balanta is a Bak language of west Africa spoken by the Balanta people.(?)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>leku; nego; neiko</td><td>Mangbetu</td><td><h6>Mangbetu, or Nemangbetu, is one of the most populous of the Central Sudanic languages. It is spoken by the Mangbetu people of Northeastern Congo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>neiko</td><td>Asoa</td><td><h6>Asoa (also known as Asua, Asuae, Asuati, Aka), is a Central Sudanic language spoken by the Mbuti Pygmies known as the Asua.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>l-iŋεn (liNEn); gy~E</td><td>Laru</td><td><h6>Laru (Laro, also Shen) is a minor Kainji language of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>liNEn</td><td>Laru Sudan</td><td><h6>Nothern Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>liwule</td><td>Avatime</td><td><h6>Kwa; Niger-Congo; Africa (West Central Ghana)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>liyuva; juva</td><td>Gciriku</td><td><h6>Gciriku or Dciriku (Diriku) or Dirico (in Angola), also known as Manyo or Rumanyo, is a Bantu language spoken by 305,000 people along the Okavango River in Namibia, where it is a national language, in Botswana, and in Angola.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lula</td><td>Lua Niellim</td><td><h6>Chad</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lw~i</td><td>Kpasham</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lyowa</td><td>Isanzu</td><td><h6>Tanzania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>echekira</td><td>Mbembe</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>erein</td><td>Mein</td><td><h6>the language of the Niger Delta, Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tsa:ka, addo </td><td>Dahalo</td><td><h6>Kenya (Southern Cushitic; Afro-Asiatic; Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>atshiwi**; hyaNg~a</td><td>Bum</td><td><h6>Bantu language of Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>atyi</td><td>Qhalaxarzi (Kgalagadi)</td><td><h6>Kgalagadi is one of the Bantu languages spoken in Botswana, along the South African border and in Namibia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>te; ti</td><td>Korokakan</td><td><h6>the language of the tribe in the North-Western Cote d'Ivoire (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>te</td><td>Bolon</td><td><h6>Bolon is a Manding language of Burkina Faso.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>te</td><td>Finangakan</td><td><h6>the language of the tribe in the North-Western Cote d'Ivoire (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>te</td><td>Kono</td><td><h6>The Kono language is a language spoken in Sierra Leone by the Kono people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>te</td><td>Marka</td><td><h6>Burkina Faso (on the border with Mali</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>te</td><td>Mauka</td><td><h6>West of Cote d'Ivoire (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>te</td><td>Maukakan</td><td><h6>West of Cote d'Ivoire</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>te</td><td>Sanga</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>te</td><td>Tenengakan</td><td><h6>the language in the Northwestern part of the Cote d'Ivoire (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>te</td><td>Vai</td><td><h6>The Vai language, also called Vy or Gallinas, is a Mande language spoken by the Vai people in Liberia and in Sierra Leone.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tedi </td><td>Ndjabi</td><td><h6>Gabon (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tedi</td><td>Iwum Wuumbu Sud Teke</td><td><h6>in the South of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>T'EhEd</td><td>Argobba </td><td><h6>Argobba is spoken by about 40,000 people in an area North-east of Addis Ababa in Ethiopia. It is a member of the Southern branch of Semitic languages and has four main dialects: Harar (extinct), Aliyu Amba, Shewa Robit and Shonke.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tekeli</td><td>Luluba</td><td><h6>Alternate names: Lolubo, Luluba, Lulubo, Olu'bo, Olubogo, Oluboti, Ondoe. Where spoken: South Sudan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tEl</td><td>Ingassana</td><td><h6>Sudan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tElE</td><td>Jeri Kuo</td><td><h6>Cote d'Ivoire (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tele</td><td>Kuranko</td><td><h6>Sierra-Leone (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tele</td><td>Lele</td><td><h6>Democratic Republic of the Congo, a Bantu language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tele</td><td>Malinke</td><td><h6>Southwestern Mali (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tElE</td><td>Mfinu Kifulunga</td><td><h6>at the western part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tele</td><td>Mixifore</td><td><h6>Guinea (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tele</td><td>Nowolokakan</td><td><h6>Cote d'Ivoire (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tele</td><td>Tudugukakan</td><td><h6>Northern-Western Cote d'Ivoire (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tele</td><td>Vandugukakan</td><td><h6>Northern-Western Cote d'Ivoire (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tele</td><td>Western Maninkakan</td><td><h6>Western Maninkakan is a Manding language spoken in Senegal, Gambia and Mali.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>telee</td><td>Vai</td><td><h6>Niger-Congo language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>teli</td><td>Jeri</td><td><h6>Jeri is a Mande language of Cote d'Ivoire and Burkina Faso.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tEN3n</td><td>Ko1</td><td><h6>Sudan (near the South Sudan border)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tent~e7</td><td>Uduk</td><td><h6>Uduk, also known as Tw'ampa, is a Koman language spoken in Sudan near the border with Ethiopia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tEr</td><td>Iwum Wuumbu</td><td><h6>Congo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tere</td><td>Baralakakan</td><td><h6>the language of the tribe in the North-Western Ivory Coast (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tere</td><td>Jula de Kong</td><td><h6>Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tere</td><td>Karanjankan</td><td><h6>North-western Cote d'Ivoire (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tEre</td><td>Konyanka Maninka</td><td><h6>Guinea (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tere</td><td>Korokan</td><td><h6>Cote d'Ivoire, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tere</td><td>Koyagakan</td><td><h6>Alternate names: Koya, Koyaa, Koyaga, Koyaga Jula, Koyaka, Koyara. Cote d'Ivoire, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tere</td><td>Nigbikan</td><td><h6>Cote d'Ivoire, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tere</td><td>Sagakakan</td><td><h6>Cote d'Ivoire, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tere</td><td>Siakakan</td><td><h6>Cote d'Ivoire, Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tere</td><td>Sienkokakan</td><td><h6>North-western Cote d'Ivoire (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tere</td><td>Wojenekakan</td><td><h6>North-western Cote d'Ivoire (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tezo</td><td>Yaaku</td><td><h6>Yaaku (also known as Mukogodo, Mogogodo, Mukoquodo, Siegu, Yaakua, Ndorobo) is an endangered Afroasiatic language spoken in Kenya.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>3kojo</td><td>Ogbronuagum</td><td><h6>Ogbronuagum, also called Bukuma after a village in which it is spoken, is a Central Delta language of Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>3N</td><td>Jumjum</td><td><h6>Jumjum, a Nilotic language. The people live in the Upper Nile Province (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>3rho</td><td>Duka</td><td><h6>North-western Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>3rh~o</td><td>Ror</td><td><h6>North-western Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>3T3Z3; zy**</td><td>Babanki</td><td><h6>Babanki, or Kejom (Kidzem), is a Grassfields Bantu language of Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>3yat (T'et)</td><td>Chaha</td><td><h6>Ethiopia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>T'et</td><td>Masqan</td><td><h6>The Ethiopian Semitic language (Ethiopia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>teTwi</td><td>Balo</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5v~u</td><td>Limbum</td><td><h6>Limbum is a Grassfields language of Cameroon, with a small number of speakers in Nigeria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5inu</td><td>Hone</td><td><h6>Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5ogo</td><td>Peere</td><td><h6>Peere language a.k.a. Kutin language: Kutin is a member of the Duru branch of Savanna languages. (Nigeria, Cameroon)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5op</td><td>Nubaca</td><td><h6>a Southern Bantoid language of Cameroon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5oyo</td><td>Longto</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5w~o7</td><td>Twumwu</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>e-lova-lo-va</td><td>Bakweri</td><td><h6>one of the Bantu languages in Southern part of Africa</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ghe</td><td>Awe</td><td><h6>Niger-Congo (or Brizilia?)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>giru</td><td>Gbe</td><td><h6>Niger-Congo (*) The Gbe languages form a cluster of about twenty related languages stretching across the area between eastern Ghana and western Nigeria</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hue</td><td>Fon</td><td><h6>Niger-Congo (*).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gur; gwer; gwur</td><td>Berik</td><td><h6>Tor; Tor-Orya; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bven</td><td>Lori</td><td><h6>the language of one of Iran’s major ethnic groups, spoken by five million people over the length of the Zagros range, forming a linguistic continuum between Kurdish and Persian.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ormozd</td><td>Zebaki</td><td><h6>Spoken in Afghanistan, Pakistan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mwuu</td><td>Taungthu</td><td><h6>Myanmar (Burma)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wan.2</td><td>Aiton</td><td><h6>The Tai Aiton language is spoken in Assam, India (in the Dhonsiri Valley and the south bank of the Brahmaputra).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wan</td><td>Khamti</td><td><h6>Myanmar</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wan</td><td>Songkhla Thai</td><td><h6>Songkhla is one of the Southern provinces of Thailand.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wan</td><td>Tai</td><td><h6>Thai, Central Thai, or Siamese, is the national and official language of Thailand and the first language of the Thai people and the vast majority of Thai Chinese.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wan</td><td>Shan</td><td><h6>Spoken in the Union of Myanmar (Burma) and Thailand.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ha*y</td><td>Nyakur</td><td><h6>The Nyah Kur language is an Austroasiatic language spoken by a remnant of the Mon people of Dvaravati, the Nyah Kur people, who live in present-day Thailand.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ave</td><td>Maga</td><td><h6>Taiwan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ave</td><td>Maga Rukai</td><td><h6>Taiwan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>van</td><td>Dehong Tai Nuea</td><td><h6>the south-east China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>van</td><td>Laha</td><td><h6>Laha is a Kra language spoken by approximately 1,400 people out of a total population of 5,686 Laha. It is spoken in Lao Cai and Son La provinces, Vietnam.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>van</td><td>Maguan Tai</td><td><h6>The Southern China (on the border with Vietnam)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>van</td><td>Mangshi Tai</td><td><h6>the South of China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>van</td><td>Wuding Tai</td><td><h6>the South of China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vh~an</td><td>Paha</td><td><h6>Paha (or Baha) is a Kra language spoken in Northern Guangnan County, Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan (Eeoae), Southern China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>an ph~a van</td><td>Nung</td><td><h6>Nung language may refer to: Nung language (Sino-Tibetan), a Nungish language. Nung language (Tai), a Tai language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vaN hi</td><td>Naga Phom</td><td><h6>Northeastern India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>waNhi</td><td>Konyak</td><td><h6>India, the Assam state</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>waN hi</td><td>Naga Konyak</td><td><h6>Konyak is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken by the Konyak people of Nagaland, Northeastern India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mv3</td><td>Kayan</td><td><h6>Myanmar (Burma)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vE</td><td>Lvchun Tai</td><td><h6>in the South of China (at the border with Vietnam)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vei3</td><td>Baonuo</td><td><h6>Southern China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>veino</td><td>Baonao</td><td><h6>China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vh~o*</td><td>Lachi</td><td><h6>Northern Vietnam (near the China border).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>th~ini</td><td>Chantyal</td><td><h6>Bodic; Sino-Tibetan; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>khue; metshax</td><td>Weicheng</td><td><h6>China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mecaq xkhua**; mone**; pha**</td><td>Luhua</td><td><h6>Dialect of the Northern Qiang language, China, Tibet</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mujuq; mesaq; mesi; pha</td><td>Yadu</td><td><h6>dialect of the Northern Qiang language, China, Tibet</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mujaq; fa</td><td>Weigu</td><td><h6>Dialect of the Northern Qiang language, China, Tibet</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mesi (mEsi, men3)</td><td>Qiang Mianchi</td><td><h6>Sichuan Province, China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>meqi</td><td>Huilong</td><td><h6>China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mes3</td><td>Qiang Puxi</td><td><h6>Sichuan Province, China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mes3</td><td>Stodsde</td><td><h6>the language of the people in central part of China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>misa</td><td>Hrangkhol</td><td><h6>Northern-eastern India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>muci</td><td>Qiang Longxi</td><td><h6>Sichuan Province, China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>memi (m3mi)</td><td>Lisu</td><td><h6>Lisu is a tonal Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Yunnan (southwestern China), Northern Burma (Myanmar), and Thailand and a small part of India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mene</td><td>Koro India</td><td><h6>Northern-eastern India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lunu</td><td>Diandongbei</td><td><h6>China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lo-yi-du</td><td>Tanxi Tujia</td><td><h6>Tanxi Tujia is a Tibeto-Burman language, spoken in China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taunkau</td><td>Numao</td><td><h6>China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alaqanei</td><td>Northern Pa-Hug</td><td><h6>China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ne-pi</td><td>Dali</td><td><h6>(the (Southern) dialect of Bai language) Dali Prefecture within Yunnan province of China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yi-pi</td><td>Jianchuan</td><td><h6>(the (Central) dialect of Bai language) Jianchuan County, Yunnan province of China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>h3Si</td><td>Talysh</td><td><h6>The Talysh language is a Northwestern Iranian language spoken in the Northern regions of the Iranian provinces of Gilan and Ardabil</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>do5i</td><td>Bengni</td><td><h6>North-West part of India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>doni</td><td>Mising</td><td><h6>North-easter India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>doni</td><td>Na India</td><td><h6>North-easter India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>doni (?)</td><td>Miri</td><td><h6>Miri language can refer to: 1) Mishing language (Plains Miri); 2) a variety of Waitaka language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>duN5i</td><td>Boga'er Luoba</td><td><h6>(a.k.a. Abhor, Abor, Lhoba, Luoba). Arunachal Pradesh state: East, West, and Upper Siang districts, Upper Subansiri and Dibang Valley districts; Assam state: Assam valley North hills, between Bhutan and Buruli rivers.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>duN5i</td><td>Bokar</td><td><h6>Eastern India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>duo5i</td><td>Douyu Bangni</td><td><h6>Himalayas (at the border of China with India)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>danyi</td><td>Apatani </td><td><h6>Arunachal Pradesh, North-east India. Tani; Sino-Tibetan; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>da5i</td><td>tanii</td><td><h6>Apatani (Apa Tani, Tanii) is a Tani language of India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dan; huray</td><td>Dungra Bhil</td><td><h6>India, Gujarat state</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dε:t</td><td>Dong</td><td><h6>The Kam language, also known as Gam, or in Chinese, Dong or Tung-Chia, is the language of the Dong people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dewta; diya dewta</td><td>Nihali</td><td><h6>The isolated language in western-central part of India (Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dh~e*o*</td><td>Jammun</td><td><h6>Gurdaspur district, Punjab, India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dilaCa</td><td>Oroqen</td><td><h6>Oroqen is a Northern Tungusic language spoken in China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>donbabo</td><td>Malvi</td><td><h6>India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>enda</td><td>Chenchu</td><td><h6>India, the Andhra Pradesh state</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>id3m</td><td>Tani</td><td><h6>Sino-Tibetan language spoken mostly in Arunachal Pradesh, India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eNi</td><td>Naga Lotha</td><td><h6>Northeastern India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>e:ga</td><td>Kott</td><td><h6>spoken in the Yenisei River region of central Siberia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eya</td><td>Arin</td><td><h6>spoken in the Yenisei River region of central Siberia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hix-em</td><td>Pumpokol</td><td><h6>spoken in the Yenisei River region of central Siberia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xig-a</td><td>YEN (proto language ?)</td><td><h6>spoken in the Yenisei River region of central Siberia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ziat-hau</td><td>Wenchang Hainase</td><td><h6>The Sino-Tibetan family: China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mi-t'e</td><td>Jian'ou Chinese</td><td><h6>The Sino-Tibetan family: China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>t'ai</td><td>Standard Chinese</td><td><h6>The Sino-Tibetan family: China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>minh~on</td><td>Bunu </td><td><h6>the language of the people at the island of Vietnam</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>muNhn3N</td><td>Bisu</td><td><h6>Burmese-Lolo; Sino-Tibetan; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mun; mun dze**; pha**</td><td>Luoxiang</td><td><h6>China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mun</td><td>Mawo Qiang</td><td><h6>China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>min</td><td>Kaman</td><td><h6>Arunachal Pradesh state (in the North-Eastern India)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>min</td><td>Miju Mishmi</td><td><h6>Miju (Miju Mishmi, Midzu) or Kaman (Geman, Geman Deng, Kuman), is a small language of India and slightly into China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mi</td><td>Karen Pwo Eastern</td><td><h6>at the border of Myanmar and Tailand</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mi7</td><td>Karen Pwo Western</td><td><h6>at the border of Myanmar and Tailand</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mini; muni</td><td>Lahu</td><td><h6>Myanmar</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yi-pi</td><td>Jianchuan</td><td><h6>The Sino-Tibetan family: Baic group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ne-pi</td><td>Dali</td><td><h6>The Sino-Tibetan family: Baic group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>naw</td><td>Duogu Tujia</td><td><h6>The Sino-Tibetan family: Tujia group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>naw (naw-ci)</td><td>Dianfang Tujia</td><td><h6>The Sino-Tibetan family: Tujia group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>no-dou</td><td>Boluo Tujia</td><td><h6>The Sino-Tibetan family: Tujia group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lo-yi-du</td><td>Tanxi Tujia</td><td><h6>The Sino-Tibetan family: Tujia group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>temo</td><td>Eastern Kayah Li</td><td><h6>The Sino-Tibetan family: Karenic group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>te-mo</td><td>Kayah Li (Eastern)</td><td><h6>Karen; Sino-Tibetan; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>le-mu</td><td>Karen (Bwe)</td><td><h6>Karen languages are spoken in lower Myanmar (Burma) and on the borders of Thailand</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>le-mu</td><td>Karen (Geba)</td><td><h6>Karen; Sino-Tibetan; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lemu</td><td>Bwe Karen</td><td><h6>The Sino-Tibetan family: Karenic group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lemu</td><td>Geba Karen</td><td><h6>The Sino-Tibetan family: Karenic group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lu mo</td><td>Karen Manumanaw</td><td><h6>Sino-Tibetan language family: Karenic group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lu mu</td><td>Karenbyu</td><td><h6>Sino-Tibetan language family: Karenic group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lv mu</td><td>Yinbaw</td><td><h6>Myanmar</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>law</td><td>Tasha (Qixin) Tujia</td><td><h6>The Tujia language is a language spoken natively by the Tujia people in south-central China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>la3; pei</td><td>Bugan</td><td><h6>Bugan, Bogan, Pakan, or Bugeng is an Austroasiatic language. in some villages in Southern Guangnan and Northern Xichou, Yunnan Province, Southern China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lai qa</td><td>Paliu</td><td><h6>Southern China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>qa ???</td><td>Paliu Lai</td><td><h6>The Bolyu language also known as Paliu, Palyu, or Lai is an Austroasiatic language of the Pakanic branch, China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lao</td><td>Tujia</td><td><h6>Tujia is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in China (North-western Hunan Province and south Hubei Province) by about 70,000 people. Nearly all Tujia speakers are bilingual in some dialect of Chinese and many young Tujia prefer to use Chinese when communicating among themselves.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>laoch~i; lao</td><td>Northern Tujia</td><td><h6>a language spoken natively by the Tujia people in south-central China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>la.2 lu.1</td><td>Moji-Gelao</td><td><h6>China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lu; vu</td><td>A'ou </td><td><h6>Red Gelao (self-designation: A-ou), together with White Gelao (giw), Green Gelao (giq), and Gao Gelao (gqu), forms the Gelao subgroup of Tai-Kadai (China). Endangered language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>luvu</td><td>Niupo Gelao</td><td><h6>China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lavuaN</td><td>Jinchang White Lachi</td><td><h6>China and in Northern Vietnam.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>la7lu</td><td>Judu Gelao</td><td><h6>China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lai mik</td><td>Naga Maram </td><td><h6>Northeastern India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lakvan</td><td>Maonan</td><td><h6>The Maonan language is spoken mainly in Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County, Hechi, Northern Guangxi by the Maonan people. (China)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lakvan</td><td>Maonan-Xianan</td><td><h6>China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>likth~au</td><td>Fuzhou Chinese</td><td><h6>China, at the seashore of Taiwan Channel</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>locz~mo</td><td>Sani Yi</td><td><h6>Sani is one of the Loloish languages spoken by the Yi people of China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>logaN</td><td>Hayu</td><td><h6>Nepal</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>loNaiNi</td><td>Bumang</td><td><h6>Southern China (at the Vietnam border)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lonpa</td><td>Sampang</td><td><h6>Nepal</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>saso</td><td>'Are'are (Ma'asupa)</td><td><h6>Solomon Islands</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sato</td><td>Lau</td><td><h6>Solomon Islands</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sato</td><td>Sa'a</td><td><h6>Solomon Islands</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>saso</td><td>'Are'are (Ma'asupa)</td><td><h6>Solomon Islands</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rato</td><td>'Are'are (Waiahaa) </td><td><h6>Austronesian language family, Solomon Islands</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aso</td><td>Northeast Ambae</td><td><h6>Indonesia (Papua)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aso</td><td>Rotuma</td><td><h6>Rotuma is a Fijian dependency, consisting of Rotuma Island and nearby islands. The island group is home to a small but unique indigenous ethnic group which constitutes a recognizable minority within the population of Fiji, known as 'Rotumans'.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eo</td><td>Bare'e</td><td><h6>Indonesia (Sulawesi)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eo </td><td>Sedoa</td><td><h6>Sedoa is a language of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eo</td><td>Moma</td><td><h6>Sulawesi island (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eo</td><td>Sindue Tawaili</td><td><h6>Central Sulawesi</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>agew</td><td>Kankanaey</td><td><h6>Philippines</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kolo</td><td>Watubela</td><td><h6>Indonesia (Maluku)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>leo</td><td>Erai</td><td><h6>Indonesia (Papua)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lera</td><td>Leti</td><td><h6>Indonesia (Maluku)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lere</td><td>Yamdena</td><td><h6>Indonesia (Maluku)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lera</td><td>Fordata</td><td><h6>Central Malayo-Polynesian; Austronesian; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lara</td><td>Aru</td><td><h6>Indonesia (*)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lara</td><td>Alor </td><td><h6>The Alor–Pantar languages are a family of clearly related Papuan languages spoken on islands of the Alor archipelago near Timor in Southern Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lara</td><td>Alor—Barahusa—Kabir</td><td><h6>Southern Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lara</td><td>Alor—Kalabahi</td><td><h6>Southern Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>laru</td><td>Dobel</td><td><h6>Indonesia (Maluku)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>liro</td><td>Bimanese</td><td><h6>Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>endo</td><td>Tontemboan</td><td><h6>Indonesia (Sulawesi)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lom</td><td>Gidra</td><td><h6>a Papuan language of New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lom</td><td>Abam</td><td><h6>a Papuan language of New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lom</td><td>Dorogori</td><td><h6>Dorogori is in Papua New Guinea and is nearby to Dorogor, Peawa and Kauruti.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lom</td><td>Kuru</td><td><h6>a Papuan language of New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lom</td><td>Peawa</td><td><h6>a Papuan language of New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lomkoNga</td><td>Podari</td><td><h6>a Papuan language of New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lom koNga</td><td>Ume</td><td><h6>a Papuan language of New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lom konga</td><td>Zim</td><td><h6>a Papuan language of New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lom koNga</td><td>Iamega</td><td><h6>a Papuan language of New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lom koNga</td><td>Kapal</td><td><h6>a Papuan language of New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lom koNga</td><td>Wipi Wipim</td><td><h6>a Papuan language of New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gʌŋgal; lom konga</td><td>Wipi</td><td><h6>Wipi, also known as Gidra, Jibu or Oriomo, is a Papuan language of New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kom koNga</td><td>Wonie</td><td><h6>a Papuan language of New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kom kh~oNka</td><td>Gamaewe</td><td><h6>a Papuan language of New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>goNgal</td><td>Guiam</td><td><h6>a Papuan language of New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lam kogal</td><td>Yuta</td><td><h6>a Papuan language of New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kw~o</td><td>Kelinga</td><td><h6>Kalinga is a dialect continuum of Kalinga Province in the Philippines</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kedaw</td><td>Tboli</td><td><h6>Philippines</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>asa</td><td>Rotuman</td><td><h6>Austronesian language family. Rotuman</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>healo; olo</td><td>Mono-Alu</td><td><h6>Mono, or Alu, is an Oceanic language of Solomon Islands reported in 1999 to be spoken by 660 people on Treasury Island (Mono proper), 2,270 on Shortland Island (Alu dialect)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5awi</td><td>Wembawemba (Wemba Wemba)</td><td><h6>Pama-Nyungan; Australian; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5aui</td><td>Djadjala</td><td><h6>an indigenous Australian language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ne; ni</td><td>Huli</td><td><h6>Huli is a Trans–New Guinea language spoken by the Huli people of the Southern Highlands province of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5a; ɲə</td><td>Iatmul-Brugnowi-Korogo</td><td><h6>East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5a</td><td>Nyaura</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ɲə</td><td>Iatmul-Nyaura</td><td><h6>Nyaura (Western) Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ɲa</td><td>Iatmul</td><td><h6>Middle Sepik; Sepik; Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ʌrʌ (3r3)</td><td>Faita</td><td><h6>or Kulsab (Papua New Guinea).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5a</td><td>Wosera</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5a</td><td>Yengoru</td><td><h6>The Ndu language family (Sepik District, New Guinea).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5a</td><td>Boikin</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5a</td><td>Kwusaun</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5amp</td><td>Mandi Papuang</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5a</td><td>Maprik</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5a</td><td>Ngala</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5a; na</td><td>Boiken</td><td><h6>Middle Sepik; Sepik; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5ant~aN</td><td>Kenaboi</td><td><h6>Malaysia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ketinge</td><td>Eipomek</td><td><h6>Mek; Trans-New Guinea; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tekenentai</td><td>Abaga </td><td><h6>Abaga is a nearly extinct Kalam language of Papua New Guinea. It appears to be related to Kamono and Yagaria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ngusit</td><td>Awara </td><td><h6>Awara is one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea (Morobe Province). It is part of a dialect chain with Wantoat, but in only 60–70% lexically similar.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ngusit</td><td>Awara-Wantoat</td><td><h6>one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ngusit</td><td>Awara-Wapu-Leron</td><td><h6>one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wizi</td><td>Vagala</td><td><h6>West African Language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>usi</td><td>Saruga</td><td><h6>Saruga is a Madang language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>izi, idi</td><td>Binandere</td><td><h6>Binanderean; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>izi</td><td>Aeka </td><td><h6>A language of Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>izi</td><td>Kumfutu</td><td><h6>Cameroon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>izi</td><td>Birked</td><td><h6>West of Sudan (Africa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>izi</td><td>Hunjara-Kaina Ke</td><td><h6>Trans-New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iri; izi; kako; rako</td><td>Baruga</td><td><h6>Baruga, also known ambiguously as Bareji, is a Papuan language spoken in Oro Province (Papua New Guinea). There are four dialects: Bareji, Mado, Nuclear Baruga, Tafota Baruga</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kako</td><td>Na</td><td><h6>???</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>paparo</td><td>Tafota Baruga</td><td><h6>Tafota Baruga, (one of four dialects of Bagura) is a Papuan language spoken in Oro Province (Papua New Guinea). The four rather divergent dialects are Tafota, Daghoro, Bareji, Mado.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>'iji</td><td>Korafe</td><td><h6>Binanderean; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iji</td><td>Gaina (Bareji Dialect)</td><td><h6>Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iji</td><td>Gaina (Karoto Dialect)</td><td><h6>Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iki</td><td>Momuna</td><td><h6>Momuna; Trans-New Guinea; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iji</td><td>Orokaiva</td><td><h6>Binanderean; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iji; tani</td><td>Mambare River</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iji</td><td>Korafe Yegha</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>neta; niki; nita</td><td>Kyaka Enga</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nika; yw~a</td><td>Kwanga</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>caut ika; tsaut; tsaut ika</td><td>Monumbo</td><td><h6>Monumbo is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>niki</td><td>Kapauri</td><td><h6>Papua (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>niki</td><td>Kapore</td><td><h6>Indonesia ?</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iki (?)</td><td>Momina</td><td><h6>Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>i; pi</td><td>Iwam</td><td><h6>a language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>i;nʌp</td><td>Moresada</td><td><h6>Moresada is a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>i</td><td>Asaro'o-Morafo</td><td><h6>Asaro'o, or Morafa, is one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>i</td><td>Molet Kasu</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>i</td><td>Molet Mur</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sowo</td><td>Aghu </td><td><h6>Awju-Dumut Trans-New Guinea, Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>owo</td><td>Gelao Laozhai</td><td><h6>Nothern Vietnam</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wota</td><td>Agi</td><td><h6>Agi is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wo</td><td>Ansus</td><td><h6>Indonesia. The east side of Geelvink Bay, in a single village which has a majority of Ansus speakers.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wo</td><td>Serui-laut</td><td><h6>Serui-Laut, or Arui, is an Austronesian language spoken on Serui Island of the Ambai Islands, in Western New Guinea, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wo</td><td>Wadapi Laut</td><td><h6>West New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wo</td><td>Woi</td><td><h6>Woi is a Malayo-Polynesian language of Papua, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wo</td><td>Yeri</td><td><h6>Yeri is an endangered Torricelli language spoken in Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea, about 40 km south-southeast of Aitape.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wo</td><td>Ambai</td><td><h6>South Halmahera - West New Guinea; Austronesian; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wo</td><td>Papuma</td><td><h6>Papuma is an Eastern Malayo-Polynesian language spoken in Papua Province of Western New Guinea, Northeastern Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wo</td><td>Pom</td><td><h6>Pom is an Eastern Malayo-Polynesian language spoken on Miosnum Island in Cenderawasih Bay west of Serui Island, in Papua Province of Western New Guinea, Northeastern Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wonak</td><td>Dedua</td><td><h6>Dedua is a Papuan language spoken in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wopli</td><td>Elkei</td><td><h6>Elkei (Olkoi) Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wabilu</td><td>Laeko-Libuat</td><td><h6>Laeko, or Laeko-Libuat (pronounced Limbuat), is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wabli (wopli)</td><td>Dia</td><td><h6>Dia (Alu, Galu, Metru) is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wadiya; wadi</td><td>Sawila</td><td><h6>Sawila, or Tanglapui, is a Papuan language of the Alor Archipelago.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wadiya</td><td>Kula</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wor</td><td>Munggui</td><td><h6>Munggui is an Austronesian language spoken in Papua Province of Western New Guinea, Northeastern Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>worom</td><td>Wanuma</td><td><h6>Wanuma (or Usan). Papua New Guinea. Region. Madang Province.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wosi</td><td>Baibai</td><td><h6>Baibai is one of two Fas languages of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>was</td><td>Sar Indonesia</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>was</td><td>Western Pantar</td><td><h6>a Papuan language spoken in the western part of Pantar island in the Alor archipelago of Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>was</td><td>Lamma Mauta Tubal</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wasbi7aN</td><td>Kawa</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wota</td><td>Agi Agei</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea (?)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>woy</td><td>Gresi</td><td><h6>Papua (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>woy</td><td>Kemtuik</td><td><h6>Kemtuik (Kamtuk) is a Papuan language of Indonesia. It is very close to Gresi.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>woy</td><td>Mlap</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>woi</td><td>Mekwei-Kendate</td><td><h6>Mekwei (Menggwei) is a Papuan language of Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>woi</td><td>Mekwei-Wabron </td><td><h6>a Papuan language of Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ofo</td><td>Aimele </td><td><h6>Aimele, or Kware, is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>of; opo</td><td>Kaluli</td><td><h6>Bosavi; Bosavi; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>obo; opo</td><td>Kasua</td><td><h6>Kasua is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>of</td><td>Sunia</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>avgwo</td><td>Akoye </td><td><h6>Akoye, also known as Lohiki or Maihiri (Mai-Hea-Ri), is an Angan language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wayaN</td><td>Musak</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wayan</td><td>Apali </td><td><h6>Apali (Apal), or Emerum, is a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. Aki (Aci) is a dialect.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wayamu</td><td>Yaben</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kw~ai (kuai)</td><td>Fayu-Sehudate</td><td><h6>a Lakes Plain language of Papua Province, Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ve</td><td>Barai</td><td><h6>Koiarian; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hewa</td><td>Duna</td><td><h6>Duna; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hawe</td><td>Saketa</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hawe</td><td>Wosi</td><td><h6>the New Guinea (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mwak</td><td>Amal </td><td><h6>A language of Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>phie</td><td>Arawum </td><td><h6>Arawum is a nearly extinct Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>inapa</td><td>Anamgura </td><td><h6>Anamgura (Anamuxra), or Ikundun, is a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>inala</td><td>Iamalele </td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>an</td><td>Likum</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>an</td><td>Lindrou</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>an</td><td>Drehet</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>na</td><td>Ambulas</td><td><h6>Middle Sepik; Sepik; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>na</td><td>Linngithigh</td><td><h6>Linngithigh (Liningitij) is an extinct Paman language formerly spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>na</td><td>Wutung</td><td><h6>Wutung (Udung) is a Skou language of Papua New Guinea which is spoken in the villages of Wutung and Sangke.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>na:ði</td><td>Kenati</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nai7</td><td>Iniai</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nana</td><td>Gwahatike</td><td><h6>Gwahatike (also called Dahating or Gwatike) is a language generally classified in the Warup branch of the Finisterre family of Finisterre–Huon languages (Papua New Guinea).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>saldang</td><td>Bicol (Bicolano)</td><td><h6>a language spoken in the Bicol region of Southern Luzon, Philippines.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>so'ga; 'simyad</td><td>Agusan Manobo</td><td><h6>Spoken on the Island of Mindanao, Philippines.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suga</td><td>Mansaka</td><td><h6>Spoken on the Island of Mindanao, Philippines.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>senang; snang; senanganan</td><td>Maguindanao</td><td><h6>Spoken in Maguindanao Province, Mindanao, North Cotabato Province, etc., Philippines.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>chirinanna; tiringana</td><td>Mingin</td><td><h6>The Mingin, also known as the Mingginda, were an indigenous Australian people of the state of Queensland, who lived in the Gulf Country east of Moonlight Creek and the Ganggalida people in the southern Gulf of Carpentaria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aun; uwah**</td><td>Bumbita Arapesh</td><td><h6>A language of Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aun; wah</td><td>Bukiyip</td><td><h6>Bukiyip (Bukiyup), or Mountain Arapesh, is an Arapesh language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uwah</td><td>Abu Arapesh</td><td><h6>Abu’, also known as Ua, is an Arapesh language (Torricelli) of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nua</td><td>Amaimon </td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea (Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Pihom, Amaimon)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nua</td><td>Otomaco</td><td><h6>Otomaco is an extinct language of the Amazon.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wan</td><td>Amol </td><td><h6>Amol, also Alatil or Aru, is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wan</td><td>Bragat</td><td><h6>Bragat is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ane; ani</td><td>Buna—Gavien-Ariapan-Kakara</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ane; ani</td><td>Buna—Waskurin</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ami</td><td>Muratayak</td><td><h6>Muratayak, also Asat or Yagomi, is one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>emim</td><td>Ambakich (Arango Dialect)</td><td><h6>Ambakich is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>em</td><td>Ambakich (Yaut Dialect)</td><td><h6>Ambakich is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>em</td><td>Ambakich (Ombos Dialect)</td><td><h6>Ambakich is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>єm</td><td>Ambakich—Porapora</td><td><h6>Ambakich is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea (East Sepik Province).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>am3; ama</td><td>Bepour</td><td><h6>Bepour is a nearly extinct Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>am; 3m</td><td>Kein</td><td><h6>Kein, also known as Bemal, is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>am</td><td>Baimak</td><td><h6>Baimak is a Madang language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>am</td><td>Isebe</td><td><h6>a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>am</td><td>Nobonob</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>am</td><td>Amele</td><td><h6>Madang; Trans-New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>am</td><td>Forak</td><td><h6>one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>am</td><td>Gal</td><td><h6>Gal is a Madang language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>am</td><td>Bau</td><td><h6>Madang; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania;</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aa</td><td>language of the Cocos Islands <br>aborigines</td><td><h6>Cocos (Keeling) Islands — the group of 27 small coral islands in Indian ocean.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aabauma</td><td>Awiyaana </td><td><h6>Awiyaana (Auyana) is a Kainantu language of Papua New Guinea. (Eastern Highlands; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>anaut</td><td>Ginuman</td><td><h6>Ginuman is a Papuan language of New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nataiale</td><td>Aore </td><td><h6>Aore is a recently extinct Oceanic language spoken on Aore Island, just off Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mbwino; numbio; buio</td><td>Angoram</td><td><h6>Angoram, also known as Pondo, is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mar</td><td>Alamblak</td><td><h6>The Alamblak language is spoken in the Angoram District of East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>may</td><td>Awtuw </td><td><h6>(Autu), also known as Kamnum, is spoken in Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea. It is a polysynthetic language closely related to Karawa and Pouye. It is an endangered language, being widely replaced by Tok Pisin.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>may</td><td>Karawa</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sawe</td><td>Awyu, Asue </td><td><h6>Trans-New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sa'wa?</td><td>Awyu, Central (Nohon Dialect)</td><td><h6>Trans-New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sa'wa?</td><td>Awyu, Central (Taim Dialect)</td><td><h6>Trans-New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>'sawe</td><td>Awyu, Central (Busiri Dialect)</td><td><h6>Trans-New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>'sowa</td><td>Awyu, Central (Ketah Dialect)</td><td><h6>Trans-New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sera</td><td>Awyu, South (Yenimu Dialect)</td><td><h6>Trans-New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sera</td><td>Awyu, South (Syiagha Dialect)</td><td><h6>Trans-New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sera</td><td>Sjiagha (Siagha)</td><td><h6>Shiaxa (Sjiagha), also known as Jenimu (Yenimu, possibly a dialect) and Awyu, is a Papuan language of Papua, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sing; sing niri</td><td>Bongu</td><td><h6>Madang; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>meuka; tani</td><td>Ekari</td><td><h6>Wissel Lakes-Kemandoga; Trans-New Guinea; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>meuka; tani</td><td>Kapauku</td><td><h6>Papua (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tani</td><td>Tuwari</td><td><h6>Tuwari is a Sepik language spoken in Sandaun Province, Papua-New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tam</td><td>Kajgir</td><td><h6>Papua Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tam</td><td>Kayagar</td><td><h6>Kayagar (Kajagar, Kaygi, Kaygir, Wiyagar) is a Papuan language of West Papua.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tam</td><td>Tamagario</td><td><h6>Tamagario is a Papuan language of West Papua.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tan</td><td>Aiku</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mo</td><td>Dani, Lower Grand Valley (Hitigima Dialect)</td><td><h6>Dani; Trans-New Guinea; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mo</td><td>Dani, Lower Grand Valley (Tangma Dialect)</td><td><h6>Dani; Trans-New Guinea; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mo</td><td>Dani, Upper Grand Valley</td><td><h6>Dani; Trans-New Guinea; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mo</td><td>Pyramid Wodo</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mo</td><td>Lani (Laani)</td><td><h6>Western Dani, or Laani, is the most populous Papuan language in Indonesian New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mo</td><td>Tangma Dani</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mo</td><td>Dao</td><td><h6>New Guinea (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mo</td><td>Kiniageima</td><td><h6>Papua (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mo</td><td>Nggem</td><td><h6>A language of Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mo3</td><td>Moere</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mom</td><td>Lepki</td><td><h6>Lepki is a Papuan language spoken in Western New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mo</td><td>Yali</td><td><h6>Dani; Trans-New Guinea; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fo; ho</td><td>Siane</td><td><h6>Eastern Highlands; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fu</td><td>Hua (Huva)</td><td><h6>dialect of Yagaria language in Papua New Guinea,</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oneqen</td><td>Lani</td><td><h6>(a.k.a. Western Dani) Papua Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nita (nate; niki)</td><td>Enga</td><td><h6>Engan; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>naijo</td><td>Haruai</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nambul</td><td>Mehek</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>NNan</td><td>Mailoa</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>NNan</td><td>Ngofagita</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>NNan</td><td>Ngofakiaha</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>NNan</td><td>Peleri Samsuma</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>NNan</td><td>Soma</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>NNan</td><td>Tahane</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Nan</td><td>East Makian</td><td><h6>Taba (also known as East Makian or Makian Dalam) is a Malayo-Polynesian language of the South Halmahera - West New Guinea group. It is spoken mostly on the islands of Makian, Kayoa and Southern Halmahera in North Maluku province of Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>NanNan</td><td>Sawai </td><td><h6>The Sawai language (also Weda) is spoken in Weda and Gane Timor districts of Southern Halmahera, Northern Maluku Province, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>NaNg~</td><td>Nyoongar</td><td><h6>Nyungar (Nyunga), or Noongar, is an Australian Aboriginal language, or language complex, still spoken by members of the Noongar community, who live in the southwest corner of Western Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>naNk</td><td>Keramin</td><td><h6>the Southeastern Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>NaNk</td><td>Nyunga Eastern</td><td><h6>Nyungar (Nyunga), or Noongar, is an Australian Aboriginal language, or language complex, still spoken by members of the Noongar community, who live in the southwest corner of Western Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>NaNka</td><td>Nyunga Northern</td><td><h6>Western Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>NaNkan</td><td>Nyunga South Western </td><td><h6>Western Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nare</td><td>Kewa East</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>paku; nare</td><td>Kewa</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nata masoa</td><td>Tambotalo</td><td><h6>Tambotalo, or Biliru, is a nearly extinct Oceanic language spoken in a single village in the southeast of Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nata na maso</td><td>Tolomako</td><td><h6>Tolomako is a language of the Oceanic subgroup of Austronesian languages. It is spoken on Santo island in Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>natamas</td><td>Roria</td><td><h6>Roria is an Oceanic language spoken in central Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>natanmi (mi)</td><td>Shark Bay 1</td><td><h6>The Shark Bay language is one of the East Santo languages group of languages. It is spoken on Espiritu Santo in Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nate</td><td>Kewa S Pole</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nate</td><td>Bonkiman</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nate</td><td>Erave</td><td><h6>(Alternate names: Erave, Kewa South, Pole, South Kewa) Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nate</td><td>Sau</td><td><h6>Samberigi language, spoken in Papua New Guinea.(?)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nau</td><td>Biem</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nau; ra</td><td>Watam</td><td><h6>Marangis (a.k.a. Watam) is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Nau</td><td>Urat</td><td><h6>Urat (Wasep, Wusyep) is a Torricelli language spoken by a decreasing number of people in Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>niau</td><td>Bieria</td><td><h6>Bieria, or Vovo (Wowo), is an Oceanic language spoken on Epi Island, in Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nd~ae</td><td>Lewo Filakara</td><td><h6>Lewo is an Oceanic language spoken on Epi Island, in Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ne8enmi</td><td>Lorediakarkar</td><td><h6>Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>negat</td><td>Nemi</td><td><h6>The Nemi language is a Kanak language spoken by 320 people in the North of New Caledonia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>neipi</td><td>Banua</td><td><h6>Temotu province (the island toward North from Vanuatu, Pacific ocean)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nei</td><td>Molof</td><td><h6>Molof (Ampas, Poule) is a Papuan language spoken by about 200 people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nei</td><td>Usku</td><td><h6>Usku is a nearly extinct and poorly documented Papuan language spoken by about 20 people in Usku village, Papua, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>neni</td><td>Paruwa</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Neni; Ni5; ŋeni</td><td>Kamasau-Kenyari-Paruwa</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nerah</td><td>Uruangnirin</td><td><h6>Uruangnirin is a minor Austronesian language of the west coast of the Bomberai Peninsula.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>newaro</td><td>Maleu</td><td><h6>Oceanic; Austronesian; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Ngar</td><td>Kanggape</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ni</td><td>Huli Hole</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ni?**</td><td>Busa ?</td><td><h6>Northwestern Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Ni5; bogi</td><td>Kamasau</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Ni5</td><td>Kenyari</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Ni5; ŋiŋ </td><td>Kamasau-Yibab-Wandomi</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Ni5; ŋiŋ</td><td>Kamasau-Tring-Wau</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Ni5; bogi; nginy</td><td>Kamasau-Wand Tuan</td><td><h6>Kamasau is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Ni5</td><td>Tring Png</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Ni5</td><td>Wau</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Ni5</td><td>Yibab</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ewaxa</td><td>Moikodi</td><td><h6>>Moikodi, or Doriri - a Papuan language in Oro province (Papua New Guinea), at the eastern part of island.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>astro</td><td>Eskayan</td><td><h6>Philippines</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>put</td><td>Amberbaken</td><td><h6>Amberbaken, or Mpur (also known as Kebar, Ekware, and Dekwambre), is a divergent language of New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>um</td><td>Sumararu</td><td><h6>a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uma</td><td>Konti Unai</td><td><h6>Papua, Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uma</td><td>Mariadei</td><td><h6>Papua, Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uma</td><td>Sarawandori</td><td><h6>New Guinea (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uma</td><td>Tindaret</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>umu</td><td>Womo</td><td><h6>Womo and Sumararu are a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>umo</td><td>Poo</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>umo</td><td>Barupu</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>umo</td><td>Barupu</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea, Sandaun province</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>?nda</td><td>Atemble</td><td><h6>Atemble, or Mand, is a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>3m; ʌ:m</td><td>Mawan</td><td><h6>Mawan is a Madang language of Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>3nd~o</td><td>Tombulu</td><td><h6>Tombulu, also known as Minahasan language is an Austronesian language of Northern Sulawesi in Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>3nd~o</td><td>Tonsawang</td><td><h6>Tonsawang, also known as Tombatu, is an Austronesian language of the Northern tip of Sulawesi, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>3nd~o</td><td>Tonsea</td><td><h6>Tonsea is an Austronesian language of the Northern tip of Sulawesi, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>53; ɲə</td><td>Manambu</td><td><h6>Manambu is one of the Ndu languages of Sepik River region of Northern Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>53la; ny3la; nyela</td><td>Yipma </td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>53n, 5iN</td><td>Urimo</td><td><h6>Urimo is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5iNar</td><td>Osum</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>niyala</td><td>Gumawana</td><td><h6>Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>n3s</td><td>Sursurunga</td><td><h6>Sursurunga is an Oceanic language of New Ireland (Northeast of Papua New Guinea).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>7ajit</td><td>Aasax</td><td><h6>The Asa (Aasa) language, commonly rendered Aasax, was spoken by the Asa people of Tanzania.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>8asne</td><td>Labo Windua</td><td><h6>Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>8urdi; dudi</td><td>Guwamu</td><td><h6>an extinct Australian Aboriginal language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>8urdu</td><td>Gunya Guwamu</td><td><h6>an extinct Australian Aboriginal language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aŋgi</td><td>Isabi</td><td><h6>Isabi (Maruhia) is a minor Papuan language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>a7</td><td>Bugawac</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea (the west side of the island)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>a8o</td><td>Lengo</td><td><h6>Solomon Islands</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>abei; bimu</td><td>Bine-Sogal-Boze-Gingarede-Kunini</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bimu</td><td>Bine Kunini</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>abezi; abuchi; abechi</td><td>Bine-Sebe-Irupi-Drageli</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>abezi; abwechi</td><td>Bine-Masingle-Tati</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>abiard</td><td>Nambo</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>abic</td><td>Kwerba Kauwerawet</td><td><h6>Papua, Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>abic</td><td>Kwerba Mamberamo </td><td><h6>Papua, Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>abija</td><td>Bagusa</td><td><h6>Indonesia (at the western part of Papua island)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>abis</td><td>Gizrra Togo</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>abis</td><td>Gizrra Waidoro</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>3b3s</td><td>Gizrra Kupere</td><td><h6>at the southern Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>abiy</td><td>Kwerba Naidjbedj</td><td><h6>Papua, Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>abiy</td><td>Kwerba</td><td><h6>Kwerba is a Papuan language of Indonesia. It goes by various names: Airmati (Armati), Koassa, Mataweja, Naibedj, Segar Tor, Tekutameso.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>abwi</td><td>Bayono</td><td><h6>the North of Papua province, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>abwinu</td><td>Awbono</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aeve</td><td>Teanu</td><td><h6>This language is spoken in Vanikoro (Solomon Islands).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>afok</td><td>Mianmin</td><td><h6>Mian is an Ok language spoken in the Telefomin district of the Sandaun province in Papua New Guinea by the Mian people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aicap; xoidop</td><td>Nengaya</td><td><h6>(Alternate names: Mato, Nenaya, Nineia). Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xoidop</td><td>Mato</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aim</td><td>Ap Ma</td><td><h6>Kambot ??? Ap Ma (Ap Ma Botin, Botin, also Karaube), is a Ramu-Lower Sepik language of Papua New Guinea of unclear affiliation</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aim</td><td>Kambot-Kambaramba</td><td><h6>East Sepik (Papua New Guinea)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ak3n</td><td>Kopar</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ak3n</td><td>Murik</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>akh~un</td><td>Murik</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea, East Sepik Province Murik aka Nor is a Lower Sepik language spoken in Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>akin</td><td>Murik-Kupar</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea, East Sepik Province</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>akomba</td><td>Daonda</td><td><h6>Daonda is a Papuan language of Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>akun</td><td>Murik-Karau</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea, East Sepik Province, Karau village</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>al; m3j3m</td><td>Uri</td><td><h6>Uri (Urii), or Erap, is one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>amʌknas; muabari</td><td>Kuot</td><td><h6>The Kuot language, or Panaras, is a language isolate, the only non-Austronesian language spoken on the island of New Ireland, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>am</td><td>Garuh</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>am</td><td>Panim</td><td><h6>Panim is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ama</td><td>Mauwake opora</td><td><h6>Mauwake (Mawake) is a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>amana</td><td>Ormu</td><td><h6>Ormu is an Austronesian language spoken in Jayapura Bay in Papua province, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>it; pi</td><td>Sepik Iwam</td><td><h6>a language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>itane</td><td>Kemberano</td><td><h6>Papua Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ayo; isie</td><td>Brat</td><td><h6>The Ayamaru language, or Mai Brat, is spoken by the Ayamaru people in the many villages around the Ayamaru Lakes on the Bird's Head Peninsula of West Papua.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ayo</td><td>Karon Dori</td><td><h6>Papua (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ayre</td><td>One Inebu</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aton</td><td>Digoel-Bari-Kati-Yongkom</td><td><h6>(South Muyu) Papua province: south coast, North of Fly river border with Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aton</td><td>Digoeleesch</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea (at the boarder with the New Guinea)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aton</td><td>Digul Muyu</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea (at the boarder with the New Guinea)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aton</td><td>Metomka Muyu</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aton</td><td>Ninatie Muyu</td><td><h6>West Papua.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aton</td><td>Kataut</td><td><h6>(alternative names: North Muyu, Kati-Ninanti, Moejoe, Niinati, Ninatie, North, North Kati, Yonggom, Yongkom, Yongom) Indonesia (Papua)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aton</td><td>Nakai</td><td><h6>Nakai is an Ok language of West Papua.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>au</td><td>Tunggare</td><td><h6>Tunggare (also called Tarunggare, Tarunggareh, Turunggare) is a language spoken in Papua, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aw3n</td><td>Torricelli</td><td><h6>The Torricelli language is spoken by about 500 people at the Northern Papua New Guinea coast.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>awin</td><td>Mufian</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>win</td><td>Bobawa</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>win</td><td>Malapa</td><td><h6>Southern Sulawesi (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>win</td><td>Ngofabobawa</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>win</td><td>Sabale</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>win</td><td>Tafasoho</td><td><h6>Tafasoho is within Indonesia and is nearby to Talapao and Babawa.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>win</td><td>Tagono</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>win</td><td>Talapao</td><td><h6>Talapao is within Indonesia and is nearby to Tafasoho and Babawa.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>win</td><td>West Makian</td><td><h6>West Makian (also known as Moi) is the most divergent of the Papuan languages of Halmahera. It is spoken on the coast near Makian Island, and on the western half of that island.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>awo</td><td>Ganglau</td><td><h6>Ganglau is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>awo</td><td>Saep</td><td><h6>Saep is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>awun</td><td>Kombio</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>awun</td><td>Yambes</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>az</td><td>Biliau</td><td><h6>(Awad Gey, Bing, Samang, Semang, Sengam) Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>az</td><td>Tuam</td><td><h6>Mutu, or Tuam (Mutu-Tuam), is an Austronesian languages of Morobe Province.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bai</td><td>Iau 2</td><td><h6>Papua (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>baidawan; bairawau</td><td>Mapena</td><td><h6>Mapena is a language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>baiyei; yai</td><td>Hewa</td><td><h6>Hewa, also known as Sisimin and Lagaip, is spoken by the Hewa people. Northern Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bala7a</td><td>Heyo</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>banma</td><td>Kyaimbarang</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>banma</td><td>Kyaimbarang-Miyak</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>banma</td><td>Miyak</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>batuhanu</td><td>Biatah Bidayuh</td><td><h6>at the western part of Borneo Island (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bauwa</td><td>Mulaha</td><td><h6>Mulaha is an extinct language of the Bird's Tail of Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bauwa</td><td>Mulaha-Iaibu</td><td><h6>Dialect of Mulaha language. Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>babau</td><td>Minaveha</td><td><h6>Minaveha (a.k.a. Kukuya) is an Oceanic language of Fergusson Island in Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bEsak</td><td>Piu</td><td><h6>Piu is an Oceanic language in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bigalo</td><td>Duvle 2</td><td><h6>New Guinea (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bilak</td><td>Ibanag</td><td><h6>Northern Luzon; Austronesian; Fillippines.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bihi</td><td>Wamas</td><td><h6>Wamas is a Madang language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>biyé; kitiN</td><td>Goliath</td><td><h6>Una, better known as Goliath, is a Papuan language of West Papua.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>budiva</td><td>Ouma</td><td><h6>Ouma is an extinct Austronesian language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yahan</td><td>Butleh</td><td><h6>Indonesia, Sorong island, West Papua province</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>buSan</td><td>Itik</td><td><h6>Papua Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>busyan</td><td>Mander</td><td><h6>Papua, Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lina; buwa</td><td>Binahari</td><td><h6>Binahari is a Papuan language of New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lina</td><td>Binahari-Mada'a</td><td><h6>a Papuan language of New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lina</td><td>Domu</td><td><h6>Domu (Dom) is a Papuan language of New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bwog</td><td>Elepi</td><td><h6>(also Elapi, Samap, Blabla) It is spoken in Samap village of Turubu Rural LLG, East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bwog</td><td>Samap</td><td><h6>Samap is one of three Kairiru languages spoken in East Sepik Province of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>coaN</td><td>Kate</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>col; zoN</td><td>Mangap</td><td><h6>The Northern Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>durdu</td><td>Bidyara</td><td><h6>(Bidjara, Pitjara) an extinct Australian Aboriginal language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dy3mar</td><td>Jafi</td><td><h6>Papua (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>imar (y3mar)</td><td>Yuri</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea region, Sandaun Province, Amanab District, along the Papua, Indonesia border.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dyan; tenkan</td><td>Ambrak </td><td><h6>Ambrak is a Torricelli language spoken in the Nuku District of the Sandaun Province in Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yam</td><td>Wogamusin</td><td><h6>Wogamusin is a Papuan language found in four villages in the Ambunti District of East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yan</td><td>Kawe</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dyau</td><td>Hermit</td><td><h6>at Manus island (Papua New Guinea)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>e5e</td><td>Middle Wahgi</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ebaka ukaha7o</td><td>Enggano (Engganese)</td><td><h6>, is the poorly known language of Enggano Island off the southwestern coast of Sumatra.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eboda</td><td>Wara (Png)</td><td><h6>Upper Morehead language, a Trans-Fly language of Papua New-Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ebsin</td><td>Lewo Visina</td><td><h6>Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>edo</td><td>Tondano</td><td><h6>Tondano (also known as Tolou, Tolour, Tondanou, and Toulour) is an Austronesian language spoken in the Tondano area of Northeast Sulawesi, Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>egedi; itaine</td><td>Kokoda Kasuweri</td><td><h6>Papua Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>egedi</td><td>Inanwatan</td><td><h6>Papua Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>egedi</td><td>Puragi</td><td><h6>Puragi is a Papuan language of the Bird's Head Peninsula of West Papua.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>elet; alo; suli</td><td>Carolinian</td><td><h6>Oceanic; Austronesian; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ema ndami:</td><td>Moni-Voorhoeve</td><td><h6>a Papuan language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>emondane; tay</td><td>Kemandoga</td><td><h6>Trans-New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>repadai</td><td>Wabo</td><td><h6>Wabo is a Malayo-Polynesian language of Papua, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>epdai; repdai</td><td>Kurudu</td><td><h6>Kurudu is an Eastern Yapen languages dialect of the Malayo-Polynesian languages, in Papua Province of Western New Guinea, Northeastern Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>erputhur</td><td>Peremka</td><td><h6>Kunja (Kancha), also known as Lower Morehead or Peremka, is a Papuan language of New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>erueng</td><td>Kampong (Kapong) Baru</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>esakha**</td><td>Bariji</td><td><h6>Bariji, or Bareji, is the name of several languages and dialects spoken near the Bariji River in Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>esar</td><td>Mawes</td><td><h6>Papua, Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>esar</td><td>Mawes-Dai</td><td><h6>a Papuan language of Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>esar</td><td>Mawes-Wares</td><td><h6>a Papuan language of Indonesia (the village Wares).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>etin</td><td>Axamb-Maxbaxo</td><td><h6>an Oceanic language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eve</td><td>Fuyuge</td><td><h6>Fuyug (Fuyuge, Fuyughe, Mafulu) is a language of Papua New Guinea spoken in the Central Province of the country.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ewaga; imi; veaga; wadiba; weaka</td><td>Bauwaki</td><td><h6>Bauwaki (Bawaki) is a Papuan language of New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ewaxa</td><td>Moikodi</td><td><h6>>Moikodi, a.k.a. Doriri - Papua New Guinea, Oro province.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>imi </td><td> Neme </td><td><h6>Neme, a variety of the Nambu language of Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ewulima</td><td>Fuyug Gagagra</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea (south-eastern)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fala; vala</td><td>Heyo</td><td><h6>a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vala</td><td>Yahang</td><td><h6>Yahang (Ya'unk) a.k.a. Ruruhip (Ruruhi'ip) is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fani; vani</td><td>Mountain Koiari</td><td><h6>Mountain Koiari (Koiali) is a language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vani</td><td>Grass Koiari</td><td><h6>Grass Koiari (Koiali) is a language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vani</td><td>Koiari</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vani</td><td>Koita</td><td><h6>Koita (or Koitabu) is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea in the Port Moresby area.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fad</td><td>Adang Pitung</td><td><h6>Another name is Alor. A Papuan language spoken on the Island of Alor East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wErE</td><td>Sausi</td><td><h6>Sausi is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fe:d; wer</td><td>Kabola</td><td><h6>spoken on the island of Alor in Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fEd</td><td>Adang</td><td><h6>The Adang language is spoken on the island of Alor in Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fed</td><td>Hamap</td><td><h6>the island of Alor in Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fEd</td><td>Kabola-Hamap</td><td><h6>dialect of Kabola (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fed</td><td>Kabola-Pitumbang</td><td><h6>dialect of Kabola (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fo7i</td><td>Gahuku Asaro</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fo'i</td><td>Dano</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fo'i</td><td>Gahuku</td><td><h6>Eastern Highlands; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>g3fu</td><td>Mongowar</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>g3gie; 3si (?)</td><td>Sinsauru</td><td><h6>Sinsauru, or Kow, is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>g3ldat</td><td>Yopno</td><td><h6>Yopno (Yupna, after the Yupna Valley) is one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ga</td><td>Dami (Ham)</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ga7a</td><td>Rennellese</td><td><h6>Rennell-Bellona, or Rennellese, is a Polynesian language spoken in the Rennell and Bellona Province of the Solomon Islands.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gage</td><td>Asas</td><td><h6>Asas, or Kow, is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gaNgai</td><td>Urigina</td><td><h6>Urigina is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gavoso</td><td>Simbo</td><td><h6>Spoken on the Island of Simbo, Solomon Islands.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gebem; qowa</td><td>Kuni-Boazi-Biak</td><td><h6>a Papuan language spoken in Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>qawa</td><td>Boazi</td><td><h6>Boazi (Bwadji), also known as Kuni after one of its dialects, is a Papuan language spoken in Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>qowa</td><td>South Boazi</td><td><h6>a Papuan language spoken in Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>getane</td><td>Ketengban Bime</td><td><h6>Eastern Papua Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gi5</td><td>Wandomi</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>giliga</td><td>Dadibi</td><td><h6>Dadibi (also Daribi or Karimui) is a language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gitapu</td><td>Kunimaipa</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>go</td><td>Ma Manda</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gon3k</td><td>Nuk</td><td><h6>Nuk is one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gyom, kyom</td><td>Alfendio</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>h3mu; hʌmu</td><td>Musar</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>h3p3ham3nd</td><td>Angor</td><td><h6>Angor (Anggor) AKA Senagi is a Senagi language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hahi</td><td>Domori</td><td><h6>Domori is in Papua New Guinea and is nearby to Dede, Wasua and Reginimi Island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>harisia</td><td>Samarokena Tomayo</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea (on the east part of island)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hEmari</td><td>Kowaki</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hEmei</td><td>Pulabu</td><td><h6>Pulabu is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hewio</td><td>Kerewo</td><td><h6>Kerewo is a Papuan language of Southern Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>heyop</td><td>Patep</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>heyop</td><td>Patep</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>heyub</td><td>Zenag</td><td><h6>Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hon</td><td>Usu</td><td><h6>Usu, also known as Uya, is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hoNa</td><td>Erima</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ona</td><td>Rocky Peak</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea?</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hora</td><td>Agi-Yolpa</td><td><h6>New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hot</td><td>Bunak</td><td><h6>The Bunak language (also known as Bunaq, Buna, Bunake) is the language of the Bunak people of the mountainous region of central Timor (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hovare</td><td>Keuru</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>humia</td><td>Wasembo</td><td><h6>Wasembo, also known as Biapim, Gusap, Yankowan, is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iabada</td><td>Agob Dabu</td><td><h6>Agob, or Dabu, is a Papuan language spoken in Western Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iabota</td><td>Kawam-Kibuli</td><td><h6>a Papuan language spoken in Western Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iebodo</td><td>Dibolug</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea (Southern part of island)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iebodo</td><td>Idi-Dibolug</td><td><h6>a Papuan language spoken in Western Province, Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iel</td><td>Letemboi</td><td><h6>Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>igda lona</td><td>Mantion</td><td><h6>Mantion (Manikion), also known as Sougb or Sogh, is a Papuan language of the East Bird's Head language family spoken in East Bird's Head, east of Meyah, south of Manokwari.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iN3r</td><td>Paynamar</td><td><h6>Paynamar, or Manat, is a divergent Madang language spoken in the Adelbert Range of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iriyabo</td><td>Foe</td><td><h6>Kutubuan; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>is3</td><td>Sumau</td><td><h6>Sumau, a.k.a. Garia (Kari), is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>isiro</td><td>Rapoisi</td><td><h6>Konua a.k.a. Rapoisi is a language of Bougainville, an island to the east of New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jaN</td><td>Kaiep</td><td><h6>Kaiep is one of three Kairiru languages spoken in East Sepik Province of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jaban (yavan)</td><td>Chenapian</td><td><h6>Chenapian (Chenap) is a Papuan language of East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jinmurga</td><td>Guragone</td><td><h6>Gurr-goni, also spelled Guragone, Gorogone, Gun-Guragone, Gunagoragone, Gungorogone, Gurrogone, Gutjertabia, is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken in Arnhem Land.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>löanga; pitala</td><td>Halia</td><td><h6>Oceanic; Austronesian; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>laharo</td><td>Nakanai 2</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>l'aran</td><td>Nauete</td><td><h6>Naueti (also written as Nauoti, Nauete) is an Austronesian language spoken by 15,045 (census 2010) in the subdistricts of Uato-Lari, Uatucarbau and Baguia in southeastern East Timor.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lasan</td><td>Salawati Maaya</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea (the western part of island)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lyasan</td><td>Misool Maya</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lyahan</td><td>Langanyan (Laganyan)</td><td><h6>Papua Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lavaNa</td><td>Gitua</td><td><h6>Gitua is an Austronesian language of Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>li3; liyəʔ</td><td>Kwomtari</td><td><h6>Kwomtari is the eponymous language of the Kwomtari family of Papua New Guinea. It is spoken in six villages in Amanab District, Sandaun Province.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lukw~ahea</td><td>Southwest Tanna Ikiyau</td><td><h6>the language on the south part of Vanuatu island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mɔʌ</td><td>Moere</td><td><h6>Moere is a nearly extinct Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mεrεʔ</td><td>Mamaa</td><td><h6>Mamaa is one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea, spoken in a single village in Morobe Province.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mεre</td><td>Finungwa</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>m3di; m?diʔ</td><td>Kelon</td><td><h6>Kelon (or Kalong, Kelong, Klon, Klon Bring, Klon Paneia, Kolon), is a Papuan language of the western tip of Alor Island in the Alor archipelago of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>m3di (medi)</td><td>Kelon Probur</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>m3l</td><td>Southwest Tanna Imreang</td><td><h6>the language on the south part of Vanuatu island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>m3l</td><td>Southwest Tanna Lapwangtoai</td><td><h6>the language on the south part of Vanuatu island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>m3li; mʌ:li</td><td>Pamosu</td><td><h6>Pamosu is a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>m3li</td><td>Hinihon</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>m3r3 xain</td><td>Bierebo Tavio</td><td><h6>Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>m3r3kial</td><td>Maii</td><td><h6>Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>m3rayina</td><td>Lewo Mapremo</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>m3rie</td><td>Axamb-Avok</td><td><h6>an Oceanic language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>m3ri</td><td>Kwamera Yatukwey</td><td><h6>in the Southern part of Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>3m3ri; ʌmʌri</td><td>Mawak</td><td><h6>Mawak is a nearly extinct Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ma7a</td><td>Dubu</td><td><h6>Dubu, also known as Tebi, is a Pauwasi language of West New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gabudara; maigara</td><td>Jimajima (Dima)</td><td><h6>a Papuan language of New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mai; taliye</td><td>Pouye</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mai</td><td>Butmas</td><td><h6>Butmas, also Butmas-Tur or Farafi, is a language of the interior of Santo Island in Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>maigara</td><td>Umanakaina Gwoiden</td><td><h6>the South-East of Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>maihala</td><td>Bohutu</td><td><h6>Buhutu (Bohutu) is an Oceanic language spoken in Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>maim; malε</td><td>Munkip</td><td><h6>Munkip (Mungkip) is a nearly extinct Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>maim</td><td>Nek</td><td><h6>Nek is one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>maja'e</td><td>Aomie</td><td><h6>A language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>male</td><td>Dibiyaso</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea, Western Papua</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>malelel**</td><td>Bisis</td><td><h6>Bisis is a Sepik language spoken in East Sepik Province, Papua-New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>maliti</td><td>Biga</td><td><h6>Biga is a heavily Papuan-influenced Austronesian language spoken in West Papua in the south of the island of Misool</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mape</td><td>Ampeeli</td><td><h6>Angan; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mape</td><td>Kamasa</td><td><h6>Kamasa is a nearly extinct Angan language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mapiya</td><td>Kawatsa (Kawacha)</td><td><h6>Kawatsa is a nearly extinct Angan language of Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mapya</td><td>Yagwoia</td><td><h6>Yagwoia (Yeghuye), or Kokwaiyakwa, is an Angan language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mara binia</td><td>Bierebo</td><td><h6>Bierebo (or Bonkovia-Yevali) is an Oceanic language spoken on Epi Island, in Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mara wi5a</td><td>Bierebo Burupika</td><td><h6>Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mara</td><td>Abasakur</td><td><h6>Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>marak</td><td>Sirasira</td><td><h6>Austronesian languages of the Morobe district, Papua.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mari</td><td>Laua</td><td><h6>Laua, also known as Labu, is a language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>masa</td><td>Maria-Orai iu</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mau</td><td>Meninggo</td><td><h6>Meninggo, or Moskona or Sabena, is a Papuan language of the North coast of Papua, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mauwuru; yagi</td><td>Bikaru</td><td><h6>(Bugalu, Pikaru) Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>maya</td><td>Namumi</td><td><h6>Trans-New Guinea, West Kutubu. (Dialect of Fasu language).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>meda</td><td>Doromu Aramaika</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>meda</td><td>Doromu Bareika</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>meda</td><td>Maria-Gebi</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mei</td><td>Polonombauk</td><td><h6>Polonombauk is a language of the interior of the southeast of Santo Island in Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>meida7a</td><td>Doromu Lofaika</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>meida7a</td><td>Maria-Maranomu</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mEk3li</td><td>Wanambre</td><td><h6>Wanambre is a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mele</td><td>Numanggang</td><td><h6>Numanggang (Manggang) is a language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mENkaxEN</td><td>Wagau</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>menoNwa</td><td>Riantana</td><td><h6>Riantana, or Kimaam, is a language spoken on Yos Sudarso Island in Papua province, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>metakal</td><td>Ap Ma (Apma)</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>misiama; misiavo</td><td>Taurap</td><td><h6>The Burmeso language, also known as Taurap, is spoken by some 300 people along the mid Mamberamo River in Papua province, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mp~iab; prow</td><td>Hattam</td><td><h6>Hattam (also spelled Hatam, Atam) is a divergent language of New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>n?negar</td><td>Kaningra</td><td><h6>Kaningra (Kaningara) language is a Sepik language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>naβinioka</td><td>Ramopa</td><td><h6>Keriaka AKA Ramopa is an East Papuan of Bougainville, an island to the east of New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Na5</td><td>Walman</td><td><h6>Walman (or Valman) is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Namali</td><td>Sepa </td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>namban</td><td>Bungain</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nabu</td><td>Ayiwo (Aiwoo, Aiwo)</td><td><h6>Eastern Solomon Islands. Oceanic; Austronesian; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>naniu</td><td>Bilua</td><td><h6>Bilua; Solomons East Papuan; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nanu</td><td>Bilua-Ndovele</td><td><h6>Bilua is the most populous Papuan language spoken in the Solomon Islands</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Nanu</td><td>Walman Chinapeli</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea (At the North)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nasirewe</td><td>Yeretuar</td><td><h6>Yeretuar, or Goni, is an Austronesian language in its putative Cenderawasih branch from Cenderawasih Bay (Geelvink Bay) in Indonesian Papua.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>neiya; nilia</td><td>Amto </td><td><h6>Amto (also known as Ki) is an Amto-Musan language spoken in Sandaun Province of Papua New Guinea in the Amanab and Rocky Peak Districts, south of the Upper Sepik River, toward the headwaters of the Left May River on the Samaia River.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ngas</td><td>Kara</td><td><h6>Kara language, an Austronesian language spoken by people in the Kavieng District, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>niba</td><td>Ipiko</td><td><h6>Ipiko (Epai, Higa, Ipikoi) is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nimbe</td><td>Juwal</td><td><h6>Juwal a.k.a. Muniwara is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea. Other names are Mambe and Tumara ~ Tumaru.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nirala**</td><td>Qaqet</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nyet thew; 5etth~eu</td><td>Thong Boi</td><td><h6>Sumatra</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>o waNe</td><td>Modole (Madole)</td><td><h6>Modole is a Papuan Halmahera language of Indonesia. The language is spoken in several villages in the Kao region on the Northern peninsula of the island of Halmahera.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>waNe malako</td><td>Galela</td><td><h6>North Halmaheran; West Papuan; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>waNe; waNe ma lako lau</td><td>Tidore</td><td><h6>Tidore is a West Papuan language of Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>waNe</td><td>Pagu</td><td><h6>Pagu, named after one of its dialects, is a Papuan Halmahera language of Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>waNe</td><td>Tobelo</td><td><h6>Tobelo is a West Papuan language spoken on the eastern Indonesian island of Halmahera and on parts of several neighboring islands</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>odEmo</td><td>Ukuriguma</td><td><h6>Ukuriguma is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oi</td><td>Mekwei-Maribu</td><td><h6>a Papuan language of Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ond~om</td><td>Pila</td><td><h6>Pila may refer to: Yom language or Pilapila, is a Gur language of Benin. Maia language, a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ora</td><td>Iresim</td><td><h6>Yeresiam or Iresim is an Austronesian language in the putative Cenderawasih (Geelvink Bay) of Indonesian Papua. It is not closely related to other languages.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>orobia</td><td>Tandia</td><td><h6>Tandia is a nearly extinct Austronesian language in the putative Cenderawasih (Geelvink Bay) family of Indonesian Papua.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>otEm</td><td>Pay</td><td><h6>Pay, or Mala, is a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>owa</td><td>Bogaya (Pogaya)</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>p3kas</td><td>Nakame</td><td><h6>Nakama is one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>paŋgat</td><td>Kinalakna</td><td><h6>Kinalakna is a Papuan language of Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>paŋgat</td><td>Kumokio</td><td><h6>Kumokio is a Papuan language of Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pa'</td><td>Fore</td><td><h6>Eastern Highlands; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pim3tiE</td><td>Irarutu</td><td><h6>Irarutu, Irahutu, or Kasira, is an Austronesian language of most of the interior of the Bomberai Peninsula of New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pirarau</td><td>Girawa</td><td><h6>Girawa, also known as Bagasin (Begasin, Begesin), is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>po</td><td>Gende</td><td><h6>Gende (Gendeka, Gene; also Bundi) is a Papuan language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>poari</td><td>Pila</td><td><h6>Pila may refer to: Yom language or Pilapila, is a Gur language of Benin. Maia language, a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>poiap</td><td>Timbe</td><td><h6>Timbe is a Papuan language spoken in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>poiya</td><td>Wano</td><td><h6>Wano is a Papuan language of the Indonesian New Guinea Highlands.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pooybE</td><td>Sanio</td><td><h6>Sanio, or more precisely Saniyo-Hiyewe, is a Sepik language of Northern Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>r3ma</td><td>Pinai Hagahai Aramo</td><td><h6>Hagahai, also known as Pinai, is one of two languages of the Piawi family of New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>r3ma</td><td>Pinai Hagahai Pinai</td><td><h6>New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rannje</td><td>Fatakai Nuaulu Seram</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rapr</td><td>Angaua</td><td><h6>Nend (Nent), or Angaua, is a Papuan language spoken by the Angaua people of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>repadai</td><td>Wabo</td><td><h6>Wabo is a Malayo-Polynesian language of Papua, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rera</td><td>Onin</td><td><h6>Onin is a minor Austronesian language of the Onin Peninsula of Bomberai, Indonesian Papua.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rera</td><td>Sekar</td><td><h6>Sekar (Seka) is a minor Austronesian language of the North coast of the Bomberai Peninsula.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>s3mari</td><td>Tabriak</td><td><h6>Tabriak, also known as Karawari or Yokoim, is one of the Lower Sepik languages of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>s3nmali</td><td>Chambri-Kilimbit</td><td><h6>Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sabala</td><td>Sota Kanum</td><td><h6>New Guinea ?</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sa7i</td><td>Kiwai Southern</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sai</td><td>Kiwai</td><td><h6>Kiwaian; Kiwaian; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>saiki; soiki</td><td>Bamu Kiwai</td><td><h6>Kiwaian; Kiwaian; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>soiki (saikio)</td><td>Bamu</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>saiki</td><td>Sisiame</td><td><h6>Southern Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>saiki-opu</td><td>Pirupiru</td><td><h6>Southern Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sano</td><td>Wagarabai</td><td><h6>West Mian (Wagarabai or Skonga). Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sariki; seki</td><td>Wabuda</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sayeb</td><td>Sambio</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sbabo</td><td>Bonggo</td><td><h6>Bonggo, also known as Armopa, is an Austronesian language spoken on the North coast of Papua province, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sebiE</td><td>Lemio</td><td><h6>Lemio is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sedap</td><td>Gusan (???)</td><td><h6>Gusan (a.k.a. Nema) is one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>seii</td><td>Tao Suamato</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>osui</td><td>Amanab</td><td><h6>a Papuan language spoken by 4,400 people in Amanab District, Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sia</td><td>Pawaia</td><td><h6>Pawaia, also known as Sira, Tudahwe, Yasa, is a Papuan language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sial</td><td>Seke</td><td><h6>The Seke language of Pentecost Island, Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sImalə</td><td>Mari</td><td><h6>Mari, or Hop, is a minor Austronesian language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>siar</td><td>Dusner</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea (western part of island)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>siar</td><td>Meoswar</td><td><h6>Meoswar is an Austronesian language of Cenderawasih Bay in the province of Papua, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sida; mokoi (?)</td><td>Usino</td><td><h6>Usino (also Sop) is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea by approximately 2,500 people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sivio</td><td>Minanibai</td><td><h6>Minanibai, or Foia Foia (Foyafoya) is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea, spoken in an area near Omati River mouth in Ikobi Kairi and Goaribari Census districts (Gulf Province).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>siwuk</td><td>Sirak</td><td><h6>Sirak, also known as Nafi, is an Austronesian language of Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>siu; siwuk</td><td>Musom</td><td><h6>Musom is an Austronesian language of Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>so7ore</td><td>Karaeta Uaripi</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>so7ore</td><td>Luluitera Uaripi</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>so7ore</td><td>Murua Stmt Uaripi</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>so7ore</td><td>Petoe Uaripi</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>so7ore</td><td>Siviri Uaripi</td><td><h6>Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sore</td><td>Meii2 Uaripi</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sore</td><td>Uaripi Uaripi</td><td><h6>a Trans-New Guinea language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>soa</td><td>Omati</td><td><h6>Omati, or Mini, is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. The two varieties, Barikewa and Mouwase, are quite divergent.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sobe</td><td>Saberi</td><td><h6>Isirawa (Saberi) is a Papuan language spoken by about two thousand people on the North coast of Papua province, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sona</td><td>Duduela</td><td><h6>Duduela, also known as Uyajitaya, is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>soning</td><td>Tabla</td><td><h6>Tabla (one of two Papuan languages also known as Tanah Merah) is spoken on the coast of Tanahmerah Bay, close to Jayapura, in Northern Papua (Indonesia).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sool</td><td>Lukep</td><td><h6>Arop-Lokep (also spelled Arop-Lukep) is an Oceanic language spoken by 3,015 people (as of 2000) on four islands in the Siassi chain in the Vitiaz Strait in Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>so</td><td>Biritai</td><td><h6>Biritai (Biri) is a Lakes Plain language of Irian Jaya, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>so</td><td>Eritai</td><td><h6>New Guinea (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>so</td><td>Kwerisa</td><td><h6>Papua, Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>so</td><td>Obokuitai</td><td><h6>Obokuitai (Obogwitai) is a Lakes Plain language of Irian Jaya, Indonesia. It is named after Obogwi village. Sikaritai, Obokuitai, and Eritai constitute a dialect cluster.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suŋol</td><td>Gants</td><td><h6>a Madang language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>su7</td><td>Ttsakwambo</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suak</td><td>Maralango</td><td><h6>Northern Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suak</td><td>Dangal</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suok</td><td>Bubwaf</td><td><h6>Austronesian language of the Morobe district, Papua.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sual</td><td>Kovai</td><td><h6>Kovai (Kobai, Kowai) is a Papuan language spoken on Umboi Island, halfway between mainland Papua New Guinea and the island of New Britain, and mostly within the caldera of that volcanic island.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>soLi</td><td>Kamula</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suana; suani</td><td>Binumarien</td><td><h6>Eastern Highlands; Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suana</td><td>Tairora-Binumarien</td><td><h6>Eastern Highlands; Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Sum (Sam)</td><td>Sauri</td><td><h6>Sauri is a Papuan language of the Indonesian province of Papua, on the eastern shore of Cenderawasih Bay.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>S3u</td><td>Dagin</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>os</td><td>Gobasi</td><td><h6>Gobasi, better known as Nomad, is a Trans-New Guinea language of New Guinea, spoken in the plains east of the Strickland River.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>o*s</td><td>Gebusi</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>o*s</td><td>Honibo</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>o*s</td><td>Oibae</td><td><h6>A language of Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>o*so*</td><td>Kubo</td><td><h6>Kubo is a Trans-New Guinea language of New Guinea, spoken in the plains of the Strickland River.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>osigo (osogo)</td><td>Odoodee</td><td><h6>Odoodee (Ododei) is a Trans-New Guinea language of New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oso</td><td>Agala</td><td><h6>Agala (or Fembe) is a Trans-New Guinea language of New Guinea, spoken in the plains east of the Strickland River.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ʌsɔ (3so)</td><td>Konai</td><td><h6>Konai is a Trans-New Guinea language of New Guinea, spoken on the west bank of the Strickland River.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suwi</td><td>Silisili</td><td><h6>Northern Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suwo7</td><td>Onank</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taidEn</td><td>Kehu</td><td><h6>Kehu (Keu) is an unclassified and nearly extinct language of New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>takaya</td><td>Kwato</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea, Kwato Island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tale</td><td>Seget</td><td><h6>Seget is a Papuan language of the Bird's Head Peninsula of New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tali</td><td>Tehit</td><td><h6>Tehit is a Papuan language of the Bird's Head Peninsula of New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tawu3i</td><td>Car</td><td><h6>Indonesia, Sulawesi island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tawuti</td><td>Lilau</td><td><h6>Lilau is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea, closely related to Monumbo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tegi</td><td>Suabo</td><td><h6>Suabo (Suabau), also known as Inanwatan, is a Papuan language of West Papua.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>telu</td><td>Moraid</td><td><h6>Moraid is a Papuan language of the Bird's Head Peninsula of New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>teme</td><td>Kaugat</td><td><h6>Kaugat (or Atohwaim) is a Papuan language of West Papua.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tet</td><td>Mandobo Bawah</td><td><h6>A language of Indonesia (Papua).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ti</td><td>Dubea</td><td><h6>Ndrumbea, variously spelled Ndumbea, Drubea, Dumbea and Paita, is a New Caledonian language (the Grande Terre island, near Vanuatu).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ti</td><td>Yahadian</td><td><h6>Yahadian is a Papuan language of the Bird's Head Peninsula of West Papua.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tigi</td><td>Duriankere</td><td><h6>Duriankere is an endangered Papuan language of West Papua.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>to</td><td>Faia (Kirikiri-Faia)</td><td><h6>(Faia dialect of Kirikiri). Southern Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>to</td><td>Kirikiri</td><td><h6>Southern Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uas (os)</td><td>Tumleo</td><td><h6>Tumleo is an Austronesian language of coastal Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea, on Tumleo Island and the Aitape coast.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ud</td><td>Korak</td><td><h6>a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uh</td><td>Matepi</td><td><h6>Matepi is a Madang language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>unaʔ; wegi</td><td>West Mape</td><td><h6>Mape is a Papuan language spoken in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>umo</td><td>Ramo</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea, Sandaun province</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>u:s; us</td><td>Bagupi</td><td><h6>Bagupi is a nearly extinct Madang language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>us</td><td>Nake</td><td><h6>Nake is a Madang language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>us</td><td>Nake</td><td><h6>Nake is a Madang language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>us</td><td>Utu</td><td><h6>Utu is a Madang language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>usam</td><td>Manem</td><td><h6>Manem, or Jeti (Yeti), is a Papuan language of Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea, and Indonesian Papua.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uwe meZa (uwem3ja)</td><td>Dem</td><td><h6>Dem (Lem, Ndem) is a possible Trans-New Guinea language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vanua</td><td>Taulil</td><td><h6>Taulil is a Papuan language spoken in East New Britain Province on the island of New Britain, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vatave</td><td>Tauade</td><td><h6>Tauade is a Papuan language of New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vEd</td><td>Kabola-Aimoli</td><td><h6>dialect of Kabola (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wEd</td><td>Kelon Halerman</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wEd3</td><td>Blagar Tereweng</td><td><h6>Indonesia, at western part of the Vetar island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wed; vid; vit</td><td>Blagar</td><td><h6>a Papuan language of Pantar island in the Alor archipelago of Indonesia..</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vesi</td><td>Samosa</td><td><h6>Samosa is a Madang language of Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vihi</td><td>Mosimo</td><td><h6>Mosimo is a nearly extinct Madang language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vir</td><td>Rapting</td><td><h6>Rapting is a Madang language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vish~i</td><td>Murupi</td><td><h6>Murupi is a Madang language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wʌniŋ</td><td>Kobol</td><td><h6>Kobol, or Koguman, is a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>w3lwa</td><td>Namia</td><td><h6>Namia (Namie, Nemia) is a Sepik language spoken in Sandaun Province, Papua-New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wagoʔ</td><td>Momare</td><td><h6>Momare is a moribund Papuan language of Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wegoʔ; wena7</td><td>Migabac</td><td><h6>Migabac is a Papuan language spoken in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wegiʔ</td><td>East Mape</td><td><h6>Mape is a Papuan language spoken in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wangere ma la7o</td><td>Sahu</td><td><h6>Sahu (Sa'u, Sahu'u, Sau) is a Papuan Halmahera language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>warE3ma</td><td>Parawen</td><td><h6>Parawen is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>watli</td><td>Beli</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wazam**</td><td>Bilakura</td><td><h6>Bilakura is a nearly extinct Papuan language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wehon; welgon</td><td>Burum-Mindik</td><td><h6>a Papuan language spoken in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wehon</td><td>Mindik</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wehon</td><td>Somba Siawari</td><td><h6>a Papuan language spoken in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>welgan</td><td>Yaknge</td><td><h6>a Papuan language spoken in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wEdEm</td><td>Saki</td><td><h6>northeastern Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>welgon</td><td>Burum</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wen </td><td>Ndom 2</td><td><h6>Ndom is a language spoken on Yos Sudarso Island in Papua province, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>weN (we:ŋ)</td><td>Borong (Boroŋ)</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea, Morobe province.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>weN</td><td>Kosorong</td><td><h6>Kosorong is a Papuan language spoken in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. Dialects are Borong and Yangeborong.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wepni; wupli; yam</td><td>Au</td><td><h6>Wapei-Palei; Torricelli; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wupli</td><td>Yil</td><td><h6>Yil is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wupli</td><td>Yir</td><td><h6> Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wEs</td><td>Lamma-Biangwala</td><td><h6>Dialect of Western Pantar language (western part of Pantar island in the Alor archipelago of Indonesia.)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wim; zE; zeq</td><td>Bargam</td><td><h6>Bargam, or Mugil, is a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wufliy3x</td><td>Ningil</td><td><h6>Ningil is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xahi</td><td>Sinagen</td><td><h6>Sinagen, or Galu, is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xaro</td><td>Bola</td><td><h6>Bola, or Bakovi, is an Oceanic language of West New Britain in Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yəbod</td><td>Ende-Agob-Dabu</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yʌbəd</td><td>Tame-Idi</td><td><h6>a Papuan language spoken in Western Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yabel</td><td>Yessan Mayo</td><td><h6>Yessan-Mayo, also known as Yessan or Mayo, is a Papuan language spoken by 2000 people in Papua-New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yabEra</td><td>Sipoma</td><td><h6>Sipoma (also known as Siboma or Numbami) is an Austronesian language spoken by about 200 people with ties to a single village in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yage</td><td>Bisorio</td><td><h6>Nete, also known as Bisorio, Malamauda, or Iniai, is an Engan language spoken in Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yakra</td><td>Orya</td><td><h6>Oriya may refer to: Oriya language (India); nei?aa - Orya language (New Guinea).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yaku</td><td>Tofamna</td><td><h6>Tofanma or Tofamna is a poorly documented Papuan language of Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yanep</td><td>Nukna</td><td><h6>Nukna, or Komutu, is one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yemar</td><td>Emem</td><td><h6>Emumu, or Emem, is an Eastern Pauwasi language in Papua Indonesia (at the border with Papua New Guinea).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yEneza</td><td>Kapriman</td><td><h6>Kapriman is a Sepik language spoken in East Sepik Province, Papua-New Guinea. Alternative names are Mugumute, Wasare.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yge</td><td>Kamano Kafe</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yge</td><td>Kamano</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yege</td><td>Yagaria</td><td><h6>Eastern Highlands; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yege</td><td>Inoke-Yate</td><td><h6>Inoke, or Yate (Jate), is a Papuan language spoken in Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yaul (yaun)</td><td>Wam</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea (at the border between East Sepik and Sandaun provinces)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>youn</td><td>Karas</td><td><h6>Karas is a divergent Trans-New Guinea language spoken on the biggest of the Karas Islands off the Bomberai Peninsula, that appears to be most closely related to the West Bomberai languages.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yoni</td><td>Fas</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea (in the Northern part, near the Papua Indonesia border)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yohl</td><td>Patani</td><td><h6>Patani is an Austronesian language of Southern Halmahera, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yos3 (yosu) </td><td>Mena</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iyo; padah; popo'nah</td><td>Awa</td><td><h6>Eastern Highlands; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iv?o</td><td>Anigibi</td><td><h6>Southern Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iyen; owun</td><td>Eitiep</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iyep</td><td> Nungon </td><td><h6>a Papuan language of Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iyo; poponah</td><td>Ilakia</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iyos</td><td>Ikobi Kairi</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iyub</td><td>Latep</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yub</td><td>Towangara</td><td><h6>Austronesian languages of the Morobe district, Papua.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yob</td><td>Dambi</td><td><h6>Language of Papua New Guinea,</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yob</td><td>Kumaru</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ya</td><td>Maisin</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea (Oceanic; Austronesian; Australia and Oceania)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ya</td><td>Dakaka</td><td><h6>Daakaka (also known as Dakaka, South Ambrym and Baiap) is a native language of Ambrym, Vanuatu (the south-western corner of the island).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ya*</td><td>Toura</td><td><h6>Toura may be: Toura language (Cote d'Ivoire). Toura language (Papua New Guinea).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ya</td><td>Banaro</td><td><h6>Banaro is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ya</td><td>Kwoma</td><td><h6>Kwoma is a Sepik language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yal</td><td>North Ambrym Ranon</td><td><h6>a language of Ambrym Island, Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yal</td><td>Nguluwan</td><td><h6>Nguluwan is a 'mixed' language spoken on an atoll of that name between Yap and Palau. The grammar and lexicon are Yapese, but the phonology has been affected by Ulithian, and speakers are shifting to that language. It belongs to the Austronesian languages, more specifically to the Oceanic branch of that family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yal</td><td>Wom</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yaal (yal')</td><td>Yapese</td><td><h6>One of five National/Official Languages of the Federated States of Micronesia. Spoken in the State of Yap, Federated States of Micronesia. (Yapese; Austronesian; Australia and Oceania)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yal</td><td>Big Nambas Leviamp</td><td><h6>Vanuatu island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yal</td><td>Sa</td><td><h6>North-Central Vanuatu (an Oceanic language spoken on Small Malaita and Ulawa Island in the Solomon Islands)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ial</td><td>North Ambrym Fonah</td><td><h6>a language of Ambrym Island, Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>burgu; yalgan</td><td>Yugambeh-Minyangbal-Ngarahkwai</td><td><h6>Pama-Nyungan; Australian; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>burgu</td><td>Geynyan</td><td><h6>Pama-Nyungan; Australian; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yalgan; jalNa5; jiru; burgu</td><td>Yugambal</td><td><h6>Yugambal (Yugumbal, Jukambal), or Yugumbil (Jukambil), is an Australian Aboriginal language of Northern New South Wales.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yalgan</td><td>Waalubal</td><td><h6>(Waalubal-Kambuwal) Pama-Nyungan; Australian; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yalgan</td><td>Gidabal</td><td><h6>in the West of Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yalgan</td><td>Gidabal-Winjabal</td><td><h6>Pama-Nyungan; Australian; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>*elaw </td><td>Proto-Sangiric</td><td><h6>Austronesian language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yel</td><td>Repanbitip</td><td><h6>Repanbitip is one of the Malakula Interior languages of Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yei</td><td>Gabiano</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yei</td><td>Niksek-Gabiano</td><td><h6>Niksek is a Sepik language of Northern Papua New Guinea. The two dialects, Paka and Gabiano, are rather divergent.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yei</td><td>Piame</td><td><h6>Piame is a Sepik language of Northern Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yel</td><td>Big Nambas Unmet</td><td><h6>Vanuatu island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ye</td><td>Asmat, Central (Keenok, Yipaer Dialect)</td><td><h6>Asmat-Kamoro; Trans-New Guinea; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yo</td><td>Asmat, Central (Mecamup, Amanamkai Dialect)</td><td><h6>Asmat-Kamoro; Trans-New Guinea; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yo</td><td>Asmat, Central (Mecamup, Omanesep Dialect)</td><td><h6>Asmat-Kamoro; Trans-New Guinea; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yo</td><td>Asmat, Central (Misman, Meriten Dialect)</td><td><h6>Asmat-Kamoro; Trans-New Guinea; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zoe</td><td>Asmat, Yaosakor </td><td><h6>Trans-New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yo</td><td>Asmat Central (Kainak, Atat Dialect)</td><td><h6>Asmat-Kamoro; Trans-New Guinea; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yoe</td><td>Asmat, Central (Keenakap, Miwar Dialect)</td><td><h6>Asmat-Kamoro; Trans-New Guinea; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yow</td><td>Asmat, Central (Mismam, Suru Dialect)</td><td><h6>Asmat-Kamoro; Trans-New Guinea; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yow</td><td>Asmat, Central (Mismam, Yepem Dialect)</td><td><h6>Asmat-Kamoro; Trans-New Guinea; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yoe</td><td>Asmat, Central (Keenakap, Namen Dialect)</td><td><h6>Asmat-Kamoro; Trans-New Guinea; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yow; jawui</td><td>Asmat, Casuarina Coast</td><td><h6>Asmat-Kamoro; Trans-New Guinea; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yow</td><td>Asmat, Central (Simai, Ayam Dialect)</td><td><h6>Asmat-Kamoro; Trans-New Guinea; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yow; yawi; jou; zoe</td><td>Asmat, Central</td><td><h6>Trans-New Guinea, Asmat-Kamoro, Asmat</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yawi</td><td>Warkaj</td><td><h6>Papua New-Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yawi</td><td>Warkay-Bipim</td><td><h6>Bipim, or Warkay-Bipim, is a Papuan language spoken in Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yoo</td><td>Asmat, Central (Keenok, Komar Dialect)</td><td><h6>Trans-New Guinea, Asmat-Kamoro, Asmat</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yow; jawui</td><td>Asmat, Casuarina Coast</td><td><h6>Trans-New Guinea, Asmat-Kamoro, Asmat</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yaw</td><td>Kamoro</td><td><h6>Trans-New Guinea, Asmat-Kamoro, Kamoro</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yowi</td><td>Sempan</td><td><h6>Trans-New Guinea, Asmat-Kamoro, Sempan </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mamin; lup</td><td>Korowai</td><td><h6>Papua Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>manas</td><td>Baikenu</td><td><h6>(Ambeno, Ambenu, Baikeno, Biqueno). East Timor, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>manas</td><td>Uab Meto</td><td><h6>Uab Meto is an Austronesian language spoken by Atoni people (also known as the Atoin Meto or Dawan) of West Timor. They number around 844,030</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>maNg~am</td><td>Ura</td><td><h6>Ura is a moribund language of the island Erromango in Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>marari; was</td><td>Lamma</td><td><h6>Western Pantar, also known by the name of one of its dialects, Lamma, is a Papuan language spoken in the western part of Pantar island in the Alor archipelago of Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mariE</td><td>Port Sandwich</td><td><h6>Port Sandwich, or Lamap, is an Oceanic language spoken in southeast Malakula, Vanuatu, on the eastern tip of the island.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>maxa</td><td>Ajie</td><td><h6>Aji? (also known as Bakla (beki), Wai, and A'jie) is an Oceanic language spoken in New Caledonia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mazakal</td><td>Sowa</td><td><h6>Sowa was the original language of south-central Pentecost island in Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mbil</td><td>Buma</td><td><h6>Oceanic; Austronesian; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mentao</td><td>Awji</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea (Northern area)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mErai</td><td>Lamenu</td><td><h6>Lamenu is an Oceanic language spoken on Epi Island, in Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>meri</td><td>Kwamera Isiai</td><td><h6>in the Southern part of Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>meri</td><td>Kwamera Port Resolution</td><td><h6>in the Southern part of Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>meriar</td><td>Axamb </td><td><h6>Axamb (or Ahamb) is an Oceanic language spoken in South Malakula, Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>metial</td><td>Maskelynes</td><td><h6>Maskelynes, or Kuliviu, is an Oceanic language spoken on the Maskelyne Islets off south Malakula, Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mir3</td><td>Jeisch</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea (at the south part of the island)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>motih ond~u</td><td>Kualan</td><td><h6>the Borneo island (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>motobi</td><td>Lubu</td><td><h6>Sumatra (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mrai</td><td>Lewo Nikaura</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mupui; h3p3ham3nd~3</td><td>Angor (Anggor)</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mut3Nar</td><td>Whitesands Iarkei</td><td><h6>Southern part of Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mut3Nar</td><td>Whitesands Loniel</td><td><h6>Southern part of Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mw~ere5o</td><td>Baki</td><td><h6>Baki is an Oceanic language spoken on Epi Island, in Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>n3kw~o</td><td>Yelogu</td><td><h6>Yelogu, also known as Kaunga, is one of the Ndu languages of Sepik River region of Northern Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nisik</td><td>Sause</td><td><h6>New Guinea (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Nxw$ariau</td><td>Foau</td><td><h6>The Foau language, Abawiri, also known as Doa, is a Lakes Plain language of Irian Jaya, Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>okoba</td><td>Imonda</td><td><h6>Border; Border; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oNe ma loko</td><td>Loda</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ouoie</td><td>Vano</td><td><h6>Solomon Islands (Temotu Province, Vanikolo Island, Lale and Lavaka villages)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>perepa; perepana; rua</td><td>Buin</td><td><h6>East Bougainville;East Bougainville; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pola</td><td>Sengi</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rukw~ea</td><td>Southwest Tanna Ikiti</td><td><h6>the language on the south part of Vanuatu island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rukw~ehia</td><td>Southwest Tanna Enfitana</td><td><h6>the southwestern coast of Tanna Island in Vanuatu (to the East from Australia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sipo</td><td>Nafri</td><td><h6>Nafri is a Papuan language of Papua, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>siyEb</td><td>Buasi</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea (the east side of the island)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>suka</td><td>Folopa</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Sulu; raka</td><td>Mentawai</td><td><h6>Indonesia,the Mentawai island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>swabo</td><td>Kaptiau</td><td><h6>Kaptiau (Kapitiauw) is an Austronesian language spoken on the eastern North coast of Papua province, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>takN~ni</td><td>Kukwo</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea. 3,740 speakers</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>takume</td><td>Manga</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tapak</td><td>Jakaj</td><td><h6>Papua (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>teat</td><td>Cemuhi</td><td><h6>Oceanic; Austronesian; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>teet</td><td>Kaeti Dumut</td><td><h6>Papua Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tefe</td><td>Kapong Baru</td><td><h6>Papua (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tigyabo; tigyavo</td><td>Awera</td><td><h6>Awera is a Lakes Plain language of Irian Jaya, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>timeli (timali)</td><td>Yimas</td><td><h6>The Yimas language is spoken by the Yimas people of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>toparu</td><td>Lewo Nuvi</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tote</td><td>Kuri</td><td><h6>Papua, Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>todow</td><td>Dusun Tempasuk</td><td><h6>at nothern area of the Borneo island (Malaysia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>toau</td><td>Mokilese</td><td><h6>Mokilese also known as Mwoakilloan, Mwokilese, or Mwoakilese is a Micronesian language originally spoken on Mwoakilloa, Federated States of Micronesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tʃisi</td><td>Menda (?)</td><td><h6>India, Orissa state. The native language of Menda (the name of the village) is Oriya and most of the village people speak Oriya. Menda people use Oriya language for communication.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tsital</td><td>Amis (Kiwit)</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cidal</td><td>Amis (Ami)</td><td><h6>Amis is the Formosan language of the Amis (or Ami), an indigenous tribal people living along the east coast of Taiwan (see Taiwanese aborigines).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ci8al; rumiXa8</td><td>Fataan Amis</td><td><h6> Taiwan island (Southeastern Asia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>TiLal (ta7NaL)</td><td>Farang Amis</td><td><h6>Taiwan island (Southeastern Asia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>udEama</td><td>Yarawata</td><td><h6>Yarawata is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uEnau</td><td>Tunjung</td><td><h6>Tunjung, or Tunjung Dayak, is an Austronesian language of Borneo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ul</td><td>Damal</td><td><h6>Indonesia, Papua</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ulo</td><td>Ama</td><td><h6>North-West Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ulEN</td><td>Yangulam</td><td><h6>Yangulam is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uNguru</td><td>Mer</td><td><h6>Papua, Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uru</td><td>Kafoa</td><td><h6>Kafoa, or Jafoo, is a Papuan language of Alor Island in the Alor archipelago of Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uruas</td><td>Kambram</td><td><h6>Papua Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uwas</td><td>Lamma-Kalondama</td><td><h6>A language of Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uyem</td><td>Medebur</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>olimu</td><td>Maklew</td><td><h6>Bulaka River; Bulaka River; Papua Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>v3ir; w3y</td><td>Duvle</td><td><h6>Duvle (Sikwari) is a Lakes Plain language of Irian Jaya, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vavana</td><td>Yoba</td><td><h6>Yoba is an extinct Austronesian language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>v3vana</td><td>Bina</td><td><h6>a Papuan language of the Bird's Head Peninsula of New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vea</td><td>Managalasi</td><td><h6>Ese Managalasi is a language of Oro Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wagi</td><td>Atayal</td><td><h6>Taiwan island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wakh~</td><td>Yamap</td><td><h6>Yamap is an Oceanic language in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wapao</td><td>Barapasi</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>warah3</td><td>Urubu Kaapor</td><td><h6>a Tupi-Guarani language spoken by the Ka'apor people of French Guiana and Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>warget</td><td>Tewa Lebang</td><td><h6>(Teiwa) Eastern Indonesia. Pantar island.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uwargEt</td><td>Tewa Madar</td><td><h6>Eastern Indonesia. Pantar island. </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wat</td><td>Kamang Pido Ii</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wat</td><td>Kamang Pido</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wat; wati</td><td>Kamang</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wati; vatave</td><td>Afoa</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wati</td><td>Kamang Letley</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wazo</td><td>Malalamai</td><td><h6>Malalamai, or Bonga (after the two villages in which it is spoken), is an Austronesian languages of Madang Province.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wElE</td><td>Kesawai</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>weri</td><td>Nedebang</td><td><h6>Nedebang is a Papuan language spoken in the villages of Balungada and Baulang in the eastern district of Pantar island in the Alor archipelago of Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>weti</td><td>Tanahmerah</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>widi</td><td>Kolana</td><td><h6>The Wersing language, also known as Kolana after its primary dialect, is spoken in scattered settlements around the coast of Alor in Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>widi</td><td>Wersing</td><td><h6>The Wersing language, also known as Kolana after its primary dialect, is spoken in scattered settlements around the coast of Alor in Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Xaia</td><td>Lote</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea, the New Britain island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xat</td><td>Fa Tieta</td><td><h6>Grande Terre (the island between Vanuatu and Australia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xi3</td><td>Hiw</td><td><h6>Hiw (sometimes spelled Hiu) is an Oceanic language spoken on the island of Hiw, in the Torres Islands of Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yimap</td><td>Towei</td><td><h6>Towei is a Pauwasi language of West New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zoN</td><td>Mbula Papua New Guinea</td><td><h6>Mbula (also known as Mangap-Mbula, Mangaaba, Mangaawa, Mangaava, Kaimanga) is an Austronesian language spoken by around 2,500 people on Umboi Island and Sakar Island in the Morobe Province of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>maiya</td><td>Fasu </td><td><h6>Fasu; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ikona</td><td>Gadsup</td><td><h6>Eastern Highlands; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kalam</td><td>Garus</td><td><h6>Madang; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mapa</td><td>Hamtai</td><td><h6>Angan; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mapa</td><td>Kapau</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>m3ptq3; mapa; mapatəqa</td><td>Menye (Menya)</td><td><h6>Menya (Menyama, Menye) is an Angan language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pub</td><td>Kalam</td><td><h6>Madang; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dzoan</td><td>Kate</td><td><h6>Finisterre-Huon; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dzian</td><td>Kate (Wamora Dialect)</td><td><h6>Finisterre-Huon; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dziaŋ</td><td>Magobineng</td><td><h6>Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>'sinda; pub</td><td>Kobon</td><td><h6>Madang; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sinda</td><td>Biyom</td><td><h6>Biyom is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>to:s</td><td>Korowai</td><td><h6>Awju-Dumut; Trans-New Guinea; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>neta</td><td>Kyaka</td><td><h6>Engan; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tende</td><td>Mairasi</td><td><h6>Mairasi-Tanahmerah; Trans-New Guinea; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tende</td><td>Semimi</td><td><h6>Semimi, or Etna Bay, is a Papuan language spoken in Papua province of Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ataan</td><td>Telefol</td><td><h6>Ok; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>atan</td><td>Tifal</td><td><h6>Ok; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tan</td><td>Mian</td><td><h6>Ok; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>emondani</td><td>Moni</td><td><h6>Wissel Lakes-Kemandoga; Trans-New Guinea; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kasuk; kasup</td><td>Nabak</td><td><h6>Finisterre-Huon; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gaat</td><td>Nankina</td><td><h6>Finisterre-Huon; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>madza|'-e</td><td>Omie</td><td><h6>Koiarian; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kae; kai</td><td>Komutu</td><td><h6>Nukna, or Komutu, is one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kai</td><td>Nukna</td><td><h6>Nukna, or Komutu, is one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kaiwe</td><td>Ono</td><td><h6>Finisterre-Huon; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kaiwe</td><td>Kube</td><td><h6>Kube, also Mongi, is a Papuan language spoken in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kaiwe</td><td>Tobo</td><td><h6>Kube (Hube) and Tobo, also Mongi, are a Papuan language spoken in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kh~ikh~a</td><td>Doso</td><td><h6>Doso is a language of New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ki</td><td>Suroi</td><td><h6>Siroi (Suroi) is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>okisa</td><td>Rawa</td><td><h6>Finisterre-Huon; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kauri</td><td>Tairora</td><td><h6>Eastern Highlands; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dewuta</td><td>Selepet</td><td><h6>Finisterre-Huon; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>waiko</td><td>Suena</td><td><h6>Binanderean; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sat</td><td>Wambon</td><td><h6>Awju-Dumut; Trans-New Guinea; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hein, heng</td><td>Yale (Kosarek)</td><td><h6>Mek; Trans-New Guinea; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nyila</td><td>Baruya</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>maiya; sere maiya </td><td>Fasu Namo Me </td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>EsE</td><td>Poko Rawo</td><td><h6>a language of Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Esi</td><td>Dumpu</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eso</td><td>Biami</td><td><h6>(Piame; Beami; Bedamini) Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ete</td><td>Guhu Samane (Guhu-Samane)</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eho</td><td>Kibiri</td><td><h6>Kibiri (Rumuhei, Rumu, Dumu, Kairi, Tumu, Rumuwa) a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ta</td><td>Mende </td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ta*</td><td>Dumo</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea (Northern part of the island)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ta*</td><td>Dusur</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea (Northern part of the island)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ta*</td><td>Leitre</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ta; tai</td><td>Opo</td><td><h6>? Opao (?) is a Trans-New Guinea language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ta</td><td>Kwanga</td><td><h6>Kwanga (Gawanga) is a Sepik language spoken in Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>atan_a</td><td>Oksapmin </td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>katane</td><td>Marind</td><td><h6>Marind is a Papuan language spoken in Malind District, Merauke Regency, Indonesia by over ten thousand people</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>katane</td><td>Gawir</td><td><h6>dialect of Marind (South New Guinea)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>keta:ne</td><td>Bian Marind</td><td><h6>Marind Proper; Marind; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kalas</td><td>Muyuw </td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea (Oceanic; Austronesian; Australia and Oceania)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kaakanooka (sunrise) </td><td>Waffa</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zge</td><td>Kamano-Kafe</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands; Trans-New Guinea; Australia and Oceania)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kae</td><td>Mengen </td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pisar</td><td>Nehan </td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea (Oceanic; Austronesian; Australia and Oceania)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>okomba (sun or sunlight)</td><td>Walsa (Waris)</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea (Border; Border; Australia and Oceania, Asia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>okomba</td><td>Waina</td><td><h6>a Papuan language of Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea. There are three divergent varieties of Sowanda language: Waina, Punda and Umeda, which may be distinct languages.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ok; u</td><td>Nakwi</td><td><h6>Spoken in Papua New Guinea Region East Sepik Province</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ok; u</td><td>Nimo Nakwi</td><td><h6>Nimo (Nimo-Wasawai) is a Left May language of New Guinea, in Sandaun Province. Nimo and Wasawai are two of the villages inhabited by speakers of this language. It is close to Nakwi.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gunzit</td><td>Wantoat</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea (Finisterre-Huon; Trans-New Guinea; Australia and Oceania)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dori</td><td>Kaiy</td><td><h6>Papua Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dera</td><td>Keo</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dare</td><td>Maipua</td><td><h6>Papua N. Guinee (*)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dari</td><td>Tagota</td><td><h6>A dialect of the Meriam language, the language of the people of the small islands of Mer (Murray Island), Waier and Dauar, Erub (Darnley Island), and Ugar (Stephens Island) in the eastern Torres Strait, Queensland, Australia; the only Papuan language on Australian territory</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dare; lare</td><td>Purari</td><td><h6>Purari is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. It is also known as Koriki, Evorra, I'ai, Maipua and Namau.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dari:k</td><td>Makayam-Giribam</td><td><h6>a language of Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dari</td><td>Makayam-Pisirami-Tagota</td><td><h6>a language of Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>darik; kareme</td><td>Makayam</td><td><h6>a language of Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kareme</td><td>Gogodala Gogodara</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alumta; aru:nta; kareme</td><td>Tirio</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alemu; alim</td><td>Yelmek</td><td><h6>Yelmek, also known as Jelmek, Jelmik or Jab, is a language of the proposed Trans-Fly - Bulaka River family in West Papua.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>allunga; arlunya</td><td>Arrernte</td><td><h6>one of the languages of Australian aborigines</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alinga</td><td>???</td><td><h6>one of the languages of Australian aborigines (*)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alenNe; xirka</td><td>Arrernte, Eastern</td><td><h6>(Mparntwe) Pama-Nyungan; Australian; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alim</td><td>Jabsch</td><td><h6>Papua (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alim</td><td>Yelmek Jab</td><td><h6>Yelmek, also known as Jelmek, Jelmik or Jab, is a language of the proposed Trans-Fly - Bulaka River family in West Papua.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>daβinio</td><td>Askopan</td><td><h6>Askopan (or Eivo) is an East Papuan language of Bougainville, an island to the east of New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>da</td><td>Motuna</td><td><h6>Solomon Islands (Pasific ocean)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dabwela</td><td>Bwanabwana</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea, island in Luisiada arhipelag</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dag</td><td>Mutu</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dame</td><td>Wolani</td><td><h6>Wolani (Wodani) is a Papuan language spoken by about 5,000 people in the Paniai lakes region of the Indonesian province of Papua.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dEN</td><td>Songum</td><td><h6>Sam, or Songum, is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dEvidEo</td><td>Rotokas</td><td><h6>Rotokas is a North Bougainville language spoken by about 4,320 people on the island of Bougainville, an island located to the east of New Guinea which is part of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dewe; dewi wesiwo</td><td>Moi</td><td><h6>Moi (Mekwei) is a Papuan language of the Bird's Head Peninsula of New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>diamata</td><td>Larike Wakasihu</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dian</td><td>Yangum Dey</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dina</td><td>Motu</td><td><h6>Motu (sometimes called Pure Motu or True Motu to distinguish it from Hiri Motu) is one of many Central Papuan Tip languages and is spoken by the Motuans, native inhabitants of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dinya</td><td>Berinomo (Bitara) Bayamo</td><td><h6>Bitara, or Berinomo, is a Sepik language spoken in East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>faniya; tiniya</td><td>Berinomo (Bitara) Kakiru</td><td><h6>East Sepik province, Papua-New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tiniya</td><td>Bahinemo</td><td><h6>Sepik Hill; Sepik; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>diyo</td><td>Nai</td><td><h6>Kwomtari; Kwomtari-Baibai; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>doŋke</td><td>Koromira</td><td><h6>Koromira is an East Papuan language spoken in the mountains of Southern Bougainville Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kəsu (k3su)</td><td>Mesem</td><td><h6>Mesem is a Papuan language spoken in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hal</td><td>Galu</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>halat</td><td>Lisela</td><td><h6>Indonesia, Buru island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>k<sup>h</sup>ado</td><td>Bitur</td><td><h6>Bitur is Papuan language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>k3lo (g3lo)</td><td>Rao</td><td><h6>Rao is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea. In older literature it was called Annaberg.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>3lo</td><td>Sangir 2</td><td><h6>Sulawesi</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>k3towEq</td><td>Ofaye</td><td><h6>(Ofaie-Xavante, Ofaye, Ofaye-Xavante, Opaie-Shavante, Opaye) - Extinct language of south americans in Central Brezil</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kaŋe; koŋko</td><td>Kanum</td><td><h6>New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kaə</td><td>Pano-Mur</td><td><h6>Mur Pano, or simply Pano, is an Austronesian language spoken by about three quarters of the thousand inhabitants of Mur village on the North coast of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kadi</td><td>Kuruaya</td><td><h6>Kuruaya is a nearly extinct Tupian language in the Amazon region of Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kaiya</td><td>Kimki</td><td><h6>Papua (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kaizap</td><td>Roinji</td><td><h6>Roinji is a minor Austronesian languages of Northern Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kamgu; ki sari</td><td>Suki</td><td><h6>Suki is a language spoken by about 3500 people several miles inland along the Fly River in southwestern Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>karahi</td><td>Arawete</td><td><h6>Arawete is a Tupi-Guaran? language of the state of Amazonas, in the Amazon region of Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>karahi</td><td>Paranawat</td><td><h6>Brazil (near Bolivian border)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kari</td><td>Sio</td><td><h6>Sio is an Austronesian language spoken by about 3,500 people on the North coast of the Huon Peninsula in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kauwana</td><td>Bwaidoka</td><td><h6>Bwaidoka is an Austronesian language spoken in Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kauwana</td><td>Iduna </td><td><h6>Iduna is an Austronesian language spoken on Goodenough Island of Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea. </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kamu</td><td>Malas</td><td><h6>Malas is a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kam; ɓɔn</td><td>Abun</td><td><h6>Abun, also known as Yimbun, A Nden, Manif, or Karon, is a West Papuan language of New Guinea. It is primarily spoken in the Abun village, located in the Sandaun Province.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kam</td><td>Bunabun</td><td><h6>Brem (Barem), also known as Bunabun, is a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kam</td><td>Karon Pantai</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea (Northern-western part of the island)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kɔmi</td><td>Irumu</td><td><h6>Tuma, or (Upper) Irumu, is of one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kɔmi</td><td>Tuma-Irumu</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kʌme</td><td>Guriaso</td><td><h6>a language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kawa</td><td>Kuni-Boazi-3</td><td><h6>a Papuan language spoken in Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kawe</td><td>Kuni-Boazi-Konmak</td><td><h6>a Papuan language spoken in Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kaya7kalo</td><td>Milki Murkim</td><td><h6>Papua, Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kayakalo</td><td>Mot Murkim</td><td><h6>Papua, Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kebu</td><td>Amgotro</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kEgin</td><td>Dimir</td><td><h6>Dimir, also known as Bosiken (Boskien) and Gavak, is a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>keigji</td><td>Papasena</td><td><h6>Papasena is a Lakes Plain language of Irian Jaya, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kamimi; tamini</td><td>Mbaham (Baham)</td><td><h6>West Bomberai; Papua, Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kimina; nama</td><td>Iha</td><td><h6>Iha (Kapaur) is a Papuan language spoken on the tip of the Bomberai Peninsula.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kEndiy3v</td><td>Wanap</td><td><h6>Wanap or Kayik is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kepli</td><td>Seta</td><td><h6>Seta is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Epli</td><td>Olo Eretei</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Epli</td><td>Olo Lumi</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Epli</td><td>Olo Yebil</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kesare-kop</td><td>Dorro</td><td><h6>Dorro (also known as Namo or Mari). Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>keu</td><td>Barim</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>keu</td><td>Pano-Singorokai</td><td><h6>dialect of Pano (an Austronesian language)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kEwom</td><td>Taikat</td><td><h6>Taikat (Tajkat) or Arso is a Papuan language of Indonesian Papua.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kh~e</td><td>Yabong</td><td><h6>Yabong is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kh~el</td><td>Kolom</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kita; stamari</td><td>Kunimaipa</td><td><h6>Kunimaipa is a Papuan language of New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kiy</td><td>Waritai</td><td><h6>Waritai is a Lakes Plain language of Irian Jaya, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kiyik</td><td>Maranunggu</td><td><h6>the language of the tribe in the North of Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kof3ni</td><td>Seti</td><td><h6>Seti is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kolkh~a</td><td>Sulka</td><td><h6>Sulka is a possible language isolate scattered across the eastern end of New Britain island, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>koNko</td><td>Kanum Ngkalmpw</td><td><h6>Papua (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kori</td><td>Doutai</td><td><h6>New Guinea (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kosa</td><td>Iyo</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kowa; ewaka</td><td>Yareba</td><td><h6>Yareba, or Middle Musa, is a language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>koya</td><td>Begua</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>koye</td><td>Zimakani</td><td><h6>Zimakani is a Papuan language spoken in Papua New Guinea by approximately 1500 people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kui</td><td>Lavukaleve</td><td><h6>Solomon Islands</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kulaq</td><td>Panasuan</td><td><h6>Panasuan is a small Austronesian language of Sulawesi, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kuli</td><td>Savosavo</td><td><h6>The Savosavo language is an endangered language spoken on Savo, a small volcanic island North of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kum; tari</td><td>Maiwa-Galeva-Kwateva-Pue</td><td><h6>a Papuan language of New Guinea (the United Provinces of Galeva)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tari</td><td>Maiwa</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kum</td><td>Maiwa-Manaeo</td><td><h6>Maiwa is a Papuan language of New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kum</td><td>Moraori</td><td><h6>Moraori (Marori, Moaraeri, Morori, Morari) is a Trans-New Guinea language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kumoN (kumoŋ)</td><td>Jilim</td><td><h6>Jilim is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kumoN</td><td>Rerau</td><td><h6>Rerau is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kuri</td><td>Rasawa</td><td><h6>Rasawa is a Papuan language of Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kwi; te; tei </td><td>Aekyom </td><td><h6>Awin-Pare; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kwipli</td><td>Yau</td><td><h6>Yau, also called Uruwa, is one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kwer</td><td>Kwesten</td><td><h6>Papua, Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kw3nja; nilya</td><td>Simbari</td><td><h6>Simbari or Chimbari, is an Angan language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kwapli</td><td>Yis</td><td><h6>Yis is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tum</td><td>Andai</td><td><h6>Spoken in Papua New Guinea Region East Sepik Province. 400 Native speakers (2005)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tum</td><td>Nanubae Imameri</td><td><h6>Nanubae (Kapagmai, Aunda) is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tum</td><td>Tapei Angarat</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>t<sup>h</sup>єm</td><td>Tapei-Arafundi</td><td><h6>The Arafundi languages are a small family of clearly related languages, namely: Andai (Meakambut), Nanubae, and Tapei. Alfendio is an old synonym for Arafundi, from when it was still considered a single language. (Papua New Guinea)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kyum, tum</td><td>Tapei-Auvim</td><td><h6>Tapei is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea. It is close to Nanubae; the name Alfendio was once used for both.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dum, tum</td><td>Nanubae</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>du</td><td>Krisa</td><td><h6>(alt. name - Isaka) is the language spoken by the people of the villages of Krisa and Pasi in Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dua7</td><td>Nasioi</td><td><h6>Naasioi (also Nasioi, Kieta, Kieta Talk, Aunge) is an East Papuan language spoken in the central mountains and southeast coast of Kieta District, Bougainville Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ba; va; vaeh</td><td>Biwat</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea, East Sepik.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ci (ch~i)</td><td>Danau</td><td><h6>Danau (Danaw) is a Mon–Khmer language of Myanmar (Burma).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ci</td><td>Konda</td><td><h6>Papua, Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bugua'</td><td>Yaros</td><td><h6>Madang Province, Papua New Guinea, 2200 speakers.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gubu7</td><td>Adzera</td><td><h6>Adzera (also spelled Atzera, Azera, Atsera, Acira) is an Austronesian language spoken by about 30,000 people in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gubua7</td><td>Wampur</td><td><h6>Wampur is a minor Austronesian language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gubuak</td><td>Sukurum</td><td><h6>Austronesian languages of the Morobe district, Papua.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>koli7i</td><td>Tona</td><td><h6>Taiwan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>koli7i</td><td>Tona Rukai</td><td><h6>Rukai is a Formosan language spoken by the Rukai people in Taiwan. The Rukai language comprises six dialects, which are Budai, Labuan, Maga, Mantauran, Tanan and Tona.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>koli7i</td><td>Mantauran</td><td><h6>Taiwan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>koli7i</td><td>Mantauran Rukai</td><td><h6>Taiwan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lizax</td><td>Pazeh</td><td><h6>Pazeh (Pazih) is the language of the Pazeh, a tribe of indigenous people on Taiwan (see Taiwanese ... It is a Formosan language of the Austronesian languages language family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hiuk</td><td>Teressa</td><td><h6>Teressa, or Taih-Long, is one of the Nicobarese languages spoken on the Nicobar Islands in India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sils</td><td>Palauan</td><td><h6>Palauan language — major language of Palau, in the western Pacific Ocean.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ial</td><td>Mortlockese</td><td><h6>Micronesia (Pasific ocean)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>waxi7</td><td>Skikun Atayal</td><td><h6>central and Northern Taiwan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hEhilaL</td><td>Taai Saisiyat</td><td><h6>Saisiyat is the language of the Saisiyat, a Taiwanese indigenous people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vali</td><td>Takbanuaz Bunun</td><td><h6>spoken by the Bunun people of Taiwan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vali</td><td>Bunun</td><td><h6>is spoken by the Bunun people of Taiwan. It is one of the Formosan languages, a geographic group of Austronesian languages</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vali</td><td>Bunun</td><td><h6>Taiwan, Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vali</td><td>Isbukun</td><td><h6>Southern Taiwan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vali</td><td>Takebakha</td><td><h6>a language of Taiwan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vali</td><td>Takbanuad</td><td><h6>a language of Taiwan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vai</td><td>Budai Rukai</td><td><h6>the South of the island of Taiwan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vaLi7 (vali)</td><td>Iskubun</td><td><h6>a language of Taiwan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kE8Ew</td><td>Lower Pinlang Puyuma</td><td><h6>the Taiwan island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>txi ya* </td><td>Gurung</td><td><h6>Bodic; Sino-Tibetan; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oute</td><td>Aka-Bo (Bo)</td><td><h6>Bo (Aka-Bo) language at the island in the Bay of Bengal (India)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bodo; diu</td><td>Great Andamanese</td><td><h6>Andaman island (India), Bengal Bay</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bodo</td><td>South Andaman</td><td><h6>Indian Ocean</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bodo</td><td>A-Pucikwar or Pucikwar</td><td><h6>Central Great Andamanese extinct language (Indo-Pasific language group); Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bodo</td><td>Aka-Jeru or Jeru</td><td><h6>Northern Great Andamanese extinct language (Indo-Pasific language group). 36 speakers in 1997, bilingual in Hindi</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bodo</td><td>Akar-Bale or Bale </td><td><h6>Southern Great Andamanese extinct language (Indo-Pasific language group)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bodo</td><td>Aka-Bea</td><td><h6>(Aka-Bea, Bea, Beada, Biada, Aka-Beada, Bojigniji, Bogijiab, Bojigyab). The Bea language, Aka-Bea, is an extinct Great Andamanese language of the Southern group. It was spoken around the western Andaman Strait and around the Northern and western coast of South Andaman.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>podd</td><td>Abujhmaria</td><td><h6>dialect name of Maria language (India)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>podd</td><td>Koya</td><td><h6>Koya language is a dialect of Gondi language which is spoken in Adilabad district in Andhra Pradesh and in Gondwana region of Central India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pord</td><td>Hill Maria Gondi</td><td><h6>the Abujhmar mountains in India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pord</td><td>North Bastar Gondi</td><td><h6>India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pord</td><td>Adilabad Gondi</td><td><h6>India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pord; podd</td><td>Southern Gondi</td><td><h6>Gondi is a South-Central Dravidian language, spoken by about two million Gond people, chiefly in the states of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Telangana, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh (India)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pord</td><td>South Bastar Gondi</td><td><h6>South-Central Dravidian; Dravidian; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>podd</td><td>Dorli Gondi</td><td><h6>India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pod</td><td>Kolami</td><td><h6>Kolami (Northwestern Kolami) is a tribal Central Dravidian language used in Telangana State previously part of Andhra Pradesh state and Maharashtra state of India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>po83</td><td>Betta Kurumba</td><td><h6>the language of Southern India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>podudu</td><td>Southeastern Gondi</td><td><h6>Dravidian; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>portu (potu, poltu)</td><td>Tulu</td><td><h6>Tulu is a Dravidian language spoken by around 2 million native speakers mainly in the south west part of the Indian state of Karnataka</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kor; koro</td><td>Bale</td><td><h6>Akar-Bale or Bale is an extinct Central Great Andamanese language once spoken in the Andaman Islands.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bero</td><td>Kharia</td><td><h6>The Kharia language is an Austro-Asiatic language that is primarily spoken by indigenous Kharia people of eastern India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>beriya</td><td>Chitwan</td><td><h6>Nepal</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>beru</td><td>Sauria Paharia</td><td><h6>The Sauria Paharia people are a tribal people of West Bengal, Bihar and Jharkhand in India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bera</td><td>Kharia Thar</td><td><h6>India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ber</td><td>Korwa</td><td><h6>India, the Chhattisgarh state</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bar; ber</td><td>Kui Indonesia</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bi:ri:**</td><td>Kurukh</td><td><h6>Kurukh Language is an Indian tribal language that is spoken in several states of India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bidi</td><td>Kurux Nepali (Kurukh)</td><td><h6>India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bi</td><td>Jiulong Pumi</td><td><h6>China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gama</td><td>Kuvi</td><td><h6>Kuvi language (the other names for Kuvi are Kuwi, Kuvinga, Kuvi Kond, Kond, Khondi, Khondh, and Jatapu) is native to India and is a Dravidian language spoken by the Khonds.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gama</td><td>Danuwar</td><td><h6>Nepal</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gama</td><td>Darai</td><td><h6>India</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gam </td><td>Nepali</td><td><h6>Nepal, India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gam</td><td>Nawar Zutt</td><td><h6>Palestina (Middle East)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yiwowa</td><td>Libo</td><td><h6>Libo or Palibo language, a Tibetan–Burman language of India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>maarta.nDa; suurya</td><td>MaraaThii</td><td><h6>Marathi is the language spoken in Maharashtra, India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gunaru</td><td>Mara</td><td><h6>Mara is a language spoken by Mara people living in 60 villages of Chhimtuipui district, Southern Mizoram, India and the adjacent people living in Burma.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wɔhɔʔ</td><td>Naga</td><td><h6>the Naga people are an ethnic group conglomerating of several tribes native to the North Eastern part of India and North-western Myanmar (Burma).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nu mit</td><td>Meitei-lon</td><td><h6>Indian states of Assam and Tripura, and in Bangladesh and Burma (now Myanmar).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nu mit</td><td>Meitei</td><td><h6>India, the Sagaing state (Nothern-eastern India)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nu</td><td>Phetchabun Hmong</td><td><h6>Thailand</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nu</td><td>Tak Hmong</td><td><h6>Laos, Thailand</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>imiri</td><td>Limilngan</td><td><h6>Limilngan (Limil) is an extinct indigenous language in the North of Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>miri</td><td>Nangikurrunggurr</td><td><h6>Official Language of the Ngan'gikurunggurr People (Tribe), Communities and/or outstations of Nauiyu, Peppimenarti, Wudigapildhiyerr, Nganambala, Merrepen, etc., Northern Territory, Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>miri</td><td>Mullukmulluk </td><td><h6>The Northern Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>miri</td><td>Gooniyandi</td><td><h6>Bunuban; Australian; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>miri</td><td>Wathawurung</td><td><h6>An Australian Aboriginal language of the Pama-Nyungan family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>miri</td><td>Ngangikurrunggurr</td><td><h6>Ngan'gikurunggurr is spoken by about 150 people in the region around the Daly River (Australia))</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>miri</td><td>Wathawurrung</td><td><h6>Wathawurrung (Wathaurong, Wada wurrung) is the extinct Indigenous Australian language spoken by the Wathaurong people of the Kulin Nation of Central Victoria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>miri</td><td>Ngengomeri</td><td><h6>Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>miru</td><td>Tyaraity</td><td><h6>The Northern Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>muruN; maraNi; miri</td><td>Wunambal</td><td><h6>Wunambal, or Northern Worrorran, is a moribund Australian Aboriginal language of Western Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>meraNi (maraNi)</td><td>Ngarinyin</td><td><h6>The Ngarinyin language (Ungarinjin), or Eastern Worrorran, is a moribund Australian Aboriginal language of Western Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>muri</td><td>Margu</td><td><h6>Marrgu (Marrku) is a recently extinct aboriginal language of Northern Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>muri (mura); duru</td><td>Gunggari (Kunggari)</td><td><h6>(a.k.a.: Birria, Bidia, Kulumali, and Kungadutji) southern Queensland, Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>duru</td><td>Margany</td><td><h6>the language of the tribe in central region of Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>puril</td><td>Mayaguduna</td><td><h6>in the North of Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>turi</td><td>Muruwari</td><td><h6>in the East of Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dhuni; yaay</td><td>Yuwaaliyaay</td><td><h6>Australian Aboriginal people of New South Wales.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>duni; yay</td><td>Yuwalraay</td><td><h6>Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yay</td><td>Niksek-Paka-Setiali</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yay</td><td>Paka</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mirosiN</td><td>Komba</td><td><h6>a Papuan language spoken in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mir; mire</td><td>Yey</td><td><h6>Yey (Yei, Jei, Je, Yei-Nan) is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>arni</td><td>Karbi</td><td><h6>The Karbi language, also known as Mikir or Arleng, is spoken by the Karbi people of the Assam state (East of India).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>arni; arni atur; samphri; samphri atur</td><td>Amri Karbi </td><td><h6>Amri, or Amri Karbi, is spoken by the Karbi people of Assam and Meghalaya (India).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ar3 ni</td><td>Naga Pochuri</td><td><h6>Northeastern India.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yang hroi</td><td>Jarai</td><td><h6>The Jarai language is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken by the Jarai ethnic group of Vietnam and Cambodia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yaN hrue</td><td>Rade</td><td><h6>Rade is a Malayo-Polynesian language of Southern Vietnam.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>t3Ne7; t3Ni; th~3Ni; hni</td><td>Pear</td><td><h6>Pear is a moribund Mon-Khmer language of Cambodia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tNi Xo3h</td><td>Saoch</td><td><h6>Sa'och is an endangered, nearly extinct Pearic language of Cambodia and Thailand.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hNu3; tney</td><td>Old Mon</td><td><h6>Myanmar and Thailand (in medieval Myanmar society.)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ta53n; rit</td><td>Saek</td><td><h6>Saek is a Tai language spoken in at least ten villages in Khammouane Province, Laos, and at least four villages in Nakhon Phanom Province in Northeastern Thailand.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>th~Nay</td><td>Surin</td><td><h6>A dialect of the Northern Khmer language spoken in the Surin Province of Thailand</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tNay</td><td>Mon</td><td><h6>southeastern Burma and western Thailand</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>preahatit; tnay</td><td>Khmer</td><td><h6>Official language of Cambodia. Also spoken in Vietnam.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eza (*); thngai (tnay)</td><td>Khmer</td><td><h6>Khmer, or Cambodian, is the official language of Cambodia, where it is spoken by about 12 million people. There are also 2.5 million speakers abroad, mainly in Vietnam and Thailand. Khmer belongs to the Mon-Khmer group of the Austro-Asiatic family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>san</td><td>Bislama </td><td><h6>Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sani</td><td>Samre</td><td><h6>Samre is a nearly extinct Pearic language of Thailand and, formerly, Cambodia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sani</td><td>Yarik</td><td><h6>New Guinea, Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ani</td><td>Kakara Buna</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>anal</td><td>Katbol Timbembe</td><td><h6>Vanuatu island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>anʌ:za</td><td>Kare</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>anʌlε (an3lE)</td><td>Munit</td><td><h6>Munit is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>an</td><td>Nyindrou</td><td><h6>The Nyindrou language is a West Manus language spoken by approximately 4200 people in the westernmost part of Manus Island, Manus Province of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ant; ena</td><td>Medlpa</td><td><h6>Melpa (also written Medlpa) is a Papuan language spoken by about 130,000 people predominantly in Mount Hagen and the surrounding district of Western Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>enal</td><td>Katbol</td><td><h6>Vanuatu island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>EnE7; eneʔ</td><td>Kosadle</td><td><h6>Kosadle (Kosare) is an unclassified Papuan language of West Papua.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>d'al</td><td>Tampuan</td><td><h6>Tampuan is the language of Tampuan people indigenous to the mountainous regions of Ratanakiri Province in Cambodia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hiN</td><td>Todrah</td><td><h6>Todrah is an Austroasiatic language of Vietnam.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hiŋ; isiŋ</td><td>Korupun-Sela-IPA</td><td><h6>the dialect of the Korupun (Korapun) language. The Papuan language of West Papua.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hiN</td><td>Nalca</td><td><h6>Nalca (Naltya, Naltje) is a Papuan language of Papua (province) Indonesia. Alternative names are Hmanggona, Hmonono, Kimjal (Kimyal).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hin</td><td>Yali Pass Valley</td><td><h6>Yali (Yaly, Jale, Jaly) is a Papuan language of Indonesian New Guinea. The Yali people live east of the Baliem Valley, in the Western Highlands. Dialectical differentiation is great enough that Ethnologue assigns separate codes to three varieties: Pass Valley, also known as Abendago, North Ngalik, and Western Yali; subdialects are Pass Valley, Landikma, Apahapsili.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hing</td><td>West Sela</td><td><h6>THe dialect of Korupun (a Papuan language of West Papua).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hivio</td><td>Morigi</td><td><h6>Morigi is a Papuan language of Southern Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hivio</td><td>Urama</td><td><h6> Dialect of Kiwai language. Southern Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>himio; ivio</td><td>Arigibi</td><td><h6>Arigibi (Kiwai) is a Papuan language, or languages, of Southern Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hibio</td><td>Gibaio</td><td><h6>Alternate name: Kiwai. Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>agew, banua</td><td>Pangasinan language </td><td><h6>Pangasinan, one of the Philippines languages of Austronesian language group, spoken in Pangasinan province.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>leso</td><td>Manggarai</td><td><h6>Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>leza</td><td>Ngadha</td><td><h6>Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lero</td><td>Sika</td><td><h6>Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>loyo</td><td>Kedang</td><td><h6>Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lodo</td><td>Hawu</td><td><h6>Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lodo</td><td>Dhao</td><td><h6>Timor islands (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ledo</td><td>Rotinese</td><td><h6>Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ledo</td><td>Bilba</td><td><h6>Bilba (Belubaa) is a Central Malayo-Polynesian language of Roti Island, off Timor, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>liro</td><td>Bimanese</td><td><h6>Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ellew</td><td>Yakan</td><td><h6>Philippines.(Sama-Bajaw; Austronesian; Asia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alongan</td><td>Maranao</td><td><h6>Spoken in the Provinces of Lanao del Norte and Lanao del Sur, Philippines.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>saldan</td><td>Bicol (Bikol)</td><td><h6>Philippine language spoken mostly in the Bicol Peninsula in the island of Luzon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>qadaw</td><td>Paiwan</td><td><h6>Austronesian language family, Taiwan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>qardaw</td><td>Pandan</td><td><h6>Philippines</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>qanriw</td><td>Oas</td><td><h6>Philippines</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>qaldiw</td><td>Iriga (Agta)</td><td><h6>Southern Philippines (Luzon, Bicol region, Camarines Sur Province, east of Iriga city, west of Lake Buhi).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>adlaw</td><td>Kagayanen</td><td><h6>The Kagayanen language is spoken in the province of Palawan in the Philippines.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>adlaw</td><td>Kinaray-A</td><td><h6>Kinaray-a is an Austronesian language spoken mainly in Antique Province in the Philippines.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>adlaw</td><td>Waray</td><td><h6>Regional language in the Philippines. 2.6 million speakers. Self-name: Winaray.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>adlaw</td><td>Cebuano</td><td><h6>Spoken on the Islands Cebu, Bohol, Negros Oriental, western parts of Leyte, some parts of Samar, Negros Occidental, Palawan, Biliran, Masbate, Mindanao, etc., Philippines. Over 16 million speakers.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>adlaw</td><td>Hiligaynon</td><td><h6>Spoken on the Islands of Iloilo Provinces, Negros Occidental Province; Panay Island Group, Mindanao, etc., Philippines.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>adlaw</td><td>Aklanon</td><td><h6>Philippines</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>adlaw</td><td>Waray Waray</td><td><h6>Philippines, Eastern Visayas</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ado; odo</td><td>Bariai</td><td><h6>the Northwestern coast of the Island of New Britain in the West New Britain Province of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ado; ando</td><td>Anem </td><td><h6>The Anem language is a language isolate spoken in five main villages along the Northwestern coast of New Britain island, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>adaN</td><td>Ulau</td><td><h6>Ulau-Suain is an Austronesian language of coastal Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ane</td><td>Buna</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ande</td><td>Chimbu</td><td><h6>Kuman (also Chimbu or Simbu) is a language of Chimbu Province, Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>and~3ra</td><td>Wadaginam</td><td><h6>Wadaginam is a divergent Madang language of the Adelbert Range of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>andew</td><td>Western Bukidnon Manobo</td><td><h6>Southern Bukidnon Province, the Philippines.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ad</td><td>Gedaged</td><td><h6>Gedaged is an Austronesian language spoken by about 7000 people in coastal villages and on islands in Astrolabe Bay, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ad</td><td>Takia</td><td><h6>Takia is an Austronesian language spoken on Karkar Island, Bagabag Island, and coastal villages Megiar and Serang, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>amwo</td><td>Wiaki</td><td><h6>Wiaki, a.k.a. Minidien, is a nearly extinct Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>qaldaw</td><td>Libon</td><td><h6>Philippines</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>qadlaw</td><td>Masbatenyo</td><td><h6>Masbateno or Minasbate is a Bicol-Visayan language spoken by more than 600,000 people, primarily in the province of Masbate in the Philippines.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>qadlaw</td><td>Northern Sorsogon</td><td><h6>the Philippines</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>qadlaw</td><td>Southern Sorsogon</td><td><h6>the Bicol Peninsula of Luzon Island in the Philippines.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>qaldaw</td><td>Legazpi</td><td><h6>Philippines</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>qaldaw</td><td>Naga</td><td><h6>Kuki-Chin; Sino-Tibetan; Asia. There are three dialects - Mao, Tangkhul, Zeme.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>qaldaw</td><td>Southern Catanduanes</td><td><h6>Southern Catanduanes Bikol, or Virac, is one of the Bikol languages of Catanduanes in the Philippines.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>qaldaw</td><td>Buhi</td><td><h6>the Philippines</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>qaldaw</td><td>Daraga</td><td><h6>Philippines</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>qardaw</td><td>Northern Catanduanes</td><td><h6>Philippins</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>allaw</td><td>Pangutaran Sama</td><td><h6>Spoken on the Island of Pangutaran and the Islands of Palawan Province. Philippines.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aldaw</td><td>Central Tagbanwa</td><td><h6>Philippines, the Puerto Princesa island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>7adlaw</td><td>Romblomanon</td><td><h6>Romblomanon is an Austronesian regional language spoken, along with Asi and Onhan, in the province of Romblon in the Philippines.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>7aldaw</td><td>Tagbanua Aborlan</td><td><h6>Aborlan Tagbanwa is spoken on Palawan Island in the Philippines.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tadau</td><td>Kadazan</td><td><h6>Malaysia (Sabah)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aldo</td><td>Kapampangan</td><td><h6>Philippines.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>law</td><td>Sangil</td><td><h6>Sangil is a language of Philippines. It is spoken in Mindanao, Balut and Sarangani islands.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ald3w</td><td>Canipaan Palawan</td><td><h6>Palawan Province. Philippines</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>3ld3w</td><td>Quezon Palawan</td><td><h6>the language in the province of Palawan, Philippines.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>3ld3w</td><td>Brookes Point Palawan </td><td><h6>Fillippines, the Palawan island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>atdao; atdaw</td><td>Chamoru</td><td><h6>Chamorro (or Chamoru) is an Austronesian language spoken by about 47,000 people (about 35,000 people on Guam and about 12,000 in the Northern Mariana Islands in the Pacific Ocean)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aldaw</td><td>Binukid</td><td><h6>Spoken on the Island of Mindanao, Philippines.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aldaw</td><td>Palawan Batak</td><td><h6>Austronesian language family, Taiwan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aldew</td><td>Agta, Casiguran Dumagat </td><td><h6>one of the languages of the Northeastern part of the large Northern Philippine island of Luzon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aldew</td><td>Agta, Dupaninan </td><td><h6>one of the languages of the Northeastern part of the large Northern Philippine island of Luzon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aldew</td><td>Agta, Pahanan </td><td><h6>one of the languages of the Northeastern part of the large Northern Philippine island of Luzon</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>algew; init</td><td>Bontok</td><td><h6>Philippines (Northern Luzon; Austronesian; Asia).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>algew; init</td><td>Central Bontok</td><td><h6>Philippines</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>apseng; init</td><td>Bontoc—Guinaang</td><td><h6>Philippines</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>init</td><td>Iloko</td><td><h6>Iloko (Ilocano; Ilokano) is the third most-spoken native language of the Philippines. An Austronesian language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>init</td><td>Hanunoo</td><td><h6>Philippines</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>init</td><td>Sauthern Kalinga</td><td><h6>Philippines.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>init</td><td>Limos Kalinga</td><td><h6>Kalinga Province in the Philippines</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>init</td><td>Minangali</td><td><h6>an Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>apseng</td><td>Bontok Ili Bontoc (?)</td><td><h6>Philippines</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>argew</td><td>Ma-init Bontoc</td><td><h6>Philippines</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>garo</td><td>Sinaugoro </td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vara; varang</td><td>Molima</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ururo</td><td>Warembori</td><td><h6>South Halmahera - West New Guinea; Austronesian; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>re; rere</td><td>Irarutu</td><td><h6>South Halmahera - West New Guinea; Austronesian; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>er</td><td>Burmbar</td><td><h6>Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>or</td><td>Biak</td><td><h6>South Halmahera - West New Guinea; Austronesian; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hurra; wirendomu</td><td>Kaladdarsch</td><td><h6>Other names for the Kaladdarsch language: (Kimaama, Kimaghama, Kimaghima, Teri-Kalwasch). Indonesia, Eastern Papua</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>era; hurra</td><td>Kimaghama</td><td><h6>Kimaama, or Kimaghama, is a language spoken on Yos Sudarso Island in Papua province, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>era</td><td>Gawil</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>era</td><td>Umbu Ungu</td><td><h6>(alt name for Umbu-Ungu: Andelale) Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rei</td><td>Kombai</td><td><h6>Awju-Dumut; Trans-New Guinea; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rEi</td><td>Wanggom</td><td><h6>a Papuan language of Indonesian New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rea</td><td>Fila</td><td><h6>Fila is a Polynesian language spoken in Mele Ifira on the island of Efate in Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rea</td><td>Mele</td><td><h6>Mele is a Polynesian language spoken in Mele on the island of Efate in Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>orawai</td><td>Waropen</td><td><h6>South Halmahera - West New Guinea; Austronesian; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ora; seba</td><td>Mor</td><td><h6>South Halmahera - West New Guinea; Austronesian; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>worem</td><td>Waskia</td><td><h6>Madang; Trans-New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>worom</td><td>Usan</td><td><h6>Madang; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sanggwa</td><td>Angave </td><td><h6>1600 people in Kereme District, Gulf Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>war</td><td>Abui</td><td><h6>it is spoken in the central part of Alor island in Eastern Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>w'ar</td><td>Takalelang Abui</td><td><h6>the central part of Alor island in Eastern Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>w'ar-i</td><td>Atimelang Abui</td><td><h6>the central part of Alor island in Eastern Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wa</td><td>Aruop</td><td><h6>Aruop is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea. Speakers of the language call the language Srenge or Lawu Srenge, where lawu is the Srenge word for 'language'.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>waf</td><td>Nabi</td><td><h6>Nabi (Nambi), a.k.a. Metan, is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>warang</td><td>Kairiru</td><td><h6>the language spoken mainly on Kairiru and Mushu islands and in several coastal villages on the mainland between Cape Karawop and Cape Samein near Wewak in East Sepik Province of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>varae</td><td>Sudest</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea (Oceanic; Austronesian; Australia and Oceania)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>naare</td><td>Kewa</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea (Engan; Trans-New Guinea; Australia and Oceania)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aro</td><td>Chuave-Capell</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aro</td><td>Demisa</td><td><h6>New Guinea (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aro</td><td>Lusi</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>auro</td><td>Boliano</td><td><h6>Philippines</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aurorEi</td><td>Saponi</td><td><h6>Saponi is an extinct Papuan language of Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aulo</td><td>Sambal</td><td><h6>Philippines</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ao</td><td>Gadsup Agarabi</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ar; are</td><td>Dom</td><td><h6>Dom is a Trans-New Guinea language of Chimbu Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ar</td><td>Rerep</td><td><h6>The Rerep language is one of the great many languages of the Malakula Coast group spoken in Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ar</td><td>Unua</td><td><h6>Unua, or Onua, is an Oceanic language spoken in east Malakula, Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ara</td><td>Tauya</td><td><h6>Madang; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ara</td><td>Apiaca</td><td><h6>Apiaca is a Tupi language of the Apiaca people of the upper Rio Tapajos area of Mato Grosso, Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aran</td><td>Tangko</td><td><h6>Tangko is a somewhat divergent Ok language of West Papua.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>arao; ra</td><td>Giri</td><td><h6>Kire (Giri) is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>araw</td><td>Ibatan</td><td><h6>The Ibatan (Ivatan) is an Austronesian language spoken in the Batanes Islands.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>araw</td><td>Itbayaten</td><td><h6>Philippines</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>araw</td><td>Philippine language</td><td><h6>(Philippino)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>araw </td><td>Tagalog </td><td><h6>(or Filipino, its standardized version) - one of the main languages of the Philippines. Belongs to the western branch of Philippine zone of Austronesian family of languages.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>araw</td><td>Yami (Tao)</td><td><h6>the austronesian language of the Yami people of Orchid Island, 46 kilometers southeast of Taiwan.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>arawer</td><td>Taiap (Tayap)</td><td><h6>Taiap (also called Gapun, after the name of the village in which it is spoken) is an endangered language isolate spoken by around a hundred people in the East Sepik Province of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>are; aro</td><td>Chuave-Swick</td><td><h6>Chuave is a Trans-New Guinea language of Chimbu Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>haro</td><td>Kerepunu</td><td><h6>N. Guinee (*).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>haro</td><td>Keapara</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hare</td><td>Opao</td><td><h6>Opao is a Trans-New Guinea language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hare (*)</td><td>Orokolo</td><td><h6>Eleman Proper; Eleman; Australia and Oceania. Papua N. Guinee</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>haro</td><td>Nakanai</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>are; ori</td><td>Golin</td><td><h6>Chimbu; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>are</td><td>Boumai</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>are</td><td>Dom-Boumai</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>are</td><td>Madurese</td><td><h6>Indonesia, the Yawa Timur island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>are</td><td>Sinasina</td><td><h6>Sinasina is a language of Simbu Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>arem; armu</td><td>Mikarew</td><td><h6>Aruamu a.k.a. Mikarew (Mikarup, Makarup, Makarub), also Ariawiai (Mikarew-Ariaw), is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>armu</td><td>Mikarew Makarub</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yalo</td><td>Baetora Nasawa</td><td><h6>Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>elo</td><td>New Hebrides (?)</td><td><h6>New Hebrides was the colonial name for an island group in the South Pacific that now forms the nation of Vanuatu, named after the Scottish archipelago. Native people had inhabited the islands for thousands of years before the first Europeans arrived (*).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ealo</td><td>Baetora Navenevene</td><td><h6>Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ealo</td><td>Baetora Tam</td><td><h6>Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ealo</td><td>Baetora Narovorovo</td><td><h6>Baetora, or South Maewo, is an Oceanic language spoken on Maewo, Vanuatu. There is a large degree of dialectal diversity.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alo (aro)</td><td>Hula</td><td><h6>(N. Guinee) New Celebes (*)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alo</td><td>Araki </td><td><h6>An endangered language of Vanuatu in the South Pacific, spoken by only 8 speakers today; an Oceanic language spoken in the small island of the same name, close to Espiritu Santo island, in Northern Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alo</td><td>Raga</td><td><h6>Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alo</td><td>Tangoa</td><td><h6>Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alo</td><td>Baetora</td><td><h6>Baetora, or South Maewo, is an Oceanic language spoken on Maewo, Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alo</td><td>Tagabawa</td><td><h6>Tagabawa is a Manobo language of Davao City and Mount Apo in Mindanao, the Philippines.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alo</td><td>Amblong </td><td><h6>an Oceanic language spoken in the south of Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alo</td><td>Fortsenal</td><td><h6>(alt. name is Kiai) a vernacular of a native people in the highlands of the central Espiritu Santo Island, Sanma Province, Republic of Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alo</td><td>South Malo</td><td><h6>Tamambo, or Malo, is an Oceanic language spoken by 4,000 people on Malo and nearby islands in Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alo</td><td>Morouas Batunlamak</td><td><h6>North-West part of Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alo</td><td>Merlav </td><td><h6>Mwerlap is an Oceanic language spoken in the south of the Banks Islands in Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alo</td><td>Merlav Merig</td><td><h6>an Oceanic language spoken at the Gaya, Mere-Lava, Merig islands in Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alo</td><td>Morouas</td><td><h6>Morouas (Moruas) is an Oceanic language spoken in central Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alo</td><td>Lakona</td><td><h6>Lakona (Lakon) is an Oceanic language, spoken on the west coast of Gaua island in Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alo</td><td>Hano</td><td><h6>Hano (alt. name is Raga) is the language of Northern Pentecost island in Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alo</td><td>Peterara</td><td><h6>Central Maewo, also known as Peterara after one of its dialects, is an Oceanic language spoken on Maewo, Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alo</td><td>Nokuku</td><td><h6>Nokuku (Nogugu) is an Oceanic language spoken in the North of Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alo</td><td>North Malo</td><td><h6>Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alo</td><td>Wuvulu-Aua</td><td><h6>The language is one of three Western Admiralty Islands languages, the other two being Seimat and the extinct Kaniet. The language is spoken on Wuvulu and Aua Islands by 1500 people in the Manus Province of Papua New Guinea. Austronesian language family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>*alo</td><td>Proto-Micronesian</td><td><h6>Austronesian language family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alo</td><td>Tutuba</td><td><h6>Tutuba is an Oceanic language spoken in Vanuatu on the southeast tip of Espiritu Santo Island and on Tutuba Island offshore.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alon</td><td>Ninggirum Kawoma</td><td><h6>The central region of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alo</td><td>Wailapa</td><td><h6>Wailapa, or Ale, is an Oceanic language spoken on Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alo</td><td>Bada Indonesia</td><td><h6>ino?ia Noeaaane (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>awlo</td><td>Tina Sambal (Sambali; Tina)</td><td><h6>Spoken in Luzon, Philippines.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>walo</td><td>Nume</td><td><h6>Nume (also called Gog and Tarasag) is an Oceanic language spoken on Gaua island in Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aloa</td><td>Marino</td><td><h6>Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oalo</td><td>Lemolang</td><td><h6>Indonesia, Sulawesi island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>la</td><td>Tuvaluan</td><td><h6>Tuvaluan, often called Tuvalu, is a Polynesian language of or closely related to the Ellicean group spoken in Tuvalu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>la</td><td>Onjob</td><td><h6>Onjob is a Papuan language of New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>la</td><td>Takuu Mortlock</td><td><h6>Takuu (also Mortlock, Taku, Tau, or Tauu) is a Polynesian language spoken on the atoll of Takuu, near Bougainville Island. It is very closely related to Nukumanu and Nukuria from Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>la</td><td>Samoan</td><td><h6>Samoan is the language of the Samoan Islands, comprising the Independent State of Samoa and the United States territory of American Samoa.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>la</td><td>Nanumea</td><td><h6>Nanumea is the Northwesternmost atoll in the Polynesian nation of Tuvalu, a group of nine coral atolls and islands spread over about 400 miles (640 km) of Pacific Ocean just south of the equator and west of the International Date Line.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>la</td><td>Nukuoro</td><td><h6>Micronesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>la</td><td>Tokelau (Oieaeao)</td><td><h6>Tokelauan is a Polynesian language spoken in Tokelau and on Swains Island (or Olohega) in American Samoa.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>la</td><td>Matbat</td><td><h6>Indonesia, the Misool island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>la</td><td>Xokleng</td><td><h6>Xokleng is a Ge language spoken by the Xokleng people of Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>la'a</td><td>Faka Futuna</td><td><h6>Oceanic; Austronesian; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>la7a</td><td>Futuna East</td><td><h6>the Futuna island (Pasific ocean)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>la7a</td><td>Wallisian East Uvean</td><td><h6>Polynesian language spoken on Wallis.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>algo</td><td>Ifugaw</td><td><h6>Philippines</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lare</td><td>Kaki Ae</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lara</td><td>Manombai</td><td><h6>Papua Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lara</td><td>Waimaa</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lau</td><td>Bosman</td><td><h6>Bosman (Bosmun, Bosngun) is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lea</td><td>Buru Masarete</td><td><h6>Indonesia, the Buru Island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lea</td><td>Buru</td><td><h6>Buru or Buruese (Indonesian: Bahasa Buru) is a Malayo-Polynesian languages of the Central Maluku branch. Indonesian island of Buru.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lea</td><td>Kayeli</td><td><h6>Kayeli is an extinct Austronesian language once used by the Kayeli people of the Indonesian island Buru. Two dialects were recognized, namely Leliali (Liliali) and Lumaete (Lumaiti, Mumaite, Lumara).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vela</td><td>Pileni</td><td><h6>The Pileni language is a Polynesian language spoken in some of the Reef Islands as well as in the Taumako Islands (also known as the Duff Islands).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oleo</td><td>Tolaki Wiwirano</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>olo</td><td>Northern Tukang Besi</td><td><h6>Tukang Besi is an Austronesian language spoken in the Tukangbesi Islands in southeast Sulawesi in Indonesia by a quarter million speakers.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>olo</td><td>Tukang Besi</td><td><h6>Tukang Besi is an Austronesian language spoken in the Tukangbesi Islands in southeast Sulawesi in Indonesia by a quarter million speakers.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>olo (lo)</td><td>Wetamut Dorig</td><td><h6>Dorig (sometimes called Wetamut) is an Oceanic language spoken on Gaua island in Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oloyo mata-no</td><td>Banggai</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>olopa</td><td>Kandawo</td><td><h6>Kandawo, also known as Narake (but see related Narak) is a Trans-New Guinea language of Western Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lopa</td><td>Narak</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>al</td><td>Eton Vanuatu</td><td><h6>Eton is a small Oceanic language of Vanuatu, in the southeast of Efate Island.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>al</td><td>Pelipowai</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>al</td><td>Seimat</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>al</td><td>South Efate</td><td><h6>Language spoken on the island of Efate in Central Vanuatu, Melanesia, in the South Pacific.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>al</td><td>Namakura</td><td><h6>The Makura language, Namakura or Namakir, is an Oceanic language of Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>al</td><td>South Efate Pango</td><td><h6>Central Vanuatu, Melanesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>al</td><td>Malua Bay Petarmur</td><td><h6>an Oceanic language spoken in Northwest Malakula, Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>al</td><td>Larevat</td><td><h6>Larevat is an Oceanic language of central Malakula, Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>al</td><td>Lingarak</td><td><h6>Lingarak, also known as Neverver, is an Oceanic language. Neverver is spoken in Malampa Province, in central Malakula, Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>al</td><td>Naman</td><td><h6>Litzlitz, also known as Naman, is an endangered Oceanic language of central Malakula, Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>al</td><td>Malfaxal</td><td><h6>Alternate names: Malvaxal-Toman Island, Naha'ai, Taman, Tomman. Where spoken: Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>al</td><td>Mae</td><td><h6>Alt. name is North Small Nambas. Spoken at Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>al</td><td>Orap</td><td><h6>Vanuatu ?</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>al</td><td>Uripiv</td><td><h6>Uripiv is a dialect of the language spoken on the North-east coast of Malakula (Vanuatu).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>al</td><td>Vao</td><td><h6>Vao is an Austronesian language of the Oceanic branch spoken by about 1,900 people on Vao Island and on the nearby shores of Malakula Island, Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>al</td><td>Rano</td><td><h6>Uripiv, or more precisely Uripiv-Wala-Rano-Atchin, is a language spoken on Vanuatu. (?)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>al</td><td>Vinmavis</td><td><h6>Vinmavis, also known as Neve'ei, is an Oceanic language of central Malakula, Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>al</td><td>South Efate Erakor</td><td><h6>Central Vanuatu, Melanesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>al</td><td>South Efate Eratap</td><td><h6>Central Vanuatu, Melanesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>al</td><td>Mpotovoro</td><td><h6>Mpotovoro is an Oceanic language spoken at the North tip of Malakula, Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>al</td><td>Pinalum</td><td><h6>Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>al</td><td>Comecrudo</td><td><h6>the estern Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>el</td><td>Malua Bay</td><td><h6>Malua Bay is an Oceanic language spoken in Northwest Malakula, Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>el</td><td>Maragus</td><td><h6>Maragus is a nearly extinct Oceanic language of central Malakula, Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ale; metenial</td><td>Dixon Reef</td><td><h6>Dixon Reef is one of the Malakula Interior languages of Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tenia</td><td>Biami</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nal</td><td>South West Bay Benour</td><td><h6>Malayo Polynesian (to the East from Australia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nal</td><td>South West Bay Lembinwen</td><td><h6>Malayo Polynesian (to the East from Australia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lo; na-lo</td><td>Mwotlap</td><td><h6>Mwotlap (formerly known as Motlav) is an Oceanic language spoken by about 2,100 people in Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lo</td><td>Benabena</td><td><h6>Benabena (Bena) is a Papuan language spoken in the Goroka District of Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lo</td><td>Lemerig</td><td><h6>Lemerig (sometimes also called Pak, Pak, or Sasar) is an Oceanic language spoken on Vanua Lava, in Vanuatu. Lemerig is no longer actively spoken. The 2 remaining speakers live on the Northern coast of the island.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lo</td><td>Vures (Vureas)</td><td><h6>Vanuatu (Banks Islands, island of Vanua Lava)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lo</td><td>Mosina Vetumboso</td><td><h6>Vanuatu (Banks Islands, island of Vanua Lava)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lo</td><td>Vatrata Sasar</td><td><h6>Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lo</td><td>Lehali</td><td><h6>Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>luo</td><td>Vatrata</td><td><h6>Vera’a (or Vatrata) is a language of Vanua Lava Island in Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>luo</td><td>Veraa</td><td><h6>Vera’a (or Vatrata) is a language of Vanua Lava Island in Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>loa</td><td>Mota</td><td><h6>Mota is an Oceanic language spoken by about 750 people on Mota island, in the Banks Islands of Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>loro</td><td>Tetum</td><td><h6>It's one of the native language of East Timor {Indonesia).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>loro</td><td>Habu</td><td><h6>Papua (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lE</td><td>Lehalurup</td><td><h6>Northern part of Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>na-lo</td><td>Motlav</td><td><h6>Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>t'aai; aai; t'aaik; taai; taaik; tahahi</td><td>Kiribati</td><td><h6>Kiribati is a Micronesian language spoken mainly in the island of Kiribati, an island nation of 32 atolls in the central tropical Pacific Ocean. It has about 60,000 speakers.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>l'ara</td><td>Waimaha</td><td><h6>Waimaha is an endangered language from the world's newest independent nation, Timor Lorosa'e, or East Timor. The Tucanoan language family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aenet</td><td>Satawalese</td><td><h6>Satawalese is a language spoken on the island of Satawal, located in the Federated States of Micronesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>s3u (seu)</td><td>Pingelapese</td><td><h6>The Pingelapese language is a Micronesian language native to Pingelap, an atoll belonging to the state of Pohnpei in the Federated States of Micronesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fEt</td><td>Kosraean</td><td><h6>Kosraean, sometimes rendered Kusaiean, is the language spoken on the islands of Kosrae (Kusaie), Caroline Islands, and Nauru (Micronesia).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mattongai</td><td>Koho</td><td><h6>Sre or Koho is a Bahnaric language spoken in the region around the city of Di Linh in Vietnam, by the Degar (or Montagnard) people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mat tonge</td><td>Koho Lach</td><td><h6>Vietnam</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mat pleN</td><td>Katu Eastern</td><td><h6>Vietnam</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mat pleN</td><td>Katu</td><td><h6>Katu, or Low Katu, is a Katuic language of eastern Laos and central Vietnam.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mat nar</td><td>Chrau</td><td><h6>a Bahnaric language spoken by some of the 22,000 ethnic Cho Ro people in southern Vietnam. </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matNay</td><td>Jeh</td><td><h6>Jeh (also spelled Die, Gie, Yaeh) is a language spoken by more than fifteen thousand people in Vietnam.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mat ngay </td><td>Halang</td><td><h6>Bahnaric; Austro-Asiatic; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mat hnguy</td><td>Cua</td><td><h6>Bahnaric; Austro-Asiatic; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matpri</td><td>Khmu'</td><td><h6>Khmu is the language of the Khmu people of the Northern Laos region.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>met kto</td><td>Chewong</td><td><h6>(Cheq Wong, Ceq Wong) is an aboriginal Mon-Khmer language spoken in Malaya.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kit kto7</td><td>Jahai</td><td><h6>Malaysia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mat k3to7</td><td>Jah Hut</td><td><h6>Malaysia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mat kh~alaN</td><td>Thavung So</td><td><h6>Thavung or Aheu is a language spoken by the Phon Sung people in Laos and Thailand.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mat yis</td><td>Semelai</td><td><h6>an Austroasiatic language spoken in the Malay Peninsula.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mat tl3y</td><td>Mung Koi</td><td><h6>Northern Vietnam</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mat ni</td><td>Mang</td><td><h6>Northern Vietnam</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mat hi</td><td>Rengao</td><td><h6>It is spoken in parts of south and central Vietnam.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mat troi [matchoy]</td><td>Vietnamese</td><td><h6>belongs to the Austronesian language family (Viet-Muong group).</h6> </td> </tr><tr><td>mat mahi</td><td>Hre</td><td><h6>Hre is a North Bahnaric language of central Vietnam.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>manaN; mat mnaN</td><td>Bru</td><td><h6>Laos</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>m3tpl3y (m3ot pl3i)</td><td>Ruc</td><td><h6>the minor Vietic language called Ruc, spoken by about 190 people 2 in the rather isolated highlands of North-Central Vietnam.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>m3niaN</td><td>Kui Thailand</td><td><h6>Thailand</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>madua; malua</td><td>Na Khe Gelao</td><td><h6>Southern China and Northern Vietnam</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mataimasa</td><td>Merei</td><td><h6>Merey is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Northern Cameroon (!).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mat3oharae</td><td>Kerinci</td><td><h6>Kerinci (Karinchi or Kincai) is a Malayan language spoken in Jambi province, Sumatra especially in Kerinci Regency and Sungai Penuh city.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matari</td><td>Mualang</td><td><h6>Mualang is a Ibanic Dayak language of Borneo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matari</td><td>Ai Banda</td><td><h6>South Maluku (Moluccas), Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matara</td><td>Emae</td><td><h6>Emae is a Polynesian outlier language of Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matahari</td><td>Malay</td><td><h6>It is the national language of Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei, and it is one of four official languages of Singapore. Spoken at Sumatra island, at the Malay Peninsula and in coastal regions of Borneo island.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>marahari; surya; mentari</td><td>Indonesian</td><td><h6>The state language of Republic of Indonesia. This is an Austronesian language, and is part of Malay language branch of this language family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matahari</td><td>Banjar</td><td><h6>the language of Banjars. This is one of Malay-polinesian languages of Austronesian language family. Matahari means 'Eye of Day'</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata hari</td><td>Iban</td><td><h6>(jaku Iban) is spoken by the Iban, a branch of the Dayak ethnic group formerly known as 'Sea Dayak' who live in Sarawak, the Indonesian province of Kalimantan Barat and in Brunei. (Malayo-Sumbawan; Austronesian; Asia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matahari</td><td>Sekola Lonthoir Banda</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matahari</td><td>Sekola Neira Banda</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matahari</td><td>Alor Malay</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matahari</td><td>Betawi</td><td><h6>Creoles and Pidgins; other; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matahari</td><td>Kupang Malay</td><td><h6>West Timor, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matahari</td><td>Manadonese</td><td><h6>Papua Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matohari</td><td>Delang</td><td><h6>Borneo (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matohari</td><td>Jambi Malay</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matamalai</td><td>Lele</td><td><h6>The Manus island (Papua New Guinea)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mataari</td><td>Remun</td><td><h6>Remun, or Milikin, is a Ibanic Dayak language of Borneo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mataari</td><td>Sebuyau</td><td><h6>Sebuyau is a Malayic Dayak language of Borneo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata7ari</td><td>Selako</td><td><h6>Kendayan, or Salako (Selako), is a Malayic Dayak language of Borneo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mate ari7t</td><td>Lom</td><td><h6>the dialect of Bangka Malay (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata n-ahi (matanai)</td><td>Balinese</td><td><h6>Indonesia (Java and Bali islands). (There are several Balinese languages indeed, not less than four)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata n-ahi</td><td>Balinese</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mataniari</td><td>Angkola</td><td><h6>Austronesian language of Sumatra.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata ni ari; mata wari</td><td>Hata Batak</td><td><h6>Dairi Batak (Batak Toba, Batta or Hata Batak Toba) is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken in the Northern part of the Indonesian island of Sumatra.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>war</td><td>Tifol Afeng Abui</td><td><h6>Alor Archipelago, Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wari</td><td>Zia</td><td><h6>Zia is a Papuan language spoken in the Lower Waria Valley in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matEanrau</td><td>Ma'anyan</td><td><h6>Ma'anyan or Ma'anjan or Maanyak Dayak is an Austronesian language belonging to the East Barito languages. It is spoken by about 150,000 Ma'anyan people living in the central Kalimantan, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mataesso</td><td>Bugis</td><td><h6>one of the Indonesian languages. Spoken at Southwestern part of Sulawesi island and in other regions of Indonesia. There are about 4 mil. of speakers.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata essoh</td><td>Buginese</td><td><h6>(Basa Ugi, Bahasa Bugis, Bugis, Bugi, De) is a language spoken by about five million people mainly in the Southern part of Sulawesi, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matase7at</td><td>Dampelasa</td><td><h6>Dampelas (Dampal) is a Celebic language of Sulawesi in Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matanuoloyo</td><td>Dondo</td><td><h6>Dondo is a Celebic language of Sulawesi in Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>moto7ando</td><td>Rampi</td><td><h6>Rampi is a language of Central and South Sulawesi, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mato adow</td><td>Tidong</td><td><h6>Tidong is a Sabahan language of Borneo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mot kon</td><td>Malieng</td><td><h6>Laos</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mas; masu</td><td>Narango</td><td><h6>Narango is an Oceanic language spoken on the south coast of Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>maten aho</td><td>East Ambae Lolomatui</td><td><h6>at the Northern part of the Vanuatu island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mato haxi</td><td>Malay Pattani</td><td><h6>Malaysia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata alo</td><td>Bantaeng</td><td><h6>South Sulawesi, Indonesia (?)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata-i-alo</td><td>Central Santo</td><td><h6>The family of Santo languages is a subgroup of the Vanuatu languages.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata allo</td><td>Aralle-Tabulahan</td><td><h6>South Sulawesi (Indonesia); Austronesian; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata allo</td><td>Aralle</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata allo</td><td>Mambi</td><td><h6>(Aralle-Tabulahan: Mambi) Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata allo</td><td>Campbell Tabulahan</td><td><h6>Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata allo</td><td>Mckenzie Tabulahan</td><td><h6>Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata allo</td><td>Dama Dama</td><td><h6>Dama may refer to Indonesian language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata allo</td><td>Pallu</td><td><h6>(?) Palu'e (also spelled Palue and Paluqe; native name Lu'a) is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken on Palu'e Island, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata allo</td><td>Taupe</td><td><h6>Indonesia (?)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata allo</td><td>Rantepalado</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matolodulahu</td><td>Gorontalo</td><td><h6>Greater Central Philippine; Northern Sulavesi, Indinesia (Gorontalo province)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata allo</td><td>Saludengan</td><td><h6>Sulawesi (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata allo</td><td>Salu Huhu</td><td><h6>Sulawesi (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata allo</td><td>Salu Maka</td><td><h6>Sulawesi (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata allo</td><td>Tanete</td><td><h6>Indonesia (?)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata allo</td><td>Sepang</td><td><h6>in the Southern part of the state of Selangor in Malaysia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata allo</td><td>Sodangan</td><td><h6>Sulawesi</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata allo</td><td>Taora</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata allo</td><td>Botteng</td><td><h6>Sulawesi (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata allo</td><td>Kiha</td><td><h6>Indonesia, the western part of the Sulawesi island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata allo</td><td>Kondo</td><td><h6>the Sulawesi island, the Barat province, Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata allo</td><td>Konjo</td><td><h6>the Sulawesi island, the Selatan province, Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata allo</td><td>Matanangnga</td><td><h6>Indonesia, Misool island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata allo</td><td>Mehalaan</td><td><h6>Sulawesi island (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata allo</td><td>Minangnga</td><td><h6>Sulawesi island, Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matalau</td><td>Tanjong</td><td><h6>Tanjong (Tanjung) language, which is spoken near the town of Kapit (Malaysia).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata7ari</td><td>Salako Badamea</td><td><h6>Western Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata7ari</td><td>Tamuan</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>m3t</td><td>North Tanna</td><td><h6>North Tanna is a language spoken on the Northern coast of Tanna Island in Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>m3t th~3Ni7</td><td>Chong H</td><td><h6>Cambodia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>m3t</td><td>Lenakel Lenaukas</td><td><h6>in the Southern part of Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>m3t</td><td>Lenakel Lonasilian</td><td><h6>in the Southern part of Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>m3</td><td>Karen Pao</td><td><h6>language of the people at the Southwestern China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>m3</td><td>Sgaw</td><td><h6>S'gaw, also known as Karen and S'gaw Kayin, is a Karen language spoken by S'gaw Karen people in Burma and in Thailand.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>m3si</td><td>Qiang Yadu</td><td><h6>Sichuan Province, China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>m3si</td><td>Taoping (Southern Qiang)</td><td><h6>a Sino-Tibetan language of the Qiangic branch spoken by approximately 81,300 people along the Minjiang river in Sichuan Province, China.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>maxua</td><td>Hongfeng Gelao</td><td><h6>Southern China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mch~a</td><td>Katso</td><td><h6>language of the people in southern China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mataondo</td><td>Boano </td><td><h6>North Sulavesi, Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mataondo</td><td>Totoli</td><td><h6>Totoli also known as Tolitoli is a Sulawesi language of the Austronesian language family spoken by 25,000 people of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mataondo</td><td>Boano</td><td><h6>Malaysia, at Northern part of Sulawesi island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matanano</td><td>Bidayuh Bau</td><td><h6>at the western part of Borneo Island (Malaysia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mataNadau</td><td>Bisaya Sabah</td><td><h6>Malaysia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matadau</td><td>Tutong</td><td><h6>The Tutong language is a language spoken by approximately 17,000 people in Brunei (Southeast Asia).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mEtE eo</td><td>Daa (Da'a ? Kaili)</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matanand~au</td><td>Ngaju Baamang</td><td><h6>Ngaju is an Austronesian language spoken along the Kapuas, Kahayan, Katingan, and Mentaya Rivers in Central Borneo, Indonesia. It is closely related to Bakumpai language. There are three dialects — Pulopetak, Ba'amang, and Mantangai.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matEanrau</td><td>Dusun Witu</td><td><h6>Dusun Witu, or Witu, is a language spoken by the Dusun people of Borneo that is closely related to Malagasy on Madagascar.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matEanrau</td><td>Malang</td><td><h6>Dusun Malang, or Malang, is a language spoken by the Dusun people of Borneo that is closely related to Malagasy on Madagascar.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matEanrau</td><td>Paku</td><td><h6>Paku (Bakau) is an endangered language of Borneo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matEanrau</td><td>Samihim</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata uroe (‘eye of the day’) </td><td>Acehnese</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mitna8e</td><td>Labo</td><td><h6>Labo (also Ninde, Nide, Meaun, Mewun) is an Oceanic language spoken by about 1,100 people in the Southwest Bay area of Malakula island, in Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matan mas</td><td>Narango Nambel</td><td><h6>Pasific ocean</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matemaso</td><td>Mafea</td><td><h6>(also known as Mavea or Mavia) is an Oceanic language spoken on the island of Mavea in Vanuatu, off the eastern coast of Espiritu Santo.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matanamaso</td><td>Piamatsina</td><td><h6>Piamatsina is an Oceanic language spoken in the North of Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matamaso</td><td>Tasmate</td><td><h6>Tasmate is an Oceanic language spoken in the North of Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata ari7</td><td>Indonesian Jakarta</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata 7are7</td><td>Semelai</td><td><h6>Semelai is an Austroasiatic language spoken in the Malay Peninsula.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mataari</td><td>Urak Lawoi</td><td><h6>Urak Lawoi is an Aboriginal Malay language of Southern Thailand.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matanamasa</td><td>Malmariv</td><td><h6>Malmariv/Merei is an Oceanic language spoken in North central Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matanamasa </td><td> Navut </td><td><h6>Navut is an Oceanic language spoken in central Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matanamaso</td><td>Piamatsina</td><td><h6>Piamatsina is an Oceanic language spoken in the North of Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matanamaso</td><td>Vunapu</td><td><h6>Vunapu is an Oceanic language spoken in Northern Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matanmaso</td><td>Wusi Nonona</td><td><h6>an Oceanic language spoken on Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mw~aso (maso)</td><td>Valpei</td><td><h6>Valpei (Valpei-Hukua) is an Oceanic language spoken on the Northern tip of Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matadiu</td><td>Narom</td><td><h6>Narom language (sometimes spelled Narum) is a Malayo-Polynesian language of the Lower Baram branch. It is spoken by some 2,420 Narom people in Sarawak, Malaysia, and particularly in the Miri Division and the area south of Baram River mouth.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mat r3baN</td><td>Pacoh</td><td><h6>central Laos and central Vietnam.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matakula</td><td>Budong Budong</td><td><h6>Budong-Budong is an Austronesian language of Sulawesi, Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata kulla7</td><td>Tarinding</td><td><h6>Sulawesi, Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matasekat; sekat</td><td>Balaesan</td><td><h6>a language of Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata daw (eye of the day)</td><td>Bintulu</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata adaw (eye of the day)</td><td>Bisaya</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata in singai (eye of the day) </td><td>Bolaang</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata ni siNa (matanisiga)</td><td>Fijian</td><td><h6>the Western Viti island (in Pacific Ocean)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matam balal</td><td>Simalur</td><td><h6>Northwest Sumatra Barrier Islands</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata7oleo</td><td>Tolaki Laiwui</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata7oleo</td><td>Tomadino</td><td><h6>Tomadino is an Austronesian language of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata7oleo</td><td>Tolaki Mekongga</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata7oleo</td><td>Kapontori</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mataoleo</td><td>Waru</td><td><h6>Waru is an Austronesian language of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mataoleo</td><td>Waru Lalomerui</td><td><h6>Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mataoleo</td><td>Wawonii Menui</td><td><h6>Wawonii is an Austronesian language of Menui (in Morowali Regency, Central Sulawesi) island of Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mataoleo</td><td>Moronene</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mataoleo</td><td>Koroni</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata7eo</td><td>Uma</td><td><h6>Uma (known natively as Pipikoro) is a language spoken in Central and South Sulawesi, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matanuoloyo</td><td>Tomini</td><td><h6>Tomini, or Tialo, is a Celebic language of Sulawesi in Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mataCo</td><td>Tring</td><td><h6>Tring is one of the languages of Borneo, in Sarawak.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mete ai</td><td>Paama Laul</td><td><h6>Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mete iai</td><td>Paama Lironesa</td><td><h6>Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>meten eai</td><td>Southeast Ambrym Maat</td><td><h6>Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>meten iai</td><td>Southeast Ambrym Toak</td><td><h6>Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mataiyo</td><td>Wotu</td><td><h6>Wotu is an endangered Austronesian language of South Sulawesi, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matan aho</td><td>West Ambae</td><td><h6>West Ambae (also known as Duidui and Opa) is an Oceanic language spoken on Ambae, Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mataimw~aho</td><td>Wusi Valui</td><td><h6>an Oceanic language spoken on Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mataemw~aho</td><td>Wusi Mana</td><td><h6>an Oceanic language spoken on Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matalaNit</td><td>Western Penan</td><td><h6>Malaysia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matZis(mat Tis)</td><td>Semai</td><td><h6>Semai is a Mon–Khmer language of western Malaysia spoken by about 44,000 Semai people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mataCiu</td><td> Central Berawan </td><td><h6>the Borneo island (Malaysia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tamaCiu; matatiu</td><td>East Berawan</td><td><h6>Malaysia, the Borneo island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matalau</td><td>Kanowit</td><td><h6>Malaysia, nothern area of the Borneo island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matarau</td><td>Kiput</td><td><h6>Malaysia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matarau</td><td>Lelak</td><td><h6>Malaysia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matuano</td><td>Lara</td><td><h6>Malaysia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matahlau</td><td>Daro Matu</td><td><h6>the Borneo island (Malaysia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bilag; mata</td><td>Dibagat-Kabugao-Isneg</td><td><h6>Northern Philippines</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bilag </td><td>Casiguran Negrito</td><td><h6>Philippines</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata</td><td>Isnag</td><td><h6>Philippines, the Cagayan island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matanueleo</td><td>Pendau</td><td><h6>Pendau (Ndau), or Umalasa, is a Celebic language of Sulawesi in Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matanueleo</td><td>Taje Tanampedagi</td><td><h6>The North of Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata7eo</td><td>Sarudu</td><td><h6>Sarudu is an Austronesian language of West Sulawesi, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata7ajo</td><td>Laiyolo</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata alo</td><td>Selayar</td><td><h6>Selayar or Selayarese is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken by about 100,000 people on the island of Selayar in South Sulawesi province, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata alo</td><td>Coastal Konjo</td><td><h6>Sulawesi (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata-i-alo</td><td>Central Santo</td><td><h6>Philippines</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matai alo </td><td>Navut Matae</td><td><h6>Matae/Navut, spoken on the island of Espiritu Santo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mata7olo</td><td>Padoe</td><td><h6>Padoe is an Austronesian language of the Celebic branch. It was traditionally spoken in the rolling plains south of Lake Matano in South Sulawesi province.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matanueleo</td><td>Pendau</td><td><h6>Pendau (Ndau), or Umalasa, is a Celebic language of Sulawesi in Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mete alo</td><td>Paama Faulili</td><td><h6>the Faulili dialect of Paama (Vanuatu)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>met kato7</td><td>Kensiw</td><td><h6>Malaysia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matE7olo</td><td>Lawangan</td><td><h6>Lawangan is an Austronesian language of the East Barito group. It is spoken by about 100,000 Lawangan people (one of the Dayak peoples) living in the central Kalimantan, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matalo</td><td>Bukitan</td><td><h6>Indonesia, Borneo island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matanand~au</td><td>Kapuas Kahayan</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matow odow</td><td>Burusu</td><td><h6>Indonesia, Borneo island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matasdat</td><td>Bolongan </td><td><h6>Borneo island (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mataso</td><td>Campalagian</td><td><h6>The Sulawesi island (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>as</td><td>Gumalu</td><td><h6>Gumalu is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>as3</td><td>Grand Couli</td><td><h6>The Grande Terre island (near Vanuatu)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>as3</td><td>Tiri</td><td><h6>Tiri (Ciri), or Mea (Ha Mea), is an Oceanic language of New Caledonia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>se</td><td>Dehu</td><td><h6>an Austronesian language. New Caledonia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aso</td><td>East Ambae Lolsiwoi</td><td><h6>Northern part of the Vanuatu island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aso</td><td>Pele-Ata</td><td><h6>The Ata language, also known as Pele-Ata after its two dialects, or Wasi, is a language isolate spoken on New Britain island, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aso</td><td>Tolo</td><td><h6>Solomon islands</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>7a7; a7</td><td>Bukawac</td><td><h6>(Bukawa, Bukaua, Bukawac]. Austronesian language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>7a</td><td>Labu</td><td><h6>an Austronesian language spoken among 1,600 people (1989) in three older villages and one new one across the Markham River from Lae in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aho</td><td>Bugotu (Bughotu)</td><td><h6>Solomon islands</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aho</td><td>East Ambae Wailengi</td><td><h6>in Northern part of the Vanuatu island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aho</td><td>Nggela</td><td><h6>Austronesian language family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aho</td><td>Niue (Niuean ?)</td><td><h6>Austronesian language family. Australia ond Oceania.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ah</td><td>Rempi</td><td><h6>Rempi is a Madang language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>maho</td><td>Wusi Kerepua</td><td><h6>Wusi (Wusi-Kerepua) is an Oceanic language spoken on the west coast of Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matai alo </td><td>Akei Penantsiro </td><td><h6>Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mataimasa</td><td>Lametin</td><td><h6>Vanuatu</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matahina</td><td>Kodeoha</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matahina</td><td>Rahambuu</td><td><h6>Rahambuu is an Austronesian language of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matanond~ou</td><td>Murung Siang</td><td><h6>Indonesia, the Borneo island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>riamatanjo</td><td>Nusa Laut</td><td><h6>Nusa Laut is an Austronesian language spoken on the island of the same name in the Moluccas in eastern Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ria matanjo</td><td>Saparua Haria</td><td><h6>Haria is one of the 17 villages on the island of Saparua, Maluku, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ri7amata7i</td><td>Elpaputih Samasuru Paulohij</td><td><h6>at the island in Banda sea (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ri7amata7i (riamatai)</td><td>Elpaputih Seram</td><td><h6>Seram island, Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rijamatan</td><td>Sepa Indonesia</td><td><h6>Sepa is a language spoken in Maluku, Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rijamatan</td><td>Taluti</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lijamatan</td><td>Taluti Laimu</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lijamatan</td><td>Taluti Tamilouw</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>liamatanno</td><td>Saparua Ihamahu</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>liamatan</td><td>Saparua Ouw</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>7as matanu</td><td>Kaiwa</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ata:n</td><td>Kauwol</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ata; atah</td><td>Madi</td><td><h6>Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. (Ma'di - Uganda and South Sudan)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>atafu</td><td>Samoan</td><td><h6>The language of Samoans, spoken in Samoa and American Samoa. Also spoken in New Zealand and Australia. Austronesian language family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>atan</td><td>Bimin</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>atan</td><td>Faiwol</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>atap</td><td>Sawuj</td><td><h6>Sawi language may refer to: Sawi language (Papuan), a language of West Papua, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tap</td><td>Tobati</td><td><h6>Tobati, or Yotafa, is an Austronesian language spoken in Jayapura Bay in Papua province, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ateh siew</td><td>Saaban</td><td><h6>Sa'ban is one of the remoter languages of Borneo, on the Sarawak-Kalimantan border.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>atelaNit</td><td>Sebop Kenyah</td><td><h6>Borneo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ati; ayre; kaiti**</td><td>Molmo One</td><td><h6>Molmo One is a language spoken in Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sENg~it</td><td>Dupaningan Agta</td><td><h6>Philippines</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5im; nem</td><td>Baba Malay</td><td><h6>Malaysia, Asia (almost extinct).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>batuhandu</td><td>Bukar Sadong Bidayuh</td><td><h6>Malaysia, the Borneo island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aluNan; mata hari; sinaN</td><td>Moro Magindanau</td><td><h6>Maguindanaon is an Austronesian language spoken by majority of the population of Maguindanao province in the Philippines.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sinaN</td><td>Aiklep</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sinaka</td><td>Mussau-Emira</td><td><h6>The Mussau-Emira language is spoken on the islands of Mussau and Emirau in the St. Matthias Islands in the Bismarck Archipelago (western Pacific Ocean).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sinala; sinenuga</td><td>Bunama</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sinaNa</td><td>Malasanga</td><td><h6>Malasanga or Pano is an Austronesian language spoken by about 900 individuals in two villages on the North coast of Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sinara</td><td>Dobu</td><td><h6>Dobu or Dobuan is an Austronesian language spoken in Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sinmali</td><td>Chambri</td><td><h6>Lower Sepik; Lower Sepik-Ramu;</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sina</td><td>Arosi</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sina</td><td>Kwaio</td><td><h6>The Kwaio language, or Koio, is spoken in the centre of Malaita Island in the Solomon Islands.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sekat; matasekat</td><td>Balaesang</td><td><h6>Sulawesi (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kat</td><td>Tami</td><td><h6>Tami is an Austronesian language on the Tami Islands and in a few villages at the tip of the Huon Peninsula in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>e7eo</td><td>Tara</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>leo; oleo</td><td>Lasalimu</td><td><h6>Lasalimu is an Austronesian language spoken on Buton Island off the southeast coast of Sulawesi in Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oleo</td><td>Moronene Tokotua</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oleo</td><td>Kadatua</td><td><h6>Sulawesi Tenggara province: Kadatuang island; Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oleo</td><td>Tolaki Asera</td><td><h6>Tolaki is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken in south east Sulawesi in Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oleo</td><td>Tolaki Konawe</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oleo</td><td>Tolaki Wiwirano</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oleo</td><td>Liabuka</td><td><h6>Liabuka (Liabuku) is an Austronesian language of Buton Island, off the southeast coast of Sulawesi in Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oleo</td><td>Wasuamba</td><td><h6>Southeastern Sulawesi</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oleo</td><td>Wawonii</td><td><h6>Wawonii is an Austronesian language of the Wawonii (Konawe Kepulauan Regency, Southeast Sulawesi) and Menui (in Morowali Regency, Central Sulawesi) islands of Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oleo</td><td>Todanga</td><td><h6>Sulawesi (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oleo</td><td>Kamboa</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oleo</td><td>Kulisusu</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oleo</td><td>Desa Wali</td><td><h6>Indonesia, Sulawesi</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eleo</td><td>Lauje</td><td><h6>Lauje is a Celebic language of Sulawesi in Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eleo</td><td>Tajio</td><td><h6>Tajio (Ajio), or Kasimbar, is a Celebic language of Sulawesi in Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eleo</td><td>Lauje Ampibabo</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eleo</td><td>Taje Petapa</td><td><h6>the North of Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xoleo</td><td>Muna</td><td><h6>Muna is an Austronesian language spoken principally on the island of Muna and the adjacent (nowthwestern) part of Buton Island, off the southeast coast of Sulawesi in Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>holeo</td><td>Mato No Uwe</td><td><h6>Polynesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>holeo</td><td>Busoa</td><td><h6>an Austronesian language of Buton Island, off the southeast coast of Sulawesi in Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>holeo</td><td>Pasarwajo</td><td><h6>South East Sulawesi, Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>holeo</td><td>Wabhula</td><td><h6>Polynesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>holeo</td><td>Batu Atas</td><td><h6>Indonesia, Sulawesi</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>holeo</td><td>Masiri (Cia-Cia)</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>holeo</td><td>Kumbewaha</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>holeo</td><td>Kaimbulawa</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>holeo</td><td>Lawele</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>holo</td><td>Onabasulu</td><td><h6>(Onobasulu) a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>holok; olok</td><td>Siliput</td><td><h6>Siliput, a.k.a. Maimai, is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea, Sandaun province, Seleput village.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lElo</td><td>Galoli</td><td><h6>Indonesia, the Timor Lorosa'e island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lElo</td><td>Helong</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lElo</td><td>Tukudede</td><td><h6>The Tukudede language (also known as Tukude, Tokodede, Tokode, and Tocod) belongs to the Austronesian family, and more specifically to the Malayo-Polynesian group. It is spoken in East timor</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lelo</td><td>Kemak</td><td><h6>Kemak is a language spoken in East Timor and in the border region of Indonesian West Timor. An alternate name is Ema. </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>olar</td><td>Waru Seram</td><td><h6>A language of Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>allo</td><td>Mandar</td><td><h6>Mandar (also Andian, Manjar, Mandharsche) is an Austronesian language spoken by the Mandar ethnic group living in West Sulawesi province of Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>allo</td><td>Tae'</td><td><h6>Indonesia (Sulawesi)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>allo</td><td>Makassarese</td><td><h6>Indonesia (Sulawesi)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>allo</td><td>Mamuju</td><td><h6>Mamuju is an Austronesian language spoken on the island of Sulawesi in Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>allo</td><td>Massenrempulu</td><td><h6>an Austronesian language of Sulawesi, Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>allo</td><td>Talaud</td><td><h6>Talaud is an Austronesian language spoken on the Talaud Islands North of Sulawesi, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>allo</td><td>Sadan</td><td><h6>Sulawesi (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ala</td><td>Bauzi</td><td><h6>East Geelvink Bay; East Geelvink Bay; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sнnag (?)</td><td>Isinai</td><td><h6>Isinai (Isinay) is a Northern Luzon language primarily spoken in Nueva Vizcaya province in the Northern Philippines.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>teresaN</td><td>Tiruray</td><td><h6>Tiruray is an Austronesian language of the Southern Philippines. Tiruray is spoken in: Datu Blah T. Sinsuat, Upi, and South Upi municipalities, in southwestern Maguindanao Province.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>miral</td><td>Waray</td><td><h6>Waray is the fifth-most-spoken native regional language of the Philippines, native to Eastern Visayas. It is the native language of the Waray people and second language of the Abaknon people of Capul, Northern Samar and some Cebuano-speaking peoples of eastern and Southern parts of Leyte island.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ro</td><td>Komodo</td><td><h6>Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hu (*)</td><td>Sentani</td><td><h6>Noua Guinee de Vest. Sentani; Sentani; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lan</td><td>Wauyai</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>archew</td><td>Khinina-ang Bontok</td><td><h6>The language spoken in Guina-ang, Bontoc, Mountain Province, the Philippines</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>na-?al</td><td>Namakir (Makura)</td><td><h6>Oceanic language of Vanuatu. It is spoken in North Efate, Tongoa, and Tongariki.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cu</td><td>Komyandaret</td><td><h6>Papua, Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>CuneNka</td><td>Mali</td><td><h6>New Guinea, the East New Britain island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cuwwo; dzuwo</td><td>Koneraw</td><td><h6>Koneraw is a Trans-New Guinea language spoken in West New Guinea (the Yos Sudarso island).</h6></td>  </tr><tr><td>budna-ndi; kawai; tane-ndi</td><td>Kaurna</td><td><h6>South Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tuni</td><td>Guyambal</td><td><h6>Australian aboriginal language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kili; tuni</td><td>Bigambal</td><td><h6>Australian aboriginal language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ganirin; kunirin</td><td>Malngin</td><td><h6>Australian aboriginal language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rearra</td><td>Wychinga</td><td><h6>South Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alenNE; mamaT; nawiyu; utene</td><td>Central Arrernte</td><td><h6>Northern Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nawi5</td><td>Birrdhawal (Bidhawal)</td><td><h6>Australian aboriginal language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>branu**</td><td>Ngardi</td><td><h6>Aboriginal language at North-western Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>waŋgu</td><td>Mudburra</td><td><h6>Mudburra, also known as Pinkangama, is an aboriginal language of Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>waLir</td><td>Ritharngu</td><td><h6>(Ritharngu, Ritarungo) is an Australian Aboriginal Yol?u language, spoken in Australia's Northern Territory.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>waLka</td><td>Pitta Pitta</td><td><h6>Pitta Pitta is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language. It was spoken around Boulia, Queensland.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>want~a; Nililpa</td><td>Warlpiri</td><td><h6>The Warlpiri language is spoken by about 3,000 of the Warlpiri people in Australia's Northern Territory.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bard~a</td><td>Garadjari</td><td><h6>Garadjari (Garadjari. Garadjiri. Garadyari. Garadyaria) is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken by the Karajarri people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bard~a</td><td>Karadjeri</td><td><h6>Australia. North-western seashore.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wa:nda</td><td>Wanayaga</td><td><h6>An aboriginal language at Westnorthern Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>warga</td><td>Lardil</td><td><h6>Lardil, also spelled Leerdil or Leertil, is a moribund language spoken by the Lardil people on Mornington Island (Kunhanha), in the Wellesley Islands of Queensland in Northern Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>warNiwarNi</td><td>Wandarang</td><td><h6>Warndarang (also spelled Wandarang, Wandaran) is an extinct Aboriginal Australian language in the Arnhem family, formerly spoken by the Warndarang people in Southern Arnhem Land, along the Gulf of Carpentaria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wuliZini</td><td>Djingili</td><td><h6>Jingulu (Djingili) is an Australian language spoken by the Jingili people in the Northern Territory of Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wurlngarn</td><td>Ngarinman Bilinara </td><td><h6>Northern Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>y3w3ju</td><td>Wagaya</td><td><h6>Wagaya (Wakaya) is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of Queensland.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yagurd~u</td><td>Ngadjunmaya</td><td><h6>Ngadjunmaya (Ngajumaya) is a recently extinct Pama-Nyungan language of Western Australia that was located in the Goldfields-Esperance region.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>warguwa</td><td>Yugulda</td><td><h6>Alternate names: Ganggalida (Gangulida), Ganggalita, Jakula, Jugula, Kangkalita, Yokula, Yukala, Yukulta. Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wargu (warku)</td><td>Gayardilt</td><td><h6>Gayardilt is a language spoken in Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>warku</td><td>Kayardild</td><td><h6>the language of the tribe in the North of Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wat:i (waTi)</td><td>Ngalakan</td><td><h6>Nothern Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>marnnga (mannga)</td><td>Burarra</td><td><h6>The language of the aborigines of the Northern Australia. Official Language of the Burarra People (Tribe) and Gun-nartpa People (Tribe)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jarribir; marnngi; warlirr</td><td>Djinang</td><td><h6>The language of the aborigines of the Northern Australia. Official Language of the Djinang People (Tribe)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>walu; 1arrngay; wa1irr</td><td>Gupapuyngu</td><td><h6>The language of the aborigines of Australia. Official Language of the Gupapuyngu People (Tribe), Northern Territories, Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>walu</td><td>Yolnu-matha</td><td><h6>Australian Aboriginal language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>walu</td><td>Manggalili</td><td><h6>Northern Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>walu</td><td>Mararba</td><td><h6>Northern Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>walu</td><td>Yolngumatha</td><td><h6>Northeast Arnhem Land in Northern Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>walu</td><td>Gobabingo</td><td><h6>Northern Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>walu</td><td>Gomaidj</td><td><h6>Northern Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yaraay </td><td>Kamilaroi</td><td><h6>(also spelled Gamilaraay) The language of the aborigines of Australia which was spoken over a vast area of North-central New South Wales when Europeans began colonising Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kun-dung</td><td>Gunwinggu (Kunwinjku)</td><td><h6>The language of the aborigines of Australia. Official Language of the Kunwinjku People, Gunbalanya Township, Kakadu National Park, Western Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pun-nul; punnal</td><td>Awabakal</td><td><h6>The language of the aborigines of Australia. Awabakal continued to be spoken in the late nineteenth century by some older aboriginal people in the Swansea, Martinsville and Cooranbong areas.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pun; til</td><td>Kalabra</td><td><h6>Kalabra is a Papuan language of the Bird's Head Peninsula of New Guinea. It is closest to Tehit.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>puN</td><td>Thayore</td><td><h6>Kuuk Thaayorre (Thayore) is a Paman language spoken in the settlement Pormpuraaw on the western part of the Cape York Peninsula, Queensland in Australia by the Thaayorre people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>puN</td><td>Yir Yoront</td><td><h6>Yir-Yoront was a Paman language spoken in two settlements, Kowanyama and Pormpuraaw on the southwestern part of the Cape York Peninsula, Queensland in Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>napui; napuy</td><td>Pahi</td><td><h6>Pahi, or Lugitama, is a Sepik language of Sandaun Province, Papua-New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>punga</td><td>Ayabadhu </td><td><h6>Ayabadhu (Ayapathu), or Badhu, is an extinct Australian aboriginal language of the Paman family spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia. (*)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>punga</td><td>Pakanha</td><td><h6>Pama-Nyungan; Australian; Australia and Oceania (*)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>barara5; wuru (wuri)</td><td>Thurawal</td><td><h6>The Thurawal language (Tharawal, Dharawal, Wodiwodi) is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of New South Wales.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ngulungulu; purangu pirangu)</td><td>Juwaliny</td><td><h6>The North-West Australian aboriginal language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ngulungulu; parra</td><td> Mangala</td><td><h6>The North-West Australian aboriginal language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ghool-lee mul-lu</td><td>Wong-gie</td><td><h6>Western Desert language in Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bara; ngulungulu; parra</td><td>Mangarla</td><td><h6>Mangarla (Mangala) is a Pama-Nyungan language of Western Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gimbara</td><td>Umbugarla</td><td><h6>The Umbugarla language is an Australian language isolate once spoken by three people in Arnhem Land, Northern Australia, in 1981, and is now extinct.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gambada</td><td>Wambaya</td><td><h6>Wambaya is a Non-Pama-Nyungan West Barkly Australian language of the Mirndi language group that is spoken in the Barkly Tableland of the Northern Territory, Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gamb~al</td><td>Kanju</td><td><h6>in the North of Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gamb~al</td><td>Kaantyu</td><td><h6>The Kaantyu were an Indigenous Australian people of the Cape York Peninsula.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gangirriny; wulngarn</td><td>Bilinarra</td><td><h6>The language of the aborigines of Australia. Official language of the Bilinarra People (Tribe), Pigeon Hole (Pigeon Hole Station) or Bunbidee, Victoria Daly Shire, Walangeri Ward.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kangirriny; wulngarn</td><td>Gurindji</td><td><h6>The language of the aborigines of Australia. Official Language of the Gurindji People (Tribe), Daguragu and Kalkarindji (Wave Hill), Victoria Daly Shire, Victoria River Region of the Northern Territory.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kaNg</td><td>Danaru</td><td><h6>Danaru is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ngalan</td><td>Guguyimidjir</td><td><h6>The language of the aborigines of Australia. Official Language of the Guugu Yimithirr People (Tribe), Hopevale, Queensland, Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nga</td><td>Leningitij</td><td><h6>in the North of Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>manyij; muwarn</td><td>Iwaidja</td><td><h6>Official Language of the Iwaidja People (Tribe), Croker Island and the Cobourg Peninsula, Western Amhemland, Northern Territory, Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aijuma; aiyuma; alamuda; mama:wura; mamura</td><td>Anindilyakwa </td><td><h6>Enindhilyagwa (also Anindilyakwa) is an Australian aboriginal language spoken by the Warnindhilyagwa people on Groote Eylandt in the Gulf of Carpentaria in Northern Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aiyuma; mamura</td><td>Ingura</td><td><h6>in the North of Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>goeyga</td><td>Kala Lagaw Ya</td><td><h6>Official language of the Kalaw Lagaw Ya People (Tribe), Torres Strait Islands (Saibai Island, Badu Island, Mabuaiq Island, etc.), Queensland, Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>juru</td><td>Thalanyji</td><td><h6>Thalanyji country is traditionally located around the Ashburton River and Onslow areas (Australia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>juru</td><td> Jiwarli</td><td><h6>The language of the aborigines of the North-Western Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yagarangu; juru; juri</td><td> Burduna</td><td><h6>The language of the aborigines of the North-Western Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yiminga; pukw~i</td><td>Tiwi </td><td><h6>Tiwi [ti:wi] is an Australian aboriginal language spoken on the Tiwi Islands, within sight of the coast of Northern Australia. It is one of about 10% of Australian languages still being learned by children.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yarnta; yarnda</td><td>Ngarluma</td><td><h6>The North-West Australian aboriginal language (Ngarluma tribe, about 30 speakers of the language)(West Pilbara Region)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yaraai</td><td>Gamilaraay (Kamilaroi)</td><td> <h6> Australian aboriginal language which was spoken over a vast area of North-central New South Wales when Europeans began colonising.</h6> </td> </tr><tr><td>yarnta</td><td>Nyamal</td><td><h6>The North-West Australian aboriginal language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yaal(*)</td><td>Ulithian</td><td><h6>(Oceanic; Austronesian; Australia and Oceania) Ulithian is the name of the language spoken on Ulithi atoll and neighboring islands. Micronezia .</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gundung</td><td>Gunwinggu </td><td><h6>Kunwinjku (or Gunwinjgu), also known as Bininj Gunwok or Mayali, is an Australian aboriginal language in Northern Australia. Speakers live primarily in western Arnhem Land.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gunduN</td><td>Gunwinggu Gun Djeihmi</td><td><h6>The language of the Australian aboriginal tribe</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kunduN</td><td>Gunwinggu Kunwinjku</td><td><h6>The language of the Australian aboriginal tribe</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kundy~arala</td><td>Gunwinggu Kuninjku</td><td><h6>The language of the Australian aboriginal tribe</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mughaling</td><td>Mangerr</td><td><h6>The language of Australian aborigines of the Giimbiyu tribe (Northern Australia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yhi (*)</td><td>Eulayhi </td><td><h6>The Australian aboriginal language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yuundu</td><td>Adnyamathanha</td><td><h6>The language of the tribe of Australian aborigines (*). (Pama-Nyungan; Australian)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gira</td><td>Kabi</td><td><h6>Kabi Kabi (Gubbi Gubbi) are an Aboriginal language group of South East Queensland, Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gari</td><td>Bayali</td><td><h6>Bayali (Biyali, Baiali) is an extinct language of Queensland in Australia, spoken in the Rockhampton area</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gari</td><td>Warungu</td><td><h6>Warrongo (or War(r)ungu) is an Australian Aboriginal language. It was formerly spoken by the Warrongo people in the area around Townsville, Queensland, Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gari</td><td>Wirri</td><td><h6>(or Biri) an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of Queensland.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>garri</td><td>Ngadjon</td><td><h6>Official Language of the Ngadjonji People (Tribe), Atherton Tablelands, Eastern Highlands, Far North Queensland, Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gari</td><td>Gangulu</td><td><h6>East Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gar</td><td>Anor</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gar</td><td>Tanggu</td><td><h6>Tanggu (Tangu, Tanggum) is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gara (kara)</td><td>Yeletnye</td><td><h6>the language at Rossel Island (South-East from Papua New Guinea)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ganir; gari; ga5mira (gaynmira)</td><td>Biri (Birri)</td><td><h6>the North-Eastern seashore of Australia (Queensland)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gawara</td><td>Bunaba </td><td><h6>Bunuba (Bunaba, Punuba, Punapa) is an Australian aboriginal language spoken by some 160 older adults, most of whom live in or near Fitzroy Crossing in Western Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>garaN; karong</td><td>Badimaya</td><td><h6>an Australian Aboriginal language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alg; alga; algerar; alka; rarb</td><td>Baadi (Baardi, Badi, Bard, Bardi, Jawi)</td><td><h6>a moribund Australian Aboriginal language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>algar</td><td>Djawi</td><td><h6>the North-Western seashore of Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rarb</td><td>Inland Karajarri</td><td><h6>Australia (Pilbara)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mayu; muyu</td><td>Arabana</td><td><h6>Pama-Nyungan; Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>muyu</td><td>Wangganguru</td><td><h6>an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of the Pama-Nyungan family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>miya</td><td>Yalarnnga</td><td><h6>Yalarnnga (also Jalarnnga, Yalarrnnga, or Yalanga) is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of the Pama-Nyungan family, that may be related to the Kalkatungu language. It was formerly spoken in areas near the town of Dajarra, in far Northwestern Queensland.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>muda</td><td>Gunwinggu Kune</td><td><h6>The language of the Australian aboriginal tribe</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>muda</td><td>Rainbarngo</td><td><h6>The Rembarrnga, otherwise known as the Rembarunga, are an indigenous Australian people of the Northern Territory.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>muda; ŋal-benbe</td><td>Bininj Gun-Wok-Kune</td><td><h6>Gunwinygic; Australian; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>muwarn, mowan (muwan)</td><td>Maung</td><td><h6>Official Language of the Maung People (Tribe), Warruwi (Goulburn island) and on the North-west coast of Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mowa</td><td>Meax</td><td><h6>Meax (Meyah) is a Papuan language on the North coast of Papua, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>libir</td><td>Garawa</td><td><h6>The Northern Australia aboriginal language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>linNa</td><td>Aranda (Arunta), Lower Southern</td><td><h6>(Australia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>linNa</td><td>Southern Aranda</td><td><h6>Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alinNa</td><td>Lower Aranda</td><td><h6>(Australia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>linna**; nkina**</td><td>Aranda</td><td><h6>(Australia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lun; lu5</td><td>Inland Lamalama</td><td><h6>Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lun</td><td>Coastal Lamalama</td><td><h6>Lamu-Lamu (Lama-Lama), also known by the clan name Mba Rumbathama, is a Paman language of Queensland, Australia. Lamalama is one of four languages once spoken by the Lamalama people, the others being Morrobalama, Rimanggudinhma, and Umpithamu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ath~i3</td><td>Kuku-Mini</td><td><h6>an Australian Aboriginal language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ath~i3</td><td>Aghu Tharrnggala</td><td><h6>Aghu Tharrnggala is an extinct Paman language of the Cape York Peninsula in Queensland, Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>larNai</td><td>Dhay'yi</td><td><h6>Northern Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>larNai (larNgai)</td><td>Dalwongo</td><td><h6>the language of the tribe in the northern seashore of Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nai; nate </td><td>Ipili</td><td><h6>Ipili is a language of the East New Guinea Highlands in Enga Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nai; yapena</td><td>Lembena</td><td><h6>Lembena, also known as Lembena Pii, Nanimba Pii, Uyalipa Pii, or Wapi Pii, is an Engan language spoken in Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nai</td><td>Maibi</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ina</td><td>Mum</td><td><h6>Mum, or Katiati, is a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ina</td><td>Pondoma</td><td><h6>(or - Anam) Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ninaf</td><td>Elseng</td><td><h6>Elseng (Morwap) is a poorly documented Papuan language spoken by about 300 people (in 1991) in the Indonesian province of Papua.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ninaf</td><td>Sawa</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wanga; wulnan</td><td>Djamindjung</td><td><h6>Jaminjung is Australian language spoken around the Victoria River in the Northern Territory of Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>walg</td><td>Dyaberdyaber</td><td><h6>Western Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ulnan gigan**; wangu</td><td>Ngaliwuru</td><td><h6>an Australian language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>warawaru; wawara</td><td>Djeebbana</td><td><h6>Ndjebbana, also known as Djeebbana, Kunibidji, Gunavidji, Gunivugi, or Gombudj, is a Burarran language spoken by the Kunibidji people of North-central Arnhem Land, Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mowe</td><td>Jawony</td><td><h6>Jawoyn (Jawonj, Jawany, Djauan, Jawan; Adowen, Gun-djawan), or Kumertuo, is an endangered Gunwinyguan language spoken by elders in Arnhem Land, Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>4awiNi</td><td>Madhi Madhi</td><td><h6>Madhi-Madhi (Muthimuthi; Madimadi) is an indigenous Australian language spoken by the Muthi Muthi Aboriginal people of New South Wales.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yuku</td><td>Kurnu</td><td><h6>the language of the tribe in Australia (New South Wales).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yuku</td><td>Darling</td><td><h6>Australian Aboriginal language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yuku</td><td>Badjirri</td><td><h6>Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yuku; nanta</td><td>Malyangapa (Maljangapa)</td><td><h6>Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yookoo; yugu</td><td>Bandjigali</td><td><h6>The Darling language, or Paakantyi (Baagandji), is a nearly extinct Australian Aboriginal language spoken along the Darling River in New South Wales</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dh~unuwi</td><td>Dyangadi</td><td><h6>Dyangadi is a possible small family of extinct or nearly extinct Australian Aboriginal languages of New South Wales</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dh~udu </td><td>Gunya</td><td><h6>Pama-Nyungan; Australian; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>buNan</td><td>Dyaabugay</td><td><h6>Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>buNan</td><td>Yidiny</td><td><h6>Yidiny is a nearly extinct Australian Aboriginal language, spoken by the Yidinji people of North-east Queensland.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bin</td><td>Yanango</td><td><h6>Northern Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taribir</td><td>Djinba</td><td><h6>Djinba is an Australian Aboriginal Yolŋu language, spoken in Australia's Northern Territory.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gabolbir</td><td>Gaagudju</td><td><h6>Gaagudju; Australian; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>darigi; gadepa</td><td>Gogodala</td><td><h6>Gogodala; Gogodala-Suki; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gadepa</td><td>Gogodala Ari</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kadepa</td><td>Gogodala-Adiba</td><td><h6>Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kadepa</td><td>Gogodala—Gaima</td><td><h6>Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kadepa</td><td>Gogodala—Girara</td><td><h6>Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kadepa</td><td>Waruna</td><td><h6>The Waruna language is a Papuan language of the New Guinea, spoken in a bend of the Fly River.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hegera (kadepa); daigi</td><td>Tabo</td><td><h6>Tabo (or Waia) is a language of the proposed Trans-Fly – Bulaka River family in the Western Province of Papua New Guinea, just North of the Fly River delta.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>karege</td><td>Kol</td><td><h6>The Kol language is a language spoken in eastern New Britain island, Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ginmaŋ </td><td>Gureng Gureng</td><td><h6>Pama-Nyungan; Australian; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>marawaibai**; wunaru</td><td>Alawa </td><td><h6>Maran; Australian</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wuNar</td><td>Koko Yalandji</td><td><h6>in the North of Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wuNar</td><td>Kuku-Yalanji</td><td><h6>Pama-Nyungan; Australian; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wuNa</td><td>Uradhi </td><td><h6>Urradhi is a Paman language of the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia, there are three dialects: Atampaya, Angkamuthi, Yadhaykenu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>axirka; inkina**</td><td>Alyawarr (Alyawarra)</td><td><h6>Pama-Nyungan; Australian; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>manid'**</td><td>Amurdak </td><td><h6>Amurdag (also Amurag, Amarag, Wureidbug) is an Indigenous Australian language historically spoken in the Northern Territory of Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Nawa5</td><td>Woiwurrung</td><td><h6>Pama-Nyungan; Australian; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>banal</td><td>Darrkinyung</td><td><h6>an Australian Aboriginal language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>th~irN</td><td>Warrnambool</td><td><h6>Pama-Nyungan; Australian; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>biggee</td><td>Turrubal</td><td><h6>Turrubal (Turubul), also known as Yagara (Jagara), is an extinct language of Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bigi</td><td>Gowar</td><td><h6>Gowar is an extinct language of Australia. Other spellings are Goowar, Gooar, Guar, Gowr-burra; other names Ngugi (Mugee, Wogee, Gnoogee)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nawayu</td><td>Dhudhuroa</td><td><h6>Dhudhuroa is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of North-eastern Victoria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nunk</td><td>Yitha</td><td><h6>Yitha-Yitha is a moribund language of Southern South Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lechie</td><td>Ngayawung</td><td><h6>Ngayawung (Ngaiawong) in an extinct language of Southern South Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ba:ndil</td><td>Kuluwarrang</td><td><h6>an Australian Aboriginal language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ba:ndil; malalal</td><td>Kitja</td><td><h6>Djeragan; Australian; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pan; anc~</td><td>Melpa</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pane</td><td>Fore</td><td><h6>a Kainantu-Goroka language spoken in the Goroka District of Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pani</td><td>Imbongu</td><td><h6>New Guinea. Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>panonpoe</td><td>Sundanese</td><td><h6>Sundanese is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken by the Sundanese. It has approximately 39 million native speakers in the western third of Java (Indonesia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>panti</td><td>Marithiyel</td><td><h6>Marrithiyel (Marithiel, Maridhiel, Maridhiyel), also known as Berringen (Bringen, Brinken) is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken by the Marrithiyal people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>panti</td><td>Marengar</td><td><h6>an aboriginal language in the North of Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>panti</td><td>Marityaben</td><td><h6>an aboriginal language in the North of Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>panti</td><td>Maridan</td><td><h6>an aboriginal language in the North of Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>panti</td><td>Marriammu</td><td><h6>in the North of Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>panti</td><td>Maramanadji</td><td><h6>an aboriginal language in the North of Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>banda; bandul</td><td>Walgi</td><td><h6>an Australian Aboriginal language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>guwin; kun**</td><td>Dharruk</td><td><h6>The Sydney language, also referred to as Darug or Iyora (Eora), is an Australian Aboriginal language of the Yuin–Kuric group that is spoken in the region of Sydney, New South Wales.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>guwiN</td><td>Sydney</td><td><h6>The Sydney Language, also referred to as Dharug or Iyora, is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language that was spoken in the region of Sydney, New South Wales.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bakara5; nawa</td><td>Dyirringany</td><td><h6>Dyirringany (Djiringanj) is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of New South Wales.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bakara5; mamaT</td><td>Camberra Language</td><td><h6>Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mamaT; jaua**</td><td>Ngarigu</td><td><h6>Ngarigo (Ngarigu) is a nearly extinct Australian Aboriginal language, the traditional language of the Ngarigo people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mamaT; nawiyu</td><td>Omeo</td><td><h6>South-eastern Australia (Melbourne)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wi5ubakara5; winya</td><td>Ngunawal</td><td><h6>Ngunnawal or Gundungurra is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language, the traditional language of the Ngunnawal and Gandangara peoples.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bakara55; nawa</td><td>Jiringayn</td><td><h6>Southeastern seacoast of Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>komaru; ra</td><td>Maori</td><td><h6>the language of New Zealand aborigines.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>homare</td><td>Aheave</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>omar</td><td>Demta</td><td><h6>Demta, also known as Sowari and Muris, is a Papuan language on the North coast of Papua, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>omar</td><td>Demta-Ambora</td><td><h6>a Papuan language on the North coast of Papua, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>omar</td><td>Demta-Muris</td><td><h6>a Papuan language on the North coast of Papua, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wi5u</td><td>Gundungurra</td><td><h6>Ngunnawal or Gundungurra is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language, the traditional language of the Ngunnawal and Gandangara peoples.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wi5u</td><td>Gandangara</td><td><h6>at the eastern seashore of Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wi (wui)</td><td>Wargamay</td><td><h6>Warrgamay is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of Northeast Queensland.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nawi</td><td>Thawa</td><td><h6>Thawa (Thaua, Dhawa, Thauaira) is a nearly extinct Australian Aboriginal language of New South Wales</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>turu**</td><td>Guwa</td><td><h6>Guwa (Goa) is an extinct and nearly unattested Australian Aboriginal language of Queensland.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rumaɹa</td><td>Dyugun</td><td><h6>Djugun (or Jukun) is an Australian Aboriginal language of Western Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cuɹu</td><td>Djiwarli</td><td><h6>Djiwarli (also spelt Jiwarli, Tjiwarli) is an Australian Aboriginal language formerly spoken in Western Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cuɹu</td><td>Kanyara</td><td><h6>The Kanyara languages are a pair of closely related languages in the Southern Pilbara region of Western Australia. The languages classified as members of the Kanyara languages group are: Burduna (Bayungu). Dhalanyji (Binigura).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cuɹu</td><td>SW_Kanyara</td><td><h6>The Kanyara languages are a pair of closely related languages in the Southern Pilbara region of Western Australia. The languages classified as members of the Kanyara languages group are: Burduna (Bayungu). Dhalanyji (Binigura).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cuɹu</td><td>Mantharta</td><td><h6>Mantharta is a possibly extinct dialect cluster spoken in the Southern Pilbara region of Western Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kalka </td><td>Ngamini</td><td><h6>Ngamini is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>karaNu</td><td>Wajarri</td><td><h6>Wajarri is a moribund Australian Aboriginal language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kayik</td><td>Pungupungu</td><td><h6>Kandjerramalh, also known as Pungupungu and Kuwema, is an Australian Aboriginal language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kayik</td><td>Wadjiginy </td><td><h6>Wadjiginy, also known as Wagaydy and Batjamalh, is an Australian Aboriginal language. </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kilyir</td><td>Warumungu</td><td><h6>The Warumungu (or Warramunga) language is spoken by the Warumungu people in Australia's Northern Territory.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cintu; ŋe:lir</td><td>Kukatja</td><td><h6>Australian</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cintu</td><td>Wangkajunga</td><td><h6>Wangkatjunga (or Wangkajunga) is a dialect of the Western Desert dialect group in Western Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cindu</td><td>Tjalkadjara</td><td><h6>Australian aboriginal language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cindu</td><td>Waljen</td><td><h6>Australian aboriginal language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cundu</td><td>Karlamayi</td><td><h6>a language of Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dintu (tindo)</td><td>Narungga</td><td><h6>Narangga (also Narungga) is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language formerly spoken by the Narungga people in Yorke Peninsula, South Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tindo</td><td>Kaurna</td><td><h6>an aboriginal language in the Southern Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dindo</td><td>Nugunu Australia</td><td><h6>an aboriginal language in South Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kun-duŋ</td><td>Kuninjku</td><td><h6>Kunwinjku (Gunwinggu or Gunwinjgu), also known by the cover term Bininj Gunwok or Mayali, is an Australian Aboriginal language in Northern Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gun-duŋ</td><td>Gun-Djeihmi</td><td><h6>Northern Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gun-duŋ</td><td>Manyallaluk Mayali</td><td><h6>an Australian Aboriginal language in Northern Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kunda; winbinbi</td><td>Pallanganmiddang</td><td><h6>Pallanganmiddang (Balangamida) is an extinct aboriginal language of the Upper Murray region of the North east of Victoria (Australia).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jintu; jirirpi </td><td>Wangka Wiru</td><td><h6>Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jirntu; nyilpa</td><td>Putijarra</td><td><h6>an Australian aboriginal language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jirntu; tint~u</td><td>Mantjiltjara</td><td><h6>An Australian Aboriginal language of the Western Desert</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jirntu</td><td>Yulparija</td><td><h6>West-North Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jirntu</td><td>Manyjilyjarra</td><td><h6>The North-West Australian aboriginal language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jirntu</td><td>Martu Wangka</td><td><h6>The North-West Australian aboriginal language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jirntu; juwanpa; karrpu; yanta; yarnta</td><td>Nyiyaparli</td><td><h6>Nyiyaparli country is traditionally located to the south of the town of Marble Bar, and includes the area around the town of Newman and the pastoral stations of Roy Hill, Balfour Downs, Ethel Creek and others (Australia).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yuntu</td><td>Adynyamathanha</td><td><h6>Adnyamathanha (or Yura Ngarwala) is an Australian Aboriginal language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>karpu; yanta</td><td>Panytyima</td><td><h6>Panyjima is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken in the Hamersley Range, in the Pilbara region of Western Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tjirntu</td><td>Ngaanyatjarra</td><td><h6>Pama-Nyungan; Australian; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ji:la</td><td>Bunara</td><td><h6>a language of North-Western Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>karrpu; jirntu</td><td>Yulparija</td><td><h6>Yulparija is of the ‘Wati’ language family and therefore is related to the languages of the desert areas such as Warnman, Kartujarra, Manyjilyjarra, Kukatja, Nyiyaparli, Wangkajunga, Pitjantjatjara etc. Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>karrpu; jirrururnpa</td><td>Warnman</td><td><h6>Warnman is a Pama-Nyungan language belonging to the Nyungic South-West Group. It is one of the Wati subgroup related to the Western Desert aboriginal languages (Australia).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>karrpu; janyja</td><td>Nyangumarta</td><td><h6>The Nyangumarta people originally came from the western side of the Great Sandy Desert. Australia. Nowadays they are living at the Northwestern seashore of Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cintu**; karpu**; yura</td><td>Ngayarta</td><td><h6>The Ngayarda (Ngayarta) languages are a group of closely related languages in the Pilbara region of Western Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jirndal</td><td>Bayungu</td><td><h6>The North-West Australian Aboriginal language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yarnd~a (yura)</td><td>Ngalooma</td><td><h6>Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yura</td><td>Yindjibarndi</td><td><h6>Yinjibarndi is a Pama–Nyungan language spoken by the Yindjibarndi people of the Pilbara region in North-western Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yiri; yira</td><td>Wiradhuri</td><td><h6>Wiradjuri (Wiradjuri). It is the traditional language of the Wiradjuri people of Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yurno</td><td>Banggarla</td><td><h6>Pama-Nyungan; Australian; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yurNa</td><td>Yorta Yorta</td><td><h6>spoken by the Yorta Yorta people, Indigenous Australians from the junction of the Goulburn and Murray Rivers in present-day Northeast Victoria.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jie</td><td>Asmat, North </td><td><h6>(a.k.a. Keenok). Trans-New Guinea; Asia </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>je7</td><td>Xiyun Wa</td><td><h6>the south of China</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ji.4</td><td>Zhenfeng-Gelao</td><td><h6>Southern China and Northern Vietnam.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jo; zu7</td><td>Dhammai</td><td><h6>Northeastern India (Himalayas)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tanam (zaw tanam)</td><td>Citak</td><td><h6>Trans-New Guinea, Asmat-Kamoro, Asmat</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>asire</td><td>Kamberau</td><td><h6>Trans-New Guinea, Asmat-Kamoro, Sabakor</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>asira</td><td>Buruwai</td><td><h6>Trans-New Guinea, Asmat-Kamoro, Sabakor</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ey</td><td>Abau</td><td><h6>Sepik-Ramu family: Upper Sepik group. Northern Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ipi-'o</td><td>Angaataha</td><td><h6>(Angaatiya, Angaataha; Angaatiha) A language of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>egnimilo; hebut</td><td>Taensa</td><td><h6>The Taensa language was the Natchez language-variant spoken by the Taensa people originally of Northeastern Louisiana</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>loina</td><td>N Tasman</td><td><h6>The Tasmanian or Palawa languages were the languages indigenous to the island of Tasmania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>low</td><td>Bantik</td><td><h6>Sangiric; Austronesian; Asia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>low</td><td>Ratahan</td><td><h6>Ratahan is an Austronesian language of Northern Sulawesi, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lou</td><td>Wiru</td><td><h6>Wiru or Witu is the language spoken by the Wiru people of Ialibu-Pangia District of the Southern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bin</td><td>Yan-nhanu (Yan-nhaŋu), (Yanango)</td><td><h6> The Northern Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>daykun</td><td>Djambarpuyngu</td><td><h6>Northern Australia </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alir</td><td>Nunggubuyu</td><td><h6>Nunggubuyu, Wubuy or Yingkwira is an Australian Aboriginal language, the traditional language of the Nunggubuyu people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>arta</td><td>Parimankutinma</td><td><h6>an extinct dialect of Queensland, Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bandeN (bandiŋ)</td><td>Miriwung</td><td><h6>Miriwoong (Miriwung) is an Australian Indigenous language which today has fewer than 20 fluent speakers, most of whom live in or near Kununurra in Western Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dalira; lallirra</td><td>Laragiya</td><td><h6>The Laragiya language (Larrakia), also known as Gulumirrgin, is an Australian language isolate spoken by just six people near the city of Darwin in Northern Australia as of 1983.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>driTi</td><td>Yandruwandha</td><td><h6>Yandruwandha is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of the Pama-Nyungan family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dula; budira</td><td>Nyawaygi</td><td><h6>Nyawaygi (Nawagi) is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language that was spoken Northeast Queensland, on the east coast of Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dy~anan; dy~uru</td><td>Wuliwuli</td><td><h6>Wuliwuli is an extinct language of Queensland in Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dy~irndu</td><td>Wirangu</td><td><h6>The Wirangu language is a moribund Australian Aboriginal language traditionally spoken by the Wirangu people, living on the west coast of South Australia across a region encompassing modern Ceduna and Streaky Bay, stretching west approximately to the head of the Great Australian Bight and east to Lake Gairdner.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dy~ugan; wingin</td><td>Worimi</td><td><h6>Worimi, or Gadjang (also spelt Kattang, Kutthung, Gadhang, Gadang, Gathang) is an Australian Aboriginal language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>8awan</td><td>Wik Mungkan</td><td><h6>Wik-Mungkan, or Wik-Mungknh, is a Paman language spoken on the Northern part of Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia, by the Wik-Mungkan people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>e8a</td><td>Umbuykamu</td><td><h6>Northern Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gaɲwar (ganwar)</td><td>Mangarayi</td><td><h6>Mangarayi (Manggarrai, Mungerry, Ngarrabadji) is an Australian language spoken in the Northern Territory.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>itwerne; lernnge</td><td>Western Arrernte</td><td><h6>the Alice Springs region in Central Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mapal</td><td>Ngarla</td><td><h6>Western Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>maraNi5a; windi5e; maraNgi5e</td><td>Unggumi</td><td><h6>The Unggumi, also written Ongkomi, are an indigenous Australian people of the Kimberley region of Western Australian.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mawa5ir</td><td>Ngandi </td><td><h6>Ngandi is a moribund Australian Aboriginal language of the Wilton River, Northern Territory.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mila</td><td>Punthamara</td><td><h6>The Punthamara were an indigenous Australian people of the state of Queensland.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nabena</td><td>Nakara</td><td><h6>Nakkara (Nakara) is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken by the Nagara people of Arnhemland. It is also spelled Nakara or Nagara and also called Kokori.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Noyon; ŋayan</td><td>Gumbaynggir</td><td><h6>Gumbaynggir language (also spelled Gumbaingari, Kumbainggar, Kumbaingeri, Gambalamam, and also called Baanbay) is an Australian Aboriginal language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Nk~i5a</td><td>Akara</td><td><h6>Central Australia </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>NuNa; tina</td><td>Murrinh Patha</td><td><h6>an Australian Aboriginal language in the North of Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>maniNgani; Nurun</td><td>Wardaman</td><td><h6>Wardaman is an Australian Aboriginal language. It is one of the Northern non-Pama-Nyungan languages.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nura</td><td>Nganyaywana </td><td><h6>Nganyaywana is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of New South Wales.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Nurun</td><td>Yangman</td><td><h6>an Australian Aboriginal language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Nurun</td><td>Wagiman</td><td><h6>Wagiman (also spelled Wageman, Wakiman, Wogeman, Wakaman) is a near-extinct indigenous Australian language spoken by fewer than 10 people in and around Pine Creek, in the Katherine Region of the Northern Territory.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Nwa</td><td>Mpakwithi Anguthimri</td><td><h6>Anguthimri is an extinct Paman language formerly spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia, by the Anguthimri people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ma4d~ara</td><td>Ngawun</td><td><h6>Ngawun is an extinct Mayi language once spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia, by the Ngawun people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>piɲcamu; wunnaga</td><td>Kalkatungu</td><td><h6>Kalkatungu (also written Kalkutungu, Galgadungu, Kalkutung, Kalkadoon, Galgaduun) is an xtinct Australian Aboriginal language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pi5dy$amu; ma4d~ara</td><td>Maykulan</td><td><h6>(a.k.a. Mayi Yapi)in the North of Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pumata</td><td>Warluwara</td><td><h6>Warluwara is a moribund Australian Aboriginal language of Queensland</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>puraNu</td><td>Walmajarri</td><td><h6>Walmajarri (many other names) is a Pama-Nyungan language spoken in Western Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rumara</td><td>Yawuru</td><td><h6>Yawuru is a Western Nyulnyulan language spoken on the coast south of Broome in Western Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>th~uni; dh~uni</td><td>Wangaaybuwan Ngiyambaa</td><td><h6>(or - Wayilwan) Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>th~uri; warXu</td><td>Nhanda</td><td><h6>Nhanda, also known as Nhanta and Nhandi is an Australian Aboriginal language from the Midwest region of Western Australia, between Geraldton and the Murchison River, from the coast to about 20 kilometres (12 mi) inland.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ty~intu</td><td>Kokata</td><td><h6>Alternate names: Gugada, Kokata, Kokatha, Kokitta, Koocatho, Koogurda, Kugurda, Kukata, Madutara, Maduwonga, Wanggamadu, Wongamardu. South Australia. 19 speakers only.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ty~intu</td><td>Yankunytjatjara</td><td><h6>Yankunytjatjara (also Yankuntatjara, Jangkundjara, Kulpantja) is an Australian Aboriginal language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ty~irirpi; ty~intu</td><td>Pitjantjatjara Yankuntjatjara</td><td><h6>Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uba (ubwa; waba); inki</td><td>Wulguru</td><td><h6>Wulguru, or Manbara, is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language that was spoken around the area around present day Townsville, Queensland, on the east coast of Australia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ugNa</td><td>Kunjen</td><td><h6>Kunjen, or Uw, is a Paman language spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>daykun</td><td>Djambarpuyngu</td><td><h6>Northern Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>deli</td><td>Larrakia</td><td><h6>in the North of Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ganag</td><td>Gunbalang Warlang</td><td><h6>Northern Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gayaraNa</td><td>Gudanji</td><td><h6>Northern Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>indy~eheywey</td><td>Erre</td><td><h6>in the North of Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>indy~eheywey</td><td>Urningangg</td><td><h6>(Urningangga) an extinct Aboriginal Australian language (Northern Australia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ka5mer</td><td>Manda</td><td><h6>in the North of Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kamb~a</td><td>Mayi Thakurti</td><td><h6>in the North of Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kampal</td><td>Kuuku Yau</td><td><h6>in the North of Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>karuwu</td><td>Kurrama</td><td><h6>in the West of Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lim</td><td>Meriam</td><td><h6>the island in the North of Australia (in Torres Strait)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aNor</td><td>Mbabaram</td><td><h6>Northern-Eastern Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>maroN (maruNu)</td><td>Gunin Kwini</td><td><h6>Northern Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mErEr</td><td>Matngala</td><td><h6>in the North of Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>modE; wElir</td><td>Buan</td><td><h6>Northern Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Nalan</td><td>Gugu Bujun</td><td><h6>Northern Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Nuwim</td><td>Duungidjawu</td><td><h6>the language of the tribe of a island near east shore of Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pen</td><td>Kamor</td><td><h6>in the North of Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>puNa</td><td>Kuku Uwanh</td><td><h6>in the North of Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>th~iraN; karu</td><td>Bunganditj</td><td><h6>the language of the tribe in the South-eastern Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>y3r3r</td><td>Yunggor</td><td><h6>an indigenous Australian people of the Northern Territory</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yakaraNu</td><td>Martuthunira</td><td><h6>Northern-western seashore of Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>el</td><td>Aulua </td><td><h6>Oceanic; Austronesian; Australia & Oceania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lea</td><td>Hukumina</td><td><h6>Hukumina is an extinct and unclassified Austronesian language recently spoken in the Northwest of Buru Island in the Moluccas of eastern Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>le7amata7i</td><td>Haruku</td><td><h6>Haruku is an Austronesian spoken on Haruku Island, just east of Ambon Island in eastern Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>leamatai</td><td>Pelauw Haruku</td><td><h6>Haruku is an Austronesian spoken on Haruku Island just east of Ambon Island in eastern Indonesia part of a dialect chain around Seram Island. Each of the villages Hulaliu Pelauw Kailolo and Rohomoni is said to have its own dialect.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>liamatai</td><td>Asilulu Lima Rumahsosal Nuwetetu</td><td><h6>Asilulu is an Austronesian of Ambon Island in the Mulukus, with some speakers on west Seram. It's a local trade language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>liamatai</td><td>Asilulu Lima Waraka</td><td><h6>an Austronesian language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>leamatai</td><td>Sapolewa-Soow-Kwele-Ului-Seram</td><td><h6>Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>diamata</td><td>Wakasihu</td><td><h6>an Austronesian language of Ambon Island in the Maluku Islands</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>(???)</td><td>Buli (in Indonesia)</td><td><h6>Buli is an Austronesian language of southern Halmahera (North Maluku), Indonesia.</h6></td>  </tr><tr><td>pit</td><td>Kungarakany</td><td><h6>Kungarakany (Gunerakan, Gungaragan, Gungarakanj, Kangarraga, Kungarakan) is an extinct Australian language spoken in the Northern Territory.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>piterina**; tegura</td><td>NE Tasman</td><td><h6>the island of Tasmania (Australia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>palla-nubrana:</td><td>SE Tasman</td><td><h6>the island of Tasmania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nabagi:na</td><td> W Tasman</td><td><h6>Extinct language at the island of Tasmania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aherke</td><td>Kaytetye</td><td><h6>Kaytetye (Kaititj) is an Australian Aboriginal language of central Northern Territory.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>airka</td><td>Anmatyerre</td><td><h6>(a.k.a. Anmatjirra, Anmatjera) the language of the tribe in the Central Australia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ka*mi*a*</td><td>Xaracuu</td><td><h6>Oceanic; Austronesian; New Caledonia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ke</td><td>Arop-Lokep</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea, the Bismarck arhipelago.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>habgo7</td><td>Ivori</td><td><h6>Papua New Guinea, Gulf province.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>habgw~o</td><td>Tainae</td><td><h6>Tainae is an Angan language of Papua New Guinea, Gulf province.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>thabra**</td><td>Blafe-Tonda-Mani-Waratha</td><td><h6>(a.k.a. Indorodoro, Yendorador) southern Papua New Guinea, Indorodoro village, Western Province.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>thakbarra**</td><td>Blafe-Tonda-Marer</td><td><h6>southern Papua New Guinea</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fh~ulan bara</td><td>Masiwang</td><td><h6>Masiwang (a.k.a. Bonfia) is a language at Seram island, Indonesia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ba:ndin</td><td>Gadjerawang</td><td><h6>Gadjerawang (also spelt Gajirrabeng, Gajirrawoong, Gadjerong, Gadyerong and Kajirrawung) is an Australian Aboriginal language of the Kimberley region, today known by only three or four fluent speakers.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>4a**</td><td>Colac</td><td><h6>a.k.a. Gulidjan (Coligan, Kolijon, Kolitjon, Kolakngat, Kolacgnat, Colac) South-Eastern Australia (Southern Victoria state)</h6></td>  </tr><tr><td>wonewsleg</td><td>Yurok</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in California (USA), Ritwan Language (Yurok; Algic; North America)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aquechque</td><td>Nanticoke</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in the USA, East Coast (Algonquian; Algic; North America).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nippawus</td><td>Narragansett</td><td><h6>The dead language of native americans in Rhode Island (USA)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nepauz</td><td>Wampanoag Natick</td><td><h6>Wampanoag (a.k.a. Massachusett, Pokanoket or Natick) is an Algonquian language of New England (USA)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>naguset</td><td>Mi'gmawi'simg</td><td><h6>The language of the Mi'gmaq people is spoken throughout eastern Canada in Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and Quebec.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>agathag; shinor-huk (?)</td><td>Aleut</td><td><h6>(a.k.a. Unangan) is a language of the Eskimo-Aleut language family. It is the heritage language of the Aleut people living in the Aleut Islands, Pribilof Islands, and Commander Islands (USA).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>macaq; puqlaner</td><td>Naucan Yupik language</td><td><h6>(Naucan Yupik) Eskimo branch of Eskimo-Aleut family. There are only about 100 speakers.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>macaq; akerta; puqlaner </td><td>Yupik</td><td><h6>The language of native americans of Alaska (Central Alaskan Yupik (or Yugtun) - the largest dialect is spoken by 10,000 people in Yukon River, Nelson Island, Kuskokwim River, and Bristol Bay areas.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ak3Xta; akerta</td><td>Central Yupik</td><td><h6>Eskimo; Eskimo-Aleut; (Central Alaskan Yupik) Alaska</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uqirn3X</td><td>Yupik Sirenik</td><td><h6>Sirenik Yupik, Sireniki Yupik (also Old Sirenik or Vuteen), Sirenik, or Sirenikskiy is an extinct Eskimo–Aleut language. It was spoken in and around the village of Sireniki in Chukotka Peninsula, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>macaq [machak]</td><td>Kodiak-Alutiiq</td><td><h6>The language of native americans. The Northwestern shore of America (Alaska)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nachak</td><td>Chugach-Alutiiq</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Alaska.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>siqiniq</td><td>Inupiat</td><td><h6>(Inupiatun) is a group of dialects of the Inuit language, spoken by the Inupiat people in Northern and Northwestern Alaska</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>siqiniq</td><td>Inuit</td><td><h6>The language of the Northern Canada Eskimo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>siqiniq</td><td>Inupiak (Inupiaq)</td><td><h6>Eskimo; Eskimo-Aleut; Western Alaska</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>siqiniq</td><td>Inuktitut (Quebec-Labrador)</td><td><h6>The language of native americans. Eastern Canadian Inuit language is the name of some of the Inuit languages spoken in North-Eastern Canada.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>siqin3q</td><td>Yupik (St. Lawrence Island)</td><td><h6>Eskimo; Eskimo-Aleut; North America</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>siriniq</td><td>En kalaallisut</td><td><h6>(kilaamiusut (West Greenland)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hiqiniq</td><td>Montagnais</td><td><h6>Algonquian; Algic; North America. The language of the Northern Canada Eskimo (Est Kitikmeot)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hiqiniq</td><td>Kangiryuarmiutun</td><td><h6>the transpolar Canada, East of Alyaska</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>seqineq</td><td>Greenlandic</td><td><h6>Greenlandic is an Eskimo-Aleut language spoken by 57,000 Greenlandic Inuit people in Greenland.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>siqin3q</td><td>Chaplino</td><td><h6>the language of Chaplino Eskimos (russian Far East and St. Lawrence island, USA)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>siriiq</td><td>En kalaallisut</td><td><h6>tunumiusut/tunumiisut (East Greenland)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>geLgiL; qetekel</td><td>Eyak</td><td><h6>The language of native americans of Alaska, west coast (Eyak; Na-Dene; North America)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ghagan (gugan)</td><td>Tlingit</td><td><h6>Tlingit is spoken in Southeast Alaska and Western Canada by less than 140 speakers. The language of native americans is highly endangered. Tlingit belongs to the Na-Dene language family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>qa-ka:n</td><td>Tlingit (Northern)</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Alaska, the West seashore (Tlingit; Na-Dene; Canada)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>caiwia (kaiwia)</td><td>Achagua</td><td><h6>Achagua (Achawa, Ajagua, Achugua, Xagua) is an Arawakan language of South America, spoken by about 300 people in eastern Colombia. It is closely related to the better-known Piapoco language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yaderine'i</td><td>Aikana</td><td><h6>The language of the South America aborigines (Western Brazil, near the Bolivian border), Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>keybin</td><td>Amarizana</td><td><h6>The extinct language of the South America aborigines in Amazon basin, Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>acne' (atsne'); acneT</td><td>Amuesha</td><td><h6>Amuesha is an Arawakan language of South America, spoken by 5000 people in Peru</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ahiri</td><td>Anauya</td><td><h6>The language of the South America aborigines (Southern Venezuela), Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ghamui</td><td>Kariai</td><td><h6>(Cariay) The language of native americans (in Northern Brazil, near the Venezuela border), Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ghamui</td><td>Wainuma</td><td><h6>The language of the South America aborigines (in Brazil), Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gamui</td><td>Mariate</td><td><h6>The language of the South America aborigines (in Brazil), Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gamuy</td><td>Manao</td><td><h6>The language of the South America aborigines in Brazil (Amazonas state), Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ghuma</td><td>Waraiku</td><td><h6>The language of the South America aborigines (in Brazil), Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aguma</td><td>Passe</td><td><h6>Passe is an extinct Arawakan language of South America. It was once spoken in Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gamuhu</td><td>Guinao (Guinau)</td><td><h6>The language of the South America aborigines, Arawakan language family (Venezuela)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kamuhu</td><td>Bare</td><td><h6>The language of the South America aborigines (in Northern Brazil, near the Venezuela border), Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>amoshi</td><td>Baniva</td><td><h6>The language of the South America aborigines (southwestern Venezuela), Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kamoi; amuSi</td><td>Warekena</td><td><h6>Warekena (a.k.a. Guarequena) is an Arawakan language of Brazil and Venezuela.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kamoi</td><td>Mandawaka</td><td><h6>The language of the South America aborigines in Venezuela and (earlier) in Brazil, Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kamoe</td><td>Wirina</td><td><h6>The moribund language of the aborigines in Brazil, Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kamu</td><td>Mawayana</td><td><h6>Mawayana (Mahuayana), also known as Mapidian, is a moribund Arawakan language of Guyana.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kamu</td><td>Mawakwa</td><td><h6>The language of the aborigines in Brazil and Guyana, Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kamu, caamu</td><td>Yucuna (Yukuna)</td><td><h6>The language of the South America aborigines (southern Colombia), Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kamu (kamo)</td><td>Wapixana</td><td><h6>Wapishana (Wapixana) is an Arawakan language of Guyana and Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kami</td><td>Yawalapiti</td><td><h6>Yawalapiti (Jaulapiti) is an Arawakan language of Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kami</td><td>Waura</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Central region of Brazil, Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kami</td><td>Waiwai</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Brazil, at the border with Gayana Cariban language family, Northern Cariban</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fakami7</td><td>Oro Win</td><td><h6>Oro Win is a moribund Chapacuran language spoken along the upper stretches of the Pacaas Novos River in Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>echarkun (ehcerekun)</td><td>Enepa (Panare)</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, spoken in the central region of Venezuela (Bolivar state). Caribbean language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>katun</td><td>Mapoyo</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Venezuela, Caribbean language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hamu*i*</td><td>Rikbaktsa</td><td><h6>The Rikbaktsa language, also spelled Aripaktsa, Erikbatsa, Erikpatsa and known ambiguously as Canoeiro, is a language spoken by the Rikbaktsa people of the Mato Grosso, Brazil</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kamui (kamoi)</td><td>Palikur</td><td><h6>The language of the South America aborigines in Northern Brazil, Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kamui</td><td>Carutana</td><td><h6>The language of aborigines in Brazil, Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kamui</td><td>Uruak</td><td><h6>The language of aborigines in Brazil and Venezuela.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kumetu</td><td>Marawa</td><td><h6>The Marawa is an extinct language of Brazil, Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kamui</td><td>Marawan</td><td><h6>The Marawan is an extinct language of Brazil, Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kamui</td><td>Baniwa</td><td><h6>Northern Arawakan; Arawakan; Northern Brazilia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ghamuy</td><td>Cariay</td><td><h6>Northern Brazilia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kamai</td><td>Paresi</td><td><h6>The language of the South America aborigines in Brazil (at western region of Mato Grosso state), Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kam3m3 (kama:na)</td><td>Parukoto</td><td><h6>Other names for the Parukoto-Charuma language: Chawiyana, Faruaru, Hichkaryana, Hishkaryana, Hixkariana, Hixkaryana, Kumiyana, Parucutu, Sherewyana, Sokaka, Wabui, Xereu, Xerewyana. The language of Hishkaryana people in the Amazonas State, Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kame</td><td>Yawalpiti</td><td><h6>The language of the South America aborigines in central region of Brazil (Mato Grosso state), Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kame (kam3)</td><td>Mehinaku</td><td><h6>Mehinaku (Meinaku) is an Arawakan language spoken by the Mehinaku people of Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kame</td><td>Saraveka</td><td><h6>Saraveca is an extinct Arawakan language once spoken in Bolivia by the Sarave.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kame</td><td>Enawene Nawe</td><td><h6>Brazil, the Moto Grosso state</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hadali</td><td>Arawak</td><td><h6>The language of the South America aborigines, Arawakan language family (Haiti, Rep. Dominicana).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hadali</td><td>Lokono</td><td><h6>Suriname (South America)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hamo</td><td>Aruan</td><td><h6>The language of the South America aborigines (North-Eastern Brazil, Marajo island), Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>poreatsiri/oorya</td><td>Ashaninka/Asheninka Pajonal</td><td><h6>The language of the South America (Peru) aborigines, Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oreaciri</td><td>Campa De Perene</td><td><h6>Peru</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kacirink~aiteri; poreatsiri</td><td>Ashaninca</td><td><h6>Also - Asheninca, (a.k.a. Campa) a language from the Arawakan family. Peru, South America.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kaciri</td><td>Caquinte</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Peru (South America), Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>paba; poreatsiri</td><td>Nomatsiguenga</td><td><h6>Nomatsiguenga (Matsigenka) is an Arawakan language of Peru.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eri</td><td>Cabiyari</td><td><h6>The language of the South America aborigines in Columbia, Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eri'</td><td>Piapoco</td><td><h6>The language of the Colombia aborigines, Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ire'</td><td>Irantxe</td><td><h6>The language of the South America aborigines western Brazil near the Bolivian border, Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>heri</td><td>Curripaco</td><td><h6>The language of the South America aborigines in Columbia, near the border with Brazil, Arawakan language family (Northern Arawakan)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ayer</td><td>Xiriana</td><td><h6>The language of the South America aborigines (Brazil), Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>keri</td><td>Tariano</td><td><h6>The language of the aborigenes of Equatorial America, Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ekw~Epite keri</td><td>Tariana</td><td><h6>Tariana (also Tariano) is an endangered Maipurean (also known as Arawak) language spoken along the Vaupes River in Amazonas, Brazil by approximately 100 people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>apito</td><td>Tora</td><td><h6>Tora (Toraz) is an extinct Chapacuran language once spoken along the lower stretches of the Marmelos River in Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hena</td><td>Omurano </td><td><h6>Omurano is an unclassified language from Peru. It is also known as Humurana, Roamaina, Numurana, Umurano, and Mayna.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hena</td><td>Leco</td><td><h6>Leco, also written as Leko, is a language isolate that, though long reported to be extinct, is spoken by 20–40 individuals in areas east of Lake Titicaca, Bolivia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>caapin (hapin)</td><td>Kunza</td><td><h6>Kunza a.k.a. Cunza, also known as Likanantai, Lipe, Ulipe, or Atacameno, is an extinct language isolate once spoken in the Atacama Desert of Northern Chile.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>him (ikhim)</td><td>Lengua</td><td><h6>Lengua is spoken by around 15,000 people in Paraguay.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aknim</td><td>Sanapana Angaite</td><td><h6>Sanapana is a language of the Paraguayan Chaco. (Paraguay, South America)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aknem7~</td><td>Sanapana Enlhet</td><td><h6>Paraguay</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tahenari</td><td>Guarijio</td><td><h6>Mexico, the Chihuahua state</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rayenari</td><td>Tarahumara</td><td><h6>Mexico, the Chihuahua state</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kaki</td><td>Andaqui </td><td><h6>Andaqui (Andaki) is an extinct language from the Southern highlands of Colombia (South America).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tak</td><td>Huachipaeri</td><td><h6>(Huachipaire, Wacipaire) The language of native americans in Peru</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>koki, kiki</td><td>Jebero</td><td><h6>(a.k.a. Shiwilu) The language of native americans (Northern Peru) (Cahuapanan family)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>a7ku7</td><td>Taushiro</td><td><h6>Taushiro, a.k.a. Pinche (Pinchi) - endangered language in Peruvian Amazonia, near the Equador border.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aiyaga; ihia</td><td>Yahuna</td><td><h6>Yahuna (Yauna) is an extinct Tucanoan language of Colombia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aiyaka</td><td>Tanimuca</td><td><h6>Tanimuca, or Tanimuca-Retuara (Letuama), is a Tucanoan language of Colombia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tka-ci</td><td>Mashco Piro</td><td><h6>Mashco Puro is a Maipurean language spoken in Peru at the border with Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tkaCi</td><td>Maxineri (Machinere)</td><td><h6>The Machinere are an indigenous people of Brazil, Bolivia, and Peru (border area)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kaxi; ka-si</td><td>Munduruku</td><td><h6>Munduruki is a Tupi language spoken by 10,000 people in the Tapajуs River basin in North central Brazil</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ko</td><td>Acroa</td><td><h6>Acroa is an extinct Ge language, spoken by the Acroa people in Brazil</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iahi</td><td>Resigaro</td><td><h6>The language of the South America aborigines at the border of Peru and Colombia, Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ka'i</td><td>Wayuu</td><td><h6>The Wayuu language (Wayuu: Wayuunaiki), or Goajiro (Guajiro), is spoken by 305,000 indigenous Wayuu people in Northwestern Venezuela and Northeastern Colombia on the Guajira Peninsula. Wayuu is one of the major Arawakan languages.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kilye7</td><td>Chorote Iyowujwa</td><td><h6>Iyo'wujwa Chorote language. Iyo'wujwa (Chorote) is a Matacoan language spoken by about 2,000 people, mostly in Argentina</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>koti yonohe</td><td>Jitnu</td><td><h6>Colombia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ka'ane</td><td>Saraveca</td><td><h6>The indigenous language of aborigines in Bolivia, Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ka'muli</td><td>Yavitero</td><td><h6>Extinct language in Northwestern Brazil. Arawakan language family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kolo</td><td>Kakwa</td><td><h6>The Kakwa or Cacua language is an indigenous language spoken by a few hundred people in Colombia and Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>koxli; kol</td><td>Canichana</td><td><h6>Bolivia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kosa</td><td>Kwaza</td><td><h6>Brazil, at the border with Bolivia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kashi</td><td>Kalhipona</td><td><h6>The language of native americans at Caribian islands.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aci</td><td>Esselen</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in California (USA), Hokan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>saa</td><td>Ahtena (Ahtna)</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Athabaskan language family (the language of the Athapaskan people of the Copper river valley in southeastern Alaska)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>saa (sa:)</td><td>Mendaesde</td><td><h6>Alaska native language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>saa (sah)</td><td>Beaver</td><td><h6>Native American Language of western Canada, Athabaskan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>saa</td><td>Tanacross</td><td><h6>(Athapaskan; Na-Dene; North America) an Athabaskan language spoken by fewer than 60 persons in eastern Interior Alaska. It is extremely endangered.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>se</td><td>Tutchone</td><td><h6>Tutchone is an Athabaskan language spoken in the Yukon Territory in Canada by less than 200 speakers. It has two varieties: Southern Tutchone and Northern Tutchone (Selkirk).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sa</td><td>Denesuline</td><td><h6>Chipewyan, ethnonym Denesuline, is the language spoken by the Chipewyan people of Northwestern Canada</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sa</td><td>Babine</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in British Columbia (Canada), Athabaskan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sa</td><td>Chipewyan/Dene</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Northwestern Canada between Hudson Bay and the Rocky Mountains. Athabaskan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sa</td><td>Sekani</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in north-central British Columbia (Canada), Athabaskan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sa</td><td>Duit</td><td><h6>Duit is an extinct Chibcha language, spoken by the Muisca people of present-day Boyaca, Colombia (South America)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sa </td><td>Kaska</td><td><h6>Kaska is an Athabaskan language spoken by a few hundreds people in the southeastern Yukon Territory and Northern British Columbia in Canada.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sa; wha</td><td>Hupa</td><td><h6>(Northwestern California, USA) — Pacific Athabaskan language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Sa (shaa)</td><td>Kato (Cahto)</td><td><h6>California, USA. (Na-Dene family: Athabaskan language family)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xa:; CiNxa7</td><td>Mattole</td><td><h6>Na-Dene family: Athabaskan group, Northern California, USA.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Sa</td><td>Galice</td><td><h6>(Taldash Galice) is an extinct language in southestern area of Origon state (USA). Na-Dene family: Athabaskan group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sa:</td><td>Tanacross</td><td><h6>Na-Dene family: Athabaskan group. Alaska.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sa:</td><td>Upper Tanana (Tetlin)</td><td><h6>Na-Dene family: Athabaskan group. (Alaska, at the border with Canada).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sa</td><td>Nadleh Whut'en</td><td><h6>The Nadleh Whut'en speak a dialect of the Dakelh (Carrier) Language which is part of the Athapaskan language family. British Columbia, Canada.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sa</td><td>Central Carrier</td><td><h6>(a.k.a. Dakelh) Na-Dene family: Athabaskan group. British Columbia, Canada.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sa</td><td>Carrier</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Northern Athabaskan Languages. Western Canada.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sa</td><td>Chilcotin</td><td><h6>Atabaskan language in Western Canada</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sa</td><td>Hare</td><td><h6>Northern Canada</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sa</td><td>Mantasta Ahtena</td><td><h6>Alaska, USA</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sa</td><td>Slavey</td><td><h6>Slavey (also Slave) is an Athabaskan language spoken among the Slavey and Sahtu people of Canada in the Northwest Territories</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sa; ce*gosa</td><td>Tlicho</td><td><h6>The Dogrib language, or Tlinchon, is a Northern Athabaskan language spoken by the Tlicho (Digrib people) of the Canadian Northwest Territories (to the north of Greate Stave Lake).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sa; ghasiru</td><td>Canamari</td><td><h6>Kanamarн, or Katukina-Kanamari, is a Katukinian language spoken by about 650 individuals in Amazonas, Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Ca; βari</td><td>Catuquina</td><td><h6>an extinct language of Brazil</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Ca</td><td>Katukina</td><td><h6>in the western part of Brazil, the Amazonas state</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sa</td><td>Kanamari</td><td><h6>Brazil (upper Amazon area)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sa: (zaan)</td><td>Seri</td><td><h6>Northern Mexico. Hokan language family: Seri group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>s'aba (s7ab)</td><td>Klamath</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in the vicinity of the Klamath Lake (The Pasific coast), southern Oregon ond Nortthern Carolina states (USA). </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>shapash</td><td>???</td><td><h6>the language of native americans in South Oregon and Northern California</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>'as:a</td><td>Chimariko</td><td><h6>The Chimariko language is of the Chimariko tribe from Trinity County of Northern California</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>so:</td><td>Koyukon</td><td><h6>Na-Dene family: Athabaskan group. Alaska: Koyukuk and middle Yukon rivers.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>so</td><td>Kwinti</td><td><h6>Suriname (South America)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>so:</td><td>Koyukon</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Na-Dene family: Athabaskan group. Alaska: Koyukuk and middle Yukon rivers.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>so</td><td>Lower Tanana (Minto)</td><td><h6>Lower Tanana is an endangered language spoken in Interior Alaska in the lower Tanana River villages of Minto and Nenana.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>so</td><td>Upper Tanana (Nabesna)</td><td><h6>Upper Tanana is the Athapaskan language spoken in the Yukon by people in the Beaver Creek area</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sra</td><td>Han</td><td><h6>(Han-Kutchin or Dawson), is a nearly extinct Northern Athabaskan language which was spoken by the Han people around the Yukon River, in the area of the border between Alaska and Canada.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Sra</td><td>Kiowa Apache</td><td><h6>USA, the Oklahoma state</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sro</td><td>Dinak'i</td><td><h6>The Upper Kuskokwim language (also called Kolchan or Goltsan or Dinak'i) is an Athabaskan language of the Na-Dene language family. It is spoken by the Upper Kuskokwim people in the Upper Kuskokwim River villages of Nikolai, Telida, and McGrath, Alaska.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sree; srii'</td><td>Gwich'in (or Kutchin)</td><td><h6>An Athapaskan language spoken by the Gwich'in, who live in the Northwestern part of North America, mostly above the Arctic Circle. There are only a few hundred speakers of this language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>shaa</td><td>Mescalero Apache</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Northern California</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>shaa</td><td>Mattole</td><td><h6>The language of native Northern americans, Athabaskan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>shaa</td><td>Arikara</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Northern Dakota, Athabaskan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>shaa</td><td>Wailaki</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in northern California (USA), Athabaskan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sua</td><td>Chibcha</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Chibchan language family. (Colombia).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sua</td><td>Muisca</td><td><h6>Chibchan Proper; Chibchan; South America (Colombia).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sua</td><td>Popoloca Metzontla</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>san</td><td>Chinook Wawa</td><td><h6>USA, California</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Sex</td><td>Dothraki</td><td><h6>Los Angeles, USA</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>son; sun</td><td>Gullah</td><td><h6>Gullah (also called Geechee) is a creole language spoken by the Gullah people, an African-American population living in coastal regions of South Carolina and Georgia as well as extreme northeastern Florida and the extreme southeast of North Carolina</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>col</td><td>Achumawi</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Hokan language family (Northern Carolina, USA)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cono; co</td><td>Yuchi</td><td><h6>Yuchi (Euchee) is the language of the Cohaya people living in Oklahoma.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cun</td><td>Karaja</td><td><h6>Karaja, also known as Yna, is spoken by the Karaja people in some thirty villages in central Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>CiNxa7</td><td>Mattole</td><td><h6>USA, California state, the seacoast of Pacific ocean</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zaari</td><td>Candoshi</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in northern Peru near the Equador border. </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eSeti</td><td>Ese Ejja</td><td><h6>Tacanan; Tacanan; Northern Bolivia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Seti</td><td>Huarayo Ese Ejja</td><td><h6>Peru</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Si</td><td>Ye’kuana</td><td><h6>Ye'kuana, also known as Maquiritari or Dekwana, is the language of the Ye'kuana people of Venezuela and Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Sand~i</td><td>Arara Pano</td><td><h6>language spoken in Peru, western Brazil, and Bolivia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>shidi</td><td>Yaminawa</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in western Brazil, near Peru border. Pano-Tacanan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>isese</td><td>Paicone</td><td><h6>The language of the South America aborigines (in Bolivia), Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ese'he</td><td>Cheyenne</td><td><h6>(a.k.a. Tsetsehestaestse) This is a Plains Algonquian language spoken in USA (Montana, Oklahoma) by about 1,700 speakers only.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sha; johonaa'ei; jehonaai; chehonnaai</td><td>Navajo (Dine bizaad)</td><td><h6>The language of native americans of the USA, Athabaskan language family, the most numerous among the Athabaskan peoples. (Athapaskan; Na-Dene; North America)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Ci*gona7ai</td><td>Chiricahua</td><td><h6>the state of New Mexico, USA</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sha </td><td>Tagish</td><td><h6>A nearly extinct Northern Athabaskan language which was spoken by the Tagish people in the Yukon Territory in Canada.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sakuunu</td><td>Arikara</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Dacota state (USA), the Caddoan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sakunu</td><td>Kitsai</td><td><h6>The Kitsai (also Kichai) language is an extinct member of the Caddoan language family. It was spoken in Oklahoma by the Kichai tribe and became extinct in the 1930s.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>saku</td><td>Caddo</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, the Caddoan language family. USA, Oklahoma</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sakuru'</td><td>Pawnee (Skiri)</td><td><h6>The Pawnee language is a Caddonian language spoken by some Pawnee Native Americans now located in North central Oklahoma. Their traditional historic lands were along the Platte River in what is now Nebraska.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>saakhir'a</td><td>Wichita</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in the USA (Texas state), the Caddoan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>safini</td><td>Paumari</td><td><h6>Paumari (also Purupuru, Kurukuru, Pamari, Purupuru, Pammari, Curucuru, Palmari) is an Arauan language spoken in Brazil</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zaah (Sa7)</td><td>Seri</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in southern Mexico, Sonora state, Hokan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sak; kokoy; loc'akh~</td><td>Jicaque</td><td><h6>(Toi, Tolupan, Torupan) is a language spoken by some 300 Tolupan people in La Montana del Flor, Honduras.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tcaa</td><td>Chitimacha †</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Gulf language family. Louisiana, USA.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sas</td><td>Wintu</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Penutian language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aan</td><td>Yakama</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Penutian language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aan</td><td>Yakama Sahaptin</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Penutian language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iCu; an</td><td>Umatilla Sahaptin</td><td><h6>Umatilla is a variety of Southern Sahaptin, part of the Sahaptian subfamily of the Plateau Penutian group. It was spoken during late aboriginal times along the Columbia River.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>saCe</td><td>Ignaciano</td><td><h6>a Southern Maipuran language, belonging to the Arawakan language family (Bolivia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>saCe</td><td>Trinitario</td><td><h6>One of two major Mojo dialects in South America, spoken in Bolivia. The two major Mojo dialects, Ignaciano and Trinitario</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sache</td><td>Paunaca</td><td><h6>The language of the South America aborigines, Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sache</td><td>Mojo</td><td><h6>The language of the South America aborigines, Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uce</td><td>Dzubucua</td><td><h6>(Dzubukua), or Kiriri, is an extinct Karirian language of Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uce</td><td>Kariri</td><td><h6>the eastern part of Brazil, the Alogoas state</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>saq'e</td><td>Kekchi</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Mayan language family (the biggest language femily of the south of Mexico and Guatemala).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>saq'en</td><td>Cahabon Eastern Kekchi</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Mayan language family - (Mexico and Guatemala).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>saq'e</td><td>San Juan Chamelco Western Kekchi</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Mayan language family (Mexico and Guatemala).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sak (*)</td><td>Hokan</td><td><h6>Hypothetical superfamily on North American Indian languages uniting a number of languages and language families of the western U.S. and Mexico.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>c'ayik</td><td>Jacalteco Eastern</td><td><h6>Jacalteco (Jacaltec) is a Mayan language spoken by about 70,000 people in Guatemala and Mexico. There are two main varieties of Jacalteco: Western Jacalteco and Eastern Jacalteco.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>c'ayik</td><td>Jacaltec</td><td><h6>Guatemala</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>c'ayik</td><td>Jacalteco (Jakalteko) Western</td><td><h6>Guatemala (at the border with Mexico)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>c'e7ek; c'ek</td><td>Motozintlec (Mocho)</td><td><h6>a Mayan language of the Motozintlec people (southeastern Mexico at the border with Guatemala)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>su*ni</td><td>Mamainde</td><td><h6>Brazil</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xunu7 (xunuʔ)</td><td>Maca</td><td><h6>Maca is a Matacoan language of South America. It is spoken by around 1500 people in Paraguay.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>su7urS</td><td>Chiquitano</td><td><h6>Chiquito; Chiquito; Bolivia, South America</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Th~u5i</td><td>Chipaya</td><td><h6>Uru-Chipaya; Uru-Chipaya; Bolivia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>thu5i</td><td>Uchumataqu</td><td><h6>Uchumataqu language (a.k.a. Iru-Itu, Uru) is an extinct language, that was spoken by the Uru people (Bolivia, near the Peru border).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kusra (ku:srah)</td><td>Karuk</td><td><h6>Karuk or Karok is an endangered language of Northwestern California</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>chatagha (cat'axa)</td><td>Sarcee</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in southwestern Canada, Athabaskan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ya'dok'ya (yatakya)</td><td>Zuni</td><td><h6>The language of native americans (language isolate) in eastern Arizona (USA).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ny-i</td><td>Dena'ina</td><td><h6>The language of native americans of Alaska, west coast</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nu-yi</td><td>Upper Inlet Tanaina</td><td><h6>Na-Dene family: Athabaskan group (Alaska)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ni7-i</td><td>Outer Inlet Tanaina</td><td><h6>Na-Dene family: Athabaskan group (Alaska)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>n7u-yi</td><td>Inland Tanaina</td><td><h6>Na-Dene family: Athabaskan group (Alaska)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>n7u-yi</td><td>Illiamna Tanaina</td><td><h6>Na-Dene family: Athabaskan group (Alaska)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>juuyaay</td><td>Haida</td><td><h6>The language is spoken by the Haida, an indigenous nation of the west coast of North America (Haida Gwaii, an archipelago off the coast of British Columbia, and southeast of Alaska). The Haida language is sometimes linked to the Na-Dene family, but usually considered to be a language isolate. It is extremely endangered, with only about 150-200 living speakers.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ciquya:y; ciqaway</td><td>Haida Southern (Skidegate)</td><td><h6>Southwestern Canada.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cu:ye:</td><td>Haida Northern (Masset)</td><td><h6>British Columbia province. Canada (nearly extinct language).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>naaichete</td><td>Cooper River Kolchan</td><td><h6>The language of native americans of Alaska, west coast</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>na'a:-y</td><td>Central Ahtena (Ahtna)</td><td><h6>Na-Dene family: Athabaskan group (The North America, Alaska)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>na-ai</td><td>Cooper River Ahtna</td><td><h6>The language of native americans of Alaska, west coast</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>na’aay</td><td>Central Ahtna</td><td><h6>Alaska native language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>no’oy</td><td>Deg Xinag</td><td><h6>Spoken in United States Region Alaska (lower Yukon River, Anvik River, Innoko River)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>no’oy</td><td>Yukon Deg Xinag</td><td><h6>Alaska</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>no’oy</td><td>Kuskokwim Deg Xinag</td><td><h6>Alaska</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ghali</td><td>Clatskanie (Klatskanie)</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Washington state (USA), Athabaskan language family. Northern Athabasca.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tqal3s</td><td>Coos (Hanis)</td><td><h6>Coosan; Oregon Coast; Oregon, USA</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xwet'e</td><td>Tolowa</td><td><h6>The language of native americans at Pacific ocean seashore in the USA, Athabaskan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xashi</td><td>Tututni</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in western pert of Oregon state (USA), Athabaskan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Lukw~3L (Lukw~aL)</td><td>Puget Salish</td><td><h6>Native North American language (Washington state, USA)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Lukw~aL; skalus</td><td>Chehalis</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, the Salishan language family, (South-West Canada and the North-West USA). This family consists of 23 languages. There is no proven external links with other language families yet.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Lukw~aL</td><td>Chehalis Upper</td><td><h6>the language of indigenous people, USA, Washington state</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lukwal</td><td>Lushootseed</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, the Salishan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hluqahl (luqal)</td><td>Cowlitz</td><td><h6>The Cowlitz is a member of the Tsamosan branch of the Coast Salish family of Salishan languages. Maybe only 2 speakers currently lives in Puyallup, Washington (USA)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>luqal</td><td>Cowlitz</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, the Salishan language family. USA, Washington state.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sluqatl</td><td>Twana</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, the Salishan language family. USA, Washington state.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aldarench</td><td>Coeur d'Alene</td><td><h6>The language was spoken by only two of the 80 individuals in the Coeur d'Alene Tribe on the Coeur d'Alene Reservation in northern Idaho, United States in 1999</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kosum</td><td>Columbian</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in northern Idaho state and in eastern Washington state (USA), the Salishan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kosum </td><td>Sinkiuse</td><td><h6>The Sinkiuse Indians are a small Salishan tribe of Washington state, relatives of the Columbia Indians. They are also known as the Moses-Columbia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kosum (k'w~us3m)</td><td>Columbia-Wenatchi</td><td><h6>Interior Salish; Salishan; the Washington state (USA). Columbia and Wenatchi are two dialects of a Salishan language, related to other languages like Flathead and Shuswap.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nkuset, nakuset</td><td>Micmac (Mi'kmaq)</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Eastern Canada and USA, Eastern Algonquian Language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sumshasat</td><td>Halkomelem</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, the Salishan language family. Vancouver, Canada.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sem'sathet</td><td>Island Halkomelem</td><td><h6>Salish family: Central Salish group (USA, Canada)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>s3m'Sa83t</td><td>Cowichan</td><td><h6>Vancouver, Canada</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>s3m'Sa83t</td><td>Hul'q'umi'num'</td><td><h6>(Halkomelem) Indians of North America (in the south of the Vancouver island)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>a7Lax (o'olax)</td><td>Lower Chinook</td><td><h6>USA, the Washington state </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tsoxatsat (coxacot)</td><td>Nooksack</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Washington state (USA), the Salishan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>snx</td><td>Nuxalk/Bella Coola</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, the Salishan language family, British Columbia (Canada)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xai'alax, xai'anax</td><td>Okanagan</td><td><h6>The language of native americans at the south part of central British Columbia state in Canada, the Salishan language family; there are two dialects</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>n'aqwela</td><td>Haisla</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, the Wakashan language family. The language is spoken at the seashore of British Columbia and at Vancouver Island (North America). It consist of two branches - Northern (Kwakiutl) and Southern (Nootka). Each branch has three languages.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>t'lisala</td><td>Kwakiutl</td><td><h6>The language of native americans on the northeastern Vancouver island, the Wakashan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dak</td><td>Ditidaht</td><td><h6>The language of native americans on the Vancouver island (USA)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>daka</td><td>Makah</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Washington state (USA), opposite the Vancouver island, the Wakashan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>daka</td><td>Nootka</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Vancouver island (Canada), the Wakashan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>anpetu wi; wi</td><td>Lakota Sioux </td><td><h6>The language of native americans of Central regions of the USA (the steppe zone), the Siouan language family. There are some enclaves at Atlantic seashore and at the South-West of the USA.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wittipare</td><td>Woccon</td><td><h6>(a.k.a. Eastern Siouan) The language of native americans in the eastern USA, the Siouan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wi</td><td>Dakota Sioux</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in the USA and Canada, the Siouan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aNpetuwi</td><td>Dakota</td><td><h6>Dakota is a Siouan language spoken by about 100 people in the USA, and 190 people in Canada.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wi</td><td>Lakota (Lakhota, Lakotah)</td><td><h6>Lacota is a Siouan language spoken by the Lacota people of the Sioux tribes (North America)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bidi; mapemidi</td><td>Hidatsa</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Siuan language family; USA, North Dakota.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ha*vi; wi</td><td>Assiniboine</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Canada (near the USA border), the Siouan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wi; ha*vi</td><td>Nakoda</td><td><h6>Nakoda (also known as Stoney or Iyarhe Nakoda) are an indigenous people in Western Canada and, originally, the United States.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wira</td><td>Winnebago</td><td><h6>(a.k.a. Ho-Chunk) The language of native americans in Nebraska state (USA). Siouan; Siouan; North America</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wirak (wiraki)</td><td>Mandan</td><td><h6>an extinct Siouan language of native americans of North Dakota in the United States.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nunti</td><td>Catawba</td><td><h6>The language of native americans (Catawba people) in Southern Caroline (USA), the Siouan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>axxaashe</td><td>Crow</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in the Montana state (USA), the Siouan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ina'</td><td>Biloxi</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Mississippi state (USA), the Siouan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>inya</td><td>Cocopa</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in California (Mexico), Hokan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>inya'a</td><td>Havasupai</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Arizona (USA), Hokan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>inyaa</td><td>Kiliwa</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in California (Mexico), Hokan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>inya</td><td>Maricopa</td><td><h6>Maricopa or Piipaash is spoken by the Native American Maricopa people on two reservations in Arizona: the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community and the Gila River Indian Community.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>inti, intiq</td><td>Inca (in Peru), Quechua </td><td><h6>А Native American language spoken in various regional forms in parts of Peru, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Argentina and Chile.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>inti, willka</td><td>Aymara</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Peru and Bolivia in the Titicaca region</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>inti; wiLka</td><td>Sullkatiti Titiri</td><td><h6>Bolivia (South America)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wilka</td><td>Quechua Pacaraos</td><td><h6>Peru (South America)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wiLCan</td><td>Tepehua Pisa Flores</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Mexico.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wilhchan</td><td>Tepehua</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Mexico.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>awiLCan</td><td>Tepehua Huehuetla</td><td><h6>Huehuetla Tepehua - endangered language, used in Huehuetla, northeastern Hidalgo, Mexico.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>huLCan</td><td>Tepehua Tlachichilco</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Mexico.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>inti</td><td>Huacana</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr></table> <table style="WIDTH: 799px"> <tr><td>inti  </td><td>Quechua Abancay Tintay; Ancash Chiquian; Ancash Huaylas Huaraz; Ancash Huaylas Pamparomas; Ancash Huaylas Wata; Arequipa Union; Argentina; Ayacucho; Chachapoyas; De Ambo Huanuco Pasco Pasco; Huanca Huaycha; Huanca Huaylla; Huanca Shausha; Huanuco Panao; Huaylas Ancash; North Junin Tarma; North Junin Cajas; Imbabura; Pastaza; San Martin; Yauyos Cacra; Yauyos Hongos; Yauyos Huangascar; Yauyos Lincha; Yauyos San Pedro; Yauyos Tana; Yauyos Vinac; Azuay; Bolivar Cachisagua; Chimborazo Nizag; Chimborazo Troje; Cotopaxi Compania Grande; Loja; Pichancha; Tungurahua Guapante; Tungurahua Salasaca; Cotopaxi Papaurco; Cotopaxi Tigua; </td><td><h6>Peru (South America)</h6></td> </tr></table> <table style="WIDTH: 799px"> <tr><td>inti; nup'i</td><td>Jaqaru</td><td><h6>Jaqaru (Haq'aru) is a language of the Aymaran family. It is also known as Jaqi and Aru. It is spoken in the districts of Tupe and Catahuasi in Yauyos Province, Lima Region, Peru.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>inti</td><td>Chimborazo Quichua</td><td><h6>Ecuador (South America)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>inti</td><td>Puki</td><td><h6>Bolivia (South America)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>inti</td><td>Curva</td><td><h6>Bolivia (on the border with Peru)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>inti</td><td>Cuzco Gnl</td><td><h6>Peru</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>inti</td><td>Laraos</td><td><h6>Peru</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>inti</td><td>Maragua</td><td><h6>Bolivia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>indi</td><td>Quichua Imbabura</td><td><h6>the language spoken in Imbabura Province in Northern Ecuador</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>indi</td><td>Inga Medio Putumayo</td><td><h6>Colombia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>inti</td><td>Pocona</td><td><h6>Bolivia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>inti</td><td>Puno City</td><td><h6>Puno is a small town on the bank of Titicaca lake, Peru</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>inti</td><td>Puquina</td><td><h6>Puquina (or Pukina) is an extinct language once spoken by a native ethnic group in the region surrounding Lake Titicaca (Peru and Bolivia) and in the North of Chile.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>inde</td><td>Pasto</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Colombia and Ecuador (Carchi Province). Barbacoan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>matatin; tign</td><td>Guamo</td><td><h6>Venezuela</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tilewa</td><td>Yuwana</td><td><h6>spoken in the Central Region, Venezuela.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>inti; ruph~ay</td><td>Taquile</td><td><h6>Peru</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rupe</td><td>Yanac</td><td><h6>the province Corongo in Peru.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rupi</td><td>Quichua Cotopaxi Compania Grande</td><td><h6>(Ecuador)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rupay</td><td>Quechua Huaylas Ancash</td><td><h6>The Quechua of Huailas is the regional variety of Ancash Quechua language of Peru</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rupay</td><td>Quichua (Kichwa) Canyar</td><td><h6>Ecuador.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rupay</td><td>Quechua De Lambayeque</td><td><h6>Peru (South America)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rupay</td><td>Chetilla</td><td><h6>Peru, the Cajamarco(-a) state</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rupay</td><td>Inkawasi</td><td><h6>the language of the native americans tribe at the Northern Peru</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>inti; lupi; nupi </td><td>Central Aymara </td><td><h6>Bolivia (on the border with Peru)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>niokpo</td><td>Amarakaeri</td><td><h6>Harakmbet. The language of indians in southestern Peru.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lupi</td><td>Southern Aymara</td><td><h6>Aymara (Aymar aru) is an Aymaran language spoken by the Aymara people of the Andes. Aymara, along with Spanish, is one of the official languages of Bolivia and parts of Peru.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lan</td><td>Cacaopera</td><td><h6>El Salvador (America)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lumi</td><td>Callahuaya</td><td><h6>Callawalla (also Callahuaya or Kallawaya) is an endangered indigenous language spoken in Bolivia, related to Quechua.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>inti; acki</td><td>Chacpar</td><td><h6>Peru, Ancash state</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>intyi</td><td>Kawki</td><td><h6>Kawki Tribe (Cauqui, Cachuy). Language: Kawki is an Andean language of Peru, related to the Aymara language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>antel, anti, antu</td><td>Mapuche</td><td><h6>(or Mapudungun) Chile (South America)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>antu</td><td>Mapudungun</td><td><h6>This language is spoken in the South of Chile and Argentina (Araucany).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>antu</td><td>Ranquelche</td><td><h6>Chile (South America)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jineehaa (jinewo)</td><td>Atsugewi</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in nortern California, USA. Hokan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>'anya</td><td>Mohave</td><td><h6>(Mohave, Mojave) is the native language of the Mohave people along the Colorado River in southeastern California.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>enya</td><td>Paipai</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in California (USA), Hokan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>enya; 35a</td><td>Kumiai</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in California (USA), near the Mexican border, Hokan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ini</td><td>Lule And Tonocote</td><td><h6>Northern-Eastern Argentina</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>a5i nala7; a5i ikoiadelek na</td><td>Toba</td><td><h6>North Argentina, near the Paraguay border. </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>myt</td><td>Apinaye</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Northeastern Brazil, Macro-Ge language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>meri</td><td>Bororo</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Brazil, near the Bolivian border, Macro-Ge language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>neri</td><td>Otuke</td><td><h6>(Louxiru, Otuke, Otuque, Otuqui) is the dead language of native americans, Macro-Ge language family, spoken by the people living in lowlands of Western Bolivia and in the Matu-Grossu state in Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mingua</td><td>Taparita</td><td><h6>Taparita is an extinct language of the Amazone (at the Venezuela-Columbia border).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mini</td><td>Umotina</td><td><h6>Umotina is a recently extinct language of Brazil (near the border with Bolivia).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>min</td><td>Kansa</td><td><h6>The language of native americans Louisiana state (USA) Siouan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>min</td><td>Omaha-Ponca</td><td><h6>The language of native americans Oklahoma and Nebraska states (USA), the Siouan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mi</td><td>Osage </td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Oklahoma state (USA), the Siouan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mi (hmi)</td><td>Quapaw</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Arkansas state (USA), the Siouan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mi (min)</td><td>Tutelo</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Virginia state (USA), the Siouan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bi</td><td>Oto (Chiwere; Otoe) </td><td><h6>The language of native americans originally spoken by the Missouria, Otoe, and Iowa peoples, who originated in the Great Lakes region but later moved throughout the Midwest and plains, the Siouan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nvda</td><td>Cherokee</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, the Iroquoian language family, Southern Iroquois. the Iroquoian family has binari structure: the Southern group has only Chtrokee language, all other languages makes the Northern group. The Northern languages are spoken in the Erie, Huron and Ontario lakes and in St Laurence river region, and also on the Atlantic coast of the USA.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>karahkwa</td><td>Mohawk language</td><td><h6>Spoken by Mohawk native americans, living in USA and Canada. Iroquoian language family, Northern Iroquois</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aheeta (aheta)</td><td>Nottoway</td><td><h6>The extinct language of native americans in Washington state (USA), the Iroquoian language family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>athn3*hst; hihte'</td><td>Tuscarora</td><td><h6>Tuscarora is an Iroquoian language of the Tuscarora people, spoken in Southern Ontario, Canada, North Carolina and Northwestern New York around Niagara Falls, in the United States.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yotahala</td><td>Oneida</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, the Iroquoian language family, Northern Iroquois</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ehkw; gaэhgwa:'</td><td>Onondaga</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, the Iroquoian language family, Northern Iroquois. USA (central part of New-York state) and also near Brantford (Ontario, Canada).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>akw (rakw); ga:gwa:'</td><td>Cayuga </td><td><h6>the language of indigenous people in the New York state (USA) and in Canada (Ontario state)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rahkw; nd~ihSr</td><td>Wyandot</td><td><h6>Wyandot (Wandat) is the Iroquoian language traditionally spoken by the people known variously as Wyandot or Wyandotte, descended from the Wendat (Huron). It was last spoken by members located primarily in Oklahoma, United States and Quebec, Canada.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rakw; nd~ihS</td><td>Wendat Huron</td><td><h6>indigenous people in Quebec City in Canada</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>isnay</td><td>Laurentian</td><td><h6>Laurentian was an Iroquoian language spoken until the late 16th century along the shores of the Saint Lawrence River in present-day Quebec and Ontario, Canada</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Ehkw; ka:hkwa:'</td><td>Seneca</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in New York state, the Iroquoian language family, Northern Iroquois</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sn3qm</td><td>Squamish</td><td><h6>Squamish is a Coast Salish language spoken by the Squamish people of southwestern British Columbia, Canada</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sn3qw~3m</td><td>Lillooet</td><td><h6>USA, California (to the North of Vancuver)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>spakani</td><td>Kalispel Pend Doreille</td><td><h6>in the North-Western USA</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>natanik</td><td>Kootenai</td><td><h6>(a.k.a. Kutenai, Kootenay, Ktunaxa, Ksanka) The language of native americans in Montana and Idaho states (USA) and in British Colombia (Canada)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sp'q'ni7</td><td>Spokane</td><td><h6>The Spokan or Spokane people are a Native American Plateau tribe who inhabited the eastern portion of the Washington state and parts of Northern Idaho in the United States</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>syayqw~</td><td>Sechelt</td><td><h6>The Sechelt language is a Coast Salish language spoken by the Shishalh (Sechelt) people of southwestern British Columbia, Canada</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>syo:qwem</td><td>Upriver Halkomelem</td><td><h6>Salish family: Central Salish group (USA, Canada)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sy~aqw~3m</td><td>Musqueam</td><td><h6>Canada, Vancouver</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>syoqw~3m</td><td>Stolo</td><td><h6>the language of American Indians (British Columbia, Canada)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>spukani</td><td>Salish</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, the Salishan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sqwqway'(sqw~qw~3y'; s73m'Sac3t)</td><td>Clallam (Klallam)</td><td><h6>Central Salish; Salishan; North America</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sqwuqwul (sqweqwel)</td><td>Straits Salish</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, the Salishan language family. North America.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>spq”ni7</td><td>Montana Salish</td><td><h6>Montana Salish is an Interior Salishan language spoken on the Flathead reservation in Northwest Montana by an estimated population of about 40 speakers.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q'w~3l'3s</td><td>Quinault</td><td><h6>Quinault is a member of the Tsamosan branch of the Coast Salish family of Salishan languages (USA).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sqw~3qw~3l'</td><td>Songish</td><td><h6>Canada, USA</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sqw~3qw~3L</td><td>Samish</td><td><h6>The Samish are a Native American people who live in the U.S. state of Washington.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sqw~3qw~3l'; syal3qw~3m</td><td>Saanich</td><td><h6>Saanich is the language of the Native American Saanich people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sk'w~ak'w~es</td><td>Thompson</td><td><h6>The Thompson language, properly known as Nlaka'pamuctsin also known as the Nlaka'pamux ('Nthlakampx') language, is an Interior Salishan language spoken in the Fraser Canyon, Thompson Canyon, Nicola Country of the Canadian province of British Columbia, and also (historically) in the North Cascades region of Whatcom and Chelan counties of the state of Washington in the United States.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>skw~ekw~7es</td><td>Shuswap</td><td><h6>North America</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>skw~el'l'</td><td>Coeur Dalene</td><td><h6>Northern area of Idaho state (USA)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>t'Egy~Em</td><td>Comox</td><td><h6>Central Salish Salishan, North America</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>t'3g3m (t'Egy~Em)</td><td>Sliammon</td><td><h6>The Comox or Sliammon language is one of the Salishan family of languages, spoken by around 400 people in British Columbia, Canada.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taC7i</td><td>Tunica</td><td><h6>The Tunica (or Tonica) language is a language isolate that was spoken in the Central and Lower Mississippi Valley in the United States by Native American Tunica peoples</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tuxw~3n; tuxt3n</td><td>Tillamook</td><td><h6>Tillamook is an extinct Salishan language, formerly spoken by the Tillamook people in Northwestern Oregon, USA.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xyaLnxw~</td><td>Okanagan Colville</td><td><h6>Okanagan is an Interior Salish language, spoken in a number of communities in Southern interior British Columbia and Northeastern Washington (Canada and the USA).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>agalax</td><td>Wasco-Wishram</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Washington state (USA), Penutian language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aqalax</td><td>Kathlamet</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Washington state (USA), Penutian language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>otelagh; san</td><td>Chinook Jargon</td><td><h6>(also known as chinuk wawa, or chinook wawa) is a revived American indigenous language originating as a pidgin trade language in the Pacific Northwest, and spreading during the 19th century from the lower Columbia River</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uwas</td><td>Tewa Sargang</td><td><h6>The Tewa language is spoken in seven Pueblos in the Southwest United States. There are six Tewa speaking Pueblos in the Rio Grande Valley of New Mexico consisting of Nambe, Ohkay Owingeh, Pojoaque, Santa Clara, San Ildefonso and Tesuque.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>was</td><td>Molale</td><td><h6>Molala (Molele, Molalla) is the extinct and poorly attested Plateau Penutian language of the Molala people of Oregon and Washington.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>natanik</td><td>Kootenay </td><td><h6>The Kutenai language (also Kootenai, Kootenay and Ktunaxa), is named after and is spoken by some of the Kutenai Native American/First Nations people who are indigenous to the area of North America that is now Montana, Idaho, and British Columbia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nico</td><td>Apalachee</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Muskogean language family consists of about 7 languages and placed the compact region at far South-West of the USA.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hasi</td><td>Alabama</td><td><h6>The language of native North americans (Muskogean language family) and consists of about 100 speakers among Alabama and Koasati (Coashatta) tribes in Texas and Louisiana states, USA.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hvse (hasi)</td><td>Creek </td><td><h6>Creek (a.k.a. Muskogee) is a Muskogean language with about 4,700 speakers in Oklahima and Florida states (USA). The language of native americans of Muskogean family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hashi</td><td>Chickasaw</td><td><h6>The language of the North American Indians in south eastern Oklahoma (USA), Muskogean language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hashi (hvshi, ashe)</td><td>Houma/Choctaw</td><td><h6>The language of the North American Indians (Oklahoma, Mississipi), Muskogean language family. The Houma and Choctaw people spoke very closely related languages. Houma was evidently so similar to Choctaw that speakers of the two languages could understand each other easily, so most linguists consider Houma to have been a dialect of Choctaw</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>haSi; hashi; hvshi</td><td>Choctaw</td><td><h6>(Chahta Anumpa) is the West Muskogean language. Oklahoma, USA</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ha•si</td><td>Hitchiti</td><td><h6>The language of the North American Indians was spoken in Georgia and Florida (USA), Muskogean language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hasi</td><td>Koasati</td><td><h6>The language of the North American Indians in North-western Georgia (USA), Muskogean language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iS; lak</td><td>Atakapa</td><td><h6>The language of native americans. USA, Luisiana state</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ha:si</td><td>Miccosukee (Mikasuki)</td><td><h6>The language of the North American Indians, Muskogean language family. Florida, USA.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kasi</td><td>Guajiquero</td><td><h6>indigenous Mesoamerican language in Honduras.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gaSi; kaSi</td><td>Lenca—Honduras</td><td><h6>The Lenca language is one of the indigenous Mesoamerican languages in Honduras.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>safini; kasiri</td><td>Paumari</td><td><h6>Paumari (also Purupuru, Kurukuru, Pamari, Purupuru, Pammari, Curucuru, Palmari) is an Arauan language spoken in West-Northern Brazil by about 700 people. It is spoken by the Paumari Indians, who call their language 'Pamoari'.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cuyay; ciquya:y; cu:ye:</td><td>Xaayda (Xaat) kil</td><td><h6>The language of the Haida people, spoken in the Haida Gwaii archipelago of the coast of Canada and on Prince of Wales Island in Alaska.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kuis; dewis</td><td>Beothuk</td><td><h6>The language of native americans at Newfoundland (Canada)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cone</td><td>Wampanoag</td><td><h6>The language of native americans. Wampanoag is an Algonquian language, related to other languages like Lenape and Ojibway. There is no speaker of the language now.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kan</td><td>Ninatic</td><td><h6>The Niantic (or in their own language, the Nehantick or Nehantucket), were a tribe of Algonquin-speaking Native Americans, who were living in Connecticut and Rhode Island</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kishethwa</td><td>Sauk</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Central Algonquian Languages</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>chiisikaaw-piisim</td><td>Naskapi</td><td><h6>Naskapi is a Native American language spoken by the Naskapi (1,100 people), who are the indigenous inhabitants of an area which comprises most of eastern Quebec and Labrador, in Canada. It is an Algonquian language, belonging to the Cree subgroup.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pishum</td><td>Montagnais</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Central Algonquian languages</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>piisim</td><td>Naskapi</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Canada (Quebec and Labrador), Central Algonquian languages</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pisim</td><td>Cree (Swampy)</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Central Algonquian languages. North America (Canada).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kicikaw pisimw; kisik</td><td>Atikamekw</td><td><h6>The language of native americans near Ottawa (Canada), Central Algonquian Languages</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kiilhswa</td><td>Illinois</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Central Algonquian Languages; North America</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kiilhswa</td><td>Miami</td><td><h6>The language of native americans. (The 'moon' is 'Kiilhswa' too)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kiisethwa</td><td>Kickapoo</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in the Kansas, Oklahoma and Texac states (USA). Central Algonquian languages</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kiishooxkw</td><td>Munsee Delaware</td><td><h6>The language of native americans. Munsee is an Algonquian language, related to other languages like Ojibwe and Blackfoot.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kiisthwa; keso8y</td><td>Shawnee</td><td><h6>The Shawnee language is a Central Algonquian language spoken in parts of central and Northeastern Oklahoma by the Shawnee people. It was originally spoken in Ohio, West Virginia, Kentucky, and Pennsylvania.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hiisiis</td><td>Arapaho</td><td><h6>Arapaho (hinono'eitiit) is the language of the Native American Arapaho Indians originally living on the eastern plains of Colorado and Wyoming (USA). Plains Algonquian Language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hiisiis (Iisiis)</td><td>Gros Ventre</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Plains Algonquian Language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ki·seswa/kishethwa</td><td>Meskwaki/Sauk</td><td><h6>The language of native americans. Meskwaki and Sauk are two dialects of the same language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kisusq</td><td>Mohegan</td><td><h6>Mohegan was an Algonquian language spoken by the Mohegan tribe (not to be confused with the Mahicans). Though the tribe still lives in Connecticut (they operate the Mohegan Sun Casino in Uncasville), the language has become extinct.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>keesog</td><td>Mahican</td><td><h6>Mahican (also known as Mohican) is an extinct language that was spoken in the territory of present-day eastern New York state and Vermont, by the Mahican people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kisom; natosi</td><td>Siksika</td><td><h6>Siksika, also known as Blackfoot (Southern Alberta and Northern Montana, Northern America) spoken in Canada by about 5,000 speakers.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>keso</td><td>Menominee (Omaeqnomenew)</td><td><h6>(also spelled Menomini) is an Algonquian language spoken by the historic Menominee people of what is now northern Wisconsin in the United States</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kesus</td><td>Etchemin</td><td><h6>Etchemin was a language of the Algonquian language family, spoken in early colonial times on the coast of Maine.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kizes</td><td>Potawatomi</td><td><h6>The language of native americans. Algonquian; Algic; USA, Great Lakes</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gizos; kizos</td><td>Abenaki-Penobscot</td><td><h6>an Eastern Algonquian language (like Micmac and Maliseet), which was spoken in eastern Maine, USA. This Native American language is now extinct.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kizos</td><td>Abnaki Eastern</td><td><h6>Eastern Abnaki is an extinct language once spoken by the Penobscot in the coastal area of the state of Maine, United States.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gizos</td><td>Abnaki Western</td><td><h6>Western Abnaki (also known as St. Francis) is an indigenous language spoken by around 20 individuals along the St. Lawrence River between Montreal and Quebec City.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gizos</td><td>Abenaki</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Maine State (USA), Eastern Algonquian Language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kizis</td><td>Algonquin</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Central Algonquian Languages in Canada (Ottawa)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>giizis (guzis)</td><td>Ojibway/Chippewa/Ojibwe</td><td><h6>Ojibway is the language of native americans, Central Algonquian Languages. (Canada, USA)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gizis</td><td>Ojibwa Eastern</td><td><h6>Eastern Ojibwe is a dialect of the Ojibwe language spoken North of Lake Ontario and east of Georgian Bay in Ontario, Canada.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kisihs</td><td>Ojibwa Severn</td><td><h6>a dialect of the Ojibwe language spoken in a series of Oji-Cree communities in Northern Ontario and at Island Lake, Manitoba, Canada.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>giizis</td><td>Ottawa (or Odawa)</td><td><h6>The language of native americans. Ottawa is a dialect of the Ojibwe language, spoken by the Ottawa people in Southern Ontario in Canada, and Northern Michigan in the United States.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>giizis (kizis)</td><td>Anishinaabe </td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Algonquian Languages in Canada and USA</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hiisiis</td><td>Arapaho</td><td><h6>The language of native americans. The Arapaho tribe were once a part of a vast network of Native Americans called the East Woodland tribes that lived along the East Coast of what is now the United States.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kisux</td><td>Lenape</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Eastern Algonquian Language. New Jersey, Pennsylvania</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kisux (gisCuC)</td><td>Lenape/Delaware/Unami</td><td><h6>The Lenape are a Native American tribe. They are also called Delaware Indians and their historical territory was along the Delaware River watershed, western Long Island and the Lower Hudson Valley (New Jersey and Pennsylvania).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kisuhs</td><td>Maliseet</td><td><h6>Maliseet (or Malecite-Passamaquoddy) is a Native American language spoken by about 1,500 people along the Saint John River, mostly in Canada (between New Brunswick, Quebec and Maine). It is an Eastern Algonquian language (in the same language family as Micmac and Maliseet).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>keshowse</td><td>Powhatan</td><td><h6>The language of native americans at the east coast of the USA, near Ricomond city (Algonquian; Algic; North America).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kilhs~wa; kirisua</td><td>Myaamia</td><td><h6>Miami-Illinois (endonym: Myaamia). Myaamia is a indigenous Algonquian language formerly spoken in the United States, primarily in Illinois, Missouri, Indiana</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>i'la</td><td>Ofo</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in the eastern USA, the Siouan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>li salai</td><td>Michif</td><td><h6>Michif (also Mitchif, Mechif, Michif-Cree, Metif, Metchif, French Cree) is the language of the Metis people of Canada and the United States</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>L'isla</td><td>Haisla</td><td><h6>at the Pacific coast of Canada</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>L'isla</td><td>Kwakwala</td><td><h6>at the Pacific coast of Canada</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>L'xsiwala</td><td>Heiltsuk</td><td><h6>at the Pacific coast of Canada</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kirisua</td><td>Kaskaskia Illinois</td><td><h6>USA, Illinois state.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gy~emk</td><td>Coast Tsimshian</td><td><h6>at the Pacific coast of Canada</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hamapsa; swapsi</td><td>Obispenyo</td><td><h6>California, USA</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>t'ui-na</td><td>Northern Yana</td><td><h6>Hokan language family: Yana group (Northern California)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>t'uina; t'ui</td><td>Yana</td><td><h6>Yana (also Yanan) is an extinct language formerly spoken by the Yana people, who lived in North-central California between the Feather and Pit rivers in what is now the Shasta and Tehama counties.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>t'ui-xi</td><td>Yahi</td><td><h6>Hokan language family: Yana group (Northern California)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>35a</td><td>Diegueno (Mesa Grande)</td><td><h6>Yuman; Hokan; USA, California state.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nei'kioo'</td><td>Amuzgo (Guerrero dialect) </td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Central Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ndo'kwjion'</td><td>Nomndaa</td><td><h6>Nomndaa (an alternate spelling of 'Non'ndaa') is an indigenous name for the Mexican Indian language Amuzgo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>n~ih2 </td><td>Chinantec (Lealao)</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Chinantecan; Oto-Manguean; Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ena</td><td>Mesa Grande 'Iipay</td><td><h6>Hokan language family: Yuman group, Northern Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ana (a5a)</td><td>Mojave</td><td><h6>the language of the native americans tribe at the border between the California and Arizona states (Hokan language family: Yuman group)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>na</td><td>Cocopa</td><td><h6>Hokan language family: Yuman group, Northern Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>na:</td><td>Yavapai</td><td><h6>Hokan language family: Yuman group (USA, Arizona state)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>na</td><td>Jamul Tiipay</td><td><h6>Hokan language family: Yuman group. USA, California</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>na</td><td>Tipai</td><td><h6>Tiipai (Tipay) is a Native American language spoken by a number of Kumeyaay (Kumiai) tribes in Northern Baja California and Southern San Diego County,</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ina; itan; oru; orun</td><td>Lucumi</td><td><h6>Lucumi is a creolized Yoruba dialect and the liturgical language of Santeria in Cuba.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5i7</td><td>Quiotepec (all dialects)</td><td><h6>Chinantecan; Oto-Manguean; Mexico.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>a5a</td><td>Quechan (Yuma)</td><td><h6>Quechan or Kwtsaan, also known as Yuma, is the native language of the Quechan people of southeastern California and southwestern Arizona in the Lower Colorado River Valley and Sonoran Desert.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>n7~iu</td><td>Popoloca Metzontla</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>njaxu*</td><td>Popoloca De San Vicente Coyotepec</td><td><h6>Coyotepec Popoloca is an indigenous language of Puebla state, Mexico.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cawkE</td><td>Navi</td><td><h6>The New-York district, USA</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cxayu</td><td>Siuslaw</td><td><h6>Siuslaw was the language of the Siuslaw people and Lower Umpqua (Kuitsh) people in Oregon state (USA). Siuslaw is also known as Lower Umpqua; Upper Umpqua (or simply Umpqua) was an Athabaskan language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>na7aic7uwi</td><td>San Bartolome Ayautla</td><td><h6>south-western Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cu7i</td><td>San Juan Chiquihuitlan</td><td><h6>the language of an indigenous people at the south of Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cu7i</td><td>Chiquihuitlan (Mazatec)</td><td><h6>the language of an indigenous people at the south of Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>c37we</td><td>San Lorenzo Cuaunecuiltitla</td><td><h6>language of the indigenous people in south-western Mexico (the Oaxaca state)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cu7wi</td><td>San Miguel Soyoltepec</td><td><h6>Oaxaca state, Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>c7ui</td><td>San Pedro Ixcatlan</td><td><h6>Oaxaca state, Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>c7ui</td><td>Huautla De Jimenez</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>c7iu</td><td>Jalapa De Diaz</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ch'ujutat; Cuhutat</td><td>Ch'ol (Chol)</td><td><h6>The language of native americans. Mayan; Mayan; Mexico, Chiapas.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xuriata (jurhiata)</td><td>Purhepecha (Purepecha)</td><td><h6>Purepecha a.k.a. P'urhepecha, often called Tarascan, is a language isolate or small language family that is spoken by a quarter-million Purepecha in the highlands of Michoacan, Mexico.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xy~aru</td><td>Mazahua Central</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jiaru</td><td>Mazahua</td><td><h6>The language of native americans (Otomian; Oto-Manguean; Mexico)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jiaru</td><td>Michoacan, Central</td><td><h6>The language spoken by the Nahua Michoacan on the Pacific Coast of Mexico in Michoacan. It is a dialect of Nahuatl.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tsui' (cu7i)</td><td>Mazatec</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in northern part of Oaxaka state in southern Mezico, Oto-Manguean language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iSaw</td><td>Venturenyo</td><td><h6>Outskirts of Los Angeles, USA</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alacam qsi; qsi</td><td>Samala</td><td><h6>Indians of North America</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>qsi</td><td>Chumash (Ineseno)</td><td><h6>Chumash; Chumash; the language of the North American Indians on the Southern California coast</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>qsi</td><td>Inesenyo (Inezeno, Ineseno)</td><td><h6>native americans in California, Pasific seashore, USA</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alica; aliSaw</td><td>Barbareno</td><td><h6>Barbareno is one of the extinct Chumashan languages, a group of Native American languages, which was spoken in the area of Santa Barbara, California.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>da-dap</td><td>North Fork</td><td><h6>California, USA</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>di:be</td><td>Washo</td><td><h6>Washo family: Washo group, at the border between California and Nevada states (USA)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tabi (dabai)</td><td>Shoshoni</td><td><h6>Shoshoni, also written as Shoshoni-Gosiute and Shoshone is a Numic language of the Uto-Aztecan family, spoken in the Western United States by the Shoshone people</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tape</td><td>Mono</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in central part of California state (USA), there are only 40 peoples who speak the language (Numic; Uto-Aztecan; North America)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tadabe</td><td>Western Mono</td><td><h6>Mono is a Native American language of the Numic group of Uto-Aztecan languages, the ancestral language of the Mono people (California)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tibe (dibe)</td><td>Washo</td><td><h6>The language of native americans at the border of states California and Nevada (USA) especially around the Taho Lake, Hokan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taa'a</td><td>Mayo</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Mexico, Uto-Aztecan language family (Cahita; Uto-Aztecan; North America)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taa'a</td><td>Yaqui</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Mexico, Uto-Aztecan language family (Cahita; Uto-Aztecan; North America)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>epang</td><td>Cochimi</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Mexico (Baja California state), Hokan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taabe</td><td>Comanche</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Texas (USA), Uto-Aztecan language family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taawa; dawa</td><td>Hopi</td><td><h6>(self-name: Hopilavayi); Uto-Aztecan language in north-eastern Arizona, USA.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taal</td><td>Tubatulabal</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in California (USA), Uto-Aztecan language family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tabe</td><td>Panamint</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in California (USA), Uto-Aztecan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tava</td><td>Kawaiisu</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in California (USA), Uto-Aztecan language family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tava; tavaCi; tavap3ci</td><td>Ute</td><td><h6>The Ute language (also Southern Paiute and Colorado River), of the Numic branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family, is actually a dialect chain which stretches from southeastern California to Colorado.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tava; tavaci</td><td>Paiute (Southern)</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Arizona and Utah states (USA).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ta'va</td><td>Chemehuevi</td><td><h6>The southernmost variety of the Paiute language in the USA.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taba</td><td>Paiute (Northern) </td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Western USA, Uto-Aztecan language family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tata; tasaLit</td><td>Tubar</td><td><h6>Tubar or Tubare, is an extinct language of Southern Chihuahua, Mexico that belonged to the Uto-Aztecan language family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tada</td><td>Cuna</td><td><h6>Panama (on the border with Venezuela)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dada</td><td>Dulegaya</td><td><h6>Dulegaya (Kuna Language). Spoken by the Kuna people of Panama and Colombia, belongs to the Chibchan language family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dada</td><td>Kuna Yala San Blas</td><td><h6>Panama</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taha (ta7a)</td><td>Varihio (Huarijio)</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Uto-Aztecan language family. Huarijio (also spelled Guarijio and Warihio) is a Uto-Aztecan language of the states of Chihuahua and Sonora in northwestern Mexico. It is spoken by around 5,000 Huarijio people</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tasai</td><td>Northern Tepehuan</td><td><h6>Northern Mexico.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tasai</td><td>Tepehuan</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in northwestern Mexico, Uto-Aztecan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tash</td><td>Tohono Oodham (Papago)</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Arizona state (USA), Uto-Aztecan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taS3</td><td>Upper Pima</td><td><h6>The Southern Arizona (USA), near the Mexico border</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tasa</td><td>Pima Bajo</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in northwestern Mexico, Uto-Aztecan language family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taS</td><td>Lower Pima</td><td><h6>Mexico, the Sonora state</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tuna</td><td>Nahuatl Buenos Aires Alamo</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tunal</td><td>Pipil</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Uto-Aztecan language family (Aztecan; Uto-Aztecan; North America)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tunal</td><td>Nahuatl Coatepec Costales;</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tunal</td><td>Nahuatl Coatepec Costales Teleoloapan;</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tunal</td><td>Nahuatl Santa Maria Teopoxco;</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tunal</td><td>Nahuatl Xoxocotla Puente De Ixtla;</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tunal</td><td>Tetelcingo Nahuatl</td><td><h6>Tetelcingo Nahuatl, called Mцsiehuali by its speakers, is a Nahuatl variety of central Mexico.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>th~oN; 8oN</td><td>Tewa</td><td><h6>The Tewa language is spoken in seven Pueblos in the Southwest United States. There are six Tewa speaking Pueblos in the Rio Grande Valley of New Mexico consisting of Nambe, Ohkay Owingeh, Pojoaque, Santa Clara, San Ildefonso and Tesuque.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>th~oN</td><td>Tewa Arizona</td><td><h6>The language is spoken in the Southwest United States.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>8oN</td><td>Tewa Santa Clara</td><td><h6>The language is spoken in the Southwest United States.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>8ur</td><td>Tiwa Southern</td><td><h6>The language is spoken in the Southwest United States.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>th~ol</td><td>Tiwa Northern Picuris</td><td><h6>Picuris is a language of the Northern Tiwa branch of Tanoan spoken in Picuris Pueblo, New Mexico.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>th~ul</td><td>Tiwa Northern Taos</td><td><h6>The Taos language of the Northern Tiwa language branch of the Tanoan language family is spoken in Taos Pueblo, New Mexico.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>toma</td><td>Wiyot</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in California (USA), Ritwan Language (Wiyot; Algic; North America)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tona</td><td>Nahuatl Chinancahuatl Zacualtipan</td><td><h6>Nahuatl language Uto-Aztecan language of Mexico, which continues to be spoken by more than a million modern Mexicans in various markedly divergent dialects.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tona</td><td>Nahuatl Chicontepec</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tona</td><td>Nahuatl Coxcatlan</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tona</td><td>Nahuatl Sierra De Zacapoaxtla</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tonancin</td><td>Nahuatl Acatlan</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr></table> <table style="WIDTH: 799px"> <tr><td>tonal</td><td>Nahuatl Atlacholoaya Xochitepec; Atliaca Tixtla; Axochiapan; Ayotoxco; Chilacachapa Cuetzala Del Progreso; Coyotepec; Cuacuila Huauchinango; Cuentepec Temixco; Hueyapan Tetela Del Volcan; Hueyati Yahualica; Huitziltepec Zumpango Del Rio; Pomaro Aquila; Quetzalapa Azoyu; Jalatlaco; Rafael Delgado; San Agustin Oapan; Santa Ana Tlacotenco; Tepotztlan; Xaalitla Tepecuauilco; Xalatzala Tlapa; Xalpatlahuac; Xilocuautla Huauchinango; Chichiquila </td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr></table> <table style="WIDTH: 799px"> <tr><td>tonalcin</td><td>Nahuatl Acaxochitlan</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tonalcin</td><td>Nahuatl Amilcingo Zacualpan</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tonalcin</td><td>Nahuatl Del Norte Del Estado De Puebla</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tonalcin</td><td>Nahuatl San Pedro Tlalcuapan Santa Ana Chiautempan</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tonaLcin</td><td>Nahuatl Rafael Delgado</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tonalci</td><td>Nahuatl Jicocingo Zacatlan</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tonalci</td><td>Nahuatl Huatlatlauca</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tonalci</td><td>Nahuatl San Miguel Ayotla</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tonaLci</td><td>Nahuatl San Pablo Zoquitlan</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tonaLci*</td><td>Nahuatl Chignautla</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>totacin</td><td>Nahuatl Mecayapan</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tonacin</td><td>Nahuatl Sta Ma Coapan</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tonacin</td><td>Nahuatl San Francisco Tlalnepantla</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tonati</td><td>Nahuatl Cuatlamayan Antonio Santos; Ixhuatlan De Madero; La Reforma Tepehuacan De Guerrero; Las Balsas; Xochiatipan; Zahuastipan San Augustin Metzquititlan; Mecayapan</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tonati7</td><td>Nahuatl Montegrande Platon Sanchez</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tonati7</td><td>Nahuatl Pajapan</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tonati7</td><td>Nahuatl Xochiatipan</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tonali7</td><td>Nahuatl Zitlala</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tonaltsi</td><td>Nahuatl San Bernardino Teotitlan Del Camino</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tonalkon</td><td>Nahuatl San Jeronino Amanalco</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tonat</td><td>Nahuatl San Jose Miahuatlan</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tonat</td><td>Nahuatl San Pedro Jicora</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tonate</td><td>Nahuatl Tlalnepantla Tamazunchale</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tonate</td><td>Nahuatl Xilitla</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tonat3</td><td>Nahuatl Cuamelc0 Tianguistengo</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tonaltzintli, tonalli (?) </td><td>Nahuatl/Aztec</td><td><h6>The language of native americans. Nahuatl is a group of languages from the Nahuan branch of Uto-Aztecan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tunel</td><td>Pochutla Nahuatl</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tonal</td><td>Zacapoaxtla Nahuat</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tonal</td><td>Nahuatl Reyes de Vallarta Tuzamapan</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tonatiuh (tonalli)</td><td>Nahuatl</td><td><h6>an Uto-Aztecan language, that was spoken by inhabitants of Central part o Mexico (Nahua people) before spaniards come. In Nahuatl language the word 'Aztec' means 'somebody from Aztlan' (a mithical place somewhere on the North).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tonati</td><td>Nahuatl de San Agustin de Buenaventura</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tonatin</td><td>Tabasco Nahuatl Cupilco</td><td><h6>The Southern Mexico (the seashore of the Gulf of Mexico)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tonaL</td><td>Nahuatl Chilocoyo Huehuetla</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tonaLcin</td><td>Nahuatl Ixtacamaxtitlan</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nad</td><td>Surui Do Rondonia</td><td><h6>the language of the indigenous people of Western Brazil</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nat</td><td>Cinta-Larga</td><td><h6>Cinta Larga is a Tupian dialect cluster of Brazil</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>naty; teat nut</td><td>Huave languages (various)</td><td><h6>(Oaxaca, Mexico) — language isolate</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>naT</td><td>Huave de San Francisco Del Mar</td><td><h6>one of the dialects of Huave (Oaxaca, Mexico).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nati</td><td>San Mateo Del Mar Huave</td><td><h6>one of the dialects of Huave (Oaxaca, Mexico). (Oaxaca, Mexico).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nane</td><td>Jonaz De</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taamit</td><td>Gabrielino</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in the suburbs of Los Angeles (USA), Uto-Aztecan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taamit</td><td>Serrano</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in the suburbs of Los Angeles (USA), Uto-Aztecan language family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tameat</td><td>Kitanemuk</td><td><h6>USA, the California state, North of Los Angeles</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>t'amit (tamiat)</td><td>Cahuilla</td><td><h6>The language of native americans near Los Angeles (Takic; Uto-Aztecan; North America).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tamyut; tami</td><td>Cupeño (Cupeno)</td><td><h6>Cupeño is an extinct Uto-Aztecan language, formerly spoken by the Cupeño people of Southern California, USA.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>temet</td><td>Juaneno</td><td><h6>Juaneno is a Uto-Aztecan language of Southern California.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>temet</td><td>Netela</td><td><h6>a Native American language of Southern California</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>timet</td><td>Luiseno</td><td><h6>a Native American endangered language of Southern California (Uto-Aztecan language family).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tau</td><td>Huichol</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Mexico, Uto-Aztecan language family (Corachol; Uto-Aztecan; North America)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tat; tawi</td><td>Opata</td><td><h6>(Opata, Teguima, Eudeve, Heve, Dohema). The dead language of native americans, Uto-Aztecan language family (Mexico)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tawni</td><td>Naayarite</td><td><h6>The Cora (El Nayar Cora) language is an indigenous language of Mexico (Nayarit State), spoken by the ethnic group widely known as the Cora but who refers to themselves as Naayarite.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tani'm</td><td>Quinault</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, the Salishan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tanun</td><td>Matis</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Pano-Tacanan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tanym</td><td>Cruzenyo</td><td><h6>language of native americans in Los Angeles suburb, USA</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tanum</td><td>Cruzeno</td><td><h6>Cruzeno, also known as Isleno (Ysleno) or Island Chumash, was one of the Chumashan languages spoken along the coastal areas of Southern California.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tapetci</td><td>Tumpisa</td><td><h6>Timbisha (Tumpisa; also called Panamint or Koso) is the language of the Native American people who have inhabited the region in and around Death Valley, California and the Southern Owens Valley since late prehistoric times.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taxas</td><td>Tonkawa</td><td><h6>The Tonkawa language was used by native americans in Oklahoma, Texas and New Mexico (USA).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ieg (hieg)</td><td>Chinantec (Palantla)</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Southern Mexico, Chinantecan; Oto-Manguean; North America</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dy~ie</td><td>Chinantec San Felipe Usila</td><td><h6>Usila is a Chinantec language of Southern Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hiedi</td><td>Otomi</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Mexico, Oto-Manguean language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hiadi</td><td>Otomi Toluca</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hiadi</td><td>Otomi Acambay</td><td><h6>the central altiplano region of Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hiadi</td><td>Otomi De Ixtenco</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hiadi</td><td>Otomi De San Andres Cuexcontitlan</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hiadi</td><td>Otomi De 1776</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hy~adi</td><td>Otomi De El Baile</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hy~adi</td><td>Otomi Mezquital</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hy~adi</td><td>Otomi Queretaro</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Ziadi</td><td>Otomi Temoaya</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>g3nu7; dius</td><td>Tamasopo Pame</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ngubic3</td><td>Ocotlan Zapotec</td><td><h6>Zapotec language, spoken in the center of Oahaka state in suburbs of Ocotlan and Santiago-Apostol cities (Mexico).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mb~ic (Ng~bic)</td><td>Quioquitani Quieri Zapotec</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ngbic</td><td>Zapotec Mixtepec</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>b~ic</td><td>Xanaguia Zapotec</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>obica</td><td>Choapan Zapotec</td><td><h6>The Southern Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ubiza</td><td> Aloapam (Zaq)</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bica</td><td>Zapotec Sierra De Juarez</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kopiCa; pito</td><td>Zapotec</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wiz</td><td>Zapotec Loxicha</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>widz</td><td> Coatlan (Zps)</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>widz</td><td> Yalalag (Zpu)</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wizh</td><td>Coatlan Loxicha Zapotec</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wid7</td><td>Nukak</td><td><h6>Nukak (Guaviare, Maczsa, Nukak Maku) The Nukak people live between the Guaviare and Inirida rivers, in the depths of the tropical humid forest, on the fringe of the Amazon basin, in Guaviare Department, Republic of Colombia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wid7</td><td>Nukak Maku</td><td><h6>Colombia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wid7</td><td>Waviare</td><td><h6>Waviare (a.k.a. Makusa, Nukak Maku, Carabayo, Guaviare) South America</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>widoh (wEdho)</td><td>Jupda</td><td><h6>(also called Hup, Hupde, Hupda, Hupde, Hupda Maku, Macu, Maku-Hupda, Macu De, Hupda, and Jupde) is one of the four Nadahup languages. It is spoken by the Hupda and Yohup, indigenous Amazonian peoples who live in Brazil and Colombia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wEdoh</td><td>Yuhup</td><td><h6>North-west Amazonia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wbw~iZ</td><td>Zapotec San Lucas Quiavini</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gw~biZ (gw~ba)</td><td>Zapotec Zoogocho</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bidza </td><td>Zapotec (Juarez) (zaa) </td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gubidza</td><td>Zapotec Southern Rincon</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gubidxa</td><td>Zapotec</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gubidge</td><td>Tilquiapan (Zts)</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gubidgi</td><td> Santa Inas Yatzechi (Zpn)</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gubi(h)dz</td><td>Zapotec (Mitla) (Zaw)</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gubidza</td><td>Zapotec (Isthmus) (Zai)</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gubidz</td><td> San Juan Guelavia (Zab)</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ngubidzi</td><td> Ocotlan (Zac)</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>obidza</td><td> Choapan (Zpc)</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mbidz</td><td> Amatlan (Zpo)</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mbidge</td><td>Xanagua (Ztg)</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mbidge (ngbidg)</td><td>Quioquitani-Quieri (Ztq)</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>g(w)iz</td><td> Zaniza (Zpw)</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wbidz</td><td> Cajonos (Zad)</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dad-ubiza</td><td> Yareni (Zae)</td><td><h6>The first part (dad) is from regional Spanish tata meaning 'father'. The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dzang(w)idz</td><td> Ayoquesco (Zaf)</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>g(w)bidz</td><td> Yatzachi (Zav)</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wi(h)dz; gobidz</td><td> San Pedro Quiatoni (Zpf)</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, Mexico, the center of Oaxaca state</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ngbiz</td><td> Santa Maria Quiegolani (Zpi)</td><td><h6>Zapotec (Quiegolani) is a language of native americans in Southern Mexico (Oaxaca state), Oto-Manguean language family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q'ij</td><td>Kiche</td><td><h6>Kiche, or Quiche, is spoken by about a million speakers in Guatemala, where it is the second most widely spoken language after Spanish. Kiche belongs to the Mayan language family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>'ij</td><td>Achi</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Guatemala, Mayan language family. The language is very closely related to K'iche' (Quiche).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bitshia</td><td>Lachixio (Zpl)</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, Southern Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>do</td><td>Texmelucan (Zpz)</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, SOuthern Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hase</td><td>Mobilian Jargon</td><td><h6>Mobilian Jargon (also Mobilian trade language, Mobilian Trade Jargon, Chickasaw–Choctaw trade language, Yama) was a pidgin used as a lingua franca among Native American groups living along the Gulf of Mexico around the time of European settlement of the region.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>haso7 k'atena</td><td>Pilaga</td><td><h6>Pilaga is a Guaicuruan language spoken by 4,000 people in the Bermejo and Pilcomayo River valleys, western Formosa Province, in Northeastern Argentina.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tena</td><td>Siriono</td><td><h6>Siriono is a Tupian language spoken by about 400 Sirionу people (50 are monolingual) and 120 Yuqui in eastern Bolivia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>te*nda</td><td>Yuqui</td><td><h6>The Yuqui are an indigenous people of Bolivia. They primarily live in the Santa Cruz and Cochabamba Departments of central Bolivia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>k'u</td><td>Acatec (Aсatek, Akateko)</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Guatemala, Mayan language family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>k'u</td><td>Acateco San Miguel Acatan</td><td><h6>Akatek (Acateco) is a Mayan language spoken by the Akatek people primarily in the Huehuetenango Department, Guatemala in and around the municipalities of Concepciуn Huista, Nentуn, San Miguel Acatan...</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>k'u</td><td>Chuj San Mateo Ixtatan</td><td><h6>Guatemala</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>k'u</td><td>Chuj</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Guatemala, Mayan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>k'u</td><td>Kanjobal</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Guatemala, Mayan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>k'u</td><td>Qanjobal Santa Eulalia</td><td><h6>Guatemala</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kucha</td><td>Chatino (Yaitepec)</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Mexico, Oto-Manguean language family. </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kucha2; xo7o kiCa</td><td>Chatino (Tataltepec)</td><td><h6>Zapotecan; Oto-Manguean; Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>k'iCa</td><td>Huasteco</td><td><h6>Huasteco (Huastec) is a Mayan language with about 150,000 speakers in Mexico, mainly in the states of San Luis Potosi, Veracruz and Tamaulipas</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>k'iCa</td><td>San Luнs Potosн Huastec</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Mayan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kw~iCa</td><td>Chatino Western Highland</td><td><h6>Mexico, the Oaxaco state</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>k'in</td><td>Ch'olti' (Cholti)</td><td><h6>The Ch'olti' language is an extinct Mayan language which was spoken by the Manche Ch'ol people of eastern Guatemala and Southern Belize.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>k'in; lah C'utat</td><td>Chol Tila</td><td><h6>The Southern Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>k'in</td><td>Chontal Tabasco</td><td><h6>The language of native americans (Mexico), Mayan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>k'in</td><td>Chorti</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Mayan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>k'in</td><td>Lacandon</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Mayan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>k'in</td><td>Mopan</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, who live in the Peten Department of Guatemala and in the Maya Mountains region of Belize.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>k'in</td><td>Mopan San Luis Peten</td><td><h6>Guatemala</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>k'in</td><td>Maya Yucatan</td><td><h6>(Maya Yucateca) Mexico, Yucatan state</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>k"in</td><td>Chorti Jocotan</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Mayan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>k'iin</td><td>Yucatec Maya</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Mayan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>k'in</td><td>Maya</td><td><h6>The ancient civilization of America (III-X c. BC)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kiin</td><td>Yucatec </td><td><h6>(Maya Yucateco) — one of Maaya languages, spoken at Yucatan peninsula, in Northern Belize and part of Guatemala. The speakers of the language call it 'Maaya'.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kin (k'in)</td><td>Itza-Maya</td><td><h6>a.k.a. Itza, Itzaj (known to its own speakers simply as Maya) is a Mayan language of Northern Guatemala and Belize. </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tz'ayik</td><td>Jacalteco</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Mayan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tz'a'ik</td><td>Mocho</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Guatemala and Southeastern Mexico, Mayan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>g'i</td><td>Olamentke</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in California, USA</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q'ij</td><td>Ixil</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Guatemala, Mayan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q'ij</td><td>Mam</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Guatemala, Mayan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q'ij</td><td>Cakchiquel (Kakchikel)</td><td><h6>Guatemala</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q'ix</td><td>Northern San Martin Jilotepeque</td><td><h6>Guatemala</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q'ix</td><td>Southern Cakchiquel San Andres Itzapa</td><td><h6>Guatemala</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q'ix</td><td>Western Cakchiquel Patzun</td><td><h6>Guatemala</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q'ix</td><td>Achi—Rabinal</td><td><h6>Achi is a Mayan language very closely related to K'iche'. It is spoken by the Achi people, primarily in the department of Baja Verapaz in Guatemala. There are two Achi dialects. Rabinal Achi is spoken in the Rabinal area, and Cubulco Achi is spoken in the Cubulco area west of Rabinal. Guatemala. South America.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q'ix</td><td>Northern Cakchiquel San Martin Jilotepeque</td><td><h6>This language is spoken in Guatemala</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q'ix</td><td>Northern Cakchiquel Tecpan</td><td><h6>Guatemala</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q'ix</td><td>Northern Mam San Ildefonso Ixtahuacan</td><td><h6>a Mayan language (San Ildefonso Ixtahuacan, one of the towns in the Northern Mam region).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q'ix</td><td>Pocomam Eastern</td><td><h6>Guatemala</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q'ix</td><td>Pocomam San Luis Jilotepeque</td><td><h6>Guatemala</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q'ix</td><td>Poqomchi Western</td><td><h6>Poqomchi is a Mayan language spoken by the Poqomchi’ Maya of Guatemala, and is very closely related to Poqomam.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q'ix</td><td>Sipakapense</td><td><h6>Sipakapense is a Mayan language, closely related to K'iche'. It is spoken natively within indigenous Sipakapense communities, primarily based in the Guatemalan municipality of Sipacapa, department of San Marcos.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q'ix</td><td>Southern Cakchiquel San Andres Itzapa</td><td><h6>Guatemala</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q'ix</td><td>Southern Mam San Juan Ostuncalco</td><td><h6>Guatemala</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q'ix</td><td>Sacapulteco Sacapulas Centro</td><td><h6>Guatemala</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q'ix</td><td>Tzutujil San Juan La Laguna</td><td><h6>Guatemala</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q'ix</td><td>Tzutujil Santiago Atitlan</td><td><h6>Guatemala</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q'ix</td><td>Tzutujil Western</td><td><h6>Guatemala</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q'ix</td><td>Western Pocomam San Cristobal Verapaz</td><td><h6>Guatemala</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q'ix</td><td>Western Quiche Momostenango</td><td><h6>Guatemala</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q'ix</td><td>Western Quiche Santa Catarina Ixtahuacan</td><td><h6>the Solola department of Guatemala</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q'ix</td><td>Western Quiche Totonicapan</td><td><h6>western Guatemala</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q'ix</td><td>Uspanteko</td><td><h6>The Uspanteko (Uspanteco, Uspanteko, Uspantec) is a Mayan language of Guatemala, closely related to K'iche'.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q'ix</td><td>Western Cakchiquel Patzun</td><td><h6>an indigenous Mesoamerican language in Guatemala</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q'ix</td><td>Central Quiche</td><td><h6>Guatemala</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q'ix</td><td>Central Quiche Santa Maria Chiquimula</td><td><h6>Guatemala</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q'ix</td><td>Eastern Quiche Rabinal</td><td><h6>Guatemala</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q“ex (q'ex)</td><td>Aguacateco</td><td><h6>A Mayan language spoken in Guatemala.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q“ex</td><td>Aguacateco-Aguacatan</td><td><h6>A Mayan language spoken in Guatemala.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ix</td><td>Kichee Cubulco</td><td><h6>Cubulco is a small town located in the Guatemalan department of Baja Verapaz.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>XiX</td><td>Kichee (Quiche), all dialects</td><td><h6>Guatemala</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q'iij</td><td>Pocomchi</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Guatemala, Mayan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q'iij</td><td>Quiche</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Guatemala, Mayan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q'iij</td><td>Sacapulteco</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Guatemala, Mayan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q'iij</td><td>Sipacapense</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Guatemala, Mayan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q'iij</td><td>Tectiteco</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Guatemala, Mayan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q'iij</td><td>Tzutujil</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Guatemala, Mayan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q'iij</td><td>Uspanteco</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Guatemala, Mayan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q'iij</td><td>Poqomam </td><td><h6>Poqomam (Pokomam) is a Mayan language, closely related to Poqomchi’. It is spoken by 50,000 people in several small regions in Guatemala.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>k'ak'u</td><td>Tojolabal</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Southern Mexico, Mayan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>k'akal</td><td>Tzeltal</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Southern Mexico, Mayan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>k'ak'al</td><td>Tzotzil</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, spoken today by 78,000 Indians of the state of Chiapas, Southern Mexico. Mayan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>k'ak'al</td><td>Tzeltal Bachajon</td><td><h6>a Mayan language spoken in the North-east part of the state of Chiapas in Mexico.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>k'ak'al</td><td>Tzotzil Huixtan</td><td><h6>Tzotzil is a Maya language spoken by the indigenous Tzotzil Maya people in the Mexican state of Chiapas</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>k'ak'al</td><td>Tzotzil San Andres</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>k'ak'al</td><td>Tzotzil Zinacantan</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>q'aq'al</td><td>Chicomuceltec</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Southern Mexico, Mayan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>k'al</td><td>Tzeltal Oxchuc</td><td><h6>(Cancuc, Chanal, Highland Tzeltal, Oxchuc Tzeltal, Tenango, Tenejapa, Tseltal, Tzeltal) — a Mayan language in the state of Chiapas in Mexico (Oxchuc municipality)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>T'ul k'ak'al</td><td>Tzotzil Venustiano Carranza</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nikuaсa</td><td>Bogota</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Panama, Chibchan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kak</td><td>Boruca (Borunca)</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Chibchan language family, Costa Rica, Central America</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ahka; daska</td><td>Subtiaba</td><td><h6>Subtiaba is an extinct Oto-Manguean language which was spoken on the Pacific slope of Nicaragua</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ahpuLa</td><td>Cuitlatec</td><td><h6>Mexico, Guerrero state</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hka7</td><td>Mephaa Acatepec</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>a3kha'3</td><td>Tlapaneco</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Mexico (Guerrero State), Oto-Manguean language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>akh~a</td><td>Tlacoapa Mephaa</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>akh~a7</td><td>Tlapanec Malinaltepec</td><td><h6>Tlapanec is an indigenous Mexican language spoken by more than 98,000 Tlapanec people in the state of Guerrero.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pan; pari</td><td>Xinca</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Guatemala, Chibchan language family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pari (?)</td><td>Yupultepec</td><td><h6>(a.k.a. Chiquimulilla) an extinct language of native americans in Guatemala.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lapta</td><td>Miskito (Miskitu)</td><td><h6>The Native American language belonging to the Chibchan family (Misumalpan group). It is spoken in Nicaragua and Honduras by approximately 180,000 Miskitos people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yamat</td><td>Puinave</td><td><h6>Spoken along the Colombia Border, Eastern Central Region, Venezuela. Also spoken in Colombia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yantonu</td><td>Yabarana</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Amazonas state (Brazil), Caribbean language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ya; na (nyaa)</td><td>Bari</td><td><h6>The language of native americans at Northern Colombia near Venezuelian border, Chibchan language family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5a7</td><td>Walapai</td><td><h6>Havasupai-Hualapai (Havasupai-Walapai) is the Native American language spoken by the Hualapai (also spelled Walapai) and Havasupai peoples of Northwestern Arizona.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5a</td><td>Paipai</td><td><h6>The extinct language of native people Paipai, in Ensenada city (Baja California, Mexico).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5a</td><td>Venezuelan Bari</td><td><h6>Venezuelan Bari is a Chibchan language spoken in Venezuela</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5umbui</td><td>Mangue</td><td><h6>Nicaragua</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nareupa</td><td>Cuica</td><td><h6>Venezuela</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ninik (nuunik)</td><td>Rama</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Nicaragua, Chibchan language family, Votic Chibchan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ninguane; iriratro</td><td>Guaymi</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Costa Rica, Chibchan language family, Isthmic Chibchan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ninguane (noa5a)</td><td>Ngabere</td><td><h6>The language of 150,000 native americans in Panama and Costa Rica, Chibchan language family (Guaymi; Chibchan; South America)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nd~iNNa7</td><td>Chimila</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Chibchan language family, Southeastern Chibchan (Nothern Colombia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5ica5ii</td><td>Mixteco De San Juan Colorado</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nj~ika nj~i</td><td>Mixteco de Penyoles</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ndikandi</td><td>Chalcatongo Mixtec</td><td><h6>Mexico, the Oaxaca state</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nikadi</td><td>Jicaltepec Mixtec</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nd~ikand~i</td><td>Yosondua Mixtec</td><td><h6>The south of Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kandii</td><td>To'on Savi</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>konhon'</td><td>Pame</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family (Pamean; Oto-Manguean; North America)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>konh~u7</td><td>Central Pame</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>numu</td><td>Chorotega</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nomo</td><td>Mangue</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Central America, Oto-Manguean language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>noa5a</td><td>Ngabere</td><td><h6>Ngabere Indian Language (Guaymi, Chiriqui). Ngabere is a Chibchan language of Central America, spoken by 150,000 people in Panama and Costa Rica.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ndikandii</td><td>Mixteco</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Mexico, Oto-Manguean language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5ikandyi</td><td>Mixteco de Chayuco</td><td><h6>the Oaxaca state, Mexico)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5u*7u</td><td>Mixtec Alcozauca</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>5u7un</td><td>Mixtec Northern Tlaxiaco</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>diwo</td><td>Bribri</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Chibchan language family (Chibchan; North America). Costa Rica (near to the Panama border)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>doro; dlo</td><td>Teribe</td><td><h6>Teribe is a language spoken by the Naso or Teribe Indians; it is used primarily in the Bocas del Toro Province of Northwestern Panama and in the Southern part of Costa Rica's Puntarenas Province</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>do</td><td>Yaruro</td><td><h6>spoken in the West Central Region, Venezuela.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kawo</td><td>Cabecar</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Costa Rica, Chibchan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kaNvuh</td><td>Cabecar Chiripo</td><td><h6>Costa Rica</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kawe</td><td>Salinan</td><td><h6>The language of native americans (California), Hokan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cu·war (c'u:war)</td><td>Shasta</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Hokan language family. At the California and Oregon states border.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ar; kwarahy; kwarahya</td><td>Parakan</td><td><h6>Parakan is a Tupi-Guarani language spoken by about 800 indigenous people in Brazil (Xingu, State of Para).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kuwer; war</td><td>Kaera</td><td><h6>Southern Indonesia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kw~ala3 (kw~ara3) </td><td>Wayampi</td><td><h6>Wayampi (Guayapi, Oiampi) is a Tupi-Guarani language spoken by the Wayampi people. It is spoken in French Guyana and Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kw~ala3</td><td>Emerillon </td><td><h6>Tupi-Guarani; Tupian; South America, Gayana</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kw~an</td><td>Tapirape</td><td><h6>The language of the Tapirape indigenous people in central Brazil</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kw~ar</td><td>Ava Canoeiro</td><td><h6>Ava-Canoeiro, known as Ava or Canoe, is a minor Tupi-Guarani language of the state of Goias, in the Amazon region of Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kw~ara</td><td>Amondava</td><td><h6>(local name is uru-eu-uau-uau) Brazil, near the border with Bolivia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kw~ara</td><td>Parintintin</td><td><h6>The Parintintin are an indigenous people who live in Brazil in the Madeira River basin.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kw~ara</td><td>Uruewauwau</td><td><h6>Brazil (near Bolivian border)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kw~arah3</td><td>Akwawa</td><td><h6>Akwawa is a Tupi-Guarani dialect cluster spoken in Para in western Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kw~arah3</td><td>Guajá</td><td><h6>Guaja (or Awa, Ayaya, Guaxare, Wazaizara, Guajajara), isolated language of Tupi-Guarani family in Brazil, Para state.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kw~arah3</td><td>Surui do Para</td><td><h6>The Surui do Para dialect of the Tupian Akwawa language of Brazil is spoken in the Araguaia region in the state Para</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kw~arah3a</td><td>Parakana</td><td><h6>western Brazil</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kw~arahi</td><td>Guarani Antigo</td><td><h6>Paraguay</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kw~arahi</td><td>Guarani Kaiwa</td><td><h6>Southern Brazil, near the Paraguayan border.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kw~arasi</td><td>Pankararu</td><td><h6>Pankararu is an extinct language of eastern Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kw~arha</td><td>Xeta</td><td><h6>Xeta is an extinct Tupi-Guarani language of Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kw~arosi</td><td>Omagua</td><td><h6>Peru and by a number of semi-speakers near the town of Tefe in Brazil</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kw~at</td><td>Asurini</td><td><h6>Tupi-Guarani; Tupian; South America</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kw~at</td><td>Aweti</td><td><h6>one of the Tupian languages of Central Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kw~at</td><td>Kamayura</td><td><h6>The Kamayura language belongs to the Tupi-Guarani family, and is spoken by the Kamayura people of Brazil</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kw~at</td><td>Kayabi</td><td><h6>Kayabi (Caiabi) is a Tupian language spoken by the Kayabi people of Mato Grosso, Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kw~azadi</td><td>Xipaya</td><td><h6>Xipaya (or Shipaja or Xipaia) is an endangered language spoken in the Para region of Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hwa</td><td>Taruma</td><td><h6>Northern Brazilia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Swa (hwa)</td><td>Muniche</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Peru</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hw~ala7</td><td>Wichi Lhamtes Guisnay</td><td><h6>North Argentina</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fwala (ifwala)</td><td>Wichi Lhamtes</td><td><h6>the northern part of Argentina and the Northern Bolivia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ihw~ala</td><td>Wichi Lhamtes Vejoz</td><td><h6>It is a Mataco-Guaicuru language of Argentina and Bolivia. Speakers are concentrated in Northern parts of Chaco, Formosa, Salta, Jujuy Provinces, as well as west of Toba, the upper Bermejo River valley, and Pilcomayo River.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>h<sup>w</sup>a'laʔ (fwala)</td><td>Wichi</td><td><h6>Wichi is a Matacoan language spoken among the Wichi people of Argentina and Bolivia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fw~ala</td><td>Mataco</td><td><h6>Northern Argentine (at the border with Paraguy)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kwara</td><td>Wirafed</td><td><h6>the language of Tupi-Guarani family in Brazil, Moto Grosso state (near the border with Bolivia).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kwaras3</td><td>Tapiete</td><td><h6>Tapiete is a Tupi-Guarani language spoken by 33 Paraguayans, 100 Argentines, and 70 Bolivians.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kwarahi</td><td>Turiwara</td><td><h6>Turiwara is an extinct Tupi-Guarani language of the state of Para, in the Amazon region of Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kuarahy</td><td>Guarani</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Paraguay, Tupian language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kuarasy</td><td>Tupinamba</td><td><h6>(Nhe'engatu, Tupynamba) Tupi-Guarany language family. Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kuarasi</td><td>Chiriguano</td><td><h6>Tupi-Guarani; Tupian (a language in Northern Argentina)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kuarasy</td><td>Tupi</td><td><h6>the language of Tupi tribes that inhabit the Brazilian coast at the time of Portuguese come (the language died 300 years ago)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kwazadi</td><td>Shipaya</td><td><h6>(Shipaja, Xipaia) The nearly extinct language of native americans in Brazil (the Para state), Tupian language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kuarahy</td><td>Guarani </td><td><h6>(Avane'e) Indian language, spoken in some South America countries, one of the two state languages of Paraguay. The language belongs to the Tupi-Guarani subfamily of the Tupian languages.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kuad3</td><td>Yuruna</td><td><h6>(Alternate Names: Juruna, Iuruna, Jaruna, Yudja, Yudya). Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kuat (kw~at))</td><td>Kamaiura</td><td><h6>Tupi-Guarani; Tupian; (Northern Brazil).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kuarai</td><td>Mbya</td><td><h6>the Southern Paraguay</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ra; kuarai</td><td>Kaingang (a.k.a. Bugre, Kaingan, Coroado, Coroados, Caingang)</td><td><h6>Southern Brazil</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yaSa</td><td>Lenca—El Salvador</td><td><h6>one of the indigenous Mesoamerican languages (Salvador).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ra7asa</td><td>Mocovi</td><td><h6>The Mocovi language is a Guaicuruan language of Argentina spoken by about 3,000 people, mostly in Santa Fe province.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>rasa (ra'sa)</td><td>Tunebo</td><td><h6>The Uwa language, Uw Cuwa, commonly known as Tunebo, is a Chibchan language spoken by between 1,800 and 3,600 of the Uwa people of Colombia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yekbay</td><td>Payagua</td><td><h6>Payagua (Payawa) is an extinct language of Paraguay, Argentina, and Bolivia, spoken by the Payagua Indians.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kuikae (kw~ikay)</td><td>Kapishana (Capishana)</td><td><h6>Kapishana (a.k.a. Kanoe) is a nearly extinct language isolate of Rondonia, Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kiakop</td><td>Tupari</td><td><h6>Tupari is a Tupian language of Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kiakop</td><td>Mekens</td><td><h6>Western Brazil, the Rondonia state</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kokoy; loc'akh~</td><td>Jicaque</td><td><h6>Honduras</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>loc'ak</td><td>Tol </td><td><h6>the language of 500 indians in Francisco Morazan Department in Honduras</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eoke</td><td>Coeruna</td><td><h6>the North-Western Brazil</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ka wo; bei bulu</td><td>Cabecar</td><td><h6>Costa Rica (Central America)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Coi</td><td>Buglere Murire</td><td><h6>Panama</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kie; kiepurig</td><td>Maipure</td><td><h6>Venezuela (South America)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kai (kei)</td><td>Paraujano</td><td><h6>Paraujano is an Arawakan language spoken by the Paraujano (or Anu) people of Venezuela.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kerele</td><td>Dorasque</td><td><h6>The endangered language of native americans in Panama, Chibchan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kokobuyo</td><td>Kankuamo</td><td><h6>The endangered language of native americans in Colombia, Chibchan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>keliku</td><td>Changuena</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Panama, Chibchan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>atokachi</td><td>Apurina</td><td><h6>The language of the South America aborigines in Sestern Brazil, Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cuarachi</td><td>Cocama (Kokama)</td><td><h6>Tupi-Guarani; Tupian; western South America (Peru).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kachi</td><td>Chontaquiro</td><td><h6>The language of the South America aborigines, Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kache</td><td>Guana</td><td><h6>The language of the South America aborigines in Brazil, Arawakan language family (Mascoian; Mascoian; South America)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kaSE</td><td>Kinikinau</td><td><h6>Brazil. Terena, Chane, Guana and Kinikinau are one and the same language (almost dead)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>aligexe</td><td>Kadiweu</td><td><h6>Brazil, the Mata Grosso do Sul state</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ha'i (kESe)</td><td>Terena</td><td><h6>The language of the South America aborigines (Brazil), Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ket3</td><td>Bahuana</td><td><h6>the language on the Northern part of Brazil</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oes</td><td>Guachi</td><td><h6>Brazil, The Mata Grosso do Sul province</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ipe</td><td>Cuna (Kuna)</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Panama, Chibchan language family, Isthmic Chibchan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>weju (weyu)</td><td>Carib</td><td><h6>Spoken along the North Coast, Suriname. Also spoken in Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana and Venezuela.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>guey</td><td>Taino</td><td><h6>The language is spoken by the Taino people of Puerto Rico and other islands of the Caribbean such as Cuba, Jamaica, and the Dominican Republic/Haiti. Taino is an Arawakan language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>weyeyu</td><td>Island Carib</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Dominica island, South America, Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kaCi; weyu</td><td>Carib as of 1665</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Grenada (South Grenadines Islands), Cariban language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>weju</td><td>Carib De'kwana</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Venezuela, Caribbean language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>veyu</td><td>Tamanaku</td><td><h6>The indengered language of native americans in Venezuela, Caribbean language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>veyu</td><td>Trio</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Surinam, Caribbean language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>weyu</td><td>Akawaio</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Guyana, Caribbean language family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>weyu</td><td>Garifuna</td><td><h6>Garifuna (Karif) is a minority language widely spoken in villages of Garifuna people in the western part of the Northern coast of Central America.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>weyu</td><td>Kalina</td><td><h6>Suriname (South America)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wekulue (wecoelije)</td><td>Shebayo</td><td><h6>The language of the South America aborigines (Trinidad), Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>veyu; sis</td><td>Chaima</td><td><h6>(a.k.a. Cumanogota, Cumanagota, Cumana, Kumana, Chayma) The language of native americans at eastern seashore of Venezuela. Caribbean language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vishu</td><td>Japreria</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Venezuela, Caribbean language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vicho</td><td>Yukpa</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Northwestern Venezuela, Caribbean language family, Northern Cariban</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wyi</td><td>Atruahi</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Brazil (350 persons speaking), Caribbean language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wei</td><td>Akurio</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Suriname, Caribbean language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wei</td><td>Ingariko</td><td><h6>The language of 500 native americans in Brazil, Caribbean language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wei</td><td>Macushi</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Northern Brazil (Raraima state), Caribbean language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vai</td><td>Arecuna Pemon</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Guyana, Caribbean language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wei</td><td>Taurepan Pemon</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in southeastern Venezuela, Caribbean language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wei</td><td>Tiriyo</td><td><h6>The Tiriyo are located on both sides of the Brazil-Suriname border in Lowland South America.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wei</td><td>Makushi</td><td><h6>Northern Brazil (the Raraima state)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>w3i</td><td>Waimiri</td><td><h6>The Uaimiris-Atroari or Waimiri-Atroari are an indigenous group inhabiting the southeastern part of the Brazilian state of Roraima</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bei/wey</td><td>Carijona/Umaua dialect</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Columbia, Caribbean language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>be</td><td>Camaracoto</td><td><h6>The language of 800 native americans in Venezuela and Brazil, Caribbean language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bE*</td><td>Takelma</td><td><h6>Takelma was the language spoken by the Latgawa and Takelma people and Cow Creek band of Upper Umpqua. Southwestern Oregon (USA)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tsan (ca; eca)</td><td>Achuar-Shiwiar</td><td><h6>a.k.a. Achuar, Jivaro, Maina; a Jivaroan language spoken along the Pastaza and Bobonaza rivers in Ecuador.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zaari (sari)</td><td>Candoshi</td><td><h6>Nothern Peru.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Swa</td><td>Muniche (Munichi)</td><td><h6>Muniche is an indigenous language of South America, spoken by only a few elders in Peru (in the village of Munichis, about 16 km west of Yurimaguas, Loreto Region).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ses</td><td>Baure</td><td><h6>The language of the South America aborigines, Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eca (etsa)</td><td>Shuar</td><td><h6>The people who speak the Shuar language live in Ecuador in tropical rainforest between the upper mountains of the Andes, the tropical rainforests and savannas of the Amazonian lowlands.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>eca</td><td>Jivaro Shuar</td><td><h6>Ecuador</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>etsa</td><td>Aguaruna</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Northern Peru, Jivaroan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>etsa; eca</td><td>Huambisa</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Peru, Jivaroan language family. South America.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xixi</td><td>Apalai</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Caribbean language family (Brazilia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sisi</td><td>Wayana</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Caribbean language family, Northern Cariban. Spoken along the Border with French Guiana, South Eastern Region, Suriname. Also Spoken in French Guiana.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xuxu (S3S3)</td><td>Bakairi</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Brazil, Caribbean language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>sesi; esese; pici</td><td>Shikuyana</td><td><h6>Sikiana (Shikiana), or Kashuyana (Kaxuiana?), is a Carib language that was spoken by 33 people in Brazil and 15 people in Suriname.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>esese</td><td>Kaxuyana</td><td><h6>The language of native americans tribe at the Northern Brazil</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cici</td><td>Apingi</td><td><h6>Apingi, a.k.a. Tocantins, is an extinct and poorly attested Cariban language in Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hisi</td><td>Xapaitiiso (Piraha**)</td><td><h6>a language spoken by the Piraha — an indigenous people of Amazonas, Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hisi</td><td>Piraha</td><td><h6>Piraha (also spelled Piraha, Pirahan), or Mura-Piraha, is the indigenous language of the isolated Piraha of Amazonas, Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>titi</td><td>Arara do Para</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in northern Brazil, Caribbean language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>chichi</td><td>Ikpeng</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in central region of Brazil, Caribbean language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>chi</td><td>Maquiritari</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Venezuela, Caribbean language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>guiti (xiti)</td><td>Kuikuro</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Central Brazil, Caribbean language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>guii (gui)</td><td>Triqui</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in the south of Mexico, Oto-Manguean language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tsizi</td><td>Yaruma</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Brazil, Caribbean language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>witi</td><td>Matipuhy</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Central Brazil, Caribbean language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wisi</td><td>Kabre</td><td><h6>Cabre (Cabere, Cavere) is an extinct Arawakan language of Colombia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uwahci•l</td><td>Natchez †</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Gulf language family. South Oregon and Northern California</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>galhora</td><td>Oaxaca</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Mexico, Hokan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>galhora</td><td>Highland Chontal</td><td><h6>Tequistlatecan; Tequistlatecan; Mexico.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>galhora</td><td>Oaxacan Chontal</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Mexico, Hokan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>galhora; naty</td><td>Chontal languages (various)</td><td><h6>(Oaxaca, Mexico) — Tequistlatecan language (probably part of Hokan); San Matias dialect</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>teat nut</td><td>Huave</td><td><h6>Huave is a Mexican language of native americans not known to be related to any other living language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ora</td><td>Highland Tequistlatec</td><td><h6>Southern Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mp~ae (mp~a*)</td><td>Pame De Jiliapan 1767</td><td><h6>an indigenous language of Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mp~a*7i*</td><td>Pame De Paluca 1958</td><td><h6>an indigenous language of Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mp~a*7a*</td><td>Pame Meridional</td><td><h6>an indigenous language of Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>la:</td><td>Eastern Pomo</td><td><h6>Hokan language family: Pomo group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>alla; ulla; 'as:a</td><td>Chimariko</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Hokan language family. USA, Northwestern California.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pilant</td><td>Yuki</td><td><h6>The language of native americans. Yukian; Wappo-Yukian; USA, Northern California</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>da/la/da</td><td>Pomo</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Hokan language family, Central/Easter/Northern Pomo</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>da</td><td>Central Pomo</td><td><h6>Hokan language family: Pomo group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hada</td><td>Kashaya</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Hokan language family; North America</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>h'a'da</td><td>Southern Pomo</td><td><h6>Hokan language family: Pomo group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>da; mc'ilda</td><td>Southeastern Pomo</td><td><h6>Hokan language family: Pomo group (California, USA)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>d'a-ka</td><td>Northeastern Pomo</td><td><h6>Hokan language family: Pomo group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>m'it'a:</td><td>Northern Pomo</td><td><h6>Hokan language family: Pomo group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bari; wari</td><td>Kashibo (Cashibo)</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Peru (central region), Pano-Tacanan language family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bari</td><td>Capanahua</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Peru, near the Brazil border, Pano-Tacanan language family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bari</td><td>Chacobo</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in northern Bolivia, Pano-Tacanan language family. South America.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bari(-s) </td><td>Shipibo-Konibo</td><td><h6>Panoan; Panoan; South America. Shipibo-Konibo is the union of Indian tribes in the Amazon Jungle at the territiry of modern Peru.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bari</td><td>Shipibo</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Peru, Pano-Tacanan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bari</td><td>Katukina Pano</td><td><h6>Waninawa, also known as Kamanawa and Panoan Katukina, is a Panoan language of Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vari</td><td>Amahuaca</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in the eastern Peru, near the Brazilien border; Pano-Tacanan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vari</td><td>Marubo</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Brazil, near the Peru border. Pano-Tacanan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vari</td><td>Pacahuara</td><td><h6>The extinct language of native americans in Bolivia, Pano-Tacanan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>vari</td><td>Yawanawa</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Brazil, near the Peru border. Pano-Tacanan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ari</td><td>Pauserna</td><td><h6>Pauserna, or Guarasugwe, is a moribund Tupi-Guarani language of Bolivia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ar3</td><td>Guarayu</td><td><h6>Bolivia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wari</td><td>Poyanawa</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Brazil, near Peru. Pano-Tacanan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wari</td><td>Mastanahua</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in eastern Peru, Pano-Tacanan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wari</td><td>Atsahuaca</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Peru, Pano-Tacanan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wari</td><td>Nocaman</td><td><h6>an extinct Pano-Tacanan language of South America. Nocaman was once spoken in Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wari</td><td>Kulina Pano</td><td><h6>Western Brazil</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bari</td><td>Huariapano</td><td><h6>Peru</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wari</td><td>Isconahua</td><td><h6>Peru</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fari; Sund~i</td><td>Sharanahua</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Pano-Tacanan language family. Peru (on the border with Brazilia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tuhati</td><td>Inapari</td><td><h6>The language of the South America aborigines, Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hadale</td><td>Inyeri</td><td><h6>The language of the South America aborigines, Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>somanlu</td><td>Jumana</td><td><h6>The language of the South America aborigines, Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wese; badi</td><td>Mayoruna</td><td><h6>The language of native americans at the Brazil-Peru border, Pano-Tacanan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>fari7</td><td>Shanenawa</td><td><h6>Shaninawa is a Panoan language of South America.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>varixi</td><td>Sensi</td><td><h6>Sensi (Senti, Tenti, Mananahua) is an extinct Panoan language, spoken on the right bank of the Ucayali River, Peru.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wali</td><td>Chitonahua</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Peru, Pano-Tacanan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wachi (waCi)</td><td>Kaxarari</td><td><h6>The language of native americans at the Western Brazil, Pano-Tacanan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wapaC'a</td><td>Itonama</td><td><h6>Itonama is a moribund language isolate spoken by the Itonama people in the Amazonian lowlands of north-eastern Bolivia. Only few people speak the language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>badi</td><td>Cashinahua</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Pano-Tacanan language family. Peru</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>badiadan CeNkekit</td><td>Matses</td><td><h6>Northeastern Peru</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bada; be:de; budu</td><td>Xavante</td><td><h6>an Amerindian language (Ge family) spoken by the Xavante people in about 170 villages within the territory of eastern Mato Grosso, in Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>badi</td><td>Karipuna</td><td><h6>The language of the South America aborigines in Brazil (at the border witn Gayana), Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>badi</td><td>Kaxinawa</td><td><h6>Peru</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>idati</td><td>Tacana</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Northern Bolivia, Pano-Tacanan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ijeti</td><td>Cavinena</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Northern Bolivia, Pano-Tacanan language family (Bolivia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>icheti</td><td>Reyesano</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Bolivia, Pano-Tacanan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>exeti</td><td>Huarayo</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Peru, Pano-Tacanan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>zeti</td><td>Araona</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Northern Bolivia, Pano-Tacanan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>watu</td><td>Southern Sierra Miwok</td><td><h6>Uti language family: Miwok group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>watu</td><td>Makasae</td><td><h6>Makasae (also known as Makassai, Macassai, Ma'asae, Makasai) is a Papuan language spoken by about 70,000 people on the eastern part of East Timor, in the districts of Baucau and Viqueque, just to the west of Fataluku.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>watu</td><td>Makasae Baguia</td><td><h6>a Papuan language spoken in the eastern part of Timor-Leste (East Timor)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>watu</td><td>S Sierra Miwok</td><td><h6>California, USA</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hiema; hii; watu</td><td>Miwok</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Penutian language family. There are three dialects - Central Miwok, Coast Miwok, Southern Sierra Miwok</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iSmen; tank</td><td>Rumsen</td><td><h6>the language was spoken by native americans tribe in modern Northern California (USA).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hicmen</td><td>San Jose (???)</td><td><h6>San Jose language may refer to: Tamyen language (California).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>icmen</td><td>San Francisco</td><td><h6>USA</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>icmen ???</td><td>Santa Cruz</td><td><h6>The Santa Cruz language (locally known as Natugu) is the main language spoken on the island of Santa Cruz, in the Solomon Islands.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>wati; hi7ema (hi'e:ma)</td><td>Central Sierra Miwok</td><td><h6>USA, California</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hi; h'i:</td><td>Lake</td><td><h6>The Lake Miwok language is a moribund (or possibly extinct) language of Northern California, traditionally spoken in an area adjacent to the Clear Lake.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hi:</td><td>Plains Miwok</td><td><h6>Uti language family: Miwok group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hi (h'i:)</td><td>Bodega</td><td><h6>Miwok (Bodega). Coast Miwok was one of the Miwok languages spoken in California, from San Francisco Bay to Bodega Bay.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hiSmen; ismen</td><td>Mutsun</td><td><h6>Costanoan; Penutian; California, USA</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hismen</td><td>Costanoan</td><td><h6>(a.k.a. Ohlone) Costanoan; Penutian; USA, California.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hi7ema (hi'e:ma)</td><td>Northern Sierra Miwok</td><td><h6>a Miwok language spoken in California, in the upper Mokelumne and Calaveras valleys.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hisemtuks</td><td>Nez Perce</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Penutian language family. USA, Idaho.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pokom (pok'-o)</td><td>Maidu</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, the western USA</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>p'ok'-0</td><td>Konkow</td><td><h6>Maidu family: Maidu group (the western USA)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ekdam pok'o (ekim pok'o) </td><td>NorthEast Maidu</td><td><h6>one of the dialects of Maidu language of american tribe in the West of USA</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ok</td><td>Nisenan</td><td><h6>Nisenan is a nearly extinct Maiduan language spoken by the Nisenan people of central California in the foothills of the Sierras, in the whole of the American, Bear and Yuba river drainages.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>okpaidu</td><td>Maidu Northwest Nakum</td><td><h6>USA, to the North of Sacramento</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>okpaidu</td><td>Nakum</td><td><h6>the language of indian tribe at the West USA</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>op; opoduh</td><td>Yokuts Tinlinneh</td><td><h6>California, USA</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>opodo, xapil, op</td><td>Yokuts</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in California, Penutian language family, there are three dialects - Foothill Yokuts (Choinimni - in California), Northern Valley Yokuts (Chukchansi), Southern Valley Yokuts (Yawelmani)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>upananu</td><td>Andoa</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Northern Peru.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pananu</td><td>Arabela</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Northern Peru.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>turinap</td><td>Colan</td><td><h6>the Northern Peru</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>natera</td><td>Yameo</td><td><h6>Yameo is an extinct language from Peba-Yaguan language family that was formerly spoken in Peru.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pahta</td><td>Cayapa</td><td><h6>The language of native americans. Barbacoan; Northern Equador.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cixa; chiga</td><td>Cofan</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Equador (on the border with Colombia) South America</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>clon</td><td>Karankawa</td><td><h6>The language of native americans. Karankawa is an extinct language of Texas (at the Mexican Bay seashore), not known to be related to any other living language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>oshach; osadza</td><td>Keres</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in the USA, Mexico state.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>chutata</td><td>Matlatzinca</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in central Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Ch~utata (Cutata) </td><td>Matlatzinca San Francisco Oxtotilpan</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>t'untata; hya</td><td>Ocuiltec</td><td><h6>Ocuiltec, a.k.a. Tlahuica and Atzingo Matlatzinca, is a moribund language closely related to Matlatzinca, an Oto-Manguean language of Central Mexico.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>3*s3*g3</td><td>Siona</td><td><h6>The Siona language (otherwise known as Sioni, Pioje, Pioche-Sioni, Ganteyabain, Ganteya, Ceona, Zeona, Koka) is a Tucanoan language of Colombia and Ecuador.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>3*s3</td><td>Koreguaye</td><td><h6>Colombia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>3*s3</td><td>Orejon</td><td><h6>(Coto, Koto, Mai Ja, Orechon, Oregon, Orejon, Payagua, Tutapi) The language of native americans, spoken in the region of Putumayo river in Peru.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>abe 3*b3*b3*</td><td>Siriano</td><td><h6>Siriano is a Tucanoan language of Colombia, with a few speakers in Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>3b3ag3 buihu</td><td>Barasana (Barasano)</td><td><h6>Barasana is an aboriginal Amerindian language spoken by 1,890 people in Southern Colombia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>u*ba*ka*yi*</td><td>Macuna</td><td><h6>Colombia (on the border with Brazil)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>awia; haraw3kak3</td><td>Cubeo</td><td><h6>Colombia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mw~i5a</td><td>Nonuya</td><td><h6>Nonuya (Nononota) is a nearly extinct language of Colombia and Peru.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ci</td><td>Tecoatl de San Jeronimo</td><td><h6>south-western Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>S3; apas</td><td>Isthmus Mixe</td><td><h6>(Lowland Mixe) Southern Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>S3</td><td>Totontepec</td><td><h6>Totontepec Mixe, called North Highland Mixe, is a Mixe language spoken in Mexico, in the town of Totontepec Villa de Morelos, Oaxaca.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>S3</td><td>North Highland Mixe</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>S3v</td><td>Ulterior Mixe C</td><td><h6>The Southern Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>S37on</td><td>Ayutla Mixe</td><td><h6>Ayutla Mixe is a Mixe-Zoque language spoken in Southern Mexico, in the state of Oaxaca.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>S37an</td><td>South Highland Mixe</td><td><h6>South Highland Mixe, spoken around Santa Maria Tlahuitoltepec (Southern Mexico)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>son'on (soo ?)</td><td>Chocho</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family (Popolocan; Oto-Manguean; North America)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>So*7</td><td>Chocho Ocotlan</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>So*7o*</td><td>Chochotec</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Siny~e</td><td>Camsa (Kamsa)</td><td><h6>The language of native americans. Colombia, near the Equador border</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Cina</td><td>Pakaanova</td><td><h6>The Pakaanova language (also Orowari, Wari, Pacaa Novo, Pacaas Novos, Pakaa Nova, Pakaasnovos) is the sole remaining vibrant language of the Chapacuran language family of the Brazilian-Bolivian border region of the Amazon. It has about 2,700 speakers,</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tinno</td><td>Movima</td><td><h6>Northern Bolivia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cin</td><td>Chimane</td><td><h6>Chimane (Tsimane) is a South American language (western Bolivia).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uCenaki</td><td>Nambikwara</td><td><h6>a Brazilian Indian tribe (near Bolivia border)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uSi</td><td>Arutani</td><td><h6>Arutani (Orotani, Urutani, also known as Awake, Auake, Aoaqui, Oewaku) is a nearly extinct language spoken by only 17 individuals in Roraima, Brazil and two others in the Karum River area of Bolivar State, Venezuela.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>si</td><td>Mixe de Jaltepec</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xii</td><td>Mixe de Coatlan</td><td><h6>The language of native americans. Mixe is a Mize-Zoquean language, related to other languages like Zoque and Popoluca.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xijw</td><td>Popoluca languages (various)</td><td><h6>(Southern Veracruz, Mexico). Mixe-Zoquean language</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>shivi</td><td>Oluta Popoluca</td><td><h6>The language of native americans at the seashore of Mexican Bay. The Popoluca languages are Mixe-Zoquean languages, related to other languages like Mixe and Zoque.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>shujw</td><td>Sayula Popoluca</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Mexico.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>si:w</td><td>Mixe de Tlahuitoltepec</td><td><h6>The language of native americans (Mixe-Zoque; Mixe-Zoque; southern Mexico)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pre*mSi; poremSi*i</td><td>Yanam</td><td><h6>Yanam, or Ninam, is a Yanomaman language spoken in Roraima, Brazil (800 speakers) and Southern Venezuela.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hinii</td><td>Yagua</td><td><h6>The language of native americans. Peba-Yaguan; Peba-Yaguan; South America (Peru)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pi'i</td><td>Shawi</td><td><h6>Cahuapanan family: Cahuapanan group (Northwestern Amazonia, Peru)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pi7i (pi'ih)</td><td>Chayahuita</td><td><h6>Nothern Peru. Chayahuita is an endangered Amazonian language spoken by thousands of native Chayahuita people in the Amazon basin of north-central. Spoken along the banks of the Paranapura, Cahuapanas, Sillay, and Shanusi rivers. It is also known as Chayawita, Shawi, Chawi, Tshaahui, Chayhuita, Chayabita, Cahuapana, Shayabit, Balsapuertino, Paranapura, and Cahuapa. </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>puyni (puine)</td><td>Yuracare </td><td><h6>Yuracare (also Yurakare, Yurakar, Yuracare, Yurucare, Yuracar, Yurakare, Yurujure, Yurujare) is an endangered language isolate of central Bolivia in Cochabamba and Beni departments.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pe</td><td>Jemez</td><td><h6>USA, the New Mexico state</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pi:tsk'um (pickum)</td><td>Alsea</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Oregon state (USA), Penutian language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pit'itcC'o7; qahla</td><td>Quileute</td><td><h6>Quileute was the last Chimakuan language, spoken until the end of the 20th century by Quileute and Makah elders on the western coast of the Olympic peninsula south of Cape Flattery at La Push and the lower Hoh River in Washington State, United States.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pesea</td><td>Northern Embera</td><td><h6>Northwestern Colombia and southeastern Panama</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pisia</td><td>Epena Basurudo</td><td><h6>Colombia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pusat3</td><td>Northern Paiute Bannock</td><td><h6>Northern Paiute (Paviotso) is a Western Numic language formerly spoken in the western Great Basin from roughly the John Day River in Oregon south through the western third of Nevada, to the vicinity of Mammoth, California.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pyan7</td><td>Kalapuya</td><td><h6>USA, Oregon state</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pa</td><td>Cuaiquer</td><td><h6>Cuaiquer (a.k.a. Awa Pit, Awa-Cuaiquer). The Barbacoan language in western Colombia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>puitchr</td><td>Coconuco</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in western Columbia, Barbacoan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pych</td><td>Guambiano</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Barbacoan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pyx</td><td>Totoro</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in western Colombia, Barbacoan language family, Northern Barbacoan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pay (pae)</td><td>Kiowa</td><td><h6>The language of native americans (Oklahoma state, USA). Kiowa is a Kiowa-Tanoan language, related to Pueblo languages like Tewa and Tiwa.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cono; co; 'ptso (?)</td><td>Yuchi</td><td><h6>The language of native americans. Yuchi; Yuchi; USA, Tennesi state</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ap<sup>u</sup></td><td>Entimbich</td><td><h6>California, USA</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>apiukuk</td><td>Puelche</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Argentina. Puelche is a Chonan language, related to other languages like Selknam and Tehuelche.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>py~uxuk; amaxa apyuxuk; maxa</td><td>Gununa Kune</td><td><h6>Southern Argentina</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kren</td><td>Ona</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in southern Chile (Tierra del Fuego island)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kre373</td><td>Ache</td><td><h6>Ache, a.k.a. Guayaki, is a Guarani language of Paraguay.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kenikenken</td><td>Tehuelche</td><td><h6>The dying language of native americans in Southern Argentina.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iake</td><td>Tikuna</td><td><h6>Ticuna, or Tikuna, is a language spoken by approximately 50,000 people in Brazil, Peru, and Colombia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ela</td><td>Timucua</td><td><h6>The language of native americans (Timucua; Timucua; North America)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>olу</td><td>Vilela</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Northeastern Argentina (near the Paraguay border)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>chichini</td><td>Totonac</td><td><h6>Totonac is a language cluster of Mexico, spoken across a number of central Mexican states by the Totonac people.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>CiCini</td><td>Totonac Coyutla</td><td><h6>central Mexican states, 120,000 people</h6> </td> </tr><tr><td>CiCini</td><td>Totonac Filomena Mata</td><td><h6>central Mexican states</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>CiCini</td><td>Totonac Highland</td><td><h6>central Mexican states</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iCini7</td><td>Totonac Misantla</td><td><h6>central Mexican states</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>CiCine</td><td>Totonac Olintla</td><td><h6>central Mexican states</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>CiCini</td><td>Totonac Ozelonacaxtla</td><td><h6>central Mexican states</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>CiCini</td><td>Totonac Tejeria</td><td><h6>central Mexican states</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>CiCini</td><td>Totonac Upper Nexaca</td><td><h6>central Mexican states</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>CiCini</td><td>Xicotepec Totonac</td><td><h6>central Mexican states</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>naenke</td><td>Waorani</td><td><h6>The language of native americans. Waorani; Waorani; South America</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jitoma</td><td>Minica Witoto</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Colombia, near the Peru border</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jitoma</td><td>Murui Witoto</td><td><h6>The language of native americans</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hidoma</td><td>Nipode Witoto</td><td><h6>The language of native americans</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hitoma</td><td>Witoto</td><td><h6>The language of native americans (Colombia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hitoma</td><td>Meneca</td><td><h6>The language of native americans</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hitoma</td><td>Huitoto Mika</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Colombia, near the border with Peru.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hitoma</td><td>Huitoto Minica</td><td><h6>Colombia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hitoma</td><td>Huitoto Murui</td><td><h6>Colombia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hidoma</td><td>Huitoto Nipode</td><td><h6>Colombia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>enota</td><td>Urarina</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in northern Peru, South America.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nupa</td><td>Miranya</td><td><h6>Andoquero (Miranya) is an extinct Witotoan language of Colombia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nupa</td><td>Mirana</td><td><h6>in southern Colombia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nu*a</td><td>Ocaina</td><td><h6>(Okaina) Peru, Colombia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nihiba</td><td>Muinane</td><td><h6>The language of native americans (Columbia). Muinane is a Witotoan language, related to other languages like Bora and Witoto.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nuhba</td><td>Bora</td><td><h6>The language of native americans at the border between Peru and Colombia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>nonamiha</td><td>Cahuarano</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in the northern part of Peru.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>'iyanauka</td><td>Zaparo</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Equador. Zaparo is a Zaparoan language, related to other languages like Cahuarano and Andoa.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hin (hina)</td><td>Wappo</td><td><h6>Wappo is an extinct language that was spoken by the Wappo tribe of native americans who lived in what is now known as the Alexander Valley north of San Francisco</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hama</td><td>Zoque de Francisco Leon</td><td><h6>The language of native americans. Mixe-Zoque; Mixe-Zoque; North America</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hama</td><td>Soteapan Zoque</td><td><h6>the language of american aborigens (Mexico)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hama</td><td>Chiapas Zoque</td><td><h6>The Southern Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hama</td><td>Maria Chimalapa</td><td><h6>in the South of Mexico (Oaxsaca state)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hama</td><td>Miguel Chimalapa</td><td><h6>in southern Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hama</td><td>Ayapaneco</td><td><h6>South Mexico, 10 speakers only</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ha:ma'</td><td>Ayapa Zoque</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ham</td><td>Texistepec Zoque</td><td><h6>Texistepec Zoque, is a Mixe-Zoquean language of the Zoquean branch spoken by a hundred indigenous Popoluca people in and around the town of Texistepec in Southern Veracruz, Mexico.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>hama (jama)</td><td>Sierra Popoluca</td><td><h6>The language of native americans</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jaam</td><td>Texistepec Popoluca</td><td><h6>The language of native americans</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jama</td><td>Zoque de Copainala</td><td><h6>The language of native americans. Mixe-Zoque; Mixe-Zoque; North America</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jama</td><td>Zoque de Rayon</td><td><h6>The language of native americans</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jama</td><td>Chimalapa Zoque</td><td><h6>The language of native americans</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ma</td><td>Sumu</td><td><h6>(a.k.a. Sumo) The language of native americans. Sumu is a Misumalpan language, related to other languages like Miskito and Ulwa.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ma</td><td>Ulwa</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Nicaragua and Honduras. Ulwa is a Misumalpan language, related to other languages like Miskitu and Sumu.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ma</td><td>Pech</td><td><h6>Pech or Paya is a Chibchan language spoken in Honduras.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mai</td><td>Orejon</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Tucanoan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mai</td><td>Secoya</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Tucanoan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mayon</td><td>Maxakali</td><td><h6>(Maxakali; Macro-Ge; South America) an Amerindian language (language of native americans) spoken by a few hundred speakers in Brazil (fourteen villages in the state of Minas Gerais).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mayon</td><td>Pataxo</td><td><h6>Pataxo (Patasho) is an extinct native language in Brazil formerly spoken by the Pataxo people of the Bahia region, and of Minas Gerais, Posto Paraguassu in Itabuna municipality.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ph~isia; umada</td><td>Embera Chami</td><td><h6>Colombia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>pesea; umada</td><td>Embera</td><td><h6>(also known as Choco) Northwestern Colombia and southeastern Panama.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>3madau</td><td>Catio</td><td><h6>Colombia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>umata</td><td>Caramanta</td><td><h6>Colombia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>umada; bisia</td><td>Embera Tado</td><td><h6>Colombia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>umadau</td><td>Embera Darien</td><td><h6>Colombia, on the border with Panama</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>edau</td><td>Wounaan</td><td><h6>The Wounaan language, a.k.a. Noanama and Woun Meu, is a Chocoan language, with some 10,000 speakers on the border between Panama and Colombia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mama; niuсwi</td><td>Kogui</td><td><h6>Kogi (Cogui, Cagaba, Kagaba, Cagaba), is a Chibchan language in Northern Colombia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>m3t</td><td>Kayapo</td><td><h6>the language of the tribe in central region of Brazil</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>m3ri</td><td>Suya</td><td><h6>Suya is a Ge language in center part of Brazil</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mahi; marri (maji)</td><td>Culina (Kulina)</td><td><h6>(also Kulнna, Kulyna, Culina, Curina, Corina, Korina, Culina-Madija, Madiha) Arauan; Arauan; Brazil and Peru.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mahi</td><td>Kulina Araua</td><td><h6>the North-Western Brazil</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mahi</td><td>Deni</td><td><h6>Arauan; Arauan; the North-Western Brazil</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mahi</td><td>Madi</td><td><h6>Madi a.k.a. Jamamadi (Yamamadi, Yamamandi, Yamadi) as the main dialect, other names are Kapana and Kanamanti (Canamanti). The Aravakan language which is used by 800 Jamamadi, Banawa and Jarawara people on the Amazonas state in Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>maka</td><td>Cayubaba</td><td><h6>a.k.a. Cayuvava is a moribund language of Northern Bolivia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>motoka (moth~oka)</td><td>Yanomame</td><td><h6>The Yanomami, also spelled Yanomamo or Yanomama, are a group of approximately 35,000 indigenous people who live in some 200-250 villages in the Amazon rainforest on the border between Venezuela and Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>toka</td><td>Purubora</td><td><h6>The Purubora language of Brazil is one of the Tupian languages (at the Bolivian border)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taha</td><td>Arikapu</td><td><h6>Arikapu or Maxubi is an endangered Yabutian language. Loukotka (1968) lists Arikapu and Maxubi as separate languages. Arikapu is spoken on the Branco River south of the Tupari tribe. Maxubi is spoken on the Mequens River. In 1998, Arikapu was spoken by only six individuals in Rondonia, Brazil, at the headwaters of the Rio Branco.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>to*ho*</td><td>Yabuti (Jabuti)</td><td><h6>The Yabutian or Jabutian languages are two similar moribund languages in East Brazil (Rondonia state).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tVse</td><td>Proto-Jabuti</td><td><h6>Macro-Je family: Yabuti group</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>toxi</td><td>Maléku Jaíka (Meleku Jaika)</td><td><h6>Costa Rica (Central America)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>toji</td><td>Maleku</td><td><h6>The language of native americans in Kosta Rica, Chibchan language family, Votic Chibchan</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>motok3</td><td>Sanima</td><td><h6>Sanima is a Yanomaman language spoken in Venezuela and Brazil. It is also known as Sanema, Sanuma, Tsanuma, Guaika, Samatari, Samatali, Xamatari and Chirichano.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>moth~ok</td><td>Shirishana</td><td><h6>The Northern Brazilia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mawaoka</td><td>Cawishana</td><td><h6>The language of the South America aborigines, Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mo'sojko</td><td>Chamicuro</td><td><h6>The language of the South America aborigines, Arawakan language family</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mapihu; mapin</td><td>Chiapanec</td><td><h6>Chiapanec is a presumably extinct indigenous Mexican language of the Oto-Manguean language family.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>mapiro</td><td>Itene</td><td><h6>Itene is a Chapacuran language of Bolivia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ya'ii</td><td>Jicarilla Apache</td><td><h6>Athapaskan; Na-Dene; North America. The language of native americans</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ya</td><td>Warao</td><td><h6>The language of native americans. Warao; Warao; South America</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ya*</td><td>Bari Columbia (Colombian Bari)</td><td><h6>Northern Colombia (near the Venezuelian border)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ya'ai</td><td>Lipan</td><td><h6>Lipan was an Eastern Southern Athabaskan language spoken by the Lipan Apache. Dead language.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ya'ai</td><td>Western Apache language</td><td><h6>The Western Apache language (Ndee biyati' is a self-name) is a Southern Athabaskan language spoken among the 14,000 Western Apaches living primarily in east central Arizona.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ya7ai</td><td>Jicarilla</td><td><h6>USA, the New Mexico state</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ya7a7a*</td><td>Cuicatec</td><td><h6>Mixtecan; Oto-Manguean; Southern Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ya7ai</td><td>San Carlos</td><td><h6>W California, USA</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ya'ai</td><td>Western Apache</td><td><h6>The language of native americans</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ya*o*</td><td>Popoloca San Juan Atzingo</td><td><h6>Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yu</td><td>Sochiapan</td><td><h6>Oto-Manguean language. The Southern Mexico.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ye</td><td>Ojitlan</td><td><h6>a major Chinantecan language of Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ye</td><td>Chinantec Ojitlan</td><td><h6>The Southern Mexico</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yen</td><td>Tapachultec</td><td><h6>Tapachultec was a Mixe language spoken in Chiapas, Mexico.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ie</td><td>Chinantec Comaltepec</td><td><h6>Mexico, the Oaxaco state</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yo</td><td>Colorado</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Barbacoan language family. South America, Ecuador</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yo</td><td>Cara</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Barbacoan language family. South America, Ecuador</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yo</td><td>Tsafiki</td><td><h6>The language of native americans (Barbacoan; Barbacoan; South America, Ecuador)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yoro</td><td>Sechura</td><td><h6>The Sechura language, also known as Sek, is an extinct language spoken in the Piura Region of Peru, near the port of Sechura</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yeu; yew</td><td>Cacua</td><td><h6>Cacua-Nukak; Cacua-Nukak; South America</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yew</td><td>Kakua</td><td><h6>Colombia (on the border with Brazil)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jw~a</td><td>Ica</td><td><h6>Ica language, a Magdalenic Chibchan language related to Ijca spoken in Colombia (South America).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jwi (dzhwi)</td><td>Ika (a.k.a. Arhuaco)</td><td><h6>The language of 8000 native americans in western region of Colombia (in Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta region), Chibchan language family (Aruak; Chibchan; South America)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>yui (mamaduisa jui)</td><td>Damana (Guamaca)</td><td><h6>The language of native americans, Chibchan language family (Aruak; Chibchan; Northern Colombia)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kilay (kilye7); kile</td><td>Chorote</td><td><h6>Matacoan; Matacoan; South America, Paraguay</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kekki</td><td>Shiwilu</td><td><h6>Cahuapanan family: Cahuapanan group (South America, northern Peru)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xometo</td><td>Cuiba</td><td><h6>Guahiban; Guahiban; Colombia, near the Venezuela border</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>huameto; ikotia</td><td>Guahibo</td><td><h6>Spoken along the Colombia Border, Western Region, Venezuela. Also spoken in Colombia. Guahiban; Guahiban.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xutum</td><td>Daw</td><td><h6>Nadahup family: Nadahup group. The language in north-western area of Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ekotia; huameto</td><td>Playero</td><td><h6>Guahiban; Guahiban; Columbia, at the border with Venezuela (South America).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>xumkuLai</td><td>Nivacle</td><td><h6>Nivacle is a Matacoan language spoken in Paraguay and Argentina. It is also known as Chulupi and Ashluslay</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>es</td><td>Betoi (Betoy)</td><td><h6>an endangered language in Colombia, South America.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>jelu, tekta</td><td>Allentiac</td><td><h6>Extinct language in Argentina</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>kaki</td><td>Andaki</td><td><h6>Colombia (South America).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>taky~kw~e; sek</td><td>Paez</td><td><h6>Colombia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ila</td><td>Afo</td><td><h6>native americans in USA (Ohio state).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lam</td><td>Yamana</td><td><h6>Yagan (originally Yahgan, but also now spelled Yaghan, Jagan, Iakan), a.k.a. Yamana and Hausi Kuta, is one of the indigenous languages of Tierra del Fuego, spoken by the Yagan people. It is regarded as a language isolate, although some linguists have attempted to relate it to Kawesqar and Chon. Yahgan was also spoken briefly on Keppel Island in the Falkland Islands at a missionary settlement.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>lan</td><td>Matagalpa</td><td><h6>(a.k.a. Cacaopera) Nicaragua.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>papiiy (papaay)</td><td>Nadeb</td><td><h6>Nadahup family: Nadahup group. The language in north-western area of Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>empaega; grahaolai; pae</td><td>Abipon</td><td><h6>Abipon was a Guaicuruan language once spoken in Argentina and Paraguay</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ind~i</td><td>Inga Putumayo</td><td><h6>Colombia, South America</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>huimt matkoi pihin</td><td>Guayabero</td><td><h6>Guahiban; Guahiban; Colombia (South America)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>uvE</td><td>Guato</td><td><h6>Guato; Macro-Ge; almost extinct isolated language of Guato people living at the border between Bolivia and Brazilia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>iwta</td><td>Sabane</td><td><h6>Rondonia and Mato Grosso states of western Brazil, between the Tenete Marques and Juruena rivers.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>feCa</td><td>Fulnio</td><td><h6>Yate; Macro-Ge; Eastern Brazil </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tEpo</td><td>Krenak</td><td><h6>Brazil, the Espirito Santa state</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tEpo</td><td>Botocudo</td><td><h6>South American Indian people who lived in what is now the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. They spoke a language of the Macro-Ge group.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ope</td><td>Puri</td><td><h6>Puri is an extinct language of eastern Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>s3* daCo ba*ka*riro</td><td>Wanano</td><td><h6>Guanano (Wanano), or Piratapuyo, is a Tucanoan language spoken in the Northwest part of Amazonas in Brazil and in Vaupes in Colombia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>3*b3*riko ba*k3* bu*i*pu*</td><td>Bara</td><td><h6>Colombia, Vaupes province</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>b3rekoba*k3* bu*i*pu*</td><td>Yuruti</td><td><h6>Yuruti, or Wajiara, is a Tucanoan language of Colombia, with a few speakers in Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>abe 3*b3* ba*ha*g3*</td><td>Desano</td><td><h6>Tucanoan; Tucanoan; Colombia (at the Brazil border)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>as3* deko kh~3*do*</td><td>Piratapuyo</td><td><h6>Guanano (Wanano), or Piratapuyo, is a Tucanoan language spoken in the Northwest part of Amazonas in Brazil and in Vaupes in Colombia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bu*hi*pu* 3*b3*ko kh~3*</td><td>Tucano</td><td><h6>Tucano, also Tukano or Tucana, is a Tucanoan language spoken in Amazonas, Brazil and Colombia.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>asw~alqseles</td><td>Qawasqar</td><td><h6>Alacalufan; Alacalufan; Southern Chile (South America)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>akh~o*re* hi*ru*</td><td>Epena Saija</td><td><h6>Colombia</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ank~ro; p3t</td><td>Gavião do Para</td><td><h6>Monde; Tupian; South America north-eastern Brazil</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>p3drin</td><td>Kreye</td><td><h6>the North-Eastern Brazil</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ank~ro</td><td>Pykobje</td><td><h6>Brazil</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>amkro</td><td>Kraho</td><td><h6>Brazil</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>anakup</td><td>Mawe</td><td><h6>The Mawe language of Brazil, also known as Satare (Mabue, Maragua, Andira, Arapium), is one of the Tupian languages.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>anakup</td><td>Satere Mawe</td><td><h6>The Mawe, also known as the Satere or Satere-Mawe, are an indigenous people of Brazil living in the state of Amazonas.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>tawab</td><td>Uruku</td><td><h6>Alternate names: Arara-Karo, Arara, Arara de Rondonia, Arara do Jiparana, Itanga, Itogapuk, Itogapuc, Karo, Ntogapid, Ntogapig, Ramarama, Uruku (Central Brazil)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gar</td><td>Gaviao Do Rondonia</td><td><h6>in the western Brazil</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Ngad</td><td>Monde</td><td><h6>Monde, or Salamai, is a possibly extinct Tupian language of the state of Rondonia, in the Amazon region of Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>NgeEt</td><td>Makurap</td><td><h6>Makurap (Macurapi) is a Tupian language of Brazil (at the border with Bolivia).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gok3p</td><td>Karitiana</td><td><h6>Karitiana (Caritiana) is a Tupian language of the state of Rondonia, in the Amazon region of Brazil (by appr. 200 people).</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>gede</td><td>Ayoreo</td><td><h6>Zamucoan. Spoken in Paraguay (Alto Paraguay departments) and Bolivia (Santa Cruz department)</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>dejC</td><td>Chamacoco</td><td><h6>the language of the Chamacoco tribe in northern Paraguay</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ateLa</td><td>Trumai</td><td><h6>Trumai is an endangered language isolate in Central Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cadare</td><td>Xavante 2</td><td><h6>The Xavante language is a Ge language spoken by the Xavante people in about 170 villages in the area surrounding Eastern Mato Grosso, Brazil.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>bd3</td><td>Xerente</td><td><h6>The Xerente language (Sherente) is one of the Ge languages of Brazil. It is spoken by the Xerente people in the Tocantins region between Rio do Sono and Rio Tocantins.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>d3wa</td><td>Katawixi</td><td><h6>in the western part of Brazil, the Amazonas state</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>Sumek (Sumuk)</td><td>Millcayac</td><td><h6>Argentina, near the Chile border</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>musak; musapo</td><td>Cholona (Cholon)</td><td><h6>Cholon is a recently extinct language of North Peru.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>LaN</td><td>Mochica</td><td><h6>Peru</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>???</td><td>Cara</td><td><h6>Cara (Caranqui; Imbaya) is an extinct language once spoken in the province of Imbabura and on the Guayllabamba River, Ecuador.</h6></td> </tr><tr><td>cha; ʃa</td><td>Huan ???</td><td><h6>The Eastern Huan dialect of the Amkoe language of Botswana ??? or Standard Chinese in Southeast Asia ???</h6></td>  </tr><tr><td>nagesega ???</td><td>Anejom, Aneityum, Aneiteum </td><td><h6>Austronesian language of Vanuatu (on Aneityum Island, the southernmost island). 900 speakers. </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>ocan, gurapando ???</td><td>Calo (Kale) </td><td><h6>Spanish Gypsy, unlike most other Romani languages (Southern Spane) </h6></td> </tr><tr><td>at, taan ???</td><td>Nelemwa-Nixumwak</td><td><h6>(also Fwa-Goumak, Koumac, Kumak) Spoken on the main island of New Caledonia, in its North Province,</h6></td> </tr> </table> <h6><br><br>(!) - means a paradox coincidence</h6>  <h4> <a href="sun_creol_eng.html">the Creol languages list</a><br> <a href="sun_notes_eng.html">notes, links </a> </h4> <h6>Last update: February 4, 2023<br></h6> <table> <tr><td><h6>To contribute to the list, please send us e-mail.</h6> </td><td><img src="../image/mail.gif" width="173" height="13" alt="e-mail"></td> </tr> </table> <br> <p class="c"><a href="sun.htm"> <strong>return to the russian version</strong></a></p> <h4> <a href="../index.htm"><img class="scale" src="../image/buttons/titul.png" width="179" height="22" alt="главная страничка сайта" title="главная страничка сайта"></a> <a href="../arch.htm"><img class="scale" src="../image/buttons/all_issues.png" width="118" height="22" alt="все номера и их содержание" title="все номера журнала и их содержание"></a> <a href="../service/avt.htm"><img class="scale" src="../image/buttons/authors.png" width="118" height="22" alt="все авторы и их произведения" title="все авторы и их произведения"></a> <a href="../arch.htm#0043"><img class="scale" src="../image/buttons/content.png" width="236" height="22" alt="содержание этого номера" title="содержание №43"></a> </h4>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(91206393, "init", { clickmap:true, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, ecommerce:"dataLayer" }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/91206393" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt=""></div></noscript>   <p id="back-top"><a href="#top"></a></p> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.4.3/jquery.min.js"></script> <script> $(document).ready(function(){ $("#back-top").hide(); $(function () { $(window).scroll(function () { if ($(this).scrollTop() > 300) { $('#back-top').fadeIn();} else { $('#back-top').fadeOut(); } }); $('#back-top a').click(function () { $('body,html').animate({ scrollTop: 0 }, 2800); return false; }); }); }); </script> <div style="color: #999; font-size: 11px" class="cbl"><br></div><style>.cbl a { color: #999 }</style></body> </html>

The word 'sun' in all languages of the world  ![lists](../image/ru_list_big.gif) [**to the Russian version**](sun.htm) [![to the content of the issue!](../image/logo.gif "to the content")](../arch.htm#0043)![43](../image/n43.gif "43") ## The word 'Sun'in all languages of the world | | | | --- | --- | | A man has originated from the Central Africa territory and began to settle in Asia and Europe, then started to settle around the world. This hypothesis is supported by many prominent linguists and confirmed by data of archaeological excavations and genetic studies. The Human Migration Map To verify this hypothesis we can collect all translations of any word significant to ancient man from various languages and systematize them according to the degree of similarity. To begin with, I decided to analyze the word "sun" - after all, primitive man probably had to call our luminary somehow! The list below partly confirms this hypothesis. However in some languages the word 'sun' in no way resembles with the surrounding languages. I do not know how to explain this. Firstly a man maybe had settled around the world and later he had acquired the articulate speach... in some languages may be the designation of our luminary was changed several times... Besides this there were neanderthals in Europe... May be I should make not a table but a tree... | Perhaps the word 'sun' is not the best choice for the research because many peoples of the planet could consider our luminary as a God, or Deity. Many questions arise. [The world map with the word "SUN" in local languages - zoom in a new window!](sun_karta_engl.htm) I deal with this topic and feel myself as a fool (I can say without false modesty - as an idiot)... As the data increases I have to abandon the attempts to confirm any hypothesis of the origin of languages. Let it be just A List. And it will be the List for the 43-rd issue of the 'Idiot' magazine! The list will be extended and corrected (your assistance is welcome). The languages in the list are arranged by the similarity of the sound of the word 'sun' (at the end of the list there is not any similarity). Perhaps I should have to make the list where the languages are arranged in alphabetical list to simplify the search of required language. The translations are given in transliteration (in the way we hear it). Slava Novikov | ![the sun](sun.gif "the sun") | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | | *l a n g u a g e s :* | *n o t e s:* | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | so | Ligurian † | (Liguru, Ligure, Zeneize) - one of the Gallic-Italian languages, used on Northwest of Italy in Liguria province. That was an ancient language, spoken by the population of Northwest of Italy and Southwest of France in Pre-Roman era. | | sol | Latin | ancient language | | sol | Old Icelandic language | the language of West Scandinavian subgroup of German languages, used until the middle of XIV c. by immigrants from modern Norway (the Vikings), which settled Island. | | sol | Old Swedish | | | sol | Old Danish | | | sol | Asturian | (Asturian; asturianu, formerly also known as bable) is a West Iberian Romance language spoken in Principality of Asturias, Spain. | | sol | Aragonese language | is a Romance language, that was spoken on the territory of Aragon Kingdom in Spain | | sol | Galician | (Galego), Iberian-romanic subgroup of Roman group of languages (Spain) | | sol | Danish | Danmark | | sol | Icelandic | (islenska) - the language of Icelanders (Scandinavian group of German languages). | | sol | Spanish | Spain | | sol | Catalan | Spain | | sol | Balear Catalan | Palma island (Mediterranean sea) | | sol | Castilian | (Spain, Andorra) | | sol | Ladino | (self-name: Lingaz ladin) belongs to retoroman subgroup roman group Indoeuropian language family. Alternative name is Sephardic or Judeo-Spanish colloquial and written language of Spanish Jews. The endangered language. | | sol | Mirandese | Romanic language, spoken by the people of small territory in North-East Portugal | | sol, sola | Norwegian | Norway | | sol | Gjestal Norwegian | Norway | | sol, sul | Piedmont (Piemontese) | Language spoken in Piedmont, region in the Northwest of Italy. | | sol | Portuguese | Romance; Indo-European; Europe | | sol (sel) | Faroe (Faroese) | (self-name: Foroyskt mal) language of Freres, that inhabit the Faroe Islands (an autonomous region of Denmark). Descendant language of Normanns (immigrants from the South-West Norway). | | sol | Swedish | language of east subgroup of scandinavian group, spoken in Sweden, some part of Finland and on autonomous Aland islands. | | sol | Extremaduran | Ibero-romanic dialect, spoken on south-western Spain | | sol | Nones | Nones is a dialect named after and spoken in the Non Valley in Trentino, Northern Italy. | | sol | Valencian | a linguistic variety spoken in the Valencian Community, Spain | | sol | Emiliano Carpigiano | Italy | | sol | Emiliano Ferrarese | Italy | | Sol | Fala | Portugal, at the border with Spain | | sol | Korlai | western seashore of India | | solo | Dyimini | Ivory Coast (Africa) | | sal | Garo | Bodo-Garo; Sino-Tibetan; AsiaAssam, India. | | sal | Lalung | Tiwa, or Lalung, is a Sino-Tibetan language of Assam in North East India. | | Sal | Riang | Riang is a Mon-Khmer language of Burma and China. | | sole | Venetian | There are two unrelated Venetian languages, both associated with the Veneto region on North-East of Italy. Venetian language is an ancient language of Venet tribe, representing separate branch of Indo-European languages (ousted by Latin language) | | sole | Italian | Italy | | sole | Neapolitan | Dialect of Italian language | | sole | Maceratese | an Italian dialect | | sole | Neapolitan-Calabrian | South dialect of Italian language, spoken in Naples region and in Northern Caliber. | | sole | Norman | (France - Great Britain) | | sole | Nynorsk | a variant of Norwegian language | | sole | Sardinian | Self-name: Sardu. Sardinian language aroused from Latin dialects, spoken on Sardinia. (Romance; Indo-European; Europe) | | sola | Norwegian | (Nynorsk) | | sole (fr.) | Jerriais | (or Jersey French) is the form of the Norman language spoken in Jersey, in the Channel Islands, off the coast of France. | | solea | Walloon | One of the Belgium languages (the Roman group), spoken in Belgium (Wallonia region), in France (the Ardennes department and some villages of Nor department) | | soil | Gothic | the extinct East Germanic language that was spoken by the Goths. | | soleil [solEj] | French | France | | soleil | Cajun French | Dialect of French, spoken mainly in Louisiana (USA) | | soley | Mauritian | Mauritius island (the Indian ocean) | | solely | Franco-Provencal | (Arpitan language) - Romanic language (Gallo-Roman subgroup), south-east France, Roman Switzerland and North-west Italy | | solelh | Occitan | a Romance language (or - Provencal) — the language of indigenous population of Occitania (the South of Franca), and some neighboring regions of Spain and Italy. It is divided into Northern-Occitan (Limousin, Auvergnat, Provencal alpin) and Southern-Occitan (Languedocian, Provencal, Gascon, Nicois). Catalan is the closest relative of modern Occitan. | | solel | Chti (or Patois) | This is the variety of Picard which is spoken in Northern France, in Nord-Pas-de-Calais (Picard is a regional language spoken in Northern France and also in Belgium, by a total of about 500,000 speakers). | | solen | Norsk (bokmal) | Self-name: Norsk (Norway). There are two official forms of Norwegian language now - bokmal and nynorsk | | soli | Corsican | (Self-names: Corsu, Corso, Corse, Corsi) - a dialect of Italian language. Corsica (France) and the North of Sardinia. | | soli | Gallurese Sardinian | at the Northern part of Sardinia island (Italy) | | sin | Eastern Frisian | Netherlands | | sin | Seeltersk | Saterland Frisian, also known as Sater Frisian or Saterlandic (Seeltersk), is the last living dialect of the East Frisian language. | | sinne | Frisian | (self-name: Fryske talen) — the language of frisians (west group of German languages). Spoken mainly in Freeslandia province (Netherlands). | | sin | Southern Bobo Madare | Burkina Faso (west part), Africa. | | zin | Gronings | Northern Netherlands | | zin | Northern Low Saxon | Northern Low Saxon is a West Low German dialect. | | si | Bomu Bobo | at the border between Burkina Faso and Mali (western Africa) | | izige | Yanda | Yanda - the language in Mali (near the Burkina Faso border . | | zon3 | Brabantic | Belgium | | zon | Limburgish | Belgium | | zon, zoon | Dutch | Northern Europe | | zon | West Vlaams language | Self-name: Vlaemsch. In the North part of Belgium and in Nor department in France. | | zon (zun) | Yiddish | (Hebrew) — Juwish language of German group, historically main language of Ashkenazi, that was spoken at the beginning of XX century about 11 mln. of Jews in all over the world. | | zon | Limburgish | (self-name: Limburgs) West Germanic language, that represents a set of dialects of south-east Netherlands | | son | Afrikaans | (Boer) close to Dutch. Spoken in South Africa, Botswana, Malawi, Namibia, Swaziland, Zambia | | sonn | Luxemburgeois | (self-name: Letzebuergesch) - a language of everyday communication of Luxemburg residents (Europe). | | sonE | Swabian | Swabian is one of the dialect groups of Alemannic German that belong to the High German dialect continuum. It is spoken in Swabia, which covers much of the southwestern German state of Baden-Wurttemberg, including its capital, Stuttgart. | | sonne | German | (Deutsche) | | sonne | Middle Dutch | Middle Dutch is a collective name for a number of closely related West Germanic dialects whose ancestor was Old Dutch and was spoken and written between 1150 and 1500. | | sunne | Middle Low German | (or Middle Saxon) is a language that is descendant of Old Saxon and the ancestor of modern Low German | | sunne | Middle High German | | | sunne (sun3) | Old Frisian | a West Germanic language spoken between the 8th and 16th centuries in the area between the Phine and Weser on European North Sea coast. | | sunne | Old English | Old English language (Anglo-Saxon language) — an early form of English language, that was common on the territory of modern England and south Scotland from the middle of the 5th up to the middle of the 12th cent. | | sunne | East-Frisian | (Self-name: Seeltersk; Seelterfraiske) or Saterland Frisian language — one of the Frisian languages, which is spoken in deutsche city Saterland. | | sunne | Bernese German | Switzerland | | zun3 | Zeelandic | (Zeeuws; Zeeuws in Dutch) is a Low Franconian dialect of Dutch spoken in the southwestern parts of the Netherlands, more specifically the Southernmost part of South Holland (Goeree-Overflakkee) and large parts of the province of Zeeland | | zun3 | Stellingwerfs | Stellingwarfs is the form of Dutch Low Saxon spoken in Ooststellingwerf and Weststellingwerf in the Dutch province of Friesland, and also in Steenwijkerland in the Dutch province of Overijssel. | | sulberi; sulis | Helsinki Stadin Slangi | the southern Finland (at the Finnish Gulf seashore) | | aurinko | Finnish | Finland | | suna (sunna) | Old High German | Old High German, any of the West Germanic dialects spoken in the highlands of Southern Germany, Switzerland, and Austria until the end of the 11th century. | | suna (sunna) | Old Saxon | (also colled Old Low German) earliest recorded form of Low German, spoken by thr Saxon tribes between the Rhine and Elbe rivers and between the North Sea and the Harz Mountains from the 9th until the 12th century | | sunna | Old Frankish | (also Old Franconian) was the West German Language spoken by the Franks between the 4th and 8th century | | suna | Old Low Franconian | The Frankish language, also 'Old Frankish', was the language of the Franks. It is a West Germanic language and was spoken in Merovingian times, preceding the 7th century. | | suna | Old Low Franconian | Low Franconian, Low Frankish are a group of several West Germanic languages spoken in the Netherlands, Northern Belgium (Flanders), in the Nord department of France, in western Germany | | sunna | Old German | | | zuna | Cimbrian | Cimbrian (native name Zimbar; German: Zimbrisch or Tzimbrisch; Italian: Cimbro) refers to any of several local Upper German varieties spoken in Northeastern Italy. The speakers of the language are known as Zimbern. | | zunne | Achterhoeks | Achterhooks is a dialect of the Low Saxon language, also known as Low German. It is primarily spoken in the Achterhoek region, which is located in the eastern part of the Netherlands, near the German border. | | sunn | Low Saxon | (also Low German) is an Ingvaeonic West Germanic language spoken mainly in Northern Germany and the eastern part of the Netherlands. It is descended from Old Saxon in its earliest form | | sunn | Alsatian | a regional language spoken in Alsace (eastern France) by about 700,000 speakers. It is a Germanic language, closely related to other nearby Alemannic dialects, such as Swiss German and Swabian. | | sunn | Deitsch | Dialect of German language | | sunn | Pfalzisch | Dialect of German language (in the cities Rheinland-Pfalz, Baden-Wurttemberg, Saarland, Gessen) | | sunn | Ripuarian | self-name: Ripoarisch. Central German dialect (the most known as an Ripuarian language), which among others, Yiddish based on. (Spoken in Germany, Belgium, Netherlands) | | sunn | Plattduutsch | (Low Deutsche) | | sunn | Kolsch | the city of Cologne in the West Germany | | zunne | West-Flemish dialect | (Dutch: West-Vlaams) is a language spoken in western Belgium and adjoining parts of the Netherlands and France | | sul | Istriot | Istriot is a Romance language spoken by about 400 people in the southwestern part of the Istrian Peninsula in Croatia. | | sul | Lombard Bergamo | Italy, to the North of Milan | | sulel | Languedocien | France | | su | Hamburg | Hamburg Low German dialect | | su; sulei | Occitan Aranese | Aranese is a standardized form of the Pyrenean Gascon variety of the Occitan language spoken in the Val d'Aran, in Northwestern Catalonia close to the Spanish border | | suu | Lombard Plesio | Italy, to the North of Milan | | suu | Lombard | Self-name - Lumbaart | | suu | Ticinese | (ticines) is a comprehensive denomination for the varieties of the Lombard language spoken in Canton Ticino (Tessin) and in the North of the Province of Varese. | | sun [san] | English | | | sun | Bavarian | is a major group of Upper German varienties spoken in the southeast of the German languages area, largely covered by Bavaria and Austria. | | sun | Scottish | a West Germanic language variety spoken in Lowland Scotland and parts of Ulster in Ireland. | | su\*N | Jo | Southern Mali (Africa) | | son | Kamtok | Cameroon | | so | Kempee | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | soe | Biyanda | Western CAR | | soe | Gbaya Mbodomo | CAR (at the border with Cameroon) | | soe | Gbaya | North-western CAR | | soge; nangE | Susu | The Susu language is the language of the Susu or Soso people of Guinea and Sierra Leone, West Africa. | | soge | Yalunka | Yalunka (or Jallonka) is the language of the Yalunka people of Guinea, Mali, Senegal, and Sierra Leone in West Africa. | | sun | Marathi | Marathi language is an Indo Aryan language, mainly spoken in the state of Maharashtra. Marathi is also spoken in Israel and Mauritius. Marathi is thought to be a descendent of Maharashtri, one of the Prakrit languages which developed from Sanskrit. | | sun | Chinook slang | The language of aboriginal North Americans, Penutian language family. The word 'sun' is borrowed from English language | | sun | Manchurian | China | | sun | Xibe | The Xibe language (also Sibo, Sibe, Xibo language) is a Tungusic language spoken by members of the Xibe minority of Northwest China. | | sun | Dirrim | Nigeria | | su(n) | Udege | The language of udegeys is a Tungus-Manchurian language, making with other Amur languages the Amur subgroup of Tungus group of the languages. Its closest relative is the Oroch language. | | seu(n); s3u | Oroch (Orochi) | the language of the Orochi people in Russia. Its closest relatives are Nanai and Udege languages. Spoken in Khabarovsk krai. | | su(n) | Orok | it belongs to Tungus-Manchurian languages. Unwritten. Endangered. | | sun | Aihui Manchu | Manchu is a severely endangered Tungusic language spoken in Manchuria | | san | Koch | Koch (or - Wanang) is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken by the Koch people of Republic of India, Rajbanshi people in Nepal and Bangladesh. | | san | Kachari | India (Himalayas) | | san | North Frisian Amrum | spoken on the island of Amrum in the German region of North Frisia. | | san | Mech | Bodo, or Mech, is the Sino-Tibetan language of the Bodo people of North-eastern India and Bengal. | | san | Nocte | Nocte is a Naga language of Northeastern India | | san | Naga Nocte | Northeastern India. | | sansurvira | Vaagri Boli | Vaagri Booli is an unclassified tribal Indic language of Southern India. | | sana | Talinga | Talinga or Bwisi is a language spoken in the Uganda-Congo border region. It is called Talinga (Kitalinga) in DRC and Bwisi (Lubwisi, Olubwisi) in Uganda. | | isaana; sana | Gwere | Gwere, or Lugwere, is the language spoken by the Gwere people, a Bantu people found in the eastern part of Uganda. | | isana | Lugwere [gwr] | in Budaka, Kibuku, and Pallisa districts in Eastern Uganda where the number of mother-tongue speakers is approximately 410,000 people. | | omusana | Luganda | language of the Uganda people (Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa) | | musana (kyanda) | Lubwisi [tlj] | Spoken in Bundibugyo district in Western Uganda where the number of mother-tongue speakers is approximately 99,000 people. The language is also spoken by about 31,000 people in Congo where it is called Kitalinga. | | mus | Duguri | Nigeria | | mus | Kenyang-Kitwii | Cameroon (Africa) | | sanya | Mambwe | Northern Zambia | | saNey | Wawa | Wawa is a Mambiloid language spoken in a region of Cameroon and just inside bordering Nigeria used by about 3,000 people in three main dialects. | | sanza5i | Anyi | Niger-Congo language spoken mainly in Cote d'Ivoir and Gana. | | sunk | Khanty | The language of aborigines of the North of West Siberia, living in river basins of tributaries of Ob and Irtysh. | | sanhe | Dhimal | a Sino-Tibetan language of Nepal spoken by about 20,000 people. | | usil | Etruscan | Language spoken by the ancient people of Etruria in what is now Italy. The language is accepted as an isolated case. | | ushil | Etruscan | Etruscan was a language spoken and written in the ancient region of Etruria (current Tuscany) and in parts of what are now Lombardy, Veneto, and Emilia-Romagna (where the Etruscans were displaced by Gauls), in Italy. | | soe | Bangandu | Bangandu (Bangando) is a Gbaya language of Cameroon and CAR. | | sovilo | Old-German Runic script | | | rdull (rthul) | Old Norse | Old Norse is the North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements during the Viking Age, until about 1300. Gradually, Old Norse splintered into the modern North Germanic languages: Icelandic, Faroese, Norwegian, Danish and Swedish. | | selao | Dzoratai | Elvetia, Italy (\*). | | sowl | Emiliano Reggiano | Italy, the San Marino region | | sowl | Romagnol Ravennate | Romagnol is a Romance language mostly spoken in Romagna (Northern Italy) | | soari | Romanian Megleno | Megleno-Romanian (known as Vlahete by its speakers, and Megleno-Romanian or Meglenitic and sometimes Moglenitic or Meglinitic by linguists) is a Romance language, similar to Aromanian, or a dialect of the Romanian language. It is spoken by the Megleno-Romanians in a few villages in the Moglena region that spans the border between the Greek region of Macedonia and the Republic of Macedonia. | | suleL | Romansh Grishun | Romansh language — German Rumantsch, also called Grishun, or Grisons, Romance language of the Rhaetian group spoken in Northern Italy and Switzerland, primarily in the Rhine Valley in the Swiss canton of Graubunden (Grisons). | | suLeL | Romansh Surmiran | Romansh is divided into five different regional dialects (Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran, Puter, and Vallader), each with its own standardized written language. | | sulEL | Romansh Sursilvan | Sursilvan is a group of dialects of the Romansh language spoken in the Swiss district of Surselva. | | diell | Albanian | Albanian is the official language of Republic of Albania. Also spoken in Serbia, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Romania, Slovenia, Italy, etc. | | dieL | Albanian, Gheg | one of the variety of Albanian (like Arvanitika) | | diaw | Arvanitic | The language is spoken in Greece. The Arvanitic language is variety of Tosk Albanian | | suli | Sicilian | Indo-European; Europe | | sulay | Romansh Vallader | Vallader is a variety of the Romansh language spoken in the Lower Engadine valley (Engiadina Bassa) of southeast Switzerland, between Martina and Zernez. | | sureL | Gascon | France | | suredl | Gherdeina | the dialect of Ladin в Val Gardena (a valley in Northern Italy, in the Dolomites of South Tyrol). | | saul | Emilian-Romagnolo | is a Romance language, mostly spoken in Emilia-Romagna, Italy. | | saul | Dalmatian | Montenegro (former Yugoslavia) | | saule | Liv (Livonian) | The south branch of Baltic-Finnish group of Finno-Ugric language family. The extinct language of Livs, inhabiting mostly the coastal part of Ventspils region of Latvia. The closest relative language is Estonian. | | saule | Old Prussian language | (or Prussian) The language of Baltic tribe of prussians that inhabited the south bank of Baltic Sea. Applied to the West baltic subgroup of the Baltic group of the Indo-european language family. | | saule | Lithuanian | | | saule | Samogitian | a dialect of the Lithuanian language spoken mostly in Samogitia (in the western part of Lithuania). | | saule | Latvian | a dialect of the Lithuanian language spoken mostly in Samogitia (in the western part of Lithuania) | | saule | Latgale | The language is considered as High Latvian dialect of Latvian language | | saule | Zemaiteska | (dialect of Lithuanian language) | | sauil | Gothic language | (ancient) old english (?) | | sunce | Serbo-Groatian | the language of Serbs, Groats, Montenegrins and Bosnian Muslims (former Yugoslavia). | | sunce | Serbian | | | sunce | Groatian | official language of Groatia (Republika Hrvatska). | | sunce | Bosnian | one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Also spoken in Groatia, Montenegro and Serbia. | | sonce | Slovenian | | | sonce | Russian | RF | | sonce | Ukrainian | | | sonca | Belarusian | Eastern Europe | | sonce, sonceto | Macedonian | Slavic; Indo-European; Europe | | slenCe, kolo | Old Russian | | | SlenC~e | Nashta | Greece | | slunice | Old Slavonic | (Old Church language) | | sluntse | Bulgarian | | | son-c-e | Dihovo | Dihovo is a village in the municipality of Bitola, Republic of Macedonia located about seven kilometers away from Bitola, the second largest city in the country. | | slnce | Church Slavonic | By this language the translation of the Bible was made in 9th century. One of the dialects of slavonic language (also called Old Bulgarian). | | slonce | Polish | Poland | | slonco (sw~3nco ?) | Upper Sorbian | One of two closely related languages spoken by the Sorbs, a Slavic minority in the Lusatia region of eastern Germany | | slunce (suunce ?) | Silesian | Dialect of Polish language | | slunce | Czech | Slavic; Indo-European; Europe | | slunce | Old Czech | Slavic; Indo-European; Europe | | slunce (swu5cE) | Kashubian | Kashubian has about 50,000 speakers in Poland, where it is an official regional language. It is used for local administration purposes in Sierakowice, Pomeranian Voivodeship and in parts of the Pomeranian Voivodeship. Like Polish, it is a West Slavic language. | | slynco | Low Sorbian | One of two closely related languages spoken by the Sorbs, a Slavic minority in the Lusatia region of eastern Germany (West Slavic branch of the Indo-Europian languages. | | slnko, slnce | Slovak | Slavic; Indo-European; Europe | | sloonko | Rusyn (Ruthenian) | Rusyns - a Slavic ethnic group (about 30000 people), living in some regions of Vojvodina and Groatia (former Yugoslavia) | | cen; cien | Acoli (Acholi) | (also Acoli, Akoli, Acooli, Atscholi, Shuli, Gang, Lwoo, Lwo, Lok Acoli, Dok Acoli) is spoken by the Acholi people in Acholiland in Northern Uganda and in Magwe County in Southern Sudan. | | CiEN | Alur | (Aloro, Alua, Alulu, Dho Alur, Jo Alur, Lur, Luri) The three most closely related languages to Kenyan Luo are the languages of the Acholi and Lango in Uganda, and the Alur language in Congo. | | CiaN (CEN) | Shilluk | Shilluk is a Luo language spoken by the Shilluk people of South Sudan and Sudan. | | cen | Anuak | western Ethiopia | | cen | Luwo | Luwo, also known as Jur (Luo, Dheluwo), is a language spoken by the Luwo people of Bahr el Ghazal region in South Sudan. | | sEn; san | Krio | an English-based 'pidgin' language in Sierra Leone | | sEN | Bom | The Bom language (alternates: Bome; Bomo) is an endangered language of Sierra Leone. | | cen | di Bor | South Sudan. | | ceN | Adhola | The Adhola language, also known as Japadhola and Ludama, is the language of the Adhola people (aka Jopadhola or Badama) of Uganda. Dhopadhola is generally mutually intelligible with Acholi, Lango, Kumam, and Alur of Uganda and Dholuo of Kenya. | | CEN | Lango | Lango (or Langgo) is an Eastern Nilotic language spoken an estimated 38,000 people in South Sudan. | | CEN | Giur | South Sudan | | CEN | Nuer | The Nuer language is spoken by the Nuer people of South Sudan and in western Ethiopia (region of Gambela). | | sEni; sεni | Mbre | Mbre, also spelled Bre, Bere, Pre, is an endangered language spoken in Cote d'Ivoire (Africa). | | se | Bakaka | Cameroon | | se; usi | Lega | the DR of Congo. | | se | Karang | Karang language (also called Mbum East or Lakka) is an Mbum language of Cameroon. | | se | Ngoumi | Cameroon | | se | Njak Mbai | Nzakambay (Njak Mbai), or Nzakambay Mbum, is an Mbum language of Southern Chad and Northern Cameroon. | | se (ese); si | Bongili | Bongili is a Bantu language of the Republic of Congo. | | se | Ko | Chad (at the border with Cameroon) | | se | Malgbe | in Northern part of Cameroon | | se | Mboshi | Congo | | se; eton dyow | Baneka | Cameroon | | ce | Afade | Afade is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in eastern Nigeria and Northwestern Cameroon. | | ce | Kali | the Central African Republic | | ce | Kari | the Central African Republic | | c3 | Aghem Isu | Aghem is a Grassfields Bantu language spoken in the Wum Central Sub-division in Menchum Division of the North West Region of Cameroon. | | si | Bobo | Mande family: West-Mande group, Africa | | ci | Abe | Kwa family: Agneby group (Ivory Coast) | | ci | Lenyima | Nigeria | | ci; ciki | Dama | Dama language (Cameroon), possibly a dialect of Mono. | | sEnz~Ene | Nzema | Nzema (Nzima), also known as Appolo, is a Central Tano language spoken by the Nzema people of southwestern Ghana and southeast Cote d'Ivoire. | | sesei | Mbum | an Adamawa language of Cameroon | | siar | Ron | Ron (also known as Challa, Chala) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria. | | iSi\* | Nyanga | The Nyanga language is a language spoken by the Nyanga people in Kivu province, North-eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. | | isi | Nande | the Democratic Republic of the Congo | | isi | Nugunu | The Gunu language (Nu Gunu or Nugunu) is a Southern Bantoid language of Cameroon. | | iso li busa; dakabusa | Ngombe | Ngombe, or Lingombe, is a Bantu language spoken by about 150,000 people in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. | | iso libose | Eso Yalemba | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | iso lyause | Lokele Yalemba | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | iso\*o | Shanga | Shanga (Shangawa, Shonga, Shongawa) is a Mande language of Nigeria. | | sosa\* | Ngondi | Ngondi is a Bantu language of the Republic of Congo. | | is | Lendu Ddradha | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | isa | Kulung Nigeria | Nigeria | | isate | Illo Busa | Nigeria | | sont~a | Seeku | Seeku is a Mande language spoken by the Seemogo people of Burkina Faso. | | SonTo | Kwakum | Cameroon | | o5 (o5a) | Kalonge | Cameroon (Africa) | | o5 | Mmala (Numala) | a language of Cameroon | | uo | Defaka | Nigeria (Ijoid; Niger-Congo; Africa) | | o\*ne | Benge Bati | DRC (Africa) | | o\*so\* | Kyenga | at the border between Nigeria and Benin | | o\*t; o\*tyo | Doohwaayaayo | Northern Cameroon | | o | Lobala | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | o | Mungong | Cameroon | | o | Ncane | Cameroon | | swance | Tokharian A | Tocharian A is a dead Indo-European language (east-tokharian). India, South-East Asia. 1st millenium BC - 1st millenium AC. | | swanco; kaum | Tokharian B | Tocharian B is a dead Indo-European language (west-tokharian). India, South-East Asia. 1st millenium BC - 1st millenium AC. | | kom; kaum | Tocharian | Tocharian (Tokharian) is an extinct branch of the Indo-European language family. It is known from manuscripts dating from the 6th to the 8th century AD, which were found in oasis cities on the Northern edge of the Tarim Basin (now part of Xinjiang in Northwest China). | | komb~e | Myene | Gabon | | komb~e | Okande (Kande) | Kande is an undocumented Bantu language of Gabon. | | komb~e | Xehimba | Gabon (Africa) | | komb~e | Xepinzipinzi | Gabon (Africa) | | komb~e | Xetsoxo | Gabon (Africa) | | kombe | Kande | Kande is an undocumented Bantu language of Gabon. | | siun | Nanaj (Nanai) | The Nanai language (also called Gold, Goldi, or Hezhen) is spoken by the Nanai people in Siberia | | siun | Negidal | Negidal (also spelled Neghidal) is a language of the Tungusic family spoken in the Russian Far East, mostly in Khabarovskij Kraj, along the lower reaches of the Amur River. | | siun | Ulcha | The Ulch language, or Olcha, is a Tungusic language spoken by the paleo-asian Ulch people in North East Asia. | | Siwun | Jurchen | at the Northern area of China (Amur region) | | siwun | Kur Urmi | Kili (Kirin, Kila), known as Hezhe or more specifically Qileen in Chinese and also as the Kur-Urmi dialect of Nanai, is a Tungusic language of Russia and China. | | sivun | Negidal Verchovski | the Russian Far East | | siyu | Lasi | Southern Pakistan | | sigun | Solon | Tungusic; Altaic; Asia | | sigun | Tunguska | Manzhouli, the Northern China | | siun; dylachah | Evenk | The Tungus-Manchurian branch of the Altai language family | | siun | Negidal language | unwritten language of negidal people, spoken in Khabarovsk region of Russia. Tunguska branch of Tungus-Manchurian languages. Its closest relative is the Evenk language. | | siu(n) | Ulchi language | the endangered language of Ulvhi people (unwritten). The language of the Southern (Amur) group of Tungus-Manchurian languages, Its closest relatives are Nanai и Orok languages. Spoken in Ulchi region of Khabarovsk krai. | | siu; siun | Nanai | Nanai is a Tungusic language spoken by the Nanai people in Siberia. There are about 3,900 speakers, but most of them use Russian as their primary language, making Nanai an endangered language. | | Sy~u\* | Naykhin Nanai | Middle/lower Amur dialects Naykhin, Dzhuen, Bolon, Ekon, etc: the areas along the Amur River below Khabarovsk Nanai, Amursk, Solnechny, and Komsomolsk districts of Khabarovsk Krai | | Si | Mokscha Mordwinisch | Mordovia (Russian Federation) | | si (shees) | Moksha | Moksha language is a member of the Mordovic branch of the Uralic languages with around 130,000 native speakers. Its closest relative is the Erzya language. Moksha is also considered to be closely related to the extinct Veshcherian and Muromian languages. Finno-Ugoric language family | | si | Torwali | Torwali, or Turvali, is a Dardic language spoken in Kohistan and Swat districts of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. | | сipay | Mordvin | language of people inhabit the Mordovian autonomous region and nearby towards Volga river. | | ci; cipay | Erzya language | The Erzya language is spoken by about 260,000 people in the Northern and eastern and North-western parts of the Republic of Mordovia and adjacent regions of Nizhniy Novgorod, Chuvashia, Penza, Samara, Saratov, Orenburg, Ulyanovsk, Tatarstan and Bashkortostan in Russia. The language belongs to the Mordovinic branch of the Uralic languages. | | siga | Fiji (Fijian) | The Republic of the Fiji Islands (a state in South-Western part of Pacific Ocean). | | igan | Ket (Yenisei-Ostyak) | the sole surviving language of the Yeniseian language family. It is spoken along the middle Yenisei Basin. Only a few hundred speakers remain. | | ega; egi; kgi | Kott | Kott, now extinct, was a Yeniseian language spoken in central Siberia by the banks of Mana River, a tributary of the Yenisei river. | | ega | Arin | a Yeniseian language (like Kott) which was spoken until the 18th century along the Yenisei river, in Russia. | | ega; eja; hixem | Pumpokol | is a Yeniseian language that became extinct in the 18th century. | | eke | Onge | Andaman islands (Indian ocean) a language spoken by the Onge people in Little Andaman Island (India) | | heN | Nancawri (Nancowri) | Andaman islands, Indian ocean | | ekwan; eokwan; equan | Nauruan | a language of a state in Oceania, located in South-West part of Pacific ocean, on the Nauru island | | sulegl | Romansch | is one of the four national languages of Switzerland. The Rhaeto-Romance subgroup of Romance languages. | | sore-s; | Khoekhoe | (a.k.a. Nama; Damara; Khoekhoegowab, Khoe-khoe). The biggest Khoisan language: 234000 speakers in Namibia, Botswana and South Africa | | sore-b (sore-b-i) | !Ora | Central Khoisan family: Кхойкхой group (Africa) | | sore | Korana | South Africa and perhaps Botswana | | soare | Romanian | Romanian is a Romance language spoken primarily in Romania and Moldova. | | soare | Aromanian | (also Macedo-Romanian or Vlach) is an Eastern Romance language spoken in Southeastern Europe. | | soare | Moldavian | Romance; Indo-European; Europe | | suari | Vlach | The Vlach language is spoken by the Vlach community of eastern Serbia. | | soreli | Friulan | (Friulian) Spoken in the Friuli Region of the Autonomous Region of Friuli Venezia Giulia, and the Provinces of Udine, Pordenone and Gorizia, Italy. | | soreye | Nones Fassano | Northern Italy | | sur3dl | Nones Gardenese | Northern Italy | | soredl, soreie, sorogle | Ladin | is a Romance language consisting of a group of dialects, mainly spoken in the Dolomite Mountains in Northern Italy in South Tyrol, the Trentino and the province of Belluno by the Ladin people. | | sur | Jamtlandic | Sweden | | soorajh | Urdu | Urdu is an Indo-European language, related with Hindi. Official language in Pakistan. | | suryu | Konkani | an Indo-Arian language belonging to the Indo-European family of languages and is spoken along the western coast of India (Konkan region). | | surya (suraj) | Hindi | an Indo-Arian language. North and Central regions of India. | | surya (suryo) | Bengali | One of the languages of Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family. Spoken in Bangladesh and in Indian West Bengal state | | surya (surej) | Gujarati | one of the official languages of India spoken in the west part of the country. | | suray | Hinduri | Northern India | | surya | Kannada | is one of the major Dravidian languages of India (State of Karnataka in Southern India). | | surya (surje) | Nepali | The official language of Nepal, also spoken in some regions of the North India. Indic; Indo-European; Asia | | surya | Kodagu (Kodava) | an endangered Dravidian language and the original language of the Kodagu district in Southern Karnataka | | surya | Marathi | is an Indo-Aryan language spoken predominantly by Marathi people of Maharashtra (India). | | suryan | Ullatan | Ullatan is an apparently extinct and unclassified Southern Dravidian language once spoken by two tribes of India. | | suryan, weda | Malayalam | the language of Malayaly people. Spoken in South-west part of India (Kerala state). Belongs to the South group of Dravidian languages, relates with Tamil language. | | curiyan | Tamil | Tamil is a Southern Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamil people of the Indian subcontinent. It has official status in India, Sri Lanka and Singapore, and it is the administrative language of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. There are about 68 million native speakers. | | suriyan | Paliyan | The Paliyan, or Palaiyar or Pazhaiyarare are Adivasi Dravidian people living in the South Western Ghats montane rain forests in South India, especially in Tamil Nadu and Kerala. | | ira; soorya | Sinhalese language | (or Singhalese, or Sinhala), is the native language of Sinhalese people, who make up the largest othnic group in Sri Lanka, numbering about 16 million. Indo-Aryan group of Indo-Iranian branch of Indo-Europian language family. Sinhala has its own writing system, which evolved from the Brahmi script. | | ir3 | Vedda | Vedda is an endangered language which was used by the indigenous Vedda people of Sri Lanka. | | suryudu; poddu | Telugu | Telugu is a Dravidian language native to India. It is primary language in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. | | Cury~e | Koraga Korra | western seashore of India | | %Cury~e | Koraga | Koraga (also rendered Koragar, Koragara, Korangi) is a Dravidian language spoken by the Koraga people, a Scheduled tribe people of Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka, and Kerala in South West India. | | sury~o | Konkani | in the West India, Goa state. | | suruy | Maithili | Maithili is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in Northern and eastern Bihar of India and a few districts of the Nepal. | | suruj; dh~up | Rajbanshi | Kamtapuri, Rangpuri or Rajbangshi is a Bengali-Assamese language spoken by the Rajbongshi people in Bangladesh and India, as well as in Rajbanshi and Tajpuria in Nepal. | | sur3j | Hadoti | India | | sur3T (sury~3) | Gujarati (Gujrati) | India, the Gujarat province | | huryo | Assamese | the official language of Assam state of India. | | suriya; bhanu | Pali | Pali is an Indo-Aryan language of India, used as the literary language of the Buddhist Scriptures and frequently chanted in a ritual context. Monks from different countries may speak Pali to each other, but there are no native speakers. | | suraja | Bundeli | Bundeli, or Bundelkhandi, is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Bundelkhand region of central India. | | suraja (sooraj) | Punjabi | An Indo-Aryan language spoken in East part of Pakistan and in North-Western regions of India (mostly in Punjab state). | | suraj | Hindustani | the language of Indo-Aryan family (Pakistan and the Northern India). | | suraj | Fijian Hindi | the group of Indo-Aryan languages | | suruj | Bhojapuri | Bhojpuri is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Bhojpuri region of North India and in Madhesh, Nepal | | surej | Dogri | Northern India | | suraj | Pahari Mahasu | spoken in the Himachal Pradesh, Shimla (Simla) and Solan districts (India) | | suraj | Chambeali | the North of India (Himachal Pradesh state) | | solej | Reunionnais | Reunionnais of Indian origin are people of Indian origin in Reunion. They form two ethnic groups on the island, Malbars and Zarabes. | | suraT | Punjabi Majhi | Pakistan, India | | surTyo | Oriya | It is an Indo-Aryan language that is spoken mostly in eastern India. | | shuurea (soorya; hiru) | Sinhala | One of two official Languages of Sri Lanka (Ceylon). | | sury3h; r3vih | Sanskrit | Sanskrit is a classical language of India and a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism. Its position in the cultures of South and Southeast Asia is akin to that of Latin and Greek in Europe and it has significantly influenced most modern languages of Nepal and India. | | suraz | Agra Gujari | Pakistan, India | | sur3C | Peshawar City Hindko | The North India | | suri | Maiya | Maiya language, also called Abasin Kohistani or Indus Kohistani, is a Dardic language spoken in Kohistan District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. | | suri | Savi | Savi (also called Sau, Sauji, Sawi) is a Dardic language spoken in parts of Afghanistan. | | suri | Kalasha | Indic; Indo-European; the language in the northern Pakistan (near the border with Afghanistan) | | suri | Guru Kalasha | Indic; Indo-European; the language in the northern Pakistan (near the border with Afghanistan) | | suri | Krakal Kalasha | Indic; Indo-European; the language in the northern Pakistan (near the border with Afghanistan) | | suri | Zugunuk Kalasha | Indic; Indo-European; the language in the northern Pakistan (near the border with Afghanistan) | | suri | Brokskat | Indic; Indo-European; Asia | | suri | Aranduyiwar | (or Gawar-Bati) Afghanistan. | | suri | Purigal Phalura | Pakistan | | suri | Ushojo | Ushoji (also spelled Ushojo) is a Dardic language spoken in Kohistan and Swat districts of the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. | | suri | Shina | Shina is a language from the Dardic sub-group of the Indo-Aryan languages family spoken by the Shina people, a plurality of the people in Gilgit-Baltistan (Northern Pakistan), as well as in Dah Hanu, Gurez and Dras in India. There are 18 dialects of the Language. | | suri | Gawar Bati | Afganistan (on border with Iran) | | suri | Biori Phalura | in the North of Pakistan | | Zuko; suri | Chilisso | Northern Pakistan | | surj | Mandeali | in the North of India | | dih; surj | Churahi | in the North of India | | t3dko; dado; surjya | Lamani | Lambadi is a Western Rajasthani language spoken by the nomadic Banjara people originally in Rajasthan, and now mainly in the India states of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh, and also in Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Telangana and West Bengal. There are about 5 million speakers of Lambadi. Lambadi is also known as Banjari, Lamani, Lambani, Sugali, Gormati, Goarboali. | | Zo | Miji | India, the Assam state (at North-eastern area of the country) | | suyyi | Kudmali | North-eastern India | | Xy~um | Hobyot | Oman (Arabian peninsula) | | SapSu | Ugaritic | Ugaritic is an extinct Northwest Semitic language discovered. It is known almost only in the form of writings found in the ruined city of Ugarit (modern Ras Shamra, Syria). | | so | Hussainabad Hunza Burushaski | Northern Pakistan | | so | Uyum Nagar Burushaski | Burushaski is the predominant language in Hunza and Nagar (Pakistan) | | so | Ganish Hunza Burushaski | Northern Pakistan | | so | Hoper Nagar Burushaski | Northern Pakistan | | so | Haiderabad Hunza Burushaski | Northern Pakistan | | so | Murtazabad Hunza Burushaski | Northern Pakistan | | so | Murtazabad Hunza Burushaski | Northern Pakistan | | so | Central Yasin Burushaski | in the North of Pakistan | | sa | Burushaski | Burushaski, the language of the Burusho people, is a language isolate spoken in Northern Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. | | sa | Werchikwar (Wershikwar) | Dialect of Burushaski language. The North of Kashmir, India. | | sa | Chutiya | in the medieval kingdom of Assam Valley, India | | Sa | Tippera Tongpai | Bangladesh | | Sa | Usui | Bangladesh | | sa | Deuri | in the North-Western India | | su:ŋk | Vakh | Wakhi is an Indo-European language in the Eastern Iranian branch of the language family spoken today in Wakhan District, Afghanistan and also in Northern Pakistan. | | su:ŋk | Verkhne-Kalymsk language | Republic of Sacha (Russia) | | su:ŋk | Vasjugan | Tomsk region, Russia | | ser | Dameli | Northern Pakistan | | ia huroi | Northern Roglai | The Roglai language is a Chamic language of Southern Vietnam | | yor | Chatorkhand Khowar | Pakistan | | yor | Garam Chishma Khowar | Pakistan | | yor | Kesu Khowar | Pakistan | | yor | Odir Khowar | Pakistan | | yor | Pargam Nisar Khowar | Pakistan | | yor | Ushu Khowar | Pakistan | | sijh | Multani | Spoken in the Saraikistan Region, Pakistan. 18 millions of speakers | | sir | Kalami | Northern Pakistan | | yir | Shimsal Wakhi | Shimsal Wakhi is an Indo-European language in the Eastern Iranian branch spoken in Northern Pakistan. | | yir | Central Gojal Wakhi | in the North of Pakistan, on the border with Afganistan | | yir | Chapursan Wakhi | in the North of Pakistan | | yir | Ishkoman Wakhi | Northern Pakistan | | yir | Yasin Wakhi | Northern Pakistan | | i; iy | Eighteenth Century Ket | Trans-urals (Russia) | | xemx | Maltese | Maltese is spoken in Malta, where it is a co-official language along with English. It is also an official language of the European Union. Maltese is a Semitic language, but it is written with the Latin alphabet. It derives from the Arabic dialect that developed in Sicily and the rest of Southern Italy, with vocabulary borrowed from Italian (particularly Sicilian) and English. | | smL | Sabean | the Old South Arabian language spoken in Yemen | | SameS | Classical Mandaean | Northern Iran | | SameS | Classical Mandaic | South-western Iran | | semes | Hebrew (Jewish) | <Old>Jewish (one of the two official languages of Israel) | | semes (smes, semsa) | Aramaic (Old) | Aramaic is a Semitic language with a 3,000-year history. (Aramaic was the native language of Jesus. | | Samis | Hadrami Arabic | Yemen | | shemesh, hashemesh | Hebrew | (Modern Ashkenazic); Semitic; Afro-Asiatic; Asia | | S3mSa | Hulaula | Iraq | | S3mSa | Jilu | Turkey, then (in 1915) in Iran | | S3mSa | Lishana Deni | Palestinian autonomy | | SimSa | Lishan Didan | Northern Iran | | S3mSa | Koy Sanjaq Surat | Northern Iraq | | SemSo | Mlahso | Mlahso, sometimes referred to as Suryoyo or Surayt, is an extinct or dormant Central Neo-Aramaic language. It was traditionally spoken in eastern Turkey and later also in Northeastern Syria by Jacobite Syriac-Assyrians. | | Sims (Simus) | Dhofari Arabic | Oman (Arabian peninsula) | | SimSa | Soreth | Iraq, Iran, Turkey | | SimSa | Malula | Cyria | | SimSE | Modern Aramaic | Cyria, Iran | | SimSE | Western Neo Aramaic | Western Neo-Aramaic is a modern Aramaic language. Today, it is spoken in three villages in the Anti-Lebanon Mountains of western Syria. | | camc | Phoenician (Old) | Phoenician is a Semitic language of the Canaanite subgroup; its closest living relative is Hebrew. The area where Phoenician was spoken includes modern-day Lebanon, coastal Syria, Palestine, Northern Israel, parts of Cyprus and some adjacent areas of Anatolia. | | Sams | Soukhne Syrian Arabic | a dialect of syrian arabic language | | SymS7 | Christian Palestinian | Palestine | | shamas | Assyrian | Assyrian (Neo Assyrian) language, the common name of modern East-Aramaic dialects (Urmia, Mosul and other), that belong to semitic-hamitic languages. Assyrians inhabit Iran, North Iraq, Syria, Turkey. | | samas | Babylonian | The Babylonian language was a dialect of Akkadian, a Semitic language, written in cuneiform script. | | šamšu | Akkadian | (or Assyro-Babylonian lang.) Accadian is an extinct East Semitic language (part of the greater Afroasiatic language family) that was spoken in ancient Mesopotamia in the 3rd-1st millennia BC. | | al shams | Arabic | | | sams | Tigre (Beni Amer) | Semitic; Afro-Asiatic; Africa | | Sam3s | North Levantine Spoken Arabic | Levantine Arabic is a broad dialect of Arabic spoken in the 100 to 200 km-wide Eastern Mediterranean coastal strip. | | SEm3s | Syrian Arabic | Syria | | SameS | Mandayi | Mandaic language (Iran, Iraq) | | SameS | Modern Mandaic | South-western Iran | | SomES | Neo-Mandaic Khorramshahr | (Iran, Iraq) | | sam | Socotran | Socotri (Soqotry) is the most archaic and isolated language spoken in Yemen and Oman known as “modern South Arabian languages”. Spoken by the Socotri population in the island of Socotra, and the Abd al Kuri and Samhah islands of the Socotra archipelago off the Southern coast of the Republic of Yemen. | | semis | South Levantine Arabic | Levantine Arabic is a broad dialect of Arabic spoken in the 100 to 200 km-wide Eastern Mediterranean coastal strip. | | Semis | Juba Arabic | Southern Sudan | | Samis | Eastern Libyan Arabic | Libya (Benghazi and Bayda) | | SamiS | Sudani | Sudanese dialect of Arabic language | | semsi | Kibera Kenya | Kenya | | SmS | Achaemenid Aramaic | Aramaic is a group of languages belonging to the Afroasiatic language phylum. The name of the language is based on the name of Aram, an ancient region in central Syria. The Aramaic Language in the Achaemenid Period. | | S3ms | Dellys | Algeria | | S3ms | Algerian Spoken Arabic | Algeria | | SemS | el maghribпya | (Magreb) Arabic to the west from Egypt | | sems | Syriac Aramaic | Syriac Aramaic is a dialect of Middle Aramaic that was once spoken across much of the Fertile Crescent and Eastern Arabia. Afro-Asiatic language family. | | SemSa; SemS | Syriac | Syriac, also known as Syriac Aramaic or Classical Syriac, is a dialect of Middle Aramaic that is the minority language of indigenous ethnic Assyrians/Syriacs in south eastern Turkey, Northern Iraq, Northeastern Syria and North western Iran. | | s3 | Lagwan | Lagwan (Logone) is a Chadic language spoken in Northern Cameroon and southwestern Chad. | | SimS3 | Urmi | in the West of Iran | | simigi | Hurrian | extinct language spoken from the last centuries of the 3rd millenium BC until at list the latter years of the Hittite empire (Syria, Mesopotamia) | | Sams | Ogaden Arabic | Members of the Ogaden clan primarily live in the central Ogaden plateau of Ethiopia (Somali Region),[1] the North Eastern Province of Kenya, and the Jubaland region of Southern Somalia. | | sams | Khaliji | Alternate Names: ’Arabi, Bedawi, Gulf Arabic, Omani Bedawi Arabic. Arabic, Gulf Spoken Language: Gulf Arabic is a variety of the Arabic language spoken in Eastern Arabia around the coasts of the Persian Gulf in Kuwait, Iraq, Bahrain, eastern Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Iran and Northern Oman. | | Sams | Damascus Arabic | Surian dialect of the Arabic language | | Sams | Yemen Sanaani Arabic | Yemen | | Sams | Masri | dialect of Arabic language | | Sams | Bahrain Arabic | the language on the Bahrain island in the Persian Gulf | | Sams | Kuwaiti Arabic | Kuwait | | S3mSo | Turoyo | Turoyo (also called Surayt) is a Central Neo-Aramaic language traditionally spoken in Southeastern Turkey and Northeastern Syria by Syriac Christians. | | samsu | Akkadian † | The Akkadian language is an extinct Semitic language that was widely spoken in ancient Mesopotamia. | | xemx [shemsh] | Maltese | The official language of Republic of Malta. | | шунды (Sundi) | Udmurt | (Permic; Uralic; Russia) | | shondy | Komi-Permic | Permic; Uralic; Russia | | shondy | Komi-Zyrian | Permic; Uralic; Russia | | shondy | Komi | a Permian ethnic group whose homeland is in the north-east of European Russia around the basins of the Vychegda, Pechora and Kama rivers | | be:r-do | Malto | Northern Dravidian; Dravidian; Asia | | bi:r-i: | Kurux | Northern Dravidian; Dravidian; Asia | | ho:tel | North Mansi language | The Mansi language is spoken by the Mansi people in Russia along the Ob River and its tributaries, in the Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug | | hatl | Khanty language | (several dialects) Ural language family | | katl | Yugan Khanty | (several dialects) Ural language family | | kath \*\* | Likrisovskoje | dialect of the Khanty language (West Sibiria, Russia) | | kath \*\* | Malyj Jugan | dialect of the Khanty language (West Sibiria, Russia) | | kath \*\* | Tremjugan | the dialect of the Khanty language (West Sibiria, Russia) | | kath \*\* | Jugan | the dialect of the Khanty language (West Sibiria, Russia) | | xat | Upper Demjanka | the dialect of the Khanty language (West Sibiria, Russia) | | xat | Konda Khanty | the dialect of the Khanty language (West Sibiria, Russia) | | xatl | Khanty | the language in western Siberia, Russia | | xatl | Kazym | dialect of the Khanty language (West Sibiria, Russia) | | xatəl \*\* | Nizjam | the dialect of the Khanty language (West Sibiria, Russia) | | xatəl \*\* | Sherkaly | the dialect of the Khanty language (West Sibiria, Russia) | | xatəl \*\* | Synja | the dialect of the Khanty language (West Sibiria, Russia) | | xatəl \*\* | Obdorsk | the dialect of the Khanty language (West Sibiria, Russia) | | Cux | Sakhalin Ainu | Sakhalin Ainu was an Ainu language, or perhaps several Ainu languages, spoken on the island of Sakhalin, now part of Russia. | | Cup | Kuril Ainu | the language in the Shumshu island (Kamchatka ridge of islands), Russia | | cup; cup-kamuy; tokap cup | Ainu (Aynu itak) | an isolate language formerly located on the islands of Honshu and Hokkaido of Japan, Sakhalin, Kuril Islands and tip of Kamchatka Peninsula in Russia. Today, the language is in danger of going extinct. There is also an unrelated language in western China called the Aynu language. | | tonocuh | Ainu Ochiho | Southern Sakhalin (Russia) | | tono tonpi | Ainu Tarantomari | Southern Sakhalin (Russia) | | to | Ainu Saru | Northern Japan | | peker cupkamuy | Ainu Samani | Northern Japan | | kh~jeN | Gilyak | Northern part of Sakhalin island (Russia) | | kh~eN | Gilyak Amur | Northern part of Sakhalin island (Russia) | | kh~eN | Gilyak East Sakhalin | Northern part of Sakhalin island (Russia) | | kh~eN | Gilyak North Sakhalin | Northern part of Sakhalin island (Russia) | | keN | Gilyak South Sakhalin | Northern part of Sakhalin island (Russia) | | kh~eN | Gilyak West Sakhalin | Northern part of Sakhalin island (Russia) | | kh~en | Nivkh | The language of the Nivkhs, that are a small people group who inhabit regions of the Far East on the island of Sakhalin and basin of Lower Amur. The Nivkhs have been known as the Giliaks up until 1930's. | | xai | Karagas | Karagas, a dialect of the Uralic Mator language. Baikal region (Russia) | | kaje; xaya | Mator | Mator or Motor was a Uralic language belonging to the group of Samoyedic languages, extinct since the 1840s. | | xaya | Matorisch | Buryatia, Russia | | hayar (xayer7) | Nenets | Samoyedic; Uralic; northern Russia | | hae (hai; taeyang) | Korean | Altai language family | | hvare | Avesta | the most ancient iranian language. The Sacred texts of Zoroastrianism were written by this language (the collection is known as 'Avesta') | | hvar | Scythian | The language of the Scythians (ancient tribes inhabited the area of the Northern coast of the Black Sea and Caspian region from at least the 11th century BC to the 2nd century AD). | | hvare; aurusa; hvar | Old Avestan | one of the Eastern Iranian language, spread across the Iranian plateau between 1350 and 350 B.C. | | ahay | Dahlik | This language is spoken in Eritrea, in the Dahlak Archipelago (Red Sea). | | TS'ahay (tsehay); jambar | Amharic (Ethiopian) | Amharic is a Semitic language spoken in Ethiopia. It is the second-most spoken Semitic language in the world, after Arabic, and the official working language of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. | | hay | Gayil | Ethiopia | | hay (ay) | Ari | The South-West part of Ethiopia (Omotic family: South Omotic group). | | hai | Banna | Somalia (Africa) | | hai | Sedang | Sedang is an Austro-Asiatic language spoken in eastern Laos and Kon Tum Province in south central Vietnam. | | haja | Kulfa | Kaba So, also known as Kulfa after its primary dialect, is a Bongo-Bagirmi language of Chad. | | ay; hai; ha:i | Hamer-Banna | Hamer or Hamer-Banna is an Omotic language of the Afro-Asiatic language family. It is spoken primarily in the Southern part of Ethiopia by the Hamer, Banna people, and Karo peoples. | | heyom | Harsusi | Oman (Arabian peninsula) | | heyom | Mehri | This language is spoken in Yemen & the Sultanate of Oman. | | na-h-hu-un-te; nahiti; na-hu-te | Elamite | Ancient language of Southwestern Iran (3300 - 500 BC) | | hevel | Chuvash | one of the two official languages in Chuvash Republic, Russian Federation. | | se'h:w-l/n- o ; sehw-l/n- | Proto Indo-European † | (dead) | | helyos | Ancient Greek language | | | gelios | Koine | Koine comes from the Greek word that means 'common'. Koine Greek was the form of Greek that was spoken during Hellenistic (300 BC - 30 BC) and Roman (30 BC - 300 AD) antiquity. Its development followed the conquests of Alexander the Great, that's why Koine Greek is sometimes named Alexandrian dialect. Koine Greek became the common lingua franca in the Mediterranean region and the Middle East. It was the main language of the Byzantine Empire and it evolved into Medieval Greek, which is the ancestor of Modern Greek. Koine is also the language of the Christian New Testament, that's why it's sometimes known as 'Biblical Greek' or 'New Testament Greek'. | | kup, ilios | Greek | Europe | | kun | Karakalpak | (Turkic; Altaic; Asia) the language of the main population of Karakalpak republic (Russia); some Karakalpaks also live in Uzbekistan. | | kun; kunes; qujas | Karaim | Karaim is a Turkic language with Hebrew influences, spoken by Crimean Karaites (adherents of Karaite Judaism in Crimea, but also western Ukraine, Poland and Lithuania). It has very few remaining active speakers. | | kun | Dolgan | The Dolgan language is a Turkic languages with around 1,000 speakers, spoken in the Taymyr Peninsula in Russia. | | kun | Khakas | Khakas is a Turkic language spoken by the Khakas people, who mainly live in the Southern Siberian Khakas Republic, or Khakassia, in Russia. The Khakas number 78,500, of whom 60,000 speak the Khakas language. (Turkic branch of Altai language family). | | kun | Karahanid † | The Karahanid (Khakanid; Karakhanid) language became extinct by the 1950s, was the Middle Turkic literary language of Central Asia. | | kun, kin | Khalaj | (also known as Arghu) is a divergent Turkic language spoken mainly in Iran and Afganistan | | kun, qujas (dialect.) | Oirat | Oirat is a Mongolic language spoken by the Oirats, pastoral nomadic tribes of Mongolian origin who live in western China and western Mongolia. But the most prominent group today is located in the Republic of Kalmykia (Russian Federation), where they are called Kalmyks. Kalmyk-Oirat has about 500,000 speakers. | | kun | Altai | (Southern Altai) is a Siberian Turkic language spoken officially in the Altai Republic, Russia. | | kh~un (kun) | West Yugur | The Western Yugur or Yellow Uygur language is Turkic language, spoken by a small community of some 4,600 people, living in the province of Gansu, China. | | kun; qojas (quyoS) | Uyghur (Uygur) | The Turkic language spoken by the Uyghur people in Xinjiang, a Central Asian region administered by China. Uyghur is spoken by around 8.5 million people worldwide. | | kun; qujas | Shor language | Turkic branch of Altai language family. Spoken by less than 10,000 people in the Kemerovo Oblast of the Russian Federation. | | kun, qujos, кун, quyash, guyosh | Uzbek | Turkic; Altaic; Asia | | kun | Karachay-Balkar | (or Balkar) language is a Turkic language language spoken by the Karachays and Balkars (Russia). | | кun (aditja ?) | Old Turkic language | language Of ancient peoples of Asia | | kun | Tofalar | (also known as Tofa or Karagas) Unwritten language of Tofalars, Turkic people, living on the territory of two villages — Tofalar and Nerchin (Nizneudinsky district of Irkutsk region, Russia). Tofalar language belongs to Sayan group of Turkic languages (which includes Tuvan language and languages of Mongolian Uygur-Hurianhays and Caatans, and Monchaks of Mongolia and China). With less than 30 native speakers, it is nearly extinct. | | kun | Yakut language | Turkic branch of Altai language family | | kun | Kyrgyz | Turkic language | | kun | Nogai (Noghay) | Nogai is a Turkic language spoken by about 80,000 people in southwestern Russia. The language is taught at school but the number of speakers is declining. The Nogai people took their name from the grandson of Chenghis Khan. | | kun, kin | Kazakh | Turkic branch of the Altai Mountain group | | kin; kun | Khalaj | Khalaj is a Turkic language spoken primarily in Iran and Afghanistan. It has about 42,000 speakers. Turkic Khalaj is different from the Indo-Iranian language called Khalaj and also spoken in Iran. | | kin | Sakha | Sakha language — also called Yakut language or Sakha-Tyla member of the Turkic subfamily (Turkic languages) of the Altaic language family, spoken in Northeastern Siberia (Sakha republic), in Northeastern Russia. | | kin | Old Turkic | | | hin | Tofa | Tofa, also known as Tofalar or Karagas, is a moribund Turkic language spoken in Russia's Irkutsk Oblast by the Tofalars. | | gun, gunes | Gagauz | Gagauz is a Turkic language spoken by the ethnic Gagauz people of Moldova, Ukraine, Russia (Northern Caucasus) and Turkey. | | gun, gunes, qujas | Turkmen | Turkmenistan (Turkic; Altaic; Asia) | | gun, gunes (gunas) | Azerbaijan | | | gun, gunes | Kumyk | language of Kumyks, inhabiting Dagestan. One of the Turkic languages | | gun | Chagatai language | Medieval central Asian Turkic literary language, that reached its higher styling as classic language in Timurid possessions in 15-16 centuries. | | gun | Langar Khorasani | Iran | | gu | Dewoin | The Dewoin language, also known as De, Dey, or Dei, is a Kru language of the Niger-Congo language family. It is spoken primarily near the coastal areas of Montserrado County in western Liberia. | | guun (gun) | Salar | Salar is a Turkic language spoken by the Salar people, who mainly live in the provinces of Qinghai and Gansu in China. The Salar number about 90,000 people, of whom about 70,000 speak the Salar language. | | qujas, kunes, kun | Mediaturkish (Ortaturk) language | An artificial language created to serve inter-turkish communication. | | gunes [gunash] | Turkish | | | gunesh (ginES) | Terekeme Azeri | the dialect of Azerbaijanian language | | gunes | Urum language | the language of Greek-Urums, inhabiting the Northern banks of Azov (Ukraine), where they were relocated to from Krym by russian government in 1778. It is akin to Cremian Tatar language. | | kunes | Cremian Tatar language | or Cremian language — the language of Cremian Tatars, corresponds with Turkic languages, belonging to estimated Altai family of languages. | | jasyq; kun; kunes; qujas | Ottoman Turkish | Ottoman Turkish was used as the administrative and literary language of the Ottoman Empire. It was reformed into Modern Turkish in 1928. | | Xor | Digor Ossetian | Northern Caucasus | | kon, gojas, яктылык | Bashkir | (Russian Federation) Turkic; Altaic; Eurasia | | kuyaS | Misher Tatar | Tatarstan, Russian Federation | | koi | Nganasan | Nganasan language is spoken by 500 Nganasan people in the southwestern and central parts of the Taymyr Peninsula (Russian Federation). | | kaya; koy (?) | Enets language | the North group of Samoyedic branch of Uralic language family. Spoken in Krasnoyarsk Krai, along the lower Yenisei River (Russia) by 227 people (2010). It is closely related to Nenets and to Nganasan. | | xorsid (khorshid) | Farsi (or Persian) | Persian is the predominant modern descendant of Old Persian, a southwestern Iranian language within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages. The language is spoken by about 110 million people. Persian or Farsi is the variety of Persian spoken in Iran, whereas Dari is the local name for the Persian language spoken in Afghanistan and Uzbekistan. Tajik, the third variety of Persian, is used in Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Russia. | | horsed | Ancient Iranian | | | horsed | Moksha | is a member of the Mordvinic branch of the Uralic languages with around 130,000 native speakers | | harashi (?) | Azari (Iranian) | Azari (Ar. al-adhariya) was the Iranian language of Azarbaijan before the spread of the Turkish | | konas, kojas | Bulgar | Turkic tribal union of pastoralists and farmers inhabited the steppes of the Northern Black Sea region up to the Caspian Sea and the Northern Caucasus from the 4th century and in the second half of the 7th century migrated partially to the Danube region and later to the Middle Volga region. | | qojas | Bashkir | The language belongs to the Western Uralian group of the Turkic branch of the Altaic Language family. Its closest relatives are Chulym and Tatar. | | qojas | Tatar language | Turkic branch of the Mountain Altai language group | | kun; qujas | Chulym | (also known as Chulym Tatar or Melets Tatar) (but different from the Tatar language) is the language of the Chulyms, a now extinct tribe. It is closely related to Shor and Khakas. Only a few speakers remain, in the basin of the Chulym River in central Siberia. Chulym is an Altaic language (Turkic, Altaic, Eurasia). | | kun qarax3 | Middle Chulym | western Siberia | | xur | Ossetian | the east subgroup of Iran group of Indo-Iranian branch of Indo-Europian languages. Ossetian language has genetic continuity with Alan and Scythian languages. | | xur | Yaghnobi (Yagnobi) | Spoken in Zafarabad, Yaghnobi River Valley, Lower and Upper Varzob River Valley, Southern Tajikistan and Dushanbe, Tajikistan. | | Xur | Iron Ossetian | Ossetia, Russian Federation | | roZ; xor | Sorano (Sorani) | Central Kurdish or Sorani, one of the main dialects of Kurdish language. Spoken in Iraq (official) and . | | rojiar | Gurani | Gorani (also Gurani) is a group of Northwestern Iranian dialects spoken by Kurdish people in the Southernmost parts of Iranian Kurdistan and the Iraqi Kurdistan region. | | xor; roZ | Kurdish Kurmanji | South-Eastern Turkey | | Xir | Shughni | Shughni is one of the Pamir languages of the Southeastern Iranian language group. | | xun | Tuvin (or Tuvan) language | Tuvin is a Turkic language spoken by around 200,000 people in the Republic of Tuva in south-central Siberia in Russia. There are also small diaspora groups of Tuvan people that speak distinct dialects of Tuvan in the China and in Mongolia. Turkic branch of Altai language family | | Xor | Sangisari | Sangsari or Sangisari is an Iranian language spoken mainly in the Semnan and Tehran provinces of Iran, especially in the Sangesar (Mahdi Shehr) town and in several surrounding villages. | | xor | Vafsi | Vafsi is a dialect of the Tati language spoken in the Vafs village and surrounding area in the Markazi province of Iran. | | khor | Farsi | a variant of Persian language | | rosh | Balochi, Baluchi | Spoken in Balochistan Province, Pakistan. There are three variants of the language - Eastern, Southern, Western. | | khorshid (farnah -?) | Persian | | | %xurSit; gin | Harw East Olya Khorasani | a language variety in the Turkic language family | | %xurSit; gin | Charam Sarjam Khorasani | a language variety in the Turkic language family | | xurSit | Shirwan Khorasani | Northern Iran | | XurSid; aftab | Gilaki | Iran, the seashore of Caspian sea | | hetav; ro; tav; xor; sems | Kurmanci | or - Northern Kurdish | | tav, roj, ro, xor, xur, xursid, hetav, sems | Kurdish | Аn Indo-European language (belonging to the Iranian branch, like Persian), spoken in Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey by the Kurds (25 million speakers). | | gin; ginES | Asadli Khorasani | Khorasani Turkic is a Turkic language spoken in North Khorasan Province and Razavi Khorasan Province in Iran | | ginES | Shirwan Khorasani | Northern Iran | | gin | Doughai Khorasani | a language variety in the Turkic language family | | gin | Gujgi Khorasani | a language variety in the Turkic language family | | gin; oy | Qara Bagh Khorasani | North-East Iran | | gin | Quchan Khorasani | North-East Iran, near Turkmenistan border | | gin | Shurak Khorasani | language spoken in Northern North Khorasan Province and Razavi Khorasan Province in Iran. | | gin | Soltan Abad Khorasani | Northern Iran | | gin | Zeyarat Khorasani | Northern Iran | | gin | Hokm Abad Khorasani (and all other 10 dialects of Khorasani | the Turkic language family | | gin | Lotf Abad Khorasani | Turkmenistan, at the border with Iran | | gin | Joghatay Khorasani | Northern Iran | | gin | Jonk Khorasani | at the border between Iran and Turkmenistan | | gin | Mareshk Khorasani | Northern Iran | | giin (gin) | Pir Komaj Khorasani | Pir Komaj is a place with a very small population in the province of Khorasan, Iran | | gin; ginES | Dara Gaz Khorasani | Iran (at the border with Turkmenistan) | | gy~in | Sheyh Teymur Khorasani | Northern Iran | | gy~in | Torki | The dialect that was called Torki, Turkish language, or in the Safavid period Kizilbashi, is the same that is called Azerbaijani Turkish in our modern era. | | Tin | Sheyh Teymur Khorasani | Northern Iran | | di | Mansehra Hindko | Northern Pakistan | | di | Sherpur Hindko | Northern Pakistan | | di | Singo Di Garhi Hindko | Northern India | | di | Central Azad Kashmir Gujari | Pakistan, India | | di | Chitral Gujari | Northern Pakistan | | di | Dir Gujari (and all other Gujari dialects) | Nothern Pakistan | | di\* | Northern Azad Kashmir Gujari | Pakistan, India | | di\* | Seraiki | Seraiki (Saraiki) is an Indo-Aryan language of the Lahnda (Western Punjabi) group, spoken in the south-western half of the province of Punjab in Pakistan. | | di | Settled Swat Gujari | Northern Pakistan | | di\* | Transhumant Swat Gujari | Pakistan | | di\* | Balakot Hindko | Pakistan | | di\* | Chitral Gujari | in the North of Pakistan | | di\* | Gilgit Gujari | Northern Pakistan | | di\* | Kaghan Gujari | Northern Pakistan | | di\* | Kunar Gujari | East of Afganistan | | din | Dang | Nepal | | din | Rana | Rana language can refer to: The Rana dialect of the Buru language of Indonesia. The Rana Tharu language of India. | | dini | Eastern Tamang | Nepal | | ti Ni | Thakali | Thakali is a Sino-Tibetan language of Nepal spoken by the Thakali people, mainly in the Myagdi and Mustang Districts. | | ti 5i | Tamang | Tamang is a term used to collectively refer to a dialect cluster spoken mainly in Nepal. | | tin | Marphatan Thakali | Nepal | | th~a | Chiru | in northern India (on the border with Myanmar) | | th~aNi | Kasong | Cambodia | | th~anman | Chalikha | Burma (Tibet) | | th~ekth~au | Putian Chinese | eastern Fujian province, China. | | th~oya\* | Suzhou Wu | Jiangsu Province, China | | diya devta; devta | Nahali | Nahali (Nihali) is a name used for two, unrelated languages spoken in the Indian states of Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh: Kalto language, an Indo-Aryan language. Nihali language, a language isolate. | | dony~i (doin, do5i) | Nishing | Nishi (a.k.a. Nyishi, Nisi, Nishing, Nissi, Nyising, Bangni, Dafla, Daphla, Lel) is a Sino-Tibetan language of the Tani branch spoken in lower Subansiri and East Kameng districts of Arunachal Pradesh and Darrang District of Assam in India. | | doni | Nisi Tagin | India | | diu | Aka-Cari or Chari | Northern Great Andamanese extinct language (Indo-Pasific language group) | | die | Aka-Kede | The Kede language, Aka-Kede, is an extinct Great Andamanese language, of the Northern group. It was spoken in the Northern section of Middle Andaman island | | dit7; hnub | Hmoob Dawb | White Hmong (Hmong Daw) a dialect of the Hmong language spoken in the United States (by Vietnameses) | | deo | Kohat City Hindko | North-western Pakistan | | deo | Pakha Golam Hindko | North-western Pakistan | | deo | Talagang Hindko | North-western Pakistan | | deo | Wad Pagga Hindko | North-western Pakistan | | de; dio | Southern Hazara Gujari | Pakistan | | dio\* | Southern Hazara Gujari | Pakistan | | de | Brahui | Brahui is a Dravidian language spoken by the Brahui people in the central Balochistan region of Pakistan and Afghanistan. | | de | Brahui | Spoken in Pakistan. Also spoken in Afghanistan, Iran and Turkmenistan. | | de\* | Southern Azad Kashmir Gujari | Pakistan | | deh | Pahari Potwari | The Indo-Aryan language spoken on the Pothohar Plateau in Northern Punjab, in most of Pakistan-administered Kashmir, and in western areas of Indian-administered Kashmir | | des | Pangwali | the North India, Himalayas. | | dEt | Lue Chieng Hung | Cheng (also known as Jeng, Chieng) is a Mon–Khmer language of Southern Laos. | | dEt | Lue Muong Yong | Southern China (near Myanmar border) | | dEt | Tai Nong Khai | The Northeast Tailand | | dEt | Tai Chiengmai | Northern Thailand | | det | Tai Lei Ping | The Southern China | | det | Tai Lungchow | The south-west China | | net | Tai Lungming | The Southern China | | det | Tai Ning Ming | The south-west China | | dEt | Tai Nong Khai | The Northern Tailand (at the border with Laos) | | det | Tai Ping Siang | The Southern China (at the Vietnam border) | | dEt | Tai Western Nung | The Northern Vietnam (at the China border) | | dEt | White Thai | Vietnam and Laos | | de:t | Lao | Laos (Tai language) Kam-Tai; Tai-Kadai; Asia | | dEhE (dEhu) | Western Panjabi Shahpur | Pakistan | | dEt; lEt | Tai Dam | Tai Dam, also known as Black Tai is a Tai language spoken by the Tai Dam in Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, and China (mostly in the Jinping Miao, Yao, and Dai Autonomous County). | | le | Gelao Qiaoshang | China (on the border with Vietnam) | | le | Go | Kadai; Tai-Kadai; Asia. China | | klei | Gelao Wanzi | Gelao is a dialect cluster of Kra languages in the Tai-Kadai language family. It is spoken by the Gelao people in Southern China and Northern Vietnam. | | ma.3 klei.5 | Anshun-Gelao | China | | lEt; wan | Northern Shan | so-called 'Chinese Shan' is much influenced by the Yunnan-Chinese dialect. | | lEt | Dehong | Southeastern China | | dit | Tai Wuming | The Southern China (at the Vietnam border) | | dit | Yay | Yay, a Northern Tai language in North Vietnam. | | diharo | Bhadrawahi | the language of Northern India | | dihara | Bhattiyali | the language of Northern India | | ofatob; gin | Ruh Abad Khorasani | Northern Iran | | aftow | Sorkhei | Sorkhei is a Western Iranian language. It is spoken in village of Sorkheh in Semnan Province in Northwestern Iran. | | afto | Dezfuli | South-Western Iran | | afto (oftow) | Meymai | Iran | | aftab, lmar, nwar | Pushtu | (Pashto, Pashtu, Afghani) Eastern Iranian language spoken by the Pashtun in eastern Afganistan and Northern Pakistan. Pashto is an Indoeuropean language (Iranian branch). | | aftobah | Yagnobi | The native language of Yagnobs, living in Tajikistan (about 3,000 Yagnobi speakers) (Iranian branch) | | oftobah | Yasgulem | The native language of Yasgulems, living in Tajikistan (Iranian branch) | | oftab | Sarikoli | the language is a member of the Pamir subgroup of the the Southeastern Iranian languages spoken by Tajiks in China. | | aftab | Dari | Literature language of Western and Eastern Iranians (Perses, Tadjiks and other), spoken from the end of 9th up to the beginning of 16th centuries on the territory of Central Asia, Iran, Afganistan, Azerbajan and the Northern-western part of India. Dari is similar to Tajik and Persian languages. | | aftab, suraj, shams | Urdu | Indo-European language, that aroused in 13 century. An official language in Pakistan. Urdu and Hindi are cognate languages. | | oftob | Shugnan | Shugnan is one of the Pamir languages of the Southeastern Iranian language group. Spoken in the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in Tajikistan and Badakhshan Province in Afghanistan. | | oftob | Shahmirzadi | Shahmirzadi belongs to the Northwestern branch of the Iranian languages | | aftEw | Semnani | Semnani is one of the local languages of the Semnan Province of Iran. | | oftob | Tajik (Tadjik) | The official language of Republic of Tajikistan. Tajik is also spoken in Uzbekistan, Tyrkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan. | | oftob | Yaghnobi | A North-East Iranian language spoken by a minority group in Tajikistan. | | efteb | Gilyak (Nivkh) | Gilyak or Nivkh is a language spoken in Outer Manchuria, in the basin of the Amgun (a tributary of the Amur), along the lower reaches of the Amur itself, and on the Northern half of Sakhalin. | | oftoi | Tat language (Tat (Muslim) | Tat (or Tati) language is a Southwestern Iranian language spoken by th Tats in Azerbaijan, Iran and Dagestan in Russia. Its written form is related to Middle Persian Pahlavi. It is also closely related to Judeo-Tat. | | oftoi, CiSme | Judeo Tat (Juhuri) | Spoken in Dagestan (Russia). | | aptap | Uighur (uyghur) language | One of two official Languages in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China. Also Spoken in Afghanistan, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan, etc. | | EftEw | Eastern Farsi | Afganistan | | aftEw | Lasgerdi | Lasgerdi is one of the local languages of Semnan Province in Northwestern Iran. | | oXtov | Natanzi | Iran | | Xaftow; xorSid | Larestani | Southern Iran | | 7aft3w | Bakhtiari | Iran | | garma; 7aft3w (7aftaw) | Luri | Iran | | kot | Mansi language | The language of Ugric subgroup of Finno-Ugric group of Ural language family. The language of Mansi people. | | kec3 | Western Cheremis | Ural (Russia) | | kec3 | Tscheremissisch (Cheremis) Kozmodemjansk | The south Ural (Russia) | | kec3 | Tscheremissisch Urzum | The south Ural (Russia) | | kec3 | Mari (Russia) | Mari language is spoken by approximately 400,000 people, belongs to the Uralic language family. It is spoken primarily in the Mari Republic (Mari: Marii El, i.e., 'Mari land') of the Russian Federation as well as in the area along the Vyatka river basin and eastwards to the Urals. | | keCy~e | Meadow Mari | Mari El Republic, Russian Federation | | xɔ:tal \*\* | Sosva | Dialect of Mansi (and Khanty). Sverdlovsk region (Russia) | | qatə'l \*\* | Middle Lozva | Dialect of Mansi (and Khanty). Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug and Sverdlovsk region. | | qatə'l \*\* | Lower-Lozva | Dialect of Mansi (and Khanty). Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug and Sverdlovsk region (Russia). | | qɔtə'l | Pelymka | Dialect of Mansi (and Khanty). Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug and Sverdlovsk region. | | qotə'l | Konda | Dialect of Mansi (and Khanty). Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug and Sverdlovsk region. | | q'ɔtə'l | Tavda | Dialect of Mansi (and Khanty). Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug and Sverdlovsk region. | | 53lt3n (5oltun) | Even (Ewen) language | The Polar Siberia, Russia | | doliCa | Evenki Poligus Literary | Central Siberia, Russia | | kik | Khakas language | Russia, to the West of lake Baikal | | sImalə | Mari language (?) | Uralic language spoken in Russia | | oka | Sese Gumuz | Gumuz family: Gumuz group | | oka | Sai Gumuz | Gumuz family: Gumuz group | | oka | Gojjam | Sudan (on the border with Ethiopia) | | oka | Disoha | Sudan (on the border with Ethiopia) | | oka; wɔ:ka | Gumuz | Gumuz; Nilo-Saharan; Africa | | oka; o:ka | Sese | Sese language, Niger-Congo language of the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. | | wo:ka | Metemma Gumuz | Gumuz family: Gumuz group | | woka: | Gojjam Gumuz | Gumuz family: Gumuz group | | woka: | Kokit | the language in western Ethiopia and eastern Sudan (a variety of Gumuz language). | | akol | Southeastern Dinka | South Sudan | | akol (?) | Agar | Agar (Akama) is an Outer Joriscian language and the official language of Agamar and the Agamari Banner. Indigenous to the peninsula of Pama, Ephgil and parts of the Lefdic coastline, the language is also spoken today in communities in Azophin and Terophan as well as across the vast expanse of Agamari Serania. (Indonesia) | | akol | Rek | Rek people, a subsection of the Dinka people, an ethnic group. Rek language, a standard variety of the Dinka language. South Sudan | | akoloN | Teso | Teso (natively Ateso) is an Eastern Nilotic language spoken by the Iteso people of Uganda and Kenya. | | akolong | Karimojong | Uganda (Nilotic; Nilo-Saharan; Africa) | | akolong | Ngakarimojong | This language is spoken in Uganda. | | koloN | Bari | Bari is the Nilotic language of the Karo people, spoken over large areas of Central Equatoria state in South Sudan. (Africa) | | koloN | Kuku | The Kuku language belongs to the Bari language group, of the Southeastern Nilotic branch of the Nilotic language family of the Southern Sudan and Northern Uganda. | | koloN | Ngyepu | the Southern Sudan and Northern Uganda. | | koloN | Nyanggwara | the Southern Sudan and Northern Uganda. | | koloN | Mondari | Southern Sudan | | koloN | Nyangatom | Nyangatom is a Nilo-Saharan language (Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic) spoken in Ethiopia by the Nyangatom people. | | koloN | Turkana | Turkana is the language of the Turkana people of Kenya. It is spoken in Northwestern Kenya, primarily in Turkana County, which lies west of Lake Turkana. | | oxoloN | Lokoya | Lokoya is an Eastern Nilotic language spoken by an estimated 12,400 people in South Sudan. | | aqoloN | Karamojong | North-eastern Uganda | | xoloN | Dongotono | an Eastern Nilotic language spoken by an estimated 5,000 people in South Sudan | | oxgohong | Liguri | Southern Sudan | | oxgohong | Logorik | Northern Sudan | | nar, nara | Mongol | Mongol branch of Altai language family | | nara | Mongghuer (Monquor) | a Mongolic language of China's Qinghai-Gansu provinces. | | nara | Minhe Mangghuer | China | | nara | Monguor | Monguor language belongs to the Mongolic branch of Altaic languages, it is divided into Huzhu and Minhe two dialect | | nara | Monguor-Tu | Monguor-Tu (or Tu) is a Mongolic language spoken by the Monguors (about 49,000 people), an ethnic group living mainly in Qinghai and Gansu Provinces in the Northwest of China. | | nara\* | Buriat (Russia) | Trancebaikalia (Russia) | | nara(n) | Ordos | Ordos is a Mongolic language spoken by the Ordos, a Mongol tribe that inhabits inner Mongolia. | | nara(n) | Buryat | the language of Buryats, living in Buryat autonomous republic of Russian Federation, in North part of Mongolia and on Northwest part of China. Mongolian branch of Altai language family | | nara | Huzhu Mongghul | China | | naran | Middle Mongol language | (used in 13-15th centuries) Mongol branch of Altai language family | | naran | Dongxiang | The Mongolian language spoken in Northwestern China by about 250,000 people. The Dongxiang, one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized in China, are closely related to the Mongolians. | | naran | Moghol | (or Mogholi) - language of moghols, belongs to the Mongol family of languages. Spoken in Afganistan in two villages near Gerat - Kundur and Kerez-e-Mulla. There are about 200 people speaking Moghol. | | naran | Yugur | (or Eastern Yugur) is a Mongolic language spoken in China (Gansu Province) by around 3,000 people. | | nar(an) | Khalkh | (the dialect of Mongolian that is the official language of Mongolia) | | narn | Kalmyk | Mongolic; Altaic; Asia | | narang | Bonan | The Mongolic language of the Bonan ethnic group of China. It is spoken by about 8,000 people in Gansu and Qinghai provinces in Northwestern China. | | nar, nare | Daur | the language of Daurs (spoken in the Inner Mongolia - autonomous district of China). | | nar | Bahnar (Plei Bong-Mang Yang) | Bahnaric; Austro-Asiatic; Asia | | nar | Chil | Southern Vietnam | | nar | Dagur | Mongolic; Altaic; Asia | | nar | Eastern Mnong | Vietnam and Cambodia | | nar | Gar | dialect name of Eastern Mnong (Vietnam and Cambodia) | | nar; nye (?) | Kalaqin | Northern-eastern China | | nar | Kuan | Kuan is a Tai language of Laos. | | nar | Preh (Mnong, Central) | (alt names: Bunor; Biat) Cambodia, Vietnam | | nar | Proto-Mnong | The Mnong language (also known as Pnong or Bunong) belongs to the Mon-Khmer language family. It is spoken by the different groups of Mnong in Vietnam and a Mnong group in Cambodia. | | nar | Proto-South-Bahnaric | Proto South Bahnaric: a reconstruction of a Mon-Khmer language of Indo-China. | | nar | Rolom | dialect name of Eastern Mnong (Vietnam and Cambodia) | | nar | Stieng | the language of the Stieng people of Southern Vietnam | | naru | Khamnigan Mongol | at Northern China, near Mongolian border | | natu | Baoan | Baoan language belongs to the Mongolic branch of Altaic languages. Spoken in Gansu province of Northwest China. | | naray | Kabutra | Southern Pakistan | | namCh~oNwa | Dungmali | India, Bihar state | | nan35\*\* | Wunai (Punu, Ngnai) | western Hunan province, China | | nankhan | Magar | This language is spoken in the East and the South of Pokhara, Nepal. | | naNma | Gelanghe Akha | Southern China | | hnub [nue] | Hmong | The common name for a group of dialects of the West Hmongic branch of the Hmong-Mien/Miao-Yao language family, spoken by the Hmong people of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Northern Vietnam, Thailand, and Laos. The total number of speakers worldwide has been estimated to be more than 4 millions. | | noa | Mon | Spoken in the Union of Myanmar (Burma) and Thailand. Monic; Austro-Asiatic; Asia | | amra | Abkhaz | North-West Caucasus | | a-mer | Bzyb | North-West Caucasus | | mara | Abaza | Northwest group of Caucasus languages. Spoken mainly in Karachay-Chercessia (Russian Federation) and in Turkey. | | nyui | Akwa | Kainji; Niger-Congo; Africa | | nij; nyi ma (ku-mud tfyra; mchod-ldan; mun-sel; mgon-po; hod-ldan) | Tibetan | Tibetan is a language spoken by approximately 6 million people across the Tibetan Plateau. It belongs to the Tibeto-Burman group of the Sino-Tibetan (or Sino-Thai) family. Spoken Tibetan includes dozens of regional dialects and sub-dialects which, in many cases, are not mutually intelligible. There are two variants of the language: Tibetan Dingri и Tibetan Drokpa. | | nyima | Sherpa | Bodic; Sino-Tibetan; Asia | | nisa | Hmar | a Tibeto-Burman language (Kukish branch) spoken mainly in India, in the regions of Manipur, Mizoram and Assam, by approximately 83,000 people. | | en-dama | The Maasai (Maa) language | Kenya, Tanzania | | daaran | Kushi | Afroasiatic Chadic, Nigeria | | varaʁ | Alyk | the North Caucasian language family | | ragh | Budukh | (or Budugh) is a Samur language of the Northeast Caucasian language family spoken in parts of the Quba Rayon of Azerbaijan. | | ragh; raqini; (rar -?) | Lezgian language | (or Lezgi) Spoken in the Southeastern part of Dagestan and the North of Azerbaijan (Lezgic; Nakh-Daghestanian; Eurasia, Asia). | | rar (ragh) | Aghul | Lezgian group of Dagestan branch of Ibero-Caucasian language family | | raɹ | Fit'e | Daghestan, Russia | | raɹ | Gequn | Gequn (Burkikhan) is a dialect of the Aghul (Agul) language | | raɹ | Keren | Daghestan, Russia | | raɹ | Koshan (Qushan) | Daghestan, Russia | | raɹ | Gune | The Gunu language is a Southern Bantoid language of Cameroon. | | ra | Old Egyptian | Old Egyptian is the stage of the Egyptian language spoken from 2600 BC to 2000 BC. | | ra | Obolo | at the South of Nigeria, Africa | | ra | Mundu | Mundu (Mondo) is a Ubangian language of South Sudan, with a few thousand speakers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. | | ra | Rarotongan | The official language of the Cook Islands, also spoken in French Polynesia and New Zealand by a total of about 42,000 people. It is a Polynesian language. | | ra | Mangarevan language | Polynesian language, spoken on Mangareva island and nearby islands of Tuamotu archipelago. Mangarevan language is akin to Tahitian. The Mangarevan people inhabited Tuamotu islands from Marquesas islands in 13th century. | | ra (arch.); mahana | Tahitien language | (Tahitian) language is one of the polynesian languages. Spoken at i. Tahiti and other neighboring islands. It is closely related to Hawaiian, Rarotongan and Maori. | | ra | Kaian | Kaian (Kayan) is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea. | | ra | Kapingamarangi | Kapingamarangi is a Polynesian language spoken in the Federated States of Micronesia. It had 3,000 native speakers in 1995. The language is closely related to the Nukuoro language. | | ra\* | Skou | The Sko or Skou languages are a small language family spoken by about 7000 people, mainly along the coast of Sandaun Province in Papua New Guinea | | ra\* | Tumawo | Papuan language of Indonesia | | ra | Aniwa | Polinesian language (Oceanic; Austronesian; Australia & Oceania) | | ra | Anuta | Solomon Islands | | ra | Futuna | Oceanic; Austronesian; Australia & Oceania | | ra | Gamei | Mbore (Borei, Mborei) a.k.a. Gamei (Gamai) is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea. | | ra | Kaingang | The Kaingang language is a Ge language spoken by the Kaingang people of Southern Brazil. | | ra (ra'a) | Rapa Nui | The Rapa Nui language (also Rapanui) is an Eastern Polynesian language spoken by the Rapanui, the inhabitants of Easter Island. | | ra | Tuamotuan | Tuamotuan or Paumotu is a Polynesian language spoken by 4,000 people in the Tuamotu archipelago, with an additional 2,000 speakers in Tahiti. | | rae | Lewo Mate | Indonesia | | rae | Lewo Nul | Indonesia | | ran | Segemuk | Nigeria | | ren | Ron Daffo Butura | Plateau State, Nigeria | | ret | Middle Chinese | Middle China | | ret3k | Wutun | The Wutun language is a Chinese-Tibetan-Mongolian creolized language (Central China) | | ret | Themne | Temne (also Themne, Timne) is a language of the Mel branch of the Niger-Congo language family, spoken in Sierra Leone by about 2 million first-language speakers. | | reyoso | Kohumono | Cross River; Niger-Congo; Africa | | ri (li) | Tagbu | Tagbo (Tagbu, Tagba) is a Ubangian language of Democratic Republic of the Congo. | | ri | Gbugyar | Nigeria | | ri | Keja | Central Nigeria | | ri | Mada | Mada is a regionally important Plateau language of Nigeria, with many dialects. | | ri | Ncekpe | Central Nigeria | | ri | Nco | Central Nigeria | | ri | Ndeywan | Central Nigeria | | ri | Ndogo | Ndogo is a Ubangian language, one of the nine major languages of South Sudan | | ri | Ningye | Ningye is a Plateau language of Nigeria. | | ri | Njigban | Nigeria | | ri | Rija | Central Nigeria | | ri | Rinze | Central Nigeria | | pw~ari | Mbula | Nigeria | | owara; wara | Oruma | Oruma is one of three small Inland Ijaw languages of Nigeria. | | ri3a | Tharaka | a Bantu language of Kenya. | | ro | Gabu | Central African republic | | roro | Banda | Banda is a family of Ubangian languages spoken by the Banda people of Central Africa. | | oxgohon | Logorik | Eastern Sudanic language family: Daju group | | xon | Caning | Eastern Sudanic language family: Daju group | | xoN | Shatt | The Shatt language is an Eastern Sudanic language of the Daju family spoken in the Shatt Hills (part of the Nuba Mountains) southwest of Kaduqli in South Kurdufan province in Southern Sudan | | rone | Sila | Eastern Sudanic language family: Daju group | | rone | Eref | Eastern Sudanic language family: Daju group | | rone | Nyalgulgule | Eastern Sudanic language family: Daju group | | ro:ne | Lagawa | (Daju Lagawa) - The Lagowa dialect of South Kordofan spoken in Dar el Kabira, Jebel Miheila, Lagawa, Nyukri, Silecce, Tamanyik, and Warina area villages (south-western Sudan) | | orone | Nyala | Eastern Sudanic language family: Daju group | | ru | Lufu | Nigeria | | ru | Waka | Waka is an Adamawa language of Nigeria. | | rui | Bon Gula | Bon Gula, or Bon, is an Adamawa language of Chad. | | rao | Awar | Awar is a Ramu language spoken in three villages in Papua New Guinea. | | rau | Sera | Sera (Ssia) is an Austronesian language of coastal Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea. | | rau | Sissano (Sisano) | Sissano is an Austronesian language spoken by at most a few hundred people around Sissano in Aitape District, Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea. | | sara; atan | Ngalum | Ngalum is the most populous of the Ok languages of West Papua and Papua New Guinea. | | sare | Kaipi | Papua New Guinea (south seashore). | | sare | Toaripi | Papua New Guinea (south seashore). | | sare | Sepoe | Papua New Guinea | | sare | Uaripi | Tairuma, also known as Uaripi after its location, is a Trans-New Guinea language of Papua New Guinea. | | sera (\*) | Siagha-yen | Papua New Guinea. | | suwara (\*) | Kakabi | Papua New Guinea. | | ran-san | Atong | Atong (A'tong) is a Sino-Tibetian language spoken in the South Garo Hills and West Khasi Hills districts of Meghalaya state in Northern India, Southern Kamrup district in Assam and adjacent areas in Bangladesh. | | raN saN | Rabha | Rabha is a Sino-Tibetan language of India. | | raN han | Naga Wancho | Northeastern India. | | raNhan | Wancho | Wancho is a Konyak language of North-eastern India. | | raNSal | Yogli | India, Myanmar | | ravi- m. | Old Indian | India | | ravi; sooryu | GSB Mangalore | in the city of the Indian state of Karnataka | | arew; arev | Armenian | Armenia | | arev | Ancient Armenian | In ancient Armenian language basic words aroused presumably 2000-2500 years ago when the forming of armenian ethnos had complited | | na' | Kirati | (or Kirat, or Kirant), is spoken in Nepal by ethnic groups like Limbu, who were the earliest inhabitants of Nepal. It is a Tibeto-Burman language. | | nam | Dumi | Spoken in the Khotang District, Nepal. (Mahakiranti; Sino-Tibetan; Asia) | | nam | Kulung | Spoken in Nepal and India. | | nam | Bahing | Bahing (also known as Rumdali) is a language spoken in the Okhaldhunga district of Nepal. | | nam | Dumi | Nepal | | nam | Drung (Derung) | Derung, Dulong or Trung is a Tibeto-Burman language of the Derung people of China. | | nam | China Nung | China | | nam | Mewa Khola Limbu | Nepal. | | nam; namhak | Limbu | Spoken in Nepal. Also spoken in the State of West Bengal, India and Bhutan. | | nam | Lohorung | Nepal | | nam | Nachering | Nachhiring is a Kirati language spoken mostly in the eastern hills of Nepal. It merges into Kulung in the North and Sampang in the south. The name can also be spelled Nachering, Nachhereng, Nacchhering, Nasring. | | nam | Puma | Puma is a Kiranti language in Sagarmatha Zone, Nepal. | | nam | Yakha | Yakkha (also erroneously spelled as Yakha) is a language spoken in parts of Nepal, Darjeeling district and Sikkim. | | nam | Bantawa | Nepal | | nam | Camling | Nepal | | nam | Chhintange | western Nepal | | nam | Yorno-So | an Eastern Dogon language (Africa) | | nam | Fe'fe' | Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa | | nam | Batie | Cameroon | | nam | tombo so | one of the Dogon languages (Mali) | | nam | Bamoun | (Mum) Cameroon | | nam | Ghomala | Cameroon | | 5am | Balafi | Other names for the Fe'fe' language: (Balafi, Bafang, Bamileke-Fe'fe', Bandja-Babountou, Bangan, Ca', Fa', Fe'efe'e, Feefee, Fefe, Fondanti, Fondjomekwet, Fotouni, La'fi, Mkwet, Nee, Ngam, Njee-Poantu, Nka', Ntii, Nufi, Tungi') Cameroon | | nam | Bangam | Cameroon | | njam | Medumba | a Grassfields language of Cameroon. | | nama | Phana | Phana’ (also called Bana or Pana) is a Loloish language of Laos and China. | | nami | Chug | Butan (Himalayas) | | nami | Lish | India, the Assam state (Himalayas) | | n3m | Rawang | Rawang, also known as Krangku, Kiutze (Qiuze), and Ch’opa, is a Sino-Tibetan language of India and Burma. | | namCo wa | Waling | Waling is an extinct Kiranti language of Nepal. | | nima | Spiti Bhoti | the sino-tibetian language of the people on the North India | | nima | Drokgye Kham | Nepal | | Nima | Lhomi | Nepal | | nyihma | Helambu Sherpa | Nepal | | nyi ma | bod skad (the Tibetan language) | Other names for the Bod Skad language: Anshuenkuan Nyarong, Batang, Bhokha, Bod, Byokha, Central Tibetan | | nyma | Tsetang | Zetang, also Zedang or Tsethang, is the fourth largest city in Tibet and is located in the Yarlung Valley, 183 km southeast of Lhasa in Nedong District of Shannan, Tibet Autonomous Region of China. | | Nyi ma | Sherpa | Nepal | | 5i ma | Jirel | Jirel is a Southern Tibetic language of Nepal. | | 5ima | Western Balti | Pakistan | | 5ima | Eastern Balti | Balti is a Tibetic language spoken in the Baltistan division of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. | | 5ima | Kagate | Nepal | | 5ima | Kyirong | Nepal | | 5ima | Lowa | Nepal | | 5ima | Purik | The Purgi language (alternative spellings: Purki, Purig and Burig) is spoken by the Purikpa, a group of Tibetan Muslims, with a slight mixture with Dardic. The Purikpa live south of the Balti in Ladakh. Most of them live in Ladakh and Baltistan, especially in Kargil although significant numbers reside in Leh. Many Puriks are also present in China. | | 5i ma | Tibetan Written | | | nimo | Kargil Balti | Pakistan | | nimo | Khapalu Balti | Pakistan | | nimo | Kharmang Balti | Pakistan | | nimo | Rondu Balti | Pakistan | | nimo | Skardu Balti | Pakistan | | 5imo | Biyue (Piyo) | China | | 5imo | Caiyuan Biyo | Southern China | | 5i mo | Kaduo | Northern Laos | | noma | Dazhai Hani | south-eastern China | | nom | Jerung | Jerung is a moribund Kiranti language spoken in Nepal. | | noNmit | Naga Khoibu | an endangered Tibeto-Burman language spoken by the Khoibu tribe. | | noron | Buriat Mongolia | a variety of Mongolian language spoken by Buryats. | | numit | Naga Maring | Northeastern India. | | numo | Mojiang Hani | The South of China and Indochina | | numo | Shuigui Honi | spoken in Yunnan, China | | nu\*No | Shigar Balti | Pakistan | | 5ime | Naxi | Naxi (also known as Nakhi, Nasi, Lomi, Moso, Mo-su), is a Sino-Tibetan language or group of languages spoken by some 310,000 people most of whom live in or around Lijiang City Yulong Naxi Autonomous County of the province of Yunnan, China. | | 5im3 | Tibetan Central | Central Tibetan, also known as Dbus is the most widely spoken Tibetic language and the basis of Standard Tibetan. | | 5i m3 | Tibetan Lhasa | Lhasa Tibetan is spoken by approximately 150,000 exile speakers who have moved from modern-day Tibet to India and other countries. | | 53mi | Zhaba | spoken by about 8,000 people in Daofu County and Yajiang County, China. | | nimi | Kham | (also Magar Pang) Nepal. | | nimi | Takale Kham | Nepal | | nini | Sherdukpen | Sherdukpen is a small language of India. | | nimi | Taka Kham | Taka dialect (a Tibeto-Burman language of Nepal). | | nimi7 | Sartang | Sartang is a small language of India. | | 5im | Dzongkha | Official language of the Kingdom of Bhutan. Also spoken in India and Nepal. | | 7njam | Bujhyal | Nepal | | iN | Kusunda | Kusunda (Kusanda) is a language isolate spoken by a handful of people in western and central Nepal. | | medoNmoN | Bangni Nyishi | Nepal | | ɲiwaŋ | Rgyalthan Tibetan | Sino-Tibetan | | simigi | Hurrian | Hurrian belonged to the Hurro-Urartian language family which had only 2 languages in it - Hurrian and Urartian, both of which were spoken in southern (Mediterranean) area of Turkey. | | aone | Southern Pa-Hug | China | | ne | Qiandong | China | | nay | Toro So Dogon | Africa | | nay | Dogon | Mali (Africa) | | nay:niy | Gokana | Cross River; Niger-Congo; Africa | | nij (nay); zabwe: | Burmese | The national language of Burma where it is spoken by 32 million people as a first language. It uses the Burmese script, derived from the Mon script and ultimately from the Brahmi script. Burmese belongs to the Tibeto-Burman group, which is part of the Sino-Tibetan family. | | nh~i\* | Byansi | India, Himalayas, the Uttarakhan province | | nh~e | Xiangxi Hmong | south-central China | | nh~E | Yanghao Hmong | China | | nh~E | Hmu | The Hmu language, also known as Qiandong Miao, Central Miao, East Hmongic, or Black Miao, is a dialect cluster of Hmongic languages of China. | | nhεi\*\* | Qiandong | Southeast Asia (China). | | Ne7 | Mal | Laos | | ni-ni: | Perge Tegu | Perge Tegu ('Pergue language') is an Eastern Dogon langauge, belonging to the Jamsay dialect and is spoken in Pergue village, which is on a rocky shelf near Beni. | | ni-ni | Gourou | The Eastern Dogon language (Africa), belonging to the Jamsay dialect and is spoken in several villages mostly south of Koro (a Fijian island). | | nini | Jamsay | an Eastern Dogon langauge | | ni | Bira Bip | on the East of the Democratic Republic of Congo | | ni | Dogon Jamsay | Mali (Africa) | | ni | Bijiang | (the (Northern) dialect of Bai language) China | | ni | Mizo | Mizo is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken mainly in India (in Mizoram, a Northeast Indian state), but also in Myanmar and Bangladesh, by about 700,000 people. | | ni | Chin Siyin | western Myanmar | | ni | Bijiang | The Sino-Tibetan family: Baic group | | ni | Rongpo | Rongpo (Rangpo) is a West Himalayish language spoken in India. | | nisa | Chin Thado | western Myanmar | | ni | Chin Zyphe | western Myanmar | | ni | Chin Haka | western Myanmar | | ni | Mru | North-Eastern India | | ni | Old Tangut | Tangut is an ancient Northeastern Tibeto-Burman language once spoken in the Western Xia, also known as the Tangut Empire. | | ni | Lushai | in the Northern-eastern part of India | | ni | Rang Pas | Bodic; Sino-Tibetan; Asia | | ni | Darmiya | Darmiya (Darma) is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in the Indian state of Uttarakhand. | | ni | Naga Tarao | Northeastern India. | | ni | Mru | Northeastern India | | ni | Bumthangkha | Butan (Asia) | | ni | Kom India | Northern India (the Manipur state) | | ni | Chaudangsi | India, Himalayas | | ni | Koireng | India, the Manipur state (Northern India) | | ni | Chothe | Northeastern India | | 5i | Galo | Northern India (the Arunachal Pradesh state) | | Ni7 | Damangnuo Wa | south-western China, near the border with India | | ani | Naga Yimchungru | Northeastern India. | | nici | Bunan | at the Southern India | | Nith~e | Yongan Chinese | The south-west China | | niba\*r | Dolakha Newar | Nepal | | nibh3 | Khwopa Newar | Nepal | | nera | Ravula | Ravula, known locally as Yerava or Adiyan, is a Dravidian language of Karnataka and Kerala (India) | | nitau | Dongshan Biao Mon | China | | ni tao | Chinese Fuzhou dialect | | | nik-tau | Ming-deng-ngu | (Min Dong Chinese, Eastern Min) (The South of China, Vietman). The standart form of Min Dong Chinese is a Fuzhou subdialect. Fuzhou is a center of the Min Dong Chinese dialect spreading. | | nik tau | Fuzhou | China, at the seaside of the Taiwan channel | | ngit-teu | Hakka | also rendered Kejia, is one of the major languages within the Sinitic branch of Sino-Tibetan and it is spoken natively by the Hakka people in Southern China, Taiwan and Hong Kong. | | gnit7; jong2 | Hagfa Pinyim | Hagfa Pinyim (literally 'Hakka Pinyin') is a system of romanization used to transcribe Chinese characters as used in Hakka | | nit teu | Gan | Gan is a group of Chinese varieties spoken as the native language by many people in the Jiangxi province of China, as well as significant populations in surrounding regions such as Hunan, Hubei, Anhui, and Fujian. | | nit | Early Zhou Chinese | The Sino-Tibetan family: China | | nit | Classical Chinise | The Sino-Tibetan family: China | | nit | Late Middle Chinese | The Sino-Tibetan family: China | | nij | Burmese | is the official language of Myanmar. A member of the Burmese-Lolo branch of the the Sino-Tibetan language family spoken by about 21 million people in Burma (Myanmar). | | jit-thau | Min Nan; Southern Min | (Ban-lam-guu) The China branch of the the Sino-Tibetan language family | | jit-thau | Amoy (Zhangzhou, Tainan) | Chinese; Sino-Tibetan; Asia | | lit-thau | Amoy (Quanzhou, Taipei) | Chinese; Sino-Tibetan; Asia | | yat tau (taiyeung) | Cantonese | (or Standard Cantonese), is a variant of Cantonese (Yue) Chinese. It is commonly spoken in Hong Kong, Guangzhou and Macau, and by many overseas Chinese. There are about 71 million speakers. | | tshav | Hmong Daw | (or Mong) is a dialect continuum of the West Hmongic branch of the Hmongic languages South China, North Vietman, Laos, Tailand, Myanmar (11 million people) | | tsha; hwan | Hlai (Baoding) | Southern Hainan, China (Ha dialect; isolated branch). Hlai; Tai-Kadai; Asia | | istanus (astanu) | (Ancient) Hittite | The dead language of the Indo-Europian language family. The Hittites entered Anatolia some time before 2000 BC. While their earlier location is disputed, there has been strong evidence for more than a century that the home of the Indo-Europeans in the fourth and third millennia was in what is now Southern Russia and the Ukraine. | | nai | Zhenfeng Hmong | South-East China | | nai | Zaomin | China | | nai | Daping Mien | south-western China | | nai | Maibi | Papua New Guinea (!) | | nai mik | Naga Liangmai | Northeastern India. | | nai mik | Naga Zeme | Kuki-Chin; Sino-Tibetan; Asia. (Northeastern India) | | Nai sa Ni | Plang | Shan state, Burma/Myanmar (Asia) | | NaiNi7 | Kemie | China (at the border with Laos) | | Naj pxi | Lamet | Lamet is a Mon-Khmer language of Laos. | | Naj pxi | Lampanglamet | Thailand | | Najpxi | Wiang Pa Pao Lua | Southern Chiang Rai Province, Thailand | | noi | Chiangrai Mien | Chiangrai Province, Thailand | | noi | Dapinggjiang Mien | one of the languages spoken in Southern China, Northern Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand. | | noi | Taipan Mien | south-eastern Asia | | noi | Haininh Mien | Northern Vietnam | | noi | Dapingjiang Mien | south-western China | | noi | Taipan Mien | The North part of Vietnam (near China border) | | no | Chenhu She | south-eastern China | | no | Lakher Mara | Northern India | | no | Tlongsai | (or Mara Chin) the Sino-Tibetan language (India ?) | | no (nt~oN) | Longhua Bunu | the South-East of the China | | nt~oN | Liuxiang Bunu | the Southern China | | noko | She | The She language is an endangered Hmong-Mien language spoken by the She people (China). | | nton; no | Longhua Bunu | (a.k.a. Liuxiang Bunu) southeastern China | | no-dou | Boluo (Luxi) Tujia | Boluo Tujia is a Tibeto-Burman language, spoken in south-central China. | | n mo | Xiandao | a dialect of Achang language from Yingjiang County, Yunnan, China | | nh~o | Hmong (Hmoob) | Hmong spoken in China, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, USA, and French Guiana. | | no | Chuanqiandian | the language in the Chinese provinces of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangxi | | nu | Hmong Daw | China | | nu | Hmong Njua | China | | nh~i\* | Byangsi | Byangsi is a West Himalayish language of India and Nepal. | | nh~ima | Kaike | Magar Kaike is a Sino-Tibetan language of Nepal | | nh~e (ne) | Xiangxi | The Xong language, also known as Xiangxi Miao, Eastern Miao, Meo, Red Miao, and North Hmongic, is a dialect cluster of Hmongic languages in South China and North Vietnam | | nh~E | Hmu | a dialect cluster of Hmongic languages of China | | nh~e | Jiwei Hmong | China | | nh~e | Layiping Hmong | Southern China | | nh~e | Western Xiangxi Hmong | South-central China | | nh~E | Yanghao Hmong | China | | ne | Pa-hng | Pa-Hng (also spelled Pa-Hung) is a divergent Hmongic (Miao) language spoken in Guizhou, Guangxi, and Hunan in Southern China as well as Northern Vietnam. | | ne | Yangon Burmese | Burma (Myanmar) | | ne'ra | Kodagu | Dravidian language, India (\*). | | Ne7 | Guanshuang Wa | The Southern China, on the border with Myanmar | | n3y | Kabui Rongmei | at Nothern-Eastern India (the Nagaland state) | | nNe; n3e | Nhaheun | Nyaheun is a Mon–Khmer language of the Bahnaric branch spoken in Southern Laos. | | 53ma | Maqu Tibetan | Central area of China | | ponon; nangu | Bunu (Punu) | Dialect continium in China | | hano | Xiaozhai Younuo | China | | hano | Huangluo Younuo | Guangxi, China | | nanne | Hm-Nai | China | | na.6 lit.9 | Biao (Kang Bau, Kang Beu) | China | | nach~e | Naga Chokri | Chokri, or Eastern Angami, is one of three languages spoken by the Chakhesang Naga of Phek district, Nagaland state, India. | | ndy$y | Dafang | Southern China | | ngam (Nam) | Tshangla | Bodic; Sino-Tibetan; southern China (near the Indian border) | | nniaN | Kuy | Soui, Kuay, or Kuy, language of Northeastern Thailand, Northern Cambodia, and parts of Southern Laos. | | nepsuN | Thulung | Thulung is a Kiranti language spoken in parts of Nepal and Sikkim. | | ne; thura | Burmeza | Birma (\*). | | 53 | Naga Sangtam | Northeastern India. | | 53o | Jino | China (Yunnan province, China) | | 5ai | Wanleng Wa | The south of China | | 5am | Chepang | Nepal | | 5i | Ladakhi | Northern India | | 5i3 | Northern Baima | Baima is a language spoken by 10,000 Baima people, of Tibetan nationality, in North central Sichuan Province, and Gansu Province, China. | | 5ia | Nusu | Nusu is a Loloish language spoken by the Nu people of China. | | 5iE; 5ima | Southern Baima | China | | 5iE | Wujiao Baima | Baima is a language spoken by 10,000 Baima people, of Tibetan nationality, in North central Sichuan Province, and Gansu Province, China. | | 5itio | Xiang (Hsiang) | Chinese language that is spoken in Hunan province. | | 5iwaN | Rgyalthang | Eastern Tibet | | 5iwo | Mpi | Mpi is a Loloish language of Northern Thailand. | | 5y~imo | Enu | Southern China | | nimo | Chorbat Balti | Pakistan | | nimo; pui | Achang | Burmese-Lolo; Sino-Tibetan; Asia | | pui | Pela | Pela or Bola is a Burmish language of western Yunnan, China. Pela may also be spoken in Burma. | | pui | Tsaiwa | Zaiwa (Tsaiwa, Tsaiva) is a language spoken in parts of China and Burma. | | ndra | Ubykh | Ubykh is a language which was spoken by the Ubykh people, first on the eastern coast of the Black Sea, then in Turkey where the Ubykh had emigrated. Turkish and Circassian progressively became the preferred languages for everyday communication, and the last speaker of Ubykh died in 1992. Ubykh is a Northwest Caucasian language, like Abkhaz and Abaza. | | naan | Sunwar (Sunuwar) | spoken in Nepal by the Sunuwar people. | | nwaam | Khaling | Solukhumbu district, Nepal. (Mahakiranti; Sino-Tibetan; Asia) | | (d)wam | Wambule | East Nepal (Mahakiranti; Sino-Tibetan; Asia) | | lach (\*) | Itelmen language † | Itelmen forms a Southern branch of Chukotko-Kamchatkan family; Eurasia. The language of Kamchatka native people. | | yalN3n | North Itelmen | Kamchatka (Russia) | | la'a | Tongan | Tongan language is an Austronesian language of the Polynesian branch spoken in Tonga (Tonga Islands, South Pacific) (200000 speakers). | | laa | Niue (Niuean) | (Niue island). One of the Polynesian languages, very close to Tongan language. | | la | Hawaiian | One of polynesian languages (Austronesian language family), spoken at the Hawaiian islands. In the past it was the main language on Hawaiian islands. | | laa | Fotuna (Erronan - Alternate name) | Futuna-Aniwa is the Polynesian language spoken on the islands of Futuna and Aniwa in Vanuatu. It is also occasionally called West-Futunan to distinguish it from East-Futunan spoken on Futuna and Alofi in Wallis and Futuna | | la, mahana (?) | Samoan language | Samoan is the language of the Samoan islands, comprising the Independent country of Samoa and the United States territory of American Samoa. | | mahana | Dufaure | Du Faure. Papua New Guinea. | | mahana | Mangaian | Mangaian is a Polynesian language spoken in Mangaia, the most southerly of the Cook Islands and the second largest (1,300 inhabitants) after Rarotonga. Mangain is a dialect of Rarotongan. | | hana | Paumotan | (Paumotu), spoken at the archipelago of 78 coral islands in Pacific ocean (a part of France Polynesia). | | rimata | Roviana | Spoken on the Island of New Georgia, Solomon Islands. (Oceanic; Austronesian; Australia and Oceania). | | oumati | Marquesan | East-Central Polynesian dialect, of the Marquesic group, spoken in the Marquesas Islands of French Polynesia. | | oumati | North Marquesan | the Marquesas Islands of French Polynesia | | oumati | Marquesan language | (self-name: ‘E‘o ‘Kenata) French Polynesia | | oumati | Nuku Hiva | French Polynesia | | oumati | Ua Pou | The language of the native inhabitants of the third largest of the Marquesas Islands, in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. | | oumati | Langue De Isles Marquises | Marquesas Islands (Pasific ocean) | | oumati | Marquesan Nukuhiva | Marquesas Islands (Pasific ocean) | | nepi | Nambakaengo Malo | Oceanic Polynesia (the island in Pasific Ocean) | | nepi | Nea | to the North from Vanuatu | | nepi | Nea Nemboi | Santa Cruz | | lepi | Nea Nooli | Santa Cruz (Temotu province) | | ri | Ancient Chinese | | | rei, hei, p-re | Coptic | (ancient language). Spoken as a Sacred Language of the Coptic Orthodox Churches. (Egyptian-Coptic; Afro-Asiatic; Africa) | | xei; re | Met Remenkemi | Coptic or Coptic Egyptian (Met Remenkemi) is the latest stage of the Egyptian language, a Northern Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Egypt until at least the 17th century. | | xer | Sarikoli | The Sarikoli language (also Sariqoli, Selekur, Sarikul, Sariqul, Sarikoli) is a member of the Pamir subgroup of the Southeastern Iranian languages spoken by Tajiks in China. | | qorrax | Somali (Afsoomaali) | Soomaaliga. Somali language (Somali, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenia, Yemen). Belongs to Cushitic branch of Afrasian family of languages. | | ruC; rX~uC | Parachi | The Parachi language is an Iranian language. Parachi is spoken by some 600 individuals of the Paracha ethnic group in Afghanistan | | roch | Balochi | (or Baluchi, Baloci or Baluci) is spoken in Balochistan, but also in Pakistan (where it is one of the nine official languages), eastern Iran and Southern Afghanistan. There are about 8 million speakers. It is a Northwestern Iranian language, closely related to Kurdish. | | roc | Zazaki | the language of Zaza people (Northwest group of iranian languages of Indoeropian family). The east Turkey. | | roC | Balochi Eastern | the language in the East of Pakistan | | rig | Ninkyop | Nigeria. | | rir (rig) | Tabassaran | Tabassaran, or Tabasaran, is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken in Southern Dagestan by approximately 95,000 people. | | righ | Tabasaran language | (Khanag). The language of Tabasarans. Spoken в Dagestan (Russia). | | ragh | Lezgi | Northeast group of Caucasian languages | | raX | Agul | (Aghul), is a language spoken by the Aghuls in Southern Dagestan, Russia and in Azerbaijan. | | raX | Kuba Lezgi | Azerbaijan | | raX | Mikrakh Lezgi | Republic of Dagestan, Russian Federation | | riX | Northern Tabassaran | Tabasaran (also written Tabassaran) is a Northeast Caucasian language of the Lezgic branch. It is spoken by the Tabasaran people in Southern part of the Russian Republic of Dagestan. There are two main dialects: North (Khanag) and South Tabasaran. | | riX | Late Egyptian | Late Egyptian is the stage of the Egyptian language that was written by the time of the New Kingdom of Egypt around 1350 BC - the Amarna Period. | | rX | Middle Egyptian | Middle Egyptian is the typical form of Egyptian written from 2000-1300 BC (after Old Egyptian and before Late Egyptian), during the Middle Kingdom and the subsequent Second Intermediate Period. | | riN | Digaru Mishmi | China | | riN | Taraon | Digaro, also Taraon or Darang, is a Digarish language of Northeastern Arunachal Pradesh, India and Zay County, Tibet, China. | | verigh | Tsakhur language | Spoken в Ritul region od Dagestan and Northern part of Azerbaijan. | | viragh | Kryts | (Kryz; Krytz) is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken in Southern Dagestan. There are about 5,000 speakers. | | viragh | Budukh | (or Budugh) is a Lezgic language from the Northeast Caucasian family. There are less than 1,000 speakers, in the region of Quba (Northern Azerbaijan). | | virygh | Ritul language | Dagestan (Russia). | | virygh | Tsakhur | Northern Azerbaijan and southwestern Dagestan (Russia). | | ve:ra | Pengo | South-Central Dravidian; Dravidian; Asia (India) | | ve:ra | Manda | Dravidian; Dravidian; Asia (India) | | ve:la | Kui (in India) | South-Central Dravidian; Dravidian; Asia | | yarilo | Old Slavic | (ancient language) | | rana | Hausa | (Harshen Hausa) a Chadic language (a branch of the Afroasiatic language family) spoken by 40 million people of Northern Nigeria and Southern Niger | | rara | Nimbia | a dialect of the Gwandara language (Northern Nigeria) | | rana; cin (?) | Guazi | Afroasiatic Chadic | | nana | Arabishi | Nigeria? | | nana | Garaku | Nigeria | | nana | Gitata | Nigeria | | nana | Gwagwa | Nigeria | | nana | Karshi | Nigeria | | naNe; na:ŋge | Nigerian Fulfulde | Nigeria | | nang~a | Kenga | Kenga is a Bongo-Bagirmi language of Chad. | | nange | Borgu Fulfulde | Benin (Africa) | | nange | Central Eastern Niger Fulfulde | Niger | | nange | Fula Burkina Faso | Northern Burkina Faso, the Sahel region | | nange | Fulfulde Maasina | Mali (Africa) | | nange | Maasina | Niger-Congo language. | | 5eNg~e | Konja Sundani | Cameroon, Africa. | | 5ENg~E | Bunoge | Mali (Africa) | | 5aNga | Bukusu | Uganda | | 5aNga; tadi | Nzebi | The Nzebi languages are a series of Bantu languages spoken in the western Congo and in Gabon. | | 5aNg~a | Masaba | Uganda | | 5am | Bamileke | North-Western Cameroon | | 5am | Samba Leko | South-Western Nigeria (Africa) | | 5aNa | Iyaa | Congo | | 5aN | Konja Ndung | Cameroon, Africa. | | 5aga | Somyev | Somyev (Somyewe), also known as Kila, is a nearly extinct Mambiloid language of two villages, one in Nigeria and one in Cameroon | | na; tiyo; nyele | Ntomba Njale | Congo, Africa | | 5a | Babong | Cameroon | | 5a | Balondo | Cameroon | | 5E | Elung | Cameroon | | 5ElE | Konda Twelia | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | 5EN; du3 | Nla Mbo | western Cameroon (Africa) | | 5EnE (ane); una; tiyo | Ntomba | spoken in the DR Congo and the Republic of the Congo. | | 5me' | Denya-Bajwo | a Bantoid language of Cameroon | | 5EN | Mienge(Bassossi) | Cameroon | | 5EN | Nninong | Cameroon | | 5Ea | Manehas | Cameroon | | Nam | Shupamem | Cameroon (Africa) | | 5eNk (5eNG~) ; XEC | Mapos | Mapos Buang, also known as Mapos or Central Buang, is an Oceanic language in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea (?) | | 5im | Baba | (!) Cameroon | | 5i | Nle Mbo | (!) Cameroon (Africa) | | 5i | Aghem Weh | (!) North West Region of Cameroon | | 5ima | Gidiccho | (!) Gidiccho Island, Welege Island, Golmakka Island, and the western shore of Lake Abaya, Ethiopia. | | 5an | Basari | Southern Senegal (Africa) | | 5um | Adere (Adare; Hareri) | Somali (Africa) | | 5um | Dzodinka | At the Cameroon and Nigeria border | | 5um | Mungaka | Cameroon | | 5um3 | Pinyin | Pinyin is a Grassfields language spoken by some 27,000 people in the Northwest Region of Cameroon | | 5um; nuвm (???) | Bali | Balinese (or simply Bali) is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken by 3.3 million people (as of 2000) on the Indonesian island of Bali as well as Northern Nusa Penida, Western Lombok, Eastern Java, Southern Sumatra, and Sulawesi. | | num | Bambui | Mbui (Bambui) is a Bantu language spoken in Cameroon. | | na | Baga Mboteni | at the North of Guinea (Africa) | | na | Bandial | in the South of Senegal | | na7 | Falor | Senegal | | na7 | Ndut Falor | Palor (Falor, Paloor) is a language spoken in Senegal | | na7 | Palor | Senegal | | nai | Yariba (Yoruba, Yooba) | Nigeria | | n-ʃul | Nkumm | Nigeria (near the Cameroon border) | | N3 | De Wungtse | Cameroon (at the border with Nigeria) | | n3num3 | Mankon | Cameroon | | nage | Bagirmi Fulfulde | CAR (Africa) | | nah; nox\*\* | Lehar | Lehar or Laalaa (in their language) is one of the Cangin languages spoken in Senegal | | nak | Non | Senegal (West Africa) | | nox | Safen | Safene (Saafen), or Saafi-Saafi, is the principal Cangin language, spoken by 200,000 people in Senegal. | | naho oN | Ongamo | Ongamo, or Ngas, is probably extinct Eastern Nilotic language of Tanzania. | | Nama (Namla) | Wom Africa | Nigeria | | anwu (ash-shams ??) | Igbo | The language of Igbo people (Igboid; Niger-Congo; Africa). Spoken at the South-East Nigeria. More than 18 million people speak Igbo. There is an opinion that Igbo ancestors came from African Grate Lakes and Luna Mountains (East and Central Africa) to settle the place where Sahara desert dominates now. The desertification forced the people to migrate ahead to the South and to the North. | | anwu | Ika Nigeria | Nigeria | | aNgwo | Fam | east of Nigeria | | alaNw~u | Ekpeye | Nigeria | | alaŋ | Kam | Nigeria | | aNu | Ukawani Aboh Ndoni | Nigeria | | angu; tazi | Mbala | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | anu | Igede | the language spoken in Benue State and Cross River State, Nigeria, | | amb~u | Tsonga | Tsonga (Xitsonga) is a Southern African Bantu language spoken by the Tsonga people | | ani\*; ani\* i\*ki | Ombo | Ombo is a Bantu language of Maniema Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. | | ani\* | Kusu Matapa | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | ani\*i; oruwa | Biseni | the Nigerian coastal area | | ani | Gengele | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | ani | Komo | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | a5i (tazi); angu | Mbala | the Democratic Republic of the Congo | | a5i; Ci | Ogba | Ogba is a dialect of the standard Igbo spoken by the Ogba people of Nigeria. | | a5i; yanyo | Bijago | Bijago (or Bidyogo) is the language of the Bissagos Archipelago of Guinea-Bissau. | | a5i | Bijogo | the language of the tribe, inhabiting an island in Atlantic near Guinea-Bissau (Africa) | | a5ik (aɲik) | Maba Mabang | Maba (Maban, Mabang) is a Maban language spoken in Chad and Sudan. It is divided into several dialects, and serves as a local trade language. Maba is closely related to the Masalit language. Not to be confused with Maba language (Indonesia) | | a5iN | Runga | Aiki is a Maban language of Chad. It consists of two dialects, Runga and Kibet, which are divergent enough to be considered separate languages. Kibet (Kibeit, Kibeet, Kabentang) is spoken in Chad, while Runga (Roungo) is split between Chad and the CAR. | | an | Bulu | the language at the Southern Cameroon (Africa) | | ana | Boma Nord Ekemwa | the Democratic Republic of Congo | | ana | Boma Nord | the Democratic Republic of Congo | | ana | Boma | the Democratic Republic of Congo | | anak; se5yen | Kuwaataay | Gambia (Africa) | | anda | Pinzi | a Bantu language of Gabon. | | ane | Bolia Bandundu | the Democratic Republic of Congo | | Ane | Kela | the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Tshuopa province | | alo | Banda-Bambari | Central African republic (Africa) | | alo | Linda | Central African Republic | | ae | Burmese | Official Language of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar (Burma). | | cam; kham, zuna | Romani | (or Romany or Gipsy) is the language of the Roma and Sinti, who came originally from now Northern India and parts of Pakistan. It is an Indo-Aryan language (like Hindi, Gujarati, etc.). Romani is spoken by a total of 4.8 million people in 42 European countries, including Romania, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Bulgaria and Slovakia. | | kam (kham) | Angloromani | Angloromany (literally "English Romany") or "Angloromani" is a language combining aspects of English and Romany. | | kh~am | North Russian Romani | Russia | | kh~am | Romungro Romani | Carpathian Romani, also known as Central Romani or Romungro Romani, is a group of dialects of the Romani language spoken from Southern Poland to Hungary, and from eastern Austria to Ukraine. | | kh~am | Selice Romani | Indo-Aryan language of Slovakia | | kh~am; murS | Sepecides Romani | Turkey | | kh~am | Sofia Erli Romani | Bulgaria | | kh~am | Sremski Gurbet Romani | Serbia | | kh~am | Ursari Romani | Bulgaria | | kh~am | Vlax Romani | Vlax Romani is a dialect group of the Romani language. Vlax Romani varieties are spoken mainly in Southeastern Europe by Romani people. | | kh~am | Sinti Romani | Sinte Romani is the variety of Romani spoken by the Sinti people in Germany, France, Austria, some parts of Northern Italy and other adjacent regions. | | kh~am | Bugurdzi Romani | Kosovo (former Yugoslavia) | | kh~am | Banatiski Gurbet Romani | Serbia | | kh~am | Burgenland Romani | Austria | | kam; kh~am | Gurvari Romani | Hungary | | kh~am | Dolenjski Romani | Hungary (on the border with Austria) | | khann (?) | Yiddish | Germanic; Indo-European; Europe, Asia | | zhan | Jingpho | or Kachin, is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Burma and China by about 900,000 people. | | dinayara | Rajasthani | Rajasthani is an Indo-Aryan language of India, whose number of speakers are estimated up to 80 million people. It is spoken chiefly in the state of Rajasthan but also in Gujarat, Haryana and Punjab. | | nw~ar | Peshawar Pashto | Pakistan | | nw~3r | Northern Pashto | Northern Pashto or Northeastern Pashto, sometimes known as Yusufzai Pashto after its principal subdialect, is a Northern dialect of Pashto spoken in Northern Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan and Northeastern Afghanistan. | | nw~3r | Baffa Pashto | The North of Pakistan | | nw~3r | Oghi Pashto | Pakistan | | nw~3r | Swabi Pashto | The Northern Pakistan | | nw~3r | Batagram Pashto | the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan | | nw~3r | Bajaur Pashto | in the North of Pakistan | | nw~3r | Charsadda Pashto | in the North of Pakistan | | nw~3r | Madyan Pashto | Northern Pakistan | | nm3r st3rga | Bar Pashto | in the North of Pakistan | | nw~3r | Cherat Pashto | Pakistan | | nw~3r | Dir Pashto | Northern Pakistan | | nw~ar | Peshawar Pashto | Pakistan | | nw~ar | Mardan Pashto | Northern Pakistan | | nw~3r | Mingora Pashto | Northern Pakistan | | mi3 st3rg | Wana Pashto | Northern Pakistan | | mer3 st3rg3 | Parachinar Pashto | Pakistan | | mEra st3rga | Zakha Khel Afridi Pashto | Pakistan | | xorm3 st3rga | Miran Shah Pashto | Northern Pakistan | | d3 nm3r st3rga | Mohmand Pashto | Northern Pakistan | | mer; mer3 st3rg3 | Jamrud Afridi Pashto | Pakistan | | mEr3 st3rg3 | Hangu Pashto | Pakistan | | m3r st3rg3 | Shinwari Pashto | The Shinwari is an ethnic Pashtun tribe of Afghanistan and Pakistan. | | lmer3 st3rg3 | Thal Pashto | The North-East of Pakistan | | nm3r; lm3r | Pashin Kakari Pashto | Pakistan | | nm3r | Lakki Marwat Pashto | Pakistan | | nmer | Jallozai Pashto | Pakistan | | lm3r | Chaman Pashto | at the Southern Afganistan | | lm3r | Kandahar Pashto | Afganistan | | lm3r | Pishin Pashto | Pishin is a district in the Balochistan province of Pakistan. | | lm3r | Quetta Pashto | Quetta is the provincial capital and largest city of Balochistan, Pakistan. | | lm3r | Ningrahar (?) Pashto | Nangarhar Province | | mer | Waneci | a Pashto dialect which is spoken by a small population of Tareen tribes in Pakistan and Afghanistan, primarily in Harnai and Sinjawi area east of Quetta, Northern Balochistan, Pakistan. | | mier | Tirah Afridi Pashto | The Northern Pakistan | | mier | Ormuri | in some regions of Pakistan and Afganistan. | | mira | Yidgha | The Yidgha language is an Eastern Iranian language of the Pamir group spoken in the upper Lotkoh Valley (Tehsil Lotkoh) of Chitral in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. | | mira | Munji | The Munji language, also known as Munjani, Munjhan and the Munjiwar language, is a Pamir language spoken in Munjan valley in Badakhshan Province in Northeast Afghanistan. | | mir | Bannu Pashto | in the North of Pakistan | | mihr | New Persian (Farsi) | Iran, Afganistan, Tajikistan | | tafukt; tafuљt; tafuyt | Tamazight | Spoken in Morocco, Algeria | | tafukt; ittij | Kabyle (or Kabylian) language | Kabyle is a Berber language spoken in Kabylie, a region of Algeria. There are about 5 million speakers in Algeria, and a total of 7 million speakers worldwide. | | tafuk, tafukt, iafukt | Berber | That is a family of similar or closely related languages and dialects indigenous to North Africa. | | tafuk | Tamahaq Tahaggart | Tamahaq (Tahaggart Tamahaq, Tamahaq Tahaggart) is the only known Northern Tuareg language, spoken in Algeria, western Libya and Northern Niger. | | t3f7uk | Tamajeq Tayart Air | It is spoken by the Tuareg people inhabiting the Air Mountains, in the Agadez Region of Niger. | | tafut | Awjila | (Awjilah, Aoudjila; self-name: tawjilit) is one of berber languages in estern Libya. | | tafuyt | Tamazight Central Atlas Ayt Izdeg | The language in central part of Marocco | | 8afuS8 | Tamazight Central Atlas Ayt Ndhir | The language in central part of Marocco | | tafukt | Tamazight Central Atlas Ntifa | The language in central part of Marocco | | tafukt | Tashelhit Ida Usemlal | Berber language in Southern Morocco | | tafuct | Ghomara | The Ghomara language is a Northern Berber language spoken in Morocco. | | tafukt | Foqaha | the language in central region of Libya | | tfukt | Siwa Berber | The Siwi language (also known as Siwan or Siwa Berber, selfname: Jlan n Isiwan) is the easternmost Berber language, spoken in Egypt by an estimated 15,000 to 20,000[8] people in the oases of Siwa and Gara, near the Libyan border. | | tfuyt | Figuig | East of Morocco (Nothern Africa) | | tfuyt | Tumzabt | Tumzabt is a Berber language spoken by the Mozabites, an Ibadi group inhabiting the seven cities of the M'zab in the Northern Sahara. | | tfit | Ouargla Berber | Ouargli, or Teggargrent is a Zenati Berber language. It is spoken in the oases of Ouargla and N'Goussa (Ingusa) in Algeria. | | tfit | Wargla | The language is spoken in scattered oases of Algeria and Morocco | | t37f3kt (t37fukt) | Zenaga | South-West Mavritania | | tawf3k | Tetserret | Tetserret (Tin Sert) is a Tuareg Berber language spoken by the Ait-Awari and Kel Eghlal Tuareg tribes of the Akoubounou (Akabinu) commune in Niger. | | 8fuyc8(8fuS8) | Tarifit | Tarifit is a Northern Berber language of the Zenati subgroup, spoken mainly in the Moroccan Rif by about 2,5 million people. | | 8afuS8 | Senhayi | Northern Africa | | 8afuT8 | Senhaja De Srair | Senhaja de Srair ('Senhaja of Srair') is a Northern Berber language. It is spoken by the Sanhaja Berbers inhabiting the Southern part of the Moroccan Rif. | | 8fui8 | Chenoua | Algeria, the Mediterranean coast | | 8fuS8 | Metmata | Southern Tunis (Northern Africa) | | 8fuy8 | Beni Snous Western Algerian Berber | spoken near Tlemcen in Algeria | | tfust | Tarifiyt Berber | That is a family of similar or closely related languages and dialects indigenous to North Africa. | | tufut | Jebel Nefusa | Lybia | | tufut | Jerba | the language of the Djerba (Jerba, Jarbah) people in the largest island of North Africa, located in the Gulf of Gabes. ?? | | ufut | Nafusi | Nafusi (also spelt Nefusi; Tanfusit) is a Berber language spoken in the Nafusa Mountains, a large area in Northwestern Libya. | | ufura | Mboi | Mboi (Mboire, Mboyi) is an Adamawa language of Nigeria. | | nje:f | Serer | (Senegal - Gambia), Africa | | Ch~i Ch~i | Nggwahyi | Nggwahyi (Ngwaxi, Ngwohi) is a minor Chadic language of Nigeria. | | gbe | Abidji | Kwa family: Agneby group (Ivory Coast) | | Nzui | Ejagham | Benue-Congo family: Ekajuk group (Nigeria) | | nzol | Nkem | Benue-Congo family: Ekajuk group (Nigeria) | | nzol | Abanyom | Benue-Congo family: Ekajuk group (Nigeria) | | nzol | Nnam | Benue-Congo family: Ekajuk group (Nigeria) | | nzon | Nde | Benue-Congo family: Ekajuk group (Nigeria) | | nzul | Nsell | Benue-Congo family: Ekajuk group (Nigeria) | | nzul | Nkum | Benue-Congo family: Ekajuk group (Nigeria) | | nzul | Ekajuk | Benue-Congo family: Ekajuk group (Nigeria) | | nzun | Efutop | Benue-Congo family: Ekajuk group (Nigeria) | | nzun | Nta | Benue-Congo family: Ekajuk group (Nigeria) | | enen (approx.) | Mwetug Akoose | Benue-Congo family: Bantu-A group | | ene (approx.) | Elung Akoose | Benue-Congo family: Bantu-A group | | mpaso | Nilamba | Benue-Congo family: Bantu-F group | | mutena | Nkoya | Benue-Congo family: Bantu-L group | | teni; tena | Sonde Kyaanza | The South-West of the Democratic Republic of the Congo | | ana, tena, taNwa | Lunda | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | TeN | Kuman Uganda | Uganda | | tEn | Okobo | Okobo is a Lower Cross River language of Nigeria. | | ten | Ruund | Ruund (Ruwund), also known as Northern Lunda or Uruund, is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Angola. | | laga | Phuti | Phuthi (Siphuthi) is a Nguni Bantu language spoken in Southern Lesotho and areas in South Africa | | lana; mairowa | Gibanawa | at the Northern Nigeria | | laNa | Hlubi | South Africa (Maputu) | | laNa | Zulu Nkandla | The South Africa | | laNg~a (langa) | Northern Ndebele | Northern Ndebele, also called isiNdebele, Sindebele, Zimbabwean Ndebele or North Ndebele, and formerly known as Matabele, is an African language belonging to the Nguni group of Bantu languages, spoken by the Northern Ndebele people, or Matabele, of Zimbabwe. | | laNg~a (raNg~a) | Ngoni | one of several languages of the Ngoni people, who descend from the Nguni people of Southern Africa, and the language is a member of the Nguni subgroup, with the variety spoken in Malawi sometimes referred to as a dialect of Zulu. | | laNg~a | Southern Ndebele | Southern Ndebele, also known as Transvaal Ndebele, isiNdebele, Ndebele, is an African language belonging to the Nguni group of Bantu languages, spoken by the Ndebele people of South Africa. | | laNg~a | Thembu | South Africa (?) | | laNg~a | Zimbabwe Ndebele | Zimbabwe | | langa | Ngoni Malawi | a Bantu language of Malawi | | langa | Swati | The Swazi or Swati language (Swazi: siSwati [siswat'i]) is a Bantu language of the Nguni group spoken in Swaziland and South Africa by the Swazi people. | | ilanga | Xhosa | Benue-Congo family: Bantu-S group | | ca: (za)(jah); cha | Hoan | Peripheral-Khoisan family (Botsvana). | | !x'oin | |Xam | Peripheral-Khoisan family: (Africa) | | !'oe | ||Ng!ke | Peripheral-Khoisan family: (Africa) | | !'ui | Khomani | Peripheral-Khoisan family: (Africa) | | !'ui | N|uu | Peripheral-Khoisan family: (Africa) | | !umi | ||Xegwi | Peripheral-Khoisan family: (Africa) | | le (len); !koi | |'Auni | Peripheral-Khoisan family: (Africa. Southwestern Botswana) | | !'i | |Haasi | Peripheral-Khoisan family: (Africa) | | !'an | !Xoong | Peripheral-Khoisan family: Тaa group (Africa) | | !'an | Kakia | Peripheral-Khoisan family: Тaa group (Botswana) | | !on | Masarwa Kakia | Peripheral-Khoisan family: Тaa group (Botswana) | | !'an (ll'e:) | N|u||en | Peripheral-Khoisan family: Тaa group (Africa) | | !am | Cape Khoekhoe | Central Khoisan family: Kalahari-Khoisan group. Almost dead language in South-Western SAR (about 100 people). | | !am (?) | Zhu'hoan | the language in north-eastern Namibia. Ju|'hoan is generally considered to be a variety of the !Xun [knw] language. (Africa) Ju/'hoan, Agau, Kung-Tsumkwe, Xu, Xun, Kung, !Xo, Zhu'oasi, Dzu'oasi, Tsumkwe, Dobe Kung, Xaixai, Zhu|hoasi, Ju/'hoansi | | !a:m | Grootfontein ! Kung | Peripheral-Khoisan family: Nothern Khoisan group. Northern Namibia, in Grootfontein district | | !kom | ! Kung | Peripheral-Khoisan family: Nothern Khoisan group (Namibia) Not to be confused with Kung language (Cameroon) | | !kom | !O! Kung | Peripheral-Khoisan family: Nothern Khoisan group (Southern Angola) | | !am | Kxauen | Peripheral-Khoisan family: Nothern Khoisan group (southwestern Africa) | | !Em | Kxoe language | Central Khoisan family: Kalahari-Khoisan group (7000 speakers) (southeastern Angola) | | !am | ||Ani-Buga language | Central Khoisan family: Kalahari-Khoisan group. (4000 speakers in northwestern Botswana) | | !am | Naro language | Central Khoisan family: Kalahari-Khoisan group(western Botswana) | | !am | ||Gana-|Gui language | Central Khoisan family: Kalahari-Khoisan group. (4500 speakers in southwestern Africa) | | !am | #Haba | Central Khoisan family: Kalahari-Khoisan group (southwestern Africa) | | !am; kobo | Cara | Central Khoisan family: Kalahari-Khoisan group (southwestern Africa) | | !am | |Xaise | Central Khoisan family: Kalahari-Khoisan group (southwestern Africa) | | !am | Ts'ixa | Central Khoisan family: Kalahari-Khoisan group (southwestern Africa) | | !am | Shua | a.k.a. Danisi. Central Khoisan family: Kalahari-Khoisan group. (2000 speakers) Botswana | | !am | Hiechware | Tsoa or Tshwa, also known as Kua and Hiechware. Botswana and Zimbabwe (9300 speakers). Central Khoisan family: Kalahari-Khoisan group | | k'obo | Deti | Central Khoisan family: Kalahari-Khoisan group (Africa) | | gao | Ekoka ! Xung | Peripheral-Khoisan family: Nothern Khoisan group | | !'akasu | Sandawe | Sandawe family: Sandawe group. The Dadoma privince, Tanzania. Africa | | iso-wa-ko (iSo) | Hadza | Northern Tanzania. | | swe:ri | Jalaa | (autonym: basaren da jalaabe) also known as Centum or Cen Tuum, is an extinct language of northeastern Nigeria | | asis; koita | Nandi | a Nilotic language also known as Cemual (Western Kenya) | | asista | Kipsigis | a Nilo-Saharan language spoken in Kenya by the Kipsigis tribe (470,000 people). It's a dialect of Kalenjin, along with Nandi and Keiyo. | | aca | Oropom | (Oworopom) is an African language almost certainly extinct. The language was purportedly once spoken by the Oropom people in northeastern Uganda and northwestern Kenya. | | ukat | isiXhosa | (Xhosa) The Xhosa language is one of the official languages of South Africa. | | ayya | Krongo | Kadugli; Kadugli; South Sudan, Africa | | aya | Kurondi | Southern Sudan | | aya | Keiga | Kadugli; Kadugli; South Sudan, Africa | | i:ya | Tumtum | Kadugli; Kadugli; South Sudan, Africa | | ndana:ya (n8~anaya) | Katcha | Kadugli; Kadugli; South Sudan, Africa | | andanaya | Tumma | Kadugli; Kadugli; South Sudan, Africa | | ndalaya | Kanga | Kadugli; Kadugli; South Sudan, Africa | | ndalaya | Miri: (Hill) | Kadugli; Kadugli; South Sudan, Africa | | ndalaya (in8~alaya) | Miri | Kadugli–Krongo family: Kadugli–Krongo group; Sudan | | in8~ilaia | Chiroro | Sudan (Africa) | | indinaya | Kadugli | Kadugli; Kadugli; South Sudan, Africa | | indi | Serena | Ecuador (Africa) | | ten; ea | Tulishi | Kadugli; Kadugli; South Sudan, Africa | | tenea | Tulishi | the language in southern Sudan. Kadugli–Krongo family: Kadugli–Krongo group | | tigimy~a7 | Tulishi | Tulishi (Kuntulishi, Thulishi, Tulesh) is a Kadu language spoken in Kordofan. | | mbang | Sara | The Sara languages comprise over a dozen Bongo–Bagirmi languages spoken mainly in Southern Chad; a few are also spoken in the North of the Central African Republic. They are members of the Central Sudanic language family. | | babar (\*) | Sumerian | the territory of modern Iraq | | Cy~el3; Cel3 (teli; celi) | Selkup | Selkup language is the language of the Selkups, belonging to the Samoyedic group of the Uralic language family. It is spoken by some 1500 people in the region between the Ob and Yenisei Rivers (in Siberia, Russia). | | tirkэtir; terki | Chukchi | Chukchi is a Paleosiberian language spoken by Chukchi people in the Eastenmost extremity of Siberia, mainly in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Chukchi-Koryak branch of Chukchi-Kamchatka family. | | tijkэtij | Koryak (or Nymylan) | the language of Koryaks, the main population of inhabitants of Koryak national county (RF). | | titke-tit | Alutor | Alutor is a language of Russian Federation that belongs to the Chukchi-Koryak group of Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages. Unwritten. | | tijkэtij | Chawchuven | Northeast of Siberia | | titk-э-n | Palana | Northeast of Siberia | | titkэp | Karagin | Northeast of Siberia | | ketipin | Pohnpeian | the State of Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia. | | ee [i:] | Ketic (Ket) | (Yenisei Ostyak) is a Siberian language long thought to be an isolate, the sole surviving language of an Yeniseian language family. It is spoken along the Yenisei basin by the Ket people. | | hi (pronounced [hee]), taiyou, ohisama | Japan | Altai language family. People in western area of Japan often use 'ohisan'. | | ohisan | Kyokotoba | Kyo-kotoba, a dialect of Japanese spoken in Kyoto. | | ohisEmE | Tokyo Japanese | Japan | | ti'up | Proto-Ainu | Ainu languages are a small language family originally spoken on the Northern Japanese island of Hokkaido | | tida | Shimayumita | The Kikai language (Shimayumita) is spoken on Kikai Island (southwestern Japan). | | tida | Myaakufutsu | the language spoken in the Miyako Islands, located southwest of Okinawa. | | tida | Tarama-Minna hogen | Language spoken in the Miyako Islands (Japan). | | tida\* (tidan) | Sani Amami | The language is spoken in the Amami Islands (Japan) | | tida | Shuri | Okinawan language (Japan) | | teNdo | Takarajima Japanese | the island language in the Southern Japan | | tida | Taketomi Yaeyama | the Yaeyama Islands, the Southernmost inhabited island group in Japan | | tida | Nishihara Miyako | Miyako dialect is spoken at the Miyako islands, located southwest of Okinawa (Nishihara district). | | tida | Miyako | Southern islands of Japan | | tida | Fukusato Miyako | the island of the southern Japanese ridge (to the North of Taiwan) | | tida | Kuninaka Miyako | Southern islands of Japan | | tida; tidaganas3 | Tokuwase | the language on one of the Southern islands of Japan | | tida | Yaeyama | The Yaeyama language is a Southern Ryukyuan language spoken in the Yaeyama Islands, the Southernmost inhabited island group in Japan | | tida | Uehara Yaeyama | Southernmost island group in Japan | | tida | Kabira Yaeyama | Southernmost island group in Japan | | tida | Kuroshima Yaeyama | Southernmost island group in Japan | | tida | Yonamine | Japan | | tida | Yoron | The Yoron language is a dialect continuum spoken on Yoronjima in Kagoshima Prefecture, southwestern Japan. | | tida | Kamikatetsu Kikai | Southern islands of Japan | | tida | Izena Kunigami | Japan | | tida, Cida | Komi Yaeyama | Japan, Isigaki Island (near Taiwan) | | Cind~a | Kohama Yaeyama | Japan, Isigaki Island (near Taiwan) | | tira | Yamazato Okinawan | Japan | | tira | Higa Okinawan | Japan (Southern islands) | | tira | Naha | one of the southern islands of Japan | | tidaN | Yonaguni | The Yonaguni language is a Southern Ryukyuan language spoken by around 400 people on the island of Yonaguni, in the Ryukyu Islands, the westernmost of the chain lying just east of Taiwan. | | hidoN | Ei Japanese | at Southern part of Kusu island (Japan) | | hidaw | Toda Taroko | Taroko is a language of Taiwan. | | hidaw | Truku Taroko | Taiwan | | hido | Paran Taroko | Taiwan | | hidaw | Hecuo Taroko | Taiwan | | kadaw | Pilam Puyuma | The Puyuma language, or Pinuyumayan, is the language of the Puyuma, an indigenous people of Taiwan | | degow | Manide | Philippines | | qadaw | Tjubar Paiwan | Paiwan is a native language of Taiwan, spoken by the Paiwan, a Taiwanese indigenous people. | | qadaw | Butanglu Paiwan | southern part of Taiwan island | | adaw | Stimul Paiwan | a native language of Taiwan, spoken by the Paiwan people, one tribe of the Taiwanese aborigines | | odow (3dd3w) | Molbog | Philippines | | igaw | Yogad | Yogad is an Austronesian language spoken primarily in Echague, Isabela and other nearby towns in the province in Northern Philippines. | | ri; taiyang (astronom.); ritou | Chinese | The main representative of Sino-Tibetan language family. This is the oldest written language in the world | | taiyang | Gon ua | One of the major divisions of the Chinese language spoken in Jiangxi province | | taiyang | Mandarin (Mandarian) | northern and southwestern China | | thE iaN; lo ier ier | Mandarin Liaocheng | eastern China | | tou; von | Jiamao | Jiamao (or Kamau) is a divergent Hlai language spoken in Southern Hainan (island), China. | | aesng ta ven | Lao | (laotian) Thai language family | | um tou | Jiao-Liao | Jiaoliao or Jiao-Liao Mandarin is a primary dialect of Mandarin Chinese, spoken on the Shandong Peninsula. | | taNon; ky~aNNon | Hawyiengz Zhuang | Southern China | | ky~aNNon | Wuming Yongbei Zhuang | The Southern China | | kyaNNon | Wuming Zhuang | The Southern China, Wuming County | | taunan | Yerong | Yerong is a language of China. It is spoken in West Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Baise prefecture, Napo county, on the Yunnan Province and Viet Nam border; Longhe district, Rongtun and Gonghe villages; Pohe district, Shanhe, Yong'an and Guoba. | | tauNk~au | Numao Bunu | The south of China. | | tauw3n | Northern Dong Tianzhu Shidong | China | | tauwan | Lakkia (Lakkja) | Tai-Kadai language spoken in Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County, Laibin, east-central Guangxi, Southern China. | | tawan, tabwan (coloqual); phra-aathit (high language) | Thai | Thai (Siamese) is the official language of Tailand. Tai is a member of the Tai group of the Tai-Kadai language family. Over half of the words in Thai are borrowed from Pali, Sanskrit and Old Khmer. Spoken Thai is mutually intelligible with Laotian. | | tawan; ph~a atit | Tai Khuen | Khun, or Tai Khun, is the language of the Tai Khun people of Kengtung, Shan state, Myanmar. | | tawan | Khorat Thai | Thailand | | tawan | Lampang Thai | Thailand | | tavan | Jinghong Tai Lue | China | | tavan | Yuanyang Tai | The South of China (near the Vietnam border) | | tavan | Langjia Buyang | Southern China | | t3van (nd~avan) | Sandong Sui | a Tai-Kadai language spoken by the Sui people of Guizhou province in China | | nd~avan | Sui | The Sui language is a Tai-Kadai language spoken by the Sui people of Guizhou province in China. | | ta maan | Dong Southern | Southern Guizhou, China (Rongjiang-Zhanglu dialect; Kam-Sui language) | | ta van | Lu | China ? | | ta.1' van.2 | Yuanxin Hongjin Dai | Tai Hongjin is a Tai language of Southern China. | | ta.7 wan.2 | Khun | Khun, or Tai Khun, is the language of the Tai Khun people of Kengtung, Shan state, Myanmar. It is a Tai language, closely related to Thai and Lao. It is also spoken in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand, and Yunnan Province, China. | | ta vin | Yang | Yang Zhuang is a Tai language spoken in southwestern Guangxi, China, in Napo, Jingxi and Debao counties. (?) | | vai | Tanan Rukai | Rukai is a Formosan language spoken by the Rukai people in Taiwan. The Austronesian language family. The Rukai language comprises six dialects, which are Budai, Labuan, Maga, Mantauran, Tanan, and Tona. | | wh~3n | Qabiao | Qabiao or sometimes Laqua is a Tai-Kadai language spoken by the Qabiao people in Northern Vietnam and Yunnan, China. Alternative names for Qabiao include Kabeo, Ka Beo, Ka Bao, Ka Biao, Pubiao (Pupeo or Pu Peo) and Pen Ti Lolo (Bendi Lolo). | | dav3n | Dongying Lingao | a language spoken at the Chinese Hainan island | | dav3n | Ong Be | the North-central coast of Hainan Island, including the suburbs of the provincial capital Haikou (China) | | davan | Ai-Cham | is a language spoken mainly in Diwo and Boyao Townships, Jialiang District, Libo County, Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou, China. Alternative names for the language are Jiamuhua, Jinhua and Atsam. | | davan | Taiyang Ai Cham | South-East of China | | davan | Fangcun Mak | The Southern China | | davan | Laliu Mak | The Southern China | | davan | Mak | The Mak language is a Kam-Sui language spoken in Libo County, Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou, China. | | dawan | Shuiqing Sui | The Sui language is a Tai-Kadai language spoken by the Sui people of Guizhou province in China. | | havan | Longzhou Zhuang | China | | havan | Zhuang Northern | Guizhou (China) | | havEn | Yuanjiang Tai | in southern China (near to Vietnam border) | | ch~ahw~an | Li Baoding | Taiwan | | ch~avan | Li Tongshi | China | | ch~3Nhi | Naga Mao | Northeastern India. | | ch~a 5u | Naga Chang | Chang (Changyanguh), or Mochungrr, is a Naga language of Northeastern India. | | ih~ekh~a | Naga Rengma | in Northeastern India. | | tavin | Jinping Tai | China, on the border with Vietnam | | tavon | Menglian Tai | in southern China | | taNNon; dandat | Wangmo Bouyei | China | | taNNon | Zhoucheng Bai | China | | taNNen | Tai Daeng | the language of the Tai Daeng people of Northwestern Vietnam and across the border into Northeastern Laos. | | taNoa | Nong Duu Mon | Thailand | | Ta5u | Phom | a Sino-Tibetan language spoken by the Phom people of Nagaland state in the northeastern India. | | taNay | Cheng | Cheng (also known as Jeng, Chieng) is a Mon-Khmer language of Southern Laos. | | taNay | Oi | Oi is a Mon–Khmer dialect cluster of Attapeu Province in Southern Laos. | | t3 m3v | Karen Yintale | Sino-Tibetan language family: Karenic group | | T3lNe (C3lNe) | Ksinmul | Northern Vietnam | | t3Nay | Jruq | a Mon-Khmer language of the Bahnaric branch spoken in Southern Laos. | | t3Nay | Jru | Cambodia | | t3Nay | Lave | Cambodia and Laos | | t3Nay | Sapuan | Sapuan is a Mon–Khmer language spoken in the single village of Ban Sapuan, located approximately 40 km North of Attapeu (Laos). | | t3Nay | Brao | Vietnam | | t3Nay | Loven | Laos | | taman | Kam Zhanglu | Kam-Tai; Tai-Kadai; southeastern China. | | taman | Zhanglu Dong | Kam-Tai; Tai-Kadai; southeastern China. | | tamik | Naga Thangal | Northeastern India. | | tamyat | Panakhil | Pangkhua (Pangkhu), or Paang, is a Kukish language primarily spoken in Bangladesh. | | t3Ne7; t3Ni; th~3Ni; hni | Pear | Pear is a moribund Mon-Khmer language of Cambodia. | | t3mo | Kayah | Sino-Tibetan language family: Karenic group | | t3t; th~3ufan | Dongmen Mulam | one of the Mulam dialects (Southern China and Northern Vietnam) | | si Nai | Palaung | Palaung, or in Chinese De'ang, is a Mon–Khmer dialect cluster spoken by over half a million people in Burma (Shan State) and neighboring countries. | | ak ToN | Mlabri | Thailand | | naw-chi | Duogu Tujia | Duogu Tujia is a Tibeto-Burman language, spoken in south-central China. | | amux3 | Nanjiang | Nanjiang County is a county of Sichuan Province, China. | | anx3; antsha; mux3 | Lalo | Southern China | | dzei te ze kua; me ni | Xuecheng ??? | China | | punh~oi | Yao | One of the main languages spoken by the Yao people in China, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand | | py~einoi | Hainan Kim Mun | the Hainan island (China) | | pu37 | Nyeu | Vietnam, Thailand | | pa Ni | Mok | Northern Thailand | | pis | Toda | Toda is a Dravidian language noted for its many fricatives and trills. It is spoken by the Toda people, a population of about one thousand who live in the Nilgiri Hills of Southern India. | | plaN | Dakpakha | Butan (between India and China) | | sacuk | Lepcha | Lepcha language, or Rуng language is a Himalayish language spoken by the Lepcha people in Sikkim and parts of West Bengal, Nepal and Bhutan. | | s3Ne7 | Lawa La Up | Thailand | | sh~3Ni7 | Riang Black Striped | Myanmar (Burma) | | sh~oNyi7 | Riang White Striped | Riang is a Mon-Khmer language of Burma and China | | Nay saNi | U | The U language, or P'uman, is spoken by 40,000 people in the Yunnan province of China. | | NayNe | Khang | Khang, also known as Mang U’, is an Austroasiatic language of Vietnam. | | Nawray; nayan\*\* | Yaygir | Pama-Nyungan; Australian Eastern seashore. | | shingi\*\* | Krishnupur Koda | Koda is an endangered Munda language of India and Bangladesh | | tshandu\*\* | Kundang Koda | India and Bangladesh | | sumT; th~akur | Magahi | Eastern India | | tiNgai miak | Naga Mzieme | Northeastern India. | | zi mik | Naga Tangkhul | Kuki-Chin; Sino-Tibetan; Asia. (Northeastern India) | | zi.243 hon.13 (zihon) | Cun | Cun is a Hlai language of Hainan Island. China. | | zi7; zihao | Hainan Minnan Chinese | Hainan Island (China) | | tini | Manange | Nepal (Tamangic language). Bodic; Sino-Tibetan; Asia | | tiwaz | Luwian | Luwian; sometimes spelled Luvian, rarely Luish) is an ancient language or group of languages of the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family. The culmination of Luwian language development took place in the 13 - 12th centuries B.C., when most of inscriptions were written. Anatolia, Northern Syria | | tiZi | Kirmanjki | Turkey | | toNkulu | Onge | The Onge language is one of two known Ongan languages within the Andaman family. It is spoken by the Onge people in Little Andaman Island in India. | | too | Domaaki | Domaaki, also known as Dumaki or Domaa, is a Dardic language spoken by a few hundred people living in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. | | txiya\* | Gurung Western | Nepal | | uni | Thangmi | Thangmi, also called Thami, Thangmi Kham, Thangmi Wakhe, and Thani, is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in central-eastern Nepal and Northeastern India by the Thami people. | | uyuN; goyuNan | Sora | Sora is an Austroasiatic language of the Sora people, an ethnic group of eastern India, mainly in the states of Odisha and Andhra Pradesh. | | xiug | Shom Peng | Shompen (Shom Peng) is a language, or languages, spoken on Great Nicobar Island in the Indian union territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Indian Ocean south of Burma. | | yheko (yhekha) | Naga Southern Rengma | Northeastern India. | | yi\*ph~i\*; 5iph~i\* | Jianchuan Bai | South-eastern China | | yi\*ph~i\* | Heqing Bai | Southern China | | Yihobu | Nuosu | China | | yom; k3yom | Jiarong | China, the central region | | k3yom; yom | Japhug Rgyalrong | China ??? | | yum | Shehri | Shehri, also known as Jibbali, is a Modern South Arabian language. It is spoken by a small native population inhabiting the coastal towns and the mountains and wilderness areas upland from Salalah, located in the Dhofar Governorate in southwestern Oman. | | єmpumetshwe | Tanka | (Alternative namees: boat people, Dan, Danjia, Tan). The Tankas or boat people are an ethnic subgroup in Southern China who have traditionally lived on junks in coastal parts of Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hainan, and Zhejiang, as well as Hong Kong and Macau. | | roNSar | Moshang | at Nothern-Eastern India | | mo ni si | Phunoi | Phunoi (Sinsali) is a Loloish language of Northern Laos. | | tX~atX~ (tat) | Domari | language of Gypsies in Israel | | yeLoje | Kolyma Yukagir | at Nothern-Eastern Siberia | | intafo | Kumzari | United Arab Emirates | | Zoth~u; th~Eyon | Dungan | Kyrgyzstan (in the Bishkek region) | | th~Eyo | Kunming Mandarin | Southern China | | Astan | Hittite language † | also known as Nesite and Neshite, is an Indo-European-language that was spoken by the Hittites, a people of Bronze Age Anatolia who created an empire, centred on Hattusa, as well as parts of the northern Levant and Upper Mesopotamia. | | i | Yugh | a Yeniseian language family | | i | Yugh Recent | Yugh (Yug) is a Yeniseian language, closely related to Ket, formerly spoken by the Yugh people, one of the Southern groups along the Yenisei River in central Siberia. | | sujjo | Prakrit | The territory of ancient India | | sija; suuraja; shamsa | Sindhi | Official Language of the Sindh Province, Pakistan. One of the 22 official languages of India. | | soi | Bofi | Bofi (Boffi) is a Gbaya language spoken in Boda and Bimbo subprefectures in southwestern Central African Republic. | | sNoi (siNoi) | Deang | Myanmar (South-East Asia) | | siNai7 (SiNoi7) | Wa | Wa (Va) is the language of the Wa people of Burma and China. | | siNai7 | Banhong Wa | at the south-western China | | siNE7 | Dazhai Wa | South-East China | | siNe7 | Yancheng Wa | Northeastern Jiangsu province, China | | siNEi7 | Masan Wa | Myanmar (on Chinese border) | | siNEi7 | Zhongke Wa | the language of the Wa people of Burma and China | | siNi | Turi | Turi is an endangered Munda language of India that is closely related to Santali. | | sino | Nias | The Nias language is an Austronesian language spoken on Nias Island and the Batu Islands off the west coast of Sumatra in Indonesia. | | siEn | Guwot | Duwet, also known as Guwot or Waing, is an aberrant member of the Busu subgroup of Lower Markham languages in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. | | sinoL; sobw~aLu | Misima-Paneati | Misima-Panaeati, also called Misiman, is an indigenous Austronesian language spoken on the islands of Misima, Panaieti, and the islands of the eastern half of the Calvados Chain of Papua New Guinea. | | sir | Kalkoti | Northern Pakistan | | siri; aftab | Kashmiri | Northern India | | sNey | Lyngngam | North-East India (the Meghalaya state) | | sNey | Rumai | (or Palaung) is a Mon–Khmer language, or actually a dialect cluster, spoken by over half a million people in Burma | | sngi | Khasi | Khasi is an Austroasiatic language spoken primarily in Meghalaya state in India by the Khasi people. | | sNi | Pnar Jowai | Pnar is an Austroasiatic language spoken in India and Bangladesh. | | siŋ'gi | Ghatshila Ho | Munda; Austro-Asiatic; Asia (India) | | 'siŋgi | Ma’lidu Ho | Munda; Austro-Asiatic; Asia | | siŋ'gi | Ghoraduba Ho | Munda; Austro-Asiatic; Asia | | singi | Ho | Ho is a Munda language of the Austroasiatic language family spoken primarily in India | | siNgi | Mundari | India | | siŋ'gi | Ghatshila Ho | (also spelt as Ghatsila) is a census town in Purbi Singhbhum district in the state of Jharkhand, India and it is a subdivisional of East singhbhum district. | | 'siŋgi | Ma’lidu Ho | India | | siŋ | Gutob | Munda; Austro-Asiatic; Asia | | sin cando | Santali | Santali is a language in the Munda subfamily of Austroasiatic languages, related to Ho and Mundari. It is spoken by around 6.2 million people in India, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Nepal, although most of its speakers live in India. | | Sina | Hateruma Yaeyama | a language at an island to the East of Taiwan (China) | | can | Singpho | Singpho is a dialect of the Jingpho language spoken by the Singpho people of Arunachal Pradesh and Assam. | | cando | Abirpara Mahali | The East India | | cando | Matindor Mahali | The East India | | cando | Pachondor Mahali | The East India | | cando | Paharpur Santali | India | | cando | Patichora Santali | India | | cando | Rashidpur Santali | India | | cando | Rautnagar Santali | India | | candu | Rajarampur Santali | India | | Candu | Bodobelghoria Santali | Estern part of India | | Candu | Koda | India, the West Bengal state | | Cando | Jabri Santali | India | | c3hNi | Naga Ao | The Aos are one of the major Naga tribes of Nagaland, Northeast India. | | C3Ni | Bit | Bit (Khabit, Bid, Psing, Buxing) is an Austroasiatic language spoken by around 1,500 people in Phongsaly Province, Northern Laos and in Mengla County, China. | | CuNE | War Jaintia | War Jaintia (also spelled Waar), War-Jaintia or Amwi is an Austroasiatic language spoken by about 16,000 people in Bangladesh and 26,000 people in India. | | Ca; Canyu | Chang | the North-East India (Nagaland state) | | cikin hy~e | Naga Sumi | Northeastern India. | | cikth~au | Chaoyang Chinese | South-eastern China, seashore area of South-Chinese sea | | citth~au | Dongshan Chinese | language at the Southwestern China, at the seashore of the South-China sea | | th~3ufan | Luocheng Mulao | one of the Mulam dialects (Southern China and Northern Vietnam) | | k3z3; th~3ufan | Mulao | one of the Gelao languages spoken by the Gelao people in Southern China and Northern Vietnam. | | k3z3 | Mulao Kadai | China | | k3 ri | Sulung | The Sulung language, also called Puroik, is a language spoken by the Puroik people of Arunachal Pradesh in India and of Lhunze County, Tibet, in China. | | k3ri (k3rri) | Puroik | The Puroik language, also called Sulung, is a language spoken by the Puroik people of Arunachal Pradesh in India and of Lhunze County, Tibet, in China. | | harei (\*) | Cham | Spoken in Vietnam. Malayo-Sumbawan; Austronesian; Asia | | aia harei | Phan Rang Cham | Phan Rang Cham (or, Eastern Cham) is a Chamic language spoken in Southern Vietnam | | ea hr~ay | Western Cham | Cham, Western is a language of Cambodia (Asia) | | hafei; harei; hari | Kaure | Kaure; Kaure; Asia | | ha\*y | Nyah Kur (Tha Pong) | Monic; Austro-Asiatic; Asia | | hnub | Hmong/Mong | a dialect continuum of the West Hmongic branch of the Miao languages, sometimes known as the Chuanqiandian Cluster, which is spoken by the Hmong people of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Northern Vietnam, Thailand, and Laos. | | hxo bbu | Nuosu Yi | Nuosu Yi (Sichuan Yi, Nuosu, Northern Yi) is mainly spoken in Sichuan and Yunnan Province, China. | | haul (pronounced 'heil') | Welsh | (also Wales language or Cymraeg language) used in Wales (western part of Britain) | | heol | Breton | one of the six extant Celtic languages (the others being Cornish, Welsh, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Manx). Breton is spoken in Brittany in northwestern France. | | howl (hawl) | Kernowek † | (Cornish) is a Southwestern Brittonic Celtic language in south-west England. | | kolo | Hyperborea | one of the early name of the sun (The Kola Peninsula) | | yuneg | Kinnauri (Kanauri) | the Tibetic language in the Northern India (Himalayas) | | oyon | Savara | Savara language may refer to either of two languages spoken by some aboriginal tribal peoples in eastern India | | hanayaN | Bugun | Bugun (or Khowa), is a small Sino-Tibetan language spoken in India. | | th~ini | Chantyal | Bodic; Sino-Tibetan; Asia | | tihya | Tamu Kyi | (Gurung) Sino-Tibetan language | | tihya | Ghachok | Nepal | | tiyaz | Palaic | dead Middle Eastern language at the territiry of modern Turkey (Anatolian brench of Indo-Europian languages). | | tha | Proto Galian | (ancient Gallia) | | тыге | Shapsug | The Shapsug is one of the western dialects of Adyghe language, also known es Circassian, which belongs to the Caucasian language family, spoken in the Northwest Caucasus | | t3X3 | Adyghe | North-west Caucasus | | d3X3 | Kabardian | Northwest Caucasian; Northwest Caucasian; Eurasia | | дыгъэ | Kabardian-Circassian | the language of Kabardins and Circassians (Abhaz-Adygh group of Caucasian languages). | | ndeya | Ubykh | Ubykh is an extinct Northwest Caucasian language once spoken by the Ubykh people (who originally lived along the eastern coast of the Black Sea before migrating to Turkey in the 1860s). | | ghrian | Irish | (Celtic; Indo-European; Europe) | | ghrian | Scottish | Scotland | | grian | Scottish Gaelic | Scottish Gaelic is a Celtic language, like Irish and Manx. It is spoken by less than 60,000 people in Scotland, and the number of speakers is declining despite attempts to revive the language. | | grian | Manx language | (Gaelg, Gailck)- one of the Celtic languages, spoken on Manx island (Ellan Vannin) in Irish sea. | | grian | Gaeilge | Language of Scotchmen inhabiting North (Mauntain) part of Scotland and Hebrides. | | grian | Old Irish | By the 10th century, Old Irish had evolved into Middle Irish, which was spoken throughout Ireland and in Scotland and the Isle of Man. | | an ghrian, grian | Irish-Gaelg | Irish (Gaeilge), also referred to as Gaelic or Irish Gaelic, is a Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family, originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish people. | | a'ghrian | Gaidhlig Celtic | language related Scottish | | yolt3n | Even | (formely known as Tungus language) Tungus-Manchurian branch of Altai language family | | yerpeye | Tundra Yukaghir | (Northern Yukaghir) — 30 to 150 speakers as of 1989. Paleo Siberian language in Eastern Siberia, last spoken in the tundra belt extending between the lower Indigirka to the lower Kolyma basin. Formerly spoken in a much wider area extending to the Lena basin in the west. | | jelozhe [jel'o:d'E] | Forest Yukaghir | (Southern Yukaghir) also known as Kolym, Kolyma. 10 to 50 speakers as of 1989. Paleo Siberian language in Eastern Siberia, last spoken in the forest zone near the sources of the Kolyma, divided between the Sakha Republic and the Magadan Oblast, previously in the wider area of the upper Kolyma region. | | ewia | Akan | (also known as Twi and Fante) is the principal native language of Akan lands in Ghana and southeastern Cote d'Ivoire. The language came to the Caribbean and South America, notably in Suriname spoken by the Ndyuka and in Jamaica by the Jamaican Maroons known as Coromantee, with enslaved people from the region. | | mze | Georgian | Georgia | | m3Z | Svan | The Svan language is a Kartvelian language spoken in the western Georgian region of Svaneti primarily by the Svan people. | | bza; bzora; mza; mzhora | Laz | Laz (Lazuri) is spoken by approximately 220,000 native speakers, mostly in the Black Sea littoral area of Northeast Turkey, and with some 30,000 in Adjara, Georgia. Along with Mingrelian it forms the Zan branch of the South Caucasian (Kartvelian) language family. | | bza; mza | Mingrelian | Mingrelian has about 500,000 native speakers, mainly in the Samegrelo region of Western Georgia. | | m3Z | Svan | This is one of Kartvelian languages. Spoken at the Northwest Georgia Mestia and Lentehskii districts that form the Svaneti historic region. | | mash | Meroitic | Extinct language of ancient kingdon Meroe, spoken in Nile Valley on the territory of modern Egypt and Sudan in the period of 8 century BC - 4 century AC | | mulh | Ingush | Ingush is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken by about 300,000 people, known as the Ingush, across a region covering the Russian republics of Ingushetia and Chechnya. | | mulh (malkh) | Chechen | Nakh; Nakh-Daghestanian; Eurasia | | matX | Bats | Nakh Daghestanian, Nakh | | matx | Batsbi (batsba motjiti) | North Caucasian language | | miLi | Andi | (Andiy, Qandisel, Qwannab) is a Northeast Caucasian language (Avar-Andic) (Southwest Dagestan Republic, in 9 villages of Botlikhsky district) | | miLi | Akhvakh | The Akhvakh language (also Axvax, Akhwakh) is a Northeast Caucasian language from the Avar–Andic branch. Ethnologue lists 6500 speakers. | | miLi | Southern Akhvakh | the North-east group of Caucasian languages | | miLi | Ghodoberi (Godoberi) | a Northeast Caucasian language group. Spoken in the Republic of Dagestan, Russian Federation. | | miLi | Muni | the language of the Muni village inhabitants, Botlikh region, Dagestan (RF) | | miLi | Tindi | a Northeast Caucasian language group, Dagestan | | miLi | Chamalal | a Northeast Caucasian language group (Dagestan) | | miLi | Tokitin Karata | Karata is an Andic language of the Northeast Caucasian language family spoken in Southern Dagestan, Russia by 260 Karata in 2010. It has two dialects, Karatin and Tokitin, which are quite different. | | miLi | Karata | a Northeast Caucasian language group, Dagestan | | милгь (milh) | Bagvalin | a Northeast Caucasian language group | | milh~ (miL) | Bagwalal | Dagestan (Russian Federation) | | mihi | Botlikh | Botlikh is spoken in villages of Botlikh region of Dagestan as well as on plain parts of Dagestan. A Northeast Caucasian language group (4000 speakers) | | 3nq'' | Khinalug | a Northeast Caucasian language group, Azerbaijan | | bunan | Dyirbal | (Djirubal, Jirrbal) — one of the endangered languages of the aborigines of Australia, that is spouken on the North of the Queensland State of Australia. | | bZa | Megrelian | (a.k.a. Mingrelian; Megrelian) is a Kartvelian language spoken in Western Georgia (regions of Samegrelo and Abkhazia), primarily by Mingrelians. The language was also called Iverian in the early 20th century. | | berhy | Dargwa | One of 14 official languages of the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. Also spoken in Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. | | buqX~ | Khvarshi | a Northeast Caucasian language group, Dagestan | | buqX~ | Tsez | a Northeast Caucasian language group, Dagestan | | boqX~ | Hunzib | a Northeast Caucasian language group | | buqX~ | Hinukh | a Northeast Caucasian language group (Dagestan) | | bargh | Lak | a Northeast Caucasian language group, the Southern part of Dagestan | | bergh | Udi | Udi is a member of the Lezgic branch of the Northeast Caucasian language family. | | bEX | Udi | a Northeast Caucasian language group. Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkmenistan. | | barq | Archi | Archi is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken by the Archis in the village of Archib, Southern Dagestan, Russia, and the six surrounding smaller villages. | | barghy | Dargin | The Dargin (or Dargwa) language is spoken by the Dargin people in the Russian republic Dagestan. | | barX~i | Muiri Dargi | Republic of Dagestan (Russian Federation) | | bari | Shiri | Nothern Caucasus | | bari | Amuzgi | Nothern Caucasus | | bari | Sanzhi Dargi | spoken in the central part of Daghestan in the Caucasus (Russia). | | bari | Xajdak Dargi | Dagestan (Russia) | | bar | Icari Dargi | Dagestan (Russian Federation) | | bari | Kajtak Dargi | Dagestan (Russian Federation) | | begw~ala | Kubachi Dargi | Dagestan (RF) | | be:gala | Ashti | Dagestan, RF | | bel; berh | Raute | Raute is a small Sino-Tibetan language of Dadeldhura District, Mahakali Zone, Nepal. | | bel, beil | Rohingya | Rohingya is a language spoken by the Rohingya Muslim people of Arakan (Rakhine), Burma (Myanmar). | | beli | Assamese | India language | | belɔ | Keonjhar Juang | Odisha state, eastern India. | | beir | Sadri | Sadri, also known as Nagpuri, is an Eastern Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Indian states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, Northern West Bengal, Assam and in Bangladesh. | | b3nw~ai | Changping Biao Mon | China, suburbs of Beijing. | | bugoi7 | Menggong Wa | in southern China | | nw~ai | Biaomin (Biao Chao, Byau Min, Dongshan Biao Min) | Southern China | | nw~ai | Shuanglong Mien | China | | b3 | Ca Ha Gelao | Northern Vietnam | | b3 | Pho Bang Gelao | Southern China and Northern Vietnam (need to be confirmed) | | be | Lashi | a Burmish language (China, Tibet) | | ba | Maru | Lhao Vo, also known as Maru and Langsu, is a Burmish language of Burma with a few thousand speakers in China. | | bao4; chen2; di; fu; ju; pu; ri | Xiandai Biaozhun Hanyu | Chinese standart language | | bel; siNi | Plains Remo | India | | bel | Chakma | Bangladesh | | bel | Changma Kodha | Bangladesh, India. | | bela | Mal Paharia | India | | beLo | Juang | East of India | | boq | Bezhta | a Northeast Caucasian language group. | | boq | Khoshar-Khota | Caucasus | | boq | Tiyadal | Northeast Caucasian language (RF) | | buck | Avar | Avar is a language that belongs to the Avar–Andic group of the Northeast Caucasian family. It is spoken mainly in the western and southern parts of the Russian Caucasus republic of Dagestan, and the Balaken, Zaqatala regions of North-western Azerbaijan. | | b3qX~ | Inkhokwari | Dagestan (Russian Federation) | | buqX~ | Sagadin Tsez | an Northwestern Dagestan language | | buqX~ | Mokok Tsez | Republic of Dagestan (Russian Federation) | | buqXX$ | Khwarshi | Dagestan, Russian Federation | | beaivvas | Sami | or Saami or Same, is an Uralic language spoken by the Sami people (20,000 speakers) in parts of Northern Finland, Norway, Sweden and extreme Northwestern Russia. | | peivi | Inari Saami | the language in the North of Finland | | bieyi3 | South Saami | Norway | | beaivvas (beaivi) | Lappish | North Saami language, that is spoken in Sapmi (a Region which includes Northern Finland, Norway, Sweden and Northwestern Russia). | | pjejjv | Saami (Kildin) | Saami; Uralic; Eurasia | | pieve | Lule Saami | Sweden | | peivv | Skolt Sami | Over 250 speakers in Finland. Approximately 20-30 speakers in Petsamo (Pechengsky District), Russia. | | pEvaliki | Live | Latvia | | paavaliki | Livonian | (western Latvia) | | paike | Estonian | Estonian is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia. It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family. | | paiv | Voro | part of the Finnic branch of the Finno-Ugric languages, this language is spoken by 70000 people in Estonia. | | paivaine | Karelian | Finnic; Uralic; Eurasia | | pEivEine | Veps | The Veps language (also known as Vepsian), spoken by the Vepsians (also known as Veps), belongs to the Finnic group of the Uralic languages. | | paivyt, paiva, paivanen | Finnish | | | paavan | Olonets | a dialect of Karelian language | | peive | Lapland | Lapland is the largest and Northernmost region of Finland. | | pellan | Kerek † | Kerek language belongs to Chukchi-Kamchadal family. It can be considered as one of Koryak dialects. | | nap | Hungarian | Ugric; Uralic; Europe | | nop | Csango | an old Hungarian dialect, is currently used by only a minority of the Csango population group. | | naprai | Kokota | Spoken on the Island of Santa Isabel, Solomon Islands. | | choi | Buglere | The language of native americans, Chibchan language family | | ey | Abau | Abau is a Papuan language spoken in the Sandaun Province of Papua New Guinea, primarily along the shores of the Sepik River. In 2002, there were estimated to be between 4,500 and 5,000 speakers... | | eguzkia, eguzki | Basque | (self-name: Euskara) the language of Basque people, inhabit the North part of Spain and South region of France. An isolated language. | | letsatsi | Sesotho (South Sotho) | Lesotho, language of Bantu family, Republic of South Africa, Botswana. Also in Lesotho, where it is the national language. | | letsatsi; lelaka (archaic) | Sepedi, Northern Sotho | The language of Bantu family (Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa). Spoken by over 4.2 million people in the South African provinces of Mpumalanga, Limpopo and Gauteng. | | letsatsi | Tswana | The language of Bantu group (Sotho-Tswana subgroup), spoken at the South of Africa (Botswana, SAR). | | letsatsi, ma- | Setswana | the most widely dispersed Bantu language in Southern Africa. Official Language of Republic of Botswana and Spoken in South Africa, Zimbabwe and Namibia. | | tsatsi | Tswana | Spoken in Botswana, South Africa, Zimbabwe and Namibia | | iLanga | Xhosa | one of the official languages of the South Africa. There are about 7,9 million speakers. | | ilanga | Zulu | the language is a member of the Niger-Congo languages family. The Zulu language used to be solely an oral language untill contact came from Euripean Christian missioneries in the 19th centure. 10 million people speak Zulu and most of them live in South Africa. | | li-langa | Swazi | Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa | | li | Gbayi | Central African republic | | li | Kpatili | Kpatili (Kpatere, Ngindere) is a Zande language spoken in the Central African Republic. | | ligbn | Adyukru | Adjukru (Adioukrou, Adyoukrou, Adyukru, Ajukru) is a language of uncertain classification within the Kwa branch of the Niger-Congo family. It is spoken in Cote d'Ivoire. | | liko | Lombi | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | lil3 | Bua | in southern Chad (Africa) | | limi | Nyamwezi | Nyamwezi is a major Bantu language of central Tanzania. | | limi (imi) | Sukuma | Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa | | likumbi | Luvale | Luvale (also spelt Chiluvale, Lovale, Lubale, Luena, Lwena) is a Bantu language spoken by the Lovale people of Angola and Zambia. | | riua | Kikuyu (Gikuyu) | Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa (Kenya) | | rikumbi | Kimbundu | Luanda, Bengo, Malanje, Cuanza Norte in Angola (Africa) | | kumb~i | Kiholu | (Holo, Hongu, Kiholo) border region of Angola and Congo (Africa) | | kumb~i | Nkhumbi | Nkumbi, or Khumbi, is a Bantu language of Angola | | kumb~i | Umbundu | Umbundu, or South Mbundu (autonym umbundu), one of two Bantu languages of Angola called Mbundu (see Kimbundu), is the most widely spoken language of Angola. | | kumbi | Kiholo (Holu) | This language is spoken in the Democratic Republic of Congo and in Angola. | | kumbi | Pende | Pende (Phende) is a Bantu language of the Congo. | | dib | Kanyok | Kanyok (Kanioka) is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. | | etango | Kwanyama (Oshikwanyama) | Language of Namibia | | etang~o | Mbalanhu | Alternate names: Mbaanhu, Mbalanhu, Mbalantu, Mbaluntu. Spoken in Namibia | | EtaNg~o | Kuanyama | Namibia (Africa) | | eT | Baga Maduri | Guinea (Africa) | | eT | Baga Manduri | Guinea, Africa | | eTi | Leyigha | Nigeria | | eTu | Kadaru | Northern Sudan | | etu | Lugbara | Lugbara is the language of the Lugbara people. It is spoken in the West Nile region in Northwestern Uganda | | lizazi | Lozi | Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa | | srengenge | Juvanese | is the language of the Juvanese people from the central and eastern parts of the island of Java, in Indonesia. | | srengenge | The Banyumasan language | colloquially known as Basa Ngapak, spoken on the island of Java, is usually considered a dialect of Javanese in modern language classification. | | jant; janta; naaj | Wolof | One of the official languages of Republic of Senegal. Spoken also in Gambia and neibouring countries of West Africa. | | janta; naj | Wolof Gambian | Gambia | | jant (diante) | Wolof | one of languages Atlantic group of Niger-Congo language family, one of the official languages of Senegal. | | naange; pat (?) | Fulfulde | (also known as Peul, Fula, Fulani, Pulaar or Pular). The language belongs to the West-Atlantic group of the Niger-Congo family (like Wolof). It is spoken by 13 million people in West Africa, from Senegal and Guinea to Cameroon and Sudan. | | naange nge | Pulaar | (Northern Senegal dialect) | | naange | Jelgoore | Fulfulde: Jelgoore (Western and Central Africa). | | naange | Yaagaare | dialect of Fulfulde (Western and Central Africa). | | naange | Gurmaare | dialect of Fulfulde (Western and Central Africa). | | naange | Moosiire | dialect of Fulfulde (Western and Central Africa). | | ja | Senoufo Tagwana | Cote d'Ivoire. | | janak | Kerak | Senegal | | je\*so\* | Kweso Ngulo | Cameroon | | jes | Bikele (Bekol) | Cameroon | | jE | Pomo (Africa) | South-eastern Cameroon | | ji8wa\*n; Sefya\*n | A61 Ngoro Asom | Cameroon | | jido | Konobo | Konobo, or Eastern Krahn, is a Kru language of Liberia. | | jl3 | Neyo | Neyo is a Kru language of Cote d'Ivoire, near the mouth of the Sassandra River. | | jl3; ylʊ | Kru | Niger-Congo; Africa | | jobE | Nsari | Saari, or Nsari, is an Eastern Beboid language of Cameroon. | | jolo | Basaa | Basaa (Bassa, Basa, Bissa), or Mbene, is a Bantu language spoken in Cameroon by the Basaa people. | | da; nyamla | Donga | Donga (Dong) Nigeria. | | da | Pangseng | the language in eastern regions of Nigeria. | | da | Rang | Rang is an Adamawa language of Nigeria. | | dadi | Yaka Axk | Language use in the Epena district of Northern Congo (and in southwestern CAR). | | damb~u | Ronga | Ronga (XiRonga; sometimes ShiRonga or GiRonga) is a south-eastern Bantu language in the Tswa-Ronga family spoken just south of Maputo in Mozambique. | | daNw~a | Kwese | Kwese is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of Congo. | | daXay | Ethiopic | Northern Ethiopia | | L'3hay; daXay | Gi'iz | The Ge'ez language (or Gi'iz language) is an ancient language that developed in the Ethiopian Highlands of the Horn of Africa as the language of the peasantry. | | L'3hay; s'EXay; daXay | Geez | Northern Ethiopia | | de | Cefo | Burkina Faso | | litaNwa | Mbuunda | (Chimbunda, Gimbunda, Kimbunda, Mbunda) Angola, Zambia. | | desu | Obang | a Niger-Congo language that belongs to a geographically defined group of languages in the Northwest Region of Cameroon | | det | Baga Binari | Niger-Congo; Africa | | dEC | Baga Sitemu | Southern Atlantic; Niger-Congo; Africa | | dew | Tumak | Tumak, also known as Toumak, Tumag, Tummok, Sara Toumak, Tumac, and Dije, is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the southwestern Chadian prefectures of Moyen-Chari and Koumra | | didugu7 | Nkongho | Nkongho, or Upper Mbo, is a poorly known Bantu language of Cameroon. | | dipal; lepal | Northern Bullom | The Bullom languages are a small group of Mel languages spoken in Sierra Leone. The languages are closely related to Kissi. | | depal; lipal; m- pal; pal | Southern Bullom | Sierra Leone | | dipal | Mmani | Sierra Leone | | lipal | Sherbro | The Sherbro language (also known as Southern Bullom, Shiba, Amampa, Mampa, and Mampwa) is an endangered language of Sierra Leone. | | lipan | Krim | The Dilan Hassan language (also known as Krim, Suc, Kex, or Skim) is an endangered language of Sierra Leone. | | diw | Noni | The Noni language, also called Noone, is an Eastern Beboid language of the Niger-Congo family in Cameroon. | | diyie (yaye) | Ditammari | Benin (Africa) | | do\*kusu | Gen | Gen is a Gbe language spoken in the southeast of Togo in the Maritime Region. It is also spoken in the Mono Department of Benin. | | doa; daua | Somrai | Somrai (Sumrey), also known as Sibine (Shibne), is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the southwestern Chadian prefectures of Tandjile and Lai. | | dule | Fur | Sudan | | dulu | Bafaw | Cameroon | | dulu | Bafo | a Bantu language of Cameroon. | | dulu | Balong | Bafaw-Balong is a Bantu language of Cameroon. | | duN | Doko Uyanga | Sothern Nigeria | | duntEn | Kiong | Nigeria | | duo; ghuis | Bekwil | Congo | | duo; jw~ehe | Koozime | Cameroon | | duop | Makaa | Cameroon | | dy~ue | Ekoi | Nigeria, on the border with Cameroon | | aduu; biiftuu | Oromo | the language of Oromo (Afan Oromo) people living in Ethopia and in the North of Kenia. The language of Cushtic branch of Afro-Asiatic language macro family | | adu; biftu | West Oromo | Eastern Cushitic; Afro-Asiatic; Africa | | adu | Eastern Oromo | Ethiopia | | adu | Mecha Oromo | Ethiopia | | adu | Orma | Orma is a variety of Oromo spoken by the Orma people in Kenya and Somalia. | | adu | Oromo (Harar) | Eastern Cushitic; Afro-Asiatic; Africa | | adu7 | Borana Oromo | Southern Ethiopia and Northern Kenya | | adu | Borana | Borana, or Southern Oromo, is a variety of Oromo spoken in Southern Ethiopia and Northern Kenya by the Borana people. | | ud; utu | Sumerian | Sumerian is the language of ancient Sumer and a language isolate that was spoken in Southern Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq). | | utu | Andri | South Sudan | | utu | Balimba | South Sudan, Africa | | utu | Ojiga | A language of South Sudan | | abbi | Hozo | an Afroasiatic language spoken in Ethiopia | | abe (abo) | Kafa | Kafa or Kefa (Kafi noono) is an Afroasiatic language spoken in Ethiopia at the Keffa Zone. | | abe; abo | Mocha | Ethiopia (Africa) | | abi | Male Ethiopia | Southern Ethiopia | | abo | Anfillo | (also known as Mao or Southern Mao) language in western part of Ethiopia. | | adEba | Amadi | Amadi, also known as Ma, Madi, Madyo, is a Ubangian language spoken in DRC Congo. | | adja (adza) | Kresh | Kresh, also known as Kresh-Ndogo and Gbaya-Ndogo, is a Central Sudanic language of South Sudan and the prestige variety of the Kresh languages. | | adza | Gbaya | The Gbaya languages, also known as Gbaya-Manza-Ngbaka, are a family of perhaps a dozen languages spoken mainly in the western Central African Republic and across the border in Cameroon | | afai | Kariya | Nigeria | | afi | Ngiti | The Ngiti, or South Lendu, is an ethnolinguistic group located in the Ituri Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Ngiti speakers call their language Ndruna. | | a-iŋgi (siNg~i) | Ngile | Ngile, also known as Daloka, Taloka, Darra, Masakin, Mesakin [a dialect], is a Niger-Congo unwritten language in the Talodi family spoken in Kordofan, Sudan. | | ai; ayo | Karo | Ethiopia | | air | Walani Silte | One of the Ethiopian Semitic languages, its speakers are the Silt'e, who mainly inhabit the Silte Zone in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region. Speakers of the Wolane dialect mainly inhabit the Kokir Gedebano district of Gurage Zone, as well as the neighbouring Seden Sodo district of Oromia. | | aiying~o; ayiNg~e | Masalit | western Darfur, Sudan | | aotE7 | El Molo (Elmolo) | Somalia, Northern Kenya | | apas | Mbreme | Cameroon (Africa) | | apas | Vame | Vame is an Afroasiatic language spoken in Northern Cameroon. | | apas | Vame-Hurzo | Cameroon (Africa) | | en-dama, ndama | Maasai language | Maasai is a east Nilotic language, spoken in south Kenia and North Tanzania by Maasai people. (Nilotic; Nilo-Saharan; Africa). | | veci | Fali of Kirya | (Kirya-Konzel) the North-east Nigiria | | puus | Mwaghavul | West Chadic; Afro-Asiatic; Africa | | bwe | Ron | West Chadic; Afro-Asiatic; Africa | | di | Awak | Awak (Awok) is one of the Savanna languages of eastern Nigeria. | | iTie | Bekwarra | Bekwarra is a Bendi (Benue–Congo) language of Nigeria. | | utin | Efik | Nigeria (Cross River; Niger-Congo; Africa) | | tin; utin | Oron | Oro (Oron) is a Lower Cross River language of Nigeria. | | tin; utin | Efai | Nigeria and Cameroon. | | tin | Etebi | Nigeria | | tin | Ekit | Nigeria | | tin | Iko | Iko is a Lower Cross River language of Nigeria. | | tin | Uda | Uda is a Lower Cross River language of Nigeria. | | tin | Ukwa | Ukwa is a minor Ibibio-Efik language of Nigeria. | | tin | Usakade | Usaghade is a Lower Cross River language of Cameroon, with a small number of speakers on the border in Nigeria | | tin | Berti | Berti is an extinct Saharan language formerly spoken in Northern Sudan | | tin | Ebughu | Southern Nigeria | | tin | Enwang | Southern Nigeria | | tin; utin | Ibibio | Cross River; Niger-Congo; Africa | | tin; utin | Ibino | Ibino (Ibeno), once known as Delta Ibibio, is a Lower Cross River language of Nigeria. | | tin; utin | Ibuoro | Ibuoro is an Ibibio-Efik language of Nigeria. | | utin | Ito | Nigeria | | tin; utin | Ilue | Ilue is a Lower Cross River language of Nigeria. | | tun; utun | Itu Mbon Uzo | Nigeria, Africa | | tin; tun | Anaang | the native language of the Anaang people of Nigeria. | | cin | Gyazi | one of the West Chadic languages | | cin | Geji | Nigeria | | hoti | Ngamo | one of the Yobe languages, Nigeria | | ho | Fakai A | ut-Ma’in or Fakai is a dialect continuum spoken by 36,000 people in the Fakai district of Nigeria. | | ho | Kamuku | Nigeria | | ho | Regi | (Kikara, Kilegi, Kiregi) Tanzania | | ho | Gwamhi Wuri | Nigeria | | ho | Loko | Sierra Leone | | ho | Alekano | Alekano, or Gahuku (Gahuku-Gama), is a Papuan language spoken in the Northern district of Goroka Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea. | | ho | Gafuku | Papua New Guinea | | ho | Gimi | Gimi (Labogai) is a Papuan language spoken in Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea. | | ho | Yabiyufa | Yaben is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. | | hottu | Badaga | Southern Dravidian; Dravidian; Asia | | hottu (\*) | Kannada | Dravidian; India | | ottu | Kurumba Alu | Southern India | | hobu | Xide | Xide County (south-western China) | | vacu | Fataluco (-u) | Spoken in East Timor (a state in South-West Asia, occupying the East half of Timor island) | | doabo | Badwee | Cameroon | | duao; jweahea | Koonzime | Cameroon branch | | diNkaNga (kaNg~a) | Botongo Dibole | Northern Congo | | kaNg~a; diNkaNga; moi | Dzeke Dibole | Republic of the Congo. | | moi (?); buny (?) | Bamwe | one of the Bantu languages in Southern part of Africa | | moi | Edzama Dibole | Republic of the Congo. | | moi | Kinami Dibole | Republic of the Congo. | | moi | Mounda Dibole | Republic of the Congo. | | mui | Bogongo | in southern Central African Republic | | mui | Isongo | Central African Republic | | mui | Pande | Pande, also known as Pande-Gongo after its two dialects, is a Bantu language of the Central African Republic. | | muni, moni, mui | Bangala | Bangala is a Bantu language spoken in the Northeast part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, in Southern Sudan, and the extreme western part of Uganda. | | mwh; mi | Kendem | Kendem, or Bokwa-Kendem, is a minor Southern Bantoid language of the Mamfe family. It is spoken in three villages in Cameroon, Kendem, Kekpoti and Bokwa. | | mvi\* | Siene | West of Democratic Republic of Congo | | mwi | Ombamba | Congo and Gabon | | mv~i | Ce | Nigeria | | mwe\* | A51 Bafia Zakaan | a Bantu language spoken in Cameroon | | mwe | Denya-Basho | a Bantoid language of Cameroon | | mwe | Ilwana | Ilwana (Kiwilwana), or Malakote, is a minor Bantu language of Kenya. | | mweyi | Galwa | Gabon (Africa) | | muyu | Kaningi | Gabon | | muni | Vili Mayumba | Congo | | muni | Vili | The language has a few thousand native speakers in spread along the coast between Southern Gabon and Northern Angola, most of them in the Republic of the Congo's Kouilou, Pointe-Noire and Niari departments. | | munu | Nawdm | The language of Losso people in Togo and Ghana. | | mu | Mbe | Mbe is a language spoken by the Mbube people of the Ogoja, Cross River State region of Nigeria | | muno | Nduumo | Nduumo (Mindumbu) is a Bantu language spoken in Gabon. | | muk | Mburku | Nigeria | | muk | Zumbun | Zumbun (also rendered Jimbin, Jimbinawa) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Bauchi State, Nigeria | | muku;; vici | Bana | Bana is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Northern Cameroon | | munoon | Bafanji (Fanji) | the language of the Bafanji people in the Northwest Region of Cameroon | | munz~u | Wetawit | Wetawit is an ethnic group in Ethiopia and Sudan. They speak Berta, also known as Wetawit, a Nilo-Saharan language. | | mw~ado | Dhaiso | Northeastern Tanzania | | mw~ot | Lefa | The Fa' language, Lefa' (also Fak or Lefa), is one of the Bantu languages of Cameroon. | | mwana | Ndembu | Northwestern Zambia | | wika; wose | Tem | Gur; Niger-Congo; Africa (Togo, Africa) | | igwe | Ayu | Central Nigeria | | bai | Mabo (?) | Central Nigeria | | bai | Gbanziri | Gbanziri (Gbanzili) is a Ubangian language of the Central African Republic and Democratic Republic of the Congo. | | bai | Loo | Nigeria | | bai | Ngbaka Bokanga | Africa | | bai | Ngbaka Gilima | Niger-Congo; Africa | | bai | Ngbaka Mabo | at the border between Congo and Central African republic | | wai | Adara (?) (or Kadara), Eda | A Plateau language of Nigeria | | boi | Duun | Duun is a Mande language of Mali. | | boi | Duungoma | Southern Mali (Africa) | | boi | Dzuun | Burkina Faso (the western part of the country) | | boi | Dzuungoo | Burkina Faso (the western part of the country), Africa. | | zu | Gade | Nupoid; Niger-Congo; Africa | | azu | Kadaru | East Sudanic family, Nubian group. | | zua (ua) | Kwere | Kwere, or Nghwele (Ngh’wele), is a Bantu language of the Morogoro and Dodoma regions of Tanzania. | | azo; azu | Dasenech | Dasenech (Daasanach) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken by the Daasanach in Ethiopia | | usu | Beni | Algeria ? | | usu | Walo Kumbe | Dogon language spoken in Mali | | usu | Walo | part of the Dogon group, spoken in Northern Mali. | | ushile (sh - ?) | Anii | The Anii or Basila language (also Baseca, Ouinji-Ouinji ~ Winji-Winji) is spoken in central eastern Ghana, Benin, and central western Togo. | | uSili | Lere Takaya | Nigeria | | usi (udi) | Lega Mwenga | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | usi | Lega Shabunda | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | ilisuva; suva | Hehe | Hehe is a Bantu language spoken by the Hehe people of the Iringa region of Tanzania. | | liuva; uva | Oluluyia | Kenya (Africa) | | lyubha; ubha | Bende | Tanzania | | lyuwa | Matengo | Matengo is a Bantu language of Tanzania. | | liuwa | Mwera | Not to be confused with Mwera (Nyasa) language. Mwera Cimwera spoken in Tanzania | | lua\*\* | Tuburi-Fianga | Chad (Africa) Other names for the Tuburi language: (Bang-Ling, Bang-Were, Faale-Piyew, Honya, Mata, Ndoore, Ndore, Podokge, Tongoyna, Toubouri, Toupouri, Tupuri). | | uba | Nande | a Bantu language; Congo, Africa | | juba | Luba-Lulua | the language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. | | juba | Holoholo | Holoholo is a Bantu language of DR Congo and formerly in Tanzania spoken by the Holoholo people on either side of Lake Tanganyika. | | juba | Songola Ulindi | a minor Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo | | juba | Tumbwe | The Tumbwe people are an ethnic group living mostly in Tanganyika District of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. | | juwa | Kaonde | Kaonde (kiiKaonde) is a Bantu language spoken primarily in Zambia but also in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. | | cuba | Songola Kasenga | Songola (Songoora), or North Binja, is a minor Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. | | guba | Songye | Songe, also known as Songye, Kisonge, Lusonge, Yembe, and Northeast Luba, is a Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. | | zua | Zaramo | Pwani Region and Dar es Salaam in Tanzania (Africa) | | uva; li-am | Luragoli | Kenya and Uganda | | uva; li-am (?) | Kanuri | Spoken in Chad, Cameroon, Niger, Nigeria and Sudan. | | zuva KKoMZ | Shona (chiShona) | One of the two official Languages of Zimbabwe. Also spoken in Mozambique, Zambia and Botswana. (Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa). | | zuwa | Tumbuka | (Chitumbuka) Spoken in Malawi, Tanzania and Zambia. | | dzuva; ilidzuva | Bena | Bena is a Bantu language spoken by the Bena people of the Iringa region of Tanzania. | | ezuva | Kwangali | Kwangali, or RuKwangali, is a Bantu language spoken by 85,000 people along the Okavango River in Namibia, where it is a national language, and in Angola. | | zuba | Shona Karanga | one of the Central Shona variety (Zimbabwe) | | zuba | Tumbuka Malawi | The Tumbuka Malawi language is a Bantu language which is spoken in the Northern Region of Malawi. | | zuba | Tumbuka Zambie | The Tumbuka Zambie language is a Bantu language which is spoken in the Lundazi district of Zambia. | | zuba | Enya Kibombo | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | suba | Enya Manda | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | zuba | Fuliru | Democratic Republic of the Congo, at the border with Burundi | | zuba | Rundi | Burundi (Africa) | | zuba | Havu | the Democratic Republic of the Congo | | zuba | Vira | the Democratic Republic of Congo (near the Tanzania border) | | zuba | Tonga | Zambia | | zuba | Mashi Drc | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | zuba | Mbalangwe | Namibia | | zuba | Nkhonde | A language of Tanzania. | | zuba | Senga Chama | Eastern Zambia. | | zuba | Senga Chipata | Eastern Zambia. | | zuba | Shi | Shi, or Nyabungu, is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. | | izuba (zuba) | Kinyarwanda | (or Rwanda) is a Bantu language spoken by 7.2 million people. Kinyarwanda is mutually intelligible with Kirundi, an official language of Burundi. Spoken in Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Congo. | | izuba | Hangaza | Hangaza is a Bantu language spoken by the Hangaza people of Tanzania. | | izuba; uba | Ha | Ha, also known with the Bantu language prefix as Giha, Ikiha, or Kiha, is a Bantu language spoken by the Ha people of the Kigoma Region of Tanzania | | izuba | Ila | Ila (Chiila) is a language of Zambia. | | i'zuba | Kinyindu | This language is spoken in Lwindi, East of the Democratic Republic of Congo. | | i-zuba | Kirundi | Spoken in Burundi, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda and Congo-Kinshasa. | | duba (tth$uba) | Venda | Venda, also known as Tshiven?a or Luven?a, is a Bantu language and an official language of South Africa. | | lyoba | Lugungu [rub] | in Buliisa, Masindi and Hoima districts in North Western Uganda where the number of mother-tongue speakers is approximately 49,000 people. | | eryuba | Lunyole [nuj] | in Buteleja district in Eastern Uganda where the number of mother-tongue speakers is approximately 340,000 people. | | eryobha; obha | Sizaki | Tanzania | | iryobha (ryobha) | Ikizu | Ikizu (Ikikizu, Kiikiizo) is a Bantu language spoken by the Ikizu peoples of Tanzania. | | eryuba; engarayi y'omwisi | Kinande | Congo and Uganda | | eryuba; uba | Saamia | Samia (Saamia) is a Bantu language spoken by the Luhya people of Uganda and Kenya. | | eryuba | Konzo | The Konjo (Konzo) language, variously rendered Rukonjo, Olukonjo, Olukonzo and Lhukonzo, is a Bantu language spoken by the Konjo people of Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It has a 77% lexical similarity with Nande. | | izuva; i'azi | Ma'a | Ma’a (or Mbugu) is a mixed language of Tanzania. | | izuva | Normal Mbugu | The Mbugu people live scattered in the Usamhara mountains in Tanzania, where the dominant language is. Shambaa (Bantu). There are two varieties of the Mbugu language: A variety which is similar to the Bantu language Pare, called the 'normal' or 'high'. Mbugu | | dzuwa; akol | South Central Dinka | Nilotic; Nilo-Saharan; Africa | | dzuwa | Chichewa | (also known as Chewa, Nyanja or Chinyanja), is a Bantu language spoken in south-central Africa. It is the national language of Malawi, the third most widely used language in Zimbabwe after Shona (a close relative) and Ndebele, and it is also spoken in Mozambique and Zambia. There are 9.3 million speakers. | | dyibi | Jowulu | Jowulu, also known as Jo or ambiguously as Samogho, is a minor Mande language of Mali | | dioba | Kukele | The Kele language, Kukele (Bakele, Ukele), is an Upper Cross River language of Nigeria. | | digba | Barambu | the Democratic Republic of Congo | | dio | Dumbo | (or Kemezung language) is a Southern Bantoid language of Cameroon. | | diyuwa | Mashi | Mashi (Kamaxi), or Kwandu, is a Bantu language of Zambia and Angola. | | diyuwa | Gova | a Bantu language of Zambia and Angola. (?) | | dyuba; mwinya | Siluba, Ciluba | one of the Congo languages (Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa) | | aizobo; eizoba; eizooba; zoba | Chiga | (also called Rukiga, Ruchiga, Kiga) Uganda, Africa | | eizoba (izoba) | Haya | Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa | | zoba | Runyankore | Nkore (also called Nkole, Nyankore, Nyankole, Orunyankore, Orunyankole, Runyankore and Runyankole) is a Bantu language spoken by the Nkore and Hima peoples of south-western Uganda | | zoba | Rutooro | Tooro, or Rutooro, is a Bantu language spoken mainly by the Toro people (Batooro) from the Toro Kingdom region of western Uganda. | | zoba | Zinza | Zinza (Dzinda) is a Bantu language of Tanzania, spoken on the Southern shore of Lake Victoria. | | soba (zoba) | Ziba | The North of Tanzania | | zua | Bondei | a Northeast Coast Bantu of Tanzania | | zuva; uva | Nyiha Tanzania | Tanzania | | zuva | Nyungwe | Nyungwe (Cinyungwe or Nhungue) is a Bantu language of Mozambique. | | zuva (dhuva) | Pare | Pare (Kipare), also known as Asu (Casu, Chasu, Athu, Chathu), is a Northeast Coast Bantu spoken by the Pare people of Tanzania. | | zuva | Pare Sud | Tanzania | | zuva | Cindau | Language of Mozambique | | zuva | Korekore | Zimbabwe | | zuva; izuva | Asu | ?? Asu is the name of two languages: Asu language (Nigeria), spoken in Western Nigeria. Asu language (Tanzania), spoken by the Gweno people in the Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania. | | zoba | Hima Rdc | Uganda | | zoba | Kikerewe | Tanzania | | zova | Malagasy Sakalava Majunga | Madagascar | | zubha | Vinza | Vinza is a Bantu language spoken by the Vinza people of Tanzania, approximately in the area of the town of Uvinza. | | risuba; suba | Kwaya | Kwaya is a Bantu language of Tanzania. | | lisuba; suba | Jita | Jita is a Bantu language of Tanzania. | | jova; lijova | Kisi | a Bantu language of Tanzania. | | zu; ezu | Bu | Bu-Ninkada (Ibut, Abu, Jida) is a Plateau language of Nigeria. The two dialects, Bu and Ninkada, are ethnically distinct. | | zuwa | Tumbuka | (Chitumbuka) is a Bantu language which is spoken in the Northern Region of Valawi and also in the Lundazi district of Zambia. | | suva | Hehe | Hehe is a Bantu language spoken by the Hehe people of the Iringa region of Tanzania. | | suba; mwi | Lenje | Zambia | | eyuva | Otjiherero | The Herero language (Helelo, Herero, Otjiherero) is a language of the Bantu subfamily of the Niger–Congo group. It is spoken by the Herero and Mbanderu peoples in Namibia and Botswana. | | yuwa; zazi | Silozi | Lozi, also known as siLozi and Rozi, is a Bantu language of the Niger–Congo language family, that is spoken by the Lozi people, primarily in southwestern Zambia and in surrounding countries. | | yuva | Herero | Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa | | jua | Swahili Sud | Tanzania (Indian ocean coast) | | jua | Nyanja Nyasa | south-central Africa | | jua | Saghala | Kenya, Tanzania. | | jua | Kaguru | Tanzania | | jua | Upper Pokomo | Upper Pokomo is a Bantu language spoken in Kenya. | | jru\*\* | Guere | Kru; Niger-Congo; Africa | | jua | Swahili | (Kiswahili) The major language of Bantu and the most important language of East and Central Africa. | | jua | Shimaore | (Maore Language or Mahorais in French), is the lingua franca of Mayotte, a French-ruled Comorian island. It is spoken by about 80,000 people. Shimaore is a Bantu language. | | aro | Saho | The Saho language is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Eritrea, Sudan and Ethiopia. | | arro | Alaba-K'abeena | Alaba-K'abeena (Alaaba, Alaba, Allaaba, Halaba), also known as Wanbasana, is a Highland East Cushitic language spoken in Ethiopia in the Great Rift Valley southwest of Lake Shala | | are | Kambaata (Kambata) | Ethiopia | | ari | Miisiirii Tama | Chad (on the border with Sudan) | | ari | Ninka | Ninka is a Plateau language of Nigeria. | | ariSo | Gedeo | Gedeo is a Highland East Cushitic language of the Afro-Asiatic family spoken in south central Ethiopia. | | ora; ra | Kolokuma-Opokuma | Nigeria | | ora (ra) | Kunbo | Nigeria | | ora | Kabou | Nigeria | | or3; ora | Rendille | Rendille (also known as Rendile, Randile) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken by the Rendille people inhabiting Northern Kenya. | | ora | Aweer | Kenya, the Garissa province | | orah | Garre | Somalia (Africa) | | oroa; rua | West Tarakiri | Banks of the Nun and Forcados Rivers in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. | | orua | Nkoro | Nkore is a Bantu language spoken by the Nkore ('Banyankore') and Hima peoples of south-western Uganda in the former province of Ankole. | | oru\* | Oka | Nigeria | | iru | Dhivehi | (Maldivian language), the official language of Maldives. It belongs to Indian (Indo-Arian) languages. The Dhivehi language is congenial to Sinegalese language, that is spoken in Sri Lanka and the roots of which are in Sanscrit. | | iru | Bakwe | Cote d'Ivoire (Cote d'Ivoire), Africa | | irua | Kirike | Nigeria | | irua | Nembe | Nigeria | | irua | Kalabari | Kalabari is an Ijaw language of Nigeria spoken in Rivers State and Bayelsa State | | irua | Okrika | Nigeria | | urau | Kolokuma | Southern Nigeria | | urau | Ekpetiama | central Bayelsa State, Nigeria | | urau | Oyakiri | Nigeria | | urau | Izon | Nigeria | | wurau | Apoi | Nigeria. | | uwurau | East Tarakiri | Nigeria, Africa | | uwurau; wura | Ogboin | Southern Nigeria | | uwurau | Gbarain | Nigeria | | uwurau | Ikibiri | Nigeria | | owura; wura | Operemo | Africa | | owurau | Oporomo | Africa | | oruwa | Biseni | Biseni (Buseni) is one of three small Inland Ijaw languages of Nigeria. | | iwura | Ijo | the language spoken by the Ijaw people in Southern Nigeria. | | iwurau | Bumo | The South of Nigeria | | ovorn~i | Furupagha | Nigeria | | agb~ala; wurau | East Olodiama | Nigeria, Africa | | agb~ala | Gbaranmatu | Nigeria | | agb~ala | Iduwini | Nigeria | | agb~ala | Ogbe Ijo | Africa | | agb~ala | Ogulagha | Southern Nigeria | | agb~ala | Arogbo | Nigeria | | agb~ala; ern~e\*i\* | Iduwini | Nigeria | | agb~ala; urau | Basan | not found (Nigeria?) | | iruba; iruwa; ruwa; rubha; uva | Taita | Taita, or Dawida, is a Bantu language spoken in the Taita Hills of Kenya. | | ruwa | Chagga | The Chagga (also called Wachaga, Chaga, Jagga, Dschagga, Waschagga, or Wachagga) are Bantu-speaking indigenous Africans and the third largest ethnic group in Tanzania. | | ruwa; wa | Kibosho | Tanzania, Africa. | | ruwa | Caga Kiwoso | Tanzania | | ruba | Gweno | Tanzania | | i; irua livaa | Siha | a Bantu language of Tanzania | | uru | Beezen | Beezen, spoken in the Cameroonian village of Kpek | | uru | Zande | It is spoken by the Azande, primarily in the Northeast of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and western South Sudan, but also in the eastern part of the Central African Republic. | | ura | Marama | the language in western Kenya | | urana | Cishingini | Nigeria | | urana | Damakawa | The Damakawa are a group of perhaps 500-1000 people living in three or four villages in Northwest Nigeria. (Possibly it is borrowed from Hausa language) | | urana | Salka | (Kamberi) Nigeria | | urana | Tsuvadi | The Vadi language, Tsuvadi, is a Kainji language of Nigeria spoken by the Kambari people. Kakihum (or Gadi), is a dialect. | | rana | Kano | Northern Nigeria | | uruN; ru | Sambe | Sambe is a presumably extinct Plateau language of Nigeria once spoken in the village of the same name. | | ro:ke | Galke | Galke, also known as Ndai or Pormi, is a nearly extinct Mbum language of northern Cameroon. | | yro | Kruman | Cote d'Ivoire | | yunu | Jukun Takum | Jukun (Njikum), or more precisely Jukun Takum, is a Jukunoid language of Cameroon used as a trade language in Nigeria. | | yuru | Guiberoua Bete | Cote d'Ivoire (Africa) | | yuruzaru\*\* | Daloa | (Bete) Cote d'Ivoire | | ir | Harari | Semitic; Afro-Asiatic; Africa | | iri | Mararit | Chad (Africa) | | iri | Ibiri | Eastern Sudanic language family: Taman group | | iri | Abuu Shaarib | Eastern Sudanic language family: Taman group | | ariti (3riti) | Bayso (Baiso) | Eastern Cushitic; Afro-Asiatic; Africa (Sudan) | | ari | Tama | Eastern Sudanic language family: Taman group | | ari | Erenga | Eastern Sudanic language family: Taman group | | ari | Sungor | Eastern Sudanic language family: Taman group | | ari | Miisiirii | Eastern Sudanic language family: Taman group | | iry | Maay | Somalia | | irioba; oba | Kuria | Kuria is spoken by the Kuria peoples of Northern Tanzania, with some speakers also residing in Kenya. | | iryobha; obha | Kuria Tarime | Tarime and Musoma Rural districts (Northern Tanzania), near Kenya border | | enjuba; musana | Oluganda | Luganda (or Ganda, Oluganda) is one of the major languages in Uganda and is spoken by five million Baganda and other people principally in Southern Uganda, including the capital Kampala. | | iliywa; liywa | Luyana | Luyana (Luyaana), also known as Luyi (Louyi, Lui, Rouyi), is a Bantu language spoken in Zambia | | liywa | Kwandi | Zambia | | liywa | Mbowe | Mbowe (Esimbowe) is a Bantu language of Zambia. | | hdiywa | Mbumi | Zambia | | elyuba | Luluhya | Spoken in Kenya and Uganda. | | elyuba | Appleby | Kenya and Uganda | | elyuba | Lutura | Kenya and Uganda | | eliuba | Luwanga | Kenya and Uganda | | eliuba | Wanga | Kenya and Uganda | | lyuba | Idakho | Kenya and Uganda | | uuva (uwa. uba) | Yao | Spoken in Malawi, Mozambique.(Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa) | | yuva (lyuba) | Logoli | Western Kenya | | njuwa | Koti | Mozambique | | nsuwa | Emakhuwa | Mozambique | | suwa | Tuwuli | The Bowili (Bowiri) language, Tuwuli (Liwuli, Siwuri, Tuwili, Tora), is spoken in the Volta Region of Ghana. | | nzua | Echuwabu | Mozambique | | juwa | Kimwani | Mozambique | | ncuwa | Emakhuwa Emeetto | Mozambique | | liduva | Makonde (Shimakonde) | Language of Mozambique (Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa) | | suba (?); h-Eng (?) | Bemba (?) Basaa (Bassa, Basa, Bisaa, Basaa) | Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa. Spoken mostly at the Northern Zambia, mainly in Northern provinces, and in the Luapule and Copperbelt provinces as well. | | nduwa | Takwane | Language of Mozambique | | nsuwa | Lonwe (Elomwe) | Language of Mozambique | | ndhuwa | Emakhuwa Emarevoni | Language of Mozambique | | oba; zuba | Kitabwa | the Democratic Republic of the Congo | | oba | Enya | Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa | | wa | Makoma | Zambia | | Zuva; uba | Kalanga | Zimbabwe (on the border with Botswana) | | Tuva | Kindamba | Tanzania | | suba | M40temba | Zambia | | suba | Soli | Zambia | | suba | Tembo | the Democratic Republic of the Congo | | ua | Luguru | Tanzania | | zuva | Gogo | Tanzania | | yuba; Zuba | Fwe | Namibia (Africa) | | izuv\*a (zuv\*a) | Lambya | Lambya (Rambia) is a Bantu language of Tanzania and Malawi. | | zoba | Nkore Hima | Uganda | | iwa | Mulonga | Zambia | | iwa | Mwenyi | Zambia | | iwa | Shiyeyi | (Yeyi) is a Bantu language spoken by Yeyi people along the Okavango River in Namibia and Botswana | | iyi | Ahlo | Togo (Africa) | | iZi | Bu Nigeria | (a.k.a. Buh) central region of Nigeria | | juba | Ganda | Uganda | | juba | Kebwe | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | yuba | Luba Shaba | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | yuba | Bangubangu | A language of Democratic Republic of the Congo | | yuba | Hemba Bwinyanyemba | the Democratic Republic of the Congo | | yuba | Hemba Mambwe | the Democratic Republic of the Congo | | yuwa | Mashi Zambia | Zambia | | yoba; rE | Gusii | West of Kenya | | juba | Luba | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | juba | Luganda | Uganda | | juba | Lumbwe | West of Tanzania | | uba | Kisa | the language in western Kenya | | zyoba | Sumbwa | Sumbwa is a Bantu language of Tanzania. | | zuwa | Shona Manyika | Zimbabwe | | zuwa | Shona Ndau | Zimbabwe | | zuwa | Chuwabu | Mozambique, the Zambezia province | | yusa | Ngom Kele | Kele is a Bantu language of Gabon. Dialects of the Kele language are scattered throughout Gabon. Ngom (Angom, Ungomo) is used with only minor differences by the Kola/Koya Pygmies. It is spoken on both sides of the border with the Republic of the Congo. | | suso | Me'en | Me'en (also Mekan, Mie'en, Mieken, Meqan, Men) is a Nilo-Saharan language spoken in Ethiopia by the Me'en people. | | zobo | Nkore Kiga | Nkore-Kiga is a language spoken by around 3,910,000 people living in the extreme southwest of Uganda. | | suba | Ngumbo Taabwa | Taabwa (Ichitaabwa), or Rungu (Malungu), is a Bantu language of Congo and Zambia spoken by half a million people. | | mu; suba | Nyakyusa | Nyakyusa, or Nyakyusa-Ngonde, is a Bantu language of Tanzania and Malawi spoken by the Nyakyusa people around the Northern end of Lake Malawi. | | suba | Regi Tanzania | Kara, or Regi, is a Bantu language of Tanzania, spoken off Ukerewe Island in Lake Victoria | | suba | Taabwa | Taabwa Zambie is a Bantu language of Zambia | | suba | Sukwa | Dialect of Ndali language is spoken in the Misuku Hills of Malawi by fewer than 1000 people. | | suba | Bwile | the Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanganyika province | | suba (suwa) | Lamba | northern Zambia | | Suba | Bembe Bmb | the Democratic Republic of Congo, on border with Tanzania | | 8h~uwa | Chilomwe | Mozambique (Africa) | | 8oa | Lomwe | Mozambique | | 8obo; weso | Bomwali | in the North of the Congo | | 83N; ewa | Buru | Nigeria | | 8inea | Kamdang | Sudan | | 8o\*; wyiyo | Mpyemo | CAR | | su | Mursi | Surmic; Nilo-Saharan; Africa. Ethiopia | | su | Suri | The Suri (Surma), are agropastoralists living in the semiarid lowland area of the Kafa Administrative Region of Ethiopia | | su | Samba Daga | Western Nigeria (Africa) | | su | Taram | a dialect of Daka (Nigeria) | | su'u | Samba Daka | Nigeria | | zu | Aghem Wum | North West Region of Cameroon | | su | Kati (in Afghanistan) | Indic; Indo-European; Asia | | su | Shekhani | The North of India | | su | Eastern Kativiri | Afganistan | | su | Udehe | The Udege language (also Udihe language, Udekhe language, Udeghe language) is the language of the Udege people. It is a member of the Tungusic family. | | su | Aribwatsa | Papua New Guinea | | su | Wampar | Wampar is an Austronesian language of Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. | | su | Tabla | Papua, Indonesia | | su | Edopi (or Dosobou, Dou, Doufou, Elopi, Foi, Iau, Turu, Urundi, Ururi, Yau) | Indonesia | | zu, izu | Aghem | Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Nigeria, Africa | | Z3 (izy)\*\* | Bafmeng | Mmem (Bafmeng) is a Grassfields Bantu language of Cameroon. | | Z3 | Mmen | Cameroon | | za? | Duru | The Duru languages are a group of Savanna languages spoken in Northern Cameroon and eastern Nigeria. | | zu | Bu Cameroon | in the western Cameroon | | aseta (seta) | Datooga Dialect | Tanzania (Africa) | | aseteta | Omotik | Omotik (Sawas) is a moribund Nilotic language of Kenya. | | asimba | Mvuba | Rwanda (Africa) | | asis | North Tugen | Kenya (Africa) | | asis | Pokot | Pokoot is a language spoken in western Kenya and eastern Uganda by the Pokot people. | | asista (asis) | Keiyo | Kenya | | asista | Kalenjin | Kenya | | asista | Sabaot | Sabaot (Sebei) is a Kalenjin language of Kenya. | | asista | Sogoo | Sogoo (also known as Ogiek Okiek or Akiek) is a Southern Nilotic language cluster of the Kalenjin family spoken or once spoken by the Ogiek peoples, scattered groups of hunter-gatherers in Southern Kenya and Northern Tanzania. | | aso | Kwadza | Tanzania | | asu; mwasu | Kilaangi | Rangi or Langi (there is no distinction between /r/ and /l/; also known as Irangi, Kilaangi, etc.) is a Bantu language of spoken by the Rangi people of Kondoa District in the Dodoma Region of Central Tanzania. | | asu | Valangi | Tanzania | | andr$u | Malagasy Mahafaly | Madagascar | | andr$u | Malagasy Sakalava | Madagascar | | andr$u | Malagasy Vezo | Madagascar | | mato7onro | Dusun Deyah | Dusun Deyah, or Deyah, is a language spoken by the Dusun people of Borneo that is closely related to Malagasy on Madagascar. | | matEanrau | Dusun Witu | Dusun Witu, or Witu, is a language spoken by the Dusun people of Borneo that is closely related to Malagasy on Madagascar. | | lod'o; mada lod'o | Sabu | The Hawu also known as Havu language, historically Sawu and known to outsiders as Savu or Sabu (thus Havunese, Savunese, Sawunese), is the language of Savu Island in Indonesia and of Raijua Island off the western tip of Savu. | | masoandra | Malagasy Anatankarana Ambilobe | Madagascar | | masoandro | Malagasy Anatankarana Vohemar | Madagascar | | masoandro | Malagasy Masikoro-Miary | Madagascar | | masoandro | Malagasy Northern Betsimisaraka Fenoarivo East | Madagascar | | masoandro | Malagasy Plateau Betsileo Fianarantsoa | Madagascar | | masoandro | Malagasy Plateau Merina Antananarivo | Madagascar | | masoandro | Malagasy Sakalava Ambanja | Madagascar | | masoandro | Malagasy Sakalava Maintirano | Madagascar | | masoandro | Malagasy Sakalava Morondava | Madagascar | | masoandro | Malagasy Sakalava Vezo Toliara | Madagascar | | masoandro | Malagasy Tandroy Mahafaly Ambovombe | Madagascar | | masoandro | Malagasy Tandroy Mahafaly Ampanihy | Madagascar | | masoandro | Malagasy Tanosy Tolagnaro | Madagascar | | masoandro | Malagasy Southern Betsimisaraka Antaimoro Manakara | Madagascar | | masoandro | Malagasy Southern Betsimisaraka Antaisaka Vangaindrano | Madagascar | | masoandro | Malagasy Southern Betsimisaraka Antambohoaka Mananjary | Madagascar | | masuandr$u | Malagasy Antaisaka | Madagascar | | taniandr$u; masouva | Malagasy Antankarana | Madagascar | | taniandr$u | Bushi | Bushi (Shibushi or Kibushi) is a dialect of Malagasy spoken in the French-ruled Comorian island of Mayotte. | | masuandr$u | Malagasy Merina | Madagascar | | masuandr$u | Malagasy Sihanaka | Madagascar | | masuandr$u | Malagasy Taimoro | Madagascar | | masuandr$u | Malagasy Tandroy | Madagascar | | masuandr$u | Malagasy Zafisoro | Madagascar | | masuandr$u | Malagasy Ambositra | Madagascar | | masoandro ('the eye of the day') | Malagasy | the language is spoken by the inhabitants of Madagascar island. (Barito; Austronesian; Africa). | | masuva | Malagasy Tsimihety | Madagascar | | masova | Malagasy Tsimihety Mandritsara | Madagascar | | masova | Malagasy Anatankarana Antalaha | Madagascar | | masova | Malagasy Plateau Sihanaka Ambatondrazaka | Madagascar | | madaʔa | Maria-Maiagolo | Papua New Guinea | | madaʔa | Maria-Uderi | Papua New Guinea | | mada; maida7a | Doromu | Doromu, or Doromu-Koki, is a Manubaran language spoken in Papua New Guinea. It has three varieties: Koki, Kokila and Koriko. | | mada | Humene Manugoro | Papua New Guinea | | mada | Humene | Papua New Guinea | | mada | Kwale | Kwale (a.k.a. Uare) is a language of Papua New Guinea. | | mada7a (mεidaʔa) | Maria | Papua New Guinea | | madega (madiga) | Ghayavi | western Papua New Guinea | | madega; maigara | Umanakaina | Umanakaina, or Gwedena, is a Papuan language of New Guinea. | | madega | Haigwai | Papua New Guinea | | madega | Umanakaina Gigarebi | Umanakaina, or Gwedena, is a Papuan language of New Guinea. | | madega | Yakaikeke | Yakaikeke (Iakaikeke) is an Oceanic language of Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. | | masa | Nobiin (or Fadidja-Mahas) | East Sudanic family, Nubian group. | | maSa | Mahas | Eastern Sudanic language family, Nubian group. | | masal | Old Nubian | East Sudanic family, Nubian group. | | mas3l | Nubian Of Dongola | Northern Sudan | | m'asil | Dongolawi | East Sudanic family, Nubian group. | | masil | Kenuzi | East Sudanic family, Nubian group. | | m'asil\*\* | Andaandi | (Egypt, Libya, Sudan). | | masil | Kenzi | Egypt | | cua | Digo | Digo (Chidigo) is a Bantu language spoken primarily along the East African coast between Mombasa and Tanga by the Digo people of Kenya and Tanzania. | | cua | Chonyi | Chonyi is a Bantu language spoken in Kenya. | | Cəwa (cua) | Kera (Tuburi-Kera) | Kera is an East Chadic language spoken by 45,000 people in Southwest Chad and 6,000 people in North Cameroon. (It was called 'Tuburi' by Greenberg, a name shared with Tupuri). | | cua (uwa) | Rabai | Rabai, also called Rabai Mpya, is a historic location in Kilifi County, Kenya about 12 miles Northwest of the city of Mombasa. | | cua | Chwaka | Southern Kenya | | cua | Buu | Kenya, at Indian ocean shore | | cua (cuwa) | Giryama | Kenya | | cua | Lower Pokomo | Kenya | | cua | Makwa Ile | Mozambique | | cuba | Cewa | Malawi (Africa) | | cuba | Kunda | Northern Zimbabwe | | soa | Makwa Malema | Mozambique | | soa | Makwa Nampula | Mozambique | | laNg~a; uva | Chingoni | in southern Tanzania (province Ruvuma) | | zowa | Bungu | Tanzania (Africa) | | dzowa (zawa) | Mombum | Mombum, or Kemelom (Komolom), is a Trans-New Guinea language spoken on Yos Sudarso Island (Kolopom Island) in West New Guinea. | | zawa | Mombun | Papua, Indonesia | | zowa | Komelomsch | Papua, Indonesia | | doba | Batanga | Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea | | dova | Batanga Balundu | western Cameroon | | lisOba; sOba | Matumbi | Matuumbi, also known as Kimatumbi, is a language spoken in Tanzania in the Kipatimu region of the Kilwa District, south of the Rufiji river. | | jova | Mbugwe | Mbugwe or Mbuwe (Kimbugwe) is a Bantu language of spoken by the Mbugwe people of Lake Manyara in the Manyara Region of Central Tanzania. | | ova | Mpoto | at the border of Malawi and Tanzania | | ova | Edo | Nigeria | | Tova | Kinga | Tanzania | | ofa | Buem Lelemi | Lelemi (or Lefana) is spoken by the Buem people in the mountainous Volta Region of Ghana. | | cuwa | Duruma | Duruma is a settlement in Kenya's Kwale County. Chi-Duruma is the local dialect of Mijikenda language. | | cuba; isi | Hunde | Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa | | Cuba | Pangwa | The Pangwa are an ethnic and linguistic group based in the Kipengere Range on the eastern shore of Lake Malawi, in the Ludewa District of Njombe Region in Southern Tanzania. | | Cowa | Nawuri | Nawuri is a Guang language of Ghana. | | uwa (juba; ba; diba ???) | Tshiluba | Luba-Kasai, also known as Western Luba, Bena-Lulua, Ciluba/Tshiluba, Luba-Lulua or Luva, is a Bantu language of Central Africa and a national language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo | | uwa | Ciyawo | Malawi (Africa) | | uwa | Liuwa | Zambia | | uwaha | Abar | Benue-Congo family: Beboid group; Nigeria, Cameroon | | uwaha | Missong | Benue-Congo family: Beboid group; Nigeria, Cameroon | | uwa; cuwa | Nyanja | Nyanja (also known as Chewa) is a Bantu language spoken by over 15 million people in Southern Africa. | | uwa | Nsenga | Nsenga (Senga) is the language in Mozambique, Zimbabwe and Zambia. | | uwa | Nyala Kenya | a Bantu language of western Kenya, on the shores of Lake Victoria. | | uwa | Segeju | The Segeju are an ethnic and linguistic group from Mkinga District, Tanga Region, Tanzania. | | uba | Kinyamwezi | Tanzania | | uba | Zimba | Zimba is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, spoken in a band of country south of the Elila River. | | oba | Taabwa Rdc | Taabwa, or Rungu (Malungu), is a Bantu language of Congo and Zambia | | wa | Nyali | Nyali, or North Nyali, is a minor Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. | | wa | Nyengo | Nyengo (Nhengo) is a minor Bantu language of Angola. | | tua | Swahili Chirazi | South Kenya (Africa) | | tua | Swahili Mvita | South Kenya (Africa) | | Tua | Swahili Vumba | Kenia (Indian ocean coast), near Tanzanian border | | Tua | Makwa Alua | Mozambique | | tua | Gabri | in southern Chad (Africa) | | toa | Dormo | Chad (Africa) | | tuwa | Lele | Chad, Afro-asian language | | Tu | Kuo | Cameroon | | Tuba (uba) | Buyu | the Democratic Republic of Congo | | TuE (juE) | Bendeghe | in southern Nigeria | | tue | Worodugukakan | the language of the tribe in the Ivory Coast (Africa) | | Tvu | Mbizinaku | Central Africa | | tun | Itumbuso | Nigeria | | Tun | Nde | Nigeria | | itu | Kaliko | Keliko (Kaliko) is a Central Sudanic language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and South Sudan. | | itu | Lokai | Uganda | | itu | Ma'di (Maadi) | Uganda and South Sudan. | | iTvu | Itanikom | The Kom language (Itanikom) is spoken by over 150,000 speakers living in Boyo Division, located in the North West Province of Cameroon. | | tw~e | Koma | Southern Sudan (the upper reaches of the Nile) | | Tw~i | Bulu | Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa | | Tw~i | Bum | Cameroon | | Tw~iTw~i | Kensweinsei | Cameroon | | ty~aty~i | Sotho Northern | South Africa | | ?aj-it | Aacax | Cushitic languages group. Kushites are the group of peoples of Africa, living in the area between the Egipt Estern desert and the North-East province of Kenya. | | dy~uwa | Swahili Makunduchi | East Tanzania (Africa) | | dy~uwa | Swahili Pemba | The North of the Mozambique coast of the Indian ocean, in the province of Kabu-Delgado, on a Peninsula going to the Pemba Bay | | dy~ua | Swahili Mwani | East Mozambique (Indian ocean coast) | | dhuba | Soga 2 | Soga, or Lusoga, is a Bantu language spoken in Uganda. | | yuwa | Ngoni | Ngoni is a Bantu language of Zambia, Tanzania, Mozambique. | | yuwa | Swahili Pate | East Kenya (Indian ocean coast) | | yuwa | Swahili Tikuu | Kenia (Indian ocean coast) | | ua; juwa | Sena | Sena is a Bantu language spoken in the four provinces of central Mozambique (Zambezi valley): Tete, Sofala, Zambezia and Manica | | ua | Pemba | Pemba island, Tanzania Arabic Jazirat al-Khu?rah island in the Indian Ocean, lying 35 miles (56 km) off the coast of East Africa, opposite the port of Tanga, Tanzania. | | ua | Ngulu | Ngulu is a Bantu language spoken in east-central Tanzania. | | ua | Shambala | Shambala or Shambaa is a Bantu language of Tanzania. | | ua | Pemba | Pemba island, Tanzania Arabic Jazirat al-Khu?rah island in the Indian Ocean, lying 35 miles (56 km) off the coast of East Africa, opposite the port of Tanga, Tanzania. | | ua | Zalamo | Zaramo is a Niger-Congo language, formerly primary language of the Zaramo people of eastern Tanzania. | | ua | Zigula | Zigula (Zigua, Chizigua) is a Bantu language of Tanzania and of Somalia, where it is known as Mushunguli (Mushungulu). | | ua | Vumba | Tanzania (on the Indian Ocean coast) | | ua | Ngazidja | Comoros islands (Africa) | | ua | Kamba Kenya | Kenya | | ua | Coni | Southern Kenya | | sua (ua) | Doe | Tanzania | | ua | Hadimu | Tanzania | | ua | Kutu | Tanzania | | ua | Nzwani | Nzwani (Anjouan), the language of one of the three major islands in the Comoros Archipelago | | ua (wa) | Maore | Comoros islands (Africa) | | ua | Mwani Mozambique | Mozambique | | ua | Mwimbi Muthambi | Kenya | | uha | Lamba Mbole Balanga | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | uha | Langa Mbole Bambuli | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | uho | Arigidi | (or Oge). Nigeria. | | uai | Nimboran | Nimboran (Nambrong) is a Papuan language of Indonesia spoken by mostly older adults. | | uane | Lontomba | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | udara | Jere | Nigeria | | uk'ayE | Werize | Ethiopia | | uqayE | Gawwada-Gobeze | an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Southern Ethiopia | | uqayE | Gobeze | South-West Ethiopia | | |am | |Ganda | The Ganda language, Luganda, is one of the major languages in Uganda, Africa | | !am; |amsa | G/wi | G/wi or Glui (sometimes spelled Dcui) is a Khoisan language of Botswana | | !am | Zhu|'hхasi | also known as Ju/'hoan, Agau, Kung-Tsumkwe, Xu, Xun, Kung, !Xo, Zhu'oasi, Dzu'oasi, Tsumkwe, Dobe Kung, Xaixai, Ћhu|hхasi, Ju/'hoansi (Namibia) | | |am | Hiechware | Central Khoisan family: Kalahari-Khoisan group (Africa) | | !am (lam) | ||Gana | Central Khoisan family: Kalahari-Khoisan group. | | |am | //Ani | Other known names and dialect names: Handa, Handa-Khwe, Handadam, Handakwe-Dam, Ts'exa, |Anda; Central Khoisan; Khoisan; colloquial language in Botswana, Africa | | !am; kh~a!h~a\* | Juhoan | at the border of Namibia and Botswana | | !am | Gwi | Botswana | | !am | Gxana | Botswana | | !am | Khwe | south-eastern Angola | | !kam (!xam) | Masarwa Tati | Botswana | | !on; !e\* | Nu En | Botswana | | !on | Masarwa Kakia | Botswana (Africa) | | !on | Xoon Masarwa | Northern Botswana (Africa) | | !on | Xoon Nuen | Ghanzi district of Botswana (Africa) | | !on; !e\* | Nu En | Botswana | | !7~ui\* | Nu | A language of South Africa. (?) | | !ko\*i\*; !un | Batwa | South Africa (central region) | | !ko\*i | Ng Ke | A language of South Africa. (?) | | !ko\*iN | Kam Ka Ke | South Africa | | !kom; gao | Ekoka-!Xu | Kung-ekoka or !Xu or !Kung as it is often spelled in English, is a Northern Khoisan language of Namibia, Angola, and Botswana. | | !kom | Kauen | Botswana | | !komSa | Naron | Botswana | | ε=wu | Ekiromi | Africa | | %nk~umb~i | Angolar | (also Ngola) a minority language of Sao Tome and Principe, spoken in the Southernmost towns of Sao Tome Island and sparsely along the coast. Creoles and Pidgins; Africa | | ŋwε | Grebo-Marchese | dialect of the Kru language (Liberia, Africa) | | ŋwe | Grebo-Innes | dialect of the Kru language (Liberia, Africa) | | ɲəm | Nde | Nigeria | | ʒala | Kim | The language is spoken in Southern Chad (Africa) | | ||'an | Taa | Taa, also known as !Xoo, is a Khoisan language notable for its large number of phonemes, perhaps the largest in the world. Most speakers live in Botswana, but a few hundred live in Namibia. | | kujo (kujuon) | Tieyaxo (Tigemaxo, Tieyaho) | Tieyaxo (or Boso, Bozo) is a Mande language spoken by the Bozo people, the principal fishing people of the Inner Niger Delta in Mali. | | kubu non\*\* | Jenaama Bozo-1 | Western Mande; Niger-Congo; Africa | | kubu | Bozo Jenaama | Mali (Africa) | | kubu5on | Sorogama | Sorogama (Jenaama) is a Mande language spoken by the Sorogoye people of Mali and Nigeria. | | kudyo | Ajja (Aja) | Aja is a Central Sudanic language spoken in the Southern South Sudanese province of Bahr el Ghazal and along the South Sudanese border in the Central African Republic. | | kufi | Sele | Eastern Ghana (Africa) | | ki: | Jenaama Bozo-3 | Mali, Africa | | hu:sun; usante | Boko | Eastern Mande; Niger-Congo; Africa | | hu:su; wunt~o; wusu | Bisa | Bissa is the people in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Nigeria. | | hulu | Ga | Kwa; Niger-Congo; Africa (Ghana) | | huto | Jimi | the language spoken in Nigeria. | | ho\* | Cinda | Nigeria | | hoho | Gurmana | Nigeria | | oho | Madaka | Nigeria | | oha | Shabo | Endangered isolated language spoken by 600 people in the south-western Ephiopia. | | ha | Mba | Mba, also known as (Ki)Manga or (Ki)Mbanga, is a Ubangian language spoken in DRC Congo. | | ha:llikko; oqayye | Gawwada-Gollango | an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Southern Ethiopia | | ha:llikkу; uk'ayε | Gawwada-Harso-Werize | an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Southern Ethiopia | | ha:llikko | Gawwada-Dobase | an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Southern Ethiopia | | hallikko; uqayE | Gawwada-Dalpena | Gawwada (also known as Gauwada, Gawata, Kawwad'a, Kawwada) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Southern Ethiopia. | | hE5 | Kalong | Cameroon | | ha5 (hE5) | Libie | Cameroon | | hEhila | Tungho Saisiyat | Tungho (South Saisiyat) aeaeaeo ycuea Saisiyat (a Taiwanese indigenous people), Oaeaaiu. | | heme | Sheni | the dead language in Nigeria | | hEvalE | Ndunga | Ndunga (Bondonga, Modunga, Mondugu, Mondunga) is a Ubangian language spoken in Congo. | | hin7~iCo; t'abara | Burji | Eastern Cushitic; Afro-Asiatic; Africa | | hv~olo | Kpelle Guinea | Guinea (Africa) | | hw~E | Pongu | Pongu (Pangu), or Rin, is a Kainji language spoken in Nigeria. | | hw~en | Dakarkari | (another names are Cala-Cala, Chilala, Chilela, Dakakari, Dakarkari, Dakkarkari, Kolela, Lalawa, Lela) Nigeria. | | d'hwcn | C'Lela | (Hausa family) Spoken in Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Niger, Nigeria, Sudan and Togo. | | we | Cara | spoken in some nine villages in Bassa LGA, Plateau State, Nigeria. | | we | Yula | Niger-Congo (\*). | | we | Elwana | Kenya | | awe; wil | Afi Amanda | Nigeria | | awe (?) | Afi | Southern Taraba State, Nigeria | | awE | Seze | Seze (or Sezo) is an Afro-Asiatic Omotic language, spoken in the western part of Ethiopia, near the town of Begi and just North of the Hozo-speaking community. | | owi; owa | Gikyode (Chode, Gichode, Kyode) | Ghana, Africa | | owi | Guang | Niger-Congo (\*). | | owu | Larteh | Ghana | | owi | Anyanga (Nyanga, Ginyanga?) | a Guang language of Togo (Africa). | | owi | Genyanga | Togo (Africa) | | wi: | Bwamu | Burkina Faso | | wi | Fyem | Central Nigeria (Platoid; Niger-Congo; Africa) | | owia | Fanti | the central region of Ghana | | owia | Twi Fante | Southern and central Ghana (Africa) | | awia | Twi Asante | Ashanti, Asante, or Asante Twi, is spoken by over 2.8 million Ashanti people. Ashanti (or Ashanti Twi) is one of three literary dialects of the Akan language of West Africa | | owori | Ikpeshi | Nigeria | | aw (awa) | Welamo | Ethiopia | | awa; awatera | Arbore | Arbore is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Southern Ethiopia in a few settlements of Hamer woreda near Lake Chew Bahir. Africa | | aw-a; owo | Chara | Chara (alternatively Ciara or C'ara) is an Afro-Asiatic language of the North Omotic variety spoken in Ethiopia by 13,000 people. | | awa | Awngi | an Afro-Asiatic language of the family's Cushitic branch. It's native speakers are the Awi people of Ethiopia. | | awa | Bambassi | Bambassi is an Omotic Afroasiatic language spoken in Ethiopia around the towns of Bambasi and Didessa in the area east of Asosa in Benishangul-Gumuz Region. | | awa | Dawro | Ethiopia. | | awa | Dorze | Dorze is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Gamo Gofa Zone of Ethiopia. | | a'wa | Gamo | North Omotic; Afro-Asiatic; Africa | | awa | Ganza | Ganza (also Ganzo, Koma) is an Afro-Asiatic language (Omotic), spoken in Sudan and in the western Benishangul-Gumuz region of Ethiopia, specifically in the village districts of Penishuba and Yabeldigis. | | awa | Gidicho | Ethiopia | | awa | Gofa | Ethiopia | | awa | Janjero | (or Yemsa) Ethiopia | | awa | Koyra | Mali, Central Africa | | awa | Kullo | Ethiopia | | awa | Northern Mao | Ethiopia | | awa | Oyda | Oyda is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Gamo Gofa Zone of Ethiopia. | | awa | Shinasha | Shinasha (Shinassha), also known as Boro (Borna, Bworo) is a North Omotic language spoken in western Ethiopia | | awa | Zergulla | spoken in the southwestern part of Ethiopia | | awa | Basketo | (also known as Basketto, Baskatta, Mesketo, Misketto, and Basketo-Dokka) Ethiopia | | awa | Dache | Southeastern Ethiopia | | awwa | Gatsame | Ethiopia ? | | owa | Gechode | at the border between Gana and Togo (Africa) | | owa | Lokele Yawembe | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | owo | Melo | Ethiopia | | awa7ayfiyu | Wolaytta | Wolaytta is a North Omotic language of the Ometo group spoken in the Wolayita Zone and some other parts of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region of Ethiopia. | | afa | Bade | one of the Yobe languages, Nigeria | | afa | Duwai | one of the Yobe languages, Nigeria | | afa | Ngizim | (Ngezzim, Ngizmawa) one of the Yobe languages, in the north-eastern Nigeria | | afata | West Chadic | Africa | | afats | Matal | Matal, also known as Muktele and Balda, is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Northern Cameroon. | | affat; fata | Marba | Marba is an Afro-Asiatic language that is used by the Azumeina peoples of Chad as their first language. | | fərta (f3rta) | Ga'anda | Ga'anda (also known as Gaanda, Ganda, Ga'andu, Mokar, Makwar) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken by about 10,000 people in the Adamawa state of Nigeria. | | fəta | Peve | Peve, also called Lame after its chief dialect, is an Afro-Asiatic language of Chad and Cameroon. | | fətsiya | Guduf | Biu-Mandara; Afro-Asiatic; Africa | | f3ciya | Gava | Nigeria (at the border with Cameroon) | | f3rta | Gaanda Gabin | Nigeria | | f3ta | Masana Pogo | Massa (or Masana, Masa) is a Chadic language spoken in Southern Chad and Northern Cameroon. | | f3ta | Peve Lame | Peve, also called Lame after its chief dialect, is an Afro-Asiatic language of Chad and Cameroon. | | f3te | Nzanyi | Nzanyi is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Nigeria in Adamawa State in the Maiha LGA, and along the border in Cameroon. | | f3tiy | Munjuk | a Chadic language spoken south of Lake Chad. | | fara | Hona | Hwana (also known as Hwona, Hona, Tuftera, Fiterya) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Adamawa State, Nigeria. | | fat | Baka | one of the Central Chadic languages (endangered language) spoken in the Mandara mountains of Northern Cameroun. | | fat | Kulere | Kulere (also known as Tof, Korom Boye, Akandi, Akande, Kande) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria. | | fat | Mada Cameroon | Cameroon | | fat | Mada | Mada is a regionally important Plateau language of Nigeria | | fat | Moloko (Melokwo) | the language of the people in the Mandara mountains (Northern Cameroon) | | fat | Mubi | Mubi (also known as Moubi) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in central Chad. | | fat | Mundat | Mundat is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria in the Mundat village of Bokkos LGA. | | fat | Muyang | the language of the people in the Mandara mountains (Northern Cameroon) | | fat | Ron Monguna | Ron (also known as Challa, Chala) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria. Dialects include Bokkos, Daffo-Butura (incl. Mangar), Monguna. | | fat | Tambas | Tambas (also known as Tambes, Tembis) is a West Chadic language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria. | | fat | Wuzlam | Wuzlam, also called Uldeme, Ouldeme) is an Afro-Asiatic language of the Chadic branch. It is spoken in Northern Cameroon. | | fata (fatta, fadta) | Musey | Musey is a Chadic language of Chad and Cameroon. | | fata | Central Chadic | Africa | | fata | Diri | Nigeria | | fata | Masa | The Masa languages are a group of a dozen closely related Chadic languages of West Africa. | | fata | Masana | in the western part of Chad | | fati | Karekare | one of the Yobe languages, Nigeria | | fatir | Bata Malabu | an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Nigeria in Adamawa State in the Numan, Song, Fufore and Mubi LGAs, and in Cameroon in North Province along the border with Nigeria. | | fe | Dirim | Nigeria, near the border with Cameroon | | fei | Paanci | Pa'anci is a Chadic (Afro-Asiatic) language spoken by some 20,000 Nigerians living in an area south and west of Ningi in the present Bauchi State of Nigeria. | | feka | Lendu Njawdha | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | ferta | Gabin | Eastern Nigeria (Africa) | | fet; feta | Ik | The Ik language, also known as Icetot, Icietot, Ngulak, or (derogatory) Teuso, Teuth, is one of the Kuliak languages of Northeastern Uganda (Africa) | | feta | Lame | an Afro-Asiatic language of Chad and Cameroon. | | fEtE | Sharwa | Sharwa (also known as Tchevi, Sherwin, Sarwaye) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Cameroon in Far North Province. | | fEtE7 | Tsuvan | Tsuvan (also known as Matsuvan, Motsuvan, Terki, Telaki, Teleki, Tchede) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Cameroon in Far North Province. | | fEtEn | Holma | Nigeria | | feti; futi | Musgu K | Musgu is a language of the Biu-Mandara subgroup of the Chadic languages spoken in Cameroon and Chad. | | feti | Musgu B | Northern Cameroon | | fi | Munga Doso | Nigeria (near the Camerun border) | | fi | Jen | Jen (or Dza) is an Adamawa language of Nigeria. | | fi | Lendu Djadha | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | fi | Lendu Pidha | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | fi | Lendu Tadha | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | fiana | Bankon | Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa | | fiana | Kang Barombi | Rombi (Lombi; Barombi) is a Bantu language spoken in the Meme department of the Southwest Province of southwestern Cameroon by the Barombi (Barumbi, Balombi) people. Dialects are Kang Barombi, Mbo Barombi, Mokono Barombi Kotto Barombi | | fila, ofila | Adele | (self-name is Gidire) The Adele language is spoken in central eastern Ghana and central western Togo. It belongs to the geographic group of Ghana Togo Mountain languages of the Kwa branch of Niger-Congo. | | firE | koromfe | Koromfe is a Gur language spoken in a U-shaped area around the town of Djibo, in the North of Burkina Faso and southeastern Mali, bordering Dogon Country. | | fisi | Tangale | Tangale (Tangle) is a West Chadic language spoken in Northern region of Nigeria. | | fit3k (fiti) | Vemgo Mabas | Vemgo-Mabas is an Afro-Asiatic language of Cameroon and Nigeria. | | fit3n | Jimi | Jimi (Djimi), also known as Jimjim?n and 'Um Falin, is a Chadic language spoken in Cameroon in Far North Province on the Nigerian border in and around Bourrha. Dialects are Djimi, Jimo, Malabu, Wadi, and Zumo. | | fiTe | Dghwede | Eastern Nigeria | | fiti | Lamang | Lamang (Laamang) is an Afro-Asiatic language of Nigeria. | | fiti | Zizilivakan | Zizilivakan (Ziziliveken, Ziliva, Amziriv), also known as Fali of Jilbu and Ulan Mazhilven, is a Chadic language spoken in Cameroon in Far North Province and neighboring Nigeria. | | fitik | Hdi | Northeastern Nigeria | | fiTTi | Kirfi | Kirfi (also known as Giiwo, Kirifi, Kirifawa) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Nigeria. | | fitu | Fali Muchella (Mucella) | Northeast of Nigeria (the border with Cameroon) | | fitun | Fali Bagira (Bwagira) | Northeast of Nigeria | | folo; holo | Bandi | Western Mande; Niger-Congo; Africa | | folo | Kpelle | Kpelle is a member of Mande group of Niger-Congo languages spoken by about 1.3 million people in Liberia and Guinea. | | folo | Loma | (Loghoma, Looma, Lorma) Liberia, on the border with Guinea | | folo | Mende | Sierra Leone (Africa) | | foot | Mogum | Chad | | foriy (pori) | Pero | Pero, also known as Filaya, is a West Chadic language of Nigeria. | | foto | Bacama Mulyen | Nigeria | | foto | Bata Zumu | Afro Asiatic, Chadic, Biu Mandara, Southbiu Mandara, Bata Sharwa, Bataic | | foto | Birgit | Birgit (also known as Bergit, Birgid, Berguid) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in southeastern Chad | | fri | Tunni | Tunni (also known as Af-Tunni) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken by the Tunni sub-group of the Rahanweyn Somali clan, who reside in the Lower Shebelle and Middle Juba regions in Southern Somalia. | | fu | Leelau | Nigeria | | fus | Kofyar | Kofyar is an Afro-Asiatic dialect cluster spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria. | | futa | Herde | Central African Republic | | futa | Peve Pala | an Afro-Asiatic language of Chad and Cameroon. | | futa | Zime | Mesme is an Afro-Asiatic language of Chad. Zime (Djime) is a generic name. | | futay | Mbara | Chad | | fw~ut | Saya | Saya (Sayanci) is a Chadic dialect cluster of Nigeria. | | fwoətu | Gudu | Gudu (also known as Gudo, Gutu) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Nigeria | | futi; grftila | Musgu R | Musgu is a language of the Biu-Mandara subgroup of the Chadic languages spoken in Cameroon and Chad. | | futi | Bole | Nigeria | | fuZi | Ghye | the language of the tribe at the border of Nigeria with Cameroon | | fuZi | Hya | Hya is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Northern Cameroon and neighboring regions of Nigeria. | | gufti; feti; fasa | Musgu D Plus Rd | Northern Cameroon | | ifa; ifate | Busa | Nigeria, Africa | | ifia | Mboi-2 | One of the two dialects of Mboi (Nigeria) | | iftin | Boon | Boon or Af-Boon is a nearly extinct Cushitic language spoken in Jilib District, Middle Jubba Region, Somalia. | | jira fat | Duhwa | Duhwa, or Karfa (also Kerifa, Nzuhwi) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. | | o\*fa\*tE\* | Bokobaru | Nigeria | | fishi | Gere | also called Wee, is a Kru language spoken by over 300,000 people in the Dix-Huit Montagnes and Moyen-Cavally regions of Ivory Coast | | fiTTe | Geruma | Geruma (also known as Gerema, Germa) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Nigeria. | | fara | Boga | Boga (Boka) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Adamawa State of Nigeria. | | furEy | Bacama | Bacama (Bachama) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Nigeria | | faCiya | Cineni | Cineni is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Borno State, Nigeria in the single village of Cineni. Roger Blench classified it as a dialect of Guduf-Gava. | | faciya | Glavda | Glavda (also known as Galavda, Gelebda, Glanda, Guelebda, Galvaxdaxa) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Borno State, Nigeria and in Far North Province, Cameroon. | | fy~an | Pol | Pol is a Bantu language of Cameroon. Pol proper is spoken in central Cameroon; the Pomo and Kweso dialects are spoken in Congo and the CAR near the Cameroonian border. | | fy~o | Tibea | Tibea, also known as Ngayaba, is a Bantu language spoken in three villages in Cameroon. | | fyo | Bafia Njanti | a Bantu language spoken in Cameroon | | ombe; oni | Gevove (Bubi) | Gabon, Africa. | | moni | Bubi | Bube, Bohobe, or Bube–Benga (Bobe, Bubi), is a Bantu or Bantoid language spoken by the Bubi, a Bantu people native to, and once the primary inhabitants of, Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea (Africa). | | mgb$e | Ban Ogoi | Nigeria, Africa | | i3mEr | Soddo | Semitic; Afro-Asiatic; southeastern Ephiopia | | amen | Guanche | Guanche is an extinct language, which used to be spoken by the Guanches of the Canary Islands (Spanish archipelago) until the 16th or 17th century (the language has some connection with the Berber language family) | | i5o5o | Ikakumo | Nigeria | | i7aze | Inner Mbugu Bumbuli | Tanzania | | ib | Kete Katamb | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | ido | Beria | The western part of Sudan | | idi; iTi | Mesengo | Ethiopia | | idi | Majang | The Majang language is spoken by the Majangir people of Ethiopia | | idigo | Ana Tinga Dogon | Ana Dogon, or Ana Tiŋa, is a Dogon language in Northern Mali. | | uju-ngo | Najamba | a Western Dogon language (Mali) | | udra | Birri | Central African Republic; Africa | | udugu | Tebul Ure Dogon | Mali (Africa) | | ududi; uduwa | Kwadi | Central Khoisan family (Southwestern Angola, Namibe state) | | li | Viri | Belanda Viri (Bviri, Belanda, Biri, BGamba, Gumba, Mbegumba, Mvegumba) is a Ubangian language of South Sudan. | | ilanzi (lanzi) | Fipa | Fipa is a Bantu language of Tanzania. | | ilanzi; lanzi | Nyamwanga | Mwanga, or Namwanga (Nyamwanga), is a Bantu language spoken by the Mwanga people in the Northern Province of Zambia (mainly in the districts of Isoka and Nakonde) and in Mbeya Region, Tanzania. | | ilu | Dida Lakota | Cote d'Ivoire | | ilyunsi; lyunsi | Kimbu | Kimbu is a Bantu language of Tanzania. | | ime | Mesmes | The Mesmes language is an extinct West Gurage language, one of the Ethiopian Semitic languages spoken in Ethiopia. | | Ina | Dengese | the Democratic Republic of Congo | | ini | Bembe | Congo | | ini | Lumbu Yi Tandu | Gabon | | iNaldu | El Hugeirat | Sudan | | iNNaLtu | Uncunwee | Uncunwee (also Gulfan, Uncu, Ghulfan, Wunci, Wuncimbe) is a Hill Nubian language spoken in the central Nuba Mountains in the south of Sudan. | | inuw | Korandje | Algeria (Africa) | | ipa | Indaaka | the Democratic Republic of the Congo | | itakali | Pandikeri | The Eastern Sudanic language | | caz | Dizi | North Omotic; Afro-Asiatic (Sudan - Ethiopia) | | CaZ (CaZi) | Maji | Ethiopia | | caci | Sotho Sud (South ?) | South Africa | | caci | Tswana | The Tswana or Setswana language is spoken in Southern Africa by about five million people. | | c3c3 | Wushi | Wushi (Babessi) is a Grassfields Bantu language of Cameroon. | | cece | Krobu | Krobu (Krobou) is a Tano language (Kwa, Niger-Congo) of Cote d'Ivoire. | | tsetse | Babessi | Wushi (Babessi) is a Grassfields Bantu language of Cameroon | | C7a | Hoan Huc | in southern Botswana | | CaN | Pari | the language in Southern Sudan (Africa) | | can7a | Senufo Cebaara | The Senufo or Senufic languages (Senoufo in French) has around 15 languages spoken by the Senufo in the North of Cote d'Ivoire, the south of Mali and the southwest of Burkina Faso. | | caNa (caŋa) | Mianka | Mianka (also known as Mamara, Minyanka or Tupiire) is a Northern Senufo language spoken by about 750,000 people in southeastern Mali. | | cana (tsana) | Mamara [myk] | Minyanka language of Mali, West Africa. | | caNa | Senufo Sicite | Mali | | Cepteylel | Endo | Kenya | | C'EyEt | Geto | the language in central region of Ethiopia | | c'iac | Sheko | wesrern Ethiopia | | ciNg~i; ts-ingi | Dengebu | Dengebu, also Dagik, Dagig, Thakik, Buram, Reikha, is a Niger-Congo language in the Talodi family spoken in Kordofan, Sudan | | Cirkoe | Labi | Cameroon (at the border with Chad) | | comε | Mundang-2 | Mundang is an Mbum language of Southern Chad and Northern Cameroon. | | CuE | Ndemli | Ndemli, or Bandem, is a language of Cameroon spoken primarily in the Nkam department of the Littoral Region; between Yabassi, Yingui and Nkondjock. | | cuko; kyvkon\*\* | Animere | (another names are Anyimere, Kunda) East and Central Ghana (Africa) | | cuo | Kplang | Kplang is a Guang language of Ghana (Africa). | | cu; tsu | Fang | Spoken in Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and Congo. | | cu | Modele | western Cameroon | | kausu (midday sun) | Kanuri | Spoken in the Chad, Cameroon, Niger, Nigeria, Sudan. | | ko:s (kes) | Modern Nara | Eastern Sudanic language family: Nara group | | kos | Old Nara | Eastern Sudanic language family: Nara group | | koro | Zilmamu | Ethiopia, Africa | | kor | Didinga | Eastern Sudanic language family: Surmic group | | kor | Baale | Eastern Sudanic language family: Surmic group | | ko:r | Narim | Eastern Sudanic language family: Surmic group | | kos | Zayse | the southwestern part of Ethiopia | | koso | Bussa | Bussa, or Mossiya, is a Cushitic language spoken in Southern Ethiopia. | | ko | Dijim Bwilim | Nigeria | | ikoko | Dibo | Nigeria | | oɲoko | Gwa | Gwa is one of the Southern Bantoid Jarawan languages of Nigeria. | | koko | Dadiya | Dadiya (Daadiya, Loodiya) Eastern Nigeria. | | kofe | Likpe | Ghana (at the border with Togo), Africa. | | m3s | Bada | Nigeria | | m3s | Bankala | Niger (Africa) | | m3s | Boyawa | Niger-Kordofanian, Niger-Congo; Africa | | m3s | Jarawa (in Nigeria) | (Nigeria) | | m3sa | Jaku | Nigeria | | m3sa | Labir | Nigeria | | mis3 | Lama | Togo (Africa) | | moso | Samo Matya | Samo (Sane, San, Sa) is a dialect cluster of Mande languages spoken in Burkina Faso. | | tjero (?) | Klao | Kru; Niger-Congo; Africa | | wyango | Gbari | Gbari is a Bantu language (like Lingala, Swahili or Zulu) spoken in Nigeria by about 300,000 speakers. | | wang'; chieng' | Dholuo (Luo) | Dholuo or Nilotic Kavirondo, is the eponymous dialect of the Luo group of Nilotic languages, spoken by about 6 million Luo people of Kenya and Tanzania, who occupy parts of the eastern shore of Lake Victoria and areas to the south. | | ?izi | Birgid | East Sudanic family, Nubian group. | | iz | Karka | East Sudanic family, Nubian group. | | ez (ed) | Dilling | East Sudanic family, Nubian group. | | nin-an | Ama | Eastern Sudanic language family: Nyima group | | nizi | Afitti | Eastern Sudanic language family: Nyima group | | i; kɔr | Murle | Murle (also Ajibba, Beir, Merule, Mourle, Murele, Murule) is a Nilo-Saharan Eastern Sudanic language spoken by the Murle people, spoken in the southeast of South Sudan, near the Ethiopian border. | | iŋŋaltu | Ghulfan | Nubian; Nilo-Saharan; Africa | | iʒ\*\* | Karko | Sudan | | i | Babango | Democratic Republic of the Congo (central region) | | i | Toukoulaka Bomitaba | a Bantu language in the North of the Republic of Congo. | | i | Kanio Bomitaba | Northern Congo | | i | Mbanza Bomitaba | Northern Congo | | i | Mboua Bomitaba | Congo | | i | Mokengui Bomitaba | Congo | | i\*atE\* | Boko | at the Nigeria and Benin border (Africa) | | i\*na | Shuwa | the Democratic Republic of Congo, province Kasai | | i:bande | Bidyogo-1 | Guinea and Guinea-Bissau (West Africa) | | i:ri | Merarit | Africa | | i; se | Egbuta | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | i; se | Proto-Ngiri | Equatorial Africa. Bantu family. | | io | Wali | East Sudanic family, Nubian group. | | engalto | Debri | East Sudanic family, Nubian group. | | su? | Suri (Chai) | Eastern Sudanic language family: Surmic group | | su? | Mursi | Eastern Sudanic language family: Surmic group | | su7 | Suri Chai | the language of tribe in south Sudan | | sui | Ekparabong | Nigeria, the near-border region with Cameroon | | suso | Me'en | Eastern Sudanic language family: Surmic group | | sus | Tirma (or Suri) | Ethiopia, Sudan | | suso | Meen | Ethiopia | | su:s | Kwegu | Eastern Sudanic language family: Surmic group | | sy~e | Ndok Mbali | Mbali (Olumbali, Kimbari) is a minor Bantu language of Angola | | sarafe | Ciwogai | Nigeria | | s'aXay; int'X~ay | Tigre | Tigre language is one of the Semitic languages spoken in Eritrea | | SaZ | Nao | Ethiopia | | sEgElE | Gafat | The Gafat language is an extinct South Ethiopian Semitic language that was once spoken along the Abbay River (Nile) in Ethiopia. | | seT nE; nc~eT nE | Serer Sine | Sinegal and Gambia (Africa) | | lesa; les; laS | Gidole | Southern Ethiopia | | SiSw~i | Babungo | (Vengo) Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa | | sX~aXay (s'3hay; s'eXay) | Tigrigna | Tigrinya is an Afroasiatic language of the Semitic branch. It is mainly spoken in Eritrea and Northern Ethiopia in the Horn of Africa, with around 6,915,000 total speakers. | | wawi | Majang | Eastern Sudanic language family: Surmic group | | bi:di | Aka | Eastern Sudanic language family: Jebel group | | b'i:di | Molo | Eastern Sudanic language family: Jebel group | | bi:di | Kelo | Eastern Sudanic language family: Jebel group | | bi:di | Beni Sheko | Eastern Sudanic language family: Jebel group | | tel | Gaam | Eastern Sudanic language family: Jebel group | | bisi | Avikam | Avikam is one of the Lagoon languages of Cote d'Ivoire, Africa | | bisuwi | Nigeria Bali | Bali (also known as Bibaali, Maya, Abaali, Ibaale, or Ibaali) is a Niger-Congo language spoken by 100,000 people (as of 2006) in Demsa, Adamawa, Nigeria. | | bis | Yiwom | Yiwom (Ywom), also known as Gerka or Gerkawa by the Hausa, is a Chadic (Afro-Asiatic) language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria. | | bi | Ngwi Mateko Kingoli | Congo | | vi | Kwanka | Kwanka, or Kwang, is a dialect cluster of Plateau languages in Nigeria. | | bee\*\* | Burak | Nigeria | | biji | Putai | Putai (also known as Marghi West) is a nearly extinct Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Nigeria. | | bil | Boma Nord Saio | the Democratic Republic of Congo | | bil3 | Sakata Kesha | DR Congo | | bira | Banka | Banka, or Bankagooma, is a minor Mande language of Mali. | | xallikko | Gawwada | an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Southern Ethiopia | | XaTX~ed | Somali 2 | Somali is an official language of Somalia, Somaliland, a national language in Djibouti, and a working language in the Somali Region of Ethiopia. | | xw~e | Fongbe (Fɔngbe) | Benin, the Atlantic seashore | | ye (?) | Ewe | Spoken in the Republic of Ghana and the Togolese Republic (Togo). | | yin | Beja | (Bedawi) Afro-Asiatic; Africa. The language is spoken in the western coast of the Red Sea by the Beja people. They number around two million people, and inhabit parts of Egypt, Sudan and Eritrea. | | muku | Miya | one of the West Chadic languages in nothern Nigeria | | b3Ci | Margi | Margi, also known as Marghi and Marghi Central, is a Chadic language spoken in Nigeria. | | b3l3 | Kesaa Sakata | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | ba | Luba Kasayi | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | ba | Mbangwe | Congo | | ba | Mituku | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | tali; mhi | Kukuya | The Kukuya language, Kikukuya, also known as Southern Teke, is a member of the Teke dialect continuum of the Congolese plateau. | | baangu | Cerma | Burkina Faso | | bako | Baka | Southern Cameroon (Africa) | | bako | Ngombe CAR | Central African Republic | | balaab | Joola-Fooni | Senegal and Gambia | | balay | Diola | Senegal | | banak; tinak; balay | Diola Kasa | Senegal | | banak; tinak | Jola | Gambia | | banak; tilai; Tanak | Ejamat | or Jola-Felupe (Feloup, Felup, Felupe, Floup, Flup, Fulup) Casamance region of Senegal and neighboring Guinea-Bissau | | bao | Limassa | at the border of Congo, Central African Republic and Cameroon | | bao | Monjombo | (Mondjembo, Munzombo, Mono-Jembo). Republic of Congo (Africa) | | baon | Turka | Turka (Turuka) or Curama (Cuurama, Tchourama, Tyurama), is a Gur language, which is spoken by the Turka people in Burkina Faso. | | bari | Kahe | The Kahe are an ethnic and linguistic group based southeast of Moshi in Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania. | | beeeguu (bannaa) | Tchourama | This language is spoken in Banfora, Burkina Faso. | | bele | Sakata | Sakata is a Bantu dialect cluster of DR Congo. The dialects are rather divergent: Sakata proper, Djia (Wadia), Bai (Kibay), Tuku (Ketu, Batow). | | bote | Likwala | Congo | | bu:i; bu:wi; puwi | Lafofa | Lafofa, also Tegem, is a Niger-Congo dialect cluster spoken in the Southern Nuba Mountains in the south of Sudan. | | buno: | Manjaku | (Kanyop, Mandjaque, Mandyak, Manjaca, Manjack, Manjaco, Manjaku, Manjanku, Manjiak, Mendyako, Ndyak) Guinea and Guinea-Bissau, Senegal and Gambia | | buno7 | Kasanga | Guinea-Bissau (Africa) | | bw~os | Mandi Cameroon | Cameroon | | dw~3b | Kol | Cameroon, a Niger-Congo language of the Bantu family | | g3b3 | Goundo | Southern Chad (Africa) | | gad3gy~i; usura | Gude | Biu-Mandara; Afro-Asiatic; Africa | | gamb~u | Tshwa | Tshwa (a.k.a. Tsoa, also known as Kua and Hiechware), is an East Kalahari Khoe dialect cluster spoken by several thousand people in Botswana and Zimbabwe. | | gb~ere | Kulango Bouna | Cote d'Ivoire | | gbere-ko | Kulango | Kulango is a Niger-Congo language of Cote d'Ivoire and across the border in Ghana. | | gbundu; kaolo; mani | Komo | Komo is a Nilo-Saharan language spoken by the Kwama (Komo) people of Ethiopia, Sudan and Southern Sudan. | | ge:wne | Mombo | a Dogon language spoken in Mali. | | gEvE | Nyambeengge | a Niger-Congo language. Oaio?aeuiay Africa | | gies | Kwel | Congo | | giNan | Warnang | The Warnang (a.k.a. Werni) language, is a Niger-Congo language of the Heiban family spoken in Kordofan, Sudan. | | gine | Katla | (Akalak, Kalak) - Kordofan language, spoken by Gulud and Katle peoples in the Kordofan state, at the Katle hills (Sudan, Africa). | | gine | Pare Png | (!) the central part of Papua New Guinea | | go5 | Mbule | Cameroon | | go | Besme | Southern Chad (Central Africa) | | gra | Lorhon | Lorhon, or Teen, is a Niger-Congo language of Cote d'Ivoire and across the border in Burkina Faso | | gw~i | Lopa | Lopa is a minor Kainji language of Nigeria. | | gy~3 | Mambai | Cameroon | | gwei | Berom | Central Nigeria | | gbei | Aten | The Tahoss dialect of the Berom language (Central Nigeria) | | gbei | Ogoni | Rivers State, Nigeria | | gbey; igb~ey | Iten | Central Nigeria | | gwi | Tahos | The Tahoss dialect of the Berom language (Central Nigeria) | | b'w~e | Ron-Bokkos | Ron (also known as Challa, Chala) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria. Dialects include Bokkos, Daffo-Butura (incl. Mangar), Monguna. | | gwey | Nincut | Central Nigeria | | gyes | Kwele Hakoku | Congo | | igb~e | Bakueri | (Mokpe) Southern Cameroon (at the Atlantic seashore) | | digba | Barambo | The language spoken in the Northeast of Congo (Africa). | | egw~a | Gola | Southern Atlantic; Niger-Congo; Africa | | inono; i-yawish | Ukaan | The Ukaan language, are spoken around Auga and Kakumo, directly south of Kabba near the Niger-Benue Confluence in Nigeria. There are three dialects: Auga, Ikaan, Ishe. | | eno | Idoma (Akpa, Akweya) | central Nigeria. | | enoka\*\* | Kyama | Ebrie, or Cama (Caman, Tchaman, Tsama, Tyama), is spoken in Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana. | | e; nen (nen - very approx.) | Akoose | a Northwest Bantu Language (Cameroon, Africa) | | eni\*\* | Chai | South Sudan, Africa | | enuN | Jiba | Nigeria | | en | Burun | Burun is a Nilotic language of Sudan. | | enani | Kana | Nigeria | | enyaanga (eenyiinga) | Lubukusu | Bukusu (native name: Lubukusu) is a Bantu language spoken by the Bukusu people of western Kenya | | endesaa; kyendesaa | Machame | a Bantu language spoken in parts of Tanzania | | efa; sawina | Lomongo | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | EhES | Iigau | Nigeria | | EiEd | Ennemor | Inor, sometimes called Ennemor (Innemor), is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in central Ethiopia. | | Ela | Mayogo | Mayogo (also spelled Mayugo, Majugu, Maigo, Maiko, Mayko and also called Kiyogo) is a Ubangian language spoken by the Day (Angai), Maambi, and Mangbele peoples of DR Congo. | | elim | Lukpa | Benin (Africa) | | elin | Hadiyya | Hadiyya (Hadiyigna, Adiya) is the Afroasiatic language of the Hadiya people of Ethiopia. | | elin | Libido | Libido (also known as Mareqo, Mareko) is an Afroasiatic language of Ethiopia, which is spoken in the Mareko district Gurage Zone of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region, directly south-east of Butajira. | | era | Bangba | in the Northern area of the DR Congo (Africa) | | Erit | Zway | an Afroasiatic language of the Semitic branch spoken in Ethiopia | | erumu8io | Abua | Abua (Abuan) is a Central Delta language of Nigeria. | | umi | Lere Gana | Nigeria | | uNhwin | Gyem | Nigeria | | unnZi | Fali | Northern Cameroon | | unu | Manjaca Churo | Guinea-Bissau and Senegal. | | unu | Manjaca Costa De Baixo | Guinea Bissau | | ume | Ziriya | Nigeria | | unom | Begbere Ejar | The central part of Nigeria | | unun | Kuturmi | One of the Plateau language (the centre of Nigeria) | | i-num | Hasha | One of the Plateau language (the centre of Nigeria) | | yinom | Firan | One of the Plateau language (the centre of Nigeria) | | n-ne | Rigwe | One of the Plateau language (the centre of Nigeria) | | u-num (ge-cinum) | Kulu | One of the Plateau language, Central Nigeria | | uNme | Izora | Nigeria | | onne; oroma (God) | Ake | Ake (Aike, Akye) language, spoken in four villages in Nassarawa State, Nigeria. | | oNme | Sanga | Sanga is a Kainji language of Nigeria | | Nm~ina | Dagaare | Spoken in Burkina Faso and Ghana. (Gur; Niger-Congo; Africa) | | Nm~Nme | Denya-Takamanda | a Bantoid language of Cameroon | | Nm3N | Konni | The Koma language, Konni, is a Gur language of Ghana. | | nme' | Denya-Bitieku | a Bantoid language of Cameroon | | nme | Lemoro | Nigeria | | nnmee\*\* | Denya | Denya is a Southern Bantoid language of Cameroon in the Mamfe family. | | Nmina | Dagaari Dioula | Burkina Faso (Africa) | | Nmind3 | Yom | Yom, or Pilapila, and formerly Kilir, is a Gur language of Benin. | | NminiNa | Safaliba | Safaliba is a Gur language of Ghana. | | n-nε | Irigwe | (Also known as Iregwe, Kwal, Nnerigwe, Nkarigwe, Rigwe, Nyango, Miango, Kwoll). The Rigwe language, Irigwe, is a Plateau language of Nigeria. | | Nwe | Bafia Rope | Cameroon | | NwE | Grebo | Liberia | | nwe | Kasele | (Akasele, Akaselem, Cemba, Chamba, Kamba, Tchamba) A language of Togo (Niger-Congo famely), Africa | | nwe | Reshe | Reshe is the most divergent of the Kainji languages of Nigeria. | | bwe | Run | one of the West Chadic languages | | mgbe | Eleme | Nigeria | | nwen (nw~in) | Konkomba | Ghana (Africa) | | Nw~a | Batu Anwe | Southern Taraba State, Nigeria | | nv~i | Vute Mbanjo | Vute Mbanjo is a Mambiloid language of Cameroon. | | mpfusir | Vute | Vute is a Mambiloid language of Cameroon. | | mb~i | Mbundu | Angola | | mbi | Shira | Gabon (Africa) | | mbiE | Pove | Pove (also rendered Bhubhi, Bubi, Vove) is a Bantu language of Gabon. | | dekombi | Sama | Angola, Atlantic seashore. | | omb~e | Xebia | Gabon (Africa) | | omb~e | Xebobe | Gabon (Africa) | | mi | Boma Nord Plateaux Congo | the Democratic Republic of Congo | | mi | Kekpoti | Central Cameroon | | mi | Lere Si | Nigeria | | mi[nom | Bamukumbit | a Grassfields Bantu language spoken in Cameroon. | | menno | Bamenyam | Cameroon | | kunom | Izere | One of the Plateau language in the centre of Nigeria) | | u-nom | Ganang | One of the Plateau language (the centre of Nigeria) | | onum | Nyankpa | One of the Plateau language (the centre of Nigeria) | | onwe | Jijili | The Jijili language, Tanjijili, also known as Ujijili, is a Plateau language of Nigeria. | | sh~anum | Idu | One of the Plateau language (the centre of Nigeria) | | nonu (nunu) | Temein | Eastern Sudanic language (Sudan) | | nanu? | Doni | Eastern Sudanic language (Sudan) | | nonu? | Tese | Eastern Sudanic language (Sudan) | | a:nun | Rere Koalib | Kordofanian family: Heiban group (Sudan) | | anin | Ebang | Kordofanian family: Heiban group (Sudan) | | anin | Abul | Kordofanian family: Heiban group (Sudan) | | yan | Tagoi | The Tagoi language is a Kordofanian language, closely related to Tegali, spoken near the town of Rashad in Southern Kordofan in Sudan | | Num | Nde Yulana | The language of the tribe living at the border of Cameroon and Nigeria. | | num | Bambili | in the North-Western Cameroon | | num | Ikulu | The Kulu language, Ikulu, is a Plateau language of Nigeria. | | num | Kagoma | Nigeria | | num3 | Awing | Cameroon | | nununu | Togo-Kan | Mali, Africa | | nunumu; nono | Tene Kan | Mali (near the Burkina Faso border). | | Nom | Nde Bukwok | Nigeria | | nom | Yamba | Yamba is a Grassfields language of Cameroon, with a small number of speakers in Nigeria. | | nom | Hyam | One of the Plateau language (the centre of Nigeria) | | nom | Kaje (Jju) | the native language of the Bajju people of Northern Nigeria. | | nnom | Ashe | Central Nigeria | | nnom | Gwara | Gwara is a Plateau language of Nigeria | | nnom | Itoo | Nigeria | | no | Bafut | Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa | | no | Tesu | One of the Plateau language (the centre of Nigeria) | | no | Bamenyam | in the North-Western Cameroon | | no | Etkywan | Nigeria (at the border with Cameroon) | | no | Yemba | Yemba is a major Grassfields language of Cameroon. | | no7 | Papel | Papel is the language spoken by the Papel People, who live in the central coastal regions of Guinea-Bissau, namely the Biombo Region where it is spoken by 136,000 Bissau-Guineans. | | non | Bakpinka | Nigeria | | non | Dogon Toro Tegu-Tandam-Tabi-Irwa | Africa | | nonayu | Logol | Logol, or Lukha, is a Niger-Congo language in the Heiban family spoken in the Nuba Mountains of Kordofan, Sudan. | | nonrubi | Yandang | Nigeria | | aɲín | Heiban | Heiban; Niger-Congo; Africa | | aɲiŋ | Kibet | Kibet (Kibeit, Kibeet, Kabentang) is spoken in Chad | | aɲik | Maba Kodoi | Chad and Sudan. | | aɲin | Heiban | The Heiban language, Ebang, or Abul, is a Niger-Congo language in the Heiban family spoken in Kordofan, Sudan. | | a5En | Shirumba | Sudan | | a5En | Utoro | The Utoro language (Otoro, Dhitoro, Litoro) is a Niger-Congo language in the Heiban family spoken in Kordofan, Sudan. | | a8i5an | Tiro | Tiro, also Thiro or Tira, is a Niger-Congo language in the Heiban family spoken in Kordofan, Sudan. | | a8i5ina (aðiɲiná) | Moro | Moro is a Niger-Congo language in the Heiban family spoken by the Moro people in the Nuba Mountains of Kordofan, Sudan. | | nw~ala | Jili | Nigeria | | nw~am | Katab Kagoro | Nigeria | | nw~am | Tyap | Nigeria | | nw~ana | Rubasa | central Nigeria | | Nw~ei | Bossela Bomitaba | Northern Congo | | nw~i | Mfumte | Cameroon (on the border with Nigeria) | | Nw~os | Bafia | Cameroon | | Nuos (Nues) | A53 Bafia Rikpa | a Bantu language spoken in Cameroon | | nwand~e | Waama | Waama, or Yoabu, is a Gur language of Benin. | | Nwin | Bassari (Basari) | Basari, or Oniyan is a Senegambian language of Senegal and Guinea spoken by traditional hunter-gatherers. | | ne | Bainouk Gunyaamolo | Senegal (Africa) | | ne | Bangeri Me | Bangeri Me is a Dogon language spoken in Mali. | | nE | Bangi Me | Mali (Africa) | | ne | Ngelema | Tanzania (East Africa) | | ne | Ntomba Inongo | Congo, Africa | | onE | Liliko | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | onu | Eloyi | Language, spoken in Nassarawa State, Nigeria. | | onu | Ayere | Ayere is a divergent Volta–Niger language of Nigeria, closely related only to Ahaan. | | oNw~aNe (ɔŋwa:ŋe) | Mabaan | Maban languages are spoken in Chad, the Central African Republic, Sudan (Darfur) and South Sudan | | onyo | A60 Mmaala | Cameroon | | nyo | Duli | Northern Cameroon | | nasa\*\* | Dii | (Dourou, Durru, Duru, Nyag Dii, Yag Dii, Zaa) Cameroon, Africa | | nawhan | Teshenawa | Teshenawa is an extinct Afro-Asiatic language formerly spoken in Jigawa State, Nigeria. | | nbro | Alladian | (Alladyan, Allagia, Allagian) is one of the Lagoon languages of Cote d'Ivoire (Africa). It is a Kwa language, closely related to Avikam | | ndob | Eton | Cameroon | | Ndokusu | Ewe Adangbe | Ghana (Africa) | | neg; siba | Bainounk Gujaher | Guinea Bisao (Africa) | | nEm | Ngomba | Ngomba, or Ngomba Bamileke, is a Grassfields language of Cameroon. | | nenob (enob) | Beba | Beba' (Bebadji, Mubadji) is a Grassfields Bantu language spoken in Cameroon | | nentaŋ | Nabte | Nabit (Nabt), or Nabdem (also Nabde, Nabte, Nabdam, Nabdug, Nabrug, Nabnam, Namnam), is a Gur language of Burkina Faso and Ghana. | | ninya | Kwange | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | nia\*gu | Shira Bwali | Gabon (Africa) | | nt~aNg~u | Koongo | Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kongo Central district) | | nth$aNg~u | Kibeembe | Bembe (Kibeembe) is a Bantu language of Congo-Brazzaville. | | nk~omb~e | Mpongwe | The language of an ethnic group in Gabon (Africa) | | nkaNa | Babole Dzeke | Congo | | nkaNa | Babole Impfondo | Congo | | nl~ocop | Ewondo | Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa | | nur o nur | Mankanya | Guinea Bissau | | Nyengeri | Caga Kilema | Tanzania | | oye | Mangbutu | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | oyi; əyε | Igbira | also spelled Igbirra or Ebira inhabitants of the areas Northeast and southwest of the confluence of the Niger and Benue rivers in central Nigeria. | | oyi | Kota Mekambo | Gabon (Africa) | | oyi | Mahongwe Sama | Gabon (Africa) | | oyi | Mahongwe | Gabon (Africa) | | oyi | Ngombe Likula | the Democratic Republic of Congo (?) | | oi | Balese | the Democratic Republic of Congo | | oi | Bambomba Epena | Congo | | oi | Buja Monogo Bumba | the Democratic Republic of Congo | | oi | Eleku Bonginda | Democratic Republic of the Congo, on the border with Congo | | oi | Eleku Ibenge | Democratic Republic of the Congo, on the border with Congo | | oi | Leke | Congo | | oi | Lese | Lese is a Central Sudanic language of Northeastern Congo-Kinshasa, as well as a name for the people who speak this language. | | oi | Lobala Liloka | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | oi | Mamvu | Mamvu is a Central Sudanic language of Northeastern Congo. | | oi | Zamba | Zamba (Dzamba) is a Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. | | Oi (Oyi) | Boloki Ngiri | West of Democratic Republic of the Congo (province Ecuateur) | | oa | Gikuyu | Kenya | | ober | Bench (Bencho) | (Gimira) Southern Ethiopia. Africa. | | obEr | She | west Ephiopia | | odu | Bonggi | Bonggi (Banggi) is an Austronesian language spoken in Sabah, Malaysia | | ofor | Kujarke | Chad (Africa) | | ohwE | Maxi Gbe | Benin | | oi; wusa | Zamba Bamongo | the western part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. | | wusa | Chakali | Ghana, Africa | | wuso; so | Maya Samo | Burkina Faso | | wuza | Pambia | Pambia (Apambia) is a Zande language spoken in the Northeast of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. | | wuri | Tupuri | Tupuri (or Toupouri) is a language mostly spoken in the Mayo-Kebbi Est Region of Southern Chad and in small parts of Northern Cameroon. | | wuru; wi | Laa Laa Bwamu | Burkina Faso | | wusaweise | Buja Bumba Yamoloto | the Democratic Republic of Congo | | uia; oyi | Kota | Kota is a language of the Dravidian language family with about 900 native speakers in the Nilgiri hills of Tamil Nadu state, India. | | ui | Dyan | Burkina Faso | | oyue | Abure | Abure (Aboule, Abonwa, Akaplass) is a Tano language (Kwa, Niger-Congo) spoken near Abidjan in Cote d'Ivoire | | oyuwo | Ahanta | Gana (Africa). Western region: Takoradi to Princes Town. Southwest coast. | | ovo | Okpamheri | Okpamheri (Opameri) is an Edoid language of Nigeria. | | omobaso: rE; risase; sase; yoba | Ekegusii | a Bantu language of Kenya | | loba | Oroko | Oroko, also Bakundu-Balue or Balundu-Bima, is a Bantu dialect cluster spoken in Cameroon. | | loe | Tunia | Tunia is an Adamawa language of Chad. | | lol | Koke | Chad (Africa) | | lol | Noy | Noy, or Loo, is a nearly extinct language of Chad. | | lolo | Banda Yangere | Central African Republic (West of) | | lolo | Langbasi | Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo | | lolo | Mbanza | in the Nortern area of the Democratic Republic of the Congo | | lom | Yangkam | Yankam (Yangkam), or Bashar, is a moribund Plateau language of Nigeria. | | ulom (?) | Ahwai | Ahwai is one of the Plateau languages of Nigeria. There are three mutually intelligible dialects, Ndun (Nandu), Nyeng (Ningon), and Shakara (Tari). | | ulom | Ndun | One of the Plateau language (the centre of Nigeria) | | ulom | Shakara | One of the Plateau language (the centre of Nigeria) | | ulom | Pe | Pe, also spelled Pai, is a minor Plateau language of Nigeria. | | ule | Nzakara | Nzakara (Ansakara, N'sakara, Sakara, Zakara) is a Zande language spoken in eastern Central African Republic, spilling over into the Democratic Republic of the Congo. | | ulenji | Cicipu | (Hausa family) Cicipu is a Benue-Congo language spoken in Northwest Nigeria. | | olum | Eggon | Eggon (also Egon, Ero, Mo Egon, Hill Mada, or Mada Eggon) is one of the Benue–Congo languages spoken in Nigeria. The Eggon language is spoken by a large number of people in Nassarawa State in Central Nigeria. | | olu | Igala | a Volta-Niger language. It is spoken by the Igala ethnic group of Nigeria. | | alum | Tarok | One of the Plateau language (the centre of Nigeria) | | lu | Gengle | Kugama, or Gengle, is an Adamawa language of Nigeria. | | lu | Kumba | Kumba, also known as Sate and Yofo, is an Adamawa language of Nigeria. | | lu | Mambila | at the border of Nigeria and Cameroon | | lu | Yoti | Northeastern Nigeria | | loo'aa | Iraqw | Iraqw is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Tanzania in the Arusha Region. | | olo | Banda Ndele Ngao | the Central African Republic | | olo | Banda-Ndele | the Central African Republic | | olo | Gbi | The Gbi and Dorue language, also known as Gbee or Gbi and Dorue, is similar to the Krahn dialect/language of the Niger-Congo language family. It is spoken in Northern Liberia | | olo | Kpagua | in southern Central African Republic | | lo | Adi Galo | Tibet | | lo | Banda | Central African republic (Africa) | | lo | Koro | Koro language may refer to. Koro language (India). Koro language (New Guinea). Koro language (Vanuatu). Koro language (Mande). Jilic languages (Nigeria). Koro Wachi language (Nigeria). | | lo | Mambila Atta | Mambila is a dialect chain stretching across Nigeria and Cameroon. | | lo | Ngbugu | an Ubangian language spoken in Central African Republic. | | ya:nyo | Bidyogo-2 | Guinea and Guinea-Bissau | | ya | Akpafu | a language of Ghana, Africa | | yaha | Toro | Toro, also known as Turkwam, is a Plateau language of Nigeria. | | yaka8 | Nalu | Nalu (also known as Nalou) is an Atlantic language of Guinea and Guinea-Bissau in Africa. | | yala-ka | Longuda-Jungraithmayr | Nigeria | | yane | Kusu | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | yaNg~e | Tiv | Tiv is a Southern Bantoid language spoken in Nigeria | | ayunn | Jibu | Jibu is a Jukunoid language of Nigeria. | | yantaNgwa, taNgwa | Kongo Mboma | Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kongo Central district) | | yate; yEte | Wan | Wan, or Nwa, is a Mande language of Cote d'Ivoire. Dialects are Miamu and Kemu. | | yawasa | Kela | Kela (Ikela, Okela, Lemba, Yela) is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of Congo | | ye | Eastern Karaboro | in the Southwestern region of Burkina Faso | | ye | Eho Mbo | Southern Cameroon | | yea | Dan | Dan is a Mande language spoken primarily in Cote d'Ivoire and Liberia (Africa). | | yebe | Gagu | Cote d'Ivoire | | yebe | Gbin | Gbin (Gbi) is an extinct Mande language of Cote d'Ivoire | | yehi | Batanga | This language is spoken in Cameroon. | | yen; yen-u | Gurma | Gur; Niger-Congo; Africa | | yen | Gourmanchema | Burkina Faso (Africa) | | yEnE | Mann | Liberia | | yeni | Biali | at the border betwean Burkina Faso and Benin (Africa) | | nyene (yEnE) | Mano | The Mano language (also known as Maa, Mah, and Mawe) is a significant Mande language of Liberia and Guinea. | | anaani | Tee | Nigeria | | ane | Sengele Mbelo | Sengele is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. | | nyele | Ntomba De Bikoro | Congo, Africa | | nyElE | Bolia Nsao | the Democratic Republic of Congo | | ny~al | Bedik | Senegal (Africa) | | nyam | Kwa Cameroon | Cameroon | | nyama | Nyong | Nyong (Daganyonga) is a Leko language spoken in two well-separated enclaves in Cameroon and Nigeria. | | nya | Tetela Yyondo | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | nya | Tetela | Tetela (Otetela, Kitetela, Kikitatela), also Sungu, is a Bantu language of Northern Kasai-Oriental Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. | | nyambi, nzambi | Bacongo | Angola (\*). | | nyanga; taNa | Laali Teke | Congo | | nyangou | Eshira | This language is spoken in the South of Gabon. | | nyaNgu (niaNgu) | Varama | Varama (Barama) is a Bantu language of Gabon. | | nyaNgu | Sangu (ycue naiao) | Sangu language may refer to: Sangu language (Gabon) of Gabon (also spelled Chango, Isangu, Shango, Yisangou, and Yisangu). Sangu language (Tanzania) of Tanzania (also spelled Eshisango, Kisangu, Rori, Sangu, Sango). | | nyaNgu | Vungu | Vungu, or Vumbu, is a Bantu language of Gabon. | | 5alokha; nyalaka | Longuda-Meek | Nigeria | | 5alokha | Longuda | Nigeria | | nyalaka; yalaka | Hill Dialect | Dialect of Longuda language (Nigeria) | | ny~em | Mundani | Mundani is a Southern Bantoid language of Cameroon. | | ny3 | Kucu Wela Ankutcu | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | eyia | Abron | Eastern Cote d'Ivoire | | yenu | Bimoba | Gur; Niger-Congo; Africa | | yeretE | Mwa | Mwa (Mwan, Mouan, Muan, Muana, Mona) is a Mande language of Cote d'Ivoire. | | yeso | Kako Batouri | Cameroon | | yeso | Kako | Cameroon | | yi | Lyele | The Lyele language (Lele) is spoken in the Sanguie Province of Burkina Faso | | yi | Nkami | Nkami is a Guang language of Ghana. | | yidE | Yaure | Yaure is a Mande language of Cote d'Ivoire. Dialects are Klan, Yaan, Taan, Yoo, Bhoo. | | yigidi | Nupe | Nupe is a Volta-Niger language of the Nupoid branch primarily spoken by the Nupe people of the Middle Belt region of Nigeria. | | yigw~ye | Beng | Cote d'Ivoire (Africa) | | yila | Nafaara | Nafaanra (sometimes written Nafaara) is a Senufo language spoken in Northwest Ghana, along the border with Cote d'Ivoire, east of Bondoukou. | | yili | Guro | Cote d'Ivoire | | yili | Kweni | Cote d'Ivoire (Cote d'Ivoire, Africa) | | yinu | Wapha | Wapha, or Wase after the district in which it is spoken, is a Jukunoid language of Nigeria. | | yiri | Ko Winye | Burkina Faso | | yiro | We Southern | (or - Zagna) Cote d'Ivoire (Africa) | | yitu | Ojila | (Abukeia, Avukaya) A language of South Sudan | | yl3 | Dida Yocoboue | Cote d'Ivoire | | ylo\*\* | Yocoboue | Yocoboue is also known as Guitry, Gakpa, Goudou (Gudu), and Kagwe. Cote d'Ivoire (Africa) | | ylu | Godie | Kru; Niger-Congo; Africa | | мroy | Iten | One of the Plateau language (the centre of Nigeria) | | oorun; orun | Yoruba | the Niger-Congo language spoken in Benin, Nigeria, Togo. | | eokwan (equan) | Nauruan | a Micronesian language spoken in Nauru, an island nation in the Micronesian South Pacific. It has 6,000 speakers, approximately 50% of the population. | | dzang; fai | Sirzakwai (or Warji) | West Chadic language. The Sirzakwai language is spoken in Bauchi State, Darazo LGA, Ganjuwa district, and Ningi LGA, Warji district and in Jigawa State, Birnin Kudu LGA. | | daarang | Kushi (= Goji) | one of the West Chadic languages | | yegi; yedjii | Menda | North West Province, Cameroon | | gedzii | Awi | North West Province, Cameroon | | geji | Egbeachuk | North West Province, Cameroon | | tintsi | Emuah | North West Province, Cameroon | | it7iZ | Greater Kabylia at Mangellat | Berber language in Northern Africa | | tsi | Isu | Cameroon | | tsisi | Bantakpa | Cameroon | | tsisi | Bantu | Africa | | tsisi | Kunku | Nothern Gambia (Africa) | | si | Makary Kotoko | Camerunian branch | | so | Baatonum | the language of the Bariba people of Benin and Nigeria | | soaea | Mbodomo | Camerunian branch (Gbaya-Manza-Ngbaka; Niger-Congo; Africa) | | shi.kun'umu - sunset | Yeyi | Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa | | ese; kanga | Koyo (Ekoyo, Kouyou) | Congo | | ese; isi | Ghadames | one of the berber languages at the junction of the Lybia, Tunis and Algeria borders. | | ese | Likoka | Democratic Republic of the Congo (on the border with Congo) | | ese | Mboshi Ngolo | Congo | | ese | Mboshi Olee | Congo | | eso | Gyele | Cameroon | | eSu | Boki | at the border of Nigeria and Cameroon (Africa) | | eSaragab | Mboandem | Nigeria (on the border with Cameroon) | | osoro | Akum | a Nigerian language. At least six languages are either linguistically or geographically close to Akum. These languages are: Beezen, spoken in the Cameroonian village of Kpek; Isu, a dialect of Aghem spoken in the village of Isu; Jukun (listed in ALCAM as Njikum 701), a Nigerian language spoken in Fru Bana; and the three Nigerian languages of Nsн, Lidzi, and Lisa, spoken in villages of the same names. | | saNg~e | Njwande | Southern Taraba State, Nigeria | | gwewulen | Kamino | Southern Taraba State, Nigeria | | ekwen/ekwe | Buru | Southern Taraba State, Nigeria | | ezai | Bilma Kanuri | Niger (Africa) | | eyi | Esimbi | Niger, Congo | | eyi | Kupa | Nigeria | | eyi | Oko Osanye Eni | Nigeria | | eyefi | Ega | Cote d'Ivoire (Kwa; Niger-Congo; Africa) | | mmok | Kenyang | Cameroon (Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa) | | mok | Central Kenyang | Cameroon (Africa) | | mok | Haut Kenyang | Cameroon (Africa) | | mog | Bas Kenyang | Cameroon (Africa) | | mo | Rogo | Rogo (also Urogo, Burogo, Ucanja Kamuku) is a Kainji language of Nigeria. | | Moi (Mui; mEi) | Gando | Central African Republic, on the border with Congo | | moese; moi; mwese | Lingala | The language is used in Zaire on North and south banks of Congo river. The central group of Congo zone of Bantu language family. Trere are about one million of speakers. As they say, 'Lingala language is a mediator, formed by Bobanga and Ngala languages mixing'. | | mae | Tur (Hdi) | Cameroon, Nigeria | | mamai | Gamo Ningi | Nigeria | | moi | Bene Bomitaba | Northern area of the Congo | | moi | Boleke Bomitaba | Congo | | moi | Bondeko Bomitaba | Congo | | moi | Botala Bomitaba | the Epena district of Northern Congo | | moi | Liouesso Bomitaba | in the Northern area of Congo | | moi | Matoko Bomitaba | Congo | | moi | Impfondo | Congo | | mone | Boa Abamake | on the North of the Democratic Republic of Congo | | mone | Boa Babanda | on the North of the Democratic Republic of Congo | | mone | Boa Buta | on the North of the Democratic Republic of Congo | | Mone | Lebeo | the Democratic Republic of Congo, in the Northern part of the Tshopo privince | | mone | Pagibete | Pagibete is a Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of Congo. | | mlo | Tikar Akuen | Cameroon | | mwot | A51 Bafia Tumi Tingon | The Bafia language is a Bantu language spoken by 60,000 people in Cameroon | | m3now | Bambalang | Cameroon | | manda | Himba | in Southern Angola | | omanda | Tsogo | Tsogo (Getsogo) is a Bantu language of Gabon. It is one of the principal languages of the Babongo Pygmies. | | minyeri | Barein | Chad (Africa) | | minzeri | Komiya (dialect of the Barein language) | the language in south central Chad (Africa) | | molEngi (lENg~i) | Kundu | Cameroon (Africa) | | monto\*n | Southern Birifor | Ghana, Cote d'Ivoire | | mpumtentshwi\*\* | Akanunku | Cameroon, Central Africa, Africa | | empum | Baraka | North West Province, Cameroon | | ompum | Achama | North West Province, Cameroon | | empumetche | Tanka | North West Province, Cameroon | | chue; iichfi-iyvi | Kom | Cameroon | | eoooe | Mpyemo | Camerunian branch | | ooacoa | Nomaande | Camerunian branch | | ongona | Tuki | Camerunian branch (Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa) | | pac | Mbuko | Camerunian branch | | pat | Dangla | Dangaleat (also known as Dangla, Danal, Dangal) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in central Chad. | | pat | Mabire | Central African Republic | | pat | Merey | Camerunian branch | | pat | Zulgo | Northern Cameroon | | pat | Nge | (!) Southern Laos | | pac (pats) | Mafa-Magumaz | Northern Cameroon | | pato | Bidiyo | Bidiyo (also known as Bidyo, Bidio, Bidiyo, Bidiyo-Waana, Bidiya) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in south central Chad. | | pato | Migama | Migaama (also known as Migama, Jongor, Djonkor, Dionkor, Dyongor, Djonkor About Telfane) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in central Chad. | | pats | Mafa-Matakam-Mofa | Cameroon | | pats | Mafa-Sulede | Cameroon | | pats | Mefele | Mefele is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Northern Cameroon. | | pats | Northern Mafa | Cameroon | | paya | Gidar | the language of the tribe at the Northern Cameroon | | pedi | Dass Dwat | Nigeria | | pedo | Mokulu | Mokilko, or Mukulu (also known as Gergiko, Guerguiko, Mokoulou, Djonkor Guera, Dyongor Guera, Diongor Guera, Jonkor-Gera), is a Chadic language spoken in central Chad. | | piCi | Wamdiu | Nigeria | | puCi | Hildi | Northern Nigeria | | puCi | Kwaami | The Kwaami language (also known as Komawa, Kwam, Kwamanchi, Kwami, or Kwom) is a West Chadic language spoken in Bauchi State, Nigeria, near the city of Gombe. | | p3Ci | Kilba (Huba) | Nigeria | | pisi | Gera | Gera (also known as Gerawa) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Nigeria. | | pizi | Galambu | Galambu (also known as Galambi, Galambe, Galembi) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Nigeria. | | pido | Saba | Saba is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in south central Chad. | | piji | Kubi | Nigeria | | pila | Proto-Togo | Africa | | pio | Sokoro | Sokoro is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in central Chad. | | pis (bis) | Sakun (Sukur) | Spoken in Cameroon, Niger, Nigeria. | | pis | Goemai | West Chadic; Afro-Asiatic; Africa | | pas | Cuvok | Cuvok is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Northern Cameroon. | | pas | Mofu | an Chadic language spoken in Northern Cameroon. | | pas | Mofu-Gudur | Mofu-Gudur, or South Mofu, is an Chadic language spoken in Northern Cameroon. | | pit | Polci Buli | Nigeria | | piTada | Pajade | Pajade (Badyara) is a Senegambian language of Guinea and Guinea-Bissau. | | pite | Dyarim | Central Nigeria | | pite | Zul | One of the West Chadic languages mainly spoken in Zul village near Zaranda Mountain in Nigeria. | | putE | Polci Zul | Nigeria | | pute | Aka Kol | The Kol were one of the indigenous peoples of the Andaman Islands (India). | | pute | Oko Juwoi | The Juwoi language, Oko-Juwoi (also Junoi), is an extinct Great Andamanese language, of the Central group. It was spoken in the west central and southwest interior of Middle Andaman. | | pute\*\* | Dira | Burkina Faso? Africa. | | pus | Shall | spoken in Shall village in Bauchi State, Central Nigeria. | | pus | Zwall | spoken in Lere district, Central Nigeria. | | pus | Miship | Nigeria | | pus | Mupun | Nigeria | | pus | Chip | eastern regions of Nigeria | | pus | Ngas | Ngas, or Angas, is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria. | | pori | Kanakuru | (or Dera), is a West Chadic language of Nigeria. | | poti | Maaka (Maha) | A language of north-easter Nigeria | | poti | Bole | one of the Yobe languages, Nigeria | | p-u:wi | Tegem | Tegem, also Jebel Tekeim, is a Niger-Congo language spoken in Kordofan, Sudan. | | puwu | El Amira | Amira, also Jebel el Amira, is a Niger-Congo language spoken in Kordofan, Sudan. | | pu | Adangme | Adangme (also called Dangme), is a Kwa language spoken in south-eastern Ghana by 800,000 people. | | pud'iyo | Ubi | Ubi (also known as Oubi) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in central Chad. | | pandE | Bom Sierra Leone | Sierra Leone (Africa) | | pa | Dompo | Ghana, Africa | | pa | Bodo | East of Central African Republic | | paleN | Kissi (Kisi) | Northern Kissi spoken in Guinea and Sierra Leone. Southern Kissi spoken in Liberia and Sierra Leone. | | passar | Meidob Nubian | Sudan | | passar | Meidob | Meidob (also spelt Midob) is the language of the Midob people of North Darfur, Sudan. | | epeni | Gonja | Ghana, Africa | | epepe | Ibani | Nigeria | | pidii | Polci | Nigeria | | pw~os | Bonek | Cameroon | | pyon | Kwa Nigeria | Nigeria | | pri | Bura | in the north-eastern part of Nigeria | | t-εŋən | Ko (Winye) | Gur; Niger-Congo; Africa | | tεle | Numu | The Jogo or Numu languages are at least a pair of closely related Mande languages, Ligbi of Ghana and the extinct Tonjon of Cote d'Ivoire. | | th~aNg~u | Beembe | Congo | | th~e | Central Koma | South Sudan (Upper Nile province) | | TiNg~i | Jomang | Northern Sudan | | TiNg~i | Nding | Nding is an extinct Niger-Congo language in the Talodi family of Kordofan, Sudan. | | TiNg~i | Tocho | Tocho (Tacho) is a Niger-Congo language in the Talodi family spoken in Kordofan, Sudan. | | tjini (Cini) | Lumun | Northern Sudan | | tiri | Ruumbu Kimwaansa | Congo (Africa) | | Tiro | Glio Oubi | Cote d'Ivoire (on the border with Liberia) | | tre | Kanikakan | Cote d'Ivoire, Africa | | Tru | Wobe | Wobe (Ouobe) is a Kru language spoken in Cote d'Ivoire. | | tyeli; muji | Fumu | Congo | | Ti; T3 | Nyangi | Once spoken in Uganda. | | ti | Lendu | The Lendu, or Balendru, are an ethno-linguistic agriculturalist group residing in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo in the area west and Northwest of Lake Albert, specifically the Ituri Region of Orientale Province. | | tiloo (tili) | Mandinka | The Mandinka language (Mandingo) is one of the Mande languages spoken by millions of Mandinka people in Mali, Senegal, Gambia, Guinea and Cote d'Ivoire. | | tle | Jula Vehiculaire | Cote d'Ivoire | | tili | Xasonke | a language spoken by the Khassonke of western Mali and by the Malinke of eastern Senegal. Kassonke is a national language in Mali. | | tili | Xaasongaxango | Xaasongaxango is a Manding-West language spoken on the border of Mali and Senegal. | | tili | Maninkakan Kita | in the Southwestern Mali (Africa) | | tile | Bambara [bam] | Major language of Mali, West Africa. | | tilo; ley | Balanta Ganja | Guinea Bassau (Western Africa) | | ley; tilo | Ganja | Fganja (Ganja). A separate language from Balanta-Kentohe in Guinea-Bissau. | | lella | Bua | The Bua language is spoken North of the Chari River around Korbol and Gabil in Chad (Africa). | | lem | Tapshin | the Sur language, spoken in Tapshin village in Bauchi State, Nigeria. | | lemi | Kesukuma | Tanzania | | lere | Yamdena | Yamdena is an Austronesian language of the Maluku Islands in Indonesia. | | letu | Burunge | Southern Cushitic; Afro-Asiatic; Africa | | wil (?) | Amanda | Southern Taraba State, Nigeria | | wintoxo; windiga; wEnde; sore | Mooré (Moore) | Burkina Faso | | noyn; woyn | Songhay of Hombori | (Humburi Senni) Burkina Faso, West Africa | | wuntana | Dagbani | (wuntoju - archaic form of wuntaia); a Gur language spoken in Ghana | | wunto | Kamara | Ghana (Africa) | | wuntENE | Mampruli | Mamprusi is a Gur language spoken in Northern Ghana by the Mamprusi people. | | wont~aNa; wunte:ŋa | Frafra | Frafra or Farefare, also known as Gurene, is the language of the Frafra people of Northern Ghana, particularly the Upper East Region, and Southern Burkina Faso. (Other names and dialects are Booni, Gudeni, Gudenne, Gurne, Gurune, Naani, Nankana, Nankani, Nankanse, Talene, Talensi, Talni, Zuadeni). | | wayno, wayna | Zarma | Language specific to Niger (Songhay; Nilo-Saharan; Africa) | | wayna | Tasawaq | Tasawaq (Tuareg name: Tesawaq), sometimes also called Ingelshi, is a Northern Songhay language spoken by the Issawaghan (or Ingalkoyyu), a community surrounding the town of Ingal in Niger. | | woyna; woynow | Koroboro Senni | Mali (Africa) | | w\*oynE | Tondi Songway Kiini | Tondi Songway Kiini is a variety of Southern Songhai spoken in several villages in the area of Kikara, Mali, about 120 km west of Hombori. | | woyne | Koyra Chiini | Spoken in Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger. (Songhay; Nilo-Saharan; Africa) | | woynE | Djenne Chiini | Mali (Africa) | | wayni | Tadaksahak | The Dawsahak language, Tadaksahak (also Daoussahak, Dausahaq) is a Songhay language spoken by the pastoralist Idaksahak of the Menaka area of Mali. | | weyno | Dendi | Dendi is a Songhay language used as a trade language across Northern Benin | | we\*nE | Ninkare | Burkina Faso | | wende | Notre | Ghana ot Benin (?) | | we, webu, wia | Kassem | Burkina Faso | | wia | Sissala | Burkina Faso | | wu | Dwang | Ghana (Africa) | | wu | Gupa Abawa | Nigeria | | wuln-; wuntan-a | Dagbani | Dagbani (Dagbane), also known as Dagbanli and Dagbanle, is a Gur language spoken in Ghana. | | wuluŋu | Hanga | Ghana (Africa) | | wulu | Geme | Geme is a Zande language spoken in two small villages of the Central African Republic. | | welgwan | Afi/Amanda | Southern Taraba State, Nigeria | | ewu | Akpes | Akpes is a dialect cluster spoken in Nigeria that forms a branch of the Volta–Niger languages; Benue-Congo family | | ewu | Akunnu | Nigeria, Africa | | anw~u | Igbo Onitsha | Nigeria | | a5anw~u | Echie | the Echie language, spoken in Southern Nigeria. | | ewu | Akunuu Akpes | Benue-Congo family: Akpes group | | ewu | Ekiromi Akpes | Benue-Congo family: Akpes group | | ewu | Kakanda | Nigeria | | evi | Ikpana | Logba is a Kwa language spoken in the south-eastern Ghana by approximately 7,500 people. | | evonlen | Esan | Nigeria | | ewe | Ajagbe | (Aja) Benin (in South-western area), Togo (in South-eastern area). | | ewe | Mina | This language is spoken in the South of Benin, Ghana and Togo. | | ewe; 3wo; x3 | Kotafon Gbe | Benin (Africa) | | ewi | Gua-1 | Ghana ? | | Ewir | Ikaan | Nigeria | | EwiS | Isheu | Nigeria | | EwiS | Iyinno | Nigeria | | ewui; εwi | Gua | Gua (Gwa) is a Guang language spoken by 180,000 in coastal Ghana. | | Ewui | Hill Guang | Ghana (Africa) | | ewuTen | Mbembe | Mbembe is a Cross River language of Nigeria. | | ojw~i; ewi | Awutu | Awutu is a Guang language spoken by 180,000 in coastal Ghana. | | ojw~i | Efutu | Ghana, at the Atlantic seashore | | oji | Kota Mandungwe | Gabon (Africa) | | uva | Isukha | the Democratic Republic of the Congo | | uva | Tikuu | Tanzania (at the Indian ocean seashore in front of Zanzibar island) | | uvo; oren | Urhobo | Urhobo is one of the Edoid languages and is spoken by the Urhobo people of Southern Nigeria. | | uvon | Epie | Nigeria | | uw; u'w-a | Kunama-Ilit | a divergent variety of Kunama (western Eritrea) | | uw | Ilit | Eritrea (Africa) | | uwa; b'a | Lengola | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | uwa; katE | Kiluba | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | uwa | Kimatengo | Tanzania | | uwa | Machame | Tanzania | | uwa | Mbukushu | in the Eastern area of Namibia | | uwa | Mwani | Mozambique | | uwa | Mwera | Tanzania | | uwey | Rukul | Barkul village in Plateau State, Nigeria | | uwi | Horom | a Plateau language of Nigeria. | | uwienu | Mbelime | Mbelime, or Niende, is a Gur language of Benin. | | weNu (wenji) | Nateni | Nateni (Natemba) is a language of the Gurma people spoken in Benin. | | uwoi | Janji | Nigeria | | u-ye | Gangam | Ngangam (Gangam) is a language of the Gurma people spoken in Togo and Benin. | | uye | Shau | Shau (Sho), or Lishau, is a nearly extinct Kainji language of Nigeria. | | uyuen | Iguta | Nigeria | | vəcəya | Wandala | Wandala, also Mandara or Mura', is an Afro-Asiatic language of Cameroon and Nigeria. | | v3Ci (vewci) | Psikye-Higi Kamale | Nigeria and North Western Cameroon | | v3Ci | Fali Gili | Northeast of Nigeria (the border with Cameroon) | | v3Ci | Fali Kiriya | Northeast of Nigeria (the border with Cameroon) | | v3Ci | Futu | the language at the Eastern Nigeria | | v3Ci | Kamale | at the border between Nigeria and Cameroon | | v3Ci | Kamwe-Fali Gili | Nigeria | | v3Ci | Kamwe-Higi Futu | Nigeria | | v3Ci | Kamwe-Higi-Nkafa | Nigeria | | v3Ci | Nkafa | Nigeria | | wese; wese soe | Ngbaka | Africa | | wese | Bokoto | Central African republic | | wese | Gbaya Bozoum | Central African republic | | wese | Gbeya Bossangoa | Gbaya-Manza-Ngbaka; Niger-Congo; Africa | | wese | Gbeya | Gbaya-Manza-Ngbaka; Niger-Congo; Africa | | wese | Kara Bodoe | the language of the tribe in the West of Central African Republic | | wese | Manza | Central African Republic | | wese | Mboshi Bunji | Congo | | wese | Ngbaka Manza | Central African Republic | | wese | Yaayuwee | (Northwest Gbaya) Cameroon (Africa) | | wasa | Mbesa | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | viCi | Bazza | Nigeria | | viCi | Kamwe-Fali Kiria | Nigeria | | viCi | Kamwe-Higi-Baza | Nigeria | | v3n (n3; bv3n); tyal | Lwel Kilori | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | bv3n | Dzing Bisey | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | bv3n | Dzing Sedzo | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | bvan (bvEn) | Dzing | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | ??? | Bina | Cameroon (at the Atlantic coast) | | vE | Ikposo | Togo (Africa) | | vena | Ngz (?) | Congo ??? Africa | | vi-an | Eton | Eton, or Iton, is a Bantu language spoken by the Eton people of Cameroon | | vian | Ewondo | Ewondo or Kolo is the language of the Ewondo people (more precisely Beti be Kolo or simply Kolo-Beti) of Cameroon. | | vian | Mengisa | Cameroon (Africa) | | viE | Fang Meke | Central region of Gabon (Africa) | | Vina | Mbingi | the Democratic Republic of Congo, province Kasai | | vivat | Fyer | Fyer (also known as Fier) is a West Chadic language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria. | | vuŋwasə | Mbu' | Mbu', or Ajumbu, is a Southern Bantoid language of Cameroon. | | vun | Ding | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | vuna (dwa) | Tiene | Tiene (Tiini), or Tende, is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of Congo. | | vya; wya | Baoule | the Niger-Congo family of languages | | wya (vya) | Baule | Cote d'Ivoire (Africa) | | vyE | Fang Souanke | Central region of Gabon (Africa) | | vyEn | Fang Ntumu | Central region of Gabon (Africa) | | vyn | Dzing Kaantsa | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | vyosa | Sekiyani | Equatorial Guinea, Gabon | | w? | Koshin | Koshin is a Southern Bantoid language of Cameroon | | w3 | Kasem | Burkina Faso | | wa; mezi ba iba | Mwini | Tanzania | | wa | Lokele Yepoloma | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | wa | Lolo | Mozambique | | wane; bo5ElE | Bolia | Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa | | wane | Bira | on the East of the Democratic Republic of Congo (on the border with Uganda) | | wani | Bira Miala Bunia | on the East of the Democratic Republic of Congo (on the border with Uganda) | | wani | Bira Sedzabo | on the East of the Democratic Republic of Congo (on the border with Uganda) | | war | Tewa Deing | The Tewa language is spoken in seven Pueblos in the Southwest United States. There are six Tewa speaking Pueblos in the Rio Grande Valley of New Mexico consisting of Nambe, Ohkay Owingeh, Pojoaque, Santa Clara, San Ildefonso and Tesuque. | | wElgw~an | Afi Amanda | Cameroun | | wE\*i\* | Pana | Pana is an Mbum language of the Central African Republic. | | wey | Mansoanka | Guinea Bissau | | wei | Bakole | Cameroon (at the Atlantic seashore) | | wei | Duala | Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa | | wei | Epena Bomitaba | Nothern Congo | | wei | Ibolo Bambomba Bomitaba | Congo | | wei | Itanga Bomitaba | Congo | | wei | Koundoumou Bambomba Bomitaba | Congo | | wi; windi | Gula Iro (self-name Kulaal) | in southern Chad | | wi | Natioro | Natioro (Natyoro), or Koo'ra, is a Niger-Congo language of Burkina Faso spoken by a caste of blacksmiths. | | wi | Tutrugbu | spoken in the Volta Region of Ghana | | wia | Sisaala Tumulung | Sisaala (Sissala) is a Gur language cluster spoken in Ghana near the town of Tumu and in the neighbouring republic of Burkina Faso. | | wini | Zoombo 2 | Northern Angola | | winiN | Kusaal | Kusaal, or Kusasi (Qusasi), is a Gur language spoken primarily in Northern Ghana. | | dy~ugan; too-kun; wingin | Gadang | Gadang is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in southwestern Chad. | | wira (?) | Kikuyu | (Gikuyu) is a language of the Bantu family in central region of Kenya. | | wi-ri | Lobi | Lobi (also Miwa and Lobiri) is a Gur language of Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana. | | wis3 | Bu | Cameroun | | wisE7 | Paasaal | Paasaal, or Pasaale Sisaala (Southern Sisaala) is a Gur language of Ghana, with a thousand speakers in Cote d'Ivoire. | | wisi | Kabiye | Togo (Africa) | | wise; wo | Bu | Bu-Ninkada (Ibut, Abu, Jida) is a Plateau language of Nigeria. | | wiye | Wara | Wara is an alternative name for either of these two Niger-Congo languages of Burkina Faso: Samwe language. Paleni language. | | wo | Mundabli | Mundabli is a Southern Bantoid language of Cameroon. | | wos | Nyokon | The Nyokon language, also known as Nyo'o, is a Southern Bantoid language of Cameroon. | | wos | Yambeta | Yambeta is a Southern Bantoid language of Cameroon. | | wo li | Bomu | This language is spoken in Mali (near the border with Burkina Faso) | | wuo | Cung | Cung (Chung) is a dialect of an Eastern Beboid language of Cameroon. | | d'hwcn | C'Lela | Nigeria | | taba | Gabri | the Tandjile Region of Chad. | | taNli | Ipulo | Ipulo, or Assumbo, is a Tivoid language of Cameroon. The rather divergent dialects are Olulu and Tinta/Etongo. | | tabəra | Mser | Mser, or Kousseri (Kuseri), is a moribund Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Northern Cameroon and southwestern Chad. | | tari | Mbede | (also Ambede, Limbede, Mbere and Mbete) Bantu language in Congo, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon | | tari | Mbede—Gabon | Bantu language (Gabon, Africa) | | tari | Nduumo Kuya | Gabon (Africa) | | tari | Ndumu | Nduumo (Mindumbu) is a Bantu language spoken in Gabon. | | tal | Boghom | Boghom (also known as Bogghom, Bohom, Burom, Burum, Burrum, Burma, Borrom, Boghorom, Bokiyim) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria. | | tele | Gbelebankakan | North-western region of Ivory Coast (Africa) | | tele | Bodugukakan | North-western region of Ivory Coast (Africa) | | tele | Folokakan | North-western region of Ivory Coast (Africa) | | tali | Mbamba Liweme (Lembaamba, Mbaama, Mbama, Mbamba, Obamba) | Congo (Africa) | | tali; muyi | Mbamba | Gabon (Africa) | | tali | Mbamba Sibiti | Congo (Africa) | | tali | Ndouba | Congo ? | | tali | Nkomo Kelle | Congo ? | | tali | Nkomo Ololi | Congo ? | | tali | Ntsiami | Congo ? | | tali | Obaa | Congo ? | | tali | Obeli | Congo ? | | tali | Oyabi | Congo ? | | tali | Oyuomi Mbama | Mbaama (Lembaamba) is a Bantu language spoken in the Bambama District (Lekoumou Region) of the Republic of Congo and in Haut-Ogooue Province, south of Okondja, in Gabon by the Obamba people. (?) | | tali | Oyuomi Tcherre | Congo ? | | tali | Yaba Mbeti | Cuvette-Ouest Department, Republic of the Congo | | tali | Sakata Kibai | DR Congo | | tali | Teke Omvula | in the South of the Congo | | mhi; tali | Kukuya | Congo | | tale | Ligbi | Ligbi (or Ligby) is a Mande language spoken in Ghana in the North-west corner of the Brong-Ahafo Region. Ligbi is spoken by approximately 10,000 speakers (1988). It is fairly closely related to Jula, Vai and Kono. | | tala | Ngungwel | Ngungwel (also known as Engungwel, Ngangoulou, Ngangulu, Ngungulu, Northeastern Teke) is a language of Congo. | | tal | Boghom | Nigeria | | tal | Kir Balar | Nigeria | | tal | Mangas | Nigeria | | ital | Nzadi | Nzadi is a Bantu language spoken in Congo. | | itaN | Bushong | Bushong (Bushoong) is a Bantu language of the Kasai region of Democratic Republic of the Congo. | | taj | Kete Ipila | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | taj | Salampasu | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | tam | Mono | Mono language (Congo), a Ubangian language spoken by 65,000 people in the Democratic Republic of Congo Mono language (Cameroon) | | tam3z3 | Manta | Manta (Anta, Banta) is a Grassfields language of Cameroon. | | taN | Ngongo | Southern Democratic Republic of Congo. | | tang | Yanz Kibongo | a Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of Congo | | tang | Tsambaan Yanz | Democratic Republic Congo | | taNg~o (taNo) | Ndonga | Ndonga, also called Oshindonga, is a Bantu language spoken in Namibia and parts of Angola. | | taNg~o | Yaka Sud | The South-western area of Democratic Republic of the Congo | | taNk~u; taNw~a | Yaka | Yaka, also spelled Iaca and Iyaka, is a Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Angola. | | taNu | Yaka Pelende | the Democratic Republic of Congo | | tangu | Sonde Feshi | the Democratic Republic of the Congo | | tangu | Tsaangi | Tsaangi (Tsangui) is a Bantu language spoken in Gabon and the Republic of Congo. | | tangu | Zoombo | Congo | | tangu | Ibongo | Congo | | tangu | Kongo Manyanga | Congo | | tangu | Mbagani | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | tangu | Kunyi | Congo | | tangu | Lumbu | Gabon | | tangu; taNwa | Lwalwa | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | tangu; muimi, imi (ini) | Laadi | Congo | | Tango (taNgu) | Lele Luhileel | the Democratic Republic of Congo | | tangu; gwisi; gwisi diumbi | Punu | Punu is a Bantu language spoken in Gabon | | tenya | Sonde Gisoondi | The South-West of the Democratic Republic of the Congo | | tangwa | Sonde Kiluwa | The South-West of the Democratic Republic of the Congo | | tangwa | Kongo San Salvador | Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kongo Central district) | | tangwa | Suku | Suku is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. | | tangwa | Mbunda Gangela | West of Zambia | | taNgw$a; Ng~amb~a | Yaka Yaf | the Democratic Republic of Congo | | tankwa (taNgwa) | Wongo | Wongo is a Bantu language in Kasai-Occidental Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. | | dangwa | Kwezo | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | tangwa | Ciokwe | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | taNw~a | Ngangela | Angola | | taNwa | Ilebo | the Democratic Republic of Congo | | toNga (tonka); wE\*sE | Sake | Shake (Sake) is an undocumented and threatened Bantu language spoken in Gabon. | | tond~E | Bakossi | Cameroon | | taga | Kari | at the border of Central African Republic and Democratic Republic of the Congo | | litadi; tadi; yi | Duma | Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Gabon, Africa | | tadi | Ndasa | Ndasa is a Bantu language spoken in Gabon and the Congo. | | cuba; danga; jani; tadi; tango; tanya | Proto-Bantu | Africa | | tanya; tangwa | Mbunda | West of Zambia | | tanga (tang) | Mput | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | taNga | Kwambi | North of Namibia | | ntangu | Kikongo | Kongo or Kikongo is one of the Bantu languages and is spoken by the Kongo and Ndundu people living in the tropical forests of the Democratic Republic of the Congo | | ntangu | Kituba | Creoles and Pidgins; other; Africa | | ta ngu | Hangala | Congo | | taN; taNa | Hungana | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | taN | Mbuun Labaempi | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | taN | Mbuun Mwilanbong | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | taN | Mpiin 2 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | TanNa | Senoufo Supyire | Supyire, or Suppire, is a Senufo language spoken in the Sikasso Region of southeastern Mali and in adjoining regions of Cote d'Ivoire, where it is known as Shempire (Syenpire). | | tAnnga | Bangi | The Bangi language, or Bobangi, is a relative and main lexical source of the Lingala language spoken in central Africa. Dialects of the language are spoken on both sides of the Ubangi and Congo Rivers. | | taNu | Bembe 2 | Congo | | taci; suyi; usa | Wumbvu | Wumbvu (Wumvu) is a Bantu language spoken in Gabon and the Congo. | | suy | Lamnso' | Nso (Lamnso) is the language of the Nso people of western Cameroon. | | Suy | Lamnsoq | Cameroon | | ta | Sakata Kutu | DR Congo | | ta; muani | Yanz | Yans (Yanzi) is a Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of Congo | | taZ | Kete | Kete is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. | | ta | Yanz Kiyey | a Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of Congo | | ta | Yanz Kumakuma | a Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of Congo | | ta | Gule (a.k.a. Anej) | (Nilo-Saharan language) Sudan | | ta | Bayot | Guinea Bissau (Western Africa) | | ta | Langa | Ethiopia | | To; jo | Mashi | Mashi (Kamaxi), or Kwandu, is a Bantu language of Zambia and Angola. | | To | Mashi Nigeria | Nigeria | | Tob | Basaa | Cameroon | | Tol | Nkim | Southeastern Nigeria | | Tolo | Bassa | Liberia (Africa) | | otot | Tunen | The Nen language, Tunen (Banen), is a Southern Bantoid language of Cameroon. | | otyo | Sewe | Cameroon, Africa. | | oTowi; ɔcwe | Krachi | Krachi (Krache, Krakye) is a Guang language spoken by 58,000 in Ghana. | | towi (towe) | Nchumuru | Ghana (Africa) | | ouwe | Foodo | a Guang language spoken in and around the town of Semere in the North of Benin (Africa). | | Cyowi | Tchumbuli | Benin (Africa) | | avaCa | Jina | Jina (Zina) is a minor Afro-Asiatic language of Cameroon. | | axaCo | Birale (Birayle) | Birale (a.k.a. Ongota), a moribund language of Southwest Ethiopia | | ayi | Buduma | Biu-Mandara; Afro-Asiatic; Africa | | ayro | Afar | Afar is a Cushitic language spoken in Ethiopia, Djibouti and Eritrea | | nag3; wuna:yi | Biafada | Northern Atlantic; Niger-Congo; Africa | | okobu (?) | Fanya | Fania, Fagnan; also called Kulaale) is the Adamawa language in Chad (Africa). | | kàdi | Gulay | Gulay (Gulai, Gulei) is a Bongo-Bagirmi language of Chad. | | k3Nal | Kanuri | in the North-Eastern area of Nigeria | | ka | Lala-Roba | Lala-Roba (a.k.a. Gworam) is an Adamawa language of Nigeria. Its name is a compound of two of its dialects, Lala (Lalla), Roba (Robba), and Ebode. | | kad | Dagba | Central African Republic | | kad3 (kadi) | Mbai | Mbai, or Mbay, is a Bongo-Bagirmi language of Chad and the Central African Republic. | | kad3; kadi | Bediondo | Chad (Africa) | | kadi | Mango (??) | Chad, Africa | | kad3 | Bejond | Central African Republic | | kada | Bongo | South Sudan | | kada | Horo | Chad (Africa) | | kada | Modo (Jur Modo) | South Sudan | | kada; sbabo | Bongo (Bungu; Dor) | Bongo-Bagirmi; Nilo-Saharan; Southern Sudan, Africa | | kaddy$a | Formona | at the border of Chad and Sudan | | kadeo siNoi | Gulay | Southern Chad | | kadja | Kara | a language in Northern part of CAR (Africa) | | kadra | Baka Sudan | The South Sudan | | kadra | Gula Sara | Northern part of the Central African Republic | | kadra | Gula Zura | Central African Republic | | kadra | Sara | Southern Chad | | kodru | Fongoro | Fongoro is a minor Central Sudanic language at the junction of the borders of the Central African republic, Chad and Sudan | | kw~adru (kw~odru) | Gula Mere | The Northern province of the Central African Republic | | kw~Era (kw~ara) | Xamtanga | Xamtanga (also Agawinya, Khamtanga, Simt'anga, Xamir, Xamta) is a Central Cushitic language spoken in Ethiopia by the Xamir people. | | kw~ara | Proto-Northern-Agaw | Ethiopia | | kwara | Kemant | Central Cushitic; Afro-Asiatic; Africa | | kw~ara | Bilen | The Bilen language is spoken by the Bilen people in and around the city of Keren in Eritrea and Kassala in eastern Sudan | | kw~ara | Bilin | Eritrea (Eastern Africa) | | kw~o | Bozo Hainyaho | Mali (Africa) | | kaja | Gula | There are several African languages called Gula: Three closely related Bua languages in Southern Chad. Two less closely related Bongo-Baguirmi languages: Gula language (Chad). | | kaja | Kaba Deme Sara | in southern Chad | | kaja | Kabadem | the Central African Republic | | kadi (kad3) | Gor | Chad | | kaja | Na Chad | The Southern Chad (Africa) | | kaja | Sara Kaba Naa | Southern Chad | | kaja | Yulu | a Central Sudanic language spoken by the Yulu people of South Sudan and the Central African Republic (CAR). | | kala; kaya | Kwama | Kwama (also Afan Mao, Amam, Gogwama, Goma, Gwama, Koma of Asosa, Nokanoka, North Koma, T'wa Kwama, Takwama) is a Koman language, spoken in the South Benishangul-Gumuz region of Ethiopia | | kaya | Northern Koma | Ethiopia | | kayaNa | Bago Kusuntu | Togo (Western Africa) | | kala | Kuwaa | The Kuwaa language, also known as Belle, Belleh, Kowaao, and Kwaa, is a Kru language of the Niger-Congo language family. | | kala7 | Southern Koma | The Koma language is a member of the Duru branch of Savanna languages of Cameroon. | | kaliku (kaliko) | Tsamai | Tsamai (also known as Ts'amay, S'amai, Tamaha, Tsamako, Tsamakko, Bago S'amakk-Ulo) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Ethiopia. | | keteN (keteŋ) | Landuma | Sierra Leone (Africa) | | keteN | Landoma | Guinea (Africa) | | kh~itaN | Bebe | Bebe, or Naami, is an Eastern Beboid language of Cameroon. | | kia (kya) | Dogoso | at the Southern area of Burkina Faso | | kine | Tima | Tima, also known as Domorik or Lomorik, is a Katla language spoken by the Tima people of Sudan. | | kitu | Agi | South Sudan. | | kitu | Kediru | South Sudan | | kitu | Lakamadi | South Sudan (Africa) | | kitu | Miza | South Sudan | | kitu | Logo | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | kitu | Wadi | South Sudan | | kiye | Soninke [snk] | language of Mali, West Africa. | | ko- pl.; ya:nu\*\*; n-o:ko\*\* | Bidyogo-Wilson | Guinea and Guinea-Bissau | | kp~iro | Viemo | Vyemo (Viemo), a.k.a. Vige, Vigue, Vigye, is a language of Burkina Faso | | εhwεbε | Ikwere | Ikwere (Ikwerre) is a language spoken primarily by the Ikwerre people who inhabit Rivers State, Nigeria. | | kuari | N Tairora | Australia and Oceania | | kura; ui'ya | Kunama | Kunama is spoken by the Kunama people of western Eritrea and just across the Ethiopian border. | | kurah3 | Zoe | Brazil | | kuwa | Siwu | Siwu is spoken in the mountainous central part of the Volta Region of Ghana. | | kara | Bile | Bile is one of the Southern Bantoid Jarawan languages of Nigeria. | | kara | Beele | Nigeria | | kar | Ngambay | Ngambay is one of the major languages spoken by Sara people in southwestern Chad, Northeastern Cameroon and eastern Nigeria | | kamkara | Naba Kuka | Naba is a Nilo-Saharan language spoken by 300,000 people in Chad. Those who speak this language are called Lisi, a collective name for three closely associated ethnic groups, the Bilala, the Kuka and the Medogo. | | kare | Kaba | Chad and the Central African Republic. | | kare | Kabba | in the Northwestern Central African Republic | | ukare ana | Kudu Camo | Nigeria | | kasa | Mser | Northern Cameroon | | kaSo | To | To is an unclassified Mbum language of Northern Cameroon and the Central African Republic. | | kaT; kaTa | Bagirmi | (also Baguirmi) is the language of the Baguirmi people in the Southwestern Chad, belonging to the Nilo-Saharan family. | | kaTan | Sinyar | Shemya is the language of the Sinyar people. It is a Central Sudanic language spoken in Chad and formerly in Darfur, Sudan. | | kaza | Ndoka | CAR (Africa) | | kaza | Furu | Furu is a Central Sudanic language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. | | kaza | Gula Car | the Northern area of the CAR (Africa) | | kEm | Kamba | Bantoid; Niger-Congo; Africa | | ken | Eregba | Africa | | ken | Kpan | Nigeria | | kera | Zaambo | Nigeria | | kanga | Koyo Ehambe Makua | Congo | | Kanga | Koyo Zwe | Congo | | kangal | Kanembu | Kanembu is a Nilo-Saharan language spoken in Chad by the Kanembu people. | | kongal | Manga | a Kanuri language of Eastern Niger | | kantuen; we\*n; we\*nbiri | Buli | A Gur language spoken in Ghana | | kaNw | East Limba | The Limba language, Hulimba, is an erstwhile Atlantic language of Sierra Leone. It is not closely related to other languages and appears to form its own branch of the Niger-Congo family. | | ula | Momi | Nigeria | | la \* | Tenyer | Syer-Tenyer, or Western Karaboro, is a pair of Senufo dialects of Burkina Faso. | | la | Ngbandi | Ngbandi are the languages of Ngbandi people, widespread in the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo. | | la\* | Yakouba | Ivory Coast (Africa) | | la | Ngbaka Kpala | the Central African Republic | | la | Ngbaka Pendi | Niger-Congo; Africa | | la | Sango | Sango (also spelled Sangho) is a creole language in the Central African Republic and the primary language spoken in the country. | | la | Yakoma | Yakoma people, an ethnic group mainly living in the Central African Republic. Yakoma language, spoken by the Yakoma people and others. | | l3 | Nizaa | Suga, also known as Galim, Nyemnyem, and Nizaa, is a Mambiloid language of Cameroon. | | l3mu | Bwe | The Sino-Tibetan family | | l3juwai | Bengru Hruso | North-West part of India | | lay | Diola Fogny | Language spoken in Senegal (Northern Atlantic; Niger-Congo; Africa) | | lεta | Komso | Komso (Konso, Khonso, also Af Kareti, Afa Karatti, Conso, Gato, Karate, Kareti) is a Lowland East Cushitic language spoken in southwest Ethiopia. | | lab | Wamey | Wamey (Meyny), or Konyagi (Conhague, Coniagui, Koniagui), is a Senegambian language of Senegal and Guinea. | | ldama | Sampur | Kenya | | le:hn | Balanta | Balanta is a Bak language of west Africa spoken by the Balanta people.(?) | | leku; nego; neiko | Mangbetu | Mangbetu, or Nemangbetu, is one of the most populous of the Central Sudanic languages. It is spoken by the Mangbetu people of Northeastern Congo. | | neiko | Asoa | Asoa (also known as Asua, Asuae, Asuati, Aka), is a Central Sudanic language spoken by the Mbuti Pygmies known as the Asua. | | l-iŋεn (liNEn); gy~E | Laru | Laru (Laro, also Shen) is a minor Kainji language of Nigeria. | | liNEn | Laru Sudan | Nothern Sudan | | liwule | Avatime | Kwa; Niger-Congo; Africa (West Central Ghana) | | liyuva; juva | Gciriku | Gciriku or Dciriku (Diriku) or Dirico (in Angola), also known as Manyo or Rumanyo, is a Bantu language spoken by 305,000 people along the Okavango River in Namibia, where it is a national language, in Botswana, and in Angola. | | lula | Lua Niellim | Chad | | lw~i | Kpasham | Nigeria | | lyowa | Isanzu | Tanzania | | echekira | Mbembe | Nigeria | | erein | Mein | the language of the Niger Delta, Nigeria | | tsa:ka, addo | Dahalo | Kenya (Southern Cushitic; Afro-Asiatic; Africa) | | atshiwi\*\*; hyaNg~a | Bum | Bantu language of Cameroon | | atyi | Qhalaxarzi (Kgalagadi) | Kgalagadi is one of the Bantu languages spoken in Botswana, along the South African border and in Namibia. | | te; ti | Korokakan | the language of the tribe in the North-Western Cote d'Ivoire (Africa) | | te | Bolon | Bolon is a Manding language of Burkina Faso. | | te | Finangakan | the language of the tribe in the North-Western Cote d'Ivoire (Africa) | | te | Kono | The Kono language is a language spoken in Sierra Leone by the Kono people. | | te | Marka | Burkina Faso (on the border with Mali | | te | Mauka | West of Cote d'Ivoire (Africa) | | te | Maukakan | West of Cote d'Ivoire | | te | Sanga | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | te | Tenengakan | the language in the Northwestern part of the Cote d'Ivoire (Africa) | | te | Vai | The Vai language, also called Vy or Gallinas, is a Mande language spoken by the Vai people in Liberia and in Sierra Leone. | | tedi | Ndjabi | Gabon (Africa) | | tedi | Iwum Wuumbu Sud Teke | in the South of the Congo | | T'EhEd | Argobba | Argobba is spoken by about 40,000 people in an area North-east of Addis Ababa in Ethiopia. It is a member of the Southern branch of Semitic languages and has four main dialects: Harar (extinct), Aliyu Amba, Shewa Robit and Shonke. | | tekeli | Luluba | Alternate names: Lolubo, Luluba, Lulubo, Olu'bo, Olubogo, Oluboti, Ondoe. Where spoken: South Sudan. | | tEl | Ingassana | Sudan | | tElE | Jeri Kuo | Cote d'Ivoire (Africa) | | tele | Kuranko | Sierra-Leone (Africa) | | tele | Lele | Democratic Republic of the Congo, a Bantu language. | | tele | Malinke | Southwestern Mali (Africa) | | tElE | Mfinu Kifulunga | at the western part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo | | tele | Mixifore | Guinea (Africa) | | tele | Nowolokakan | Cote d'Ivoire (Africa) | | tele | Tudugukakan | Northern-Western Cote d'Ivoire (Africa) | | tele | Vandugukakan | Northern-Western Cote d'Ivoire (Africa) | | tele | Western Maninkakan | Western Maninkakan is a Manding language spoken in Senegal, Gambia and Mali. | | telee | Vai | Niger-Congo language family | | teli | Jeri | Jeri is a Mande language of Cote d'Ivoire and Burkina Faso. | | tEN3n | Ko1 | Sudan (near the South Sudan border) | | tent~e7 | Uduk | Uduk, also known as Tw'ampa, is a Koman language spoken in Sudan near the border with Ethiopia. | | tEr | Iwum Wuumbu | Congo | | tere | Baralakakan | the language of the tribe in the North-Western Ivory Coast (Africa) | | tere | Jula de Kong | Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire | | tere | Karanjankan | North-western Cote d'Ivoire (Africa) | | tEre | Konyanka Maninka | Guinea (Africa) | | tere | Korokan | Cote d'Ivoire, Africa | | tere | Koyagakan | Alternate names: Koya, Koyaa, Koyaga, Koyaga Jula, Koyaka, Koyara. Cote d'Ivoire, Africa | | tere | Nigbikan | Cote d'Ivoire, Africa | | tere | Sagakakan | Cote d'Ivoire, Africa | | tere | Siakakan | Cote d'Ivoire, Africa | | tere | Sienkokakan | North-western Cote d'Ivoire (Africa) | | tere | Wojenekakan | North-western Cote d'Ivoire (Africa) | | tezo | Yaaku | Yaaku (also known as Mukogodo, Mogogodo, Mukoquodo, Siegu, Yaakua, Ndorobo) is an endangered Afroasiatic language spoken in Kenya. | | 3kojo | Ogbronuagum | Ogbronuagum, also called Bukuma after a village in which it is spoken, is a Central Delta language of Nigeria. | | 3N | Jumjum | Jumjum, a Nilotic language. The people live in the Upper Nile Province (Africa) | | 3rho | Duka | North-western Nigeria | | 3rh~o | Ror | North-western Nigeria | | 3T3Z3; zy\*\* | Babanki | Babanki, or Kejom (Kidzem), is a Grassfields Bantu language of Cameroon. | | 3yat (T'et) | Chaha | Ethiopia | | T'et | Masqan | The Ethiopian Semitic language (Ethiopia) | | teTwi | Balo | Cameroon | | 5v~u | Limbum | Limbum is a Grassfields language of Cameroon, with a small number of speakers in Nigeria. | | 5inu | Hone | Nigeria | | 5ogo | Peere | Peere language a.k.a. Kutin language: Kutin is a member of the Duru branch of Savanna languages. (Nigeria, Cameroon) | | 5op | Nubaca | a Southern Bantoid language of Cameroon. | | 5oyo | Longto | Cameroon | | 5w~o7 | Twumwu | Cameroon | | e-lova-lo-va | Bakweri | one of the Bantu languages in Southern part of Africa | | ghe | Awe | Niger-Congo (or Brizilia?) | | giru | Gbe | Niger-Congo (\*) The Gbe languages form a cluster of about twenty related languages stretching across the area between eastern Ghana and western Nigeria | | hue | Fon | Niger-Congo (\*). | | gur; gwer; gwur | Berik | Tor; Tor-Orya; Asia | | bven | Lori | the language of one of Iran’s major ethnic groups, spoken by five million people over the length of the Zagros range, forming a linguistic continuum between Kurdish and Persian. | | ormozd | Zebaki | Spoken in Afghanistan, Pakistan | | mwuu | Taungthu | Myanmar (Burma) | | wan.2 | Aiton | The Tai Aiton language is spoken in Assam, India (in the Dhonsiri Valley and the south bank of the Brahmaputra). | | wan | Khamti | Myanmar | | wan | Songkhla Thai | Songkhla is one of the Southern provinces of Thailand. | | wan | Tai | Thai, Central Thai, or Siamese, is the national and official language of Thailand and the first language of the Thai people and the vast majority of Thai Chinese. | | wan | Shan | Spoken in the Union of Myanmar (Burma) and Thailand. | | ha\*y | Nyakur | The Nyah Kur language is an Austroasiatic language spoken by a remnant of the Mon people of Dvaravati, the Nyah Kur people, who live in present-day Thailand. | | ave | Maga | Taiwan | | ave | Maga Rukai | Taiwan | | van | Dehong Tai Nuea | the south-east China | | van | Laha | Laha is a Kra language spoken by approximately 1,400 people out of a total population of 5,686 Laha. It is spoken in Lao Cai and Son La provinces, Vietnam. | | van | Maguan Tai | The Southern China (on the border with Vietnam) | | van | Mangshi Tai | the South of China | | van | Wuding Tai | the South of China | | vh~an | Paha | Paha (or Baha) is a Kra language spoken in Northern Guangnan County, Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan (Eeoae), Southern China. | | an ph~a van | Nung | Nung language may refer to: Nung language (Sino-Tibetan), a Nungish language. Nung language (Tai), a Tai language. | | vaN hi | Naga Phom | Northeastern India. | | waNhi | Konyak | India, the Assam state | | waN hi | Naga Konyak | Konyak is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken by the Konyak people of Nagaland, Northeastern India. | | mv3 | Kayan | Myanmar (Burma) | | vE | Lvchun Tai | in the South of China (at the border with Vietnam) | | vei3 | Baonuo | Southern China | | veino | Baonao | China | | vh~o\* | Lachi | Northern Vietnam (near the China border). | | th~ini | Chantyal | Bodic; Sino-Tibetan; Asia | | khue; metshax | Weicheng | China | | mecaq xkhua\*\*; mone\*\*; pha\*\* | Luhua | Dialect of the Northern Qiang language, China, Tibet | | mujuq; mesaq; mesi; pha | Yadu | dialect of the Northern Qiang language, China, Tibet | | mujaq; fa | Weigu | Dialect of the Northern Qiang language, China, Tibet | | mesi (mEsi, men3) | Qiang Mianchi | Sichuan Province, China | | meqi | Huilong | China | | mes3 | Qiang Puxi | Sichuan Province, China | | mes3 | Stodsde | the language of the people in central part of China | | misa | Hrangkhol | Northern-eastern India | | muci | Qiang Longxi | Sichuan Province, China | | memi (m3mi) | Lisu | Lisu is a tonal Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Yunnan (southwestern China), Northern Burma (Myanmar), and Thailand and a small part of India. | | mene | Koro India | Northern-eastern India | | lunu | Diandongbei | China | | lo-yi-du | Tanxi Tujia | Tanxi Tujia is a Tibeto-Burman language, spoken in China. | | taunkau | Numao | China | | alaqanei | Northern Pa-Hug | China | | ne-pi | Dali | (the (Southern) dialect of Bai language) Dali Prefecture within Yunnan province of China | | yi-pi | Jianchuan | (the (Central) dialect of Bai language) Jianchuan County, Yunnan province of China | | h3Si | Talysh | The Talysh language is a Northwestern Iranian language spoken in the Northern regions of the Iranian provinces of Gilan and Ardabil | | do5i | Bengni | North-West part of India | | doni | Mising | North-easter India | | doni | Na India | North-easter India | | doni (?) | Miri | Miri language can refer to: 1) Mishing language (Plains Miri); 2) a variety of Waitaka language | | duN5i | Boga'er Luoba | (a.k.a. Abhor, Abor, Lhoba, Luoba). Arunachal Pradesh state: East, West, and Upper Siang districts, Upper Subansiri and Dibang Valley districts; Assam state: Assam valley North hills, between Bhutan and Buruli rivers. | | duN5i | Bokar | Eastern India | | duo5i | Douyu Bangni | Himalayas (at the border of China with India) | | danyi | Apatani | Arunachal Pradesh, North-east India. Tani; Sino-Tibetan; Asia | | da5i | tanii | Apatani (Apa Tani, Tanii) is a Tani language of India. | | dan; huray | Dungra Bhil | India, Gujarat state | | dε:t | Dong | The Kam language, also known as Gam, or in Chinese, Dong or Tung-Chia, is the language of the Dong people. | | dewta; diya dewta | Nihali | The isolated language in western-central part of India (Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra). | | dh~e\*o\* | Jammun | Gurdaspur district, Punjab, India | | dilaCa | Oroqen | Oroqen is a Northern Tungusic language spoken in China. | | donbabo | Malvi | India | | enda | Chenchu | India, the Andhra Pradesh state | | id3m | Tani | Sino-Tibetan language spoken mostly in Arunachal Pradesh, India | | eNi | Naga Lotha | Northeastern India. | | e:ga | Kott | spoken in the Yenisei River region of central Siberia | | eya | Arin | spoken in the Yenisei River region of central Siberia | | hix-em | Pumpokol | spoken in the Yenisei River region of central Siberia | | xig-a | YEN (proto language ?) | spoken in the Yenisei River region of central Siberia | | ziat-hau | Wenchang Hainase | The Sino-Tibetan family: China | | mi-t'e | Jian'ou Chinese | The Sino-Tibetan family: China | | t'ai | Standard Chinese | The Sino-Tibetan family: China | | minh~on | Bunu | the language of the people at the island of Vietnam | | muNhn3N | Bisu | Burmese-Lolo; Sino-Tibetan; Asia | | mun; mun dze\*\*; pha\*\* | Luoxiang | China | | mun | Mawo Qiang | China | | min | Kaman | Arunachal Pradesh state (in the North-Eastern India) | | min | Miju Mishmi | Miju (Miju Mishmi, Midzu) or Kaman (Geman, Geman Deng, Kuman), is a small language of India and slightly into China. | | mi | Karen Pwo Eastern | at the border of Myanmar and Tailand | | mi7 | Karen Pwo Western | at the border of Myanmar and Tailand | | mini; muni | Lahu | Myanmar | | yi-pi | Jianchuan | The Sino-Tibetan family: Baic group | | ne-pi | Dali | The Sino-Tibetan family: Baic group | | naw | Duogu Tujia | The Sino-Tibetan family: Tujia group | | naw (naw-ci) | Dianfang Tujia | The Sino-Tibetan family: Tujia group | | no-dou | Boluo Tujia | The Sino-Tibetan family: Tujia group | | lo-yi-du | Tanxi Tujia | The Sino-Tibetan family: Tujia group | | temo | Eastern Kayah Li | The Sino-Tibetan family: Karenic group | | te-mo | Kayah Li (Eastern) | Karen; Sino-Tibetan; Asia | | le-mu | Karen (Bwe) | Karen languages are spoken in lower Myanmar (Burma) and on the borders of Thailand | | le-mu | Karen (Geba) | Karen; Sino-Tibetan; Asia | | lemu | Bwe Karen | The Sino-Tibetan family: Karenic group | | lemu | Geba Karen | The Sino-Tibetan family: Karenic group | | lu mo | Karen Manumanaw | Sino-Tibetan language family: Karenic group | | lu mu | Karenbyu | Sino-Tibetan language family: Karenic group | | lv mu | Yinbaw | Myanmar | | law | Tasha (Qixin) Tujia | The Tujia language is a language spoken natively by the Tujia people in south-central China. | | la3; pei | Bugan | Bugan, Bogan, Pakan, or Bugeng is an Austroasiatic language. in some villages in Southern Guangnan and Northern Xichou, Yunnan Province, Southern China. | | lai qa | Paliu | Southern China | | qa ??? | Paliu Lai | The Bolyu language also known as Paliu, Palyu, or Lai is an Austroasiatic language of the Pakanic branch, China. | | lao | Tujia | Tujia is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in China (North-western Hunan Province and south Hubei Province) by about 70,000 people. Nearly all Tujia speakers are bilingual in some dialect of Chinese and many young Tujia prefer to use Chinese when communicating among themselves. | | laoch~i; lao | Northern Tujia | a language spoken natively by the Tujia people in south-central China. | | la.2 lu.1 | Moji-Gelao | China | | lu; vu | A'ou | Red Gelao (self-designation: A-ou), together with White Gelao (giw), Green Gelao (giq), and Gao Gelao (gqu), forms the Gelao subgroup of Tai-Kadai (China). Endangered language. | | luvu | Niupo Gelao | China | | lavuaN | Jinchang White Lachi | China and in Northern Vietnam. | | la7lu | Judu Gelao | China | | lai mik | Naga Maram | Northeastern India | | lakvan | Maonan | The Maonan language is spoken mainly in Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County, Hechi, Northern Guangxi by the Maonan people. (China) | | lakvan | Maonan-Xianan | China | | likth~au | Fuzhou Chinese | China, at the seashore of Taiwan Channel | | locz~mo | Sani Yi | Sani is one of the Loloish languages spoken by the Yi people of China. | | logaN | Hayu | Nepal | | loNaiNi | Bumang | Southern China (at the Vietnam border) | | lonpa | Sampang | Nepal | | saso | 'Are'are (Ma'asupa) | Solomon Islands | | sato | Lau | Solomon Islands | | sato | Sa'a | Solomon Islands | | saso | 'Are'are (Ma'asupa) | Solomon Islands | | rato | 'Are'are (Waiahaa) | Austronesian language family, Solomon Islands | | aso | Northeast Ambae | Indonesia (Papua) | | aso | Rotuma | Rotuma is a Fijian dependency, consisting of Rotuma Island and nearby islands. The island group is home to a small but unique indigenous ethnic group which constitutes a recognizable minority within the population of Fiji, known as 'Rotumans'. | | eo | Bare'e | Indonesia (Sulawesi) | | eo | Sedoa | Sedoa is a language of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. | | eo | Moma | Sulawesi island (Indonesia) | | eo | Sindue Tawaili | Central Sulawesi | | agew | Kankanaey | Philippines | | kolo | Watubela | Indonesia (Maluku) | | leo | Erai | Indonesia (Papua) | | lera | Leti | Indonesia (Maluku) | | lere | Yamdena | Indonesia (Maluku) | | lera | Fordata | Central Malayo-Polynesian; Austronesian; Asia | | lara | Aru | Indonesia (\*) | | lara | Alor | The Alor–Pantar languages are a family of clearly related Papuan languages spoken on islands of the Alor archipelago near Timor in Southern Indonesia. | | lara | Alor—Barahusa—Kabir | Southern Indonesia | | lara | Alor—Kalabahi | Southern Indonesia | | laru | Dobel | Indonesia (Maluku) | | liro | Bimanese | Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) | | endo | Tontemboan | Indonesia (Sulawesi) | | lom | Gidra | a Papuan language of New Guinea. | | lom | Abam | a Papuan language of New Guinea. | | lom | Dorogori | Dorogori is in Papua New Guinea and is nearby to Dorogor, Peawa and Kauruti. | | lom | Kuru | a Papuan language of New Guinea. | | lom | Peawa | a Papuan language of New Guinea. | | lomkoNga | Podari | a Papuan language of New Guinea. | | lom koNga | Ume | a Papuan language of New Guinea. | | lom konga | Zim | a Papuan language of New Guinea. | | lom koNga | Iamega | a Papuan language of New Guinea. | | lom koNga | Kapal | a Papuan language of New Guinea. | | lom koNga | Wipi Wipim | a Papuan language of New Guinea | | gʌŋgal; lom konga | Wipi | Wipi, also known as Gidra, Jibu or Oriomo, is a Papuan language of New Guinea. | | kom koNga | Wonie | a Papuan language of New Guinea. | | kom kh~oNka | Gamaewe | a Papuan language of New Guinea. | | goNgal | Guiam | a Papuan language of New Guinea. | | lam kogal | Yuta | a Papuan language of New Guinea. | | kw~o | Kelinga | Kalinga is a dialect continuum of Kalinga Province in the Philippines | | kedaw | Tboli | Philippines | | asa | Rotuman | Austronesian language family. Rotuman | | healo; olo | Mono-Alu | Mono, or Alu, is an Oceanic language of Solomon Islands reported in 1999 to be spoken by 660 people on Treasury Island (Mono proper), 2,270 on Shortland Island (Alu dialect) | | 5awi | Wembawemba (Wemba Wemba) | Pama-Nyungan; Australian; Australia & Oceania | | 5aui | Djadjala | an indigenous Australian language | | ne; ni | Huli | Huli is a Trans–New Guinea language spoken by the Huli people of the Southern Highlands province of Papua New Guinea. | | 5a; ɲə | Iatmul-Brugnowi-Korogo | East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea | | 5a | Nyaura | Papua New Guinea | | ɲə | Iatmul-Nyaura | Nyaura (Western) Papua New Guinea | | ɲa | Iatmul | Middle Sepik; Sepik; Papua New Guinea | | ʌrʌ (3r3) | Faita | or Kulsab (Papua New Guinea). | | 5a | Wosera | Papua New Guinea | | 5a | Yengoru | The Ndu language family (Sepik District, New Guinea). | | 5a | Boikin | Papua New Guinea | | 5a | Kwusaun | Papua New Guinea | | 5amp | Mandi Papuang | Papua New Guinea | | 5a | Maprik | Papua New Guinea | | 5a | Ngala | Papua New Guinea | | 5a; na | Boiken | Middle Sepik; Sepik; Australia & Oceania | | 5ant~aN | Kenaboi | Malaysia | | ketinge | Eipomek | Mek; Trans-New Guinea; Asia | | tekenentai | Abaga | Abaga is a nearly extinct Kalam language of Papua New Guinea. It appears to be related to Kamono and Yagaria. | | ngusit | Awara | Awara is one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea (Morobe Province). It is part of a dialect chain with Wantoat, but in only 60–70% lexically similar. | | ngusit | Awara-Wantoat | one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea | | ngusit | Awara-Wapu-Leron | one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea | | wizi | Vagala | West African Language | | usi | Saruga | Saruga is a Madang language of Papua New Guinea. | | izi, idi | Binandere | Binanderean; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania | | izi | Aeka | A language of Papua New Guinea | | izi | Kumfutu | Cameroon | | izi | Birked | West of Sudan (Africa) | | izi | Hunjara-Kaina Ke | Trans-New Guinea | | iri; izi; kako; rako | Baruga | Baruga, also known ambiguously as Bareji, is a Papuan language spoken in Oro Province (Papua New Guinea). There are four dialects: Bareji, Mado, Nuclear Baruga, Tafota Baruga | | kako | Na | ??? | | paparo | Tafota Baruga | Tafota Baruga, (one of four dialects of Bagura) is a Papuan language spoken in Oro Province (Papua New Guinea). The four rather divergent dialects are Tafota, Daghoro, Bareji, Mado. | | 'iji | Korafe | Binanderean; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania | | iji | Gaina (Bareji Dialect) | Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania | | iji | Gaina (Karoto Dialect) | Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania | | iki | Momuna | Momuna; Trans-New Guinea; Asia | | iji | Orokaiva | Binanderean; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania | | iji; tani | Mambare River | Papua New Guinea | | iji | Korafe Yegha | Papua New Guinea | | neta; niki; nita | Kyaka Enga | Papua New Guinea | | nika; yw~a | Kwanga | Papua New Guinea | | caut ika; tsaut; tsaut ika | Monumbo | Monumbo is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. | | niki | Kapauri | Papua (Indonesia) | | niki | Kapore | Indonesia ? | | iki (?) | Momina | Indonesia. | | i; pi | Iwam | a language of Papua New Guinea. | | i;nʌp | Moresada | Moresada is a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | i | Asaro'o-Morafo | Asaro'o, or Morafa, is one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea. | | i | Molet Kasu | Papua New Guinea. | | i | Molet Mur | Papua New Guinea. | | sowo | Aghu | Awju-Dumut Trans-New Guinea, Asia | | owo | Gelao Laozhai | Nothern Vietnam | | wota | Agi | Agi is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea. | | wo | Ansus | Indonesia. The east side of Geelvink Bay, in a single village which has a majority of Ansus speakers. | | wo | Serui-laut | Serui-Laut, or Arui, is an Austronesian language spoken on Serui Island of the Ambai Islands, in Western New Guinea, Indonesia. | | wo | Wadapi Laut | West New Guinea | | wo | Woi | Woi is a Malayo-Polynesian language of Papua, Indonesia. | | wo | Yeri | Yeri is an endangered Torricelli language spoken in Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea, about 40 km south-southeast of Aitape. | | wo | Ambai | South Halmahera - West New Guinea; Austronesian; Asia | | wo | Papuma | Papuma is an Eastern Malayo-Polynesian language spoken in Papua Province of Western New Guinea, Northeastern Indonesia. | | wo | Pom | Pom is an Eastern Malayo-Polynesian language spoken on Miosnum Island in Cenderawasih Bay west of Serui Island, in Papua Province of Western New Guinea, Northeastern Indonesia. | | wonak | Dedua | Dedua is a Papuan language spoken in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. | | wopli | Elkei | Elkei (Olkoi) Papua New Guinea. | | wabilu | Laeko-Libuat | Laeko, or Laeko-Libuat (pronounced Limbuat), is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea. | | wabli (wopli) | Dia | Dia (Alu, Galu, Metru) is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea. | | wadiya; wadi | Sawila | Sawila, or Tanglapui, is a Papuan language of the Alor Archipelago. | | wadiya | Kula | Indonesia | | wor | Munggui | Munggui is an Austronesian language spoken in Papua Province of Western New Guinea, Northeastern Indonesia. | | worom | Wanuma | Wanuma (or Usan). Papua New Guinea. Region. Madang Province. | | wosi | Baibai | Baibai is one of two Fas languages of Papua New Guinea. | | was | Sar Indonesia | Indonesia | | was | Western Pantar | a Papuan language spoken in the western part of Pantar island in the Alor archipelago of Indonesia. | | was | Lamma Mauta Tubal | Indonesia | | wasbi7aN | Kawa | Indonesia | | wota | Agi Agei | Papua New Guinea (?) | | woy | Gresi | Papua (Indonesia) | | woy | Kemtuik | Kemtuik (Kamtuk) is a Papuan language of Indonesia. It is very close to Gresi. | | woy | Mlap | Papua New Guinea | | woi | Mekwei-Kendate | Mekwei (Menggwei) is a Papuan language of Indonesia. | | woi | Mekwei-Wabron | a Papuan language of Indonesia. | | ofo | Aimele | Aimele, or Kware, is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. | | of; opo | Kaluli | Bosavi; Bosavi; Australia & Oceania | | obo; opo | Kasua | Kasua is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. | | of | Sunia | Papua New Guinea | | avgwo | Akoye | Akoye, also known as Lohiki or Maihiri (Mai-Hea-Ri), is an Angan language of Papua New Guinea. | | wayaN | Musak | Papua New Guinea | | wayan | Apali | Apali (Apal), or Emerum, is a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. Aki (Aci) is a dialect. | | wayamu | Yaben | Papua New Guinea | | kw~ai (kuai) | Fayu-Sehudate | a Lakes Plain language of Papua Province, Indonesia | | ve | Barai | Koiarian; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania | | hewa | Duna | Duna; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania | | hawe | Saketa | Indonesia | | hawe | Wosi | the New Guinea (Indonesia) | | mwak | Amal | A language of Papua New Guinea | | phie | Arawum | Arawum is a nearly extinct Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | inapa | Anamgura | Anamgura (Anamuxra), or Ikundun, is a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | inala | Iamalele | Papua New Guinea | | an | Likum | Papua New Guinea | | an | Lindrou | Papua New Guinea | | an | Drehet | Papua New Guinea | | na | Ambulas | Middle Sepik; Sepik; Australia & Oceania | | na | Linngithigh | Linngithigh (Liningitij) is an extinct Paman language formerly spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia | | na | Wutung | Wutung (Udung) is a Skou language of Papua New Guinea which is spoken in the villages of Wutung and Sangke. | | na:ði | Kenati | Papua New Guinea. | | nai7 | Iniai | Papua New Guinea | | nana | Gwahatike | Gwahatike (also called Dahating or Gwatike) is a language generally classified in the Warup branch of the Finisterre family of Finisterre–Huon languages (Papua New Guinea). | | saldang | Bicol (Bicolano) | a language spoken in the Bicol region of Southern Luzon, Philippines. | | so'ga; 'simyad | Agusan Manobo | Spoken on the Island of Mindanao, Philippines. | | suga | Mansaka | Spoken on the Island of Mindanao, Philippines. | | senang; snang; senanganan | Maguindanao | Spoken in Maguindanao Province, Mindanao, North Cotabato Province, etc., Philippines. | | chirinanna; tiringana | Mingin | The Mingin, also known as the Mingginda, were an indigenous Australian people of the state of Queensland, who lived in the Gulf Country east of Moonlight Creek and the Ganggalida people in the southern Gulf of Carpentaria. | | aun; uwah\*\* | Bumbita Arapesh | A language of Papua New Guinea | | aun; wah | Bukiyip | Bukiyip (Bukiyup), or Mountain Arapesh, is an Arapesh language of Papua New Guinea. | | uwah | Abu Arapesh | Abu’, also known as Ua, is an Arapesh language (Torricelli) of Papua New Guinea. | | nua | Amaimon | Papua New Guinea (Trans-New Guinea, Madang, Croisilles, Pihom, Amaimon) | | nua | Otomaco | Otomaco is an extinct language of the Amazon. | | wan | Amol | Amol, also Alatil or Aru, is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea. | | wan | Bragat | Bragat is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea. | | ane; ani | Buna—Gavien-Ariapan-Kakara | Papua New Guinea | | ane; ani | Buna—Waskurin | Papua New Guinea | | ami | Muratayak | Muratayak, also Asat or Yagomi, is one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea. | | emim | Ambakich (Arango Dialect) | Ambakich is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea | | em | Ambakich (Yaut Dialect) | Ambakich is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea | | em | Ambakich (Ombos Dialect) | Ambakich is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea | | єm | Ambakich—Porapora | Ambakich is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea (East Sepik Province). | | am3; ama | Bepour | Bepour is a nearly extinct Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | am; 3m | Kein | Kein, also known as Bemal, is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. | | am | Baimak | Baimak is a Madang language of Papua New Guinea. | | am | Isebe | a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea | | am | Nobonob | Papua New Guinea | | am | Amele | Madang; Trans-New Guinea | | am | Forak | one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea. | | am | Gal | Gal is a Madang language of Papua New Guinea. | | am | Bau | Madang; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania; | | aa | language of the Cocos Islands aborigines | Cocos (Keeling) Islands — the group of 27 small coral islands in Indian ocean. | | aabauma | Awiyaana | Awiyaana (Auyana) is a Kainantu language of Papua New Guinea. (Eastern Highlands; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania). | | anaut | Ginuman | Ginuman is a Papuan language of New Guinea. | | nataiale | Aore | Aore is a recently extinct Oceanic language spoken on Aore Island, just off Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu. | | mbwino; numbio; buio | Angoram | Angoram, also known as Pondo, is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. | | mar | Alamblak | The Alamblak language is spoken in the Angoram District of East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea. | | may | Awtuw | (Autu), also known as Kamnum, is spoken in Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea. It is a polysynthetic language closely related to Karawa and Pouye. It is an endangered language, being widely replaced by Tok Pisin. | | may | Karawa | Papua New Guinea | | sawe | Awyu, Asue | Trans-New Guinea | | sa'wa? | Awyu, Central (Nohon Dialect) | Trans-New Guinea | | sa'wa? | Awyu, Central (Taim Dialect) | Trans-New Guinea | | 'sawe | Awyu, Central (Busiri Dialect) | Trans-New Guinea | | 'sowa | Awyu, Central (Ketah Dialect) | Trans-New Guinea | | sera | Awyu, South (Yenimu Dialect) | Trans-New Guinea | | sera | Awyu, South (Syiagha Dialect) | Trans-New Guinea | | sera | Sjiagha (Siagha) | Shiaxa (Sjiagha), also known as Jenimu (Yenimu, possibly a dialect) and Awyu, is a Papuan language of Papua, Indonesia. | | sing; sing niri | Bongu | Madang; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania | | meuka; tani | Ekari | Wissel Lakes-Kemandoga; Trans-New Guinea; Asia | | meuka; tani | Kapauku | Papua (Indonesia) | | tani | Tuwari | Tuwari is a Sepik language spoken in Sandaun Province, Papua-New Guinea. | | tam | Kajgir | Papua Indonesia | | tam | Kayagar | Kayagar (Kajagar, Kaygi, Kaygir, Wiyagar) is a Papuan language of West Papua. | | tam | Tamagario | Tamagario is a Papuan language of West Papua. | | tan | Aiku | Papua New Guinea | | mo | Dani, Lower Grand Valley (Hitigima Dialect) | Dani; Trans-New Guinea; Asia | | mo | Dani, Lower Grand Valley (Tangma Dialect) | Dani; Trans-New Guinea; Asia | | mo | Dani, Upper Grand Valley | Dani; Trans-New Guinea; Asia | | mo | Pyramid Wodo | Papua New Guinea | | mo | Lani (Laani) | Western Dani, or Laani, is the most populous Papuan language in Indonesian New Guinea. | | mo | Tangma Dani | Papua New Guinea | | mo | Dao | New Guinea (Indonesia) | | mo | Kiniageima | Papua (Indonesia) | | mo | Nggem | A language of Indonesia. | | mo3 | Moere | Papua New Guinea | | mom | Lepki | Lepki is a Papuan language spoken in Western New Guinea | | mo | Yali | Dani; Trans-New Guinea; Asia | | fo; ho | Siane | Eastern Highlands; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania | | fu | Hua (Huva) | dialect of Yagaria language in Papua New Guinea, | | oneqen | Lani | (a.k.a. Western Dani) Papua Indonesia | | nita (nate; niki) | Enga | Engan; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania | | naijo | Haruai | Papua New Guinea | | nambul | Mehek | Papua New Guinea | | NNan | Mailoa | Indonesia | | NNan | Ngofagita | Indonesia | | NNan | Ngofakiaha | Indonesia | | NNan | Peleri Samsuma | Indonesia | | NNan | Soma | Indonesia | | NNan | Tahane | Indonesia | | Nan | East Makian | Taba (also known as East Makian or Makian Dalam) is a Malayo-Polynesian language of the South Halmahera - West New Guinea group. It is spoken mostly on the islands of Makian, Kayoa and Southern Halmahera in North Maluku province of Indonesia | | NanNan | Sawai | The Sawai language (also Weda) is spoken in Weda and Gane Timor districts of Southern Halmahera, Northern Maluku Province, Indonesia. | | NaNg~ | Nyoongar | Nyungar (Nyunga), or Noongar, is an Australian Aboriginal language, or language complex, still spoken by members of the Noongar community, who live in the southwest corner of Western Australia. | | naNk | Keramin | the Southeastern Australia | | NaNk | Nyunga Eastern | Nyungar (Nyunga), or Noongar, is an Australian Aboriginal language, or language complex, still spoken by members of the Noongar community, who live in the southwest corner of Western Australia. | | NaNka | Nyunga Northern | Western Australia | | NaNkan | Nyunga South Western | Western Australia | | nare | Kewa East | Papua New Guinea | | paku; nare | Kewa | Papua New Guinea | | nata masoa | Tambotalo | Tambotalo, or Biliru, is a nearly extinct Oceanic language spoken in a single village in the southeast of Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu. | | nata na maso | Tolomako | Tolomako is a language of the Oceanic subgroup of Austronesian languages. It is spoken on Santo island in Vanuatu. | | natamas | Roria | Roria is an Oceanic language spoken in central Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu. | | natanmi (mi) | Shark Bay 1 | The Shark Bay language is one of the East Santo languages group of languages. It is spoken on Espiritu Santo in Vanuatu. | | nate | Kewa S Pole | Papua New Guinea | | nate | Bonkiman | Papua New Guinea | | nate | Erave | (Alternate names: Erave, Kewa South, Pole, South Kewa) Papua New Guinea | | nate | Sau | Samberigi language, spoken in Papua New Guinea.(?) | | nau | Biem | Papua New Guinea | | nau; ra | Watam | Marangis (a.k.a. Watam) is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea | | Nau | Urat | Urat (Wasep, Wusyep) is a Torricelli language spoken by a decreasing number of people in Papua New Guinea. | | niau | Bieria | Bieria, or Vovo (Wowo), is an Oceanic language spoken on Epi Island, in Vanuatu. | | nd~ae | Lewo Filakara | Lewo is an Oceanic language spoken on Epi Island, in Vanuatu. | | ne8enmi | Lorediakarkar | Vanuatu | | negat | Nemi | The Nemi language is a Kanak language spoken by 320 people in the North of New Caledonia | | neipi | Banua | Temotu province (the island toward North from Vanuatu, Pacific ocean) | | nei | Molof | Molof (Ampas, Poule) is a Papuan language spoken by about 200 people. | | nei | Usku | Usku is a nearly extinct and poorly documented Papuan language spoken by about 20 people in Usku village, Papua, Indonesia. | | neni | Paruwa | Papua New Guinea | | Neni; Ni5; ŋeni | Kamasau-Kenyari-Paruwa | Papua New Guinea | | nerah | Uruangnirin | Uruangnirin is a minor Austronesian language of the west coast of the Bomberai Peninsula. | | newaro | Maleu | Oceanic; Austronesian; Australia & Oceania | | Ngar | Kanggape | Papua New Guinea | | ni | Huli Hole | Papua New Guinea | | ni?\*\* | Busa ? | Northwestern Papua New Guinea | | Ni5; bogi | Kamasau | Papua New Guinea | | Ni5 | Kenyari | Papua New Guinea | | Ni5; ŋiŋ | Kamasau-Yibab-Wandomi | Papua New Guinea | | Ni5; ŋiŋ | Kamasau-Tring-Wau | Papua New Guinea | | Ni5; bogi; nginy | Kamasau-Wand Tuan | Kamasau is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea. | | Ni5 | Tring Png | Papua New Guinea | | Ni5 | Wau | Papua New Guinea | | Ni5 | Yibab | Papua New Guinea | | ewaxa | Moikodi | >Moikodi, or Doriri - a Papuan language in Oro province (Papua New Guinea), at the eastern part of island. | | astro | Eskayan | Philippines | | put | Amberbaken | Amberbaken, or Mpur (also known as Kebar, Ekware, and Dekwambre), is a divergent language of New Guinea. | | um | Sumararu | a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. | | uma | Konti Unai | Papua, Indonesia | | uma | Mariadei | Papua, Indonesia | | uma | Sarawandori | New Guinea (Indonesia) | | uma | Tindaret | Papua New Guinea | | umu | Womo | Womo and Sumararu are a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. | | umo | Poo | Papua New Guinea | | umo | Barupu | Papua New Guinea | | umo | Barupu | Papua New Guinea, Sandaun province | | ?nda | Atemble | Atemble, or Mand, is a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | 3m; ʌ:m | Mawan | Mawan is a Madang language of Papua New Guinea | | 3nd~o | Tombulu | Tombulu, also known as Minahasan language is an Austronesian language of Northern Sulawesi in Indonesia. | | 3nd~o | Tonsawang | Tonsawang, also known as Tombatu, is an Austronesian language of the Northern tip of Sulawesi, Indonesia. | | 3nd~o | Tonsea | Tonsea is an Austronesian language of the Northern tip of Sulawesi, Indonesia. | | 53; ɲə | Manambu | Manambu is one of the Ndu languages of Sepik River region of Northern Papua New Guinea. | | 53la; ny3la; nyela | Yipma | Papua New Guinea | | 53n, 5iN | Urimo | Urimo is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea. | | 5iNar | Osum | Papua New Guinea. | | niyala | Gumawana | Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea | | n3s | Sursurunga | Sursurunga is an Oceanic language of New Ireland (Northeast of Papua New Guinea). | | 7ajit | Aasax | The Asa (Aasa) language, commonly rendered Aasax, was spoken by the Asa people of Tanzania. | | 8asne | Labo Windua | Vanuatu | | 8urdi; dudi | Guwamu | an extinct Australian Aboriginal language | | 8urdu | Gunya Guwamu | an extinct Australian Aboriginal language | | aŋgi | Isabi | Isabi (Maruhia) is a minor Papuan language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | a7 | Bugawac | Papua New Guinea (the west side of the island) | | a8o | Lengo | Solomon Islands | | abei; bimu | Bine-Sogal-Boze-Gingarede-Kunini | Papua New Guinea | | bimu | Bine Kunini | Papua New Guinea | | abezi; abuchi; abechi | Bine-Sebe-Irupi-Drageli | Papua New Guinea | | abezi; abwechi | Bine-Masingle-Tati | Papua New Guinea | | abiard | Nambo | Papua New Guinea | | abic | Kwerba Kauwerawet | Papua, Indonesia | | abic | Kwerba Mamberamo | Papua, Indonesia | | abija | Bagusa | Indonesia (at the western part of Papua island) | | abis | Gizrra Togo | Papua New Guinea | | abis | Gizrra Waidoro | Papua New Guinea | | 3b3s | Gizrra Kupere | at the southern Papua New Guinea | | abiy | Kwerba Naidjbedj | Papua, Indonesia | | abiy | Kwerba | Kwerba is a Papuan language of Indonesia. It goes by various names: Airmati (Armati), Koassa, Mataweja, Naibedj, Segar Tor, Tekutameso. | | abwi | Bayono | the North of Papua province, Indonesia. | | abwinu | Awbono | Indonesia | | aeve | Teanu | This language is spoken in Vanikoro (Solomon Islands). | | afok | Mianmin | Mian is an Ok language spoken in the Telefomin district of the Sandaun province in Papua New Guinea by the Mian people. | | aicap; xoidop | Nengaya | (Alternate names: Mato, Nenaya, Nineia). Papua New Guinea. | | xoidop | Mato | Papua New Guinea | | aim | Ap Ma | Kambot ??? Ap Ma (Ap Ma Botin, Botin, also Karaube), is a Ramu-Lower Sepik language of Papua New Guinea of unclear affiliation | | aim | Kambot-Kambaramba | East Sepik (Papua New Guinea) | | ak3n | Kopar | Papua New Guinea | | ak3n | Murik | Papua New Guinea | | akh~un | Murik | Papua New Guinea, East Sepik Province Murik aka Nor is a Lower Sepik language spoken in Papua New Guinea. | | akin | Murik-Kupar | Papua New Guinea, East Sepik Province | | akomba | Daonda | Daonda is a Papuan language of Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea. | | akun | Murik-Karau | Papua New Guinea, East Sepik Province, Karau village | | al; m3j3m | Uri | Uri (Urii), or Erap, is one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea. | | amʌknas; muabari | Kuot | The Kuot language, or Panaras, is a language isolate, the only non-Austronesian language spoken on the island of New Ireland, Papua New Guinea. | | am | Garuh | Papua New Guinea | | am | Panim | Panim is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. | | ama | Mauwake opora | Mauwake (Mawake) is a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | amana | Ormu | Ormu is an Austronesian language spoken in Jayapura Bay in Papua province, Indonesia. | | it; pi | Sepik Iwam | a language of Papua New Guinea. | | itane | Kemberano | Papua Indonesia | | ayo; isie | Brat | The Ayamaru language, or Mai Brat, is spoken by the Ayamaru people in the many villages around the Ayamaru Lakes on the Bird's Head Peninsula of West Papua. | | ayo | Karon Dori | Papua (Indonesia) | | ayre | One Inebu | Papua New Guinea | | aton | Digoel-Bari-Kati-Yongkom | (South Muyu) Papua province: south coast, North of Fly river border with Papua New Guinea. | | aton | Digoeleesch | Papua New Guinea (at the boarder with the New Guinea) | | aton | Digul Muyu | Papua New Guinea (at the boarder with the New Guinea) | | aton | Metomka Muyu | Papua New Guinea | | aton | Ninatie Muyu | West Papua. | | aton | Kataut | (alternative names: North Muyu, Kati-Ninanti, Moejoe, Niinati, Ninatie, North, North Kati, Yonggom, Yongkom, Yongom) Indonesia (Papua) | | aton | Nakai | Nakai is an Ok language of West Papua. | | au | Tunggare | Tunggare (also called Tarunggare, Tarunggareh, Turunggare) is a language spoken in Papua, Indonesia. | | aw3n | Torricelli | The Torricelli language is spoken by about 500 people at the Northern Papua New Guinea coast. | | awin | Mufian | Papua New Guinea | | win | Bobawa | Indonesia | | win | Malapa | Southern Sulawesi (Indonesia) | | win | Ngofabobawa | Indonesia | | win | Sabale | Indonesia | | win | Tafasoho | Tafasoho is within Indonesia and is nearby to Talapao and Babawa. | | win | Tagono | Indonesia | | win | Talapao | Talapao is within Indonesia and is nearby to Tafasoho and Babawa. | | win | West Makian | West Makian (also known as Moi) is the most divergent of the Papuan languages of Halmahera. It is spoken on the coast near Makian Island, and on the western half of that island. | | awo | Ganglau | Ganglau is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | awo | Saep | Saep is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | awun | Kombio | Papua New Guinea | | awun | Yambes | Papua New Guinea | | az | Biliau | (Awad Gey, Bing, Samang, Semang, Sengam) Papua New Guinea | | az | Tuam | Mutu, or Tuam (Mutu-Tuam), is an Austronesian languages of Morobe Province. | | bai | Iau 2 | Papua (Indonesia) | | baidawan; bairawau | Mapena | Mapena is a language of Papua New Guinea. | | baiyei; yai | Hewa | Hewa, also known as Sisimin and Lagaip, is spoken by the Hewa people. Northern Papua New Guinea. | | bala7a | Heyo | Papua New Guinea | | banma | Kyaimbarang | Papua New Guinea | | banma | Kyaimbarang-Miyak | Papua New Guinea | | banma | Miyak | Papua New Guinea | | batuhanu | Biatah Bidayuh | at the western part of Borneo Island (Indonesia) | | bauwa | Mulaha | Mulaha is an extinct language of the Bird's Tail of Papua New Guinea | | bauwa | Mulaha-Iaibu | Dialect of Mulaha language. Papua New Guinea. | | babau | Minaveha | Minaveha (a.k.a. Kukuya) is an Oceanic language of Fergusson Island in Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. | | bEsak | Piu | Piu is an Oceanic language in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. | | bigalo | Duvle 2 | New Guinea (Indonesia) | | bilak | Ibanag | Northern Luzon; Austronesian; Fillippines. | | bihi | Wamas | Wamas is a Madang language of Papua New Guinea. | | biyé; kitiN | Goliath | Una, better known as Goliath, is a Papuan language of West Papua. | | budiva | Ouma | Ouma is an extinct Austronesian language of Papua New Guinea. | | yahan | Butleh | Indonesia, Sorong island, West Papua province | | buSan | Itik | Papua Indonesia | | busyan | Mander | Papua, Indonesia | | lina; buwa | Binahari | Binahari is a Papuan language of New Guinea | | lina | Binahari-Mada'a | a Papuan language of New Guinea | | lina | Domu | Domu (Dom) is a Papuan language of New Guinea. | | bwog | Elepi | (also Elapi, Samap, Blabla) It is spoken in Samap village of Turubu Rural LLG, East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea. | | bwog | Samap | Samap is one of three Kairiru languages spoken in East Sepik Province of Papua New Guinea. | | coaN | Kate | Papua New Guinea | | col; zoN | Mangap | The Northern Papua New Guinea | | durdu | Bidyara | (Bidjara, Pitjara) an extinct Australian Aboriginal language | | dy3mar | Jafi | Papua (Indonesia) | | imar (y3mar) | Yuri | Papua New Guinea region, Sandaun Province, Amanab District, along the Papua, Indonesia border. | | dyan; tenkan | Ambrak | Ambrak is a Torricelli language spoken in the Nuku District of the Sandaun Province in Papua New Guinea. | | yam | Wogamusin | Wogamusin is a Papuan language found in four villages in the Ambunti District of East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea. | | yan | Kawe | Indonesia | | dyau | Hermit | at Manus island (Papua New Guinea) | | e5e | Middle Wahgi | Papua New Guinea | | ebaka ukaha7o | Enggano (Engganese) | , is the poorly known language of Enggano Island off the southwestern coast of Sumatra. | | eboda | Wara (Png) | Upper Morehead language, a Trans-Fly language of Papua New-Guinea. | | ebsin | Lewo Visina | Vanuatu | | edo | Tondano | Tondano (also known as Tolou, Tolour, Tondanou, and Toulour) is an Austronesian language spoken in the Tondano area of Northeast Sulawesi, Indonesia | | egedi; itaine | Kokoda Kasuweri | Papua Indonesia | | egedi | Inanwatan | Papua Indonesia | | egedi | Puragi | Puragi is a Papuan language of the Bird's Head Peninsula of West Papua. | | elet; alo; suli | Carolinian | Oceanic; Austronesian; Australia & Oceania | | ema ndami: | Moni-Voorhoeve | a Papuan language | | emondane; tay | Kemandoga | Trans-New Guinea | | repadai | Wabo | Wabo is a Malayo-Polynesian language of Papua, Indonesia. | | epdai; repdai | Kurudu | Kurudu is an Eastern Yapen languages dialect of the Malayo-Polynesian languages, in Papua Province of Western New Guinea, Northeastern Indonesia. | | erputhur | Peremka | Kunja (Kancha), also known as Lower Morehead or Peremka, is a Papuan language of New Guinea. | | erueng | Kampong (Kapong) Baru | Indonesia | | esakha\*\* | Bariji | Bariji, or Bareji, is the name of several languages and dialects spoken near the Bariji River in Papua New Guinea | | esar | Mawes | Papua, Indonesia | | esar | Mawes-Dai | a Papuan language of Indonesia. | | esar | Mawes-Wares | a Papuan language of Indonesia (the village Wares). | | etin | Axamb-Maxbaxo | an Oceanic language | | eve | Fuyuge | Fuyug (Fuyuge, Fuyughe, Mafulu) is a language of Papua New Guinea spoken in the Central Province of the country. | | ewaga; imi; veaga; wadiba; weaka | Bauwaki | Bauwaki (Bawaki) is a Papuan language of New Guinea | | ewaxa | Moikodi | >Moikodi, a.k.a. Doriri - Papua New Guinea, Oro province. | | imi | Neme | Neme, a variety of the Nambu language of Papua New Guinea | | ewulima | Fuyug Gagagra | Papua New Guinea (south-eastern) | | fala; vala | Heyo | a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea | | vala | Yahang | Yahang (Ya'unk) a.k.a. Ruruhip (Ruruhi'ip) is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea. | | fani; vani | Mountain Koiari | Mountain Koiari (Koiali) is a language of Papua New Guinea. | | vani | Grass Koiari | Grass Koiari (Koiali) is a language of Papua New Guinea. | | vani | Koiari | Papua New Guinea | | vani | Koita | Koita (or Koitabu) is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea in the Port Moresby area. | | fad | Adang Pitung | Another name is Alor. A Papuan language spoken on the Island of Alor East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. | | wErE | Sausi | Sausi is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | fe:d; wer | Kabola | spoken on the island of Alor in Indonesia | | fEd | Adang | The Adang language is spoken on the island of Alor in Indonesia. | | fed | Hamap | the island of Alor in Indonesia | | fEd | Kabola-Hamap | dialect of Kabola (Indonesia) | | fed | Kabola-Pitumbang | dialect of Kabola (Indonesia) | | fo7i | Gahuku Asaro | Papua New Guinea | | fo'i | Dano | Papua New Guinea | | fo'i | Gahuku | Eastern Highlands; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania | | g3fu | Mongowar | Papua New Guinea. | | g3gie; 3si (?) | Sinsauru | Sinsauru, or Kow, is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | g3ldat | Yopno | Yopno (Yupna, after the Yupna Valley) is one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea. | | ga | Dami (Ham) | Papua New Guinea | | ga7a | Rennellese | Rennell-Bellona, or Rennellese, is a Polynesian language spoken in the Rennell and Bellona Province of the Solomon Islands. | | gage | Asas | Asas, or Kow, is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | gaNgai | Urigina | Urigina is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | gavoso | Simbo | Spoken on the Island of Simbo, Solomon Islands. | | gebem; qowa | Kuni-Boazi-Biak | a Papuan language spoken in Papua New Guinea. | | qawa | Boazi | Boazi (Bwadji), also known as Kuni after one of its dialects, is a Papuan language spoken in Papua New Guinea. | | qowa | South Boazi | a Papuan language spoken in Papua New Guinea. | | getane | Ketengban Bime | Eastern Papua Indonesia | | gi5 | Wandomi | Papua New Guinea | | giliga | Dadibi | Dadibi (also Daribi or Karimui) is a language of Papua New Guinea. | | gitapu | Kunimaipa | Papua New Guinea | | go | Ma Manda | Papua New Guinea | | gon3k | Nuk | Nuk is one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea. | | gyom, kyom | Alfendio | Papua New Guinea | | h3mu; hʌmu | Musar | Papua New Guinea. | | h3p3ham3nd | Angor | Angor (Anggor) AKA Senagi is a Senagi language of Papua New Guinea. | | hahi | Domori | Domori is in Papua New Guinea and is nearby to Dede, Wasua and Reginimi Island | | harisia | Samarokena Tomayo | Papua New Guinea (on the east part of island) | | hEmari | Kowaki | Papua New Guinea | | hEmei | Pulabu | Pulabu is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | hewio | Kerewo | Kerewo is a Papuan language of Southern Papua New Guinea. | | heyop | Patep | Papua New Guinea | | heyop | Patep | Papua New Guinea | | heyub | Zenag | Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. | | hon | Usu | Usu, also known as Uya, is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | hoNa | Erima | Papua New Guinea | | ona | Rocky Peak | Papua New Guinea? | | hora | Agi-Yolpa | New Guinea | | hot | Bunak | The Bunak language (also known as Bunaq, Buna, Bunake) is the language of the Bunak people of the mountainous region of central Timor (Indonesia) | | hovare | Keuru | Papua New Guinea | | humia | Wasembo | Wasembo, also known as Biapim, Gusap, Yankowan, is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | iabada | Agob Dabu | Agob, or Dabu, is a Papuan language spoken in Western Province, Papua New Guinea. | | iabota | Kawam-Kibuli | a Papuan language spoken in Western Province, Papua New Guinea. | | iebodo | Dibolug | Papua New Guinea (Southern part of island) | | iebodo | Idi-Dibolug | a Papuan language spoken in Western Province, Papua New Guinea | | iel | Letemboi | Vanuatu | | igda lona | Mantion | Mantion (Manikion), also known as Sougb or Sogh, is a Papuan language of the East Bird's Head language family spoken in East Bird's Head, east of Meyah, south of Manokwari. | | iN3r | Paynamar | Paynamar, or Manat, is a divergent Madang language spoken in the Adelbert Range of Papua New Guinea. | | iriyabo | Foe | Kutubuan; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania | | is3 | Sumau | Sumau, a.k.a. Garia (Kari), is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | isiro | Rapoisi | Konua a.k.a. Rapoisi is a language of Bougainville, an island to the east of New Guinea. | | jaN | Kaiep | Kaiep is one of three Kairiru languages spoken in East Sepik Province of Papua New Guinea. | | jaban (yavan) | Chenapian | Chenapian (Chenap) is a Papuan language of East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea. | | jinmurga | Guragone | Gurr-goni, also spelled Guragone, Gorogone, Gun-Guragone, Gunagoragone, Gungorogone, Gurrogone, Gutjertabia, is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken in Arnhem Land. | | löanga; pitala | Halia | Oceanic; Austronesian; Australia & Oceania | | laharo | Nakanai 2 | Papua New Guinea | | l'aran | Nauete | Naueti (also written as Nauoti, Nauete) is an Austronesian language spoken by 15,045 (census 2010) in the subdistricts of Uato-Lari, Uatucarbau and Baguia in southeastern East Timor. | | lasan | Salawati Maaya | Papua New Guinea (the western part of island) | | lyasan | Misool Maya | Indonesia | | lyahan | Langanyan (Laganyan) | Papua Indonesia | | lavaNa | Gitua | Gitua is an Austronesian language of Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. | | li3; liyəʔ | Kwomtari | Kwomtari is the eponymous language of the Kwomtari family of Papua New Guinea. It is spoken in six villages in Amanab District, Sandaun Province. | | lukw~ahea | Southwest Tanna Ikiyau | the language on the south part of Vanuatu island | | mɔʌ | Moere | Moere is a nearly extinct Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | mεrεʔ | Mamaa | Mamaa is one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea, spoken in a single village in Morobe Province. | | mεre | Finungwa | Papua New Guinea | | m3di; m?diʔ | Kelon | Kelon (or Kalong, Kelong, Klon, Klon Bring, Klon Paneia, Kolon), is a Papuan language of the western tip of Alor Island in the Alor archipelago of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. | | m3di (medi) | Kelon Probur | Indonesia | | m3l | Southwest Tanna Imreang | the language on the south part of Vanuatu island | | m3l | Southwest Tanna Lapwangtoai | the language on the south part of Vanuatu island | | m3li; mʌ:li | Pamosu | Pamosu is a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | m3li | Hinihon | Papua New Guinea | | m3r3 xain | Bierebo Tavio | Vanuatu | | m3r3kial | Maii | Vanuatu | | m3rayina | Lewo Mapremo | Indonesia | | m3rie | Axamb-Avok | an Oceanic language | | m3ri | Kwamera Yatukwey | in the Southern part of Vanuatu | | 3m3ri; ʌmʌri | Mawak | Mawak is a nearly extinct Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | ma7a | Dubu | Dubu, also known as Tebi, is a Pauwasi language of West New Guinea. | | gabudara; maigara | Jimajima (Dima) | a Papuan language of New Guinea. | | mai; taliye | Pouye | Papua New Guinea | | mai | Butmas | Butmas, also Butmas-Tur or Farafi, is a language of the interior of Santo Island in Vanuatu. | | maigara | Umanakaina Gwoiden | the South-East of Papua New Guinea | | maihala | Bohutu | Buhutu (Bohutu) is an Oceanic language spoken in Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea. | | maim; malε | Munkip | Munkip (Mungkip) is a nearly extinct Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea. | | maim | Nek | Nek is one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea. | | maja'e | Aomie | A language of Papua New Guinea. | | male | Dibiyaso | Papua New Guinea, Western Papua | | malelel\*\* | Bisis | Bisis is a Sepik language spoken in East Sepik Province, Papua-New Guinea. | | maliti | Biga | Biga is a heavily Papuan-influenced Austronesian language spoken in West Papua in the south of the island of Misool | | mape | Ampeeli | Angan; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania | | mape | Kamasa | Kamasa is a nearly extinct Angan language of Papua New Guinea. | | mapiya | Kawatsa (Kawacha) | Kawatsa is a nearly extinct Angan language of Papua New Guinea | | mapya | Yagwoia | Yagwoia (Yeghuye), or Kokwaiyakwa, is an Angan language of Papua New Guinea. | | mara binia | Bierebo | Bierebo (or Bonkovia-Yevali) is an Oceanic language spoken on Epi Island, in Vanuatu. | | mara wi5a | Bierebo Burupika | Vanuatu | | mara | Abasakur | Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | marak | Sirasira | Austronesian languages of the Morobe district, Papua. | | mari | Laua | Laua, also known as Labu, is a language of Papua New Guinea. | | masa | Maria-Orai iu | Papua New Guinea | | mau | Meninggo | Meninggo, or Moskona or Sabena, is a Papuan language of the North coast of Papua, Indonesia. | | mauwuru; yagi | Bikaru | (Bugalu, Pikaru) Papua New Guinea | | maya | Namumi | Trans-New Guinea, West Kutubu. (Dialect of Fasu language). | | meda | Doromu Aramaika | Papua New Guinea | | meda | Doromu Bareika | Papua New Guinea | | meda | Maria-Gebi | Papua New Guinea | | mei | Polonombauk | Polonombauk is a language of the interior of the southeast of Santo Island in Vanuatu. | | meida7a | Doromu Lofaika | Papua New Guinea | | meida7a | Maria-Maranomu | Papua New Guinea | | mEk3li | Wanambre | Wanambre is a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | mele | Numanggang | Numanggang (Manggang) is a language of Papua New Guinea. | | mENkaxEN | Wagau | Papua New Guinea | | menoNwa | Riantana | Riantana, or Kimaam, is a language spoken on Yos Sudarso Island in Papua province, Indonesia. | | metakal | Ap Ma (Apma) | Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu | | misiama; misiavo | Taurap | The Burmeso language, also known as Taurap, is spoken by some 300 people along the mid Mamberamo River in Papua province, Indonesia. | | mp~iab; prow | Hattam | Hattam (also spelled Hatam, Atam) is a divergent language of New Guinea. | | n?negar | Kaningra | Kaningra (Kaningara) language is a Sepik language of Papua New Guinea. | | naβinioka | Ramopa | Keriaka AKA Ramopa is an East Papuan of Bougainville, an island to the east of New Guinea. | | Na5 | Walman | Walman (or Valman) is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea. | | Namali | Sepa | Papua New Guinea | | namban | Bungain | Papua New Guinea. | | nabu | Ayiwo (Aiwoo, Aiwo) | Eastern Solomon Islands. Oceanic; Austronesian; Australia & Oceania | | naniu | Bilua | Bilua; Solomons East Papuan; Australia & Oceania | | nanu | Bilua-Ndovele | Bilua is the most populous Papuan language spoken in the Solomon Islands | | Nanu | Walman Chinapeli | Papua New Guinea (At the North) | | nasirewe | Yeretuar | Yeretuar, or Goni, is an Austronesian language in its putative Cenderawasih branch from Cenderawasih Bay (Geelvink Bay) in Indonesian Papua. | | neiya; nilia | Amto | Amto (also known as Ki) is an Amto-Musan language spoken in Sandaun Province of Papua New Guinea in the Amanab and Rocky Peak Districts, south of the Upper Sepik River, toward the headwaters of the Left May River on the Samaia River. | | ngas | Kara | Kara language, an Austronesian language spoken by people in the Kavieng District, Papua New Guinea. | | niba | Ipiko | Ipiko (Epai, Higa, Ipikoi) is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea | | nimbe | Juwal | Juwal a.k.a. Muniwara is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea. Other names are Mambe and Tumara ~ Tumaru. | | nirala\*\* | Qaqet | Papua New Guinea | | nyet thew; 5etth~eu | Thong Boi | Sumatra | | o waNe | Modole (Madole) | Modole is a Papuan Halmahera language of Indonesia. The language is spoken in several villages in the Kao region on the Northern peninsula of the island of Halmahera. | | waNe malako | Galela | North Halmaheran; West Papuan; Asia | | waNe; waNe ma lako lau | Tidore | Tidore is a West Papuan language of Indonesia. | | waNe | Pagu | Pagu, named after one of its dialects, is a Papuan Halmahera language of Indonesia. | | waNe | Tobelo | Tobelo is a West Papuan language spoken on the eastern Indonesian island of Halmahera and on parts of several neighboring islands | | odEmo | Ukuriguma | Ukuriguma is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. | | oi | Mekwei-Maribu | a Papuan language of Indonesia. | | ond~om | Pila | Pila may refer to: Yom language or Pilapila, is a Gur language of Benin. Maia language, a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | ora | Iresim | Yeresiam or Iresim is an Austronesian language in the putative Cenderawasih (Geelvink Bay) of Indonesian Papua. It is not closely related to other languages. | | orobia | Tandia | Tandia is a nearly extinct Austronesian language in the putative Cenderawasih (Geelvink Bay) family of Indonesian Papua. | | otEm | Pay | Pay, or Mala, is a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | owa | Bogaya (Pogaya) | Papua New Guinea | | p3kas | Nakame | Nakama is one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea. | | paŋgat | Kinalakna | Kinalakna is a Papuan language of Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. | | paŋgat | Kumokio | Kumokio is a Papuan language of Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. | | pa' | Fore | Eastern Highlands; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania | | pim3tiE | Irarutu | Irarutu, Irahutu, or Kasira, is an Austronesian language of most of the interior of the Bomberai Peninsula of New Guinea. | | pirarau | Girawa | Girawa, also known as Bagasin (Begasin, Begesin), is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. | | po | Gende | Gende (Gendeka, Gene; also Bundi) is a Papuan language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | poari | Pila | Pila may refer to: Yom language or Pilapila, is a Gur language of Benin. Maia language, a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | poiap | Timbe | Timbe is a Papuan language spoken in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. | | poiya | Wano | Wano is a Papuan language of the Indonesian New Guinea Highlands. | | pooybE | Sanio | Sanio, or more precisely Saniyo-Hiyewe, is a Sepik language of Northern Papua New Guinea. | | r3ma | Pinai Hagahai Aramo | Hagahai, also known as Pinai, is one of two languages of the Piawi family of New Guinea. | | r3ma | Pinai Hagahai Pinai | New Guinea | | rannje | Fatakai Nuaulu Seram | Indonesia | | rapr | Angaua | Nend (Nent), or Angaua, is a Papuan language spoken by the Angaua people of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | repadai | Wabo | Wabo is a Malayo-Polynesian language of Papua, Indonesia. | | rera | Onin | Onin is a minor Austronesian language of the Onin Peninsula of Bomberai, Indonesian Papua. | | rera | Sekar | Sekar (Seka) is a minor Austronesian language of the North coast of the Bomberai Peninsula. | | s3mari | Tabriak | Tabriak, also known as Karawari or Yokoim, is one of the Lower Sepik languages of Papua New Guinea. | | s3nmali | Chambri-Kilimbit | Australia & Oceania | | sabala | Sota Kanum | New Guinea ? | | sa7i | Kiwai Southern | Papua New Guinea | | sai | Kiwai | Kiwaian; Kiwaian; Australia & Oceania | | saiki; soiki | Bamu Kiwai | Kiwaian; Kiwaian; Australia & Oceania | | soiki (saikio) | Bamu | Papua New Guinea | | saiki | Sisiame | Southern Papua New Guinea | | saiki-opu | Pirupiru | Southern Papua New Guinea | | sano | Wagarabai | West Mian (Wagarabai or Skonga). Papua New Guinea | | sariki; seki | Wabuda | Papua New Guinea | | sayeb | Sambio | Papua New Guinea | | sbabo | Bonggo | Bonggo, also known as Armopa, is an Austronesian language spoken on the North coast of Papua province, Indonesia. | | sebiE | Lemio | Lemio is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | sedap | Gusan (???) | Gusan (a.k.a. Nema) is one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea. | | seii | Tao Suamato | Papua New Guinea. | | osui | Amanab | a Papuan language spoken by 4,400 people in Amanab District, Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea. | | sia | Pawaia | Pawaia, also known as Sira, Tudahwe, Yasa, is a Papuan language | | sial | Seke | The Seke language of Pentecost Island, Vanuatu. | | sImalə | Mari | Mari, or Hop, is a minor Austronesian language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | siar | Dusner | Papua New Guinea (western part of island) | | siar | Meoswar | Meoswar is an Austronesian language of Cenderawasih Bay in the province of Papua, Indonesia. | | sida; mokoi (?) | Usino | Usino (also Sop) is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea by approximately 2,500 people. | | sivio | Minanibai | Minanibai, or Foia Foia (Foyafoya) is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea, spoken in an area near Omati River mouth in Ikobi Kairi and Goaribari Census districts (Gulf Province). | | siwuk | Sirak | Sirak, also known as Nafi, is an Austronesian language of Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. | | siu; siwuk | Musom | Musom is an Austronesian language of Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. | | so7ore | Karaeta Uaripi | Papua New Guinea | | so7ore | Luluitera Uaripi | Papua New Guinea | | so7ore | Murua Stmt Uaripi | Papua New Guinea | | so7ore | Petoe Uaripi | Papua New Guinea | | so7ore | Siviri Uaripi | Vanuatu | | sore | Meii2 Uaripi | Papua New Guinea | | sore | Uaripi Uaripi | a Trans-New Guinea language of Papua New Guinea. | | soa | Omati | Omati, or Mini, is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. The two varieties, Barikewa and Mouwase, are quite divergent. | | sobe | Saberi | Isirawa (Saberi) is a Papuan language spoken by about two thousand people on the North coast of Papua province, Indonesia. | | sona | Duduela | Duduela, also known as Uyajitaya, is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | soning | Tabla | Tabla (one of two Papuan languages also known as Tanah Merah) is spoken on the coast of Tanahmerah Bay, close to Jayapura, in Northern Papua (Indonesia). | | sool | Lukep | Arop-Lokep (also spelled Arop-Lukep) is an Oceanic language spoken by 3,015 people (as of 2000) on four islands in the Siassi chain in the Vitiaz Strait in Papua New Guinea. | | so | Biritai | Biritai (Biri) is a Lakes Plain language of Irian Jaya, Indonesia. | | so | Eritai | New Guinea (Indonesia) | | so | Kwerisa | Papua, Indonesia | | so | Obokuitai | Obokuitai (Obogwitai) is a Lakes Plain language of Irian Jaya, Indonesia. It is named after Obogwi village. Sikaritai, Obokuitai, and Eritai constitute a dialect cluster. | | suŋol | Gants | a Madang language of Papua New Guinea. | | su7 | Ttsakwambo | Papua New Guinea | | suak | Maralango | Northern Papua New Guinea | | suak | Dangal | Papua New Guinea | | suok | Bubwaf | Austronesian language of the Morobe district, Papua. | | sual | Kovai | Kovai (Kobai, Kowai) is a Papuan language spoken on Umboi Island, halfway between mainland Papua New Guinea and the island of New Britain, and mostly within the caldera of that volcanic island. | | soLi | Kamula | Papua New Guinea | | suana; suani | Binumarien | Eastern Highlands; Papua New Guinea | | suana | Tairora-Binumarien | Eastern Highlands; Papua New Guinea | | Sum (Sam) | Sauri | Sauri is a Papuan language of the Indonesian province of Papua, on the eastern shore of Cenderawasih Bay. | | S3u | Dagin | Papua New Guinea | | os | Gobasi | Gobasi, better known as Nomad, is a Trans-New Guinea language of New Guinea, spoken in the plains east of the Strickland River. | | o\*s | Gebusi | Papua New Guinea | | o\*s | Honibo | Papua New Guinea | | o\*s | Oibae | A language of Papua New Guinea | | o\*so\* | Kubo | Kubo is a Trans-New Guinea language of New Guinea, spoken in the plains of the Strickland River. | | osigo (osogo) | Odoodee | Odoodee (Ododei) is a Trans-New Guinea language of New Guinea | | oso | Agala | Agala (or Fembe) is a Trans-New Guinea language of New Guinea, spoken in the plains east of the Strickland River. | | ʌsɔ (3so) | Konai | Konai is a Trans-New Guinea language of New Guinea, spoken on the west bank of the Strickland River. | | suwi | Silisili | Northern Papua New Guinea | | suwo7 | Onank | Papua New Guinea | | taidEn | Kehu | Kehu (Keu) is an unclassified and nearly extinct language of New Guinea. | | takaya | Kwato | Papua New Guinea, Kwato Island | | tale | Seget | Seget is a Papuan language of the Bird's Head Peninsula of New Guinea. | | tali | Tehit | Tehit is a Papuan language of the Bird's Head Peninsula of New Guinea. | | tawu3i | Car | Indonesia, Sulawesi island | | tawuti | Lilau | Lilau is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea, closely related to Monumbo. | | tegi | Suabo | Suabo (Suabau), also known as Inanwatan, is a Papuan language of West Papua. | | telu | Moraid | Moraid is a Papuan language of the Bird's Head Peninsula of New Guinea. | | teme | Kaugat | Kaugat (or Atohwaim) is a Papuan language of West Papua. | | tet | Mandobo Bawah | A language of Indonesia (Papua). | | ti | Dubea | Ndrumbea, variously spelled Ndumbea, Drubea, Dumbea and Paita, is a New Caledonian language (the Grande Terre island, near Vanuatu). | | ti | Yahadian | Yahadian is a Papuan language of the Bird's Head Peninsula of West Papua. | | tigi | Duriankere | Duriankere is an endangered Papuan language of West Papua. | | to | Faia (Kirikiri-Faia) | (Faia dialect of Kirikiri). Southern Papua New Guinea | | to | Kirikiri | Southern Papua New Guinea | | uas (os) | Tumleo | Tumleo is an Austronesian language of coastal Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea, on Tumleo Island and the Aitape coast. | | ud | Korak | a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. | | uh | Matepi | Matepi is a Madang language of Papua New Guinea. | | unaʔ; wegi | West Mape | Mape is a Papuan language spoken in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. | | umo | Ramo | Papua New Guinea, Sandaun province | | u:s; us | Bagupi | Bagupi is a nearly extinct Madang language of Papua New Guinea. | | us | Nake | Nake is a Madang language of Papua New Guinea. | | us | Nake | Nake is a Madang language of Papua New Guinea. | | us | Utu | Utu is a Madang language of Papua New Guinea. | | usam | Manem | Manem, or Jeti (Yeti), is a Papuan language of Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea, and Indonesian Papua. | | uwe meZa (uwem3ja) | Dem | Dem (Lem, Ndem) is a possible Trans-New Guinea language | | vanua | Taulil | Taulil is a Papuan language spoken in East New Britain Province on the island of New Britain, Papua New Guinea. | | vatave | Tauade | Tauade is a Papuan language of New Guinea. | | vEd | Kabola-Aimoli | dialect of Kabola (Indonesia) | | wEd | Kelon Halerman | Indonesia | | wEd3 | Blagar Tereweng | Indonesia, at western part of the Vetar island | | wed; vid; vit | Blagar | a Papuan language of Pantar island in the Alor archipelago of Indonesia.. | | vesi | Samosa | Samosa is a Madang language of Papua New Guinea | | vihi | Mosimo | Mosimo is a nearly extinct Madang language of Papua New Guinea. | | vir | Rapting | Rapting is a Madang language of Papua New Guinea. | | vish~i | Murupi | Murupi is a Madang language of Papua New Guinea. | | wʌniŋ | Kobol | Kobol, or Koguman, is a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | w3lwa | Namia | Namia (Namie, Nemia) is a Sepik language spoken in Sandaun Province, Papua-New Guinea. | | wagoʔ | Momare | Momare is a moribund Papuan language of Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. | | wegoʔ; wena7 | Migabac | Migabac is a Papuan language spoken in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. | | wegiʔ | East Mape | Mape is a Papuan language spoken in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. | | wangere ma la7o | Sahu | Sahu (Sa'u, Sahu'u, Sau) is a Papuan Halmahera language. | | warE3ma | Parawen | Parawen is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. | | watli | Beli | Papua New Guinea | | wazam\*\* | Bilakura | Bilakura is a nearly extinct Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. | | wehon; welgon | Burum-Mindik | a Papuan language spoken in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. | | wehon | Mindik | Papua New Guinea | | wehon | Somba Siawari | a Papuan language spoken in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. | | welgan | Yaknge | a Papuan language spoken in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. | | wEdEm | Saki | northeastern Papua New Guinea | | welgon | Burum | Papua New Guinea | | wen | Ndom 2 | Ndom is a language spoken on Yos Sudarso Island in Papua province, Indonesia. | | weN (we:ŋ) | Borong (Boroŋ) | Papua New Guinea, Morobe province. | | weN | Kosorong | Kosorong is a Papuan language spoken in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. Dialects are Borong and Yangeborong. | | wepni; wupli; yam | Au | Wapei-Palei; Torricelli; Australia & Oceania | | wupli | Yil | Yil is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea. | | wupli | Yir | Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia | | wEs | Lamma-Biangwala | Dialect of Western Pantar language (western part of Pantar island in the Alor archipelago of Indonesia.) | | wim; zE; zeq | Bargam | Bargam, or Mugil, is a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea | | wufliy3x | Ningil | Ningil is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea. | | xahi | Sinagen | Sinagen, or Galu, is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea. | | xaro | Bola | Bola, or Bakovi, is an Oceanic language of West New Britain in Papua New Guinea. | | yəbod | Ende-Agob-Dabu | Papua New Guinea | | yʌbəd | Tame-Idi | a Papuan language spoken in Western Province, Papua New Guinea. | | yabel | Yessan Mayo | Yessan-Mayo, also known as Yessan or Mayo, is a Papuan language spoken by 2000 people in Papua-New Guinea. | | yabEra | Sipoma | Sipoma (also known as Siboma or Numbami) is an Austronesian language spoken by about 200 people with ties to a single village in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. | | yage | Bisorio | Nete, also known as Bisorio, Malamauda, or Iniai, is an Engan language spoken in Papua New Guinea. | | yakra | Orya | Oriya may refer to: Oriya language (India); nei?aa - Orya language (New Guinea). | | yaku | Tofamna | Tofanma or Tofamna is a poorly documented Papuan language of Indonesia. | | yanep | Nukna | Nukna, or Komutu, is one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea. | | yemar | Emem | Emumu, or Emem, is an Eastern Pauwasi language in Papua Indonesia (at the border with Papua New Guinea). | | yEneza | Kapriman | Kapriman is a Sepik language spoken in East Sepik Province, Papua-New Guinea. Alternative names are Mugumute, Wasare. | | yge | Kamano Kafe | Papua New Guinea | | yge | Kamano | Papua New Guinea | | yege | Yagaria | Eastern Highlands; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania | | yege | Inoke-Yate | Inoke, or Yate (Jate), is a Papuan language spoken in Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea. | | yaul (yaun) | Wam | Papua New Guinea (at the border between East Sepik and Sandaun provinces) | | youn | Karas | Karas is a divergent Trans-New Guinea language spoken on the biggest of the Karas Islands off the Bomberai Peninsula, that appears to be most closely related to the West Bomberai languages. | | yoni | Fas | Papua New Guinea (in the Northern part, near the Papua Indonesia border) | | yohl | Patani | Patani is an Austronesian language of Southern Halmahera, Indonesia. | | yos3 (yosu) | Mena | Papua New Guinea | | iyo; padah; popo'nah | Awa | Eastern Highlands; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania | | iv?o | Anigibi | Southern Papua New Guinea | | iyen; owun | Eitiep | Papua New Guinea | | iyep | Nungon | a Papuan language of Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea | | iyo; poponah | Ilakia | Papua New Guinea | | iyos | Ikobi Kairi | Papua New Guinea | | iyub | Latep | Papua New Guinea | | yub | Towangara | Austronesian languages of the Morobe district, Papua. | | yob | Dambi | Language of Papua New Guinea, | | yob | Kumaru | Papua New Guinea | | ya | Maisin | Papua New Guinea (Oceanic; Austronesian; Australia and Oceania) | | ya | Dakaka | Daakaka (also known as Dakaka, South Ambrym and Baiap) is a native language of Ambrym, Vanuatu (the south-western corner of the island). | | ya\* | Toura | Toura may be: Toura language (Cote d'Ivoire). Toura language (Papua New Guinea). | | ya | Banaro | Banaro is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea. | | ya | Kwoma | Kwoma is a Sepik language of Papua New Guinea. | | yal | North Ambrym Ranon | a language of Ambrym Island, Vanuatu. | | yal | Nguluwan | Nguluwan is a 'mixed' language spoken on an atoll of that name between Yap and Palau. The grammar and lexicon are Yapese, but the phonology has been affected by Ulithian, and speakers are shifting to that language. It belongs to the Austronesian languages, more specifically to the Oceanic branch of that family. | | yal | Wom | Papua New Guinea. | | yaal (yal') | Yapese | One of five National/Official Languages of the Federated States of Micronesia. Spoken in the State of Yap, Federated States of Micronesia. (Yapese; Austronesian; Australia and Oceania) | | yal | Big Nambas Leviamp | Vanuatu island | | yal | Sa | North-Central Vanuatu (an Oceanic language spoken on Small Malaita and Ulawa Island in the Solomon Islands) | | ial | North Ambrym Fonah | a language of Ambrym Island, Vanuatu. | | burgu; yalgan | Yugambeh-Minyangbal-Ngarahkwai | Pama-Nyungan; Australian; Australia & Oceania | | burgu | Geynyan | Pama-Nyungan; Australian; Australia & Oceania | | yalgan; jalNa5; jiru; burgu | Yugambal | Yugambal (Yugumbal, Jukambal), or Yugumbil (Jukambil), is an Australian Aboriginal language of Northern New South Wales. | | yalgan | Waalubal | (Waalubal-Kambuwal) Pama-Nyungan; Australian; Australia & Oceania | | yalgan | Gidabal | in the West of Australia | | yalgan | Gidabal-Winjabal | Pama-Nyungan; Australian; Australia & Oceania | | \*elaw | Proto-Sangiric | Austronesian language family | | yel | Repanbitip | Repanbitip is one of the Malakula Interior languages of Vanuatu. | | yei | Gabiano | Papua New Guinea | | yei | Niksek-Gabiano | Niksek is a Sepik language of Northern Papua New Guinea. The two dialects, Paka and Gabiano, are rather divergent. | | yei | Piame | Piame is a Sepik language of Northern Papua New Guinea. | | yel | Big Nambas Unmet | Vanuatu island | | ye | Asmat, Central (Keenok, Yipaer Dialect) | Asmat-Kamoro; Trans-New Guinea; Asia | | yo | Asmat, Central (Mecamup, Amanamkai Dialect) | Asmat-Kamoro; Trans-New Guinea; Asia | | yo | Asmat, Central (Mecamup, Omanesep Dialect) | Asmat-Kamoro; Trans-New Guinea; Asia | | yo | Asmat, Central (Misman, Meriten Dialect) | Asmat-Kamoro; Trans-New Guinea; Asia | | zoe | Asmat, Yaosakor | Trans-New Guinea | | yo | Asmat Central (Kainak, Atat Dialect) | Asmat-Kamoro; Trans-New Guinea; Asia | | yoe | Asmat, Central (Keenakap, Miwar Dialect) | Asmat-Kamoro; Trans-New Guinea; Asia | | yow | Asmat, Central (Mismam, Suru Dialect) | Asmat-Kamoro; Trans-New Guinea; Asia | | yow | Asmat, Central (Mismam, Yepem Dialect) | Asmat-Kamoro; Trans-New Guinea; Asia | | yoe | Asmat, Central (Keenakap, Namen Dialect) | Asmat-Kamoro; Trans-New Guinea; Asia | | yow; jawui | Asmat, Casuarina Coast | Asmat-Kamoro; Trans-New Guinea; Asia | | yow | Asmat, Central (Simai, Ayam Dialect) | Asmat-Kamoro; Trans-New Guinea; Asia | | yow; yawi; jou; zoe | Asmat, Central | Trans-New Guinea, Asmat-Kamoro, Asmat | | yawi | Warkaj | Papua New-Guinea | | yawi | Warkay-Bipim | Bipim, or Warkay-Bipim, is a Papuan language spoken in Papua New Guinea. | | yoo | Asmat, Central (Keenok, Komar Dialect) | Trans-New Guinea, Asmat-Kamoro, Asmat | | yow; jawui | Asmat, Casuarina Coast | Trans-New Guinea, Asmat-Kamoro, Asmat | | yaw | Kamoro | Trans-New Guinea, Asmat-Kamoro, Kamoro | | yowi | Sempan | Trans-New Guinea, Asmat-Kamoro, Sempan | | mamin; lup | Korowai | Papua Indonesia | | manas | Baikenu | (Ambeno, Ambenu, Baikeno, Biqueno). East Timor, Indonesia. | | manas | Uab Meto | Uab Meto is an Austronesian language spoken by Atoni people (also known as the Atoin Meto or Dawan) of West Timor. They number around 844,030 | | maNg~am | Ura | Ura is a moribund language of the island Erromango in Vanuatu. | | marari; was | Lamma | Western Pantar, also known by the name of one of its dialects, Lamma, is a Papuan language spoken in the western part of Pantar island in the Alor archipelago of Indonesia. | | mariE | Port Sandwich | Port Sandwich, or Lamap, is an Oceanic language spoken in southeast Malakula, Vanuatu, on the eastern tip of the island. | | maxa | Ajie | Aji? (also known as Bakla (beki), Wai, and A'jie) is an Oceanic language spoken in New Caledonia. | | mazakal | Sowa | Sowa was the original language of south-central Pentecost island in Vanuatu | | mbil | Buma | Oceanic; Austronesian; Australia & Oceania | | mentao | Awji | Papua New Guinea (Northern area) | | mErai | Lamenu | Lamenu is an Oceanic language spoken on Epi Island, in Vanuatu. | | meri | Kwamera Isiai | in the Southern part of Vanuatu | | meri | Kwamera Port Resolution | in the Southern part of Vanuatu | | meriar | Axamb | Axamb (or Ahamb) is an Oceanic language spoken in South Malakula, Vanuatu. | | metial | Maskelynes | Maskelynes, or Kuliviu, is an Oceanic language spoken on the Maskelyne Islets off south Malakula, Vanuatu. | | mir3 | Jeisch | Papua New Guinea (at the south part of the island) | | motih ond~u | Kualan | the Borneo island (Indonesia) | | motobi | Lubu | Sumatra (Indonesia) | | mrai | Lewo Nikaura | Indonesia | | mupui; h3p3ham3nd~3 | Angor (Anggor) | Papua New Guinea | | mut3Nar | Whitesands Iarkei | Southern part of Vanuatu | | mut3Nar | Whitesands Loniel | Southern part of Vanuatu | | mw~ere5o | Baki | Baki is an Oceanic language spoken on Epi Island, in Vanuatu. | | n3kw~o | Yelogu | Yelogu, also known as Kaunga, is one of the Ndu languages of Sepik River region of Northern Papua New Guinea. | | nisik | Sause | New Guinea (Indonesia) | | Nxw$ariau | Foau | The Foau language, Abawiri, also known as Doa, is a Lakes Plain language of Irian Jaya, Indonesia | | okoba | Imonda | Border; Border; Australia & Oceania | | oNe ma loko | Loda | Indonesia | | ouoie | Vano | Solomon Islands (Temotu Province, Vanikolo Island, Lale and Lavaka villages) | | perepa; perepana; rua | Buin | East Bougainville;East Bougainville; Australia & Oceania | | pola | Sengi | Papua New Guinea | | rukw~ea | Southwest Tanna Ikiti | the language on the south part of Vanuatu island | | rukw~ehia | Southwest Tanna Enfitana | the southwestern coast of Tanna Island in Vanuatu (to the East from Australia) | | sipo | Nafri | Nafri is a Papuan language of Papua, Indonesia. | | siyEb | Buasi | Papua New Guinea (the east side of the island) | | suka | Folopa | Papua New Guinea | | Sulu; raka | Mentawai | Indonesia,the Mentawai island | | swabo | Kaptiau | Kaptiau (Kapitiauw) is an Austronesian language spoken on the eastern North coast of Papua province, Indonesia. | | takN~ni | Kukwo | Papua New Guinea. 3,740 speakers | | takume | Manga | Papua New Guinea | | tapak | Jakaj | Papua (Indonesia) | | teat | Cemuhi | Oceanic; Austronesian; Australia & Oceania | | teet | Kaeti Dumut | Papua Indonesia | | tefe | Kapong Baru | Papua (Indonesia) | | tigyabo; tigyavo | Awera | Awera is a Lakes Plain language of Irian Jaya, Indonesia. | | timeli (timali) | Yimas | The Yimas language is spoken by the Yimas people of Papua New Guinea. | | toparu | Lewo Nuvi | Indonesia | | tote | Kuri | Papua, Indonesia | | todow | Dusun Tempasuk | at nothern area of the Borneo island (Malaysia) | | toau | Mokilese | Mokilese also known as Mwoakilloan, Mwokilese, or Mwoakilese is a Micronesian language originally spoken on Mwoakilloa, Federated States of Micronesia | | tʃisi | Menda (?) | India, Orissa state. The native language of Menda (the name of the village) is Oriya and most of the village people speak Oriya. Menda people use Oriya language for communication. | | tsital | Amis (Kiwit) | Indonesia | | cidal | Amis (Ami) | Amis is the Formosan language of the Amis (or Ami), an indigenous tribal people living along the east coast of Taiwan (see Taiwanese aborigines). | | ci8al; rumiXa8 | Fataan Amis | Taiwan island (Southeastern Asia) | | TiLal (ta7NaL) | Farang Amis | Taiwan island (Southeastern Asia) | | udEama | Yarawata | Yarawata is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. | | uEnau | Tunjung | Tunjung, or Tunjung Dayak, is an Austronesian language of Borneo. | | ul | Damal | Indonesia, Papua | | ulo | Ama | North-West Papua New Guinea | | ulEN | Yangulam | Yangulam is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | uNguru | Mer | Papua, Indonesia | | uru | Kafoa | Kafoa, or Jafoo, is a Papuan language of Alor Island in the Alor archipelago of Indonesia. | | uruas | Kambram | Papua Indonesia | | uwas | Lamma-Kalondama | A language of Indonesia | | uyem | Medebur | Papua New Guinea | | olimu | Maklew | Bulaka River; Bulaka River; Papua Indonesia | | v3ir; w3y | Duvle | Duvle (Sikwari) is a Lakes Plain language of Irian Jaya, Indonesia. | | vavana | Yoba | Yoba is an extinct Austronesian language of Papua New Guinea. | | v3vana | Bina | a Papuan language of the Bird's Head Peninsula of New Guinea. | | vea | Managalasi | Ese Managalasi is a language of Oro Province, Papua New Guinea. | | wagi | Atayal | Taiwan island | | wakh~ | Yamap | Yamap is an Oceanic language in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. | | wapao | Barapasi | Papua New Guinea | | warah3 | Urubu Kaapor | a Tupi-Guarani language spoken by the Ka'apor people of French Guiana and Brazil. | | warget | Tewa Lebang | (Teiwa) Eastern Indonesia. Pantar island. | | uwargEt | Tewa Madar | Eastern Indonesia. Pantar island. | | wat | Kamang Pido Ii | Indonesia | | wat | Kamang Pido | Indonesia | | wat; wati | Kamang | Indonesia | | wati; vatave | Afoa | Papua New Guinea | | wati | Kamang Letley | Indonesia | | wazo | Malalamai | Malalamai, or Bonga (after the two villages in which it is spoken), is an Austronesian languages of Madang Province. | | wElE | Kesawai | Papua New Guinea | | weri | Nedebang | Nedebang is a Papuan language spoken in the villages of Balungada and Baulang in the eastern district of Pantar island in the Alor archipelago of Indonesia. | | weti | Tanahmerah | Indonesia | | widi | Kolana | The Wersing language, also known as Kolana after its primary dialect, is spoken in scattered settlements around the coast of Alor in Indonesia. | | widi | Wersing | The Wersing language, also known as Kolana after its primary dialect, is spoken in scattered settlements around the coast of Alor in Indonesia. | | Xaia | Lote | Papua New Guinea, the New Britain island | | xat | Fa Tieta | Grande Terre (the island between Vanuatu and Australia) | | xi3 | Hiw | Hiw (sometimes spelled Hiu) is an Oceanic language spoken on the island of Hiw, in the Torres Islands of Vanuatu. | | yimap | Towei | Towei is a Pauwasi language of West New Guinea. | | zoN | Mbula Papua New Guinea | Mbula (also known as Mangap-Mbula, Mangaaba, Mangaawa, Mangaava, Kaimanga) is an Austronesian language spoken by around 2,500 people on Umboi Island and Sakar Island in the Morobe Province of Papua New Guinea. | | maiya | Fasu | Fasu; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania | | ikona | Gadsup | Eastern Highlands; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania | | kalam | Garus | Madang; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania | | mapa | Hamtai | Angan; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania | | mapa | Kapau | Papua New Guinea | | m3ptq3; mapa; mapatəqa | Menye (Menya) | Menya (Menyama, Menye) is an Angan language of Papua New Guinea. | | pub | Kalam | Madang; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania | | dzoan | Kate | Finisterre-Huon; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania | | dzian | Kate (Wamora Dialect) | Finisterre-Huon; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania | | dziaŋ | Magobineng | Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania | | 'sinda; pub | Kobon | Madang; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania | | sinda | Biyom | Biyom is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | to:s | Korowai | Awju-Dumut; Trans-New Guinea; Asia | | neta | Kyaka | Engan; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania | | tende | Mairasi | Mairasi-Tanahmerah; Trans-New Guinea; Asia | | tende | Semimi | Semimi, or Etna Bay, is a Papuan language spoken in Papua province of Indonesia. | | ataan | Telefol | Ok; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania | | atan | Tifal | Ok; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania | | tan | Mian | Ok; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania | | emondani | Moni | Wissel Lakes-Kemandoga; Trans-New Guinea; Asia | | kasuk; kasup | Nabak | Finisterre-Huon; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania | | gaat | Nankina | Finisterre-Huon; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania | | madza|'-e | Omie | Koiarian; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania | | kae; kai | Komutu | Nukna, or Komutu, is one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea. | | kai | Nukna | Nukna, or Komutu, is one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea. | | kaiwe | Ono | Finisterre-Huon; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania | | kaiwe | Kube | Kube, also Mongi, is a Papuan language spoken in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. | | kaiwe | Tobo | Kube (Hube) and Tobo, also Mongi, are a Papuan language spoken in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. | | kh~ikh~a | Doso | Doso is a language of New Guinea | | ki | Suroi | Siroi (Suroi) is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea | | okisa | Rawa | Finisterre-Huon; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania | | kauri | Tairora | Eastern Highlands; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania | | dewuta | Selepet | Finisterre-Huon; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania | | waiko | Suena | Binanderean; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania | | sat | Wambon | Awju-Dumut; Trans-New Guinea; Asia | | hein, heng | Yale (Kosarek) | Mek; Trans-New Guinea; Asia | | nyila | Baruya | Papua New Guinea | | maiya; sere maiya | Fasu Namo Me | Papua New Guinea | | EsE | Poko Rawo | a language of Papua New Guinea | | Esi | Dumpu | Papua New Guinea | | eso | Biami | (Piame; Beami; Bedamini) Papua New Guinea. | | ete | Guhu Samane (Guhu-Samane) | Papua New Guinea | | eho | Kibiri | Kibiri (Rumuhei, Rumu, Dumu, Kairi, Tumu, Rumuwa) a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. | | ta | Mende | Papua New Guinea | | ta\* | Dumo | Papua New Guinea (Northern part of the island) | | ta\* | Dusur | Papua New Guinea (Northern part of the island) | | ta\* | Leitre | Papua New Guinea | | ta; tai | Opo | ? Opao (?) is a Trans-New Guinea language of Papua New Guinea. | | ta | Kwanga | Kwanga (Gawanga) is a Sepik language spoken in Papua New Guinea. | | atan\_a | Oksapmin | Papua New Guinea | | katane | Marind | Marind is a Papuan language spoken in Malind District, Merauke Regency, Indonesia by over ten thousand people | | katane | Gawir | dialect of Marind (South New Guinea) | | keta:ne | Bian Marind | Marind Proper; Marind; Asia | | kalas | Muyuw | Papua New Guinea (Oceanic; Austronesian; Australia and Oceania) | | kaakanooka (sunrise) | Waffa | Papua New Guinea | | zge | Kamano-Kafe | Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands; Trans-New Guinea; Australia and Oceania) | | kae | Mengen | Papua New Guinea | | pisar | Nehan | Papua New Guinea (Oceanic; Austronesian; Australia and Oceania) | | okomba (sun or sunlight) | Walsa (Waris) | Papua New Guinea (Border; Border; Australia and Oceania, Asia) | | okomba | Waina | a Papuan language of Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea. There are three divergent varieties of Sowanda language: Waina, Punda and Umeda, which may be distinct languages. | | ok; u | Nakwi | Spoken in Papua New Guinea Region East Sepik Province | | ok; u | Nimo Nakwi | Nimo (Nimo-Wasawai) is a Left May language of New Guinea, in Sandaun Province. Nimo and Wasawai are two of the villages inhabited by speakers of this language. It is close to Nakwi. | | gunzit | Wantoat | Papua New Guinea (Finisterre-Huon; Trans-New Guinea; Australia and Oceania) | | dori | Kaiy | Papua Indonesia | | dera | Keo | Indonesia | | dare | Maipua | Papua N. Guinee (\*) | | dari | Tagota | A dialect of the Meriam language, the language of the people of the small islands of Mer (Murray Island), Waier and Dauar, Erub (Darnley Island), and Ugar (Stephens Island) in the eastern Torres Strait, Queensland, Australia; the only Papuan language on Australian territory | | dare; lare | Purari | Purari is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. It is also known as Koriki, Evorra, I'ai, Maipua and Namau. | | dari:k | Makayam-Giribam | a language of Papua New Guinea | | dari | Makayam-Pisirami-Tagota | a language of Papua New Guinea | | darik; kareme | Makayam | a language of Papua New Guinea | | kareme | Gogodala Gogodara | Papua New Guinea | | alumta; aru:nta; kareme | Tirio | Papua New Guinea | | alemu; alim | Yelmek | Yelmek, also known as Jelmek, Jelmik or Jab, is a language of the proposed Trans-Fly - Bulaka River family in West Papua. | | allunga; arlunya | Arrernte | one of the languages of Australian aborigines | | alinga | ??? | one of the languages of Australian aborigines (\*) | | alenNe; xirka | Arrernte, Eastern | (Mparntwe) Pama-Nyungan; Australian; Australia & Oceania | | alim | Jabsch | Papua (Indonesia) | | alim | Yelmek Jab | Yelmek, also known as Jelmek, Jelmik or Jab, is a language of the proposed Trans-Fly - Bulaka River family in West Papua. | | daβinio | Askopan | Askopan (or Eivo) is an East Papuan language of Bougainville, an island to the east of New Guinea. | | da | Motuna | Solomon Islands (Pasific ocean) | | dabwela | Bwanabwana | Papua New Guinea, island in Luisiada arhipelag | | dag | Mutu | Papua New Guinea | | dame | Wolani | Wolani (Wodani) is a Papuan language spoken by about 5,000 people in the Paniai lakes region of the Indonesian province of Papua. | | dEN | Songum | Sam, or Songum, is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | dEvidEo | Rotokas | Rotokas is a North Bougainville language spoken by about 4,320 people on the island of Bougainville, an island located to the east of New Guinea which is part of Papua New Guinea. | | dewe; dewi wesiwo | Moi | Moi (Mekwei) is a Papuan language of the Bird's Head Peninsula of New Guinea. | | diamata | Larike Wakasihu | Indonesia | | dian | Yangum Dey | Papua New Guinea | | dina | Motu | Motu (sometimes called Pure Motu or True Motu to distinguish it from Hiri Motu) is one of many Central Papuan Tip languages and is spoken by the Motuans, native inhabitants of Papua New Guinea. | | dinya | Berinomo (Bitara) Bayamo | Bitara, or Berinomo, is a Sepik language spoken in East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea. | | faniya; tiniya | Berinomo (Bitara) Kakiru | East Sepik province, Papua-New Guinea | | tiniya | Bahinemo | Sepik Hill; Sepik; Australia & Oceania | | diyo | Nai | Kwomtari; Kwomtari-Baibai; Australia & Oceania | | doŋke | Koromira | Koromira is an East Papuan language spoken in the mountains of Southern Bougainville Province, Papua New Guinea. | | kəsu (k3su) | Mesem | Mesem is a Papuan language spoken in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. | | hal | Galu | Papua New Guinea | | halat | Lisela | Indonesia, Buru island | | khado | Bitur | Bitur is Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. | | k3lo (g3lo) | Rao | Rao is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea. In older literature it was called Annaberg. | | 3lo | Sangir 2 | Sulawesi | | k3towEq | Ofaye | (Ofaie-Xavante, Ofaye, Ofaye-Xavante, Opaie-Shavante, Opaye) - Extinct language of south americans in Central Brezil | | kaŋe; koŋko | Kanum | New Guinea | | kaə | Pano-Mur | Mur Pano, or simply Pano, is an Austronesian language spoken by about three quarters of the thousand inhabitants of Mur village on the North coast of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | kadi | Kuruaya | Kuruaya is a nearly extinct Tupian language in the Amazon region of Brazil. | | kaiya | Kimki | Papua (Indonesia) | | kaizap | Roinji | Roinji is a minor Austronesian languages of Northern Papua New Guinea. | | kamgu; ki sari | Suki | Suki is a language spoken by about 3500 people several miles inland along the Fly River in southwestern Papua New Guinea. | | karahi | Arawete | Arawete is a Tupi-Guaran? language of the state of Amazonas, in the Amazon region of Brazil. | | karahi | Paranawat | Brazil (near Bolivian border) | | kari | Sio | Sio is an Austronesian language spoken by about 3,500 people on the North coast of the Huon Peninsula in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. | | kauwana | Bwaidoka | Bwaidoka is an Austronesian language spoken in Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea. | | kauwana | Iduna | Iduna is an Austronesian language spoken on Goodenough Island of Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea. | | kamu | Malas | Malas is a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | kam; ɓɔn | Abun | Abun, also known as Yimbun, A Nden, Manif, or Karon, is a West Papuan language of New Guinea. It is primarily spoken in the Abun village, located in the Sandaun Province. | | kam | Bunabun | Brem (Barem), also known as Bunabun, is a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | kam | Karon Pantai | Papua New Guinea (Northern-western part of the island) | | kɔmi | Irumu | Tuma, or (Upper) Irumu, is of one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea. | | kɔmi | Tuma-Irumu | Papua New Guinea. | | kʌme | Guriaso | a language of Papua New Guinea. | | kawa | Kuni-Boazi-3 | a Papuan language spoken in Papua New Guinea. | | kawe | Kuni-Boazi-Konmak | a Papuan language spoken in Papua New Guinea. | | kaya7kalo | Milki Murkim | Papua, Indonesia | | kayakalo | Mot Murkim | Papua, Indonesia | | kebu | Amgotro | Papua New Guinea. | | kEgin | Dimir | Dimir, also known as Bosiken (Boskien) and Gavak, is a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | keigji | Papasena | Papasena is a Lakes Plain language of Irian Jaya, Indonesia. | | kamimi; tamini | Mbaham (Baham) | West Bomberai; Papua, Indonesia | | kimina; nama | Iha | Iha (Kapaur) is a Papuan language spoken on the tip of the Bomberai Peninsula. | | kEndiy3v | Wanap | Wanap or Kayik is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea. | | kepli | Seta | Seta is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea. | | Epli | Olo Eretei | Papua New Guinea | | Epli | Olo Lumi | Papua New Guinea | | Epli | Olo Yebil | Papua New Guinea | | kesare-kop | Dorro | Dorro (also known as Namo or Mari). Papua New Guinea | | keu | Barim | Papua New Guinea | | keu | Pano-Singorokai | dialect of Pano (an Austronesian language) | | kEwom | Taikat | Taikat (Tajkat) or Arso is a Papuan language of Indonesian Papua. | | kh~e | Yabong | Yabong is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | kh~el | Kolom | Papua New Guinea | | kita; stamari | Kunimaipa | Kunimaipa is a Papuan language of New Guinea. | | kiy | Waritai | Waritai is a Lakes Plain language of Irian Jaya, Indonesia. | | kiyik | Maranunggu | the language of the tribe in the North of Australia | | kof3ni | Seti | Seti is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea. | | kolkh~a | Sulka | Sulka is a possible language isolate scattered across the eastern end of New Britain island, Papua New Guinea. | | koNko | Kanum Ngkalmpw | Papua (Indonesia) | | kori | Doutai | New Guinea (Indonesia) | | kosa | Iyo | Papua New Guinea | | kowa; ewaka | Yareba | Yareba, or Middle Musa, is a language of Papua New Guinea. | | koya | Begua | Papua New Guinea | | koye | Zimakani | Zimakani is a Papuan language spoken in Papua New Guinea by approximately 1500 people. | | kui | Lavukaleve | Solomon Islands | | kulaq | Panasuan | Panasuan is a small Austronesian language of Sulawesi, Indonesia. | | kuli | Savosavo | The Savosavo language is an endangered language spoken on Savo, a small volcanic island North of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands. | | kum; tari | Maiwa-Galeva-Kwateva-Pue | a Papuan language of New Guinea (the United Provinces of Galeva) | | tari | Maiwa | Papua New Guinea | | kum | Maiwa-Manaeo | Maiwa is a Papuan language of New Guinea. | | kum | Moraori | Moraori (Marori, Moaraeri, Morori, Morari) is a Trans-New Guinea language | | kumoN (kumoŋ) | Jilim | Jilim is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | kumoN | Rerau | Rerau is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | kuri | Rasawa | Rasawa is a Papuan language of Indonesia. | | kwi; te; tei | Aekyom | Awin-Pare; Australia & Oceania | | kwipli | Yau | Yau, also called Uruwa, is one of the Finisterre languages of Papua New Guinea. | | kwer | Kwesten | Papua, Indonesia | | kw3nja; nilya | Simbari | Simbari or Chimbari, is an Angan language of Papua New Guinea. | | kwapli | Yis | Yis is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea. | | tum | Andai | Spoken in Papua New Guinea Region East Sepik Province. 400 Native speakers (2005) | | tum | Nanubae Imameri | Nanubae (Kapagmai, Aunda) is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea. | | tum | Tapei Angarat | Papua New Guinea | | thєm | Tapei-Arafundi | The Arafundi languages are a small family of clearly related languages, namely: Andai (Meakambut), Nanubae, and Tapei. Alfendio is an old synonym for Arafundi, from when it was still considered a single language. (Papua New Guinea) | | kyum, tum | Tapei-Auvim | Tapei is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea. It is close to Nanubae; the name Alfendio was once used for both. | | dum, tum | Nanubae | Papua New Guinea | | du | Krisa | (alt. name - Isaka) is the language spoken by the people of the villages of Krisa and Pasi in Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea | | dua7 | Nasioi | Naasioi (also Nasioi, Kieta, Kieta Talk, Aunge) is an East Papuan language spoken in the central mountains and southeast coast of Kieta District, Bougainville Province, Papua New Guinea. | | ba; va; vaeh | Biwat | Papua New Guinea, East Sepik. | | ci (ch~i) | Danau | Danau (Danaw) is a Mon–Khmer language of Myanmar (Burma). | | ci | Konda | Papua, Indonesia | | bugua' | Yaros | Madang Province, Papua New Guinea, 2200 speakers. | | gubu7 | Adzera | Adzera (also spelled Atzera, Azera, Atsera, Acira) is an Austronesian language spoken by about 30,000 people in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. | | gubua7 | Wampur | Wampur is a minor Austronesian language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | gubuak | Sukurum | Austronesian languages of the Morobe district, Papua. | | koli7i | Tona | Taiwan | | koli7i | Tona Rukai | Rukai is a Formosan language spoken by the Rukai people in Taiwan. The Rukai language comprises six dialects, which are Budai, Labuan, Maga, Mantauran, Tanan and Tona. | | koli7i | Mantauran | Taiwan | | koli7i | Mantauran Rukai | Taiwan | | lizax | Pazeh | Pazeh (Pazih) is the language of the Pazeh, a tribe of indigenous people on Taiwan (see Taiwanese ... It is a Formosan language of the Austronesian languages language family. | | hiuk | Teressa | Teressa, or Taih-Long, is one of the Nicobarese languages spoken on the Nicobar Islands in India. | | sils | Palauan | Palauan language — major language of Palau, in the western Pacific Ocean. | | ial | Mortlockese | Micronesia (Pasific ocean) | | waxi7 | Skikun Atayal | central and Northern Taiwan | | hEhilaL | Taai Saisiyat | Saisiyat is the language of the Saisiyat, a Taiwanese indigenous people. | | vali | Takbanuaz Bunun | spoken by the Bunun people of Taiwan. | | vali | Bunun | is spoken by the Bunun people of Taiwan. It is one of the Formosan languages, a geographic group of Austronesian languages | | vali | Bunun | Taiwan, Indonesia | | vali | Isbukun | Southern Taiwan | | vali | Takebakha | a language of Taiwan | | vali | Takbanuad | a language of Taiwan | | vai | Budai Rukai | the South of the island of Taiwan | | vaLi7 (vali) | Iskubun | a language of Taiwan | | kE8Ew | Lower Pinlang Puyuma | the Taiwan island | | txi ya\* | Gurung | Bodic; Sino-Tibetan; Asia | | oute | Aka-Bo (Bo) | Bo (Aka-Bo) language at the island in the Bay of Bengal (India) | | bodo; diu | Great Andamanese | Andaman island (India), Bengal Bay | | bodo | South Andaman | Indian Ocean | | bodo | A-Pucikwar or Pucikwar | Central Great Andamanese extinct language (Indo-Pasific language group); Asia | | bodo | Aka-Jeru or Jeru | Northern Great Andamanese extinct language (Indo-Pasific language group). 36 speakers in 1997, bilingual in Hindi | | bodo | Akar-Bale or Bale | Southern Great Andamanese extinct language (Indo-Pasific language group) | | bodo | Aka-Bea | (Aka-Bea, Bea, Beada, Biada, Aka-Beada, Bojigniji, Bogijiab, Bojigyab). The Bea language, Aka-Bea, is an extinct Great Andamanese language of the Southern group. It was spoken around the western Andaman Strait and around the Northern and western coast of South Andaman. | | podd | Abujhmaria | dialect name of Maria language (India) | | podd | Koya | Koya language is a dialect of Gondi language which is spoken in Adilabad district in Andhra Pradesh and in Gondwana region of Central India. | | pord | Hill Maria Gondi | the Abujhmar mountains in India | | pord | North Bastar Gondi | India | | pord | Adilabad Gondi | India | | pord; podd | Southern Gondi | Gondi is a South-Central Dravidian language, spoken by about two million Gond people, chiefly in the states of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Telangana, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh (India) | | pord | South Bastar Gondi | South-Central Dravidian; Dravidian; Asia | | podd | Dorli Gondi | India | | pod | Kolami | Kolami (Northwestern Kolami) is a tribal Central Dravidian language used in Telangana State previously part of Andhra Pradesh state and Maharashtra state of India. | | po83 | Betta Kurumba | the language of Southern India | | podudu | Southeastern Gondi | Dravidian; Asia | | portu (potu, poltu) | Tulu | Tulu is a Dravidian language spoken by around 2 million native speakers mainly in the south west part of the Indian state of Karnataka | | kor; koro | Bale | Akar-Bale or Bale is an extinct Central Great Andamanese language once spoken in the Andaman Islands. | | bero | Kharia | The Kharia language is an Austro-Asiatic language that is primarily spoken by indigenous Kharia people of eastern India. | | beriya | Chitwan | Nepal | | beru | Sauria Paharia | The Sauria Paharia people are a tribal people of West Bengal, Bihar and Jharkhand in India. | | bera | Kharia Thar | India | | ber | Korwa | India, the Chhattisgarh state | | bar; ber | Kui Indonesia | Indonesia | | bi:ri:\*\* | Kurukh | Kurukh Language is an Indian tribal language that is spoken in several states of India. | | bidi | Kurux Nepali (Kurukh) | India | | bi | Jiulong Pumi | China | | gama | Kuvi | Kuvi language (the other names for Kuvi are Kuwi, Kuvinga, Kuvi Kond, Kond, Khondi, Khondh, and Jatapu) is native to India and is a Dravidian language spoken by the Khonds. | | gama | Danuwar | Nepal | | gama | Darai | India | | gam | Nepali | Nepal, India. | | gam | Nawar Zutt | Palestina (Middle East) | | yiwowa | Libo | Libo or Palibo language, a Tibetan–Burman language of India. | | maarta.nDa; suurya | MaraaThii | Marathi is the language spoken in Maharashtra, India. | | gunaru | Mara | Mara is a language spoken by Mara people living in 60 villages of Chhimtuipui district, Southern Mizoram, India and the adjacent people living in Burma. | | wɔhɔʔ | Naga | the Naga people are an ethnic group conglomerating of several tribes native to the North Eastern part of India and North-western Myanmar (Burma). | | nu mit | Meitei-lon | Indian states of Assam and Tripura, and in Bangladesh and Burma (now Myanmar). | | nu mit | Meitei | India, the Sagaing state (Nothern-eastern India) | | nu | Phetchabun Hmong | Thailand | | nu | Tak Hmong | Laos, Thailand | | imiri | Limilngan | Limilngan (Limil) is an extinct indigenous language in the North of Australia. | | miri | Nangikurrunggurr | Official Language of the Ngan'gikurunggurr People (Tribe), Communities and/or outstations of Nauiyu, Peppimenarti, Wudigapildhiyerr, Nganambala, Merrepen, etc., Northern Territory, Australia. | | miri | Mullukmulluk | The Northern Australia | | miri | Gooniyandi | Bunuban; Australian; Australia & Oceania | | miri | Wathawurung | An Australian Aboriginal language of the Pama-Nyungan family. | | miri | Ngangikurrunggurr | Ngan'gikurunggurr is spoken by about 150 people in the region around the Daly River (Australia)) | | miri | Wathawurrung | Wathawurrung (Wathaurong, Wada wurrung) is the extinct Indigenous Australian language spoken by the Wathaurong people of the Kulin Nation of Central Victoria. | | miri | Ngengomeri | Australia | | miru | Tyaraity | The Northern Australia | | muruN; maraNi; miri | Wunambal | Wunambal, or Northern Worrorran, is a moribund Australian Aboriginal language of Western Australia. | | meraNi (maraNi) | Ngarinyin | The Ngarinyin language (Ungarinjin), or Eastern Worrorran, is a moribund Australian Aboriginal language of Western Australia. | | muri | Margu | Marrgu (Marrku) is a recently extinct aboriginal language of Northern Australia. | | muri (mura); duru | Gunggari (Kunggari) | (a.k.a.: Birria, Bidia, Kulumali, and Kungadutji) southern Queensland, Australia | | duru | Margany | the language of the tribe in central region of Australia | | puril | Mayaguduna | in the North of Australia | | turi | Muruwari | in the East of Australia | | dhuni; yaay | Yuwaaliyaay | Australian Aboriginal people of New South Wales. | | duni; yay | Yuwalraay | Australia | | yay | Niksek-Paka-Setiali | Papua New Guinea | | yay | Paka | Papua New Guinea | | mirosiN | Komba | a Papuan language spoken in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. | | mir; mire | Yey | Yey (Yei, Jei, Je, Yei-Nan) is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. | | arni | Karbi | The Karbi language, also known as Mikir or Arleng, is spoken by the Karbi people of the Assam state (East of India). | | arni; arni atur; samphri; samphri atur | Amri Karbi | Amri, or Amri Karbi, is spoken by the Karbi people of Assam and Meghalaya (India). | | ar3 ni | Naga Pochuri | Northeastern India. | | yang hroi | Jarai | The Jarai language is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken by the Jarai ethnic group of Vietnam and Cambodia. | | yaN hrue | Rade | Rade is a Malayo-Polynesian language of Southern Vietnam. | | t3Ne7; t3Ni; th~3Ni; hni | Pear | Pear is a moribund Mon-Khmer language of Cambodia. | | tNi Xo3h | Saoch | Sa'och is an endangered, nearly extinct Pearic language of Cambodia and Thailand. | | hNu3; tney | Old Mon | Myanmar and Thailand (in medieval Myanmar society.) | | ta53n; rit | Saek | Saek is a Tai language spoken in at least ten villages in Khammouane Province, Laos, and at least four villages in Nakhon Phanom Province in Northeastern Thailand. | | th~Nay | Surin | A dialect of the Northern Khmer language spoken in the Surin Province of Thailand | | tNay | Mon | southeastern Burma and western Thailand | | preahatit; tnay | Khmer | Official language of Cambodia. Also spoken in Vietnam. | | eza (\*); thngai (tnay) | Khmer | Khmer, or Cambodian, is the official language of Cambodia, where it is spoken by about 12 million people. There are also 2.5 million speakers abroad, mainly in Vietnam and Thailand. Khmer belongs to the Mon-Khmer group of the Austro-Asiatic family. | | san | Bislama | Vanuatu | | sani | Samre | Samre is a nearly extinct Pearic language of Thailand and, formerly, Cambodia. | | sani | Yarik | New Guinea, Indonesia | | ani | Kakara Buna | Papua New Guinea | | anal | Katbol Timbembe | Vanuatu island | | anʌ:za | Kare | Papua New Guinea | | anʌlε (an3lE) | Munit | Munit is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. | | an | Nyindrou | The Nyindrou language is a West Manus language spoken by approximately 4200 people in the westernmost part of Manus Island, Manus Province of Papua New Guinea. | | ant; ena | Medlpa | Melpa (also written Medlpa) is a Papuan language spoken by about 130,000 people predominantly in Mount Hagen and the surrounding district of Western Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea. | | enal | Katbol | Vanuatu island | | EnE7; eneʔ | Kosadle | Kosadle (Kosare) is an unclassified Papuan language of West Papua. | | d'al | Tampuan | Tampuan is the language of Tampuan people indigenous to the mountainous regions of Ratanakiri Province in Cambodia. | | hiN | Todrah | Todrah is an Austroasiatic language of Vietnam. | | hiŋ; isiŋ | Korupun-Sela-IPA | the dialect of the Korupun (Korapun) language. The Papuan language of West Papua. | | hiN | Nalca | Nalca (Naltya, Naltje) is a Papuan language of Papua (province) Indonesia. Alternative names are Hmanggona, Hmonono, Kimjal (Kimyal). | | hin | Yali Pass Valley | Yali (Yaly, Jale, Jaly) is a Papuan language of Indonesian New Guinea. The Yali people live east of the Baliem Valley, in the Western Highlands. Dialectical differentiation is great enough that Ethnologue assigns separate codes to three varieties: Pass Valley, also known as Abendago, North Ngalik, and Western Yali; subdialects are Pass Valley, Landikma, Apahapsili. | | hing | West Sela | THe dialect of Korupun (a Papuan language of West Papua). | | hivio | Morigi | Morigi is a Papuan language of Southern Papua New Guinea. | | hivio | Urama | Dialect of Kiwai language. Southern Papua New Guinea | | himio; ivio | Arigibi | Arigibi (Kiwai) is a Papuan language, or languages, of Southern Papua New Guinea. | | hibio | Gibaio | Alternate name: Kiwai. Papua New Guinea. | | agew, banua | Pangasinan language | Pangasinan, one of the Philippines languages of Austronesian language group, spoken in Pangasinan province. | | leso | Manggarai | Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) | | leza | Ngadha | Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) | | lero | Sika | Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) | | loyo | Kedang | Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) | | lodo | Hawu | Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) | | lodo | Dhao | Timor islands (Indonesia) | | ledo | Rotinese | Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) | | ledo | Bilba | Bilba (Belubaa) is a Central Malayo-Polynesian language of Roti Island, off Timor, Indonesia. | | liro | Bimanese | Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) | | ellew | Yakan | Philippines.(Sama-Bajaw; Austronesian; Asia) | | alongan | Maranao | Spoken in the Provinces of Lanao del Norte and Lanao del Sur, Philippines. | | saldan | Bicol (Bikol) | Philippine language spoken mostly in the Bicol Peninsula in the island of Luzon | | qadaw | Paiwan | Austronesian language family, Taiwan | | qardaw | Pandan | Philippines | | qanriw | Oas | Philippines | | qaldiw | Iriga (Agta) | Southern Philippines (Luzon, Bicol region, Camarines Sur Province, east of Iriga city, west of Lake Buhi). | | adlaw | Kagayanen | The Kagayanen language is spoken in the province of Palawan in the Philippines. | | adlaw | Kinaray-A | Kinaray-a is an Austronesian language spoken mainly in Antique Province in the Philippines. | | adlaw | Waray | Regional language in the Philippines. 2.6 million speakers. Self-name: Winaray. | | adlaw | Cebuano | Spoken on the Islands Cebu, Bohol, Negros Oriental, western parts of Leyte, some parts of Samar, Negros Occidental, Palawan, Biliran, Masbate, Mindanao, etc., Philippines. Over 16 million speakers. | | adlaw | Hiligaynon | Spoken on the Islands of Iloilo Provinces, Negros Occidental Province; Panay Island Group, Mindanao, etc., Philippines. | | adlaw | Aklanon | Philippines | | adlaw | Waray Waray | Philippines, Eastern Visayas | | ado; odo | Bariai | the Northwestern coast of the Island of New Britain in the West New Britain Province of Papua New Guinea. | | ado; ando | Anem | The Anem language is a language isolate spoken in five main villages along the Northwestern coast of New Britain island, Papua New Guinea. | | adaN | Ulau | Ulau-Suain is an Austronesian language of coastal Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea. | | ane | Buna | Papua New Guinea | | ande | Chimbu | Kuman (also Chimbu or Simbu) is a language of Chimbu Province, Papua New Guinea | | and~3ra | Wadaginam | Wadaginam is a divergent Madang language of the Adelbert Range of Papua New Guinea. | | andew | Western Bukidnon Manobo | Southern Bukidnon Province, the Philippines. | | ad | Gedaged | Gedaged is an Austronesian language spoken by about 7000 people in coastal villages and on islands in Astrolabe Bay, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | ad | Takia | Takia is an Austronesian language spoken on Karkar Island, Bagabag Island, and coastal villages Megiar and Serang, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | amwo | Wiaki | Wiaki, a.k.a. Minidien, is a nearly extinct Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea. | | qaldaw | Libon | Philippines | | qadlaw | Masbatenyo | Masbateno or Minasbate is a Bicol-Visayan language spoken by more than 600,000 people, primarily in the province of Masbate in the Philippines. | | qadlaw | Northern Sorsogon | the Philippines | | qadlaw | Southern Sorsogon | the Bicol Peninsula of Luzon Island in the Philippines. | | qaldaw | Legazpi | Philippines | | qaldaw | Naga | Kuki-Chin; Sino-Tibetan; Asia. There are three dialects - Mao, Tangkhul, Zeme. | | qaldaw | Southern Catanduanes | Southern Catanduanes Bikol, or Virac, is one of the Bikol languages of Catanduanes in the Philippines. | | qaldaw | Buhi | the Philippines | | qaldaw | Daraga | Philippines | | qardaw | Northern Catanduanes | Philippins | | allaw | Pangutaran Sama | Spoken on the Island of Pangutaran and the Islands of Palawan Province. Philippines. | | aldaw | Central Tagbanwa | Philippines, the Puerto Princesa island | | 7adlaw | Romblomanon | Romblomanon is an Austronesian regional language spoken, along with Asi and Onhan, in the province of Romblon in the Philippines. | | 7aldaw | Tagbanua Aborlan | Aborlan Tagbanwa is spoken on Palawan Island in the Philippines. | | tadau | Kadazan | Malaysia (Sabah) | | aldo | Kapampangan | Philippines. | | law | Sangil | Sangil is a language of Philippines. It is spoken in Mindanao, Balut and Sarangani islands. | | ald3w | Canipaan Palawan | Palawan Province. Philippines | | 3ld3w | Quezon Palawan | the language in the province of Palawan, Philippines. | | 3ld3w | Brookes Point Palawan | Fillippines, the Palawan island | | atdao; atdaw | Chamoru | Chamorro (or Chamoru) is an Austronesian language spoken by about 47,000 people (about 35,000 people on Guam and about 12,000 in the Northern Mariana Islands in the Pacific Ocean) | | aldaw | Binukid | Spoken on the Island of Mindanao, Philippines. | | aldaw | Palawan Batak | Austronesian language family, Taiwan | | aldew | Agta, Casiguran Dumagat | one of the languages of the Northeastern part of the large Northern Philippine island of Luzon | | aldew | Agta, Dupaninan | one of the languages of the Northeastern part of the large Northern Philippine island of Luzon | | aldew | Agta, Pahanan | one of the languages of the Northeastern part of the large Northern Philippine island of Luzon | | algew; init | Bontok | Philippines (Northern Luzon; Austronesian; Asia). | | algew; init | Central Bontok | Philippines | | apseng; init | Bontoc—Guinaang | Philippines | | init | Iloko | Iloko (Ilocano; Ilokano) is the third most-spoken native language of the Philippines. An Austronesian language. | | init | Hanunoo | Philippines | | init | Sauthern Kalinga | Philippines. | | init | Limos Kalinga | Kalinga Province in the Philippines | | init | Minangali | an Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines. | | apseng | Bontok Ili Bontoc (?) | Philippines | | argew | Ma-init Bontoc | Philippines | | garo | Sinaugoro | Papua New Guinea | | vara; varang | Molima | Papua New Guinea | | ururo | Warembori | South Halmahera - West New Guinea; Austronesian; Asia | | re; rere | Irarutu | South Halmahera - West New Guinea; Austronesian; Asia | | er | Burmbar | Vanuatu | | or | Biak | South Halmahera - West New Guinea; Austronesian; Asia | | hurra; wirendomu | Kaladdarsch | Other names for the Kaladdarsch language: (Kimaama, Kimaghama, Kimaghima, Teri-Kalwasch). Indonesia, Eastern Papua | | era; hurra | Kimaghama | Kimaama, or Kimaghama, is a language spoken on Yos Sudarso Island in Papua province, Indonesia. | | era | Gawil | Papua New Guinea | | era | Umbu Ungu | (alt name for Umbu-Ungu: Andelale) Papua New Guinea | | rei | Kombai | Awju-Dumut; Trans-New Guinea; Asia | | rEi | Wanggom | a Papuan language of Indonesian New Guinea | | rea | Fila | Fila is a Polynesian language spoken in Mele Ifira on the island of Efate in Vanuatu | | rea | Mele | Mele is a Polynesian language spoken in Mele on the island of Efate in Vanuatu | | orawai | Waropen | South Halmahera - West New Guinea; Austronesian; Asia | | ora; seba | Mor | South Halmahera - West New Guinea; Austronesian; Asia | | worem | Waskia | Madang; Trans-New Guinea. | | worom | Usan | Madang; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania | | sanggwa | Angave | 1600 people in Kereme District, Gulf Province, Papua New Guinea. | | war | Abui | it is spoken in the central part of Alor island in Eastern Indonesia | | w'ar | Takalelang Abui | the central part of Alor island in Eastern Indonesia | | w'ar-i | Atimelang Abui | the central part of Alor island in Eastern Indonesia | | wa | Aruop | Aruop is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea. Speakers of the language call the language Srenge or Lawu Srenge, where lawu is the Srenge word for 'language'. | | waf | Nabi | Nabi (Nambi), a.k.a. Metan, is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea. | | warang | Kairiru | the language spoken mainly on Kairiru and Mushu islands and in several coastal villages on the mainland between Cape Karawop and Cape Samein near Wewak in East Sepik Province of Papua New Guinea. | | varae | Sudest | Papua New Guinea (Oceanic; Austronesian; Australia and Oceania) | | naare | Kewa | Papua New Guinea (Engan; Trans-New Guinea; Australia and Oceania) | | aro | Chuave-Capell | Papua New Guinea. | | aro | Demisa | New Guinea (Indonesia) | | aro | Lusi | Papua New Guinea | | auro | Boliano | Philippines | | aurorEi | Saponi | Saponi is an extinct Papuan language of Indonesia. | | aulo | Sambal | Philippines | | ao | Gadsup Agarabi | Papua New Guinea | | ar; are | Dom | Dom is a Trans-New Guinea language of Chimbu Province, Papua New Guinea. | | ar | Rerep | The Rerep language is one of the great many languages of the Malakula Coast group spoken in Vanuatu. | | ar | Unua | Unua, or Onua, is an Oceanic language spoken in east Malakula, Vanuatu. | | ara | Tauya | Madang; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania | | ara | Apiaca | Apiaca is a Tupi language of the Apiaca people of the upper Rio Tapajos area of Mato Grosso, Brazil. | | aran | Tangko | Tangko is a somewhat divergent Ok language of West Papua. | | arao; ra | Giri | Kire (Giri) is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea. | | araw | Ibatan | The Ibatan (Ivatan) is an Austronesian language spoken in the Batanes Islands. | | araw | Itbayaten | Philippines | | araw | Philippine language | (Philippino) | | araw | Tagalog | (or Filipino, its standardized version) - one of the main languages of the Philippines. Belongs to the western branch of Philippine zone of Austronesian family of languages. | | araw | Yami (Tao) | the austronesian language of the Yami people of Orchid Island, 46 kilometers southeast of Taiwan. | | arawer | Taiap (Tayap) | Taiap (also called Gapun, after the name of the village in which it is spoken) is an endangered language isolate spoken by around a hundred people in the East Sepik Province of Papua New Guinea. | | are; aro | Chuave-Swick | Chuave is a Trans-New Guinea language of Chimbu Province, Papua New Guinea. | | haro | Kerepunu | N. Guinee (\*). | | haro | Keapara | Papua New Guinea | | hare | Opao | Opao is a Trans-New Guinea language of Papua New Guinea. | | hare (\*) | Orokolo | Eleman Proper; Eleman; Australia and Oceania. Papua N. Guinee | | haro | Nakanai | Papua New Guinea | | are; ori | Golin | Chimbu; Trans-New Guinea; Australia & Oceania | | are | Boumai | Papua New Guinea | | are | Dom-Boumai | Papua New Guinea. | | are | Madurese | Indonesia, the Yawa Timur island | | are | Sinasina | Sinasina is a language of Simbu Province, Papua New Guinea. | | arem; armu | Mikarew | Aruamu a.k.a. Mikarew (Mikarup, Makarup, Makarub), also Ariawiai (Mikarew-Ariaw), is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea. | | armu | Mikarew Makarub | Papua New Guinea | | yalo | Baetora Nasawa | Vanuatu | | elo | New Hebrides (?) | New Hebrides was the colonial name for an island group in the South Pacific that now forms the nation of Vanuatu, named after the Scottish archipelago. Native people had inhabited the islands for thousands of years before the first Europeans arrived (\*). | | ealo | Baetora Navenevene | Vanuatu | | ealo | Baetora Tam | Vanuatu | | ealo | Baetora Narovorovo | Baetora, or South Maewo, is an Oceanic language spoken on Maewo, Vanuatu. There is a large degree of dialectal diversity. | | alo (aro) | Hula | (N. Guinee) New Celebes (\*) | | alo | Araki | An endangered language of Vanuatu in the South Pacific, spoken by only 8 speakers today; an Oceanic language spoken in the small island of the same name, close to Espiritu Santo island, in Northern Vanuatu. | | alo | Raga | Vanuatu | | alo | Tangoa | Vanuatu | | alo | Baetora | Baetora, or South Maewo, is an Oceanic language spoken on Maewo, Vanuatu. | | alo | Tagabawa | Tagabawa is a Manobo language of Davao City and Mount Apo in Mindanao, the Philippines. | | alo | Amblong | an Oceanic language spoken in the south of Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu. | | alo | Fortsenal | (alt. name is Kiai) a vernacular of a native people in the highlands of the central Espiritu Santo Island, Sanma Province, Republic of Vanuatu. | | alo | South Malo | Tamambo, or Malo, is an Oceanic language spoken by 4,000 people on Malo and nearby islands in Vanuatu. | | alo | Morouas Batunlamak | North-West part of Vanuatu | | alo | Merlav | Mwerlap is an Oceanic language spoken in the south of the Banks Islands in Vanuatu. | | alo | Merlav Merig | an Oceanic language spoken at the Gaya, Mere-Lava, Merig islands in Vanuatu | | alo | Morouas | Morouas (Moruas) is an Oceanic language spoken in central Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu. | | alo | Lakona | Lakona (Lakon) is an Oceanic language, spoken on the west coast of Gaua island in Vanuatu. | | alo | Hano | Hano (alt. name is Raga) is the language of Northern Pentecost island in Vanuatu. | | alo | Peterara | Central Maewo, also known as Peterara after one of its dialects, is an Oceanic language spoken on Maewo, Vanuatu. | | alo | Nokuku | Nokuku (Nogugu) is an Oceanic language spoken in the North of Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu. | | alo | North Malo | Vanuatu | | alo | Wuvulu-Aua | The language is one of three Western Admiralty Islands languages, the other two being Seimat and the extinct Kaniet. The language is spoken on Wuvulu and Aua Islands by 1500 people in the Manus Province of Papua New Guinea. Austronesian language family. | | \*alo | Proto-Micronesian | Austronesian language family. | | alo | Tutuba | Tutuba is an Oceanic language spoken in Vanuatu on the southeast tip of Espiritu Santo Island and on Tutuba Island offshore. | | alon | Ninggirum Kawoma | The central region of Papua New Guinea. | | alo | Wailapa | Wailapa, or Ale, is an Oceanic language spoken on Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu. | | alo | Bada Indonesia | ino?ia Noeaaane (Indonesia) | | awlo | Tina Sambal (Sambali; Tina) | Spoken in Luzon, Philippines. | | walo | Nume | Nume (also called Gog and Tarasag) is an Oceanic language spoken on Gaua island in Vanuatu. | | aloa | Marino | Vanuatu | | oalo | Lemolang | Indonesia, Sulawesi island | | la | Tuvaluan | Tuvaluan, often called Tuvalu, is a Polynesian language of or closely related to the Ellicean group spoken in Tuvalu. | | la | Onjob | Onjob is a Papuan language of New Guinea. | | la | Takuu Mortlock | Takuu (also Mortlock, Taku, Tau, or Tauu) is a Polynesian language spoken on the atoll of Takuu, near Bougainville Island. It is very closely related to Nukumanu and Nukuria from Papua New Guinea | | la | Samoan | Samoan is the language of the Samoan Islands, comprising the Independent State of Samoa and the United States territory of American Samoa. | | la | Nanumea | Nanumea is the Northwesternmost atoll in the Polynesian nation of Tuvalu, a group of nine coral atolls and islands spread over about 400 miles (640 km) of Pacific Ocean just south of the equator and west of the International Date Line. | | la | Nukuoro | Micronesia | | la | Tokelau (Oieaeao) | Tokelauan is a Polynesian language spoken in Tokelau and on Swains Island (or Olohega) in American Samoa. | | la | Matbat | Indonesia, the Misool island | | la | Xokleng | Xokleng is a Ge language spoken by the Xokleng people of Brazil. | | la'a | Faka Futuna | Oceanic; Austronesian; Australia & Oceania | | la7a | Futuna East | the Futuna island (Pasific ocean) | | la7a | Wallisian East Uvean | Polynesian language spoken on Wallis. | | algo | Ifugaw | Philippines | | lare | Kaki Ae | Papua New Guinea | | lara | Manombai | Papua Indonesia | | lara | Waimaa | Indonesia | | lau | Bosman | Bosman (Bosmun, Bosngun) is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea. | | lea | Buru Masarete | Indonesia, the Buru Island | | lea | Buru | Buru or Buruese (Indonesian: Bahasa Buru) is a Malayo-Polynesian languages of the Central Maluku branch. Indonesian island of Buru. | | lea | Kayeli | Kayeli is an extinct Austronesian language once used by the Kayeli people of the Indonesian island Buru. Two dialects were recognized, namely Leliali (Liliali) and Lumaete (Lumaiti, Mumaite, Lumara). | | vela | Pileni | The Pileni language is a Polynesian language spoken in some of the Reef Islands as well as in the Taumako Islands (also known as the Duff Islands). | | oleo | Tolaki Wiwirano | Indonesia | | olo | Northern Tukang Besi | Tukang Besi is an Austronesian language spoken in the Tukangbesi Islands in southeast Sulawesi in Indonesia by a quarter million speakers. | | olo | Tukang Besi | Tukang Besi is an Austronesian language spoken in the Tukangbesi Islands in southeast Sulawesi in Indonesia by a quarter million speakers. | | olo (lo) | Wetamut Dorig | Dorig (sometimes called Wetamut) is an Oceanic language spoken on Gaua island in Vanuatu. | | oloyo mata-no | Banggai | Indonesia | | olopa | Kandawo | Kandawo, also known as Narake (but see related Narak) is a Trans-New Guinea language of Western Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea. | | lopa | Narak | Papua New Guinea | | al | Eton Vanuatu | Eton is a small Oceanic language of Vanuatu, in the southeast of Efate Island. | | al | Pelipowai | Papua New Guinea | | al | Seimat | Papua New Guinea | | al | South Efate | Language spoken on the island of Efate in Central Vanuatu, Melanesia, in the South Pacific. | | al | Namakura | The Makura language, Namakura or Namakir, is an Oceanic language of Vanuatu. | | al | South Efate Pango | Central Vanuatu, Melanesia | | al | Malua Bay Petarmur | an Oceanic language spoken in Northwest Malakula, Vanuatu. | | al | Larevat | Larevat is an Oceanic language of central Malakula, Vanuatu. | | al | Lingarak | Lingarak, also known as Neverver, is an Oceanic language. Neverver is spoken in Malampa Province, in central Malakula, Vanuatu. | | al | Naman | Litzlitz, also known as Naman, is an endangered Oceanic language of central Malakula, Vanuatu. | | al | Malfaxal | Alternate names: Malvaxal-Toman Island, Naha'ai, Taman, Tomman. Where spoken: Vanuatu. | | al | Mae | Alt. name is North Small Nambas. Spoken at Vanuatu. | | al | Orap | Vanuatu ? | | al | Uripiv | Uripiv is a dialect of the language spoken on the North-east coast of Malakula (Vanuatu). | | al | Vao | Vao is an Austronesian language of the Oceanic branch spoken by about 1,900 people on Vao Island and on the nearby shores of Malakula Island, Vanuatu. | | al | Rano | Uripiv, or more precisely Uripiv-Wala-Rano-Atchin, is a language spoken on Vanuatu. (?) | | al | Vinmavis | Vinmavis, also known as Neve'ei, is an Oceanic language of central Malakula, Vanuatu. | | al | South Efate Erakor | Central Vanuatu, Melanesia | | al | South Efate Eratap | Central Vanuatu, Melanesia | | al | Mpotovoro | Mpotovoro is an Oceanic language spoken at the North tip of Malakula, Vanuatu. | | al | Pinalum | Vanuatu | | al | Comecrudo | the estern Mexico | | el | Malua Bay | Malua Bay is an Oceanic language spoken in Northwest Malakula, Vanuatu. | | el | Maragus | Maragus is a nearly extinct Oceanic language of central Malakula, Vanuatu. | | ale; metenial | Dixon Reef | Dixon Reef is one of the Malakula Interior languages of Vanuatu. | | tenia | Biami | Papua New Guinea | | nal | South West Bay Benour | Malayo Polynesian (to the East from Australia) | | nal | South West Bay Lembinwen | Malayo Polynesian (to the East from Australia) | | lo; na-lo | Mwotlap | Mwotlap (formerly known as Motlav) is an Oceanic language spoken by about 2,100 people in Vanuatu. | | lo | Benabena | Benabena (Bena) is a Papuan language spoken in the Goroka District of Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea. | | lo | Lemerig | Lemerig (sometimes also called Pak, Pak, or Sasar) is an Oceanic language spoken on Vanua Lava, in Vanuatu. Lemerig is no longer actively spoken. The 2 remaining speakers live on the Northern coast of the island. | | lo | Vures (Vureas) | Vanuatu (Banks Islands, island of Vanua Lava) | | lo | Mosina Vetumboso | Vanuatu (Banks Islands, island of Vanua Lava) | | lo | Vatrata Sasar | Vanuatu | | lo | Lehali | Vanuatu | | luo | Vatrata | Vera’a (or Vatrata) is a language of Vanua Lava Island in Vanuatu. | | luo | Veraa | Vera’a (or Vatrata) is a language of Vanua Lava Island in Vanuatu. | | loa | Mota | Mota is an Oceanic language spoken by about 750 people on Mota island, in the Banks Islands of Vanuatu. | | loro | Tetum | It's one of the native language of East Timor {Indonesia). | | loro | Habu | Papua (Indonesia) | | lE | Lehalurup | Northern part of Vanuatu | | na-lo | Motlav | Vanuatu | | t'aai; aai; t'aaik; taai; taaik; tahahi | Kiribati | Kiribati is a Micronesian language spoken mainly in the island of Kiribati, an island nation of 32 atolls in the central tropical Pacific Ocean. It has about 60,000 speakers. | | l'ara | Waimaha | Waimaha is an endangered language from the world's newest independent nation, Timor Lorosa'e, or East Timor. The Tucanoan language family. | | aenet | Satawalese | Satawalese is a language spoken on the island of Satawal, located in the Federated States of Micronesia. | | s3u (seu) | Pingelapese | The Pingelapese language is a Micronesian language native to Pingelap, an atoll belonging to the state of Pohnpei in the Federated States of Micronesia. | | fEt | Kosraean | Kosraean, sometimes rendered Kusaiean, is the language spoken on the islands of Kosrae (Kusaie), Caroline Islands, and Nauru (Micronesia). | | mattongai | Koho | Sre or Koho is a Bahnaric language spoken in the region around the city of Di Linh in Vietnam, by the Degar (or Montagnard) people. | | mat tonge | Koho Lach | Vietnam | | mat pleN | Katu Eastern | Vietnam | | mat pleN | Katu | Katu, or Low Katu, is a Katuic language of eastern Laos and central Vietnam. | | mat nar | Chrau | a Bahnaric language spoken by some of the 22,000 ethnic Cho Ro people in southern Vietnam. | | matNay | Jeh | Jeh (also spelled Die, Gie, Yaeh) is a language spoken by more than fifteen thousand people in Vietnam. | | mat ngay | Halang | Bahnaric; Austro-Asiatic; Asia | | mat hnguy | Cua | Bahnaric; Austro-Asiatic; Asia | | matpri | Khmu' | Khmu is the language of the Khmu people of the Northern Laos region. | | met kto | Chewong | (Cheq Wong, Ceq Wong) is an aboriginal Mon-Khmer language spoken in Malaya. | | kit kto7 | Jahai | Malaysia | | mat k3to7 | Jah Hut | Malaysia | | mat kh~alaN | Thavung So | Thavung or Aheu is a language spoken by the Phon Sung people in Laos and Thailand. | | mat yis | Semelai | an Austroasiatic language spoken in the Malay Peninsula. | | mat tl3y | Mung Koi | Northern Vietnam | | mat ni | Mang | Northern Vietnam | | mat hi | Rengao | It is spoken in parts of south and central Vietnam. | | mat troi [matchoy] | Vietnamese | belongs to the Austronesian language family (Viet-Muong group). | | mat mahi | Hre | Hre is a North Bahnaric language of central Vietnam. | | manaN; mat mnaN | Bru | Laos | | m3tpl3y (m3ot pl3i) | Ruc | the minor Vietic language called Ruc, spoken by about 190 people 2 in the rather isolated highlands of North-Central Vietnam. | | m3niaN | Kui Thailand | Thailand | | madua; malua | Na Khe Gelao | Southern China and Northern Vietnam | | mataimasa | Merei | Merey is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Northern Cameroon (!). | | mat3oharae | Kerinci | Kerinci (Karinchi or Kincai) is a Malayan language spoken in Jambi province, Sumatra especially in Kerinci Regency and Sungai Penuh city. | | matari | Mualang | Mualang is a Ibanic Dayak language of Borneo. | | matari | Ai Banda | South Maluku (Moluccas), Indonesia. | | matara | Emae | Emae is a Polynesian outlier language of Vanuatu. | | matahari | Malay | It is the national language of Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei, and it is one of four official languages of Singapore. Spoken at Sumatra island, at the Malay Peninsula and in coastal regions of Borneo island. | | marahari; surya; mentari | Indonesian | The state language of Republic of Indonesia. This is an Austronesian language, and is part of Malay language branch of this language family. | | matahari | Banjar | the language of Banjars. This is one of Malay-polinesian languages of Austronesian language family. Matahari means 'Eye of Day' | | mata hari | Iban | (jaku Iban) is spoken by the Iban, a branch of the Dayak ethnic group formerly known as 'Sea Dayak' who live in Sarawak, the Indonesian province of Kalimantan Barat and in Brunei. (Malayo-Sumbawan; Austronesian; Asia) | | matahari | Sekola Lonthoir Banda | Indonesia | | matahari | Sekola Neira Banda | Indonesia | | matahari | Alor Malay | Indonesia | | matahari | Betawi | Creoles and Pidgins; other; Asia | | matahari | Kupang Malay | West Timor, Indonesia. | | matahari | Manadonese | Papua Indonesia | | matohari | Delang | Borneo (Indonesia) | | matohari | Jambi Malay | Indonesia | | matamalai | Lele | The Manus island (Papua New Guinea) | | mataari | Remun | Remun, or Milikin, is a Ibanic Dayak language of Borneo. | | mataari | Sebuyau | Sebuyau is a Malayic Dayak language of Borneo | | mata7ari | Selako | Kendayan, or Salako (Selako), is a Malayic Dayak language of Borneo. | | mate ari7t | Lom | the dialect of Bangka Malay (Indonesia) | | mata n-ahi (matanai) | Balinese | Indonesia (Java and Bali islands). (There are several Balinese languages indeed, not less than four) | | mata n-ahi | Balinese | Indonesia | | mataniari | Angkola | Austronesian language of Sumatra. | | mata ni ari; mata wari | Hata Batak | Dairi Batak (Batak Toba, Batta or Hata Batak Toba) is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken in the Northern part of the Indonesian island of Sumatra. | | war | Tifol Afeng Abui | Alor Archipelago, Indonesia | | wari | Zia | Zia is a Papuan language spoken in the Lower Waria Valley in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. | | matEanrau | Ma'anyan | Ma'anyan or Ma'anjan or Maanyak Dayak is an Austronesian language belonging to the East Barito languages. It is spoken by about 150,000 Ma'anyan people living in the central Kalimantan, Indonesia. | | mataesso | Bugis | one of the Indonesian languages. Spoken at Southwestern part of Sulawesi island and in other regions of Indonesia. There are about 4 mil. of speakers. | | mata essoh | Buginese | (Basa Ugi, Bahasa Bugis, Bugis, Bugi, De) is a language spoken by about five million people mainly in the Southern part of Sulawesi, Indonesia. | | matase7at | Dampelasa | Dampelas (Dampal) is a Celebic language of Sulawesi in Indonesia. | | matanuoloyo | Dondo | Dondo is a Celebic language of Sulawesi in Indonesia. | | moto7ando | Rampi | Rampi is a language of Central and South Sulawesi, Indonesia. | | mato adow | Tidong | Tidong is a Sabahan language of Borneo. | | mot kon | Malieng | Laos | | mas; masu | Narango | Narango is an Oceanic language spoken on the south coast of Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu. | | maten aho | East Ambae Lolomatui | at the Northern part of the Vanuatu island | | mato haxi | Malay Pattani | Malaysia | | mata alo | Bantaeng | South Sulawesi, Indonesia (?) | | mata-i-alo | Central Santo | The family of Santo languages is a subgroup of the Vanuatu languages. | | mata allo | Aralle-Tabulahan | South Sulawesi (Indonesia); Austronesian; Asia | | mata allo | Aralle | Indonesia | | mata allo | Mambi | (Aralle-Tabulahan: Mambi) Indonesia | | mata allo | Campbell Tabulahan | Indonesia. | | mata allo | Mckenzie Tabulahan | Indonesia. | | mata allo | Dama Dama | Dama may refer to Indonesian language | | mata allo | Pallu | (?) Palu'e (also spelled Palue and Paluqe; native name Lu'a) is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken on Palu'e Island, Indonesia. | | mata allo | Taupe | Indonesia (?) | | mata allo | Rantepalado | Indonesia | | matolodulahu | Gorontalo | Greater Central Philippine; Northern Sulavesi, Indinesia (Gorontalo province) | | mata allo | Saludengan | Sulawesi (Indonesia) | | mata allo | Salu Huhu | Sulawesi (Indonesia) | | mata allo | Salu Maka | Sulawesi (Indonesia) | | mata allo | Tanete | Indonesia (?) | | mata allo | Sepang | in the Southern part of the state of Selangor in Malaysia. | | mata allo | Sodangan | Sulawesi | | mata allo | Taora | Indonesia | | mata allo | Botteng | Sulawesi (Indonesia) | | mata allo | Kiha | Indonesia, the western part of the Sulawesi island | | mata allo | Kondo | the Sulawesi island, the Barat province, Indonesia | | mata allo | Konjo | the Sulawesi island, the Selatan province, Indonesia | | mata allo | Matanangnga | Indonesia, Misool island | | mata allo | Mehalaan | Sulawesi island (Indonesia) | | mata allo | Minangnga | Sulawesi island, Indonesia | | matalau | Tanjong | Tanjong (Tanjung) language, which is spoken near the town of Kapit (Malaysia). | | mata7ari | Salako Badamea | Western Indonesia | | mata7ari | Tamuan | Indonesia | | m3t | North Tanna | North Tanna is a language spoken on the Northern coast of Tanna Island in Vanuatu. | | m3t th~3Ni7 | Chong H | Cambodia | | m3t | Lenakel Lenaukas | in the Southern part of Vanuatu | | m3t | Lenakel Lonasilian | in the Southern part of Vanuatu | | m3 | Karen Pao | language of the people at the Southwestern China | | m3 | Sgaw | S'gaw, also known as Karen and S'gaw Kayin, is a Karen language spoken by S'gaw Karen people in Burma and in Thailand. | | m3si | Qiang Yadu | Sichuan Province, China | | m3si | Taoping (Southern Qiang) | a Sino-Tibetan language of the Qiangic branch spoken by approximately 81,300 people along the Minjiang river in Sichuan Province, China. | | maxua | Hongfeng Gelao | Southern China | | mch~a | Katso | language of the people in southern China | | mataondo | Boano | North Sulavesi, Indonesia | | mataondo | Totoli | Totoli also known as Tolitoli is a Sulawesi language of the Austronesian language family spoken by 25,000 people of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. | | mataondo | Boano | Malaysia, at Northern part of Sulawesi island | | matanano | Bidayuh Bau | at the western part of Borneo Island (Malaysia) | | mataNadau | Bisaya Sabah | Malaysia | | matadau | Tutong | The Tutong language is a language spoken by approximately 17,000 people in Brunei (Southeast Asia). | | mEtE eo | Daa (Da'a ? Kaili) | Indonesia | | matanand~au | Ngaju Baamang | Ngaju is an Austronesian language spoken along the Kapuas, Kahayan, Katingan, and Mentaya Rivers in Central Borneo, Indonesia. It is closely related to Bakumpai language. There are three dialects — Pulopetak, Ba'amang, and Mantangai. | | matEanrau | Dusun Witu | Dusun Witu, or Witu, is a language spoken by the Dusun people of Borneo that is closely related to Malagasy on Madagascar. | | matEanrau | Malang | Dusun Malang, or Malang, is a language spoken by the Dusun people of Borneo that is closely related to Malagasy on Madagascar. | | matEanrau | Paku | Paku (Bakau) is an endangered language of Borneo. | | matEanrau | Samihim | Indonesia | | mata uroe (‘eye of the day’) | Acehnese | Indonesia | | mitna8e | Labo | Labo (also Ninde, Nide, Meaun, Mewun) is an Oceanic language spoken by about 1,100 people in the Southwest Bay area of Malakula island, in Vanuatu. | | matan mas | Narango Nambel | Pasific ocean | | matemaso | Mafea | (also known as Mavea or Mavia) is an Oceanic language spoken on the island of Mavea in Vanuatu, off the eastern coast of Espiritu Santo. | | matanamaso | Piamatsina | Piamatsina is an Oceanic language spoken in the North of Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu. | | matamaso | Tasmate | Tasmate is an Oceanic language spoken in the North of Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu. | | mata ari7 | Indonesian Jakarta | Indonesia | | mata 7are7 | Semelai | Semelai is an Austroasiatic language spoken in the Malay Peninsula. | | mataari | Urak Lawoi | Urak Lawoi is an Aboriginal Malay language of Southern Thailand. | | matanamasa | Malmariv | Malmariv/Merei is an Oceanic language spoken in North central Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu. | | matanamasa | Navut | Navut is an Oceanic language spoken in central Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu. | | matanamaso | Piamatsina | Piamatsina is an Oceanic language spoken in the North of Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu. | | matanamaso | Vunapu | Vunapu is an Oceanic language spoken in Northern Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu. | | matanmaso | Wusi Nonona | an Oceanic language spoken on Vanuatu | | mw~aso (maso) | Valpei | Valpei (Valpei-Hukua) is an Oceanic language spoken on the Northern tip of Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu. | | matadiu | Narom | Narom language (sometimes spelled Narum) is a Malayo-Polynesian language of the Lower Baram branch. It is spoken by some 2,420 Narom people in Sarawak, Malaysia, and particularly in the Miri Division and the area south of Baram River mouth. | | mat r3baN | Pacoh | central Laos and central Vietnam. | | matakula | Budong Budong | Budong-Budong is an Austronesian language of Sulawesi, Indonesia | | mata kulla7 | Tarinding | Sulawesi, Indonesia | | matasekat; sekat | Balaesan | a language of Indonesia | | mata daw (eye of the day) | Bintulu | Indonesia | | mata adaw (eye of the day) | Bisaya | Indonesia | | mata in singai (eye of the day) | Bolaang | Indonesia | | mata ni siNa (matanisiga) | Fijian | the Western Viti island (in Pacific Ocean) | | matam balal | Simalur | Northwest Sumatra Barrier Islands | | mata7oleo | Tolaki Laiwui | Indonesia | | mata7oleo | Tomadino | Tomadino is an Austronesian language of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. | | mata7oleo | Tolaki Mekongga | Indonesia | | mata7oleo | Kapontori | Indonesia | | mataoleo | Waru | Waru is an Austronesian language of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. | | mataoleo | Waru Lalomerui | Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia | | mataoleo | Wawonii Menui | Wawonii is an Austronesian language of Menui (in Morowali Regency, Central Sulawesi) island of Indonesia. | | mataoleo | Moronene | Indonesia | | mataoleo | Koroni | Indonesia | | mata7eo | Uma | Uma (known natively as Pipikoro) is a language spoken in Central and South Sulawesi, Indonesia. | | matanuoloyo | Tomini | Tomini, or Tialo, is a Celebic language of Sulawesi in Indonesia. | | mataCo | Tring | Tring is one of the languages of Borneo, in Sarawak. | | mete ai | Paama Laul | Vanuatu | | mete iai | Paama Lironesa | Vanuatu | | meten eai | Southeast Ambrym Maat | Vanuatu | | meten iai | Southeast Ambrym Toak | Vanuatu | | mataiyo | Wotu | Wotu is an endangered Austronesian language of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. | | matan aho | West Ambae | West Ambae (also known as Duidui and Opa) is an Oceanic language spoken on Ambae, Vanuatu. | | mataimw~aho | Wusi Valui | an Oceanic language spoken on Vanuatu | | mataemw~aho | Wusi Mana | an Oceanic language spoken on Vanuatu | | matalaNit | Western Penan | Malaysia | | matZis(mat Tis) | Semai | Semai is a Mon–Khmer language of western Malaysia spoken by about 44,000 Semai people. | | mataCiu | Central Berawan | the Borneo island (Malaysia) | | tamaCiu; matatiu | East Berawan | Malaysia, the Borneo island | | matalau | Kanowit | Malaysia, nothern area of the Borneo island | | matarau | Kiput | Malaysia | | matarau | Lelak | Malaysia | | matuano | Lara | Malaysia | | matahlau | Daro Matu | the Borneo island (Malaysia) | | bilag; mata | Dibagat-Kabugao-Isneg | Northern Philippines | | bilag | Casiguran Negrito | Philippines | | mata | Isnag | Philippines, the Cagayan island | | matanueleo | Pendau | Pendau (Ndau), or Umalasa, is a Celebic language of Sulawesi in Indonesia. | | matanueleo | Taje Tanampedagi | The North of Indonesia | | mata7eo | Sarudu | Sarudu is an Austronesian language of West Sulawesi, Indonesia. | | mata7ajo | Laiyolo | Indonesia | | mata alo | Selayar | Selayar or Selayarese is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken by about 100,000 people on the island of Selayar in South Sulawesi province, Indonesia. | | mata alo | Coastal Konjo | Sulawesi (Indonesia) | | mata-i-alo | Central Santo | Philippines | | matai alo | Navut Matae | Matae/Navut, spoken on the island of Espiritu Santo | | mata7olo | Padoe | Padoe is an Austronesian language of the Celebic branch. It was traditionally spoken in the rolling plains south of Lake Matano in South Sulawesi province. | | matanueleo | Pendau | Pendau (Ndau), or Umalasa, is a Celebic language of Sulawesi in Indonesia. | | mete alo | Paama Faulili | the Faulili dialect of Paama (Vanuatu) | | met kato7 | Kensiw | Malaysia | | matE7olo | Lawangan | Lawangan is an Austronesian language of the East Barito group. It is spoken by about 100,000 Lawangan people (one of the Dayak peoples) living in the central Kalimantan, Indonesia. | | matalo | Bukitan | Indonesia, Borneo island | | matanand~au | Kapuas Kahayan | Indonesia | | matow odow | Burusu | Indonesia, Borneo island | | matasdat | Bolongan | Borneo island (Indonesia) | | mataso | Campalagian | The Sulawesi island (Indonesia) | | as | Gumalu | Gumalu is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. | | as3 | Grand Couli | The Grande Terre island (near Vanuatu) | | as3 | Tiri | Tiri (Ciri), or Mea (Ha Mea), is an Oceanic language of New Caledonia. | | se | Dehu | an Austronesian language. New Caledonia | | aso | East Ambae Lolsiwoi | Northern part of the Vanuatu island | | aso | Pele-Ata | The Ata language, also known as Pele-Ata after its two dialects, or Wasi, is a language isolate spoken on New Britain island, Papua New Guinea. | | aso | Tolo | Solomon islands | | 7a7; a7 | Bukawac | (Bukawa, Bukaua, Bukawac]. Austronesian language. | | 7a | Labu | an Austronesian language spoken among 1,600 people (1989) in three older villages and one new one across the Markham River from Lae in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. | | aho | Bugotu (Bughotu) | Solomon islands | | aho | East Ambae Wailengi | in Northern part of the Vanuatu island | | aho | Nggela | Austronesian language family. | | aho | Niue (Niuean ?) | Austronesian language family. Australia ond Oceania. | | ah | Rempi | Rempi is a Madang language of Papua New Guinea. | | maho | Wusi Kerepua | Wusi (Wusi-Kerepua) is an Oceanic language spoken on the west coast of Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu. | | matai alo | Akei Penantsiro | Vanuatu | | mataimasa | Lametin | Vanuatu | | matahina | Kodeoha | Indonesia | | matahina | Rahambuu | Rahambuu is an Austronesian language of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. | | matanond~ou | Murung Siang | Indonesia, the Borneo island | | riamatanjo | Nusa Laut | Nusa Laut is an Austronesian language spoken on the island of the same name in the Moluccas in eastern Indonesia. | | ria matanjo | Saparua Haria | Haria is one of the 17 villages on the island of Saparua, Maluku, Indonesia. | | ri7amata7i | Elpaputih Samasuru Paulohij | at the island in Banda sea (Indonesia) | | ri7amata7i (riamatai) | Elpaputih Seram | Seram island, Indonesia | | rijamatan | Sepa Indonesia | Sepa is a language spoken in Maluku, Indonesia | | rijamatan | Taluti | Indonesia | | lijamatan | Taluti Laimu | Indonesia | | lijamatan | Taluti Tamilouw | Indonesia | | liamatanno | Saparua Ihamahu | Indonesia | | liamatan | Saparua Ouw | Indonesia | | 7as matanu | Kaiwa | Papua New Guinea | | ata:n | Kauwol | Papua New Guinea | | ata; atah | Madi | Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. (Ma'di - Uganda and South Sudan) | | atafu | Samoan | The language of Samoans, spoken in Samoa and American Samoa. Also spoken in New Zealand and Australia. Austronesian language family. | | atan | Bimin | Papua New Guinea | | atan | Faiwol | Papua New Guinea | | atap | Sawuj | Sawi language may refer to: Sawi language (Papuan), a language of West Papua, Indonesia. | | tap | Tobati | Tobati, or Yotafa, is an Austronesian language spoken in Jayapura Bay in Papua province, Indonesia. | | ateh siew | Saaban | Sa'ban is one of the remoter languages of Borneo, on the Sarawak-Kalimantan border. | | atelaNit | Sebop Kenyah | Borneo | | ati; ayre; kaiti\*\* | Molmo One | Molmo One is a language spoken in Papua New Guinea. | | sENg~it | Dupaningan Agta | Philippines | | 5im; nem | Baba Malay | Malaysia, Asia (almost extinct). | | batuhandu | Bukar Sadong Bidayuh | Malaysia, the Borneo island | | aluNan; mata hari; sinaN | Moro Magindanau | Maguindanaon is an Austronesian language spoken by majority of the population of Maguindanao province in the Philippines. | | sinaN | Aiklep | Papua New Guinea | | sinaka | Mussau-Emira | The Mussau-Emira language is spoken on the islands of Mussau and Emirau in the St. Matthias Islands in the Bismarck Archipelago (western Pacific Ocean). | | sinala; sinenuga | Bunama | Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands | | sinaNa | Malasanga | Malasanga or Pano is an Austronesian language spoken by about 900 individuals in two villages on the North coast of Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. | | sinara | Dobu | Dobu or Dobuan is an Austronesian language spoken in Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea. | | sinmali | Chambri | Lower Sepik; Lower Sepik-Ramu; | | sina | Arosi | Indonesia | | sina | Kwaio | The Kwaio language, or Koio, is spoken in the centre of Malaita Island in the Solomon Islands. | | sekat; matasekat | Balaesang | Sulawesi (Indonesia) | | kat | Tami | Tami is an Austronesian language on the Tami Islands and in a few villages at the tip of the Huon Peninsula in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. | | e7eo | Tara | Indonesia | | leo; oleo | Lasalimu | Lasalimu is an Austronesian language spoken on Buton Island off the southeast coast of Sulawesi in Indonesia. | | oleo | Moronene Tokotua | Indonesia | | oleo | Kadatua | Sulawesi Tenggara province: Kadatuang island; Indonesia | | oleo | Tolaki Asera | Tolaki is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken in south east Sulawesi in Indonesia | | oleo | Tolaki Konawe | Indonesia | | oleo | Tolaki Wiwirano | Indonesia | | oleo | Liabuka | Liabuka (Liabuku) is an Austronesian language of Buton Island, off the southeast coast of Sulawesi in Indonesia. | | oleo | Wasuamba | Southeastern Sulawesi | | oleo | Wawonii | Wawonii is an Austronesian language of the Wawonii (Konawe Kepulauan Regency, Southeast Sulawesi) and Menui (in Morowali Regency, Central Sulawesi) islands of Indonesia. | | oleo | Todanga | Sulawesi (Indonesia) | | oleo | Kamboa | Indonesia | | oleo | Kulisusu | Indonesia | | oleo | Desa Wali | Indonesia, Sulawesi | | eleo | Lauje | Lauje is a Celebic language of Sulawesi in Indonesia. | | eleo | Tajio | Tajio (Ajio), or Kasimbar, is a Celebic language of Sulawesi in Indonesia. | | eleo | Lauje Ampibabo | Indonesia | | eleo | Taje Petapa | the North of Indonesia | | xoleo | Muna | Muna is an Austronesian language spoken principally on the island of Muna and the adjacent (nowthwestern) part of Buton Island, off the southeast coast of Sulawesi in Indonesia. | | holeo | Mato No Uwe | Polynesia | | holeo | Busoa | an Austronesian language of Buton Island, off the southeast coast of Sulawesi in Indonesia. | | holeo | Pasarwajo | South East Sulawesi, Indonesia | | holeo | Wabhula | Polynesia | | holeo | Batu Atas | Indonesia, Sulawesi | | holeo | Masiri (Cia-Cia) | Indonesia | | holeo | Kumbewaha | Indonesia | | holeo | Kaimbulawa | Indonesia | | holeo | Lawele | Indonesia | | holo | Onabasulu | (Onobasulu) a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. | | holok; olok | Siliput | Siliput, a.k.a. Maimai, is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea, Sandaun province, Seleput village. | | lElo | Galoli | Indonesia, the Timor Lorosa'e island | | lElo | Helong | Indonesia | | lElo | Tukudede | The Tukudede language (also known as Tukude, Tokodede, Tokode, and Tocod) belongs to the Austronesian family, and more specifically to the Malayo-Polynesian group. It is spoken in East timor | | lelo | Kemak | Kemak is a language spoken in East Timor and in the border region of Indonesian West Timor. An alternate name is Ema. | | olar | Waru Seram | A language of Indonesia | | allo | Mandar | Mandar (also Andian, Manjar, Mandharsche) is an Austronesian language spoken by the Mandar ethnic group living in West Sulawesi province of Indonesia | | allo | Tae' | Indonesia (Sulawesi) | | allo | Makassarese | Indonesia (Sulawesi) | | allo | Mamuju | Mamuju is an Austronesian language spoken on the island of Sulawesi in Indonesia. | | allo | Massenrempulu | an Austronesian language of Sulawesi, Indonesia | | allo | Talaud | Talaud is an Austronesian language spoken on the Talaud Islands North of Sulawesi, Indonesia. | | allo | Sadan | Sulawesi (Indonesia) | | ala | Bauzi | East Geelvink Bay; East Geelvink Bay; Asia | | sнnag (?) | Isinai | Isinai (Isinay) is a Northern Luzon language primarily spoken in Nueva Vizcaya province in the Northern Philippines. | | teresaN | Tiruray | Tiruray is an Austronesian language of the Southern Philippines. Tiruray is spoken in: Datu Blah T. Sinsuat, Upi, and South Upi municipalities, in southwestern Maguindanao Province. | | miral | Waray | Waray is the fifth-most-spoken native regional language of the Philippines, native to Eastern Visayas. It is the native language of the Waray people and second language of the Abaknon people of Capul, Northern Samar and some Cebuano-speaking peoples of eastern and Southern parts of Leyte island. | | ro | Komodo | Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) | | hu (\*) | Sentani | Noua Guinee de Vest. Sentani; Sentani; Asia | | lan | Wauyai | Indonesia | | archew | Khinina-ang Bontok | The language spoken in Guina-ang, Bontoc, Mountain Province, the Philippines | | na-?al | Namakir (Makura) | Oceanic language of Vanuatu. It is spoken in North Efate, Tongoa, and Tongariki. | | cu | Komyandaret | Papua, Indonesia | | CuneNka | Mali | New Guinea, the East New Britain island | | cuwwo; dzuwo | Koneraw | Koneraw is a Trans-New Guinea language spoken in West New Guinea (the Yos Sudarso island). | | budna-ndi; kawai; tane-ndi | Kaurna | South Australia. | | tuni | Guyambal | Australian aboriginal language | | kili; tuni | Bigambal | Australian aboriginal language | | ganirin; kunirin | Malngin | Australian aboriginal language | | rearra | Wychinga | South Australia | | alenNE; mamaT; nawiyu; utene | Central Arrernte | Northern Australia | | nawi5 | Birrdhawal (Bidhawal) | Australian aboriginal language | | branu\*\* | Ngardi | Aboriginal language at North-western Australia | | waŋgu | Mudburra | Mudburra, also known as Pinkangama, is an aboriginal language of Australia. | | waLir | Ritharngu | (Ritharngu, Ritarungo) is an Australian Aboriginal Yol?u language, spoken in Australia's Northern Territory. | | waLka | Pitta Pitta | Pitta Pitta is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language. It was spoken around Boulia, Queensland. | | want~a; Nililpa | Warlpiri | The Warlpiri language is spoken by about 3,000 of the Warlpiri people in Australia's Northern Territory. | | bard~a | Garadjari | Garadjari (Garadjari. Garadjiri. Garadyari. Garadyaria) is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken by the Karajarri people. | | bard~a | Karadjeri | Australia. North-western seashore. | | wa:nda | Wanayaga | An aboriginal language at Westnorthern Australia. | | warga | Lardil | Lardil, also spelled Leerdil or Leertil, is a moribund language spoken by the Lardil people on Mornington Island (Kunhanha), in the Wellesley Islands of Queensland in Northern Australia | | warNiwarNi | Wandarang | Warndarang (also spelled Wandarang, Wandaran) is an extinct Aboriginal Australian language in the Arnhem family, formerly spoken by the Warndarang people in Southern Arnhem Land, along the Gulf of Carpentaria. | | wuliZini | Djingili | Jingulu (Djingili) is an Australian language spoken by the Jingili people in the Northern Territory of Australia | | wurlngarn | Ngarinman Bilinara | Northern Australia | | y3w3ju | Wagaya | Wagaya (Wakaya) is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of Queensland. | | yagurd~u | Ngadjunmaya | Ngadjunmaya (Ngajumaya) is a recently extinct Pama-Nyungan language of Western Australia that was located in the Goldfields-Esperance region. | | warguwa | Yugulda | Alternate names: Ganggalida (Gangulida), Ganggalita, Jakula, Jugula, Kangkalita, Yokula, Yukala, Yukulta. Australia. | | wargu (warku) | Gayardilt | Gayardilt is a language spoken in Australia. | | warku | Kayardild | the language of the tribe in the North of Australia | | wat:i (waTi) | Ngalakan | Nothern Australia | | marnnga (mannga) | Burarra | The language of the aborigines of the Northern Australia. Official Language of the Burarra People (Tribe) and Gun-nartpa People (Tribe) | | jarribir; marnngi; warlirr | Djinang | The language of the aborigines of the Northern Australia. Official Language of the Djinang People (Tribe) | | walu; 1arrngay; wa1irr | Gupapuyngu | The language of the aborigines of Australia. Official Language of the Gupapuyngu People (Tribe), Northern Territories, Australia. | | walu | Yolnu-matha | Australian Aboriginal language | | walu | Manggalili | Northern Australia | | walu | Mararba | Northern Australia | | walu | Yolngumatha | Northeast Arnhem Land in Northern Australia. | | walu | Gobabingo | Northern Australia | | walu | Gomaidj | Northern Australia | | yaraay | Kamilaroi | (also spelled Gamilaraay) The language of the aborigines of Australia which was spoken over a vast area of North-central New South Wales when Europeans began colonising Australia. | | kun-dung | Gunwinggu (Kunwinjku) | The language of the aborigines of Australia. Official Language of the Kunwinjku People, Gunbalanya Township, Kakadu National Park, Western Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia. | | pun-nul; punnal | Awabakal | The language of the aborigines of Australia. Awabakal continued to be spoken in the late nineteenth century by some older aboriginal people in the Swansea, Martinsville and Cooranbong areas. | | pun; til | Kalabra | Kalabra is a Papuan language of the Bird's Head Peninsula of New Guinea. It is closest to Tehit. | | puN | Thayore | Kuuk Thaayorre (Thayore) is a Paman language spoken in the settlement Pormpuraaw on the western part of the Cape York Peninsula, Queensland in Australia by the Thaayorre people. | | puN | Yir Yoront | Yir-Yoront was a Paman language spoken in two settlements, Kowanyama and Pormpuraaw on the southwestern part of the Cape York Peninsula, Queensland in Australia | | napui; napuy | Pahi | Pahi, or Lugitama, is a Sepik language of Sandaun Province, Papua-New Guinea. | | punga | Ayabadhu | Ayabadhu (Ayapathu), or Badhu, is an extinct Australian aboriginal language of the Paman family spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia. (\*) | | punga | Pakanha | Pama-Nyungan; Australian; Australia and Oceania (\*) | | barara5; wuru (wuri) | Thurawal | The Thurawal language (Tharawal, Dharawal, Wodiwodi) is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of New South Wales. | | ngulungulu; purangu pirangu) | Juwaliny | The North-West Australian aboriginal language | | ngulungulu; parra | Mangala | The North-West Australian aboriginal language | | ghool-lee mul-lu | Wong-gie | Western Desert language in Australia | | bara; ngulungulu; parra | Mangarla | Mangarla (Mangala) is a Pama-Nyungan language of Western Australia. | | gimbara | Umbugarla | The Umbugarla language is an Australian language isolate once spoken by three people in Arnhem Land, Northern Australia, in 1981, and is now extinct. | | gambada | Wambaya | Wambaya is a Non-Pama-Nyungan West Barkly Australian language of the Mirndi language group that is spoken in the Barkly Tableland of the Northern Territory, Australia | | gamb~al | Kanju | in the North of Australia | | gamb~al | Kaantyu | The Kaantyu were an Indigenous Australian people of the Cape York Peninsula. | | gangirriny; wulngarn | Bilinarra | The language of the aborigines of Australia. Official language of the Bilinarra People (Tribe), Pigeon Hole (Pigeon Hole Station) or Bunbidee, Victoria Daly Shire, Walangeri Ward. | | kangirriny; wulngarn | Gurindji | The language of the aborigines of Australia. Official Language of the Gurindji People (Tribe), Daguragu and Kalkarindji (Wave Hill), Victoria Daly Shire, Victoria River Region of the Northern Territory. | | kaNg | Danaru | Danaru is a Rai Coast language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | ngalan | Guguyimidjir | The language of the aborigines of Australia. Official Language of the Guugu Yimithirr People (Tribe), Hopevale, Queensland, Australia. | | nga | Leningitij | in the North of Australia | | manyij; muwarn | Iwaidja | Official Language of the Iwaidja People (Tribe), Croker Island and the Cobourg Peninsula, Western Amhemland, Northern Territory, Australia. | | aijuma; aiyuma; alamuda; mama:wura; mamura | Anindilyakwa | Enindhilyagwa (also Anindilyakwa) is an Australian aboriginal language spoken by the Warnindhilyagwa people on Groote Eylandt in the Gulf of Carpentaria in Northern Australia. | | aiyuma; mamura | Ingura | in the North of Australia | | goeyga | Kala Lagaw Ya | Official language of the Kalaw Lagaw Ya People (Tribe), Torres Strait Islands (Saibai Island, Badu Island, Mabuaiq Island, etc.), Queensland, Australia. | | juru | Thalanyji | Thalanyji country is traditionally located around the Ashburton River and Onslow areas (Australia) | | juru | Jiwarli | The language of the aborigines of the North-Western Australia | | yagarangu; juru; juri | Burduna | The language of the aborigines of the North-Western Australia | | yiminga; pukw~i | Tiwi | Tiwi [ti:wi] is an Australian aboriginal language spoken on the Tiwi Islands, within sight of the coast of Northern Australia. It is one of about 10% of Australian languages still being learned by children. | | yarnta; yarnda | Ngarluma | The North-West Australian aboriginal language (Ngarluma tribe, about 30 speakers of the language)(West Pilbara Region) | | yaraai | Gamilaraay (Kamilaroi) | Australian aboriginal language which was spoken over a vast area of North-central New South Wales when Europeans began colonising. | | yarnta | Nyamal | The North-West Australian aboriginal language | | yaal(\*) | Ulithian | (Oceanic; Austronesian; Australia and Oceania) Ulithian is the name of the language spoken on Ulithi atoll and neighboring islands. Micronezia . | | gundung | Gunwinggu | Kunwinjku (or Gunwinjgu), also known as Bininj Gunwok or Mayali, is an Australian aboriginal language in Northern Australia. Speakers live primarily in western Arnhem Land. | | gunduN | Gunwinggu Gun Djeihmi | The language of the Australian aboriginal tribe | | kunduN | Gunwinggu Kunwinjku | The language of the Australian aboriginal tribe | | kundy~arala | Gunwinggu Kuninjku | The language of the Australian aboriginal tribe | | mughaling | Mangerr | The language of Australian aborigines of the Giimbiyu tribe (Northern Australia) | | yhi (\*) | Eulayhi | The Australian aboriginal language. | | yuundu | Adnyamathanha | The language of the tribe of Australian aborigines (\*). (Pama-Nyungan; Australian) | | gira | Kabi | Kabi Kabi (Gubbi Gubbi) are an Aboriginal language group of South East Queensland, Australia. | | gari | Bayali | Bayali (Biyali, Baiali) is an extinct language of Queensland in Australia, spoken in the Rockhampton area | | gari | Warungu | Warrongo (or War(r)ungu) is an Australian Aboriginal language. It was formerly spoken by the Warrongo people in the area around Townsville, Queensland, Australia. | | gari | Wirri | (or Biri) an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of Queensland. | | garri | Ngadjon | Official Language of the Ngadjonji People (Tribe), Atherton Tablelands, Eastern Highlands, Far North Queensland, Australia. | | gari | Gangulu | East Australia | | gar | Anor | Papua New Guinea | | gar | Tanggu | Tanggu (Tangu, Tanggum) is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea. | | gara (kara) | Yeletnye | the language at Rossel Island (South-East from Papua New Guinea) | | ganir; gari; ga5mira (gaynmira) | Biri (Birri) | the North-Eastern seashore of Australia (Queensland) | | gawara | Bunaba | Bunuba (Bunaba, Punuba, Punapa) is an Australian aboriginal language spoken by some 160 older adults, most of whom live in or near Fitzroy Crossing in Western Australia. | | garaN; karong | Badimaya | an Australian Aboriginal language | | alg; alga; algerar; alka; rarb | Baadi (Baardi, Badi, Bard, Bardi, Jawi) | a moribund Australian Aboriginal language. | | algar | Djawi | the North-Western seashore of Australia | | rarb | Inland Karajarri | Australia (Pilbara) | | mayu; muyu | Arabana | Pama-Nyungan; Australia | | muyu | Wangganguru | an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of the Pama-Nyungan family. | | miya | Yalarnnga | Yalarnnga (also Jalarnnga, Yalarrnnga, or Yalanga) is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of the Pama-Nyungan family, that may be related to the Kalkatungu language. It was formerly spoken in areas near the town of Dajarra, in far Northwestern Queensland. | | muda | Gunwinggu Kune | The language of the Australian aboriginal tribe | | muda | Rainbarngo | The Rembarrnga, otherwise known as the Rembarunga, are an indigenous Australian people of the Northern Territory. | | muda; ŋal-benbe | Bininj Gun-Wok-Kune | Gunwinygic; Australian; Australia & Oceania | | muwarn, mowan (muwan) | Maung | Official Language of the Maung People (Tribe), Warruwi (Goulburn island) and on the North-west coast of Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia. | | mowa | Meax | Meax (Meyah) is a Papuan language on the North coast of Papua, Indonesia. | | libir | Garawa | The Northern Australia aboriginal language. | | linNa | Aranda (Arunta), Lower Southern | (Australia) | | linNa | Southern Aranda | Australia | | alinNa | Lower Aranda | (Australia) | | linna\*\*; nkina\*\* | Aranda | (Australia) | | lun; lu5 | Inland Lamalama | Australia | | lun | Coastal Lamalama | Lamu-Lamu (Lama-Lama), also known by the clan name Mba Rumbathama, is a Paman language of Queensland, Australia. Lamalama is one of four languages once spoken by the Lamalama people, the others being Morrobalama, Rimanggudinhma, and Umpithamu. | | ath~i3 | Kuku-Mini | an Australian Aboriginal language. | | ath~i3 | Aghu Tharrnggala | Aghu Tharrnggala is an extinct Paman language of the Cape York Peninsula in Queensland, Australia. | | larNai | Dhay'yi | Northern Australia | | larNai (larNgai) | Dalwongo | the language of the tribe in the northern seashore of Australia | | nai; nate | Ipili | Ipili is a language of the East New Guinea Highlands in Enga Province, Papua New Guinea. | | nai; yapena | Lembena | Lembena, also known as Lembena Pii, Nanimba Pii, Uyalipa Pii, or Wapi Pii, is an Engan language spoken in Papua New Guinea. | | nai | Maibi | Papua New Guinea | | ina | Mum | Mum, or Katiati, is a Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | ina | Pondoma | (or - Anam) Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. | | ninaf | Elseng | Elseng (Morwap) is a poorly documented Papuan language spoken by about 300 people (in 1991) in the Indonesian province of Papua. | | ninaf | Sawa | Papua New Guinea | | wanga; wulnan | Djamindjung | Jaminjung is Australian language spoken around the Victoria River in the Northern Territory of Australia. | | walg | Dyaberdyaber | Western Australia. | | ulnan gigan\*\*; wangu | Ngaliwuru | an Australian language | | warawaru; wawara | Djeebbana | Ndjebbana, also known as Djeebbana, Kunibidji, Gunavidji, Gunivugi, or Gombudj, is a Burarran language spoken by the Kunibidji people of North-central Arnhem Land, Australia. | | mowe | Jawony | Jawoyn (Jawonj, Jawany, Djauan, Jawan; Adowen, Gun-djawan), or Kumertuo, is an endangered Gunwinyguan language spoken by elders in Arnhem Land, Australia. | | 4awiNi | Madhi Madhi | Madhi-Madhi (Muthimuthi; Madimadi) is an indigenous Australian language spoken by the Muthi Muthi Aboriginal people of New South Wales. | | yuku | Kurnu | the language of the tribe in Australia (New South Wales). | | yuku | Darling | Australian Aboriginal language | | yuku | Badjirri | Australia | | yuku; nanta | Malyangapa (Maljangapa) | Australia | | yookoo; yugu | Bandjigali | The Darling language, or Paakantyi (Baagandji), is a nearly extinct Australian Aboriginal language spoken along the Darling River in New South Wales | | dh~unuwi | Dyangadi | Dyangadi is a possible small family of extinct or nearly extinct Australian Aboriginal languages of New South Wales | | dh~udu | Gunya | Pama-Nyungan; Australian; Australia & Oceania | | buNan | Dyaabugay | Australia | | buNan | Yidiny | Yidiny is a nearly extinct Australian Aboriginal language, spoken by the Yidinji people of North-east Queensland. | | bin | Yanango | Northern Australia | | taribir | Djinba | Djinba is an Australian Aboriginal Yolŋu language, spoken in Australia's Northern Territory. | | gabolbir | Gaagudju | Gaagudju; Australian; Australia & Oceania | | darigi; gadepa | Gogodala | Gogodala; Gogodala-Suki; Australia & Oceania | | gadepa | Gogodala Ari | Papua New Guinea | | kadepa | Gogodala-Adiba | Australia & Oceania | | kadepa | Gogodala—Gaima | Australia & Oceania | | kadepa | Gogodala—Girara | Australia & Oceania | | kadepa | Waruna | The Waruna language is a Papuan language of the New Guinea, spoken in a bend of the Fly River. | | hegera (kadepa); daigi | Tabo | Tabo (or Waia) is a language of the proposed Trans-Fly – Bulaka River family in the Western Province of Papua New Guinea, just North of the Fly River delta. | | karege | Kol | The Kol language is a language spoken in eastern New Britain island, Papua New Guinea. | | ginmaŋ | Gureng Gureng | Pama-Nyungan; Australian; Australia & Oceania | | marawaibai\*\*; wunaru | Alawa | Maran; Australian | | wuNar | Koko Yalandji | in the North of Australia | | wuNar | Kuku-Yalanji | Pama-Nyungan; Australian; Australia & Oceania | | wuNa | Uradhi | Urradhi is a Paman language of the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia, there are three dialects: Atampaya, Angkamuthi, Yadhaykenu. | | axirka; inkina\*\* | Alyawarr (Alyawarra) | Pama-Nyungan; Australian; Australia & Oceania | | manid'\*\* | Amurdak | Amurdag (also Amurag, Amarag, Wureidbug) is an Indigenous Australian language historically spoken in the Northern Territory of Australia. | | Nawa5 | Woiwurrung | Pama-Nyungan; Australian; Australia & Oceania | | banal | Darrkinyung | an Australian Aboriginal language | | th~irN | Warrnambool | Pama-Nyungan; Australian; Australia & Oceania | | biggee | Turrubal | Turrubal (Turubul), also known as Yagara (Jagara), is an extinct language of Australia. | | bigi | Gowar | Gowar is an extinct language of Australia. Other spellings are Goowar, Gooar, Guar, Gowr-burra; other names Ngugi (Mugee, Wogee, Gnoogee) | | nawayu | Dhudhuroa | Dhudhuroa is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of North-eastern Victoria. | | nunk | Yitha | Yitha-Yitha is a moribund language of Southern South Australia. | | lechie | Ngayawung | Ngayawung (Ngaiawong) in an extinct language of Southern South Australia. | | ba:ndil | Kuluwarrang | an Australian Aboriginal language | | ba:ndil; malalal | Kitja | Djeragan; Australian; Australia & Oceania | | pan; anc~ | Melpa | Papua New Guinea | | pane | Fore | a Kainantu-Goroka language spoken in the Goroka District of Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea | | pani | Imbongu | New Guinea. Oceania | | panonpoe | Sundanese | Sundanese is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken by the Sundanese. It has approximately 39 million native speakers in the western third of Java (Indonesia) | | panti | Marithiyel | Marrithiyel (Marithiel, Maridhiel, Maridhiyel), also known as Berringen (Bringen, Brinken) is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken by the Marrithiyal people. | | panti | Marengar | an aboriginal language in the North of Australia | | panti | Marityaben | an aboriginal language in the North of Australia | | panti | Maridan | an aboriginal language in the North of Australia | | panti | Marriammu | in the North of Australia | | panti | Maramanadji | an aboriginal language in the North of Australia | | banda; bandul | Walgi | an Australian Aboriginal language | | guwin; kun\*\* | Dharruk | The Sydney language, also referred to as Darug or Iyora (Eora), is an Australian Aboriginal language of the Yuin–Kuric group that is spoken in the region of Sydney, New South Wales. | | guwiN | Sydney | The Sydney Language, also referred to as Dharug or Iyora, is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language that was spoken in the region of Sydney, New South Wales. | | bakara5; nawa | Dyirringany | Dyirringany (Djiringanj) is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of New South Wales. | | bakara5; mamaT | Camberra Language | Australia | | mamaT; jaua\*\* | Ngarigu | Ngarigo (Ngarigu) is a nearly extinct Australian Aboriginal language, the traditional language of the Ngarigo people. | | mamaT; nawiyu | Omeo | South-eastern Australia (Melbourne) | | wi5ubakara5; winya | Ngunawal | Ngunnawal or Gundungurra is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language, the traditional language of the Ngunnawal and Gandangara peoples. | | bakara55; nawa | Jiringayn | Southeastern seacoast of Australia | | komaru; ra | Maori | the language of New Zealand aborigines. | | homare | Aheave | Papua New Guinea | | omar | Demta | Demta, also known as Sowari and Muris, is a Papuan language on the North coast of Papua, Indonesia. | | omar | Demta-Ambora | a Papuan language on the North coast of Papua, Indonesia. | | omar | Demta-Muris | a Papuan language on the North coast of Papua, Indonesia. | | wi5u | Gundungurra | Ngunnawal or Gundungurra is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language, the traditional language of the Ngunnawal and Gandangara peoples. | | wi5u | Gandangara | at the eastern seashore of Australia | | wi (wui) | Wargamay | Warrgamay is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of Northeast Queensland. | | nawi | Thawa | Thawa (Thaua, Dhawa, Thauaira) is a nearly extinct Australian Aboriginal language of New South Wales | | turu\*\* | Guwa | Guwa (Goa) is an extinct and nearly unattested Australian Aboriginal language of Queensland. | | rumaɹa | Dyugun | Djugun (or Jukun) is an Australian Aboriginal language of Western Australia. | | cuɹu | Djiwarli | Djiwarli (also spelt Jiwarli, Tjiwarli) is an Australian Aboriginal language formerly spoken in Western Australia. | | cuɹu | Kanyara | The Kanyara languages are a pair of closely related languages in the Southern Pilbara region of Western Australia. The languages classified as members of the Kanyara languages group are: Burduna (Bayungu). Dhalanyji (Binigura). | | cuɹu | SW\_Kanyara | The Kanyara languages are a pair of closely related languages in the Southern Pilbara region of Western Australia. The languages classified as members of the Kanyara languages group are: Burduna (Bayungu). Dhalanyji (Binigura). | | cuɹu | Mantharta | Mantharta is a possibly extinct dialect cluster spoken in the Southern Pilbara region of Western Australia. | | kalka | Ngamini | Ngamini is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language | | karaNu | Wajarri | Wajarri is a moribund Australian Aboriginal language. | | kayik | Pungupungu | Kandjerramalh, also known as Pungupungu and Kuwema, is an Australian Aboriginal language. | | kayik | Wadjiginy | Wadjiginy, also known as Wagaydy and Batjamalh, is an Australian Aboriginal language. | | kilyir | Warumungu | The Warumungu (or Warramunga) language is spoken by the Warumungu people in Australia's Northern Territory. | | cintu; ŋe:lir | Kukatja | Australian | | cintu | Wangkajunga | Wangkatjunga (or Wangkajunga) is a dialect of the Western Desert dialect group in Western Australia. | | cindu | Tjalkadjara | Australian aboriginal language | | cindu | Waljen | Australian aboriginal language | | cundu | Karlamayi | a language of Australia | | dintu (tindo) | Narungga | Narangga (also Narungga) is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language formerly spoken by the Narungga people in Yorke Peninsula, South Australia. | | tindo | Kaurna | an aboriginal language in the Southern Australia | | dindo | Nugunu Australia | an aboriginal language in South Australia | | kun-duŋ | Kuninjku | Kunwinjku (Gunwinggu or Gunwinjgu), also known by the cover term Bininj Gunwok or Mayali, is an Australian Aboriginal language in Northern Australia. | | gun-duŋ | Gun-Djeihmi | Northern Australia | | gun-duŋ | Manyallaluk Mayali | an Australian Aboriginal language in Northern Australia. | | kunda; winbinbi | Pallanganmiddang | Pallanganmiddang (Balangamida) is an extinct aboriginal language of the Upper Murray region of the North east of Victoria (Australia). | | jintu; jirirpi | Wangka Wiru | Australia | | jirntu; nyilpa | Putijarra | an Australian aboriginal language | | jirntu; tint~u | Mantjiltjara | An Australian Aboriginal language of the Western Desert | | jirntu | Yulparija | West-North Australia | | jirntu | Manyjilyjarra | The North-West Australian aboriginal language | | jirntu | Martu Wangka | The North-West Australian aboriginal language | | jirntu; juwanpa; karrpu; yanta; yarnta | Nyiyaparli | Nyiyaparli country is traditionally located to the south of the town of Marble Bar, and includes the area around the town of Newman and the pastoral stations of Roy Hill, Balfour Downs, Ethel Creek and others (Australia). | | yuntu | Adynyamathanha | Adnyamathanha (or Yura Ngarwala) is an Australian Aboriginal language | | karpu; yanta | Panytyima | Panyjima is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken in the Hamersley Range, in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. | | tjirntu | Ngaanyatjarra | Pama-Nyungan; Australian; Australia & Oceania | | ji:la | Bunara | a language of North-Western Australia | | karrpu; jirntu | Yulparija | Yulparija is of the ‘Wati’ language family and therefore is related to the languages of the desert areas such as Warnman, Kartujarra, Manyjilyjarra, Kukatja, Nyiyaparli, Wangkajunga, Pitjantjatjara etc. Australia. | | karrpu; jirrururnpa | Warnman | Warnman is a Pama-Nyungan language belonging to the Nyungic South-West Group. It is one of the Wati subgroup related to the Western Desert aboriginal languages (Australia). | | karrpu; janyja | Nyangumarta | The Nyangumarta people originally came from the western side of the Great Sandy Desert. Australia. Nowadays they are living at the Northwestern seashore of Australia | | cintu\*\*; karpu\*\*; yura | Ngayarta | The Ngayarda (Ngayarta) languages are a group of closely related languages in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. | | jirndal | Bayungu | The North-West Australian Aboriginal language | | yarnd~a (yura) | Ngalooma | Australia | | yura | Yindjibarndi | Yinjibarndi is a Pama–Nyungan language spoken by the Yindjibarndi people of the Pilbara region in North-western Australia. | | yiri; yira | Wiradhuri | Wiradjuri (Wiradjuri). It is the traditional language of the Wiradjuri people of Australia. | | yurno | Banggarla | Pama-Nyungan; Australian; Australia & Oceania | | yurNa | Yorta Yorta | spoken by the Yorta Yorta people, Indigenous Australians from the junction of the Goulburn and Murray Rivers in present-day Northeast Victoria. | | jie | Asmat, North | (a.k.a. Keenok). Trans-New Guinea; Asia | | je7 | Xiyun Wa | the south of China | | ji.4 | Zhenfeng-Gelao | Southern China and Northern Vietnam. | | jo; zu7 | Dhammai | Northeastern India (Himalayas) | | tanam (zaw tanam) | Citak | Trans-New Guinea, Asmat-Kamoro, Asmat | | asire | Kamberau | Trans-New Guinea, Asmat-Kamoro, Sabakor | | asira | Buruwai | Trans-New Guinea, Asmat-Kamoro, Sabakor | | ey | Abau | Sepik-Ramu family: Upper Sepik group. Northern Papua New Guinea | | ipi-'o | Angaataha | (Angaatiya, Angaataha; Angaatiha) A language of Papua New Guinea. | | egnimilo; hebut | Taensa | The Taensa language was the Natchez language-variant spoken by the Taensa people originally of Northeastern Louisiana | | loina | N Tasman | The Tasmanian or Palawa languages were the languages indigenous to the island of Tasmania | | low | Bantik | Sangiric; Austronesian; Asia | | low | Ratahan | Ratahan is an Austronesian language of Northern Sulawesi, Indonesia. | | lou | Wiru | Wiru or Witu is the language spoken by the Wiru people of Ialibu-Pangia District of the Southern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea. | | bin | Yan-nhanu (Yan-nhaŋu), (Yanango) | The Northern Australia | | daykun | Djambarpuyngu | Northern Australia | | alir | Nunggubuyu | Nunggubuyu, Wubuy or Yingkwira is an Australian Aboriginal language, the traditional language of the Nunggubuyu people. | | arta | Parimankutinma | an extinct dialect of Queensland, Australia. | | bandeN (bandiŋ) | Miriwung | Miriwoong (Miriwung) is an Australian Indigenous language which today has fewer than 20 fluent speakers, most of whom live in or near Kununurra in Western Australia. | | dalira; lallirra | Laragiya | The Laragiya language (Larrakia), also known as Gulumirrgin, is an Australian language isolate spoken by just six people near the city of Darwin in Northern Australia as of 1983. | | driTi | Yandruwandha | Yandruwandha is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of the Pama-Nyungan family. | | dula; budira | Nyawaygi | Nyawaygi (Nawagi) is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language that was spoken Northeast Queensland, on the east coast of Australia. | | dy~anan; dy~uru | Wuliwuli | Wuliwuli is an extinct language of Queensland in Australia. | | dy~irndu | Wirangu | The Wirangu language is a moribund Australian Aboriginal language traditionally spoken by the Wirangu people, living on the west coast of South Australia across a region encompassing modern Ceduna and Streaky Bay, stretching west approximately to the head of the Great Australian Bight and east to Lake Gairdner. | | dy~ugan; wingin | Worimi | Worimi, or Gadjang (also spelt Kattang, Kutthung, Gadhang, Gadang, Gathang) is an Australian Aboriginal language. | | 8awan | Wik Mungkan | Wik-Mungkan, or Wik-Mungknh, is a Paman language spoken on the Northern part of Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia, by the Wik-Mungkan people. | | e8a | Umbuykamu | Northern Australia | | gaɲwar (ganwar) | Mangarayi | Mangarayi (Manggarrai, Mungerry, Ngarrabadji) is an Australian language spoken in the Northern Territory. | | itwerne; lernnge | Western Arrernte | the Alice Springs region in Central Australia. | | mapal | Ngarla | Western Australia | | maraNi5a; windi5e; maraNgi5e | Unggumi | The Unggumi, also written Ongkomi, are an indigenous Australian people of the Kimberley region of Western Australian. | | mawa5ir | Ngandi | Ngandi is a moribund Australian Aboriginal language of the Wilton River, Northern Territory. | | mila | Punthamara | The Punthamara were an indigenous Australian people of the state of Queensland. | | nabena | Nakara | Nakkara (Nakara) is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken by the Nagara people of Arnhemland. It is also spelled Nakara or Nagara and also called Kokori. | | Noyon; ŋayan | Gumbaynggir | Gumbaynggir language (also spelled Gumbaingari, Kumbainggar, Kumbaingeri, Gambalamam, and also called Baanbay) is an Australian Aboriginal language. | | Nk~i5a | Akara | Central Australia | | NuNa; tina | Murrinh Patha | an Australian Aboriginal language in the North of Australia | | maniNgani; Nurun | Wardaman | Wardaman is an Australian Aboriginal language. It is one of the Northern non-Pama-Nyungan languages. | | nura | Nganyaywana | Nganyaywana is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of New South Wales. | | Nurun | Yangman | an Australian Aboriginal language | | Nurun | Wagiman | Wagiman (also spelled Wageman, Wakiman, Wogeman, Wakaman) is a near-extinct indigenous Australian language spoken by fewer than 10 people in and around Pine Creek, in the Katherine Region of the Northern Territory. | | Nwa | Mpakwithi Anguthimri | Anguthimri is an extinct Paman language formerly spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia, by the Anguthimri people. | | ma4d~ara | Ngawun | Ngawun is an extinct Mayi language once spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia, by the Ngawun people. | | piɲcamu; wunnaga | Kalkatungu | Kalkatungu (also written Kalkutungu, Galgadungu, Kalkutung, Kalkadoon, Galgaduun) is an xtinct Australian Aboriginal language | | pi5dy$amu; ma4d~ara | Maykulan | (a.k.a. Mayi Yapi)in the North of Australia | | pumata | Warluwara | Warluwara is a moribund Australian Aboriginal language of Queensland | | puraNu | Walmajarri | Walmajarri (many other names) is a Pama-Nyungan language spoken in Western Australia. | | rumara | Yawuru | Yawuru is a Western Nyulnyulan language spoken on the coast south of Broome in Western Australia. | | th~uni; dh~uni | Wangaaybuwan Ngiyambaa | (or - Wayilwan) Australia | | th~uri; warXu | Nhanda | Nhanda, also known as Nhanta and Nhandi is an Australian Aboriginal language from the Midwest region of Western Australia, between Geraldton and the Murchison River, from the coast to about 20 kilometres (12 mi) inland. | | ty~intu | Kokata | Alternate names: Gugada, Kokata, Kokatha, Kokitta, Koocatho, Koogurda, Kugurda, Kukata, Madutara, Maduwonga, Wanggamadu, Wongamardu. South Australia. 19 speakers only. | | ty~intu | Yankunytjatjara | Yankunytjatjara (also Yankuntatjara, Jangkundjara, Kulpantja) is an Australian Aboriginal language. | | ty~irirpi; ty~intu | Pitjantjatjara Yankuntjatjara | Australia | | uba (ubwa; waba); inki | Wulguru | Wulguru, or Manbara, is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language that was spoken around the area around present day Townsville, Queensland, on the east coast of Australia. | | ugNa | Kunjen | Kunjen, or Uw, is a Paman language spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia | | daykun | Djambarpuyngu | Northern Australia | | deli | Larrakia | in the North of Australia | | ganag | Gunbalang Warlang | Northern Australia | | gayaraNa | Gudanji | Northern Australia | | indy~eheywey | Erre | in the North of Australia | | indy~eheywey | Urningangg | (Urningangga) an extinct Aboriginal Australian language (Northern Australia) | | ka5mer | Manda | in the North of Australia | | kamb~a | Mayi Thakurti | in the North of Australia | | kampal | Kuuku Yau | in the North of Australia | | karuwu | Kurrama | in the West of Australia | | lim | Meriam | the island in the North of Australia (in Torres Strait) | | aNor | Mbabaram | Northern-Eastern Australia | | maroN (maruNu) | Gunin Kwini | Northern Australia | | mErEr | Matngala | in the North of Australia | | modE; wElir | Buan | Northern Australia | | Nalan | Gugu Bujun | Northern Australia | | Nuwim | Duungidjawu | the language of the tribe of a island near east shore of Australia | | pen | Kamor | in the North of Australia | | puNa | Kuku Uwanh | in the North of Australia | | th~iraN; karu | Bunganditj | the language of the tribe in the South-eastern Australia | | y3r3r | Yunggor | an indigenous Australian people of the Northern Territory | | yakaraNu | Martuthunira | Northern-western seashore of Australia | | el | Aulua | Oceanic; Austronesian; Australia & Oceania | | lea | Hukumina | Hukumina is an extinct and unclassified Austronesian language recently spoken in the Northwest of Buru Island in the Moluccas of eastern Indonesia. | | le7amata7i | Haruku | Haruku is an Austronesian spoken on Haruku Island, just east of Ambon Island in eastern Indonesia | | leamatai | Pelauw Haruku | Haruku is an Austronesian spoken on Haruku Island just east of Ambon Island in eastern Indonesia part of a dialect chain around Seram Island. Each of the villages Hulaliu Pelauw Kailolo and Rohomoni is said to have its own dialect. | | liamatai | Asilulu Lima Rumahsosal Nuwetetu | Asilulu is an Austronesian of Ambon Island in the Mulukus, with some speakers on west Seram. It's a local trade language. | | liamatai | Asilulu Lima Waraka | an Austronesian language | | leamatai | Sapolewa-Soow-Kwele-Ului-Seram | Indonesia | | diamata | Wakasihu | an Austronesian language of Ambon Island in the Maluku Islands | | (???) | Buli (in Indonesia) | Buli is an Austronesian language of southern Halmahera (North Maluku), Indonesia. | | pit | Kungarakany | Kungarakany (Gunerakan, Gungaragan, Gungarakanj, Kangarraga, Kungarakan) is an extinct Australian language spoken in the Northern Territory. | | piterina\*\*; tegura | NE Tasman | the island of Tasmania (Australia) | | palla-nubrana: | SE Tasman | the island of Tasmania | | nabagi:na | W Tasman | Extinct language at the island of Tasmania | | aherke | Kaytetye | Kaytetye (Kaititj) is an Australian Aboriginal language of central Northern Territory. | | airka | Anmatyerre | (a.k.a. Anmatjirra, Anmatjera) the language of the tribe in the Central Australia | | ka\*mi\*a\* | Xaracuu | Oceanic; Austronesian; New Caledonia. | | ke | Arop-Lokep | Papua New Guinea, the Bismarck arhipelago. | | habgo7 | Ivori | Papua New Guinea, Gulf province. | | habgw~o | Tainae | Tainae is an Angan language of Papua New Guinea, Gulf province. | | thabra\*\* | Blafe-Tonda-Mani-Waratha | (a.k.a. Indorodoro, Yendorador) southern Papua New Guinea, Indorodoro village, Western Province. | | thakbarra\*\* | Blafe-Tonda-Marer | southern Papua New Guinea | | fh~ulan bara | Masiwang | Masiwang (a.k.a. Bonfia) is a language at Seram island, Indonesia. | | ba:ndin | Gadjerawang | Gadjerawang (also spelt Gajirrabeng, Gajirrawoong, Gadjerong, Gadyerong and Kajirrawung) is an Australian Aboriginal language of the Kimberley region, today known by only three or four fluent speakers. | | 4a\*\* | Colac | a.k.a. Gulidjan (Coligan, Kolijon, Kolitjon, Kolakngat, Kolacgnat, Colac) South-Eastern Australia (Southern Victoria state) | | wonewsleg | Yurok | The language of native americans in California (USA), Ritwan Language (Yurok; Algic; North America) | | aquechque | Nanticoke | The language of native americans in the USA, East Coast (Algonquian; Algic; North America). | | nippawus | Narragansett | The dead language of native americans in Rhode Island (USA) | | nepauz | Wampanoag Natick | Wampanoag (a.k.a. Massachusett, Pokanoket or Natick) is an Algonquian language of New England (USA) | | naguset | Mi'gmawi'simg | The language of the Mi'gmaq people is spoken throughout eastern Canada in Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and Quebec. | | agathag; shinor-huk (?) | Aleut | (a.k.a. Unangan) is a language of the Eskimo-Aleut language family. It is the heritage language of the Aleut people living in the Aleut Islands, Pribilof Islands, and Commander Islands (USA). | | macaq; puqlaner | Naucan Yupik language | (Naucan Yupik) Eskimo branch of Eskimo-Aleut family. There are only about 100 speakers. | | macaq; akerta; puqlaner | Yupik | The language of native americans of Alaska (Central Alaskan Yupik (or Yugtun) - the largest dialect is spoken by 10,000 people in Yukon River, Nelson Island, Kuskokwim River, and Bristol Bay areas. | | ak3Xta; akerta | Central Yupik | Eskimo; Eskimo-Aleut; (Central Alaskan Yupik) Alaska | | uqirn3X | Yupik Sirenik | Sirenik Yupik, Sireniki Yupik (also Old Sirenik or Vuteen), Sirenik, or Sirenikskiy is an extinct Eskimo–Aleut language. It was spoken in and around the village of Sireniki in Chukotka Peninsula, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia. | | macaq [machak] | Kodiak-Alutiiq | The language of native americans. The Northwestern shore of America (Alaska) | | nachak | Chugach-Alutiiq | The language of native americans in Alaska. | | siqiniq | Inupiat | (Inupiatun) is a group of dialects of the Inuit language, spoken by the Inupiat people in Northern and Northwestern Alaska | | siqiniq | Inuit | The language of the Northern Canada Eskimo | | siqiniq | Inupiak (Inupiaq) | Eskimo; Eskimo-Aleut; Western Alaska | | siqiniq | Inuktitut (Quebec-Labrador) | The language of native americans. Eastern Canadian Inuit language is the name of some of the Inuit languages spoken in North-Eastern Canada. | | siqin3q | Yupik (St. Lawrence Island) | Eskimo; Eskimo-Aleut; North America | | siriniq | En kalaallisut | (kilaamiusut (West Greenland) | | hiqiniq | Montagnais | Algonquian; Algic; North America. The language of the Northern Canada Eskimo (Est Kitikmeot) | | hiqiniq | Kangiryuarmiutun | the transpolar Canada, East of Alyaska | | seqineq | Greenlandic | Greenlandic is an Eskimo-Aleut language spoken by 57,000 Greenlandic Inuit people in Greenland. | | siqin3q | Chaplino | the language of Chaplino Eskimos (russian Far East and St. Lawrence island, USA) | | siriiq | En kalaallisut | tunumiusut/tunumiisut (East Greenland) | | geLgiL; qetekel | Eyak | The language of native americans of Alaska, west coast (Eyak; Na-Dene; North America) | | ghagan (gugan) | Tlingit | Tlingit is spoken in Southeast Alaska and Western Canada by less than 140 speakers. The language of native americans is highly endangered. Tlingit belongs to the Na-Dene language family. | | qa-ka:n | Tlingit (Northern) | The language of native americans in Alaska, the West seashore (Tlingit; Na-Dene; Canada) | | caiwia (kaiwia) | Achagua | Achagua (Achawa, Ajagua, Achugua, Xagua) is an Arawakan language of South America, spoken by about 300 people in eastern Colombia. It is closely related to the better-known Piapoco language. | | yaderine'i | Aikana | The language of the South America aborigines (Western Brazil, near the Bolivian border), Arawakan language family | | keybin | Amarizana | The extinct language of the South America aborigines in Amazon basin, Arawakan language family | | acne' (atsne'); acneT | Amuesha | Amuesha is an Arawakan language of South America, spoken by 5000 people in Peru | | ahiri | Anauya | The language of the South America aborigines (Southern Venezuela), Arawakan language family | | ghamui | Kariai | (Cariay) The language of native americans (in Northern Brazil, near the Venezuela border), Arawakan language family | | ghamui | Wainuma | The language of the South America aborigines (in Brazil), Arawakan language family | | gamui | Mariate | The language of the South America aborigines (in Brazil), Arawakan language family | | gamuy | Manao | The language of the South America aborigines in Brazil (Amazonas state), Arawakan language family | | ghuma | Waraiku | The language of the South America aborigines (in Brazil), Arawakan language family | | aguma | Passe | Passe is an extinct Arawakan language of South America. It was once spoken in Brazil. | | gamuhu | Guinao (Guinau) | The language of the South America aborigines, Arawakan language family (Venezuela) | | kamuhu | Bare | The language of the South America aborigines (in Northern Brazil, near the Venezuela border), Arawakan language family | | amoshi | Baniva | The language of the South America aborigines (southwestern Venezuela), Arawakan language family | | kamoi; amuSi | Warekena | Warekena (a.k.a. Guarequena) is an Arawakan language of Brazil and Venezuela. | | kamoi | Mandawaka | The language of the South America aborigines in Venezuela and (earlier) in Brazil, Arawakan language family | | kamoe | Wirina | The moribund language of the aborigines in Brazil, Arawakan language family | | kamu | Mawayana | Mawayana (Mahuayana), also known as Mapidian, is a moribund Arawakan language of Guyana. | | kamu | Mawakwa | The language of the aborigines in Brazil and Guyana, Arawakan language family | | kamu, caamu | Yucuna (Yukuna) | The language of the South America aborigines (southern Colombia), Arawakan language family | | kamu (kamo) | Wapixana | Wapishana (Wapixana) is an Arawakan language of Guyana and Brazil. | | kami | Yawalapiti | Yawalapiti (Jaulapiti) is an Arawakan language of Brazil. | | kami | Waura | The language of native americans in Central region of Brazil, Arawakan language family | | kami | Waiwai | The language of native americans in Brazil, at the border with Gayana Cariban language family, Northern Cariban | | fakami7 | Oro Win | Oro Win is a moribund Chapacuran language spoken along the upper stretches of the Pacaas Novos River in Brazil. | | echarkun (ehcerekun) | Enepa (Panare) | The language of native americans, spoken in the central region of Venezuela (Bolivar state). Caribbean language family | | katun | Mapoyo | The language of native americans in Venezuela, Caribbean language family | | hamu\*i\* | Rikbaktsa | The Rikbaktsa language, also spelled Aripaktsa, Erikbatsa, Erikpatsa and known ambiguously as Canoeiro, is a language spoken by the Rikbaktsa people of the Mato Grosso, Brazil | | kamui (kamoi) | Palikur | The language of the South America aborigines in Northern Brazil, Arawakan language family | | kamui | Carutana | The language of aborigines in Brazil, Arawakan language family | | kamui | Uruak | The language of aborigines in Brazil and Venezuela. | | kumetu | Marawa | The Marawa is an extinct language of Brazil, Arawakan language family | | kamui | Marawan | The Marawan is an extinct language of Brazil, Arawakan language family | | kamui | Baniwa | Northern Arawakan; Arawakan; Northern Brazilia | | ghamuy | Cariay | Northern Brazilia | | kamai | Paresi | The language of the South America aborigines in Brazil (at western region of Mato Grosso state), Arawakan language family | | kam3m3 (kama:na) | Parukoto | Other names for the Parukoto-Charuma language: Chawiyana, Faruaru, Hichkaryana, Hishkaryana, Hixkariana, Hixkaryana, Kumiyana, Parucutu, Sherewyana, Sokaka, Wabui, Xereu, Xerewyana. The language of Hishkaryana people in the Amazonas State, Brazil. | | kame | Yawalpiti | The language of the South America aborigines in central region of Brazil (Mato Grosso state), Arawakan language family | | kame (kam3) | Mehinaku | Mehinaku (Meinaku) is an Arawakan language spoken by the Mehinaku people of Brazil. | | kame | Saraveka | Saraveca is an extinct Arawakan language once spoken in Bolivia by the Sarave. | | kame | Enawene Nawe | Brazil, the Moto Grosso state | | hadali | Arawak | The language of the South America aborigines, Arawakan language family (Haiti, Rep. Dominicana). | | hadali | Lokono | Suriname (South America) | | hamo | Aruan | The language of the South America aborigines (North-Eastern Brazil, Marajo island), Arawakan language family | | poreatsiri/oorya | Ashaninka/Asheninka Pajonal | The language of the South America (Peru) aborigines, Arawakan language family | | oreaciri | Campa De Perene | Peru | | kacirink~aiteri; poreatsiri | Ashaninca | Also - Asheninca, (a.k.a. Campa) a language from the Arawakan family. Peru, South America. | | kaciri | Caquinte | The language of native americans in Peru (South America), Arawakan language family | | paba; poreatsiri | Nomatsiguenga | Nomatsiguenga (Matsigenka) is an Arawakan language of Peru. | | eri | Cabiyari | The language of the South America aborigines in Columbia, Arawakan language family | | eri' | Piapoco | The language of the Colombia aborigines, Arawakan language family | | ire' | Irantxe | The language of the South America aborigines western Brazil near the Bolivian border, Arawakan language family | | heri | Curripaco | The language of the South America aborigines in Columbia, near the border with Brazil, Arawakan language family (Northern Arawakan) | | ayer | Xiriana | The language of the South America aborigines (Brazil), Arawakan language family | | keri | Tariano | The language of the aborigenes of Equatorial America, Arawakan language family | | ekw~Epite keri | Tariana | Tariana (also Tariano) is an endangered Maipurean (also known as Arawak) language spoken along the Vaupes River in Amazonas, Brazil by approximately 100 people. | | apito | Tora | Tora (Toraz) is an extinct Chapacuran language once spoken along the lower stretches of the Marmelos River in Brazil. | | hena | Omurano | Omurano is an unclassified language from Peru. It is also known as Humurana, Roamaina, Numurana, Umurano, and Mayna. | | hena | Leco | Leco, also written as Leko, is a language isolate that, though long reported to be extinct, is spoken by 20–40 individuals in areas east of Lake Titicaca, Bolivia. | | caapin (hapin) | Kunza | Kunza a.k.a. Cunza, also known as Likanantai, Lipe, Ulipe, or Atacameno, is an extinct language isolate once spoken in the Atacama Desert of Northern Chile. | | him (ikhim) | Lengua | Lengua is spoken by around 15,000 people in Paraguay. | | aknim | Sanapana Angaite | Sanapana is a language of the Paraguayan Chaco. (Paraguay, South America) | | aknem7~ | Sanapana Enlhet | Paraguay | | tahenari | Guarijio | Mexico, the Chihuahua state | | rayenari | Tarahumara | Mexico, the Chihuahua state | | kaki | Andaqui | Andaqui (Andaki) is an extinct language from the Southern highlands of Colombia (South America). | | tak | Huachipaeri | (Huachipaire, Wacipaire) The language of native americans in Peru | | koki, kiki | Jebero | (a.k.a. Shiwilu) The language of native americans (Northern Peru) (Cahuapanan family) | | a7ku7 | Taushiro | Taushiro, a.k.a. Pinche (Pinchi) - endangered language in Peruvian Amazonia, near the Equador border. | | aiyaga; ihia | Yahuna | Yahuna (Yauna) is an extinct Tucanoan language of Colombia | | aiyaka | Tanimuca | Tanimuca, or Tanimuca-Retuara (Letuama), is a Tucanoan language of Colombia. | | tka-ci | Mashco Piro | Mashco Puro is a Maipurean language spoken in Peru at the border with Brazil. | | tkaCi | Maxineri (Machinere) | The Machinere are an indigenous people of Brazil, Bolivia, and Peru (border area) | | kaxi; ka-si | Munduruku | Munduruki is a Tupi language spoken by 10,000 people in the Tapajуs River basin in North central Brazil | | ko | Acroa | Acroa is an extinct Ge language, spoken by the Acroa people in Brazil | | iahi | Resigaro | The language of the South America aborigines at the border of Peru and Colombia, Arawakan language family | | ka'i | Wayuu | The Wayuu language (Wayuu: Wayuunaiki), or Goajiro (Guajiro), is spoken by 305,000 indigenous Wayuu people in Northwestern Venezuela and Northeastern Colombia on the Guajira Peninsula. Wayuu is one of the major Arawakan languages. | | kilye7 | Chorote Iyowujwa | Iyo'wujwa Chorote language. Iyo'wujwa (Chorote) is a Matacoan language spoken by about 2,000 people, mostly in Argentina | | koti yonohe | Jitnu | Colombia | | ka'ane | Saraveca | The indigenous language of aborigines in Bolivia, Arawakan language family | | ka'muli | Yavitero | Extinct language in Northwestern Brazil. Arawakan language family. | | kolo | Kakwa | The Kakwa or Cacua language is an indigenous language spoken by a few hundred people in Colombia and Brazil. | | koxli; kol | Canichana | Bolivia | | kosa | Kwaza | Brazil, at the border with Bolivia | | kashi | Kalhipona | The language of native americans at Caribian islands. | | aci | Esselen | The language of native americans in California (USA), Hokan language family | | saa | Ahtena (Ahtna) | The language of native americans, Athabaskan language family (the language of the Athapaskan people of the Copper river valley in southeastern Alaska) | | saa (sa:) | Mendaesde | Alaska native language | | saa (sah) | Beaver | Native American Language of western Canada, Athabaskan language family | | saa | Tanacross | (Athapaskan; Na-Dene; North America) an Athabaskan language spoken by fewer than 60 persons in eastern Interior Alaska. It is extremely endangered. | | se | Tutchone | Tutchone is an Athabaskan language spoken in the Yukon Territory in Canada by less than 200 speakers. It has two varieties: Southern Tutchone and Northern Tutchone (Selkirk). | | sa | Denesuline | Chipewyan, ethnonym Denesuline, is the language spoken by the Chipewyan people of Northwestern Canada | | sa | Babine | The language of native americans in British Columbia (Canada), Athabaskan language family | | sa | Chipewyan/Dene | The language of native americans, Northwestern Canada between Hudson Bay and the Rocky Mountains. Athabaskan language family | | sa | Sekani | The language of native americans in north-central British Columbia (Canada), Athabaskan language family | | sa | Duit | Duit is an extinct Chibcha language, spoken by the Muisca people of present-day Boyaca, Colombia (South America) | | sa | Kaska | Kaska is an Athabaskan language spoken by a few hundreds people in the southeastern Yukon Territory and Northern British Columbia in Canada. | | sa; wha | Hupa | (Northwestern California, USA) — Pacific Athabaskan language | | Sa (shaa) | Kato (Cahto) | California, USA. (Na-Dene family: Athabaskan language family) | | xa:; CiNxa7 | Mattole | Na-Dene family: Athabaskan group, Northern California, USA. | | Sa | Galice | (Taldash Galice) is an extinct language in southestern area of Origon state (USA). Na-Dene family: Athabaskan group | | sa: | Tanacross | Na-Dene family: Athabaskan group. Alaska. | | sa: | Upper Tanana (Tetlin) | Na-Dene family: Athabaskan group. (Alaska, at the border with Canada). | | sa | Nadleh Whut'en | The Nadleh Whut'en speak a dialect of the Dakelh (Carrier) Language which is part of the Athapaskan language family. British Columbia, Canada. | | sa | Central Carrier | (a.k.a. Dakelh) Na-Dene family: Athabaskan group. British Columbia, Canada. | | sa | Carrier | The language of native americans, Northern Athabaskan Languages. Western Canada. | | sa | Chilcotin | Atabaskan language in Western Canada | | sa | Hare | Northern Canada | | sa | Mantasta Ahtena | Alaska, USA | | sa | Slavey | Slavey (also Slave) is an Athabaskan language spoken among the Slavey and Sahtu people of Canada in the Northwest Territories | | sa; ce\*gosa | Tlicho | The Dogrib language, or Tlinchon, is a Northern Athabaskan language spoken by the Tlicho (Digrib people) of the Canadian Northwest Territories (to the north of Greate Stave Lake). | | sa; ghasiru | Canamari | Kanamarн, or Katukina-Kanamari, is a Katukinian language spoken by about 650 individuals in Amazonas, Brazil. | | Ca; βari | Catuquina | an extinct language of Brazil | | Ca | Katukina | in the western part of Brazil, the Amazonas state | | sa | Kanamari | Brazil (upper Amazon area) | | sa: (zaan) | Seri | Northern Mexico. Hokan language family: Seri group | | s'aba (s7ab) | Klamath | The language of native americans in the vicinity of the Klamath Lake (The Pasific coast), southern Oregon ond Nortthern Carolina states (USA). | | shapash | ??? | the language of native americans in South Oregon and Northern California | | 'as:a | Chimariko | The Chimariko language is of the Chimariko tribe from Trinity County of Northern California | | so: | Koyukon | Na-Dene family: Athabaskan group. Alaska: Koyukuk and middle Yukon rivers. | | so | Kwinti | Suriname (South America) | | so: | Koyukon | The language of native americans, Na-Dene family: Athabaskan group. Alaska: Koyukuk and middle Yukon rivers. | | so | Lower Tanana (Minto) | Lower Tanana is an endangered language spoken in Interior Alaska in the lower Tanana River villages of Minto and Nenana. | | so | Upper Tanana (Nabesna) | Upper Tanana is the Athapaskan language spoken in the Yukon by people in the Beaver Creek area | | sra | Han | (Han-Kutchin or Dawson), is a nearly extinct Northern Athabaskan language which was spoken by the Han people around the Yukon River, in the area of the border between Alaska and Canada. | | Sra | Kiowa Apache | USA, the Oklahoma state | | sro | Dinak'i | The Upper Kuskokwim language (also called Kolchan or Goltsan or Dinak'i) is an Athabaskan language of the Na-Dene language family. It is spoken by the Upper Kuskokwim people in the Upper Kuskokwim River villages of Nikolai, Telida, and McGrath, Alaska. | | sree; srii' | Gwich'in (or Kutchin) | An Athapaskan language spoken by the Gwich'in, who live in the Northwestern part of North America, mostly above the Arctic Circle. There are only a few hundred speakers of this language. | | shaa | Mescalero Apache | The language of native americans in Northern California | | shaa | Mattole | The language of native Northern americans, Athabaskan language family | | shaa | Arikara | The language of native americans in Northern Dakota, Athabaskan language family | | shaa | Wailaki | The language of native americans in northern California (USA), Athabaskan language family | | sua | Chibcha | The language of native americans, Chibchan language family. (Colombia). | | sua | Muisca | Chibchan Proper; Chibchan; South America (Colombia). | | sua | Popoloca Metzontla | Mexico | | san | Chinook Wawa | USA, California | | Sex | Dothraki | Los Angeles, USA | | son; sun | Gullah | Gullah (also called Geechee) is a creole language spoken by the Gullah people, an African-American population living in coastal regions of South Carolina and Georgia as well as extreme northeastern Florida and the extreme southeast of North Carolina | | col | Achumawi | The language of native americans, Hokan language family (Northern Carolina, USA) | | cono; co | Yuchi | Yuchi (Euchee) is the language of the Cohaya people living in Oklahoma. | | cun | Karaja | Karaja, also known as Yna, is spoken by the Karaja people in some thirty villages in central Brazil. | | CiNxa7 | Mattole | USA, California state, the seacoast of Pacific ocean | | zaari | Candoshi | The language of native americans in northern Peru near the Equador border. | | eSeti | Ese Ejja | Tacanan; Tacanan; Northern Bolivia. | | Seti | Huarayo Ese Ejja | Peru | | Si | Ye’kuana | Ye'kuana, also known as Maquiritari or Dekwana, is the language of the Ye'kuana people of Venezuela and Brazil. | | Sand~i | Arara Pano | language spoken in Peru, western Brazil, and Bolivia. | | shidi | Yaminawa | The language of native americans in western Brazil, near Peru border. Pano-Tacanan language family | | isese | Paicone | The language of the South America aborigines (in Bolivia), Arawakan language family | | ese'he | Cheyenne | (a.k.a. Tsetsehestaestse) This is a Plains Algonquian language spoken in USA (Montana, Oklahoma) by about 1,700 speakers only. | | sha; johonaa'ei; jehonaai; chehonnaai | Navajo (Dine bizaad) | The language of native americans of the USA, Athabaskan language family, the most numerous among the Athabaskan peoples. (Athapaskan; Na-Dene; North America) | | Ci\*gona7ai | Chiricahua | the state of New Mexico, USA | | sha | Tagish | A nearly extinct Northern Athabaskan language which was spoken by the Tagish people in the Yukon Territory in Canada. | | sakuunu | Arikara | The language of native americans in Dacota state (USA), the Caddoan language family | | sakunu | Kitsai | The Kitsai (also Kichai) language is an extinct member of the Caddoan language family. It was spoken in Oklahoma by the Kichai tribe and became extinct in the 1930s. | | saku | Caddo | The language of native americans, the Caddoan language family. USA, Oklahoma | | sakuru' | Pawnee (Skiri) | The Pawnee language is a Caddonian language spoken by some Pawnee Native Americans now located in North central Oklahoma. Their traditional historic lands were along the Platte River in what is now Nebraska. | | saakhir'a | Wichita | The language of native americans in the USA (Texas state), the Caddoan language family | | safini | Paumari | Paumari (also Purupuru, Kurukuru, Pamari, Purupuru, Pammari, Curucuru, Palmari) is an Arauan language spoken in Brazil | | zaah (Sa7) | Seri | The language of native americans in southern Mexico, Sonora state, Hokan language family | | sak; kokoy; loc'akh~ | Jicaque | (Toi, Tolupan, Torupan) is a language spoken by some 300 Tolupan people in La Montana del Flor, Honduras. | | tcaa | Chitimacha † | The language of native americans, Gulf language family. Louisiana, USA. | | sas | Wintu | The language of native americans, Penutian language family | | aan | Yakama | The language of native americans, Penutian language family | | aan | Yakama Sahaptin | The language of native americans, Penutian language family | | iCu; an | Umatilla Sahaptin | Umatilla is a variety of Southern Sahaptin, part of the Sahaptian subfamily of the Plateau Penutian group. It was spoken during late aboriginal times along the Columbia River. | | saCe | Ignaciano | a Southern Maipuran language, belonging to the Arawakan language family (Bolivia) | | saCe | Trinitario | One of two major Mojo dialects in South America, spoken in Bolivia. The two major Mojo dialects, Ignaciano and Trinitario | | sache | Paunaca | The language of the South America aborigines, Arawakan language family | | sache | Mojo | The language of the South America aborigines, Arawakan language family | | uce | Dzubucua | (Dzubukua), or Kiriri, is an extinct Karirian language of Brazil. | | uce | Kariri | the eastern part of Brazil, the Alogoas state | | saq'e | Kekchi | The language of native americans, Mayan language family (the biggest language femily of the south of Mexico and Guatemala). | | saq'en | Cahabon Eastern Kekchi | The language of native americans, Mayan language family - (Mexico and Guatemala). | | saq'e | San Juan Chamelco Western Kekchi | The language of native americans, Mayan language family (Mexico and Guatemala). | | sak (\*) | Hokan | Hypothetical superfamily on North American Indian languages uniting a number of languages and language families of the western U.S. and Mexico. | | c'ayik | Jacalteco Eastern | Jacalteco (Jacaltec) is a Mayan language spoken by about 70,000 people in Guatemala and Mexico. There are two main varieties of Jacalteco: Western Jacalteco and Eastern Jacalteco. | | c'ayik | Jacaltec | Guatemala | | c'ayik | Jacalteco (Jakalteko) Western | Guatemala (at the border with Mexico) | | c'e7ek; c'ek | Motozintlec (Mocho) | a Mayan language of the Motozintlec people (southeastern Mexico at the border with Guatemala) | | su\*ni | Mamainde | Brazil | | xunu7 (xunuʔ) | Maca | Maca is a Matacoan language of South America. It is spoken by around 1500 people in Paraguay. | | su7urS | Chiquitano | Chiquito; Chiquito; Bolivia, South America | | Th~u5i | Chipaya | Uru-Chipaya; Uru-Chipaya; Bolivia. | | thu5i | Uchumataqu | Uchumataqu language (a.k.a. Iru-Itu, Uru) is an extinct language, that was spoken by the Uru people (Bolivia, near the Peru border). | | kusra (ku:srah) | Karuk | Karuk or Karok is an endangered language of Northwestern California | | chatagha (cat'axa) | Sarcee | The language of native americans in southwestern Canada, Athabaskan language family | | ya'dok'ya (yatakya) | Zuni | The language of native americans (language isolate) in eastern Arizona (USA). | | ny-i | Dena'ina | The language of native americans of Alaska, west coast | | nu-yi | Upper Inlet Tanaina | Na-Dene family: Athabaskan group (Alaska) | | ni7-i | Outer Inlet Tanaina | Na-Dene family: Athabaskan group (Alaska) | | n7u-yi | Inland Tanaina | Na-Dene family: Athabaskan group (Alaska) | | n7u-yi | Illiamna Tanaina | Na-Dene family: Athabaskan group (Alaska) | | juuyaay | Haida | The language is spoken by the Haida, an indigenous nation of the west coast of North America (Haida Gwaii, an archipelago off the coast of British Columbia, and southeast of Alaska). The Haida language is sometimes linked to the Na-Dene family, but usually considered to be a language isolate. It is extremely endangered, with only about 150-200 living speakers. | | ciquya:y; ciqaway | Haida Southern (Skidegate) | Southwestern Canada. | | cu:ye: | Haida Northern (Masset) | British Columbia province. Canada (nearly extinct language). | | naaichete | Cooper River Kolchan | The language of native americans of Alaska, west coast | | na'a:-y | Central Ahtena (Ahtna) | Na-Dene family: Athabaskan group (The North America, Alaska) | | na-ai | Cooper River Ahtna | The language of native americans of Alaska, west coast | | na’aay | Central Ahtna | Alaska native language | | no’oy | Deg Xinag | Spoken in United States Region Alaska (lower Yukon River, Anvik River, Innoko River) | | no’oy | Yukon Deg Xinag | Alaska | | no’oy | Kuskokwim Deg Xinag | Alaska | | ghali | Clatskanie (Klatskanie) | The language of native americans in Washington state (USA), Athabaskan language family. Northern Athabasca. | | tqal3s | Coos (Hanis) | Coosan; Oregon Coast; Oregon, USA | | xwet'e | Tolowa | The language of native americans at Pacific ocean seashore in the USA, Athabaskan language family | | xashi | Tututni | The language of native americans in western pert of Oregon state (USA), Athabaskan language family | | Lukw~3L (Lukw~aL) | Puget Salish | Native North American language (Washington state, USA) | | Lukw~aL; skalus | Chehalis | The language of native americans, the Salishan language family, (South-West Canada and the North-West USA). This family consists of 23 languages. There is no proven external links with other language families yet. | | Lukw~aL | Chehalis Upper | the language of indigenous people, USA, Washington state | | lukwal | Lushootseed | The language of native americans, the Salishan language family | | hluqahl (luqal) | Cowlitz | The Cowlitz is a member of the Tsamosan branch of the Coast Salish family of Salishan languages. Maybe only 2 speakers currently lives in Puyallup, Washington (USA) | | luqal | Cowlitz | The language of native americans, the Salishan language family. USA, Washington state. | | sluqatl | Twana | The language of native americans, the Salishan language family. USA, Washington state. | | aldarench | Coeur d'Alene | The language was spoken by only two of the 80 individuals in the Coeur d'Alene Tribe on the Coeur d'Alene Reservation in northern Idaho, United States in 1999 | | kosum | Columbian | The language of native americans in northern Idaho state and in eastern Washington state (USA), the Salishan language family | | kosum | Sinkiuse | The Sinkiuse Indians are a small Salishan tribe of Washington state, relatives of the Columbia Indians. They are also known as the Moses-Columbia | | kosum (k'w~us3m) | Columbia-Wenatchi | Interior Salish; Salishan; the Washington state (USA). Columbia and Wenatchi are two dialects of a Salishan language, related to other languages like Flathead and Shuswap. | | nkuset, nakuset | Micmac (Mi'kmaq) | The language of native americans in Eastern Canada and USA, Eastern Algonquian Language. | | sumshasat | Halkomelem | The language of native americans, the Salishan language family. Vancouver, Canada. | | sem'sathet | Island Halkomelem | Salish family: Central Salish group (USA, Canada) | | s3m'Sa83t | Cowichan | Vancouver, Canada | | s3m'Sa83t | Hul'q'umi'num' | (Halkomelem) Indians of North America (in the south of the Vancouver island) | | a7Lax (o'olax) | Lower Chinook | USA, the Washington state | | tsoxatsat (coxacot) | Nooksack | The language of native americans in Washington state (USA), the Salishan language family | | snx | Nuxalk/Bella Coola | The language of native americans, the Salishan language family, British Columbia (Canada) | | xai'alax, xai'anax | Okanagan | The language of native americans at the south part of central British Columbia state in Canada, the Salishan language family; there are two dialects | | n'aqwela | Haisla | The language of native americans, the Wakashan language family. The language is spoken at the seashore of British Columbia and at Vancouver Island (North America). It consist of two branches - Northern (Kwakiutl) and Southern (Nootka). Each branch has three languages. | | t'lisala | Kwakiutl | The language of native americans on the northeastern Vancouver island, the Wakashan language family | | dak | Ditidaht | The language of native americans on the Vancouver island (USA) | | daka | Makah | The language of native americans in Washington state (USA), opposite the Vancouver island, the Wakashan language family | | daka | Nootka | The language of native americans in Vancouver island (Canada), the Wakashan language family | | anpetu wi; wi | Lakota Sioux | The language of native americans of Central regions of the USA (the steppe zone), the Siouan language family. There are some enclaves at Atlantic seashore and at the South-West of the USA. | | wittipare | Woccon | (a.k.a. Eastern Siouan) The language of native americans in the eastern USA, the Siouan language family | | wi | Dakota Sioux | The language of native americans in the USA and Canada, the Siouan language family | | aNpetuwi | Dakota | Dakota is a Siouan language spoken by about 100 people in the USA, and 190 people in Canada. | | wi | Lakota (Lakhota, Lakotah) | Lacota is a Siouan language spoken by the Lacota people of the Sioux tribes (North America) | | bidi; mapemidi | Hidatsa | The language of native americans, Siuan language family; USA, North Dakota. | | ha\*vi; wi | Assiniboine | The language of native americans in Canada (near the USA border), the Siouan language family | | wi; ha\*vi | Nakoda | Nakoda (also known as Stoney or Iyarhe Nakoda) are an indigenous people in Western Canada and, originally, the United States. | | wira | Winnebago | (a.k.a. Ho-Chunk) The language of native americans in Nebraska state (USA). Siouan; Siouan; North America | | wirak (wiraki) | Mandan | an extinct Siouan language of native americans of North Dakota in the United States. | | nunti | Catawba | The language of native americans (Catawba people) in Southern Caroline (USA), the Siouan language family | | axxaashe | Crow | The language of native americans in the Montana state (USA), the Siouan language family | | ina' | Biloxi | The language of native americans in Mississippi state (USA), the Siouan language family | | inya | Cocopa | The language of native americans in California (Mexico), Hokan language family | | inya'a | Havasupai | The language of native americans in Arizona (USA), Hokan language family | | inyaa | Kiliwa | The language of native americans in California (Mexico), Hokan language family | | inya | Maricopa | Maricopa or Piipaash is spoken by the Native American Maricopa people on two reservations in Arizona: the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community and the Gila River Indian Community. | | inti, intiq | Inca (in Peru), Quechua | А Native American language spoken in various regional forms in parts of Peru, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Argentina and Chile. | | inti, willka | Aymara | The language of native americans, Peru and Bolivia in the Titicaca region | | inti; wiLka | Sullkatiti Titiri | Bolivia (South America) | | wilka | Quechua Pacaraos | Peru (South America) | | wiLCan | Tepehua Pisa Flores | The language of native americans in Mexico. | | wilhchan | Tepehua | The language of native americans in Mexico. | | awiLCan | Tepehua Huehuetla | Huehuetla Tepehua - endangered language, used in Huehuetla, northeastern Hidalgo, Mexico. | | huLCan | Tepehua Tlachichilco | The language of native americans in Mexico. | | inti | Huacana | Mexico | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | inti | Quechua Abancay Tintay; Ancash Chiquian; Ancash Huaylas Huaraz; Ancash Huaylas Pamparomas; Ancash Huaylas Wata; Arequipa Union; Argentina; Ayacucho; Chachapoyas; De Ambo Huanuco Pasco Pasco; Huanca Huaycha; Huanca Huaylla; Huanca Shausha; Huanuco Panao; Huaylas Ancash; North Junin Tarma; North Junin Cajas; Imbabura; Pastaza; San Martin; Yauyos Cacra; Yauyos Hongos; Yauyos Huangascar; Yauyos Lincha; Yauyos San Pedro; Yauyos Tana; Yauyos Vinac; Azuay; Bolivar Cachisagua; Chimborazo Nizag; Chimborazo Troje; Cotopaxi Compania Grande; Loja; Pichancha; Tungurahua Guapante; Tungurahua Salasaca; Cotopaxi Papaurco; Cotopaxi Tigua; | Peru (South America) | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | inti; nup'i | Jaqaru | Jaqaru (Haq'aru) is a language of the Aymaran family. It is also known as Jaqi and Aru. It is spoken in the districts of Tupe and Catahuasi in Yauyos Province, Lima Region, Peru. | | inti | Chimborazo Quichua | Ecuador (South America) | | inti | Puki | Bolivia (South America) | | inti | Curva | Bolivia (on the border with Peru) | | inti | Cuzco Gnl | Peru | | inti | Laraos | Peru | | inti | Maragua | Bolivia | | indi | Quichua Imbabura | the language spoken in Imbabura Province in Northern Ecuador | | indi | Inga Medio Putumayo | Colombia | | inti | Pocona | Bolivia | | inti | Puno City | Puno is a small town on the bank of Titicaca lake, Peru | | inti | Puquina | Puquina (or Pukina) is an extinct language once spoken by a native ethnic group in the region surrounding Lake Titicaca (Peru and Bolivia) and in the North of Chile. | | inde | Pasto | The language of native americans in Colombia and Ecuador (Carchi Province). Barbacoan language family | | matatin; tign | Guamo | Venezuela | | tilewa | Yuwana | spoken in the Central Region, Venezuela. | | inti; ruph~ay | Taquile | Peru | | rupe | Yanac | the province Corongo in Peru. | | rupi | Quichua Cotopaxi Compania Grande | (Ecuador) | | rupay | Quechua Huaylas Ancash | The Quechua of Huailas is the regional variety of Ancash Quechua language of Peru | | rupay | Quichua (Kichwa) Canyar | Ecuador. | | rupay | Quechua De Lambayeque | Peru (South America) | | rupay | Chetilla | Peru, the Cajamarco(-a) state | | rupay | Inkawasi | the language of the native americans tribe at the Northern Peru | | inti; lupi; nupi | Central Aymara | Bolivia (on the border with Peru) | | niokpo | Amarakaeri | Harakmbet. The language of indians in southestern Peru. | | lupi | Southern Aymara | Aymara (Aymar aru) is an Aymaran language spoken by the Aymara people of the Andes. Aymara, along with Spanish, is one of the official languages of Bolivia and parts of Peru. | | lan | Cacaopera | El Salvador (America) | | lumi | Callahuaya | Callawalla (also Callahuaya or Kallawaya) is an endangered indigenous language spoken in Bolivia, related to Quechua. | | inti; acki | Chacpar | Peru, Ancash state | | intyi | Kawki | Kawki Tribe (Cauqui, Cachuy). Language: Kawki is an Andean language of Peru, related to the Aymara language. | | antel, anti, antu | Mapuche | (or Mapudungun) Chile (South America) | | antu | Mapudungun | This language is spoken in the South of Chile and Argentina (Araucany). | | antu | Ranquelche | Chile (South America) | | jineehaa (jinewo) | Atsugewi | The language of native americans in nortern California, USA. Hokan language family | | 'anya | Mohave | (Mohave, Mojave) is the native language of the Mohave people along the Colorado River in southeastern California. | | enya | Paipai | The language of native americans in California (USA), Hokan language family | | enya; 35a | Kumiai | The language of native americans in California (USA), near the Mexican border, Hokan language family | | ini | Lule And Tonocote | Northern-Eastern Argentina | | a5i nala7; a5i ikoiadelek na | Toba | North Argentina, near the Paraguay border. | | myt | Apinaye | The language of native americans in Northeastern Brazil, Macro-Ge language family | | meri | Bororo | The language of native americans in Brazil, near the Bolivian border, Macro-Ge language family | | neri | Otuke | (Louxiru, Otuke, Otuque, Otuqui) is the dead language of native americans, Macro-Ge language family, spoken by the people living in lowlands of Western Bolivia and in the Matu-Grossu state in Brazil. | | mingua | Taparita | Taparita is an extinct language of the Amazone (at the Venezuela-Columbia border). | | mini | Umotina | Umotina is a recently extinct language of Brazil (near the border with Bolivia). | | min | Kansa | The language of native americans Louisiana state (USA) Siouan language family | | min | Omaha-Ponca | The language of native americans Oklahoma and Nebraska states (USA), the Siouan language family | | mi | Osage | The language of native americans in Oklahoma state (USA), the Siouan language family | | mi (hmi) | Quapaw | The language of native americans in Arkansas state (USA), the Siouan language family | | mi (min) | Tutelo | The language of native americans in Virginia state (USA), the Siouan language family | | bi | Oto (Chiwere; Otoe) | The language of native americans originally spoken by the Missouria, Otoe, and Iowa peoples, who originated in the Great Lakes region but later moved throughout the Midwest and plains, the Siouan language family | | nvda | Cherokee | The language of native americans, the Iroquoian language family, Southern Iroquois. the Iroquoian family has binari structure: the Southern group has only Chtrokee language, all other languages makes the Northern group. The Northern languages are spoken in the Erie, Huron and Ontario lakes and in St Laurence river region, and also on the Atlantic coast of the USA. | | karahkwa | Mohawk language | Spoken by Mohawk native americans, living in USA and Canada. Iroquoian language family, Northern Iroquois | | aheeta (aheta) | Nottoway | The extinct language of native americans in Washington state (USA), the Iroquoian language family. | | athn3\*hst; hihte' | Tuscarora | Tuscarora is an Iroquoian language of the Tuscarora people, spoken in Southern Ontario, Canada, North Carolina and Northwestern New York around Niagara Falls, in the United States. | | yotahala | Oneida | The language of native americans, the Iroquoian language family, Northern Iroquois | | ehkw; gaэhgwa:' | Onondaga | The language of native americans, the Iroquoian language family, Northern Iroquois. USA (central part of New-York state) and also near Brantford (Ontario, Canada). | | akw (rakw); ga:gwa:' | Cayuga | the language of indigenous people in the New York state (USA) and in Canada (Ontario state) | | rahkw; nd~ihSr | Wyandot | Wyandot (Wandat) is the Iroquoian language traditionally spoken by the people known variously as Wyandot or Wyandotte, descended from the Wendat (Huron). It was last spoken by members located primarily in Oklahoma, United States and Quebec, Canada. | | rakw; nd~ihS | Wendat Huron | indigenous people in Quebec City in Canada | | isnay | Laurentian | Laurentian was an Iroquoian language spoken until the late 16th century along the shores of the Saint Lawrence River in present-day Quebec and Ontario, Canada | | Ehkw; ka:hkwa:' | Seneca | The language of native americans in New York state, the Iroquoian language family, Northern Iroquois | | sn3qm | Squamish | Squamish is a Coast Salish language spoken by the Squamish people of southwestern British Columbia, Canada | | sn3qw~3m | Lillooet | USA, California (to the North of Vancuver) | | spakani | Kalispel Pend Doreille | in the North-Western USA | | natanik | Kootenai | (a.k.a. Kutenai, Kootenay, Ktunaxa, Ksanka) The language of native americans in Montana and Idaho states (USA) and in British Colombia (Canada) | | sp'q'ni7 | Spokane | The Spokan or Spokane people are a Native American Plateau tribe who inhabited the eastern portion of the Washington state and parts of Northern Idaho in the United States | | syayqw~ | Sechelt | The Sechelt language is a Coast Salish language spoken by the Shishalh (Sechelt) people of southwestern British Columbia, Canada | | syo:qwem | Upriver Halkomelem | Salish family: Central Salish group (USA, Canada) | | sy~aqw~3m | Musqueam | Canada, Vancouver | | syoqw~3m | Stolo | the language of American Indians (British Columbia, Canada) | | spukani | Salish | The language of native americans, the Salishan language family | | sqwqway'(sqw~qw~3y'; s73m'Sac3t) | Clallam (Klallam) | Central Salish; Salishan; North America | | sqwuqwul (sqweqwel) | Straits Salish | The language of native americans, the Salishan language family. North America. | | spq”ni7 | Montana Salish | Montana Salish is an Interior Salishan language spoken on the Flathead reservation in Northwest Montana by an estimated population of about 40 speakers. | | q'w~3l'3s | Quinault | Quinault is a member of the Tsamosan branch of the Coast Salish family of Salishan languages (USA). | | sqw~3qw~3l' | Songish | Canada, USA | | sqw~3qw~3L | Samish | The Samish are a Native American people who live in the U.S. state of Washington. | | sqw~3qw~3l'; syal3qw~3m | Saanich | Saanich is the language of the Native American Saanich people. | | sk'w~ak'w~es | Thompson | The Thompson language, properly known as Nlaka'pamuctsin also known as the Nlaka'pamux ('Nthlakampx') language, is an Interior Salishan language spoken in the Fraser Canyon, Thompson Canyon, Nicola Country of the Canadian province of British Columbia, and also (historically) in the North Cascades region of Whatcom and Chelan counties of the state of Washington in the United States. | | skw~ekw~7es | Shuswap | North America | | skw~el'l' | Coeur Dalene | Northern area of Idaho state (USA) | | t'Egy~Em | Comox | Central Salish Salishan, North America | | t'3g3m (t'Egy~Em) | Sliammon | The Comox or Sliammon language is one of the Salishan family of languages, spoken by around 400 people in British Columbia, Canada. | | taC7i | Tunica | The Tunica (or Tonica) language is a language isolate that was spoken in the Central and Lower Mississippi Valley in the United States by Native American Tunica peoples | | tuxw~3n; tuxt3n | Tillamook | Tillamook is an extinct Salishan language, formerly spoken by the Tillamook people in Northwestern Oregon, USA. | | xyaLnxw~ | Okanagan Colville | Okanagan is an Interior Salish language, spoken in a number of communities in Southern interior British Columbia and Northeastern Washington (Canada and the USA). | | agalax | Wasco-Wishram | The language of native americans in Washington state (USA), Penutian language family | | aqalax | Kathlamet | The language of native americans in Washington state (USA), Penutian language family | | otelagh; san | Chinook Jargon | (also known as chinuk wawa, or chinook wawa) is a revived American indigenous language originating as a pidgin trade language in the Pacific Northwest, and spreading during the 19th century from the lower Columbia River | | uwas | Tewa Sargang | The Tewa language is spoken in seven Pueblos in the Southwest United States. There are six Tewa speaking Pueblos in the Rio Grande Valley of New Mexico consisting of Nambe, Ohkay Owingeh, Pojoaque, Santa Clara, San Ildefonso and Tesuque. | | was | Molale | Molala (Molele, Molalla) is the extinct and poorly attested Plateau Penutian language of the Molala people of Oregon and Washington. | | natanik | Kootenay | The Kutenai language (also Kootenai, Kootenay and Ktunaxa), is named after and is spoken by some of the Kutenai Native American/First Nations people who are indigenous to the area of North America that is now Montana, Idaho, and British Columbia. | | nico | Apalachee | The language of native americans, Muskogean language family consists of about 7 languages and placed the compact region at far South-West of the USA. | | hasi | Alabama | The language of native North americans (Muskogean language family) and consists of about 100 speakers among Alabama and Koasati (Coashatta) tribes in Texas and Louisiana states, USA. | | hvse (hasi) | Creek | Creek (a.k.a. Muskogee) is a Muskogean language with about 4,700 speakers in Oklahima and Florida states (USA). The language of native americans of Muskogean family. | | hashi | Chickasaw | The language of the North American Indians in south eastern Oklahoma (USA), Muskogean language family | | hashi (hvshi, ashe) | Houma/Choctaw | The language of the North American Indians (Oklahoma, Mississipi), Muskogean language family. The Houma and Choctaw people spoke very closely related languages. Houma was evidently so similar to Choctaw that speakers of the two languages could understand each other easily, so most linguists consider Houma to have been a dialect of Choctaw | | haSi; hashi; hvshi | Choctaw | (Chahta Anumpa) is the West Muskogean language. Oklahoma, USA | | ha•si | Hitchiti | The language of the North American Indians was spoken in Georgia and Florida (USA), Muskogean language family | | hasi | Koasati | The language of the North American Indians in North-western Georgia (USA), Muskogean language family | | iS; lak | Atakapa | The language of native americans. USA, Luisiana state | | ha:si | Miccosukee (Mikasuki) | The language of the North American Indians, Muskogean language family. Florida, USA. | | kasi | Guajiquero | indigenous Mesoamerican language in Honduras. | | gaSi; kaSi | Lenca—Honduras | The Lenca language is one of the indigenous Mesoamerican languages in Honduras. | | safini; kasiri | Paumari | Paumari (also Purupuru, Kurukuru, Pamari, Purupuru, Pammari, Curucuru, Palmari) is an Arauan language spoken in West-Northern Brazil by about 700 people. It is spoken by the Paumari Indians, who call their language 'Pamoari'. | | cuyay; ciquya:y; cu:ye: | Xaayda (Xaat) kil | The language of the Haida people, spoken in the Haida Gwaii archipelago of the coast of Canada and on Prince of Wales Island in Alaska. | | kuis; dewis | Beothuk | The language of native americans at Newfoundland (Canada) | | cone | Wampanoag | The language of native americans. Wampanoag is an Algonquian language, related to other languages like Lenape and Ojibway. There is no speaker of the language now. | | kan | Ninatic | The Niantic (or in their own language, the Nehantick or Nehantucket), were a tribe of Algonquin-speaking Native Americans, who were living in Connecticut and Rhode Island | | kishethwa | Sauk | The language of native americans, Central Algonquian Languages | | chiisikaaw-piisim | Naskapi | Naskapi is a Native American language spoken by the Naskapi (1,100 people), who are the indigenous inhabitants of an area which comprises most of eastern Quebec and Labrador, in Canada. It is an Algonquian language, belonging to the Cree subgroup. | | pishum | Montagnais | The language of native americans, Central Algonquian languages | | piisim | Naskapi | The language of native americans in Canada (Quebec and Labrador), Central Algonquian languages | | pisim | Cree (Swampy) | The language of native americans, Central Algonquian languages. North America (Canada). | | kicikaw pisimw; kisik | Atikamekw | The language of native americans near Ottawa (Canada), Central Algonquian Languages | | kiilhswa | Illinois | The language of native americans, Central Algonquian Languages; North America | | kiilhswa | Miami | The language of native americans. (The 'moon' is 'Kiilhswa' too) | | kiisethwa | Kickapoo | The language of native americans in the Kansas, Oklahoma and Texac states (USA). Central Algonquian languages | | kiishooxkw | Munsee Delaware | The language of native americans. Munsee is an Algonquian language, related to other languages like Ojibwe and Blackfoot. | | kiisthwa; keso8y | Shawnee | The Shawnee language is a Central Algonquian language spoken in parts of central and Northeastern Oklahoma by the Shawnee people. It was originally spoken in Ohio, West Virginia, Kentucky, and Pennsylvania. | | hiisiis | Arapaho | Arapaho (hinono'eitiit) is the language of the Native American Arapaho Indians originally living on the eastern plains of Colorado and Wyoming (USA). Plains Algonquian Language. | | hiisiis (Iisiis) | Gros Ventre | The language of native americans, Plains Algonquian Language | | ki·seswa/kishethwa | Meskwaki/Sauk | The language of native americans. Meskwaki and Sauk are two dialects of the same language. | | kisusq | Mohegan | Mohegan was an Algonquian language spoken by the Mohegan tribe (not to be confused with the Mahicans). Though the tribe still lives in Connecticut (they operate the Mohegan Sun Casino in Uncasville), the language has become extinct. | | keesog | Mahican | Mahican (also known as Mohican) is an extinct language that was spoken in the territory of present-day eastern New York state and Vermont, by the Mahican people. | | kisom; natosi | Siksika | Siksika, also known as Blackfoot (Southern Alberta and Northern Montana, Northern America) spoken in Canada by about 5,000 speakers. | | keso | Menominee (Omaeqnomenew) | (also spelled Menomini) is an Algonquian language spoken by the historic Menominee people of what is now northern Wisconsin in the United States | | kesus | Etchemin | Etchemin was a language of the Algonquian language family, spoken in early colonial times on the coast of Maine. | | kizes | Potawatomi | The language of native americans. Algonquian; Algic; USA, Great Lakes | | gizos; kizos | Abenaki-Penobscot | an Eastern Algonquian language (like Micmac and Maliseet), which was spoken in eastern Maine, USA. This Native American language is now extinct. | | kizos | Abnaki Eastern | Eastern Abnaki is an extinct language once spoken by the Penobscot in the coastal area of the state of Maine, United States. | | gizos | Abnaki Western | Western Abnaki (also known as St. Francis) is an indigenous language spoken by around 20 individuals along the St. Lawrence River between Montreal and Quebec City. | | gizos | Abenaki | The language of native americans in Maine State (USA), Eastern Algonquian Language | | kizis | Algonquin | The language of native americans, Central Algonquian Languages in Canada (Ottawa) | | giizis (guzis) | Ojibway/Chippewa/Ojibwe | Ojibway is the language of native americans, Central Algonquian Languages. (Canada, USA) | | gizis | Ojibwa Eastern | Eastern Ojibwe is a dialect of the Ojibwe language spoken North of Lake Ontario and east of Georgian Bay in Ontario, Canada. | | kisihs | Ojibwa Severn | a dialect of the Ojibwe language spoken in a series of Oji-Cree communities in Northern Ontario and at Island Lake, Manitoba, Canada. | | giizis | Ottawa (or Odawa) | The language of native americans. Ottawa is a dialect of the Ojibwe language, spoken by the Ottawa people in Southern Ontario in Canada, and Northern Michigan in the United States. | | giizis (kizis) | Anishinaabe | The language of native americans, Algonquian Languages in Canada and USA | | hiisiis | Arapaho | The language of native americans. The Arapaho tribe were once a part of a vast network of Native Americans called the East Woodland tribes that lived along the East Coast of what is now the United States. | | kisux | Lenape | The language of native americans, Eastern Algonquian Language. New Jersey, Pennsylvania | | kisux (gisCuC) | Lenape/Delaware/Unami | The Lenape are a Native American tribe. They are also called Delaware Indians and their historical territory was along the Delaware River watershed, western Long Island and the Lower Hudson Valley (New Jersey and Pennsylvania). | | kisuhs | Maliseet | Maliseet (or Malecite-Passamaquoddy) is a Native American language spoken by about 1,500 people along the Saint John River, mostly in Canada (between New Brunswick, Quebec and Maine). It is an Eastern Algonquian language (in the same language family as Micmac and Maliseet). | | keshowse | Powhatan | The language of native americans at the east coast of the USA, near Ricomond city (Algonquian; Algic; North America). | | kilhs~wa; kirisua | Myaamia | Miami-Illinois (endonym: Myaamia). Myaamia is a indigenous Algonquian language formerly spoken in the United States, primarily in Illinois, Missouri, Indiana | | i'la | Ofo | The language of native americans in the eastern USA, the Siouan language family | | li salai | Michif | Michif (also Mitchif, Mechif, Michif-Cree, Metif, Metchif, French Cree) is the language of the Metis people of Canada and the United States | | L'isla | Haisla | at the Pacific coast of Canada | | L'isla | Kwakwala | at the Pacific coast of Canada | | L'xsiwala | Heiltsuk | at the Pacific coast of Canada | | kirisua | Kaskaskia Illinois | USA, Illinois state. | | gy~emk | Coast Tsimshian | at the Pacific coast of Canada | | hamapsa; swapsi | Obispenyo | California, USA | | t'ui-na | Northern Yana | Hokan language family: Yana group (Northern California) | | t'uina; t'ui | Yana | Yana (also Yanan) is an extinct language formerly spoken by the Yana people, who lived in North-central California between the Feather and Pit rivers in what is now the Shasta and Tehama counties. | | t'ui-xi | Yahi | Hokan language family: Yana group (Northern California) | | 35a | Diegueno (Mesa Grande) | Yuman; Hokan; USA, California state. | | nei'kioo' | Amuzgo (Guerrero dialect) | The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Central Mexico | | ndo'kwjion' | Nomndaa | Nomndaa (an alternate spelling of 'Non'ndaa') is an indigenous name for the Mexican Indian language Amuzgo | | n~ih2 | Chinantec (Lealao) | The language of native americans, Chinantecan; Oto-Manguean; Mexico | | ena | Mesa Grande 'Iipay | Hokan language family: Yuman group, Northern Mexico | | ana (a5a) | Mojave | the language of the native americans tribe at the border between the California and Arizona states (Hokan language family: Yuman group) | | na | Cocopa | Hokan language family: Yuman group, Northern Mexico | | na: | Yavapai | Hokan language family: Yuman group (USA, Arizona state) | | na | Jamul Tiipay | Hokan language family: Yuman group. USA, California | | na | Tipai | Tiipai (Tipay) is a Native American language spoken by a number of Kumeyaay (Kumiai) tribes in Northern Baja California and Southern San Diego County, | | ina; itan; oru; orun | Lucumi | Lucumi is a creolized Yoruba dialect and the liturgical language of Santeria in Cuba. | | 5i7 | Quiotepec (all dialects) | Chinantecan; Oto-Manguean; Mexico. | | a5a | Quechan (Yuma) | Quechan or Kwtsaan, also known as Yuma, is the native language of the Quechan people of southeastern California and southwestern Arizona in the Lower Colorado River Valley and Sonoran Desert. | | n7~iu | Popoloca Metzontla | Mexico | | njaxu\* | Popoloca De San Vicente Coyotepec | Coyotepec Popoloca is an indigenous language of Puebla state, Mexico. | | cawkE | Navi | The New-York district, USA | | cxayu | Siuslaw | Siuslaw was the language of the Siuslaw people and Lower Umpqua (Kuitsh) people in Oregon state (USA). Siuslaw is also known as Lower Umpqua; Upper Umpqua (or simply Umpqua) was an Athabaskan language. | | na7aic7uwi | San Bartolome Ayautla | south-western Mexico | | cu7i | San Juan Chiquihuitlan | the language of an indigenous people at the south of Mexico | | cu7i | Chiquihuitlan (Mazatec) | the language of an indigenous people at the south of Mexico | | c37we | San Lorenzo Cuaunecuiltitla | language of the indigenous people in south-western Mexico (the Oaxaca state) | | cu7wi | San Miguel Soyoltepec | Oaxaca state, Mexico | | c7ui | San Pedro Ixcatlan | Oaxaca state, Mexico | | c7ui | Huautla De Jimenez | Mexico | | c7iu | Jalapa De Diaz | Mexico | | ch'ujutat; Cuhutat | Ch'ol (Chol) | The language of native americans. Mayan; Mayan; Mexico, Chiapas. | | xuriata (jurhiata) | Purhepecha (Purepecha) | Purepecha a.k.a. P'urhepecha, often called Tarascan, is a language isolate or small language family that is spoken by a quarter-million Purepecha in the highlands of Michoacan, Mexico. | | xy~aru | Mazahua Central | Mexico | | jiaru | Mazahua | The language of native americans (Otomian; Oto-Manguean; Mexico) | | jiaru | Michoacan, Central | The language spoken by the Nahua Michoacan on the Pacific Coast of Mexico in Michoacan. It is a dialect of Nahuatl. | | tsui' (cu7i) | Mazatec | The language of native americans in northern part of Oaxaka state in southern Mezico, Oto-Manguean language family | | iSaw | Venturenyo | Outskirts of Los Angeles, USA | | alacam qsi; qsi | Samala | Indians of North America | | qsi | Chumash (Ineseno) | Chumash; Chumash; the language of the North American Indians on the Southern California coast | | qsi | Inesenyo (Inezeno, Ineseno) | native americans in California, Pasific seashore, USA | | alica; aliSaw | Barbareno | Barbareno is one of the extinct Chumashan languages, a group of Native American languages, which was spoken in the area of Santa Barbara, California. | | da-dap | North Fork | California, USA | | di:be | Washo | Washo family: Washo group, at the border between California and Nevada states (USA) | | tabi (dabai) | Shoshoni | Shoshoni, also written as Shoshoni-Gosiute and Shoshone is a Numic language of the Uto-Aztecan family, spoken in the Western United States by the Shoshone people | | tape | Mono | The language of native americans in central part of California state (USA), there are only 40 peoples who speak the language (Numic; Uto-Aztecan; North America) | | tadabe | Western Mono | Mono is a Native American language of the Numic group of Uto-Aztecan languages, the ancestral language of the Mono people (California) | | tibe (dibe) | Washo | The language of native americans at the border of states California and Nevada (USA) especially around the Taho Lake, Hokan language family | | taa'a | Mayo | The language of native americans in Mexico, Uto-Aztecan language family (Cahita; Uto-Aztecan; North America) | | taa'a | Yaqui | The language of native americans in Mexico, Uto-Aztecan language family (Cahita; Uto-Aztecan; North America) | | epang | Cochimi | The language of native americans in Mexico (Baja California state), Hokan language family | | taabe | Comanche | The language of native americans in Texas (USA), Uto-Aztecan language family. | | taawa; dawa | Hopi | (self-name: Hopilavayi); Uto-Aztecan language in north-eastern Arizona, USA. | | taal | Tubatulabal | The language of native americans in California (USA), Uto-Aztecan language family. | | tabe | Panamint | The language of native americans in California (USA), Uto-Aztecan language family | | tava | Kawaiisu | The language of native americans in California (USA), Uto-Aztecan language family. | | tava; tavaCi; tavap3ci | Ute | The Ute language (also Southern Paiute and Colorado River), of the Numic branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family, is actually a dialect chain which stretches from southeastern California to Colorado. | | tava; tavaci | Paiute (Southern) | The language of native americans in Arizona and Utah states (USA). | | ta'va | Chemehuevi | The southernmost variety of the Paiute language in the USA. | | taba | Paiute (Northern) | The language of native americans in Western USA, Uto-Aztecan language family. | | tata; tasaLit | Tubar | Tubar or Tubare, is an extinct language of Southern Chihuahua, Mexico that belonged to the Uto-Aztecan language family. | | tada | Cuna | Panama (on the border with Venezuela) | | dada | Dulegaya | Dulegaya (Kuna Language). Spoken by the Kuna people of Panama and Colombia, belongs to the Chibchan language family. | | dada | Kuna Yala San Blas | Panama | | taha (ta7a) | Varihio (Huarijio) | The language of native americans, Uto-Aztecan language family. Huarijio (also spelled Guarijio and Warihio) is a Uto-Aztecan language of the states of Chihuahua and Sonora in northwestern Mexico. It is spoken by around 5,000 Huarijio people | | tasai | Northern Tepehuan | Northern Mexico. | | tasai | Tepehuan | The language of native americans in northwestern Mexico, Uto-Aztecan language family | | tash | Tohono Oodham (Papago) | The language of native americans in Arizona state (USA), Uto-Aztecan language family | | taS3 | Upper Pima | The Southern Arizona (USA), near the Mexico border | | tasa | Pima Bajo | The language of native americans in northwestern Mexico, Uto-Aztecan language family. | | taS | Lower Pima | Mexico, the Sonora state | | tuna | Nahuatl Buenos Aires Alamo | Mexico | | tunal | Pipil | The language of native americans, Uto-Aztecan language family (Aztecan; Uto-Aztecan; North America) | | tunal | Nahuatl Coatepec Costales; | Mexico | | tunal | Nahuatl Coatepec Costales Teleoloapan; | Mexico | | tunal | Nahuatl Santa Maria Teopoxco; | Mexico | | tunal | Nahuatl Xoxocotla Puente De Ixtla; | Mexico | | tunal | Tetelcingo Nahuatl | Tetelcingo Nahuatl, called Mцsiehuali by its speakers, is a Nahuatl variety of central Mexico. | | th~oN; 8oN | Tewa | The Tewa language is spoken in seven Pueblos in the Southwest United States. There are six Tewa speaking Pueblos in the Rio Grande Valley of New Mexico consisting of Nambe, Ohkay Owingeh, Pojoaque, Santa Clara, San Ildefonso and Tesuque. | | th~oN | Tewa Arizona | The language is spoken in the Southwest United States. | | 8oN | Tewa Santa Clara | The language is spoken in the Southwest United States. | | 8ur | Tiwa Southern | The language is spoken in the Southwest United States. | | th~ol | Tiwa Northern Picuris | Picuris is a language of the Northern Tiwa branch of Tanoan spoken in Picuris Pueblo, New Mexico. | | th~ul | Tiwa Northern Taos | The Taos language of the Northern Tiwa language branch of the Tanoan language family is spoken in Taos Pueblo, New Mexico. | | toma | Wiyot | The language of native americans in California (USA), Ritwan Language (Wiyot; Algic; North America) | | tona | Nahuatl Chinancahuatl Zacualtipan | Nahuatl language Uto-Aztecan language of Mexico, which continues to be spoken by more than a million modern Mexicans in various markedly divergent dialects. | | tona | Nahuatl Chicontepec | Mexico | | tona | Nahuatl Coxcatlan | Mexico | | tona | Nahuatl Sierra De Zacapoaxtla | Mexico | | tonancin | Nahuatl Acatlan | Mexico | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | tonal | Nahuatl Atlacholoaya Xochitepec; Atliaca Tixtla; Axochiapan; Ayotoxco; Chilacachapa Cuetzala Del Progreso; Coyotepec; Cuacuila Huauchinango; Cuentepec Temixco; Hueyapan Tetela Del Volcan; Hueyati Yahualica; Huitziltepec Zumpango Del Rio; Pomaro Aquila; Quetzalapa Azoyu; Jalatlaco; Rafael Delgado; San Agustin Oapan; Santa Ana Tlacotenco; Tepotztlan; Xaalitla Tepecuauilco; Xalatzala Tlapa; Xalpatlahuac; Xilocuautla Huauchinango; Chichiquila | Mexico | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | tonalcin | Nahuatl Acaxochitlan | Mexico | | tonalcin | Nahuatl Amilcingo Zacualpan | Mexico | | tonalcin | Nahuatl Del Norte Del Estado De Puebla | Mexico | | tonalcin | Nahuatl San Pedro Tlalcuapan Santa Ana Chiautempan | Mexico | | tonaLcin | Nahuatl Rafael Delgado | Mexico | | tonalci | Nahuatl Jicocingo Zacatlan | Mexico | | tonalci | Nahuatl Huatlatlauca | Mexico | | tonalci | Nahuatl San Miguel Ayotla | Mexico | | tonaLci | Nahuatl San Pablo Zoquitlan | Mexico | | tonaLci\* | Nahuatl Chignautla | Mexico | | totacin | Nahuatl Mecayapan | Mexico | | tonacin | Nahuatl Sta Ma Coapan | Mexico | | tonacin | Nahuatl San Francisco Tlalnepantla | Mexico | | tonati | Nahuatl Cuatlamayan Antonio Santos; Ixhuatlan De Madero; La Reforma Tepehuacan De Guerrero; Las Balsas; Xochiatipan; Zahuastipan San Augustin Metzquititlan; Mecayapan | Mexico | | tonati7 | Nahuatl Montegrande Platon Sanchez | Mexico | | tonati7 | Nahuatl Pajapan | Mexico | | tonati7 | Nahuatl Xochiatipan | Mexico | | tonali7 | Nahuatl Zitlala | Mexico | | tonaltsi | Nahuatl San Bernardino Teotitlan Del Camino | Mexico | | tonalkon | Nahuatl San Jeronino Amanalco | Mexico | | tonat | Nahuatl San Jose Miahuatlan | Mexico | | tonat | Nahuatl San Pedro Jicora | Mexico | | tonate | Nahuatl Tlalnepantla Tamazunchale | Mexico | | tonate | Nahuatl Xilitla | Mexico | | tonat3 | Nahuatl Cuamelc0 Tianguistengo | Mexico | | tonaltzintli, tonalli (?) | Nahuatl/Aztec | The language of native americans. Nahuatl is a group of languages from the Nahuan branch of Uto-Aztecan language family | | tunel | Pochutla Nahuatl | Mexico | | tonal | Zacapoaxtla Nahuat | Mexico | | tonal | Nahuatl Reyes de Vallarta Tuzamapan | Mexico | | tonatiuh (tonalli) | Nahuatl | an Uto-Aztecan language, that was spoken by inhabitants of Central part o Mexico (Nahua people) before spaniards come. In Nahuatl language the word 'Aztec' means 'somebody from Aztlan' (a mithical place somewhere on the North). | | tonati | Nahuatl de San Agustin de Buenaventura | Mexico | | tonatin | Tabasco Nahuatl Cupilco | The Southern Mexico (the seashore of the Gulf of Mexico) | | tonaL | Nahuatl Chilocoyo Huehuetla | Mexico | | tonaLcin | Nahuatl Ixtacamaxtitlan | Mexico | | nad | Surui Do Rondonia | the language of the indigenous people of Western Brazil | | nat | Cinta-Larga | Cinta Larga is a Tupian dialect cluster of Brazil | | naty; teat nut | Huave languages (various) | (Oaxaca, Mexico) — language isolate | | naT | Huave de San Francisco Del Mar | one of the dialects of Huave (Oaxaca, Mexico). | | nati | San Mateo Del Mar Huave | one of the dialects of Huave (Oaxaca, Mexico). (Oaxaca, Mexico). | | nane | Jonaz De | Mexico | | taamit | Gabrielino | The language of native americans in the suburbs of Los Angeles (USA), Uto-Aztecan language family | | taamit | Serrano | The language of native americans in the suburbs of Los Angeles (USA), Uto-Aztecan language family. | | tameat | Kitanemuk | USA, the California state, North of Los Angeles | | t'amit (tamiat) | Cahuilla | The language of native americans near Los Angeles (Takic; Uto-Aztecan; North America). | | tamyut; tami | Cupeño (Cupeno) | Cupeño is an extinct Uto-Aztecan language, formerly spoken by the Cupeño people of Southern California, USA. | | temet | Juaneno | Juaneno is a Uto-Aztecan language of Southern California. | | temet | Netela | a Native American language of Southern California | | timet | Luiseno | a Native American endangered language of Southern California (Uto-Aztecan language family). | | tau | Huichol | The language of native americans in Mexico, Uto-Aztecan language family (Corachol; Uto-Aztecan; North America) | | tat; tawi | Opata | (Opata, Teguima, Eudeve, Heve, Dohema). The dead language of native americans, Uto-Aztecan language family (Mexico) | | tawni | Naayarite | The Cora (El Nayar Cora) language is an indigenous language of Mexico (Nayarit State), spoken by the ethnic group widely known as the Cora but who refers to themselves as Naayarite. | | tani'm | Quinault | The language of native americans, the Salishan language family | | tanun | Matis | The language of native americans, Pano-Tacanan language family | | tanym | Cruzenyo | language of native americans in Los Angeles suburb, USA | | tanum | Cruzeno | Cruzeno, also known as Isleno (Ysleno) or Island Chumash, was one of the Chumashan languages spoken along the coastal areas of Southern California. | | tapetci | Tumpisa | Timbisha (Tumpisa; also called Panamint or Koso) is the language of the Native American people who have inhabited the region in and around Death Valley, California and the Southern Owens Valley since late prehistoric times. | | taxas | Tonkawa | The Tonkawa language was used by native americans in Oklahoma, Texas and New Mexico (USA). | | ieg (hieg) | Chinantec (Palantla) | The language of native americans in Southern Mexico, Chinantecan; Oto-Manguean; North America | | dy~ie | Chinantec San Felipe Usila | Usila is a Chinantec language of Southern Mexico | | hiedi | Otomi | The language of native americans in Mexico, Oto-Manguean language family | | hiadi | Otomi Toluca | Mexico | | hiadi | Otomi Acambay | the central altiplano region of Mexico | | hiadi | Otomi De Ixtenco | Mexico | | hiadi | Otomi De San Andres Cuexcontitlan | Mexico | | hiadi | Otomi De 1776 | Mexico | | hy~adi | Otomi De El Baile | Mexico | | hy~adi | Otomi Mezquital | Mexico | | hy~adi | Otomi Queretaro | Mexico | | Ziadi | Otomi Temoaya | Mexico | | g3nu7; dius | Tamasopo Pame | Mexico | | ngubic3 | Ocotlan Zapotec | Zapotec language, spoken in the center of Oahaka state in suburbs of Ocotlan and Santiago-Apostol cities (Mexico). | | mb~ic (Ng~bic) | Quioquitani Quieri Zapotec | Mexico | | ngbic | Zapotec Mixtepec | Mexico | | b~ic | Xanaguia Zapotec | Mexico | | obica | Choapan Zapotec | The Southern Mexico | | ubiza | Aloapam (Zaq) | The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, Mexico | | bica | Zapotec Sierra De Juarez | Mexico | | kopiCa; pito | Zapotec | Mexico | | wiz | Zapotec Loxicha | Mexico | | widz | Coatlan (Zps) | The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, Mexico | | widz | Yalalag (Zpu) | The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, Mexico | | wizh | Coatlan Loxicha Zapotec | Mexico | | wid7 | Nukak | Nukak (Guaviare, Maczsa, Nukak Maku) The Nukak people live between the Guaviare and Inirida rivers, in the depths of the tropical humid forest, on the fringe of the Amazon basin, in Guaviare Department, Republic of Colombia | | wid7 | Nukak Maku | Colombia | | wid7 | Waviare | Waviare (a.k.a. Makusa, Nukak Maku, Carabayo, Guaviare) South America | | widoh (wEdho) | Jupda | (also called Hup, Hupde, Hupda, Hupde, Hupda Maku, Macu, Maku-Hupda, Macu De, Hupda, and Jupde) is one of the four Nadahup languages. It is spoken by the Hupda and Yohup, indigenous Amazonian peoples who live in Brazil and Colombia. | | wEdoh | Yuhup | North-west Amazonia | | wbw~iZ | Zapotec San Lucas Quiavini | Mexico | | gw~biZ (gw~ba) | Zapotec Zoogocho | Mexico | | bidza | Zapotec (Juarez) (zaa) | The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, Mexico | | gubidza | Zapotec Southern Rincon | Mexico | | gubidxa | Zapotec | The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family | | gubidge | Tilquiapan (Zts) | The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, Mexico | | gubidgi | Santa Inas Yatzechi (Zpn) | The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, Mexico | | gubi(h)dz | Zapotec (Mitla) (Zaw) | The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, Mexico | | gubidza | Zapotec (Isthmus) (Zai) | The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, Mexico | | gubidz | San Juan Guelavia (Zab) | The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, Mexico | | ngubidzi | Ocotlan (Zac) | The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, Mexico | | obidza | Choapan (Zpc) | The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, Mexico | | mbidz | Amatlan (Zpo) | The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, Mexico | | mbidge | Xanagua (Ztg) | The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, Mexico | | mbidge (ngbidg) | Quioquitani-Quieri (Ztq) | The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, Mexico | | g(w)iz | Zaniza (Zpw) | The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, Mexico | | wbidz | Cajonos (Zad) | The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, Mexico | | dad-ubiza | Yareni (Zae) | The first part (dad) is from regional Spanish tata meaning 'father'. The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, Mexico | | dzang(w)idz | Ayoquesco (Zaf) | The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, Mexico | | g(w)bidz | Yatzachi (Zav) | The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, Mexico | | wi(h)dz; gobidz | San Pedro Quiatoni (Zpf) | The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, Mexico, the center of Oaxaca state | | ngbiz | Santa Maria Quiegolani (Zpi) | Zapotec (Quiegolani) is a language of native americans in Southern Mexico (Oaxaca state), Oto-Manguean language family. | | q'ij | Kiche | Kiche, or Quiche, is spoken by about a million speakers in Guatemala, where it is the second most widely spoken language after Spanish. Kiche belongs to the Mayan language family. | | 'ij | Achi | The language of native americans in Guatemala, Mayan language family. The language is very closely related to K'iche' (Quiche). | | bitshia | Lachixio (Zpl) | The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, Southern Mexico | | do | Texmelucan (Zpz) | The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family, Zapotec group, SOuthern Mexico | | hase | Mobilian Jargon | Mobilian Jargon (also Mobilian trade language, Mobilian Trade Jargon, Chickasaw–Choctaw trade language, Yama) was a pidgin used as a lingua franca among Native American groups living along the Gulf of Mexico around the time of European settlement of the region. | | haso7 k'atena | Pilaga | Pilaga is a Guaicuruan language spoken by 4,000 people in the Bermejo and Pilcomayo River valleys, western Formosa Province, in Northeastern Argentina. | | tena | Siriono | Siriono is a Tupian language spoken by about 400 Sirionу people (50 are monolingual) and 120 Yuqui in eastern Bolivia | | te\*nda | Yuqui | The Yuqui are an indigenous people of Bolivia. They primarily live in the Santa Cruz and Cochabamba Departments of central Bolivia. | | k'u | Acatec (Aсatek, Akateko) | The language of native americans in Guatemala, Mayan language family. | | k'u | Acateco San Miguel Acatan | Akatek (Acateco) is a Mayan language spoken by the Akatek people primarily in the Huehuetenango Department, Guatemala in and around the municipalities of Concepciуn Huista, Nentуn, San Miguel Acatan... | | k'u | Chuj San Mateo Ixtatan | Guatemala | | k'u | Chuj | The language of native americans in Guatemala, Mayan language family | | k'u | Kanjobal | The language of native americans in Guatemala, Mayan language family | | k'u | Qanjobal Santa Eulalia | Guatemala | | kucha | Chatino (Yaitepec) | The language of native americans in Mexico, Oto-Manguean language family. | | kucha2; xo7o kiCa | Chatino (Tataltepec) | Zapotecan; Oto-Manguean; Mexico | | k'iCa | Huasteco | Huasteco (Huastec) is a Mayan language with about 150,000 speakers in Mexico, mainly in the states of San Luis Potosi, Veracruz and Tamaulipas | | k'iCa | San Luнs Potosн Huastec | The language of native americans, Mayan language family | | kw~iCa | Chatino Western Highland | Mexico, the Oaxaco state | | k'in | Ch'olti' (Cholti) | The Ch'olti' language is an extinct Mayan language which was spoken by the Manche Ch'ol people of eastern Guatemala and Southern Belize. | | k'in; lah C'utat | Chol Tila | The Southern Mexico | | k'in | Chontal Tabasco | The language of native americans (Mexico), Mayan language family | | k'in | Chorti | The language of native americans, Mayan language family | | k'in | Lacandon | The language of native americans, Mayan language family | | k'in | Mopan | The language of native americans, who live in the Peten Department of Guatemala and in the Maya Mountains region of Belize. | | k'in | Mopan San Luis Peten | Guatemala | | k'in | Maya Yucatan | (Maya Yucateca) Mexico, Yucatan state | | k"in | Chorti Jocotan | The language of native americans, Mayan language family | | k'iin | Yucatec Maya | The language of native americans, Mayan language family | | k'in | Maya | The ancient civilization of America (III-X c. BC) | | kiin | Yucatec | (Maya Yucateco) — one of Maaya languages, spoken at Yucatan peninsula, in Northern Belize and part of Guatemala. The speakers of the language call it 'Maaya'. | | kin (k'in) | Itza-Maya | a.k.a. Itza, Itzaj (known to its own speakers simply as Maya) is a Mayan language of Northern Guatemala and Belize. | | tz'ayik | Jacalteco | The language of native americans, Mayan language family | | tz'a'ik | Mocho | The language of native americans in Guatemala and Southeastern Mexico, Mayan language family | | g'i | Olamentke | The language of native americans in California, USA | | q'ij | Ixil | The language of native americans in Guatemala, Mayan language family | | q'ij | Mam | The language of native americans in Guatemala, Mayan language family | | q'ij | Cakchiquel (Kakchikel) | Guatemala | | q'ix | Northern San Martin Jilotepeque | Guatemala | | q'ix | Southern Cakchiquel San Andres Itzapa | Guatemala | | q'ix | Western Cakchiquel Patzun | Guatemala | | q'ix | Achi—Rabinal | Achi is a Mayan language very closely related to K'iche'. It is spoken by the Achi people, primarily in the department of Baja Verapaz in Guatemala. There are two Achi dialects. Rabinal Achi is spoken in the Rabinal area, and Cubulco Achi is spoken in the Cubulco area west of Rabinal. Guatemala. South America. | | q'ix | Northern Cakchiquel San Martin Jilotepeque | This language is spoken in Guatemala | | q'ix | Northern Cakchiquel Tecpan | Guatemala | | q'ix | Northern Mam San Ildefonso Ixtahuacan | a Mayan language (San Ildefonso Ixtahuacan, one of the towns in the Northern Mam region). | | q'ix | Pocomam Eastern | Guatemala | | q'ix | Pocomam San Luis Jilotepeque | Guatemala | | q'ix | Poqomchi Western | Poqomchi is a Mayan language spoken by the Poqomchi’ Maya of Guatemala, and is very closely related to Poqomam. | | q'ix | Sipakapense | Sipakapense is a Mayan language, closely related to K'iche'. It is spoken natively within indigenous Sipakapense communities, primarily based in the Guatemalan municipality of Sipacapa, department of San Marcos. | | q'ix | Southern Cakchiquel San Andres Itzapa | Guatemala | | q'ix | Southern Mam San Juan Ostuncalco | Guatemala | | q'ix | Sacapulteco Sacapulas Centro | Guatemala | | q'ix | Tzutujil San Juan La Laguna | Guatemala | | q'ix | Tzutujil Santiago Atitlan | Guatemala | | q'ix | Tzutujil Western | Guatemala | | q'ix | Western Pocomam San Cristobal Verapaz | Guatemala | | q'ix | Western Quiche Momostenango | Guatemala | | q'ix | Western Quiche Santa Catarina Ixtahuacan | the Solola department of Guatemala | | q'ix | Western Quiche Totonicapan | western Guatemala | | q'ix | Uspanteko | The Uspanteko (Uspanteco, Uspanteko, Uspantec) is a Mayan language of Guatemala, closely related to K'iche'. | | q'ix | Western Cakchiquel Patzun | an indigenous Mesoamerican language in Guatemala | | q'ix | Central Quiche | Guatemala | | q'ix | Central Quiche Santa Maria Chiquimula | Guatemala | | q'ix | Eastern Quiche Rabinal | Guatemala | | q“ex (q'ex) | Aguacateco | A Mayan language spoken in Guatemala. | | q“ex | Aguacateco-Aguacatan | A Mayan language spoken in Guatemala. | | ix | Kichee Cubulco | Cubulco is a small town located in the Guatemalan department of Baja Verapaz. | | XiX | Kichee (Quiche), all dialects | Guatemala | | q'iij | Pocomchi | The language of native americans in Guatemala, Mayan language family | | q'iij | Quiche | The language of native americans in Guatemala, Mayan language family | | q'iij | Sacapulteco | The language of native americans in Guatemala, Mayan language family | | q'iij | Sipacapense | The language of native americans in Guatemala, Mayan language family | | q'iij | Tectiteco | The language of native americans in Guatemala, Mayan language family | | q'iij | Tzutujil | The language of native americans in Guatemala, Mayan language family | | q'iij | Uspanteco | The language of native americans in Guatemala, Mayan language family | | q'iij | Poqomam | Poqomam (Pokomam) is a Mayan language, closely related to Poqomchi’. It is spoken by 50,000 people in several small regions in Guatemala. | | k'ak'u | Tojolabal | The language of native americans in Southern Mexico, Mayan language family | | k'akal | Tzeltal | The language of native americans in Southern Mexico, Mayan language family | | k'ak'al | Tzotzil | The language of native americans, spoken today by 78,000 Indians of the state of Chiapas, Southern Mexico. Mayan language family | | k'ak'al | Tzeltal Bachajon | a Mayan language spoken in the North-east part of the state of Chiapas in Mexico. | | k'ak'al | Tzotzil Huixtan | Tzotzil is a Maya language spoken by the indigenous Tzotzil Maya people in the Mexican state of Chiapas | | k'ak'al | Tzotzil San Andres | Mexico | | k'ak'al | Tzotzil Zinacantan | Mexico | | q'aq'al | Chicomuceltec | The language of native americans in Southern Mexico, Mayan language family | | k'al | Tzeltal Oxchuc | (Cancuc, Chanal, Highland Tzeltal, Oxchuc Tzeltal, Tenango, Tenejapa, Tseltal, Tzeltal) — a Mayan language in the state of Chiapas in Mexico (Oxchuc municipality) | | T'ul k'ak'al | Tzotzil Venustiano Carranza | Mexico | | nikuaсa | Bogota | The language of native americans in Panama, Chibchan language family | | kak | Boruca (Borunca) | The language of native americans, Chibchan language family, Costa Rica, Central America | | ahka; daska | Subtiaba | Subtiaba is an extinct Oto-Manguean language which was spoken on the Pacific slope of Nicaragua | | ahpuLa | Cuitlatec | Mexico, Guerrero state | | hka7 | Mephaa Acatepec | Mexico | | a3kha'3 | Tlapaneco | The language of native americans in Mexico (Guerrero State), Oto-Manguean language family | | akh~a | Tlacoapa Mephaa | Mexico | | akh~a7 | Tlapanec Malinaltepec | Tlapanec is an indigenous Mexican language spoken by more than 98,000 Tlapanec people in the state of Guerrero. | | pan; pari | Xinca | The language of native americans in Guatemala, Chibchan language family. | | pari (?) | Yupultepec | (a.k.a. Chiquimulilla) an extinct language of native americans in Guatemala. | | lapta | Miskito (Miskitu) | The Native American language belonging to the Chibchan family (Misumalpan group). It is spoken in Nicaragua and Honduras by approximately 180,000 Miskitos people. | | yamat | Puinave | Spoken along the Colombia Border, Eastern Central Region, Venezuela. Also spoken in Colombia. | | yantonu | Yabarana | The language of native americans in Amazonas state (Brazil), Caribbean language family | | ya; na (nyaa) | Bari | The language of native americans at Northern Colombia near Venezuelian border, Chibchan language family. | | 5a7 | Walapai | Havasupai-Hualapai (Havasupai-Walapai) is the Native American language spoken by the Hualapai (also spelled Walapai) and Havasupai peoples of Northwestern Arizona. | | 5a | Paipai | The extinct language of native people Paipai, in Ensenada city (Baja California, Mexico). | | 5a | Venezuelan Bari | Venezuelan Bari is a Chibchan language spoken in Venezuela | | 5umbui | Mangue | Nicaragua | | nareupa | Cuica | Venezuela | | ninik (nuunik) | Rama | The language of native americans in Nicaragua, Chibchan language family, Votic Chibchan | | ninguane; iriratro | Guaymi | The language of native americans in Costa Rica, Chibchan language family, Isthmic Chibchan | | ninguane (noa5a) | Ngabere | The language of 150,000 native americans in Panama and Costa Rica, Chibchan language family (Guaymi; Chibchan; South America) | | nd~iNNa7 | Chimila | The language of native americans, Chibchan language family, Southeastern Chibchan (Nothern Colombia) | | 5ica5ii | Mixteco De San Juan Colorado | Mexico | | nj~ika nj~i | Mixteco de Penyoles | Mexico | | ndikandi | Chalcatongo Mixtec | Mexico, the Oaxaca state | | nikadi | Jicaltepec Mixtec | Mexico | | nd~ikand~i | Yosondua Mixtec | The south of Mexico | | kandii | To'on Savi | Mexico | | konhon' | Pame | The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family (Pamean; Oto-Manguean; North America) | | konh~u7 | Central Pame | Mexico | | numu | Chorotega | The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family | | nomo | Mangue | The language of native americans in Central America, Oto-Manguean language family | | noa5a | Ngabere | Ngabere Indian Language (Guaymi, Chiriqui). Ngabere is a Chibchan language of Central America, spoken by 150,000 people in Panama and Costa Rica. | | ndikandii | Mixteco | The language of native americans in Mexico, Oto-Manguean language family | | 5ikandyi | Mixteco de Chayuco | the Oaxaca state, Mexico) | | 5u\*7u | Mixtec Alcozauca | Mexico | | 5u7un | Mixtec Northern Tlaxiaco | Mexico | | diwo | Bribri | The language of native americans, Chibchan language family (Chibchan; North America). Costa Rica (near to the Panama border) | | doro; dlo | Teribe | Teribe is a language spoken by the Naso or Teribe Indians; it is used primarily in the Bocas del Toro Province of Northwestern Panama and in the Southern part of Costa Rica's Puntarenas Province | | do | Yaruro | spoken in the West Central Region, Venezuela. | | kawo | Cabecar | The language of native americans in Costa Rica, Chibchan language family | | kaNvuh | Cabecar Chiripo | Costa Rica | | kawe | Salinan | The language of native americans (California), Hokan language family | | cu·war (c'u:war) | Shasta | The language of native americans, Hokan language family. At the California and Oregon states border. | | ar; kwarahy; kwarahya | Parakan | Parakan is a Tupi-Guarani language spoken by about 800 indigenous people in Brazil (Xingu, State of Para). | | kuwer; war | Kaera | Southern Indonesia | | kw~ala3 (kw~ara3) | Wayampi | Wayampi (Guayapi, Oiampi) is a Tupi-Guarani language spoken by the Wayampi people. It is spoken in French Guyana and Brazil. | | kw~ala3 | Emerillon | Tupi-Guarani; Tupian; South America, Gayana | | kw~an | Tapirape | The language of the Tapirape indigenous people in central Brazil | | kw~ar | Ava Canoeiro | Ava-Canoeiro, known as Ava or Canoe, is a minor Tupi-Guarani language of the state of Goias, in the Amazon region of Brazil. | | kw~ara | Amondava | (local name is uru-eu-uau-uau) Brazil, near the border with Bolivia | | kw~ara | Parintintin | The Parintintin are an indigenous people who live in Brazil in the Madeira River basin. | | kw~ara | Uruewauwau | Brazil (near Bolivian border) | | kw~arah3 | Akwawa | Akwawa is a Tupi-Guarani dialect cluster spoken in Para in western Brazil. | | kw~arah3 | Guajá | Guaja (or Awa, Ayaya, Guaxare, Wazaizara, Guajajara), isolated language of Tupi-Guarani family in Brazil, Para state. | | kw~arah3 | Surui do Para | The Surui do Para dialect of the Tupian Akwawa language of Brazil is spoken in the Araguaia region in the state Para | | kw~arah3a | Parakana | western Brazil | | kw~arahi | Guarani Antigo | Paraguay | | kw~arahi | Guarani Kaiwa | Southern Brazil, near the Paraguayan border. | | kw~arasi | Pankararu | Pankararu is an extinct language of eastern Brazil. | | kw~arha | Xeta | Xeta is an extinct Tupi-Guarani language of Brazil. | | kw~arosi | Omagua | Peru and by a number of semi-speakers near the town of Tefe in Brazil | | kw~at | Asurini | Tupi-Guarani; Tupian; South America | | kw~at | Aweti | one of the Tupian languages of Central Brazil. | | kw~at | Kamayura | The Kamayura language belongs to the Tupi-Guarani family, and is spoken by the Kamayura people of Brazil | | kw~at | Kayabi | Kayabi (Caiabi) is a Tupian language spoken by the Kayabi people of Mato Grosso, Brazil. | | kw~azadi | Xipaya | Xipaya (or Shipaja or Xipaia) is an endangered language spoken in the Para region of Brazil. | | hwa | Taruma | Northern Brazilia. | | Swa (hwa) | Muniche | The language of native americans in Peru | | hw~ala7 | Wichi Lhamtes Guisnay | North Argentina | | fwala (ifwala) | Wichi Lhamtes | the northern part of Argentina and the Northern Bolivia | | ihw~ala | Wichi Lhamtes Vejoz | It is a Mataco-Guaicuru language of Argentina and Bolivia. Speakers are concentrated in Northern parts of Chaco, Formosa, Salta, Jujuy Provinces, as well as west of Toba, the upper Bermejo River valley, and Pilcomayo River. | | hwa'laʔ (fwala) | Wichi | Wichi is a Matacoan language spoken among the Wichi people of Argentina and Bolivia. | | fw~ala | Mataco | Northern Argentine (at the border with Paraguy) | | kwara | Wirafed | the language of Tupi-Guarani family in Brazil, Moto Grosso state (near the border with Bolivia). | | kwaras3 | Tapiete | Tapiete is a Tupi-Guarani language spoken by 33 Paraguayans, 100 Argentines, and 70 Bolivians. | | kwarahi | Turiwara | Turiwara is an extinct Tupi-Guarani language of the state of Para, in the Amazon region of Brazil. | | kuarahy | Guarani | The language of native americans in Paraguay, Tupian language family | | kuarasy | Tupinamba | (Nhe'engatu, Tupynamba) Tupi-Guarany language family. Brazil. | | kuarasi | Chiriguano | Tupi-Guarani; Tupian (a language in Northern Argentina) | | kuarasy | Tupi | the language of Tupi tribes that inhabit the Brazilian coast at the time of Portuguese come (the language died 300 years ago) | | kwazadi | Shipaya | (Shipaja, Xipaia) The nearly extinct language of native americans in Brazil (the Para state), Tupian language family | | kuarahy | Guarani | (Avane'e) Indian language, spoken in some South America countries, one of the two state languages of Paraguay. The language belongs to the Tupi-Guarani subfamily of the Tupian languages. | | kuad3 | Yuruna | (Alternate Names: Juruna, Iuruna, Jaruna, Yudja, Yudya). Brazil. | | kuat (kw~at)) | Kamaiura | Tupi-Guarani; Tupian; (Northern Brazil). | | kuarai | Mbya | the Southern Paraguay | | ra; kuarai | Kaingang (a.k.a. Bugre, Kaingan, Coroado, Coroados, Caingang) | Southern Brazil | | yaSa | Lenca—El Salvador | one of the indigenous Mesoamerican languages (Salvador). | | ra7asa | Mocovi | The Mocovi language is a Guaicuruan language of Argentina spoken by about 3,000 people, mostly in Santa Fe province. | | rasa (ra'sa) | Tunebo | The Uwa language, Uw Cuwa, commonly known as Tunebo, is a Chibchan language spoken by between 1,800 and 3,600 of the Uwa people of Colombia | | yekbay | Payagua | Payagua (Payawa) is an extinct language of Paraguay, Argentina, and Bolivia, spoken by the Payagua Indians. | | kuikae (kw~ikay) | Kapishana (Capishana) | Kapishana (a.k.a. Kanoe) is a nearly extinct language isolate of Rondonia, Brazil. | | kiakop | Tupari | Tupari is a Tupian language of Brazil. | | kiakop | Mekens | Western Brazil, the Rondonia state | | kokoy; loc'akh~ | Jicaque | Honduras | | loc'ak | Tol | the language of 500 indians in Francisco Morazan Department in Honduras | | eoke | Coeruna | the North-Western Brazil | | ka wo; bei bulu | Cabecar | Costa Rica (Central America) | | Coi | Buglere Murire | Panama | | kie; kiepurig | Maipure | Venezuela (South America) | | kai (kei) | Paraujano | Paraujano is an Arawakan language spoken by the Paraujano (or Anu) people of Venezuela. | | kerele | Dorasque | The endangered language of native americans in Panama, Chibchan language family | | kokobuyo | Kankuamo | The endangered language of native americans in Colombia, Chibchan language family | | keliku | Changuena | The language of native americans in Panama, Chibchan language family | | atokachi | Apurina | The language of the South America aborigines in Sestern Brazil, Arawakan language family | | cuarachi | Cocama (Kokama) | Tupi-Guarani; Tupian; western South America (Peru). | | kachi | Chontaquiro | The language of the South America aborigines, Arawakan language family | | kache | Guana | The language of the South America aborigines in Brazil, Arawakan language family (Mascoian; Mascoian; South America) | | kaSE | Kinikinau | Brazil. Terena, Chane, Guana and Kinikinau are one and the same language (almost dead) | | aligexe | Kadiweu | Brazil, the Mata Grosso do Sul state | | ha'i (kESe) | Terena | The language of the South America aborigines (Brazil), Arawakan language family | | ket3 | Bahuana | the language on the Northern part of Brazil | | oes | Guachi | Brazil, The Mata Grosso do Sul province | | ipe | Cuna (Kuna) | The language of native americans in Panama, Chibchan language family, Isthmic Chibchan | | weju (weyu) | Carib | Spoken along the North Coast, Suriname. Also spoken in Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana and Venezuela. | | guey | Taino | The language is spoken by the Taino people of Puerto Rico and other islands of the Caribbean such as Cuba, Jamaica, and the Dominican Republic/Haiti. Taino is an Arawakan language. | | weyeyu | Island Carib | The language of native americans in Dominica island, South America, Arawakan language family | | kaCi; weyu | Carib as of 1665 | The language of native americans in Grenada (South Grenadines Islands), Cariban language family | | weju | Carib De'kwana | The language of native americans in Venezuela, Caribbean language family | | veyu | Tamanaku | The indengered language of native americans in Venezuela, Caribbean language family | | veyu | Trio | The language of native americans in Surinam, Caribbean language family | | weyu | Akawaio | The language of native americans in Guyana, Caribbean language family. | | weyu | Garifuna | Garifuna (Karif) is a minority language widely spoken in villages of Garifuna people in the western part of the Northern coast of Central America. | | weyu | Kalina | Suriname (South America) | | wekulue (wecoelije) | Shebayo | The language of the South America aborigines (Trinidad), Arawakan language family | | veyu; sis | Chaima | (a.k.a. Cumanogota, Cumanagota, Cumana, Kumana, Chayma) The language of native americans at eastern seashore of Venezuela. Caribbean language family | | vishu | Japreria | The language of native americans in Venezuela, Caribbean language family | | vicho | Yukpa | The language of native americans in Northwestern Venezuela, Caribbean language family, Northern Cariban | | wyi | Atruahi | The language of native americans in Brazil (350 persons speaking), Caribbean language family | | wei | Akurio | The language of native americans in Suriname, Caribbean language family | | wei | Ingariko | The language of 500 native americans in Brazil, Caribbean language family | | wei | Macushi | The language of native americans in Northern Brazil (Raraima state), Caribbean language family | | vai | Arecuna Pemon | The language of native americans in Guyana, Caribbean language family | | wei | Taurepan Pemon | The language of native americans in southeastern Venezuela, Caribbean language family | | wei | Tiriyo | The Tiriyo are located on both sides of the Brazil-Suriname border in Lowland South America. | | wei | Makushi | Northern Brazil (the Raraima state) | | w3i | Waimiri | The Uaimiris-Atroari or Waimiri-Atroari are an indigenous group inhabiting the southeastern part of the Brazilian state of Roraima | | bei/wey | Carijona/Umaua dialect | The language of native americans in Columbia, Caribbean language family | | be | Camaracoto | The language of 800 native americans in Venezuela and Brazil, Caribbean language family | | bE\* | Takelma | Takelma was the language spoken by the Latgawa and Takelma people and Cow Creek band of Upper Umpqua. Southwestern Oregon (USA) | | tsan (ca; eca) | Achuar-Shiwiar | a.k.a. Achuar, Jivaro, Maina; a Jivaroan language spoken along the Pastaza and Bobonaza rivers in Ecuador. | | zaari (sari) | Candoshi | Nothern Peru. | | Swa | Muniche (Munichi) | Muniche is an indigenous language of South America, spoken by only a few elders in Peru (in the village of Munichis, about 16 km west of Yurimaguas, Loreto Region). | | ses | Baure | The language of the South America aborigines, Arawakan language family | | eca (etsa) | Shuar | The people who speak the Shuar language live in Ecuador in tropical rainforest between the upper mountains of the Andes, the tropical rainforests and savannas of the Amazonian lowlands. | | eca | Jivaro Shuar | Ecuador | | etsa | Aguaruna | The language of native americans in Northern Peru, Jivaroan language family | | etsa; eca | Huambisa | The language of native americans in Peru, Jivaroan language family. South America. | | xixi | Apalai | The language of native americans, Caribbean language family (Brazilia) | | sisi | Wayana | The language of native americans, Caribbean language family, Northern Cariban. Spoken along the Border with French Guiana, South Eastern Region, Suriname. Also Spoken in French Guiana. | | xuxu (S3S3) | Bakairi | The language of native americans in Brazil, Caribbean language family | | sesi; esese; pici | Shikuyana | Sikiana (Shikiana), or Kashuyana (Kaxuiana?), is a Carib language that was spoken by 33 people in Brazil and 15 people in Suriname. | | esese | Kaxuyana | The language of native americans tribe at the Northern Brazil | | cici | Apingi | Apingi, a.k.a. Tocantins, is an extinct and poorly attested Cariban language in Brazil. | | hisi | Xapaitiiso (Piraha\*\*) | a language spoken by the Piraha — an indigenous people of Amazonas, Brazil. | | hisi | Piraha | Piraha (also spelled Piraha, Pirahan), or Mura-Piraha, is the indigenous language of the isolated Piraha of Amazonas, Brazil. | | titi | Arara do Para | The language of native americans in northern Brazil, Caribbean language family | | chichi | Ikpeng | The language of native americans in central region of Brazil, Caribbean language family | | chi | Maquiritari | The language of native americans in Venezuela, Caribbean language family | | guiti (xiti) | Kuikuro | The language of native americans in Central Brazil, Caribbean language family | | guii (gui) | Triqui | The language of native americans in the south of Mexico, Oto-Manguean language family | | tsizi | Yaruma | The language of native americans in Brazil, Caribbean language family | | witi | Matipuhy | The language of native americans in Central Brazil, Caribbean language family | | wisi | Kabre | Cabre (Cabere, Cavere) is an extinct Arawakan language of Colombia. | | uwahci•l | Natchez † | The language of native americans, Gulf language family. South Oregon and Northern California | | galhora | Oaxaca | The language of native americans in Mexico, Hokan language family | | galhora | Highland Chontal | Tequistlatecan; Tequistlatecan; Mexico. | | galhora | Oaxacan Chontal | The language of native americans in Mexico, Hokan language family | | galhora; naty | Chontal languages (various) | (Oaxaca, Mexico) — Tequistlatecan language (probably part of Hokan); San Matias dialect | | teat nut | Huave | Huave is a Mexican language of native americans not known to be related to any other living language. | | ora | Highland Tequistlatec | Southern Mexico | | mp~ae (mp~a\*) | Pame De Jiliapan 1767 | an indigenous language of Mexico | | mp~a\*7i\* | Pame De Paluca 1958 | an indigenous language of Mexico | | mp~a\*7a\* | Pame Meridional | an indigenous language of Mexico | | la: | Eastern Pomo | Hokan language family: Pomo group | | alla; ulla; 'as:a | Chimariko | The language of native americans, Hokan language family. USA, Northwestern California. | | pilant | Yuki | The language of native americans. Yukian; Wappo-Yukian; USA, Northern California | | da/la/da | Pomo | The language of native americans, Hokan language family, Central/Easter/Northern Pomo | | da | Central Pomo | Hokan language family: Pomo group | | hada | Kashaya | The language of native americans, Hokan language family; North America | | h'a'da | Southern Pomo | Hokan language family: Pomo group | | da; mc'ilda | Southeastern Pomo | Hokan language family: Pomo group (California, USA) | | d'a-ka | Northeastern Pomo | Hokan language family: Pomo group | | m'it'a: | Northern Pomo | Hokan language family: Pomo group | | bari; wari | Kashibo (Cashibo) | The language of native americans in Peru (central region), Pano-Tacanan language family. | | bari | Capanahua | The language of native americans in Peru, near the Brazil border, Pano-Tacanan language family. | | bari | Chacobo | The language of native americans in northern Bolivia, Pano-Tacanan language family. South America. | | bari(-s) | Shipibo-Konibo | Panoan; Panoan; South America. Shipibo-Konibo is the union of Indian tribes in the Amazon Jungle at the territiry of modern Peru. | | bari | Shipibo | The language of native americans in Peru, Pano-Tacanan language family | | bari | Katukina Pano | Waninawa, also known as Kamanawa and Panoan Katukina, is a Panoan language of Brazil. | | vari | Amahuaca | The language of native americans in the eastern Peru, near the Brazilien border; Pano-Tacanan language family | | vari | Marubo | The language of native americans in Brazil, near the Peru border. Pano-Tacanan language family | | vari | Pacahuara | The extinct language of native americans in Bolivia, Pano-Tacanan language family | | vari | Yawanawa | The language of native americans in Brazil, near the Peru border. Pano-Tacanan language family | | ari | Pauserna | Pauserna, or Guarasugwe, is a moribund Tupi-Guarani language of Bolivia. | | ar3 | Guarayu | Bolivia | | wari | Poyanawa | The language of native americans in Brazil, near Peru. Pano-Tacanan language family | | wari | Mastanahua | The language of native americans in eastern Peru, Pano-Tacanan language family | | wari | Atsahuaca | The language of native americans in Peru, Pano-Tacanan language family | | wari | Nocaman | an extinct Pano-Tacanan language of South America. Nocaman was once spoken in Brazil. | | wari | Kulina Pano | Western Brazil | | bari | Huariapano | Peru | | wari | Isconahua | Peru | | fari; Sund~i | Sharanahua | The language of native americans, Pano-Tacanan language family. Peru (on the border with Brazilia | | tuhati | Inapari | The language of the South America aborigines, Arawakan language family | | hadale | Inyeri | The language of the South America aborigines, Arawakan language family | | somanlu | Jumana | The language of the South America aborigines, Arawakan language family | | wese; badi | Mayoruna | The language of native americans at the Brazil-Peru border, Pano-Tacanan language family | | fari7 | Shanenawa | Shaninawa is a Panoan language of South America. | | varixi | Sensi | Sensi (Senti, Tenti, Mananahua) is an extinct Panoan language, spoken on the right bank of the Ucayali River, Peru. | | wali | Chitonahua | The language of native americans in Peru, Pano-Tacanan language family | | wachi (waCi) | Kaxarari | The language of native americans at the Western Brazil, Pano-Tacanan language family | | wapaC'a | Itonama | Itonama is a moribund language isolate spoken by the Itonama people in the Amazonian lowlands of north-eastern Bolivia. Only few people speak the language. | | badi | Cashinahua | The language of native americans, Pano-Tacanan language family. Peru | | badiadan CeNkekit | Matses | Northeastern Peru | | bada; be:de; budu | Xavante | an Amerindian language (Ge family) spoken by the Xavante people in about 170 villages within the territory of eastern Mato Grosso, in Brazil. | | badi | Karipuna | The language of the South America aborigines in Brazil (at the border witn Gayana), Arawakan language family | | badi | Kaxinawa | Peru | | idati | Tacana | The language of native americans in Northern Bolivia, Pano-Tacanan language family | | ijeti | Cavinena | The language of native americans in Northern Bolivia, Pano-Tacanan language family (Bolivia) | | icheti | Reyesano | The language of native americans in Bolivia, Pano-Tacanan language family | | exeti | Huarayo | The language of native americans in Peru, Pano-Tacanan language family | | zeti | Araona | The language of native americans in Northern Bolivia, Pano-Tacanan language family | | watu | Southern Sierra Miwok | Uti language family: Miwok group | | watu | Makasae | Makasae (also known as Makassai, Macassai, Ma'asae, Makasai) is a Papuan language spoken by about 70,000 people on the eastern part of East Timor, in the districts of Baucau and Viqueque, just to the west of Fataluku. | | watu | Makasae Baguia | a Papuan language spoken in the eastern part of Timor-Leste (East Timor) | | watu | S Sierra Miwok | California, USA | | hiema; hii; watu | Miwok | The language of native americans, Penutian language family. There are three dialects - Central Miwok, Coast Miwok, Southern Sierra Miwok | | iSmen; tank | Rumsen | the language was spoken by native americans tribe in modern Northern California (USA). | | hicmen | San Jose (???) | San Jose language may refer to: Tamyen language (California). | | icmen | San Francisco | USA | | icmen ??? | Santa Cruz | The Santa Cruz language (locally known as Natugu) is the main language spoken on the island of Santa Cruz, in the Solomon Islands. | | wati; hi7ema (hi'e:ma) | Central Sierra Miwok | USA, California | | hi; h'i: | Lake | The Lake Miwok language is a moribund (or possibly extinct) language of Northern California, traditionally spoken in an area adjacent to the Clear Lake. | | hi: | Plains Miwok | Uti language family: Miwok group | | hi (h'i:) | Bodega | Miwok (Bodega). Coast Miwok was one of the Miwok languages spoken in California, from San Francisco Bay to Bodega Bay. | | hiSmen; ismen | Mutsun | Costanoan; Penutian; California, USA | | hismen | Costanoan | (a.k.a. Ohlone) Costanoan; Penutian; USA, California. | | hi7ema (hi'e:ma) | Northern Sierra Miwok | a Miwok language spoken in California, in the upper Mokelumne and Calaveras valleys. | | hisemtuks | Nez Perce | The language of native americans, Penutian language family. USA, Idaho. | | pokom (pok'-o) | Maidu | The language of native americans, the western USA | | p'ok'-0 | Konkow | Maidu family: Maidu group (the western USA) | | ekdam pok'o (ekim pok'o) | NorthEast Maidu | one of the dialects of Maidu language of american tribe in the West of USA | | ok | Nisenan | Nisenan is a nearly extinct Maiduan language spoken by the Nisenan people of central California in the foothills of the Sierras, in the whole of the American, Bear and Yuba river drainages. | | okpaidu | Maidu Northwest Nakum | USA, to the North of Sacramento | | okpaidu | Nakum | the language of indian tribe at the West USA | | op; opoduh | Yokuts Tinlinneh | California, USA | | opodo, xapil, op | Yokuts | The language of native americans in California, Penutian language family, there are three dialects - Foothill Yokuts (Choinimni - in California), Northern Valley Yokuts (Chukchansi), Southern Valley Yokuts (Yawelmani) | | upananu | Andoa | The language of native americans in Northern Peru. | | pananu | Arabela | The language of native americans in Northern Peru. | | turinap | Colan | the Northern Peru | | natera | Yameo | Yameo is an extinct language from Peba-Yaguan language family that was formerly spoken in Peru. | | pahta | Cayapa | The language of native americans. Barbacoan; Northern Equador. | | cixa; chiga | Cofan | The language of native americans in Equador (on the border with Colombia) South America | | clon | Karankawa | The language of native americans. Karankawa is an extinct language of Texas (at the Mexican Bay seashore), not known to be related to any other living language. | | oshach; osadza | Keres | The language of native americans in the USA, Mexico state. | | chutata | Matlatzinca | The language of native americans in central Mexico | | Ch~utata (Cutata) | Matlatzinca San Francisco Oxtotilpan | Mexico | | t'untata; hya | Ocuiltec | Ocuiltec, a.k.a. Tlahuica and Atzingo Matlatzinca, is a moribund language closely related to Matlatzinca, an Oto-Manguean language of Central Mexico. | | 3\*s3\*g3 | Siona | The Siona language (otherwise known as Sioni, Pioje, Pioche-Sioni, Ganteyabain, Ganteya, Ceona, Zeona, Koka) is a Tucanoan language of Colombia and Ecuador. | | 3\*s3 | Koreguaye | Colombia | | 3\*s3 | Orejon | (Coto, Koto, Mai Ja, Orechon, Oregon, Orejon, Payagua, Tutapi) The language of native americans, spoken in the region of Putumayo river in Peru. | | abe 3\*b3\*b3\* | Siriano | Siriano is a Tucanoan language of Colombia, with a few speakers in Brazil. | | 3b3ag3 buihu | Barasana (Barasano) | Barasana is an aboriginal Amerindian language spoken by 1,890 people in Southern Colombia | | u\*ba\*ka\*yi\* | Macuna | Colombia (on the border with Brazil) | | awia; haraw3kak3 | Cubeo | Colombia | | mw~i5a | Nonuya | Nonuya (Nononota) is a nearly extinct language of Colombia and Peru. | | ci | Tecoatl de San Jeronimo | south-western Mexico | | S3; apas | Isthmus Mixe | (Lowland Mixe) Southern Mexico | | S3 | Totontepec | Totontepec Mixe, called North Highland Mixe, is a Mixe language spoken in Mexico, in the town of Totontepec Villa de Morelos, Oaxaca. | | S3 | North Highland Mixe | Mexico | | S3v | Ulterior Mixe C | The Southern Mexico | | S37on | Ayutla Mixe | Ayutla Mixe is a Mixe-Zoque language spoken in Southern Mexico, in the state of Oaxaca. | | S37an | South Highland Mixe | South Highland Mixe, spoken around Santa Maria Tlahuitoltepec (Southern Mexico) | | son'on (soo ?) | Chocho | The language of native americans, Oto-Manguean language family (Popolocan; Oto-Manguean; North America) | | So\*7 | Chocho Ocotlan | Mexico | | So\*7o\* | Chochotec | Mexico | | Siny~e | Camsa (Kamsa) | The language of native americans. Colombia, near the Equador border | | Cina | Pakaanova | The Pakaanova language (also Orowari, Wari, Pacaa Novo, Pacaas Novos, Pakaa Nova, Pakaasnovos) is the sole remaining vibrant language of the Chapacuran language family of the Brazilian-Bolivian border region of the Amazon. It has about 2,700 speakers, | | tinno | Movima | Northern Bolivia. | | cin | Chimane | Chimane (Tsimane) is a South American language (western Bolivia). | | uCenaki | Nambikwara | a Brazilian Indian tribe (near Bolivia border) | | uSi | Arutani | Arutani (Orotani, Urutani, also known as Awake, Auake, Aoaqui, Oewaku) is a nearly extinct language spoken by only 17 individuals in Roraima, Brazil and two others in the Karum River area of Bolivar State, Venezuela. | | si | Mixe de Jaltepec | The language of native americans in Mexico | | xii | Mixe de Coatlan | The language of native americans. Mixe is a Mize-Zoquean language, related to other languages like Zoque and Popoluca. | | xijw | Popoluca languages (various) | (Southern Veracruz, Mexico). Mixe-Zoquean language | | shivi | Oluta Popoluca | The language of native americans at the seashore of Mexican Bay. The Popoluca languages are Mixe-Zoquean languages, related to other languages like Mixe and Zoque. | | shujw | Sayula Popoluca | The language of native americans in Mexico. | | si:w | Mixe de Tlahuitoltepec | The language of native americans (Mixe-Zoque; Mixe-Zoque; southern Mexico) | | pre\*mSi; poremSi\*i | Yanam | Yanam, or Ninam, is a Yanomaman language spoken in Roraima, Brazil (800 speakers) and Southern Venezuela. | | hinii | Yagua | The language of native americans. Peba-Yaguan; Peba-Yaguan; South America (Peru) | | pi'i | Shawi | Cahuapanan family: Cahuapanan group (Northwestern Amazonia, Peru) | | pi7i (pi'ih) | Chayahuita | Nothern Peru. Chayahuita is an endangered Amazonian language spoken by thousands of native Chayahuita people in the Amazon basin of north-central. Spoken along the banks of the Paranapura, Cahuapanas, Sillay, and Shanusi rivers. It is also known as Chayawita, Shawi, Chawi, Tshaahui, Chayhuita, Chayabita, Cahuapana, Shayabit, Balsapuertino, Paranapura, and Cahuapa. | | puyni (puine) | Yuracare | Yuracare (also Yurakare, Yurakar, Yuracare, Yurucare, Yuracar, Yurakare, Yurujure, Yurujare) is an endangered language isolate of central Bolivia in Cochabamba and Beni departments. | | pe | Jemez | USA, the New Mexico state | | pi:tsk'um (pickum) | Alsea | The language of native americans in Oregon state (USA), Penutian language family | | pit'itcC'o7; qahla | Quileute | Quileute was the last Chimakuan language, spoken until the end of the 20th century by Quileute and Makah elders on the western coast of the Olympic peninsula south of Cape Flattery at La Push and the lower Hoh River in Washington State, United States. | | pesea | Northern Embera | Northwestern Colombia and southeastern Panama | | pisia | Epena Basurudo | Colombia | | pusat3 | Northern Paiute Bannock | Northern Paiute (Paviotso) is a Western Numic language formerly spoken in the western Great Basin from roughly the John Day River in Oregon south through the western third of Nevada, to the vicinity of Mammoth, California. | | pyan7 | Kalapuya | USA, Oregon state | | pa | Cuaiquer | Cuaiquer (a.k.a. Awa Pit, Awa-Cuaiquer). The Barbacoan language in western Colombia. | | puitchr | Coconuco | The language of native americans in western Columbia, Barbacoan language family | | pych | Guambiano | The language of native americans, Barbacoan language family | | pyx | Totoro | The language of native americans in western Colombia, Barbacoan language family, Northern Barbacoan | | pay (pae) | Kiowa | The language of native americans (Oklahoma state, USA). Kiowa is a Kiowa-Tanoan language, related to Pueblo languages like Tewa and Tiwa. | | cono; co; 'ptso (?) | Yuchi | The language of native americans. Yuchi; Yuchi; USA, Tennesi state | | apu | Entimbich | California, USA | | apiukuk | Puelche | The language of native americans in Argentina. Puelche is a Chonan language, related to other languages like Selknam and Tehuelche. | | py~uxuk; amaxa apyuxuk; maxa | Gununa Kune | Southern Argentina | | kren | Ona | The language of native americans in southern Chile (Tierra del Fuego island) | | kre373 | Ache | Ache, a.k.a. Guayaki, is a Guarani language of Paraguay. | | kenikenken | Tehuelche | The dying language of native americans in Southern Argentina. | | iake | Tikuna | Ticuna, or Tikuna, is a language spoken by approximately 50,000 people in Brazil, Peru, and Colombia. | | ela | Timucua | The language of native americans (Timucua; Timucua; North America) | | olу | Vilela | The language of native americans in Northeastern Argentina (near the Paraguay border) | | chichini | Totonac | Totonac is a language cluster of Mexico, spoken across a number of central Mexican states by the Totonac people. | | CiCini | Totonac Coyutla | central Mexican states, 120,000 people | | CiCini | Totonac Filomena Mata | central Mexican states | | CiCini | Totonac Highland | central Mexican states | | iCini7 | Totonac Misantla | central Mexican states | | CiCine | Totonac Olintla | central Mexican states | | CiCini | Totonac Ozelonacaxtla | central Mexican states | | CiCini | Totonac Tejeria | central Mexican states | | CiCini | Totonac Upper Nexaca | central Mexican states | | CiCini | Xicotepec Totonac | central Mexican states | | naenke | Waorani | The language of native americans. Waorani; Waorani; South America | | jitoma | Minica Witoto | The language of native americans in Colombia, near the Peru border | | jitoma | Murui Witoto | The language of native americans | | hidoma | Nipode Witoto | The language of native americans | | hitoma | Witoto | The language of native americans (Colombia) | | hitoma | Meneca | The language of native americans | | hitoma | Huitoto Mika | The language of native americans in Colombia, near the border with Peru. | | hitoma | Huitoto Minica | Colombia | | hitoma | Huitoto Murui | Colombia | | hidoma | Huitoto Nipode | Colombia | | enota | Urarina | The language of native americans in northern Peru, South America. | | nupa | Miranya | Andoquero (Miranya) is an extinct Witotoan language of Colombia. | | nupa | Mirana | in southern Colombia | | nu\*a | Ocaina | (Okaina) Peru, Colombia | | nihiba | Muinane | The language of native americans (Columbia). Muinane is a Witotoan language, related to other languages like Bora and Witoto. | | nuhba | Bora | The language of native americans at the border between Peru and Colombia | | nonamiha | Cahuarano | The language of native americans in the northern part of Peru. | | 'iyanauka | Zaparo | The language of native americans in Equador. Zaparo is a Zaparoan language, related to other languages like Cahuarano and Andoa. | | hin (hina) | Wappo | Wappo is an extinct language that was spoken by the Wappo tribe of native americans who lived in what is now known as the Alexander Valley north of San Francisco | | hama | Zoque de Francisco Leon | The language of native americans. Mixe-Zoque; Mixe-Zoque; North America | | hama | Soteapan Zoque | the language of american aborigens (Mexico) | | hama | Chiapas Zoque | The Southern Mexico | | hama | Maria Chimalapa | in the South of Mexico (Oaxsaca state) | | hama | Miguel Chimalapa | in southern Mexico | | hama | Ayapaneco | South Mexico, 10 speakers only | | ha:ma' | Ayapa Zoque | The language of native americans in Mexico | | ham | Texistepec Zoque | Texistepec Zoque, is a Mixe-Zoquean language of the Zoquean branch spoken by a hundred indigenous Popoluca people in and around the town of Texistepec in Southern Veracruz, Mexico. | | hama (jama) | Sierra Popoluca | The language of native americans | | jaam | Texistepec Popoluca | The language of native americans | | jama | Zoque de Copainala | The language of native americans. Mixe-Zoque; Mixe-Zoque; North America | | jama | Zoque de Rayon | The language of native americans | | jama | Chimalapa Zoque | The language of native americans | | ma | Sumu | (a.k.a. Sumo) The language of native americans. Sumu is a Misumalpan language, related to other languages like Miskito and Ulwa. | | ma | Ulwa | The language of native americans in Nicaragua and Honduras. Ulwa is a Misumalpan language, related to other languages like Miskitu and Sumu. | | ma | Pech | Pech or Paya is a Chibchan language spoken in Honduras. | | mai | Orejon | The language of native americans, Tucanoan language family | | mai | Secoya | The language of native americans, Tucanoan language family | | mayon | Maxakali | (Maxakali; Macro-Ge; South America) an Amerindian language (language of native americans) spoken by a few hundred speakers in Brazil (fourteen villages in the state of Minas Gerais). | | mayon | Pataxo | Pataxo (Patasho) is an extinct native language in Brazil formerly spoken by the Pataxo people of the Bahia region, and of Minas Gerais, Posto Paraguassu in Itabuna municipality. | | ph~isia; umada | Embera Chami | Colombia | | pesea; umada | Embera | (also known as Choco) Northwestern Colombia and southeastern Panama. | | 3madau | Catio | Colombia | | umata | Caramanta | Colombia | | umada; bisia | Embera Tado | Colombia | | umadau | Embera Darien | Colombia, on the border with Panama | | edau | Wounaan | The Wounaan language, a.k.a. Noanama and Woun Meu, is a Chocoan language, with some 10,000 speakers on the border between Panama and Colombia. | | mama; niuсwi | Kogui | Kogi (Cogui, Cagaba, Kagaba, Cagaba), is a Chibchan language in Northern Colombia. | | m3t | Kayapo | the language of the tribe in central region of Brazil | | m3ri | Suya | Suya is a Ge language in center part of Brazil | | mahi; marri (maji) | Culina (Kulina) | (also Kulнna, Kulyna, Culina, Curina, Corina, Korina, Culina-Madija, Madiha) Arauan; Arauan; Brazil and Peru. | | mahi | Kulina Araua | the North-Western Brazil | | mahi | Deni | Arauan; Arauan; the North-Western Brazil | | mahi | Madi | Madi a.k.a. Jamamadi (Yamamadi, Yamamandi, Yamadi) as the main dialect, other names are Kapana and Kanamanti (Canamanti). The Aravakan language which is used by 800 Jamamadi, Banawa and Jarawara people on the Amazonas state in Brazil. | | maka | Cayubaba | a.k.a. Cayuvava is a moribund language of Northern Bolivia | | motoka (moth~oka) | Yanomame | The Yanomami, also spelled Yanomamo or Yanomama, are a group of approximately 35,000 indigenous people who live in some 200-250 villages in the Amazon rainforest on the border between Venezuela and Brazil. | | toka | Purubora | The Purubora language of Brazil is one of the Tupian languages (at the Bolivian border) | | taha | Arikapu | Arikapu or Maxubi is an endangered Yabutian language. Loukotka (1968) lists Arikapu and Maxubi as separate languages. Arikapu is spoken on the Branco River south of the Tupari tribe. Maxubi is spoken on the Mequens River. In 1998, Arikapu was spoken by only six individuals in Rondonia, Brazil, at the headwaters of the Rio Branco. | | to\*ho\* | Yabuti (Jabuti) | The Yabutian or Jabutian languages are two similar moribund languages in East Brazil (Rondonia state). | | tVse | Proto-Jabuti | Macro-Je family: Yabuti group | | toxi | Maléku Jaíka (Meleku Jaika) | Costa Rica (Central America) | | toji | Maleku | The language of native americans in Kosta Rica, Chibchan language family, Votic Chibchan | | motok3 | Sanima | Sanima is a Yanomaman language spoken in Venezuela and Brazil. It is also known as Sanema, Sanuma, Tsanuma, Guaika, Samatari, Samatali, Xamatari and Chirichano. | | moth~ok | Shirishana | The Northern Brazilia | | mawaoka | Cawishana | The language of the South America aborigines, Arawakan language family | | mo'sojko | Chamicuro | The language of the South America aborigines, Arawakan language family | | mapihu; mapin | Chiapanec | Chiapanec is a presumably extinct indigenous Mexican language of the Oto-Manguean language family. | | mapiro | Itene | Itene is a Chapacuran language of Bolivia | | ya'ii | Jicarilla Apache | Athapaskan; Na-Dene; North America. The language of native americans | | ya | Warao | The language of native americans. Warao; Warao; South America | | ya\* | Bari Columbia (Colombian Bari) | Northern Colombia (near the Venezuelian border) | | ya'ai | Lipan | Lipan was an Eastern Southern Athabaskan language spoken by the Lipan Apache. Dead language. | | ya'ai | Western Apache language | The Western Apache language (Ndee biyati' is a self-name) is a Southern Athabaskan language spoken among the 14,000 Western Apaches living primarily in east central Arizona. | | ya7ai | Jicarilla | USA, the New Mexico state | | ya7a7a\* | Cuicatec | Mixtecan; Oto-Manguean; Southern Mexico | | ya7ai | San Carlos | W California, USA | | ya'ai | Western Apache | The language of native americans | | ya\*o\* | Popoloca San Juan Atzingo | Mexico | | yu | Sochiapan | Oto-Manguean language. The Southern Mexico. | | ye | Ojitlan | a major Chinantecan language of Mexico | | ye | Chinantec Ojitlan | The Southern Mexico | | yen | Tapachultec | Tapachultec was a Mixe language spoken in Chiapas, Mexico. | | ie | Chinantec Comaltepec | Mexico, the Oaxaco state | | yo | Colorado | The language of native americans, Barbacoan language family. South America, Ecuador | | yo | Cara | The language of native americans, Barbacoan language family. South America, Ecuador | | yo | Tsafiki | The language of native americans (Barbacoan; Barbacoan; South America, Ecuador) | | yoro | Sechura | The Sechura language, also known as Sek, is an extinct language spoken in the Piura Region of Peru, near the port of Sechura | | yeu; yew | Cacua | Cacua-Nukak; Cacua-Nukak; South America | | yew | Kakua | Colombia (on the border with Brazil) | | jw~a | Ica | Ica language, a Magdalenic Chibchan language related to Ijca spoken in Colombia (South America). | | jwi (dzhwi) | Ika (a.k.a. Arhuaco) | The language of 8000 native americans in western region of Colombia (in Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta region), Chibchan language family (Aruak; Chibchan; South America) | | yui (mamaduisa jui) | Damana (Guamaca) | The language of native americans, Chibchan language family (Aruak; Chibchan; Northern Colombia) | | kilay (kilye7); kile | Chorote | Matacoan; Matacoan; South America, Paraguay | | kekki | Shiwilu | Cahuapanan family: Cahuapanan group (South America, northern Peru) | | xometo | Cuiba | Guahiban; Guahiban; Colombia, near the Venezuela border | | huameto; ikotia | Guahibo | Spoken along the Colombia Border, Western Region, Venezuela. Also spoken in Colombia. Guahiban; Guahiban. | | xutum | Daw | Nadahup family: Nadahup group. The language in north-western area of Brazil. | | ekotia; huameto | Playero | Guahiban; Guahiban; Columbia, at the border with Venezuela (South America). | | xumkuLai | Nivacle | Nivacle is a Matacoan language spoken in Paraguay and Argentina. It is also known as Chulupi and Ashluslay | | es | Betoi (Betoy) | an endangered language in Colombia, South America. | | jelu, tekta | Allentiac | Extinct language in Argentina | | kaki | Andaki | Colombia (South America). | | taky~kw~e; sek | Paez | Colombia | | ila | Afo | native americans in USA (Ohio state). | | lam | Yamana | Yagan (originally Yahgan, but also now spelled Yaghan, Jagan, Iakan), a.k.a. Yamana and Hausi Kuta, is one of the indigenous languages of Tierra del Fuego, spoken by the Yagan people. It is regarded as a language isolate, although some linguists have attempted to relate it to Kawesqar and Chon. Yahgan was also spoken briefly on Keppel Island in the Falkland Islands at a missionary settlement. | | lan | Matagalpa | (a.k.a. Cacaopera) Nicaragua. | | papiiy (papaay) | Nadeb | Nadahup family: Nadahup group. The language in north-western area of Brazil. | | empaega; grahaolai; pae | Abipon | Abipon was a Guaicuruan language once spoken in Argentina and Paraguay | | ind~i | Inga Putumayo | Colombia, South America | | huimt matkoi pihin | Guayabero | Guahiban; Guahiban; Colombia (South America) | | uvE | Guato | Guato; Macro-Ge; almost extinct isolated language of Guato people living at the border between Bolivia and Brazilia | | iwta | Sabane | Rondonia and Mato Grosso states of western Brazil, between the Tenete Marques and Juruena rivers. | | feCa | Fulnio | Yate; Macro-Ge; Eastern Brazil | | tEpo | Krenak | Brazil, the Espirito Santa state | | tEpo | Botocudo | South American Indian people who lived in what is now the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. They spoke a language of the Macro-Ge group. | | ope | Puri | Puri is an extinct language of eastern Brazil. | | s3\* daCo ba\*ka\*riro | Wanano | Guanano (Wanano), or Piratapuyo, is a Tucanoan language spoken in the Northwest part of Amazonas in Brazil and in Vaupes in Colombia. | | 3\*b3\*riko ba\*k3\* bu\*i\*pu\* | Bara | Colombia, Vaupes province | | b3rekoba\*k3\* bu\*i\*pu\* | Yuruti | Yuruti, or Wajiara, is a Tucanoan language of Colombia, with a few speakers in Brazil. | | abe 3\*b3\* ba\*ha\*g3\* | Desano | Tucanoan; Tucanoan; Colombia (at the Brazil border) | | as3\* deko kh~3\*do\* | Piratapuyo | Guanano (Wanano), or Piratapuyo, is a Tucanoan language spoken in the Northwest part of Amazonas in Brazil and in Vaupes in Colombia. | | bu\*hi\*pu\* 3\*b3\*ko kh~3\* | Tucano | Tucano, also Tukano or Tucana, is a Tucanoan language spoken in Amazonas, Brazil and Colombia. | | asw~alqseles | Qawasqar | Alacalufan; Alacalufan; Southern Chile (South America) | | akh~o\*re\* hi\*ru\* | Epena Saija | Colombia | | ank~ro; p3t | Gavião do Para | Monde; Tupian; South America north-eastern Brazil | | p3drin | Kreye | the North-Eastern Brazil | | ank~ro | Pykobje | Brazil | | amkro | Kraho | Brazil | | anakup | Mawe | The Mawe language of Brazil, also known as Satare (Mabue, Maragua, Andira, Arapium), is one of the Tupian languages. | | anakup | Satere Mawe | The Mawe, also known as the Satere or Satere-Mawe, are an indigenous people of Brazil living in the state of Amazonas. | | tawab | Uruku | Alternate names: Arara-Karo, Arara, Arara de Rondonia, Arara do Jiparana, Itanga, Itogapuk, Itogapuc, Karo, Ntogapid, Ntogapig, Ramarama, Uruku (Central Brazil) | | gar | Gaviao Do Rondonia | in the western Brazil | | Ngad | Monde | Monde, or Salamai, is a possibly extinct Tupian language of the state of Rondonia, in the Amazon region of Brazil. | | NgeEt | Makurap | Makurap (Macurapi) is a Tupian language of Brazil (at the border with Bolivia). | | gok3p | Karitiana | Karitiana (Caritiana) is a Tupian language of the state of Rondonia, in the Amazon region of Brazil (by appr. 200 people). | | gede | Ayoreo | Zamucoan. Spoken in Paraguay (Alto Paraguay departments) and Bolivia (Santa Cruz department) | | dejC | Chamacoco | the language of the Chamacoco tribe in northern Paraguay | | ateLa | Trumai | Trumai is an endangered language isolate in Central Brazil. | | cadare | Xavante 2 | The Xavante language is a Ge language spoken by the Xavante people in about 170 villages in the area surrounding Eastern Mato Grosso, Brazil. | | bd3 | Xerente | The Xerente language (Sherente) is one of the Ge languages of Brazil. It is spoken by the Xerente people in the Tocantins region between Rio do Sono and Rio Tocantins. | | d3wa | Katawixi | in the western part of Brazil, the Amazonas state | | Sumek (Sumuk) | Millcayac | Argentina, near the Chile border | | musak; musapo | Cholona (Cholon) | Cholon is a recently extinct language of North Peru. | | LaN | Mochica | Peru | | ??? | Cara | Cara (Caranqui; Imbaya) is an extinct language once spoken in the province of Imbabura and on the Guayllabamba River, Ecuador. | | cha; ʃa | Huan ??? | The Eastern Huan dialect of the Amkoe language of Botswana ??? or Standard Chinese in Southeast Asia ??? | | nagesega ??? | Anejom, Aneityum, Aneiteum | Austronesian language of Vanuatu (on Aneityum Island, the southernmost island). 900 speakers. | | ocan, gurapando ??? | Calo (Kale) | Spanish Gypsy, unlike most other Romani languages (Southern Spane) | | at, taan ??? | Nelemwa-Nixumwak | (also Fwa-Goumak, Koumac, Kumak) Spoken on the main island of New Caledonia, in its North Province, | ###### (!) - means a paradox coincidence #### [the Creol languages list](sun_creol_eng.html) [notes, links](sun_notes_eng.html) ###### Last update: February 4, 2023 | | | | --- | --- | | To contribute to the list, please send us e-mail. | e-mail | [**return to the russian version**](sun.htm) #### [главная страничка сайта](../index.htm) [все номера и их содержание](../arch.htm) [все авторы и их произведения](../service/avt.htm) [содержание этого номера](../arch.htm#0043) (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1\*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(91206393, "init", { clickmap:true, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, ecommerce:"dataLayer" }); ![](https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/91206393) $(document).ready(function(){ $("#back-top").hide(); $(function () { $(window).scroll(function () { if ($(this).scrollTop() > 300) { $('#back-top').fadeIn();} else { $('#back-top').fadeOut(); } }); $('#back-top a').click(function () { $('body,html').animate({ scrollTop: 0 }, 2800); return false; }); }); }); .cbl a { color: #999 }

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<HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>The magic wand</TITLE> <META NAME="AUTHOR" CONTENT="Joseph H. Peterson"> <META NAME="HISTORY" CONTENT="May 20, 2007 JHP. First version .... 2020-06-16 JHP: Fix link to Iamblichus. 2021-10-20 JHP: Add more examples of wand symbols from Clavicula manuscripts. "> <STYLE> p { margin-left: 10px; color: #000000;text-indent: 1cm;font-family: times } </STYLE> <LINK href="../style/avesta.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> </HEAD> <BODY> <div id="menu"> <ul> <li><a href="../index.html">Home</a></li> <li><a href="../sitemap.htm">Contents</a></li> <li><a href="../gifs/gifs.htm">Prev</a></li> <li>wands</li> <li><a href="../solomon/nameindx.htm">Next</a></li> <li><a href="../esotime.htm">timeline</a></li> </ul> </div> <DIV ALIGN=CENTER> <FONT SIZE=7 COLOR=blue>The magic wand</FONT> </DIV> <P> Copyright 2005 Joseph H. Peterson. Last updated Jun 28, 2023. <P> The use of the magic wand can be traced back to proto-Indo-European times, as shown by its appearance in both Zoroastrianism as well the early Hinduism. <P> <TABLE> <TR> <TD VALIGN=TOP> <H3><A HREF="http://www.avesta.org/ritual/barsom.htm">Zoroastrianism and the Magi</A></H3> <P> The magi of the ancient world were the priesthood of the <a href="http://www.avesta.org">Zoroastrian</a> religion. As Plato noted, <I>magic</I> (<I>mageia</I>) refers to "the Magian lore of Zoroaster" (<I>Alchibiades</I> 1.122). The baresman (Phl. <I>barsom</I>), or sacred bundle of twigs (or "slender wands"), is a ritual implement which has played an important part in Zoroastrian religious practices since prehistoric times. According to Kotwal and Boyd, the baresman is an "ancient Indo-Iranian emblem of seeking the Holy", and it "establishes a connecting link between this <I>getig</I> [material] world and the <I>menog</I> [spiritual] realm. The barsom is, as it were, the conduit through which the archetypal principles and powers manifest their presence and receive the offerings." (<EM>A Persian offering, 1991</EM>, p. 6, 10; words in square brackets are mine). It is also an instrument through which one acquires the sacred power (op. cit. p. 23). Perhaps then it is also a conduit for channeling the power outwards, and thus is a prototypical 'magic wand'. The baresman is traditionally made of tamarisk twigs, although in modern times metal rods have been substituted. <P> Dino, a contemporary of Philip refers to the use of the barsom for divination, which is also supported by the Denkard. (<A HREF="http://avesta.org/ritual/rcc4.htm#p280">Modi 1922, RCC, p. 280</A>.) <P> A stick with nine knots is used during the nine-nights' purification (barashnom). The knots are barriers against pollution and evil influences. (<A HREF="http://avesta.org/vendidad/vd9sbe.htm">Vd9.14</A>, compare <I>Key of Solomon</I> <A HREF="../solomon/ksol2.htm#chap4">Book 2, chapters 4, 5, and 13</A>.) <P> In Zoroastrianism we also find the mace used. This is now referred to as <I>gurz</I> (from Avestan <I>vazra</I>, Sanskrit <I>vajra</I>.) It is used as a spiritual weapon to drive off evil. </TD> <TD VALIGN=TOP> <IMG SRC="http://www.avesta.org/gifs/barsom.gif"> <BR><B>5th-4th century B.C. gold plaque showing a magus holding the baresman</B> </TD> </TR></TABLE> <H3>Egyptian, Greek, and Roman sources</H3> <P> The use of the <I>baresman</I> by the magi was well known to Greek writers and is mentioned by Strabo and Phoenix of Colophon (280 B.C.), cited in Athenaeus. The magic wand was also known among the ancient Greeks and Romans. <P> Like the Zoroasrian magi, the ancient Roman Flamines or fire-priests, also carried such bundles of twigs in their hands. (Modi RCC, 1922, p. 280). <P> Pliny and Apuleius both attest to their use. Homer (in the <I>Odyssey</I> 11.14ff) and Virgil both describe the archetypical sorceress, Circe, as using a magical wand. The relevant passage in Virgil was noted by Agrippa in his <I>Occult Philosophy</I> <A HREF="../agrippa/op1.htm#chap41">Book 1, chapter 41</A>. It is also cited by Eliphas Levi <I>Key of the Mysteries</I>, part 4, chap 1. <P> Betz' collection of Greek and Demotic magical papyri has examples of spells which include the use of a wand or staff. The spell PGM I.42-195, for example has the magician "hold a branch of myrtle ... shaking it, [and salute] the goddess." (Betz, p. 5.) Similarly PGM II.22, II.65 (Betz p. 13, 14.) <P> <H3>Iamblichus</H3> <P> Iamblichus (c. A.D. 250-325), one of the more important Neoplatonic philosophers, discussed magic in general in his <I>On the Mysteries</I>. In it he mentions the prophetess holding a staff or wand, invoking the divinity. (<I>Mysteries of the Egyptians</I>, chapter 7.) Agrippa also cites this passage in OP3.48. <P> <H3>The Grimoires</H3> <P> Early manuscripts of magic (grimoires) have many references to the use and importance of the wand in western magic. There are two similar ritual implements commonly described in magical literature: The staff (Latin <I>baculus</I> or <I>bacculus</I>; Italian bastone; French <I>Le baton, bâton</I>) and the wand (Latin <I>Virga</I> or <I>virgulam</I>; Ital. <I>verga</I>; German <I>Stäbchen</I>; French: <I>La verge</I>; In French manuscripts this is sometimes called <I>viere, baguette, baguette magique, baguete</I>, or <I>bagette</I>, also translated as rod).  The staff is more the size of a walking stick; the wand is smaller and tapered: <DIV ALIGN=CENTER> <H4>The staff and the wand from Ad. 10862 (the "Zecorbeni" manuscript), fol. 164v</H4> <IMG SRC="../solomon/a2_164v1.gif" WIDTH=33%><BR> <IMG SRC="../solomon/a2_164v2.gif" WIDTH=20%> </DIV> <P> According to the <A HREF="../solomon/ksol2.htm#chap8"><I>Key of Solomon</I> (Book 2 chapter 8)</A>: "The staff should be of elderwood or cane, and the wand of hazel, in all cases the wood being virgin, that is of one year's growth only. They should each be cut from the tree at a single stroke, on the day of Mercury (i.e. Wednesday), at sunrise. The characters shown should be written or engraved thereon in the day and hour of Mercury." (Mathers tr. revised by JHP) <DIV ALIGN=CENTER> <H4>The magical symbols for the staff and wand according to BnF Ital. 1524, fol 232v. (Dated 1446: This is the oldest-known manuscript of the <I>Key of Solomon</I>):</H4> <IMG SRC="../solomon/BnF_Ital_1524_232va.jpg" WIDTH=600> <H4>And from Coxe 25 p. 123 (late 15th century — earliest Latin ms of <I>Clavicula</I> known):</H4> <IMG SRC="../solomon/coxe25_p123c_wand_symbols.jpg" WIDTH=600> <H4>From Ghent HS 1021B fol. 39r (16th ce):</H4> <IMG SRC="../solomon/ghent_hs_1021b_p39r_wand_symbols.jpg" WIDTH=600> <H4>From VSG 334 p. 94 (ca 1550):</H4>  <IMG SRC="../solomon/vsg334_p094a.jpg" WIDTH=600> <H4>According to Oxford ms. Aubrey 24, fol. 17v (dated 1674):</H4> <IMG SRC="../solomon/au_17v.gif">  <H4>from London, British Library ms. Add. 10862, fol. 122v (17th ce)</H4> <IMG SRC="../solomon/a2_122v.gif" WIDTH=50%><BR> </DIV> <P> According to version F of the <I>Almandal</I> (cp <I>Almadel</I>), wands should be made of Anthyllis barba-jovis (Jove's beard) — an evergreen shrub native to the mediterranean region. They should be decorated with silk threads of appropriate color (green, white, red, or yellow). <P> According to the <I>Sworn Book of Honorius</I> (Chap CXXXII), the magician's wand or staff is made of laurel or hazel, likewise of one year's growth ("magister tenens baculum lauri vel coruli illius anni..."). More details are provided in chapter CXXXIX: <BLOCKQUOTE> "But the wand should have four sides. On one side should be written '<B>Adonay</B>'; on the second side '<B>Sabaoth</B>'; on the third, '<B>Hiskiros</B>' (ισχυρο&sigmaf;); on the fourth '<B>Emanuel</B>.' On the middle of the wand, make the pentagon figure of Solomon, and where the wand is held, a cross, and thus it will be prepared for sacred and wonderful works." (My translation, not in Royal ms). </BLOCKQUOTE> <P> This is collaborated and expanded on in the <I>Clavicula</I> manuscript from Gerald Gardner's library, which states: <BLOCKQUOTE> "the wand [lacuna of 6 em spaces, probably "hazel"] which should be at least eight or nine palms, whose end should be stripped on four sides. And those same four names of God should be written there, namely on the first side, <B>Adonay</B>; on the second, <B>Sabaioth</B>; on the third <B>Ieschyruses</B>; on the fourth, <B>Emmanuel</B>. In the middle, make this sign of mine, namely, the sigil. On the other end, where the hand holds it, make a cross." </BLOCKQUOTE> <P> Very similar is the <I>sceptrum</I> (scepter) in manuscripts of the Pseudo-Bacon (Roger) treatise <I>Thesaurus spirituum</I>, which instructs that it should be of bay (laurel) wood, "neere as bigg as your arme at the hand and it must be just a cubit longe, and the barke taken off it." (Wellcome 110, fol. 8r). <P> <I>Abognazar</I> specifies two types of <I>bâton</I> are needed for magical operations: one for operations of Venus (made of elder), and another for all other operations calling for a bâton. <DIV ALIGN=CENTER> <H4>Bâton pour toutes les Opérations.</H4> <IMG SRC="../gifs/f23g.gif"> <H4>Bâton pour les Opérations de Venus.</H4> <IMG SRC="../gifs/f23h.gif"> </DIV> <P> In <I><A HREF="../solomon/ksol3.htm">Clavicules du Roi Salomon par Armadel, Livre III</A></I> (Lansdowne MS. 1202), the "key to the work" is a triangular wand made of hazel. <DIV ALIGN=CENTER><IMG SRC="../gifs/l2_111b.gif" WIDTH=500></DIV> <P> <I>The Lesser Key of Solomon</I> (Book 1: Goetia) recommends holding a hazel stick in the hand during the operation of Bileth, for upholding one's courage. This is based on Weyer "baculum corili" (hazel staff). The passage in Reginald Scot translates <I>baculum</I> as "bat", but it could mean rod, staff, or stick. <P> In <I>Le Grand Grimoire</I> the main ritual implement is called <I>la baguette mystérieuse, ou la Verge Foudroyante</I> (the mysterious wand, or blasting rod) "which causes the spirits to tremble; which God also used to arm his angel when Adam and Eve were driven out of the earthly paradise; wherewith, finally, he smote the rebellious angels, precipitating their ambitions into the most appalling gulfs by the power of this very rod -- of this rod which collects the clouds, disperses tempests, averts lightning, or precipitates each and all upon any portion of the earth at the pleasure of its director." (tr. Waite, <I>Book of Ceremonial Magic</I>.) It is made of "wild hazel which has never borne fruit; its length should be nineteen and a half inches" with a forked end and magnetized steel caps on the pointed ends. <P> <DIV ALIGN=CENTER> <IMG SRC="../gifs/gg_1.gif"> </DIV> <P> According to Franz Bardon (1909-1958), one of the most important occultists and magicians of the twentieth century, "the most important aid in ritual magic is, and always will be, the magic wand." <P> Grillot de Givry (<I>Witchcraft, Magic, and Alchemy</I>, p. 308) shows a magical operation which features a "wand of poplar-wood, 'half without bark'." <P> <H3>Summary of woods used for magical wands</H3> <P> <DIV ALIGN=CENTER> <TABLE BORDER=1> <TR><TD>Acacia</TD> <TD VALIGN=TOP> According to Franz Bardon, "the wood of an oak or an acacia, too, is an excellent material for making a magic wand." </TD> </TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Almond</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>The wand specified in the <A HREF="../abramelin/abramelin.htm"><I>Book of the Sacred Magic of Abramelin the Mage</I></A> should be made of almond, as thick as the little finger, and an Ell in length ("Auch solltu haben ein raines gerades stäblin, ungefahrlich eines kleinen Fingers dick, und einer Elen lang, von einem Mandelbaum geschnitten"). (Ell = elbow to fingertips.) This is probably in imitation of the biblical Staff of Aaron (cf. Num. 17:20-23). <P> According to Agrippa (OP1.26), almond and other woods of nut trees are associated with the planet Jupiter. Levi recommends the magic wand be made of almond or hazel. </TD></TR> <TR><TD>Anthyllis barba-jovis (Jove's beard) </TD><TD>According to version F of the Solomonic magic text <I>Almandal</I>. The wands should be wrapped with silk thread of appropriate color.</TD> </TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Apple</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP> Sacred to Jupiter (Agrippa, OP1.26). The druidic wizard Mannanàn Mac Lir carried a wand of apple ( Peter Berresford Ellis, <I>A Brief History of the Druids</I>, New York, Carroll & Graf, 2002, p. 249.).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Ash</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Sacred to Jupiter (Agrippa, OP1.26). According to Franz Bardon, a magic wand made of ash is especially to be used in healing people. Yates recounts details of an Irish "fairy doctor" -- one whose mystical power is received from fairies -- who observed many traditional practices, including carrying a wand of ash during prayer. </TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Bay</TD> <TD VALIGN=TOP>(See laurel.) </TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Beech</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Sacred to Jupiter (per Agrippa, OP1.26).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Box</TD> <TD VALIGN=TOP>According to the <I>Key of Solomon</I> box and oak have "some quality referring especially unto the spirits" of Jupiter. According to Agrippa (<A HREF="../agrippa/op2.htm#chap14">OP2.14</A>) and the <I>Magical Calendar</I>, this is a sacred tree associated with the zodiacal sign of Libra and the Orphic deity Vulcan. </TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Buckthorn</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Sacred tree associated with the Zodiacal sign of Aquarius (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Cane (L. <I>arundo donax</I>)</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>The staff of the magician may be made of cane according to the <I>Key of Solomon</I>.</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Cedar</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>According to the <I>Key of Solomon</I> cornel and cedar have "some quality referring especially unto the spirits" of Mars. </TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Chestnut</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Sacred tree associated with the Zodiacal sign of Leo (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Cornel</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP><I>See</I> dogwood. </TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Cypress</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Used to make a magic circle for the experiment of the Black Hen (Fr. poule noire, It. gallina nera) found in several grimoires.</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Dogwood (cornel)</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP> According to the <I>Key of Solomon</I> cornel (dogwood) and cedar have "some quality referring especially unto the spirits" of Mars. The Munich manual has a divination operation which uses a knife with a handle of dogwood (<I>de cornu nigro uel albo</I>). Sacred to Jupiter (Agrippa, OP1.26). Sacred tree associated with the Zodiacal sign of Scorpio (MC). </TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Ebony</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Ebony is named as the wood of Hermes in one ancient Greek spell (Faraone, p. 202.) This wood is specified by Trithemius in his treatise on invoking angels to appear in a crystal. The Egyptian king Nectanebus used a rod or wand of ebony along with magic formulae to animate models of his enemies and attack them. (Budge, 1930, p. 488; 1971, p. 92.) An Ebony wand is used in the Graeco-Egyptian spell PGM I.335 (Betz p. 12). </TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Elder or elderberry (L. <I>sambucus</I>)</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>The staff of the magician may be made of elder according to the <I>Key of Solomon</I>. <I>Grimorium Verum</I> specifies a wand of elder should be used in preparing the parchment, and is also used in preparing the pentacles and magic rings. According to the method of Abognazar a special staff of elder is used for operations of Venus only. According to Franz Bardon, "the wand made of elder-wood, proves, on account of its analogy to Saturn, especially efficient when calling up or evoking elemental spirits and demons." </TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Elm</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Sacred tree associated with the Zodiacal sign of Pisces (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Fig, White</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Sacred to Jupiter (Agrippa, OP1.26).</TD></TR> <TR><TD>Hazel</TD><TD>Multiple sources attest the use of Hazel for the magic wand, including the <I>Key of Solomon</I>, Weyer, Goetia, Grand Grimoire, and Levi. According to the <I>Sworn Book of Honorius</I> (Chap CXXXII), the magician's wand or staff is made of laurel or hazel. Per Agrippa, sacred to Mercury, and also to Jupiter (OP1.26 and OP1.29). According to MC this is a sacred tree associated with the zodiacal sign of Cancer. According to the <I>Key of Solomon</I> hazel has "some quality referring especially unto the spirits" of Mercury. <I>Grimorium Verum</I> specifies wands of hazel and elder should be used in preparing the parchment. The <I>Grand Grimoire</I> includes a divining method using a hazel rod or wand. According to Bardon, "hazelnut or willow are to be used for a wishing-wand. The wishing-wand is a modification of the magic wand." </TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Holly</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Holly is the whitest of all woods, and has been used in making piano keys. It was considered sacred by the druids, and played a part in the magic of the Greeks and Romans. It was especially suitable for divination. In early Europe, holly and other thorny plants were believed to repel all evil spirits. (Gale, p. 2.) The same apotropaic properties were noted by Pliny the Elder (23-79 CE). </TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Holm-oak</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP> Sacred to Jupiter (per Agrippa, OP1.26). A rod of this material is used in the operation of the magic garters, according to Abognazar.</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Horse chestnut</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP> Sacred to Jupiter, according to Agrippa (OP1.26).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Juniper</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>According to the <I>Key of Solomon</I> juniper and pine "some quality referring especially unto the spirits" of Saturn. </TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Laurel</TD> <TD VALIGN=TOP> According to the <I>Sworn Book of Honorius</I> (Chap CXXXII), the magician's wand or staff is made of laurel or hazel. Wands of laurel are found in multiple spells in the Magical Papyri. Called "Apollo's holy plant of presage" and "Phoibos' mistress" (Betz pp. 15, 110, 112) A sprig of laurel held in the right hand is said to be a protective charm (PGM I, Betz <I>op. cit.</I> p. 10). Also used in Graeco-Egyptian spells PGM I.335, II.6, II.22 (Betz p. 12, 13). According to the <I>Key of Solomon</I> laurel has "some quality referring especially unto the spirits" of the Sun. According to MC this is a sacred tree associated with the zodiacal sign of Gemini. On magical uses of laurel see also L. Deubner, <I>Kleine Schriften zur Klassischen Altertumskunde</I> (Königstein: Hain, 1982, p. 401-2.) According to Porphyry (<I>On Images</I>, fragment 8), laurel "is full of fire, and therefore hated by daemons." <P> According to Pseudo-Bacon, the magical scepter must be made of a bay (laurel) tree. (Ad. 36674, fol. 73r; Sloane 3850, fol. 98v; Wellcome 110, fol. 8r.) </TD></TR>  <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Myrtle</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>According to the <I>Key of Solomon</I> myrtle has "some quality referring especially unto the spirits" of Venus. Marvin Meyer's book <I>Ancient Christian Magic</I> includes a spell which involves a branch of myrtle held in the right hand (p. 272). The use of a Myrtle branch is also found in the Graeco-Egyptian spell mentioned above (Betz, p. 5.) According to MC this is a sacred tree associated with the zodiacal sign of Taurus. </TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>"Nut tree"</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP> Mathers, in his <I>Key of Solomon</I> mistakenly translated the French "Coudrier ou Noisettier" as "hazel or nut tree", whereas both are words for the hazel tree (Latin <I>avellana/abellana</I>). <P> According to Agrippa (OP1.26), almond and other woods of nut trees are associated with the planet Jupiter. </TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Oak</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP> Sacred to Jupiter, according to Agrippa. According to the <I>Key of Solomon</I> box and oak have "some quality referring especially unto the spirits" of Jupiter. According to Franz Bardon, "the wood of an oak or an acacia, too, is an excellent material for making a magic wand." </TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Oleum</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Sacred tree associated with Jupiter, according to Agrippa, OP1.26.</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Olive</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Sacred to the Moon and Jupiter (Agrippa, OP1.24, OP1.26). Sacred tree associated with the Zodiacal sign of Aries (MC). Wands of olive are also found in the <I>Greek Magical Papyri</I> (<I>e.g.</I> Betz, p. 109.) According to Butler (p. 145) Casanova (1725-1798) used a magic wand made of olive wood, approximately 18 inches long. </TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Palm</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP> A twig of palm is held in the right hand during a ritual described in the <I>Sixth and Seventh Books of Moses</I> (T2). Sacred tree associated with the Zodiacal sign of Sagittarius (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Pear</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Sacred to Jupiter (Agrippa, OP1.26). Sacred tree associated with the Zodiacal sign of Virgo (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Pine</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>According to the <I>Key of Solomon</I> juniper and pine "some quality referring especially unto the spirits" of Saturn. According to MC this is a sacred tree associated with the zodiacal sign of Capricorn. </TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Plum</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Sacred to Jupiter (Agrippa, OP1.26).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Pomegranate</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>This wood is also mentioned as acceptable for the <I>baresman</I> in Zoroastrian ritual.</TD></TR> <TR><TD>Poplar</TD><TD> Tree sacred to Jupiter, according to Agrippa. Grillot de Givry (<I>Witchcraft, Magic & Alchemy</I>, p. 308) shows a magical operation which features a "wand of poplar-wood, 'half without bark'." </TD></TR> <TR><TD>Quince</TD><TD>This wood is specified for the staff of the magician according to <A HREF="../solomon/clav1868.htm"><I>La Vera Clavicola del Re Salomone</I></A>.</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Rosewood</TD> <TD>Mathers included rosewood in his translation of the <I>Key of Solomon</I>, however this was a mistranslation of the French word "roseau" (another word for cane or reed).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Service tree</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Sacred to Jupiter (per Agrippa, OP1.26).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Tamarisk</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Zoroastrian magi</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Walnut</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>The wand of the magician may be made of any nut wood according to the <I>Key of Solomon</I></TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Willow</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>According to the <I>Key of Solomon</I> willow has "some quality referring especially unto the spirits" of the Moon. According to Bardon, "hazelnut or willow are to be used for a wishing-wand. The wishing-wand is a modification of the magic wand.... In making magic wands willow twigs may also be used for any type, for the willow is a very good fluid condenser." Giordano Bruno's third image of Venus carries a willow wand (<I>De Imaginum Compositione</I> (1591) Book 2, ch 13. </TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Wormwood</TD> <TD VALIGN=TOP>Used in Graeco-Egyptian spell PGM III.704 (Betz p. 36).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP><A HREF="wand_yew.jpg">Yew</A></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Traditionally considered a sacred tree among the Irish, the yew deeply rooted in Irish folklore. It has long been known to have toxic properties.</TD></TR> </TABLE> </DIV> <H3>The length</H3> <P> Beringarius Ganellus, in <I>Summa Sacre Magice</I> (L.3.f.25) states that the wand should be "the length of the masters arm, extended." <P> According to the <I>Clavicula</I> manuscript from Gerald Gardner's library, the wand should be at least eight or nine palms in length. <P> According to Pierre Mora's edition of <I>Les Véritables Clavicules de Salomon</I>, the wand should be one and a half feet in length, and an inch thick. This accords well with Franz Bardon's statements that it should be between 3/8 and 3/4 inches in diameter, and about 12-20 inches long. <P> The <I>Avesta</I> mentions the greatest length of the <I>baresman</I> twigs is the height of a knee, though ancient art shows it approximately the length of the arm (see above). Modern <I>barsoms</I> are much shorter, as short as nine inches. <P> According to Abramelin, the wand (of almond wood) should be about a finger's width in thickness, and the length of your arm, measured from elbow to finger tip. <P> According to Ad. 36674, fol. 73r it should be in thickness "neere as big as your arm at the hand, and it must be just a cubit long, and the barke taken away, and remain white without painting." <P> The <I>Grand Grimoire</I> specifies a length of nineteen and an half inches. <P> Joseph Anton Herpentil, in his <I>Epitome of supernatural magic, That is R. P. S. F.</I> (1519) specifies the wand (or rod) should be 4 spans long. <P> <H3>Additional materials added to the wand</H3> <P> The literature includes some examples of adding materials to the wand to enhance certain characteristics. Here are some of the more commonly ascribed magical attributes of materials. <P> <TABLE BORDER=1> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Aetites</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Stone associated with Venus (Agrippa, OP1.28).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Amber</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Associated with Venus (Agrippa, OP1.28).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Amethyst</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Stone associated with Scorpio (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Beryl</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Stone associated with Libra (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Birthwort</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Sacred plant associated with the Zodiacal sign of Pisces (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Calamint</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Sacred plant associated with the Zodiacal sign of Virgo (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Carbuncle</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Stone associated with the Sun (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Carnelian</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Stone sacred to Venus (Agrippa, OP1.28).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Chalcedony</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Stone associated with the zodiacal sign Cancer (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Chrisophrase</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Stone associated with Capricorn (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Cock</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Bird associated with Gemini (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Comfrey</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Sacred plant associated with the Zodiacal sign of Cancer (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Copper</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Metal associated with Venus (MC). According to Pseudo-Bacon, the magical scepter must have affixed to the end a lamin of copper with certain symbols on it. </TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Coral</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Associated with Venus (Agrippa, OP1.28).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Crow</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Sacred bird associated with the zodiacal sign of Sagittarius (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Crystal</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Stone associated with Mercury and with Aquarius(MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Cyclamen</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Sacred plant associated with the Zodiacal sign of Leo (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Date palm</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>used to bind the tamarisk wands of the magi.</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Dock</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Sacred plant associated with the Zodiacal sign of Capricorn (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Dove</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Bird associated with Venus and with Taurus (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Dragonwort</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Sacred plant associated with the Zodiacal sign of Aquarius (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Eagle</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Bird associated with Jupiter and Leo (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Emerald</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Stone associated with Venus and Virgo (Agippa, OP1.28, MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Garlic</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Sacred plant associated with the Zodiacal sign of Libra (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Gold</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Metal associated with the Sun (MC). </TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Goose</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Sacred bird associated with the zodiacal sign of Libra (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Granite</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Stone associated with Saturn (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Heliotrope</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Herb associated with the Sun (MC)</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Heron</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Sacred bird associated with the zodiacal sign of Capricorn (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Ibis</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Sacred bird associated with the zodiacal sign of Cancer (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Iron</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Metal associated with Mars (MC). Levi recommends a core of magnetized iron.</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Jacinth</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Stone associated with Sagittarius (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Jasper</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Stone associated with Venus (Agrippa, OP1.28), or Leo (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Jove's Beard</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(Silver-leaved Woodblade plant) Herb associated with Jupiter (MC). </TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Lapis Lazuli</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Stone associated with Venus (Agrippa OP1.28).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Lapwing</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Bird associated with Saturn (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Lead</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Metal associated with Saturn (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Maidenhair</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Herb associated with Venus (MC)</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Metal</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Grand Grimoire recommends metal caps.</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Monkshood</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Herb associated with Mars</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Owl</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Bird associated with the Moon and with Aries (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Peacock</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Sacred bird associated with the zodiacal sign of Aquarius (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Pimpernel</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Sacred plant associated with the Zodiacal sign of Sagittarius (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Ruby</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Stone associated with Mars (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Sage</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Sacred plant associated with the Zodiacal sign of Aries (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Sapphire</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Stone associated with Venus (Agrippa, OP1.28), also with the Moon and with Pisces(MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Sard</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Stone associated with Taurus (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Sardonyx</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Stone associated with Aries (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Selenotrope</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Herb associated with the Moon (MC)</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Sempervivum</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Herb associated with Saturn (MC)</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Silk threads</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Colored silk threads are to be added to wands per <I>Almandal</I>. ("If however you wish to labor with it during the day, you should replace the wax candles with <I>alma</I> (Ar. <I>eulum</I>), namely flags (or banners), or wrapped around with silk threads of four colors green, white, red, and yellow, over the wand <I>almahararam</I>, which we commonly call Jupiters Beard.") (My tr.) </TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Silver</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Metal associated with the Moon (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Sparrow</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Sacred bird associated with the zodiacal sign of Virgo (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>St. John's Wort</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Sibly specifies that this be bound to the top of the wand for use in necromantic operations. (p. 1106)</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Stork</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Bird associated with Mercury (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Swan</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Bird associated with the Sun and Pisces(MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Tin</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Metal associated with Jupiter (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Topaz</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Stone associated with Jupiter and with Gemini(MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Tuthia</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Gem stone associated with Jupiter (Agrippa).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Vervain (Bending)</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Sacred plant associated with the Zodiacal sign of Gemini (MC). Vervain was sacred and carried in religious processions according to several ancient writers (cf. Meyer & Smith, <I>Ancient Christian Magic</I>, p. 63.)</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Vervain (Upright)</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Sacred plant associated with the Zodiacal sign of Taurus (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Vulture</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Bird associated with Mars (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Woodpecker</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Sacred bird associated with the zodiacal sign of Scorpio (MC).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Wormwood</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Sacred plant associated with the Zodiacal sign of Scorpio (MC).</TD></TR> </TABLE> <H3>Other elements</H3> <TABLE> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Bark</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>Half of the wand is left covered with bark in the method cited by de Givry.</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Letters</TD> <TD VALIGN=TOP>Trithemius specifies that the wand should have certain Hebrew characters written in gold.</TR> <TR><TD ALIGN=TOP>Magical symbols</TD> <TD VALIGN=TOP><I>The Greek Magical Papyri</I> directs the magician to write the sacred or mystical names of gods or angels on the wand (for example see Betz p. 14). See <I>Key of Solomon</I> for magical symbols for the wand.</TD></TR> </TABLE> <P> <H3>How to use the magic wand</H3> <P> Most magic texts agree that the wand should be held in the right hand while praying, or while calling or addressing spirits. Christopher A. Faraone gives an ancient Greek spell wherein the divinity or spirit is invoked while holding a branch of laurel in the right hand, and an ebony staff in the left. When dismissing the spirits, the hands are switched. (Compare Meyer, p. 272.) This also has a parallel in PGM I.335 (Betz p. 12). In this use it is primarily used as a defensive weapon. It is used to strike the bowl in some divination methods. In Zoroastrian ritual the gaze and the ritual power ('amal) is focussed on the <I>barsom</I>. It is also held in the right hand. <HR> <H3>References</H3> <P> <TABLE> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Abognazar,</TD> <TD VALIGN=TOP><A HREF="../solomon/l1203.htm"><I>Les Véritables Clavicules de Salomon</I></A>, traduites de l'Hebreux en langue Latine par le Rabin Abognazar. London, British Library, Lansdowne Mss. 1203.</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Abramelin</TD> <TD VALIGN=TOP> Abraham of Worms, <A HREF="../abramelin/abramelin.htm"><I>The Sacred Magic of Abramelin the Mage</I></A>, edited by S. L. Mathers (London, J.M. Watkins, 1900.)</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Agrippa</TD> <TD VALIGN=TOP><A HREF="../agrippa/op1.htm"><I>Occult Philosophy</I></A> (London, Moule, 1651). </TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Bardon, Franz,</TD> <TD VALIGN=TOP><I> <a href="https://amzn.to/3CELd6B">Practice of Magical Evocation</a></I> (Merkur, 2001)</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Betz, Hans Dieter</TD> <TD VALIGN=TOP><I><a href="https://amzn.to/3JpZoA6">The Greek Magical Papyri in Translation, including the Demotic Spells</a></I>, Second Edition (Chicago, Univ of Chicago Press, 1992) </TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Budge,</TD> <TD VALIGN=TOP><I>Amulets and Talismans</I>, (New York, Macmillan, 1930, p. 488; EM, p. 92.)</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Budge,</TD> <TD VALIGN=TOP><I><a href="https://amzn.to/3JqIYI1">Egyptian Magic</a></I> (London, 1901/reprint New York, Dover, 1971, p. 92): ebony rod.</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Butler, E. M.,</TD> <TD VALIGN=TOP><I><a href="https://amzn.to/3PrmB91">Ritual Magic</a></I> (Cambridge, 1949, reprint Hollywood, Newcastle, 1971.) She cites (p. 122) Cellini's account of ritual magic (circa 1533) along the lines of the grimoires, including the use of a wand.</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Ellis, Peter Berresford</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP> <a href="https://amzn.to/3CEF76f"><I>A Brief History of the Druids</I></a> (New York, 2002)</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP> Faraone, Christopher A.,</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP><I> <a href="https://amzn.to/44tKilB">Magika Hiera: Ancient Greek Magic and Religion</a></I> (New York, Oxford, 1991, p. 177.)</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Gale, Fred,</TD> <TD VALIGN=TOP><I>Hollies: The Genus Ilex</I> (Portland, Timber Press, 1997)</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>De Givry, Emile Grillot</TD> <TD VALIGN=TOP> <I><a href="https://amzn.to/46hHucC">Witchcraft, Magic, and Alchemy</a></I> </TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Grand Grimoire</TD> <TD VALIGN=TOP><A HREF="../solomon/grand.htm"><I>Le Grand Grimoire</I></A> (Paris, B. RENAULT, 1845) </TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Grimorium Verum</TD> <TD VALIGN=TOP><A HREF="https://amzn.to/34AN0Y3"><I>Grimorium Verum</A> (Ed. Peterson, 2007) </TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Herpentil, Joseph Anton</TD> <TD VALIGN=TOP> <I>Inbegriff der übernatürlichen Magie</I> ("Epitome of supernatural magic") (1519) reprinted in J. Scheible, <I>Das Kloster</I>, Bd. 3, pp. 626-633. </TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Honorius, <I>Sworn Book of</I></TD> <TD VALIGN=TOP> <A HREF="https://amzn.to/301LWJh">Ed. Peterson, Lake Worth, Fl : Ibis Press, 2016</A>. </TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Iamblichus</TD> <TD VALIGN=TOP><A HREF="../oracle/iambl_th.htm"><I>On the Mysteries</I></A>, <A HREF="../oracle/iambl_t2.htm">part 2</A>, and <A HREF="../oracle/iambl_t3.htm">part 3</A>. </TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Key of Solomon</TD> <TD VALIGN=TOP>See Mathers. Also <A HREF="../solomon/ad36674.htm">ad36674.htm</A>. </TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP> Levi, Eliphas,</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP><I> <a href="https://amzn.to/3Xpyr5G">Transcendental Magic (Dogma et Rituel de la Haute Magie)</a></I>.</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP> Mathers, S. L.,</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP><I>The Key of Solomon the King</I>, <A HREF="../solomon/ksol2.htm#chap8">Book 2, chapter 8</A> and <I>passim</I>. (London, George Redway. 1889.)</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP> MC:</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP><I> <a href="https://amzn.to/3JoKk60">Magical Calendar</a></I>, ed. Adam McLean (Grand Rapids MI, Phanes, 1994).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP> Meyer, Marvin,</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP><I> <a href="https://amzn.to/3p6ccoI">Ancient Christian Magic</a></I> (1999).</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP> Modi, Jivanji Jamshedji.</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP> <I>The Religious Ceremonies and Customs of the Parsees</I>. Bombay: British Indian Press, 1922. </TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Mora, Pierre,</TD> <TD VALIGN=TOP><I>Les Véritables Clavicules de Salomon</I>, tr. par Pierre Mora, contenant un grand nombre de figures cabalistes, avec la manière de les faire suivant les principes de la science occulte des plus fameux nécromanciens qui ont vécu après Salomon, et où l'on trouvera les plus rares secrets. 153 pages. Paris, H. Daragon, 1914. </TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Peterson, J. (editor, translator),</TD> <TD VALIGN=TOP> <a href="https://amzn.to/34B2MCc"><I>Secrets of Solomon</I>: A Witch's Handbook from the trial records of the Venetian Inquisition (2018)</A>. </TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Peterson, J. (editor),</TD> <TD VALIGN=TOP> <a href="https://amzn.to/34CCJef"><I>Sixth and Seenth Books of Moses</I> (2008) </TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Scot, Reginald,</TD> <TD VALIGN=TOP><A HREF="../solomon/scot16.htm"><I>Discoverie of Witchcraft</I></A> (London, 1584)</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP> Sibly, Ebenezer,</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP><A HREF="../solomon/sibly4.htm"><I>A New and Complete Illustration of the Occult Sciences</I>, Book 4. (Bristol, 1704.)</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP> Sl. 3847:</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>London, British Library, <A HREF="../solomon/sl3847.htm">Sloane manuscript 3847.</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP> Trithemius</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(or pseudo-trithemius) his <I>treatise on invoking angels into a crystal</I> in F. Barrett, <A HREF="../tritheim/trchryst.htm"><I>The Magus</I>.</A></TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Véronèse, Julien,</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP> <A HREF="https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiMxoDK3OjgAhVERqwKHT-NAqUQFjAAegQIAxAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sismel.it%2Ftidetails.asp%3Fhdntiid%3D1270&usg=AOvVaw21X4EiAdXUSFRyPvKZAT_9"> <I>L'Almandal et l'Almadel latins au Moyen Âge</I>, Firenze, Sismel: 2012</A> </TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP>Waite, A.E.</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP><I> <a href="https://amzn.to/43OGyLb">Book of Ceremonial Magic</a></I></TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=TOP> Yates, William Butler,</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP><I> <a href="https://amzn.to/43QBHJs">Treasury of Irish Myth, Legend & Folklore</a> (New York, Gramercy Books, 1986, p. 147.) </TD></TR> </TABLE> <BR><BR> <div id="menu"> <ul> <li><a href="../index.html">Home</a></li> <li><a href="../sitemap.htm">Contents</a></li> <li><a href="../gifs/gifs.htm">Prev</a></li> <li>wands</li> <li><a href="../solomon/nameindx.htm">Next</a></li> <li><a href="../esotime.htm">timeline</a></li> </ul> </div> <BR><BR> </BODY> </HTML>

The magic wand p { margin-left: 10px; color: #000000;text-indent: 1cm;font-family: times } * [Home](../index.html) * [Contents](../sitemap.htm) * [Prev](../gifs/gifs.htm) * wands * [Next](../solomon/nameindx.htm) * [timeline](../esotime.htm) The magic wand Copyright 2005 Joseph H. Peterson. Last updated Jun 28, 2023. The use of the magic wand can be traced back to proto-Indo-European times, as shown by its appearance in both Zoroastrianism as well the early Hinduism. | | | | --- | --- | | [Zoroastrianism and the Magi](http://www.avesta.org/ritual/barsom.htm) The magi of the ancient world were the priesthood of the [Zoroastrian](http://www.avesta.org) religion. As Plato noted, *magic* (*mageia*) refers to "the Magian lore of Zoroaster" (*Alchibiades* 1.122). The baresman (Phl. *barsom*), or sacred bundle of twigs (or "slender wands"), is a ritual implement which has played an important part in Zoroastrian religious practices since prehistoric times. According to Kotwal and Boyd, the baresman is an "ancient Indo-Iranian emblem of seeking the Holy", and it "establishes a connecting link between this *getig* [material] world and the *menog* [spiritual] realm. The barsom is, as it were, the conduit through which the archetypal principles and powers manifest their presence and receive the offerings." (*A Persian offering, 1991*, p. 6, 10; words in square brackets are mine). It is also an instrument through which one acquires the sacred power (op. cit. p. 23). Perhaps then it is also a conduit for channeling the power outwards, and thus is a prototypical 'magic wand'. The baresman is traditionally made of tamarisk twigs, although in modern times metal rods have been substituted. Dino, a contemporary of Philip refers to the use of the barsom for divination, which is also supported by the Denkard. ([Modi 1922, RCC, p. 280](http://avesta.org/ritual/rcc4.htm#p280).) A stick with nine knots is used during the nine-nights' purification (barashnom). The knots are barriers against pollution and evil influences. ([Vd9.14](http://avesta.org/vendidad/vd9sbe.htm), compare *Key of Solomon* [Book 2, chapters 4, 5, and 13](../solomon/ksol2.htm#chap4).) In Zoroastrianism we also find the mace used. This is now referred to as *gurz* (from Avestan *vazra*, Sanskrit *vajra*.) It is used as a spiritual weapon to drive off evil. | **5th-4th century B.C. gold plaque showing a magus holding the baresman** | ### Egyptian, Greek, and Roman sources The use of the *baresman* by the magi was well known to Greek writers and is mentioned by Strabo and Phoenix of Colophon (280 B.C.), cited in Athenaeus. The magic wand was also known among the ancient Greeks and Romans. Like the Zoroasrian magi, the ancient Roman Flamines or fire-priests, also carried such bundles of twigs in their hands. (Modi RCC, 1922, p. 280). Pliny and Apuleius both attest to their use. Homer (in the *Odyssey* 11.14ff) and Virgil both describe the archetypical sorceress, Circe, as using a magical wand. The relevant passage in Virgil was noted by Agrippa in his *Occult Philosophy* [Book 1, chapter 41](../agrippa/op1.htm#chap41). It is also cited by Eliphas Levi *Key of the Mysteries*, part 4, chap 1. Betz' collection of Greek and Demotic magical papyri has examples of spells which include the use of a wand or staff. The spell PGM I.42-195, for example has the magician "hold a branch of myrtle ... shaking it, [and salute] the goddess." (Betz, p. 5.) Similarly PGM II.22, II.65 (Betz p. 13, 14.) ### Iamblichus Iamblichus (c. A.D. 250-325), one of the more important Neoplatonic philosophers, discussed magic in general in his *On the Mysteries*. In it he mentions the prophetess holding a staff or wand, invoking the divinity. (*Mysteries of the Egyptians*, chapter 7.) Agrippa also cites this passage in OP3.48. ### The Grimoires Early manuscripts of magic (grimoires) have many references to the use and importance of the wand in western magic. There are two similar ritual implements commonly described in magical literature: The staff (Latin *baculus* or *bacculus*; Italian bastone; French *Le baton, bâton*) and the wand (Latin *Virga* or *virgulam*; Ital. *verga*; German *Stäbchen*; French: *La verge*; In French manuscripts this is sometimes called *viere, baguette, baguette magique, baguete*, or *bagette*, also translated as rod). The staff is more the size of a walking stick; the wand is smaller and tapered: #### The staff and the wand from Ad. 10862 (the "Zecorbeni" manuscript), fol. 164v ![](../solomon/a2_164v1.gif) ![](../solomon/a2_164v2.gif) According to the [*Key of Solomon* (Book 2 chapter 8)](../solomon/ksol2.htm#chap8): "The staff should be of elderwood or cane, and the wand of hazel, in all cases the wood being virgin, that is of one year's growth only. They should each be cut from the tree at a single stroke, on the day of Mercury (i.e. Wednesday), at sunrise. The characters shown should be written or engraved thereon in the day and hour of Mercury." (Mathers tr. revised by JHP) #### The magical symbols for the staff and wand according to BnF Ital. 1524, fol 232v. (Dated 1446: This is the oldest-known manuscript of the *Key of Solomon*): ![](../solomon/BnF_Ital_1524_232va.jpg) #### And from Coxe 25 p. 123 (late 15th century — earliest Latin ms of *Clavicula* known): ![](../solomon/coxe25_p123c_wand_symbols.jpg) #### From Ghent HS 1021B fol. 39r (16th ce): ![](../solomon/ghent_hs_1021b_p39r_wand_symbols.jpg) #### From VSG 334 p. 94 (ca 1550): ![](../solomon/vsg334_p094a.jpg) #### According to Oxford ms. Aubrey 24, fol. 17v (dated 1674): ![](../solomon/au_17v.gif) #### from London, British Library ms. Add. 10862, fol. 122v (17th ce) ![](../solomon/a2_122v.gif) According to version F of the *Almandal* (cp *Almadel*), wands should be made of Anthyllis barba-jovis (Jove's beard) — an evergreen shrub native to the mediterranean region. They should be decorated with silk threads of appropriate color (green, white, red, or yellow). According to the *Sworn Book of Honorius* (Chap CXXXII), the magician's wand or staff is made of laurel or hazel, likewise of one year's growth ("magister tenens baculum lauri vel coruli illius anni..."). More details are provided in chapter CXXXIX: > > "But the wand should have four sides. On one side should be written '**Adonay**'; > on the second side '**Sabaoth**'; on the third, '**Hiskiros**' (ισχυρος); > on the fourth '**Emanuel**.' > On the middle of the wand, make the pentagon figure of Solomon, and where the wand is held, a cross, > and thus it will be prepared for sacred and wonderful works." (My translation, not in Royal ms). > This is collaborated and expanded on in the *Clavicula* manuscript from Gerald Gardner's library, which states: > > "the wand [lacuna of 6 em spaces, probably "hazel"] which should be at least eight > or nine palms, whose end should be stripped on four sides. > And those same four names of God should be written there, > namely on the first side, **Adonay**; on the second, **Sabaioth**; > on the third **Ieschyruses**; on the fourth, **Emmanuel**. > In the middle, make this sign of mine, namely, the sigil. > On the other end, where the hand holds it, make a cross." > Very similar is the *sceptrum* (scepter) in manuscripts of the Pseudo-Bacon (Roger) treatise *Thesaurus spirituum*, which instructs that it should be of bay (laurel) wood, "neere as bigg as your arme at the hand and it must be just a cubit longe, and the barke taken off it." (Wellcome 110, fol. 8r). *Abognazar* specifies two types of *bâton* are needed for magical operations: one for operations of Venus (made of elder), and another for all other operations calling for a bâton. #### Bâton pour toutes les Opérations. ![](../gifs/f23g.gif) #### Bâton pour les Opérations de Venus. ![](../gifs/f23h.gif) In *[Clavicules du Roi Salomon par Armadel, Livre III](../solomon/ksol3.htm)* (Lansdowne MS. 1202), the "key to the work" is a triangular wand made of hazel. ![](../gifs/l2_111b.gif) *The Lesser Key of Solomon* (Book 1: Goetia) recommends holding a hazel stick in the hand during the operation of Bileth, for upholding one's courage. This is based on Weyer "baculum corili" (hazel staff). The passage in Reginald Scot translates *baculum* as "bat", but it could mean rod, staff, or stick. In *Le Grand Grimoire* the main ritual implement is called *la baguette mystérieuse, ou la Verge Foudroyante* (the mysterious wand, or blasting rod) "which causes the spirits to tremble; which God also used to arm his angel when Adam and Eve were driven out of the earthly paradise; wherewith, finally, he smote the rebellious angels, precipitating their ambitions into the most appalling gulfs by the power of this very rod -- of this rod which collects the clouds, disperses tempests, averts lightning, or precipitates each and all upon any portion of the earth at the pleasure of its director." (tr. Waite, *Book of Ceremonial Magic*.) It is made of "wild hazel which has never borne fruit; its length should be nineteen and a half inches" with a forked end and magnetized steel caps on the pointed ends. ![](../gifs/gg_1.gif) According to Franz Bardon (1909-1958), one of the most important occultists and magicians of the twentieth century, "the most important aid in ritual magic is, and always will be, the magic wand." Grillot de Givry (*Witchcraft, Magic, and Alchemy*, p. 308) shows a magical operation which features a "wand of poplar-wood, 'half without bark'." ### Summary of woods used for magical wands | | | | --- | --- | | Acacia | According to Franz Bardon, "the wood of an oak or an acacia, too, is an excellent material for making a magic wand." | | Almond | The wand specified in the [*Book of the Sacred Magic of Abramelin the Mage*](../abramelin/abramelin.htm) should be made of almond, as thick as the little finger, and an Ell in length ("Auch solltu haben ein raines gerades stäblin, ungefahrlich eines kleinen Fingers dick, und einer Elen lang, von einem Mandelbaum geschnitten"). (Ell = elbow to fingertips.) This is probably in imitation of the biblical Staff of Aaron (cf. Num. 17:20-23). According to Agrippa (OP1.26), almond and other woods of nut trees are associated with the planet Jupiter. Levi recommends the magic wand be made of almond or hazel. | | Anthyllis barba-jovis (Jove's beard) | According to version F of the Solomonic magic text *Almandal*. The wands should be wrapped with silk thread of appropriate color. | | Apple | Sacred to Jupiter (Agrippa, OP1.26). The druidic wizard Mannanàn Mac Lir carried a wand of apple ( Peter Berresford Ellis, *A Brief History of the Druids*, New York, Carroll & Graf, 2002, p. 249.). | | Ash | Sacred to Jupiter (Agrippa, OP1.26). According to Franz Bardon, a magic wand made of ash is especially to be used in healing people. Yates recounts details of an Irish "fairy doctor" -- one whose mystical power is received from fairies -- who observed many traditional practices, including carrying a wand of ash during prayer. | | Bay | (See laurel.) | | Beech | Sacred to Jupiter (per Agrippa, OP1.26). | | Box | According to the *Key of Solomon* box and oak have "some quality referring especially unto the spirits" of Jupiter. According to Agrippa ([OP2.14](../agrippa/op2.htm#chap14)) and the *Magical Calendar*, this is a sacred tree associated with the zodiacal sign of Libra and the Orphic deity Vulcan. | | Buckthorn | Sacred tree associated with the Zodiacal sign of Aquarius (MC). | | Cane (L. *arundo donax*) | The staff of the magician may be made of cane according to the *Key of Solomon*. | | Cedar | According to the *Key of Solomon* cornel and cedar have "some quality referring especially unto the spirits" of Mars. | | Chestnut | Sacred tree associated with the Zodiacal sign of Leo (MC). | | Cornel | *See* dogwood. | | Cypress | Used to make a magic circle for the experiment of the Black Hen (Fr. poule noire, It. gallina nera) found in several grimoires. | | Dogwood (cornel) | According to the *Key of Solomon* cornel (dogwood) and cedar have "some quality referring especially unto the spirits" of Mars. The Munich manual has a divination operation which uses a knife with a handle of dogwood (*de cornu nigro uel albo*). Sacred to Jupiter (Agrippa, OP1.26). Sacred tree associated with the Zodiacal sign of Scorpio (MC). | | Ebony | Ebony is named as the wood of Hermes in one ancient Greek spell (Faraone, p. 202.) This wood is specified by Trithemius in his treatise on invoking angels to appear in a crystal. The Egyptian king Nectanebus used a rod or wand of ebony along with magic formulae to animate models of his enemies and attack them. (Budge, 1930, p. 488; 1971, p. 92.) An Ebony wand is used in the Graeco-Egyptian spell PGM I.335 (Betz p. 12). | | Elder or elderberry (L. *sambucus*) | The staff of the magician may be made of elder according to the *Key of Solomon*. *Grimorium Verum* specifies a wand of elder should be used in preparing the parchment, and is also used in preparing the pentacles and magic rings. According to the method of Abognazar a special staff of elder is used for operations of Venus only. According to Franz Bardon, "the wand made of elder-wood, proves, on account of its analogy to Saturn, especially efficient when calling up or evoking elemental spirits and demons." | | Elm | Sacred tree associated with the Zodiacal sign of Pisces (MC). | | Fig, White | Sacred to Jupiter (Agrippa, OP1.26). | | Hazel | Multiple sources attest the use of Hazel for the magic wand, including the *Key of Solomon*, Weyer, Goetia, Grand Grimoire, and Levi. According to the *Sworn Book of Honorius* (Chap CXXXII), the magician's wand or staff is made of laurel or hazel. Per Agrippa, sacred to Mercury, and also to Jupiter (OP1.26 and OP1.29). According to MC this is a sacred tree associated with the zodiacal sign of Cancer. According to the *Key of Solomon* hazel has "some quality referring especially unto the spirits" of Mercury. *Grimorium Verum* specifies wands of hazel and elder should be used in preparing the parchment. The *Grand Grimoire* includes a divining method using a hazel rod or wand. According to Bardon, "hazelnut or willow are to be used for a wishing-wand. The wishing-wand is a modification of the magic wand." | | Holly | Holly is the whitest of all woods, and has been used in making piano keys. It was considered sacred by the druids, and played a part in the magic of the Greeks and Romans. It was especially suitable for divination. In early Europe, holly and other thorny plants were believed to repel all evil spirits. (Gale, p. 2.) The same apotropaic properties were noted by Pliny the Elder (23-79 CE). | | Holm-oak | Sacred to Jupiter (per Agrippa, OP1.26). A rod of this material is used in the operation of the magic garters, according to Abognazar. | | Horse chestnut | Sacred to Jupiter, according to Agrippa (OP1.26). | | Juniper | According to the *Key of Solomon* juniper and pine "some quality referring especially unto the spirits" of Saturn. | | Laurel | According to the *Sworn Book of Honorius* (Chap CXXXII), the magician's wand or staff is made of laurel or hazel. Wands of laurel are found in multiple spells in the Magical Papyri. Called "Apollo's holy plant of presage" and "Phoibos' mistress" (Betz pp. 15, 110, 112) A sprig of laurel held in the right hand is said to be a protective charm (PGM I, Betz *op. cit.* p. 10). Also used in Graeco-Egyptian spells PGM I.335, II.6, II.22 (Betz p. 12, 13). According to the *Key of Solomon* laurel has "some quality referring especially unto the spirits" of the Sun. According to MC this is a sacred tree associated with the zodiacal sign of Gemini. On magical uses of laurel see also L. Deubner, *Kleine Schriften zur Klassischen Altertumskunde* (Königstein: Hain, 1982, p. 401-2.) According to Porphyry (*On Images*, fragment 8), laurel "is full of fire, and therefore hated by daemons." According to Pseudo-Bacon, the magical scepter must be made of a bay (laurel) tree. (Ad. 36674, fol. 73r; Sloane 3850, fol. 98v; Wellcome 110, fol. 8r.) | | Myrtle | According to the *Key of Solomon* myrtle has "some quality referring especially unto the spirits" of Venus. Marvin Meyer's book *Ancient Christian Magic* includes a spell which involves a branch of myrtle held in the right hand (p. 272). The use of a Myrtle branch is also found in the Graeco-Egyptian spell mentioned above (Betz, p. 5.) According to MC this is a sacred tree associated with the zodiacal sign of Taurus. | | "Nut tree" | Mathers, in his *Key of Solomon* mistakenly translated the French "Coudrier ou Noisettier" as "hazel or nut tree", whereas both are words for the hazel tree (Latin *avellana/abellana*). According to Agrippa (OP1.26), almond and other woods of nut trees are associated with the planet Jupiter. | | Oak | Sacred to Jupiter, according to Agrippa. According to the *Key of Solomon* box and oak have "some quality referring especially unto the spirits" of Jupiter. According to Franz Bardon, "the wood of an oak or an acacia, too, is an excellent material for making a magic wand." | | Oleum | Sacred tree associated with Jupiter, according to Agrippa, OP1.26. | | Olive | Sacred to the Moon and Jupiter (Agrippa, OP1.24, OP1.26). Sacred tree associated with the Zodiacal sign of Aries (MC). Wands of olive are also found in the *Greek Magical Papyri* (*e.g.* Betz, p. 109.) According to Butler (p. 145) Casanova (1725-1798) used a magic wand made of olive wood, approximately 18 inches long. | | Palm | A twig of palm is held in the right hand during a ritual described in the *Sixth and Seventh Books of Moses* (T2). Sacred tree associated with the Zodiacal sign of Sagittarius (MC). | | Pear | Sacred to Jupiter (Agrippa, OP1.26). Sacred tree associated with the Zodiacal sign of Virgo (MC). | | Pine | According to the *Key of Solomon* juniper and pine "some quality referring especially unto the spirits" of Saturn. According to MC this is a sacred tree associated with the zodiacal sign of Capricorn. | | Plum | Sacred to Jupiter (Agrippa, OP1.26). | | Pomegranate | This wood is also mentioned as acceptable for the *baresman* in Zoroastrian ritual. | | Poplar | Tree sacred to Jupiter, according to Agrippa. Grillot de Givry (*Witchcraft, Magic & Alchemy*, p. 308) shows a magical operation which features a "wand of poplar-wood, 'half without bark'." | | Quince | This wood is specified for the staff of the magician according to [*La Vera Clavicola del Re Salomone*](../solomon/clav1868.htm). | | Rosewood | Mathers included rosewood in his translation of the *Key of Solomon*, however this was a mistranslation of the French word "roseau" (another word for cane or reed). | | Service tree | Sacred to Jupiter (per Agrippa, OP1.26). | | Tamarisk | Zoroastrian magi | | Walnut | The wand of the magician may be made of any nut wood according to the *Key of Solomon* | | Willow | According to the *Key of Solomon* willow has "some quality referring especially unto the spirits" of the Moon. According to Bardon, "hazelnut or willow are to be used for a wishing-wand. The wishing-wand is a modification of the magic wand.... In making magic wands willow twigs may also be used for any type, for the willow is a very good fluid condenser." Giordano Bruno's third image of Venus carries a willow wand (*De Imaginum Compositione* (1591) Book 2, ch 13. | | Wormwood | Used in Graeco-Egyptian spell PGM III.704 (Betz p. 36). | | [Yew](wand_yew.jpg) | Traditionally considered a sacred tree among the Irish, the yew deeply rooted in Irish folklore. It has long been known to have toxic properties. | ### The length Beringarius Ganellus, in *Summa Sacre Magice* (L.3.f.25) states that the wand should be "the length of the masters arm, extended." According to the *Clavicula* manuscript from Gerald Gardner's library, the wand should be at least eight or nine palms in length. According to Pierre Mora's edition of *Les Véritables Clavicules de Salomon*, the wand should be one and a half feet in length, and an inch thick. This accords well with Franz Bardon's statements that it should be between 3/8 and 3/4 inches in diameter, and about 12-20 inches long. The *Avesta* mentions the greatest length of the *baresman* twigs is the height of a knee, though ancient art shows it approximately the length of the arm (see above). Modern *barsoms* are much shorter, as short as nine inches. According to Abramelin, the wand (of almond wood) should be about a finger's width in thickness, and the length of your arm, measured from elbow to finger tip. According to Ad. 36674, fol. 73r it should be in thickness "neere as big as your arm at the hand, and it must be just a cubit long, and the barke taken away, and remain white without painting." The *Grand Grimoire* specifies a length of nineteen and an half inches. Joseph Anton Herpentil, in his *Epitome of supernatural magic, That is R. P. S. F.* (1519) specifies the wand (or rod) should be 4 spans long. ### Additional materials added to the wand The literature includes some examples of adding materials to the wand to enhance certain characteristics. Here are some of the more commonly ascribed magical attributes of materials. | | | | --- | --- | | Aetites | Stone associated with Venus (Agrippa, OP1.28). | | Amber | Associated with Venus (Agrippa, OP1.28). | | Amethyst | Stone associated with Scorpio (MC). | | Beryl | Stone associated with Libra (MC). | | Birthwort | Sacred plant associated with the Zodiacal sign of Pisces (MC). | | Calamint | Sacred plant associated with the Zodiacal sign of Virgo (MC). | | Carbuncle | Stone associated with the Sun (MC). | | Carnelian | Stone sacred to Venus (Agrippa, OP1.28). | | Chalcedony | Stone associated with the zodiacal sign Cancer (MC). | | Chrisophrase | Stone associated with Capricorn (MC). | | Cock | Bird associated with Gemini (MC). | | Comfrey | Sacred plant associated with the Zodiacal sign of Cancer (MC). | | Copper | Metal associated with Venus (MC). According to Pseudo-Bacon, the magical scepter must have affixed to the end a lamin of copper with certain symbols on it. | | Coral | Associated with Venus (Agrippa, OP1.28). | | Crow | Sacred bird associated with the zodiacal sign of Sagittarius (MC). | | Crystal | Stone associated with Mercury and with Aquarius(MC). | | Cyclamen | Sacred plant associated with the Zodiacal sign of Leo (MC). | | Date palm | used to bind the tamarisk wands of the magi. | | Dock | Sacred plant associated with the Zodiacal sign of Capricorn (MC). | | Dove | Bird associated with Venus and with Taurus (MC). | | Dragonwort | Sacred plant associated with the Zodiacal sign of Aquarius (MC). | | Eagle | Bird associated with Jupiter and Leo (MC). | | Emerald | Stone associated with Venus and Virgo (Agippa, OP1.28, MC). | | Garlic | Sacred plant associated with the Zodiacal sign of Libra (MC). | | Gold | Metal associated with the Sun (MC). | | Goose | Sacred bird associated with the zodiacal sign of Libra (MC). | | Granite | Stone associated with Saturn (MC). | | Heliotrope | Herb associated with the Sun (MC) | | Heron | Sacred bird associated with the zodiacal sign of Capricorn (MC). | | Ibis | Sacred bird associated with the zodiacal sign of Cancer (MC). | | Iron | Metal associated with Mars (MC). Levi recommends a core of magnetized iron. | | Jacinth | Stone associated with Sagittarius (MC). | | Jasper | Stone associated with Venus (Agrippa, OP1.28), or Leo (MC). | | Jove's Beard | (Silver-leaved Woodblade plant) Herb associated with Jupiter (MC). | | Lapis Lazuli | Stone associated with Venus (Agrippa OP1.28). | | Lapwing | Bird associated with Saturn (MC). | | Lead | Metal associated with Saturn (MC). | | Maidenhair | Herb associated with Venus (MC) | | Metal | Grand Grimoire recommends metal caps. | | Monkshood | Herb associated with Mars | | Owl | Bird associated with the Moon and with Aries (MC). | | Peacock | Sacred bird associated with the zodiacal sign of Aquarius (MC). | | Pimpernel | Sacred plant associated with the Zodiacal sign of Sagittarius (MC). | | Ruby | Stone associated with Mars (MC). | | Sage | Sacred plant associated with the Zodiacal sign of Aries (MC). | | Sapphire | Stone associated with Venus (Agrippa, OP1.28), also with the Moon and with Pisces(MC). | | Sard | Stone associated with Taurus (MC). | | Sardonyx | Stone associated with Aries (MC). | | Selenotrope | Herb associated with the Moon (MC) | | Sempervivum | Herb associated with Saturn (MC) | | Silk threads | Colored silk threads are to be added to wands per *Almandal*. ("If however you wish to labor with it during the day, you should replace the wax candles with *alma* (Ar. *eulum*), namely flags (or banners), or wrapped around with silk threads of four colors green, white, red, and yellow, over the wand *almahararam*, which we commonly call Jupiters Beard.") (My tr.) | | Silver | Metal associated with the Moon (MC). | | Sparrow | Sacred bird associated with the zodiacal sign of Virgo (MC). | | St. John's Wort | Sibly specifies that this be bound to the top of the wand for use in necromantic operations. (p. 1106) | | Stork | Bird associated with Mercury (MC). | | Swan | Bird associated with the Sun and Pisces(MC). | | Tin | Metal associated with Jupiter (MC). | | Topaz | Stone associated with Jupiter and with Gemini(MC). | | Tuthia | Gem stone associated with Jupiter (Agrippa). | | Vervain (Bending) | Sacred plant associated with the Zodiacal sign of Gemini (MC). Vervain was sacred and carried in religious processions according to several ancient writers (cf. Meyer & Smith, *Ancient Christian Magic*, p. 63.) | | Vervain (Upright) | Sacred plant associated with the Zodiacal sign of Taurus (MC). | | Vulture | Bird associated with Mars (MC). | | Woodpecker | Sacred bird associated with the zodiacal sign of Scorpio (MC). | | Wormwood | Sacred plant associated with the Zodiacal sign of Scorpio (MC). | ### Other elements | | | | --- | --- | | Bark | Half of the wand is left covered with bark in the method cited by de Givry. | | Letters | Trithemius specifies that the wand should have certain Hebrew characters written in gold. | | Magical symbols | *The Greek Magical Papyri* directs the magician to write the sacred or mystical names of gods or angels on the wand (for example see Betz p. 14). See *Key of Solomon* for magical symbols for the wand. | ### How to use the magic wand Most magic texts agree that the wand should be held in the right hand while praying, or while calling or addressing spirits. Christopher A. Faraone gives an ancient Greek spell wherein the divinity or spirit is invoked while holding a branch of laurel in the right hand, and an ebony staff in the left. When dismissing the spirits, the hands are switched. (Compare Meyer, p. 272.) This also has a parallel in PGM I.335 (Betz p. 12). In this use it is primarily used as a defensive weapon. It is used to strike the bowl in some divination methods. In Zoroastrian ritual the gaze and the ritual power ('amal) is focussed on the *barsom*. It is also held in the right hand. --- ### References | | | | --- | --- | | Abognazar, | [*Les Véritables Clavicules de Salomon*](../solomon/l1203.htm), traduites de l'Hebreux en langue Latine par le Rabin Abognazar. London, British Library, Lansdowne Mss. 1203. | | Abramelin | Abraham of Worms, [*The Sacred Magic of Abramelin the Mage*](../abramelin/abramelin.htm), edited by S. L. Mathers (London, J.M. Watkins, 1900.) | | Agrippa | [*Occult Philosophy*](../agrippa/op1.htm) (London, Moule, 1651). | | Bardon, Franz, | *[Practice of Magical Evocation](https://amzn.to/3CELd6B)* (Merkur, 2001) | | Betz, Hans Dieter | *[The Greek Magical Papyri in Translation, including the Demotic Spells](https://amzn.to/3JpZoA6)*, Second Edition (Chicago, Univ of Chicago Press, 1992) | | Budge, | *Amulets and Talismans*, (New York, Macmillan, 1930, p. 488; EM, p. 92.) | | Budge, | *[Egyptian Magic](https://amzn.to/3JqIYI1)* (London, 1901/reprint New York, Dover, 1971, p. 92): ebony rod. | | Butler, E. M., | *[Ritual Magic](https://amzn.to/3PrmB91)* (Cambridge, 1949, reprint Hollywood, Newcastle, 1971.) She cites (p. 122) Cellini's account of ritual magic (circa 1533) along the lines of the grimoires, including the use of a wand. | | Ellis, Peter Berresford | [*A Brief History of the Druids*](https://amzn.to/3CEF76f) (New York, 2002) | | Faraone, Christopher A., | *[Magika Hiera: Ancient Greek Magic and Religion](https://amzn.to/44tKilB)* (New York, Oxford, 1991, p. 177.) | | Gale, Fred, | *Hollies: The Genus Ilex* (Portland, Timber Press, 1997) | | De Givry, Emile Grillot | *[Witchcraft, Magic, and Alchemy](https://amzn.to/46hHucC)* | | Grand Grimoire | [*Le Grand Grimoire*](../solomon/grand.htm) (Paris, B. RENAULT, 1845) | | Grimorium Verum | [*Grimorium Verum*](https://amzn.to/34AN0Y3) (Ed. Peterson, 2007) | | Herpentil, Joseph Anton | *Inbegriff der übernatürlichen Magie* ("Epitome of supernatural magic") (1519) reprinted in J. Scheible, *Das Kloster*, Bd. 3, pp. 626-633. | | Honorius, *Sworn Book of* | [Ed. Peterson, Lake Worth, Fl : Ibis Press, 2016](https://amzn.to/301LWJh). | | Iamblichus | [*On the Mysteries*](../oracle/iambl_th.htm), [part 2](../oracle/iambl_t2.htm), and [part 3](../oracle/iambl_t3.htm). | | Key of Solomon | See Mathers. Also [ad36674.htm](../solomon/ad36674.htm). | | Levi, Eliphas, | *[Transcendental Magic (Dogma et Rituel de la Haute Magie)](https://amzn.to/3Xpyr5G)*. | | Mathers, S. L., | *The Key of Solomon the King*, [Book 2, chapter 8](../solomon/ksol2.htm#chap8) and *passim*. (London, George Redway. 1889.) | | MC: | *[Magical Calendar](https://amzn.to/3JoKk60)*, ed. Adam McLean (Grand Rapids MI, Phanes, 1994). | | Meyer, Marvin, | *[Ancient Christian Magic](https://amzn.to/3p6ccoI)* (1999). | | Modi, Jivanji Jamshedji. | *The Religious Ceremonies and Customs of the Parsees*. Bombay: British Indian Press, 1922. | | Mora, Pierre, | *Les Véritables Clavicules de Salomon*, tr. par Pierre Mora, contenant un grand nombre de figures cabalistes, avec la manière de les faire suivant les principes de la science occulte des plus fameux nécromanciens qui ont vécu après Salomon, et où l'on trouvera les plus rares secrets. 153 pages. Paris, H. Daragon, 1914. | | Peterson, J. (editor, translator), | [*Secrets of Solomon*: A Witch's Handbook from the trial records of the Venetian Inquisition (2018)](https://amzn.to/34B2MCc). | | Peterson, J. (editor), | [*Sixth and Seenth Books of Moses* (2008)](https://amzn.to/34CCJef) | | Scot, Reginald, | [*Discoverie of Witchcraft*](../solomon/scot16.htm) (London, 1584) | | Sibly, Ebenezer, | [*A New and Complete Illustration of the Occult Sciences*, Book 4. (Bristol, 1704.)](../solomon/sibly4.htm) | | Sl. 3847: | London, British Library, [Sloane manuscript 3847.](../solomon/sl3847.htm) | | Trithemius | (or pseudo-trithemius) his *treatise on invoking angels into a crystal* in F. Barrett, [*The Magus*.](../tritheim/trchryst.htm) | | Véronèse, Julien, | [*L'Almandal et l'Almadel latins au Moyen Âge*, Firenze, Sismel: 2012](https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiMxoDK3OjgAhVERqwKHT-NAqUQFjAAegQIAxAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sismel.it%2Ftidetails.asp%3Fhdntiid%3D1270&usg=AOvVaw21X4EiAdXUSFRyPvKZAT_9) | | Waite, A.E. | *[Book of Ceremonial Magic](https://amzn.to/43OGyLb)* | | Yates, William Butler, | *[Treasury of Irish Myth, Legend & Folklore](https://amzn.to/43QBHJs) (New York, Gramercy Books, 1986, p. 147.)* | * [Home](../index.html) * [Contents](../sitemap.htm) * [Prev](../gifs/gifs.htm) * wands * [Next](../solomon/nameindx.htm) * [timeline](../esotime.htm)

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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" <html> <head> <title>Frame Enlargements from Stan Brakhage films, most of them discussed in the 2002 issue of "Chicago Review" on Brakhage</title> <meta name="description" content="Frame Enlargements from Stan Brakhage films, discussed in the 2002 issue of Chicago Review on Brakhage"> <meta name="keywords" content="Stan Brakhage, stills, frame enlargements, film strips, avant-garde film, experimental film, underground film, Ellipses Reel 2, Ellipses Reel 3, Anticipation of the Night, Chartres Series, A Child's Garden and the Serious Sea, Coupling, Creation, The Dante Quartet, existence is song,Hell Itself, The Mammals of Victoria, Mothlight, Purgation, Preludes, The Riddle of Lumun, the Vancouver Island Films, Visions in Meditation #2, Visions in Meditation #3, Yggdrasill Whose Roots are Stars in the Human Mind"> </head> <body> <center><font size=-1><a href="../index.html">Home</a>    <a href="../Film/index.html">Film</a>   <a href="../A/index.html">My Art</a>    <a href="../Art/writingA.html">Art </a>    Other:</font><font size=-2> (<a href="../R/index.html">Travel</a>, <a href="../Rants/index.html">Rants</a>, <a href="../B/index.html">Obits</a>)</font><font size=-1>    <a href="../links.html">Links</a>    <a href="../about.html">About</a>    <a href="../contact.html">Contact</a></font></center> <hr width="100%"><center> <font size=+2>Frame Enlargements from Films by <a href="BrakhageL.html">Stan Brakhage</a>,</font> <br><font size=+1>mostly from films discussed in the <a href="../Brakhage/CR_474=481_toc.pdf">Spring 2002 issue</a> of <a href="http://humanities.uchicago.edu/orgs/review/"><i>Chicago Review</i></a> on Brakhage</font> <br><font size=+1><font color="#ff0505"><i>Click on each small image or strip to see a larger version. If you don't see a larger version, please <a href="../M/Browser.html">adjust your browser</a>.</i></font></font></center> <hr width="100%"> <strong>All images from Brakhage films here are reproduced by permission of the Estate of Stan Brakhage and may not be reproduced elsewhere, including on the Internet, except by permission of <a href="mailto:vams@shaw.ca (Marilyn Brakhage)">Marilyn Brakhage</a></strong> (email her at vams@shaw.ca). In addition, you must agree to the "Brakhage Stills Agreement" that Marilyn Brakhage and I have agreed upon. Once permission has been arranged, <a href="mailto:f@fredcamper.com (Fred Camper)">email me</a> a copy of hte stills agreement and for higher resolution files. Plesae do <em>not</em> use the files on this site, which were saved at a high level of jpeg compression.</font> <hr width="100%"><font size=-1>My article, <i>Brakhage's Contradictions</i>, a long essay on his work in general and some of his recent films, especially <i>A Child's Garden and the Serious Sea</i>, <i>The Mammals of Victoria</i>, <i>"..." Reel 2</i>, and <i>"..." Reel 3</i>, appeared in a <a href="../Brakhage/CR_474=481_toc.pdf">special issue on Brakhage</a> of <i><a href="http://humanities.uchicago.edu/orgs/review/">Chicago Review</i></a> (No. 47:4 & 48:1, Spring 2002) (<a href="http://www.semcoop.com/detail/9990127212">purchase online</a>, or or <a href="http://humanities.uchicago.edu/orgs/review/subscribe.shtml">order now</a> for $10.00 including shipping within the U.S. by sending a check to Subscriptions Manager, CHICAGO REVIEW, 5801 S. Kenwood Ave., Chicago IL 60637). The initial project of scanning Brakhage images was motivated by a desire to make stills for that issue to accompany essays by myself and others. Many of the images below appear in color in the Brakhage issue. </font> <hr width="100%"> Films included on this page and others on my site, in alphabetical order: <A HREF="#... Reel 2">"..." Reel 2</A>; <A HREF="#... Reel 3">"..." Reel 3</A>; <A HREF="#Anticipation">Anticipation of the Night</a>; <a href="Brakhage3.html#Ascension">Ascension</a>; <A HREF="#Chartres">Chartres Series</a>; <A HREF="#Child">A Child's Garden and the Serious Sea</a>; <a href="#Chinese">Chinese Series</a>; <a href="../Brakhage/Carbondale.html">Cloud Chamber</a>; <A HREF="#Creation">Creation</a>; <A HREF="#Coupling">Coupling</a>; The Dante Quartet [<A HREF="#HellItself">Hell Itself</a>, <A HREF="#Purgation">Purgation</a>, <a href="#existence">"existence is song"</a>]; <a href="Brakhage7.html#PartII">Dog Star Man: Part 2</a>; <a href="Brakhage7.html#PartIV">Dog Star Man: Part 4</a>; <a HREF="#TheDead">The Dead</a>; <a href="Brakhage5.html#ITake">I Take These Truths</a> [the first part of "Trilogy"]; <a href="Brakhage5.html#I">I...</a> [the third part of "Trilogy"]; <A HREF="#Mammals">The Mammals of Victoria</a>; <a href="Brakhage3.html#Max">Max</a>; <A HREF="#Mothlight">Mothlight</a>; <A HREF="#MurderPsalm">Murder Psalm</a>; <a href="Brakhage3.html#Panels">Panels for the Walls of Heaven</a>; <A HREF="#Prelude 1">Prelude 1</a>; <a href="Brakhage3.html#Resurrectus">Resurrectus Est</a>; <A HREF="#Riddle">The Riddle of Lumen</a>; <A HREF="#Visions2">Visions in Meditation #2</a>; <A HREF="#Visions3">Visions in Meditation #3</a>; <a href="Brakhage5.html#WeHold">We Hold These</a> [the second part of "Trilogy"]; <A HREF="#Yggdrasill">Yggdrasill Whose Roots Are Stars in the Human Mind</A>. <p><font size="-1"><strong>I also have additional strips of some of the Brakhage films on my Web site</strong>, and longer versions of some strips already on the site. Further, <strong>I have strips from a number of Brakhage films that are not on my site</strong>, a collection that I'm gradually adding to; <a href="BrakhageS1.html">I've posted a list of those films here</a>. For those wishing to obtain stills neither shown on my site nor in the <a href="BrakhageS1.html">list</a>, please inquire; I am also able to make stills from some additional films. <hr width="100%"> <p>Stills from any film give a very incomplete picture of what the actual viewing experience, and this is particularly true of Brakhage films. The perceived imagery in Brakhage's work depends very much on movement and montage, to the extent that some things a viewer is convinced are contained in a single image are in fact only the product of movements within a shot, or/and of juxtapositions from shot to shot. Still, I've attempted to select strips and individual frames that suggest the aesthetic of each film. <p>Where a still image makes sense I use that; for handpainted films I've tried to use strips, and I've included some strips from photographed films to show movement and editing patterns. Above some of the strips are selected frames from those strips that I chose as particularly representative. The larger versions of these frames are not quite the highest resolution I can get. Also, unlike frames within the strip, these are cropped to reflect the cropping that 16mm projectors produce according to the current <a href="http://www.smpte.org/">SMPTE</a> standard. Projectors do not show the entire frame, and while Brakhage views the whole strip while painting on it, he also views the films projected before completion, and what appears on the screen is the intended final result. Similar care has been used in writing the titles of each film, which appear in italics. I have used the form of the title exactly as it appears on the film itself, which Brakhage confirms is his preferred form. Thus the title of <i>"existence is song"</i> includes quote marks, to take one example. <p>Except for <i>Creation</i>, the left-to-right order of these strips follows the order in which they occur in the film. <font color="#00CC00">Fred Camper</font> <hr width="100%"> <font size=+1>Descriptions of these and other Brakhage films, provided by Brakhage himself, can be found in the <a href="http://www.canyoncinema.com/B/Brakhage.html">Brakhage section</a> of the <a href="http://www.canyoncinema.com/rentsale.html">on-line catalog</a> of <a href="http://www.canyoncinema.com/contents.html">Canyon Cinema</a> as well as in the <a href="http://www.film-makerscoop.com/catalog/b.html">"B" section"</a> of the <a href="http://www.film-makerscoop.com/catalog.htm">on-line catalog</a> of the <a href="http://www.film-makerscoop.com/core.htm">Filmmakers Cooperative</a>. More information on Brakhage can also be found on my <a href="BrakhageL.html">Brakhage links page</a>.</font> <hr width="100%"> <font size=+1><font color="#ff0505"><i>Click on each small image or strip to see a larger version. If you don't see a larger version, please <a href="../M/Browser.html">adjust your browser</a>.</i></font></font></center> <hr width="100%"> <font size=+2> <A NAME="... Reel 2"> From <i><A HREF="Brakhage1.html#Ellipses">"..."</a> Reel 2</i> (1998)</font> <br><i>Note:</i> Because of the unusual typography of the title of this film, Brakhage also permits that, if the correct rendition of the title is not possible, it can be referred to as <i>Ellipses Reel 2</i>. <p>&nbsp&nbsp<a href="../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses2_1a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses2_1as.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a> &nbsp <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses2_2a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses2_2as.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a>   <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses2_3a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses2_3as.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a>  <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses2_4a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses2_4as.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a>  <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses2_5a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses2_5as.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a><br clear=all> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses2_1.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses2_1s.jpg" width="105" height="455" border="0" align=left></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses2_2.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses2_2s.jpg" width="105" height="627" border="0" align=left></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses2_3.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses2_3s.jpg" width="105" height="747" border="0" align=left></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses2_4.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses2_4s.jpg" width="105" height="859" border="0" align=left></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses2_5.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses2_5s.jpg" width="105" height="455" border="0" align=center></a><br clear=all> <font color="#ffffff"><font size=-2>Frame enlargements from Stan Brakhage's film <i>"..." Reel 2</i>, also known as <i>Ellipses Reel 2</i></font></font> <br clear=all> <hr width="100%"> <A NAME="... Reel 3"> <font size=+2>From <i><A HREF="Brakhage1.html#Ellipses">"..."</a> Reel 3</i> (1998)</font> <br><i>Note:</i> Because of the unusual typography of the title of this film, Brakhage also permits that, if the correct rendition of the title is not possible, it can be referred to as <i>Ellipses Reel 3</i>. <p>  <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses3_1ra.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses3_1ras.jpg" width="105" height="79" border="0" align=top></a>  <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses3_2a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses3_2as.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a>   <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses3_3a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses3_3as.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a> <br clear=all><font size=-2><br></font> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses3_1r.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses3_1rs.jpg" width="105" height="501" border="0" aligh=top></a>   <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses3_2.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses3_2s.jpg" width="105" height="834" border="0" align=top></a>   <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses3_3.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses3_3s.jpg" width="105" height="679" border="0" align=top></a> <br clear=all> <font color="#ffffff"><font size=-2>Frame enlargements from Stan Brakhage's film <i>"..." Reel 3</i>, also known as <i>Ellipses Reel 3</i></font></font> <hr width="100%"><A NAME="Prelude 1"> <font size=+2>From <i>Prelude 1</i> (1996)</font> <br><strong>Please note:</strong> This film is <strong>not</strong> the more famous <em>Dog Star Man: Prelude</em>, made over three decades earlier, but a completely different work. <p><a href="../PF/Brakhage/Prelude1a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Prelude1as.jpg" width="105" height="541" border="0" align=left></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Prelude2a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Prelude2as.jpg" width="105" height="605" border="0"></a><br clear=all> <font color="#ffffff"><font size=-2>Frame enlargements from Stan Brakhage's film <i>Prelude 1</i></font></font> <hr width="100%"><A NAME="Anticipation"> <font size=+2>From <i><a href="http://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/anticipation-of-the-night/Film?oid=1053549">Anticipation of the Night</a></i> (1958)</font> <p><a href="../PF/Brakhage/Anticipation1a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Anticipation1as.jpg" width="250" height="187" border="0" align=left></a>  <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Anticipation5a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Anticipation5as.jpg" width="250" height="187" border="0" align=center></a><br clear=all> <p>The image at right below shows the Shadow Man hanging himself in the famous final scene. <br><a href="../PF/Brakhage/Anticipation3a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Anticipation3as.jpg" width="105" height="330" border="0" align="left"></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Anticipation4a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Anticipation4as.jpg" width="105" height="859" border="0" alighn="left"></a>  <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Anticipation6a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Anticipation6as.jpg" width="250" height="187" border="0" align="top"></a><br clear=all> <font color="#ffffff"><font size=-2>Frame enlargements from Stan Brakhage's film <i>Anticipation of the Night</i></font></font> <hr width="100%"><A NAME="Chartres"> <font size=+2>From <i>Chartres Series</i> (1994)</font> <p><a href="../PF/Brakhage/Chartres1.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Chartres1s.jpg" width="105" height="682" border="0" align="top"></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Chartres2.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Chartres2s.jpg" width="105" height="678" border="0" align="top"></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Chartres3.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Chartres3s.jpg" width="105" height="684" border="0" align="top"></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Chartres4.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Chartres4s.jpg" width="105" height="678" border="0" align="top"></a> <br clear=all> <font color="#ffffff"><font size=-2>Frame enlargements from Stan Brakhage's film <i>Chartres Series</i></font></font> <hr width="100%"> <A NAME="Child"> <font size=+2>From <i>A Child's Garden and the Serious Sea</i> (1991),</font> <br>the first of the "Vancouver Island films." <p><a href="../PF/Brakhage/AChildsGarden2.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/AChildsGarden2s.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/AChildsGarden3.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/AChildsGarden3s.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/AChildsGarden6.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/AChildsGarden6s.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/AChildsGarden7.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/AChildsGarden7s.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a> <br>                         <a href="../PF/Brakhage/AChildsGarden4.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/AChildsGarden4s.jpg" width="105" height="153" border="0"></a><br clear=all> <font color="#ffffff"><font size=-2>Frame enlargements from Stan Brakhage's film <i>A Child's Garden and the Serious Sea</i></font></font> <hr width="100%"> <A NAME="Chinese"> <font size=+2>From <i>Chinese Series</i> (2003)</font> <br>The firs strip on the left is the very beginning of the film; the last strip, on the right, is the very end. The film was printed in two parts, after Brakhage's death but according to his instructions: the material that he scratched on black film was first printed with each frame repeated twice, and then printed with each frame repeated only once. The first three strips below are from the first section, and the last three from the second. Here's my brief description of <em>Chinese Series</em> from the <a href="http://www.chicagoreader.com"><em>Chicago Reader</em></a>, September 12, 2003: "Stan Brakhage had been planning a film inspired by Chinese ideograms for years; he made his unfinished Chinese Series in his dying months, scratching its marks on black 35-mm film. In its two haunting minutes, exploding lines flirt with the depiction of recognizable objects." <p><a href="../PF/Brakhage/Chinese1.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Chinese1s.jpg" width="105" height="762" border="0" align="top"></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Chinese3.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Chinese3s.jpg" width="105" height="744" border="0" align="top"></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Chinese5.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Chinese5s.jpg" width="105" height="761" border="0" align="top"></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Chinese7.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Chinese7s.jpg" width="105" height="755" border="0" align="top"></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Chinese8.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Chinese8s.jpg" width="105" height="758" border="0" align="top"></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Chinese9.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Chinese9s.jpg" width="105" height="758" border="0" align="top"></a><br clear=all> <font color="#ffffff"><font size=-2>Frame enlargements from Stan Brakhage's film <i>Chinese Series</i></font></font> <hr width="100%"> <A NAME="Creation"> <font size=+2>From <i>Creation</i> (1979)</font> <p><a href="../PF/Brakhage/Creation01.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Creation01s.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a>   <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Creation02.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Creation02s.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a>   <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Creation11.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Creation11s.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a>   <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Creation08.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Creation08s.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a>   <a href="../PF/Brakhage/CreationB15.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/CreationB15s.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a> <br><a href="../PF/Brakhage/Creation05.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Creation05s.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a>   <a href="../PF/Brakhage/CreationB3.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/CreationB3s.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a>   <a href="../PF/Brakhage/CreationB8.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/CreationB8s.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a><br clear=all> <br><a href="../PF/Brakhage/CreationB5.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/CreationB5s.jpg" width="105" height="154" border="0" align=left></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/CreationB4.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/CreationB4s.jpg" width="105" height="457" border="0" align=left></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/CreationB1.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/CreationB1s.jpg" width="105" height="304" border="0" align=center></a> <br clear=all> <font color="#ffffff"><font size=-2>Frame enlargements from Stan Brakhage's film <i>Creation</i></font></font> <hr width="100%"> <A NAME="Coupling"> <font size=+2>From <i><A HREF="Brakhage1.html#Coupling">Coupling</a></i> (1999)</font> <br>The last strip (on the right hand side) is from the very end of the film. <p>  <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Coupling1a.jpg"><img src="../PF//Brakhage/Coupling1as.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a>   <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Coupling2a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Coupling2as.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a>   <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Coupling3a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Coupling3as.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a>  <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Coupling4a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Coupling4as.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a>   <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Coupling6a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Coupling6as.jpg" width="100" height="73" border="0"></a><br clear=all> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Coupling1.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Coupling1s.jpg" width="105" height="536" border="0" align=left></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Coupling2.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Coupling2s.jpg" width="105" height="613" border="0" align=left></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Coupling3.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Coupling3s.jpg" width="105" height="585" border="0" align=left></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Coupling4.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Coupling4s.jpg" width="105" height="587" border="0" align=left></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Coupling6.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Coupling6s.jpg" width="105" height="523" border="0" align=left></a><br clear=all> <font color="#ffffff"><font size=-2>Frame enlargements from Stan Brakhage's film <i>Coupling</i></font></font> <hr width="100%"> <A NAME="Dante"><font size=+2><b><i>The Dante Quartet</i>:</b></font> <p> <A NAME="HellItself"> <font size=+2>From <i>Hell Itself</i> (1987)</font> <br>(the first of the four sections of <i>The Dante Quartet</i>) <br>The two images on the left are the very first two images of the film, each of which lasts four frames. <p><a href="../PF/Brakhage/hellitself1a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/hellitself1as.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/hellitself1b.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/hellitself1bs.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/hellitself2a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/hellitself2as.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/hellitself2b.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/hellitself2bs.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a><br clear=all> <font color="#ffffff"><font size=-2>Frame enlargements from Stan Brakhage's film <i>Hell Itself</i></font></font> <hr width="80%"> <A NAME="Purgation"> <font size=+2>From <i><a href="http://spacefinder.chicagoreader.com/movies/capsules/21813_BRAKHAGE_FILMS_BY_STAN_BRAKHAGE.html">Purgation</a></i> (1987)</font> <br>(the third of four sections of <i>The Dante Quartet</i>) <p> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Purgation1a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Purgation1as.jpg" width="100" height="47" border="0"></a>   <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Purgation3a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Purgation3as.jpg" width="100" height="47" border="0"></a><br clear=all> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Purgation1.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Purgation1s.jpg" width="105" height="804" border="0"></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Purgation3.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Purgation3s.jpg" width="105" height="803" border="0"></a><br clear=all> <font color="#ffffff"><font size=-2>Frame enlargements from Stan Brakhage's film <i>Purgation</i></font></font> <hr width="80%"> <A NAME="existence"> <p><font size=+2>From <i><a href="http://spacefinder.chicagoreader.com/movies/capsules/21813_BRAKHAGE_FILMS_BY_STAN_BRAKHAGE.html">"existence is song"</a></i> (1987)</font> <br>(the last of four sections of <i>The Dante Quartet</i>) <br>The strip on the left is the very opening of the film, and the strip on the right is the very end. <p> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/existenceissong2a.jpg"> <img src="../PF/Brakhage/existenceissong2as.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a>  <a href="../PF/Brakhage/existenceissong3a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/existenceissong3as.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a>   <a href="../PF/Brakhage/existenceissong3a.jpg"><a href="../PF/Brakhage/existenceissong4a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/existenceissong4as.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a>   <a href="../PF/Brakhage/existenceissong5a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/existenceissong5as.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a>  <a href="../PF/Brakhage/existenceissong6a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/existenceissong6as.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a><br clear=all> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/existenceissong2.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/existenceissong2s.jpg" width="105" height="814" border="0" align=left></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/existenceissong3.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/existenceissong3s.jpg" width="105" height="527" border="0" align=left></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/existenceissong4.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/existenceissong4s.jpg" width="105" height="681" border="0" align=left></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/existenceissong5.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/existenceissong5s.jpg" width="105" height="596" border="0" align=left></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/existenceissong6.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/existenceissong6s.jpg" width="105" height="768" border="0" align=center></a><br><br clear=all> <font color="#ffffff"><font size=-2>Frame enlargements from Stan Brakhage's film <i>"existence is song"</i></font></font> <hr width="100%"> <A NAME="TheDead"> <font size=+2>From <i><a href="http://onfilm.chireader.com/MovieCaps/S/SE/18545_SEEING_STAN_BRAKHAGE.html">The Dead</a></i> (1960)</font> <p><a href="../PF/Brakhage/TheDead5b.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/TheDead5bs.jpg" width="250" height="187" border="0"></a>  <a href="../PF/Brakhage/TheDead6a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/TheDead6as.jpg" width="250" height="187" border="0"></a>  <a href="../PF/Brakhage/TheDead7a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/TheDead7as.jpg" width="250" height="187" border="0"></a><br clear=all> <br>I include several strips below to demonstrate the very rapid montage of <i>The Dead:</i> <br><a href="../PF/Brakhage/TheDead1a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/TheDead1as.jpg" width="105" height="335" border="0" align=top></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/TheDead2c1.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/TheDead2c1s.jpg" width="105" height="798" border="0" align=top></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/TheDead3b.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/TheDead3bs.jpg" width="105" height="868" border="0" align=top></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/TheDead4a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/TheDead4as.jpg" width="105" height="852" border="0" align="top"></a><br clear=all> <font color="#ffffff"><font size=-2>Frame enlargements from Stan Brakhage's film <i>The Dead</i></font></font> <hr width="100%"> <A NAME="Mammals"> <font size=+2>From <i>The Mammals of Victoria</i> (1994), </font> <br>the second of the "Vancouver Island films." <p>  <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Mammals1a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Mammals1as.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Mammals2a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Mammals2as.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Mammals2b.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Mammals2bs.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a> <br cleear=all> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Mammals1b.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Mammals1bs.jpg" width="105" height="463" border="0" align=left></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Mammals3.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Mammals3s.jpg" width="105" height="246" border="0" align=center></a> <br clear=all> <font color="#ffffff"><font size=-2>Frame enlargements from Stan Brakhage's film <i>The Mammals of Victoria</i></font></font> <hr width="100%"> <A NAME="Mothlight"> <font size=+2>From <i>Mothlight</a></i> (1963)</font> <br><i>These images are a bit yellower than images found on some other prints; my print is yellower than most. All prints should have some yellow, reflecting the tape on which the objects were placed. <p><a href="../PF/Brakhage/Mothlight1.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Mothlight1s.jpg" width="105" height="650" border="0" align="top"></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Mothlight2.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Mothlight2s.jpg" width="105" height="653" border="0" align="top"></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Mothlight3.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Mothlight3s.jpg" width="105" height="693" border="0" align="top"></a> s<a href="../PF/Brakhage/Mothlight4.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Mothlight4s.jpg" width="105" height="664" border="0" align="top"></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Mothlight5.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Mothlight5s.jpg" width="105" height="698" border="0"></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Mothlight6.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Mothlight6s.jpg" width="105" height="695" border="0" align="top"></a><br clear=all> <font color="#ffffff"><font size=-2>Frame enlargements from Stan Brakhage's film <i>Mothlight</i></font></font> <hr width="100%"> <A NAME="MurderPsalm"> <font size=+2>From <i><a href="http://onfilm.chireader.com/MovieCaps/C/CE/21801_CELEBRATING_STAN_BRAKHAGE_A_SAMPLER.html">Murder Psalm</a></i> (1981)</font> <p><a href="../PF/Brakhage/MurderPsalm03a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/MurderPsalm03as.jpg" width="250" height="187" border="0" align="top"></a>   <a href="../PF/Brakhage/MurderPsalm04a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/MurderPsalm04as.jpg" width="250" height="187" border="0" align="top"></a>  <a href="../PF/Brakhage/MurderPsalm08a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/MurderPsalm08as.jpg" width="250" height="187" border="0" align="top"></a><br clear=all> <br><a href="../PF/Brakhage/MurderPsalm09a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/MurderPsalm09as.jpg" width="250" height="187" border="0" align="top"></a>  <a href="../PF/Brakhage/MurderPsalm11a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/MurderPsalm11as.jpg" width="250" height="187" border="0" align="top"></a><br clear=all> <br><a href="../PF/Brakhage/MurderPsalm02.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/MurderPsalm02s.jpg" width="105" height="788" border="0" align="top"></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/MurderPsalm05.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/MurderPsalm05s.jpg" width="105" height="623" border="0" align="top"></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/MurderPsalm07b.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/MurderPsalm07bs.jpg" width="105" height="807" border="0" align="top"></a> <font color="#ffffff"><font size=-2>Frame enlargements from Stan Brakhage's film <i>Murder Psalm</i></font></font> <hr width="100%"> <A NAME="Riddle"> <font size=+2>From <i><a href="../Brakhage/FC.html#Riddle">The Riddle of Lumen</a></i> (1972)</font> <p><a href="../PF/Brakhage/Riddle1a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Riddle1as.jpg" width="250" height="187" border="0" align="left"></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Riddle2a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Riddle2as.jpg" width="250" height="187" border="0"></a><br clear=all> <p><a href="../PF/Brakhage/Riddle3a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Riddle3as.jpg" width="105" height="314" border="0" align="top"></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Riddle4a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Riddle4as.jpg" width="105" height="309" border="0" align="top"></a> <br clear=all> <font color="#ffffff"><font size=-2>Frame enlargements from Stan Brakhage's film <i>The Riddle of Lumen</i></font></font> <hr width="100%"> <A NAME="Visions2"> <font size=+2>From <i><a href="http://spacefinder.chicagoreader.com/movies/capsules/21801_CELEBRATING_STAN_BRAKHAGE_A_SAMPLER.html">Visions in Meditation #2</a></i> (1989)</font> <br>This film is subtitled <i>Mesa Verde</i> <p><a href="../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMII1a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMII1as.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMII2.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMII2s.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMII3.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMII3s.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMII7.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMII7s.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMII9.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMII9s.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a><br clear=all> <br><a href="../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMII4.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMII4s.jpg" width="105" height="609" border="0"></a><br clear=all> <font color="#ffffff"><font size=-2>Frame enlargements from Stan Brakhage's film <i>Visions in Meditation #2</i></font></font> <hr width="100%"> <A NAME="Visions3"> <font size=+2>From <i>Visions in Meditation #3</i> (1990)</font> <br>This film is subtitled <i>Plato's Cave</i> <p><a href="../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMIII1.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMIII1s.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMIII1a.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMIII1as.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMIII4.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMIII4s.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMIII6.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMIII6s.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMIII7.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMIII7s.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a><br clear=all> <font color="#ffffff"><font size=-2>Frame enlargements from Stan Brakhage's film <i>Visions in Meditation #3</i></font></font> <hr width="100%"> <A NAME="Yggdrasill"> <font size=+2>From <i>Yggdrasill Whose Roots Are Stars in the Human Mind</i> (1997)</font> <p>  <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Yggdrasill3.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Yggdrasill3s.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a>   <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Yggdrasill6.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Yggdrasill6s.jpg" width="100" height="75" border="0"></a><br clear=all><br> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Yggdrasill1.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Yggdrasill1s.jpg" width="105" height="600" border="0" align=left></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Yggdrasill2.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Yggdrasill2s.jpg" width="105" height="680" border="0" align=left></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Yggdrasill4.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Yggdrasill4s.jpg" width="105" height="679" border="0" align=left></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Yggdrasill5.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Yggdrasill5s.jpg" width="105" height="608" border="0" align=left></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Yggdrasill7.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Yggdrasill7s.jpg" width="105" height="600" border="0" align=left></a> <a href="../PF/Brakhage/Yggdrasill8.jpg"><img src="../PF/Brakhage/Yggdrasill8s.jpg" width="105" height="538" border="0" align=left></a><br clear=all> <font color="#ffffff"><font size=-2>Frame enlargements from Stan Brakhage's film <i>Yggdrasill Whose Roots Are Stars in the Human Mind</i></font></font> <hr width="100%"> <font size=+1>All images from Brakhage films here are reproduced by permission of the Estate of Stan Brakhage and may not be reproduced elsewhere, including on the Internet, except by permission of <a href="mailto:vams@shaw.ca (Marilyn Brakhage)">Marilyn Brakhage</a> (email her at vams@shaw.ca). Once permission has been arranged, <a href="mailto:f@fredcamper.com (Fred Camper)">email me</a> for higher resolution files. <hr width="100%"> <font size=+1>Descriptions of these and other Brakhage films, provided by Brakhage himself, can be found in the <a href="http://www.canyoncinema.com/B/Brakhage.html">Brakhage section</a> of the <a href="http://www.canyoncinema.com/rentsale.html">on-line catalog</a> of <a href="http://www.canyoncinema.com/contents.html">Canyon Cinema</a> as well as in the <a href="http://www.film-makerscoop.com/catalog/b.html">"B" section"</a> of the <a href="http://www.film-makerscoop.com/catalog.htm">on-line catalog</a> of the <a href="http://www.film-makerscoop.com/core.htm">Filmmakers Cooperative</a>. More information on Brakhage can also be found on my <a href="BrakhageL.html">Brakhage links page</a>.</font> <hr width="100%"> <center><font size=-1><a href="../index.html">Home</a>    <a href="../Film/index.html">Film</a>   <a href="../A/index.html">My Art</a>    <a href="../Art/writingA.html">Art </a>    Other:</font><font size=-2> (<a href="../R/index.html">Travel</a>, <a href="../Rants/index.html">Rants</a>, <a href="../B/index.html">Obits</a>)</font><font size=-1>    <a href="../links.html">Links</a>    <a href="../about.html">About</a>    <a href="../contact.html">Contact</a></font></center> </body> </html>

Frame Enlargements from Stan Brakhage films, most of them discussed in the 2002 issue of "Chicago Review" on Brakhage [Home](../index.html) [Film](../Film/index.html) [My Art](../A/index.html) [Art](../Art/writingA.html) Other: ([Travel](../R/index.html), [Rants](../Rants/index.html), [Obits](../B/index.html)) [Links](../links.html) [About](../about.html) [Contact](../contact.html) --- Frame Enlargements from Films by [Stan Brakhage](BrakhageL.html), mostly from films discussed in the [Spring 2002 issue](../Brakhage/CR_474=481_toc.pdf) of [*Chicago Review*](http://humanities.uchicago.edu/orgs/review/) on Brakhage *Click on each small image or strip to see a larger version. If you don't see a larger version, please [adjust your browser](../M/Browser.html).* --- **All images from Brakhage films here are reproduced by permission of the Estate of Stan Brakhage and may not be reproduced elsewhere, including on the Internet, except by permission of [Marilyn Brakhage](mailto:vams@shaw.ca (Marilyn Brakhage))** (email her at vams@shaw.ca). In addition, you must agree to the "Brakhage Stills Agreement" that Marilyn Brakhage and I have agreed upon. Once permission has been arranged, [email me](mailto:f@fredcamper.com (Fred Camper)) a copy of hte stills agreement and for higher resolution files. Plesae do *not* use the files on this site, which were saved at a high level of jpeg compression. --- My article, *Brakhage's Contradictions*, a long essay on his work in general and some of his recent films, especially *A Child's Garden and the Serious Sea*, *The Mammals of Victoria*, *"..." Reel 2*, and *"..." Reel 3*, appeared in a [special issue on Brakhage](../Brakhage/CR_474=481_toc.pdf) of *[Chicago Review](http://humanities.uchicago.edu/orgs/review/)* (No. 47:4 & 48:1, Spring 2002) ([purchase online](http://www.semcoop.com/detail/9990127212), or or [order now](http://humanities.uchicago.edu/orgs/review/subscribe.shtml) for $10.00 including shipping within the U.S. by sending a check to Subscriptions Manager, CHICAGO REVIEW, 5801 S. Kenwood Ave., Chicago IL 60637). The initial project of scanning Brakhage images was motivated by a desire to make stills for that issue to accompany essays by myself and others. Many of the images below appear in color in the Brakhage issue. --- Films included on this page and others on my site, in alphabetical order: ["..." Reel 2](#... Reel 2); ["..." Reel 3](#... Reel 3); [Anticipation of the Night](#Anticipation); [Ascension](Brakhage3.html#Ascension); [Chartres Series](#Chartres); [A Child's Garden and the Serious Sea](#Child); [Chinese Series](#Chinese); [Cloud Chamber](../Brakhage/Carbondale.html); [Creation](#Creation); [Coupling](#Coupling); The Dante Quartet [[Hell Itself](#HellItself), [Purgation](#Purgation), ["existence is song"](#existence)]; [Dog Star Man: Part 2](Brakhage7.html#PartII); [Dog Star Man: Part 4](Brakhage7.html#PartIV); [The Dead](#TheDead); [I Take These Truths](Brakhage5.html#ITake) [the first part of "Trilogy"]; [I...](Brakhage5.html#I) [the third part of "Trilogy"]; [The Mammals of Victoria](#Mammals); [Max](Brakhage3.html#Max); [Mothlight](#Mothlight); [Murder Psalm](#MurderPsalm); [Panels for the Walls of Heaven](Brakhage3.html#Panels); [Prelude 1](#Prelude 1); [Resurrectus Est](Brakhage3.html#Resurrectus); [The Riddle of Lumen](#Riddle); [Visions in Meditation #2](#Visions2); [Visions in Meditation #3](#Visions3); [We Hold These](Brakhage5.html#WeHold) [the second part of "Trilogy"]; [Yggdrasill Whose Roots Are Stars in the Human Mind](#Yggdrasill). **I also have additional strips of some of the Brakhage films on my Web site**, and longer versions of some strips already on the site. Further, **I have strips from a number of Brakhage films that are not on my site**, a collection that I'm gradually adding to; [I've posted a list of those films here](BrakhageS1.html). For those wishing to obtain stills neither shown on my site nor in the [list](BrakhageS1.html), please inquire; I am also able to make stills from some additional films. --- Stills from any film give a very incomplete picture of what the actual viewing experience, and this is particularly true of Brakhage films. The perceived imagery in Brakhage's work depends very much on movement and montage, to the extent that some things a viewer is convinced are contained in a single image are in fact only the product of movements within a shot, or/and of juxtapositions from shot to shot. Still, I've attempted to select strips and individual frames that suggest the aesthetic of each film. Where a still image makes sense I use that; for handpainted films I've tried to use strips, and I've included some strips from photographed films to show movement and editing patterns. Above some of the strips are selected frames from those strips that I chose as particularly representative. The larger versions of these frames are not quite the highest resolution I can get. Also, unlike frames within the strip, these are cropped to reflect the cropping that 16mm projectors produce according to the current [SMPTE](http://www.smpte.org/) standard. Projectors do not show the entire frame, and while Brakhage views the whole strip while painting on it, he also views the films projected before completion, and what appears on the screen is the intended final result. Similar care has been used in writing the titles of each film, which appear in italics. I have used the form of the title exactly as it appears on the film itself, which Brakhage confirms is his preferred form. Thus the title of *"existence is song"* includes quote marks, to take one example. Except for *Creation*, the left-to-right order of these strips follows the order in which they occur in the film. Fred Camper --- Descriptions of these and other Brakhage films, provided by Brakhage himself, can be found in the [Brakhage section](http://www.canyoncinema.com/B/Brakhage.html) of the [on-line catalog](http://www.canyoncinema.com/rentsale.html) of [Canyon Cinema](http://www.canyoncinema.com/contents.html) as well as in the ["B" section"](http://www.film-makerscoop.com/catalog/b.html) of the [on-line catalog](http://www.film-makerscoop.com/catalog.htm) of the [Filmmakers Cooperative](http://www.film-makerscoop.com/core.htm). More information on Brakhage can also be found on my [Brakhage links page](BrakhageL.html). --- *Click on each small image or strip to see a larger version. If you don't see a larger version, please [adjust your browser](../M/Browser.html).* --- From *["..."](Brakhage1.html#Ellipses) Reel 2* (1998) *Note:* Because of the unusual typography of the title of this film, Brakhage also permits that, if the correct rendition of the title is not possible, it can be referred to as *Ellipses Reel 2*. [![](../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses2_1as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses2_1a.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses2_2as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses2_2a.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses2_3as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses2_3a.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses2_4as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses2_4a.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses2_5as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses2_5a.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses2_1s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses2_1.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses2_2s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses2_2.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses2_3s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses2_3.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses2_4s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses2_4.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses2_5s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses2_5.jpg) Frame enlargements from Stan Brakhage's film *"..." Reel 2*, also known as *Ellipses Reel 2* --- From *["..."](Brakhage1.html#Ellipses) Reel 3* (1998) *Note:* Because of the unusual typography of the title of this film, Brakhage also permits that, if the correct rendition of the title is not possible, it can be referred to as *Ellipses Reel 3*. [![](../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses3_1ras.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses3_1ra.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses3_2as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses3_2a.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses3_3as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses3_3a.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses3_1rs.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses3_1r.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses3_2s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses3_2.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses3_3s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Ellipses3_3.jpg) Frame enlargements from Stan Brakhage's film *"..." Reel 3*, also known as *Ellipses Reel 3* --- From *Prelude 1* (1996) **Please note:** This film is **not** the more famous *Dog Star Man: Prelude*, made over three decades earlier, but a completely different work. [![](../PF/Brakhage/Prelude1as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Prelude1a.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Prelude2as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Prelude2a.jpg) Frame enlargements from Stan Brakhage's film *Prelude 1* --- From *[Anticipation of the Night](http://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/anticipation-of-the-night/Film?oid=1053549)* (1958) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Anticipation1as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Anticipation1a.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Anticipation5as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Anticipation5a.jpg) The image at right below shows the Shadow Man hanging himself in the famous final scene. [![](../PF/Brakhage/Anticipation3as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Anticipation3a.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Anticipation4as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Anticipation4a.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Anticipation6as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Anticipation6a.jpg) Frame enlargements from Stan Brakhage's film *Anticipation of the Night* --- From *Chartres Series* (1994) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Chartres1s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Chartres1.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Chartres2s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Chartres2.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Chartres3s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Chartres3.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Chartres4s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Chartres4.jpg) Frame enlargements from Stan Brakhage's film *Chartres Series* --- From *A Child's Garden and the Serious Sea* (1991), the first of the "Vancouver Island films." [![](../PF/Brakhage/AChildsGarden2s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/AChildsGarden2.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/AChildsGarden3s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/AChildsGarden3.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/AChildsGarden6s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/AChildsGarden6.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/AChildsGarden7s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/AChildsGarden7.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/AChildsGarden4s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/AChildsGarden4.jpg) Frame enlargements from Stan Brakhage's film *A Child's Garden and the Serious Sea* --- From *Chinese Series* (2003) The firs strip on the left is the very beginning of the film; the last strip, on the right, is the very end. The film was printed in two parts, after Brakhage's death but according to his instructions: the material that he scratched on black film was first printed with each frame repeated twice, and then printed with each frame repeated only once. The first three strips below are from the first section, and the last three from the second. Here's my brief description of *Chinese Series* from the [*Chicago Reader*](http://www.chicagoreader.com), September 12, 2003: "Stan Brakhage had been planning a film inspired by Chinese ideograms for years; he made his unfinished Chinese Series in his dying months, scratching its marks on black 35-mm film. In its two haunting minutes, exploding lines flirt with the depiction of recognizable objects." [![](../PF/Brakhage/Chinese1s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Chinese1.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Chinese3s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Chinese3.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Chinese5s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Chinese5.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Chinese7s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Chinese7.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Chinese8s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Chinese8.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Chinese9s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Chinese9.jpg) Frame enlargements from Stan Brakhage's film *Chinese Series* --- From *Creation* (1979) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Creation01s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Creation01.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Creation02s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Creation02.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Creation11s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Creation11.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Creation08s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Creation08.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/CreationB15s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/CreationB15.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Creation05s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Creation05.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/CreationB3s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/CreationB3.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/CreationB8s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/CreationB8.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/CreationB5s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/CreationB5.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/CreationB4s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/CreationB4.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/CreationB1s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/CreationB1.jpg) Frame enlargements from Stan Brakhage's film *Creation* --- From *[Coupling](Brakhage1.html#Coupling)* (1999) The last strip (on the right hand side) is from the very end of the film. [![](../PF//Brakhage/Coupling1as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Coupling1a.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Coupling2as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Coupling2a.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Coupling3as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Coupling3a.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Coupling4as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Coupling4a.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Coupling6as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Coupling6a.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Coupling1s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Coupling1.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Coupling2s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Coupling2.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Coupling3s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Coupling3.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Coupling4s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Coupling4.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Coupling6s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Coupling6.jpg) Frame enlargements from Stan Brakhage's film *Coupling* --- ***The Dante Quartet*:** From *Hell Itself* (1987) (the first of the four sections of *The Dante Quartet*) The two images on the left are the very first two images of the film, each of which lasts four frames. [![](../PF/Brakhage/hellitself1as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/hellitself1a.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/hellitself1bs.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/hellitself1b.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/hellitself2as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/hellitself2a.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/hellitself2bs.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/hellitself2b.jpg) Frame enlargements from Stan Brakhage's film *Hell Itself* --- From *[Purgation](http://spacefinder.chicagoreader.com/movies/capsules/21813_BRAKHAGE_FILMS_BY_STAN_BRAKHAGE.html)* (1987) (the third of four sections of *The Dante Quartet*) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Purgation1as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Purgation1a.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Purgation3as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Purgation3a.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Purgation1s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Purgation1.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Purgation3s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Purgation3.jpg) Frame enlargements from Stan Brakhage's film *Purgation* --- From *["existence is song"](http://spacefinder.chicagoreader.com/movies/capsules/21813_BRAKHAGE_FILMS_BY_STAN_BRAKHAGE.html)* (1987) (the last of four sections of *The Dante Quartet*) The strip on the left is the very opening of the film, and the strip on the right is the very end. [![](../PF/Brakhage/existenceissong2as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/existenceissong2a.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/existenceissong3as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/existenceissong3a.jpg) [[![](../PF/Brakhage/existenceissong4as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/existenceissong4a.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/existenceissong5as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/existenceissong5a.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/existenceissong6as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/existenceissong6a.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/existenceissong2s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/existenceissong2.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/existenceissong3s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/existenceissong3.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/existenceissong4s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/existenceissong4.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/existenceissong5s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/existenceissong5.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/existenceissong6s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/existenceissong6.jpg) Frame enlargements from Stan Brakhage's film *"existence is song"* --- From *[The Dead](http://onfilm.chireader.com/MovieCaps/S/SE/18545_SEEING_STAN_BRAKHAGE.html)* (1960) [![](../PF/Brakhage/TheDead5bs.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/TheDead5b.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/TheDead6as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/TheDead6a.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/TheDead7as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/TheDead7a.jpg) I include several strips below to demonstrate the very rapid montage of *The Dead:* [![](../PF/Brakhage/TheDead1as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/TheDead1a.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/TheDead2c1s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/TheDead2c1.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/TheDead3bs.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/TheDead3b.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/TheDead4as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/TheDead4a.jpg) Frame enlargements from Stan Brakhage's film *The Dead* --- From *The Mammals of Victoria* (1994), the second of the "Vancouver Island films." [![](../PF/Brakhage/Mammals1as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Mammals1a.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Mammals2as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Mammals2a.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Mammals2bs.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Mammals2b.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Mammals1bs.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Mammals1b.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Mammals3s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Mammals3.jpg) Frame enlargements from Stan Brakhage's film *The Mammals of Victoria* --- From *Mothlight* (1963)](../PF/Brakhage/existenceissong3a.jpg) *These images are a bit yellower than images found on some other prints; my print is yellower than most. All prints should have some yellow, reflecting the tape on which the objects were placed. [![](../PF/Brakhage/Mothlight1s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Mothlight1.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Mothlight2s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Mothlight2.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Mothlight3s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Mothlight3.jpg) s[![](../PF/Brakhage/Mothlight4s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Mothlight4.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Mothlight5s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Mothlight5.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Mothlight6s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Mothlight6.jpg) Frame enlargements from Stan Brakhage's film *Mothlight* --- From *[Murder Psalm](http://onfilm.chireader.com/MovieCaps/C/CE/21801_CELEBRATING_STAN_BRAKHAGE_A_SAMPLER.html)* (1981) [![](../PF/Brakhage/MurderPsalm03as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/MurderPsalm03a.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/MurderPsalm04as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/MurderPsalm04a.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/MurderPsalm08as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/MurderPsalm08a.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/MurderPsalm09as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/MurderPsalm09a.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/MurderPsalm11as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/MurderPsalm11a.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/MurderPsalm02s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/MurderPsalm02.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/MurderPsalm05s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/MurderPsalm05.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/MurderPsalm07bs.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/MurderPsalm07b.jpg) Frame enlargements from Stan Brakhage's film *Murder Psalm* --- From *[The Riddle of Lumen](../Brakhage/FC.html#Riddle)* (1972) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Riddle1as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Riddle1a.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Riddle2as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Riddle2a.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Riddle3as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Riddle3a.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Riddle4as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Riddle4a.jpg) Frame enlargements from Stan Brakhage's film *The Riddle of Lumen* --- From *[Visions in Meditation #2](http://spacefinder.chicagoreader.com/movies/capsules/21801_CELEBRATING_STAN_BRAKHAGE_A_SAMPLER.html)* (1989) This film is subtitled *Mesa Verde* [![](../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMII1as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMII1a.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMII2s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMII2.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMII3s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMII3.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMII7s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMII7.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMII9s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMII9.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMII4s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMII4.jpg) Frame enlargements from Stan Brakhage's film *Visions in Meditation #2* --- From *Visions in Meditation #3* (1990) This film is subtitled *Plato's Cave* [![](../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMIII1s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMIII1.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMIII1as.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMIII1a.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMIII4s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMIII4.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMIII6s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMIII6.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMIII7s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/VisionsMIII7.jpg) Frame enlargements from Stan Brakhage's film *Visions in Meditation #3* --- From *Yggdrasill Whose Roots Are Stars in the Human Mind* (1997) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Yggdrasill3s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Yggdrasill3.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Yggdrasill6s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Yggdrasill6.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Yggdrasill1s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Yggdrasill1.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Yggdrasill2s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Yggdrasill2.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Yggdrasill4s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Yggdrasill4.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Yggdrasill5s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Yggdrasill5.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Yggdrasill7s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Yggdrasill7.jpg) [![](../PF/Brakhage/Yggdrasill8s.jpg)](../PF/Brakhage/Yggdrasill8.jpg) Frame enlargements from Stan Brakhage's film *Yggdrasill Whose Roots Are Stars in the Human Mind* --- All images from Brakhage films here are reproduced by permission of the Estate of Stan Brakhage and may not be reproduced elsewhere, including on the Internet, except by permission of [Marilyn Brakhage](mailto:vams@shaw.ca (Marilyn Brakhage)) (email her at vams@shaw.ca). Once permission has been arranged, [email me](mailto:f@fredcamper.com (Fred Camper)) for higher resolution files. --- Descriptions of these and other Brakhage films, provided by Brakhage himself, can be found in the [Brakhage section](http://www.canyoncinema.com/B/Brakhage.html) of the [on-line catalog](http://www.canyoncinema.com/rentsale.html) of [Canyon Cinema](http://www.canyoncinema.com/contents.html) as well as in the ["B" section"](http://www.film-makerscoop.com/catalog/b.html) of the [on-line catalog](http://www.film-makerscoop.com/catalog.htm) of the [Filmmakers Cooperative](http://www.film-makerscoop.com/core.htm). More information on Brakhage can also be found on my [Brakhage links page](BrakhageL.html). --- [Home](../index.html) [Film](../Film/index.html) [My Art](../A/index.html) [Art](../Art/writingA.html) Other: ([Travel](../R/index.html), [Rants](../Rants/index.html), [Obits](../B/index.html)) [Links](../links.html) [About](../about.html) [Contact](../contact.html)*

http://www.fredcamper.com/Film/BrakhageS.html

<!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en"> <head> <title>Hermit Eclipse</title> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/File/Graphics/ecsite/favicon.png" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/File/Styles/eclipse_site.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/File/Styles/css_menu.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/File/Styles/css_tabs.css"> </head> <body>   <div id="sidebar"> <div class='menu'> <ul> <li class='menitem1'><a class=intlink href="/Eclipse"><img src="/File/Graphics/ecsite/HermitEclipse.png" border=0></a></li> <li class='menitem1'><a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/what">What's It About</a></li> <li class='menitem2'><a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/what/lunar">A Lunar Eclipse</a></li> <li class='menitem2'><a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/what/solar">A Solar Eclipse</a></li> <li class='menitem2'><a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/what/observe">Observing</a></li> <li class='menitem2'><a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/what/plan">Plan Ahead</a></li> <li class='menitem2'><a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/what/safety">Eye Safety</a></li> <li class='menitem2'><a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/what/super">Super Moon!</a></li> <li class='menitem1'><a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/when">When Will I See It</a></li> <li class='menitem2'><a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/when/solars">Solar Eclipse List</a></li> <li class='menitem2'><a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/when/lunars">Lunar Eclipse List</a></li> <li class='menitem2'><a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/when/next10">Next 10 Years</a></li> <li class='menitem2'><a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/when/usa">In the USA</a></li> <li class='menitem2'><a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/when/oz">Australia / NZ</a></li> <li class='menitem2'><a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/when/uk">In the UK</a></li> <li class='menitem2'><a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/when/time">What's the Time?</a></li> <li class='menitem1'><a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/why">The Science</a></li> <li class='menitem2'><a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/why/solsys">Earth and Moon</a></li> <li class='menitem2'><a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/why/solar">Solar Eclipses</a></li> <li class='menitem2'><a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/why/lunar">Lunar Eclipses</a></li> <li class='menitem2'><a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/why/cycles">Eclipse Cycles</a></li> <li class='menitem2'><a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/why/months">Lunar Months</a></li> <li class='menitem2'><a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/why/sun">The Sun</a></li> <li class='menitem2'><a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/why/scales">The Solar System</a></li> <li class='menitem1'><a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/lists">Eclipse Database</a></li> <li class='menitem2'><a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/lists/solcat">Full Solar Catalog</a></li> <li class='menitem2'><a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/lists/luncat">Full Lunar Catalog</a></li> <li class='menitem2'><a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/lists/allcat">Combined Catalog</a></li> <li class='menitem2'><a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/lists/historic">Historic Eclipses</a></li> <li class='menitem2'><a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/search">Eclipse Search</a></li> <li class='menitem2'><a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/stats">Eclipse Statistics</a></li> <li class='menitem2'><a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/astro/calendar">Moon Data Tables</a></li> <li class='menitem1'><a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/site">About The Site</a></li> <li class='menitem2'><a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/site/prefs">Your Preferences</a></li> <li class='menitem2'><a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/site/contact">Contact Us</a></li> <li class='menitem2'><a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/site/new">What's New</a></li> <li class='menitem2'><a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/site/copyright">Copyright</a></li> </ul> </div>   <div id=prefbox> <b>Timezone:</b><br/>   Default (UT)<br/> <p/><a class=linkbutton href="/Eclipse/site/prefs">Preferences</a> </div> </div>    <div id="header"> <div class="title eclipse home"> <dl style="clear: both;"><dt> <a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/eclipse/2024_03_25"><div class="imfloatright"> <img class="imfloatright" src="/File/Graphics/ecicons/lunar_pen.jpeg" border=0></div> </a><h3>Next eclipse:</h3> <b><a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/eclipse/2024_03_25">25 Mar, 2024 AD — Penumbral Lunar Eclipse</a></b> in 12 weeks</dt> <dd> At maximum eclipse, 96% of the Moon's disc will be partially shaded by the Earth, which will cause a slight shadow gradient across its disc; this subtle effect may be visible to careful observers. No part of the Moon will be in complete shadow. The eclipse will last 4 hours and 39 minutes overall, and will be visible from far eastern Asia and Australia, the Americas, and western Europe and Africa. </dd> </dl> <h3><a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/what/plan">Plan Ahead</a> For:</h3> <dl style="clear: both;"><dt> <a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/eclipse/2024_04_08"><div class="imfloatright"> <img class="imfloatright" src="/File/Graphics/ecicons/diamond_tiny.jpeg" border=0></div> </a><b><a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/eclipse/2024_04_08">8 Apr, 2024 AD — Total Solar Eclipse</a></b></dt> <dd> Total eclipse visible across north-west Mexico, the U.S. from Texas to Maine, and maritime Canada. Partial eclipse visible over almost all of North America. </dd> </dl> <p>For a full list of upcoming eclipses, see <a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/when/next10">The Next 10 Years</a>.</p> </div> </div>    <div id="body"> <div align=center><h1>Welcome to Hermit Eclipse!</h1></div> <table id=box_holder> <tr> <td> <div class="homebox what"> <a class=quietlink href="/Eclipse/what"><h1 class="title what">What It Is</h1></a> An eclipse happens when either the new Moon blots out the Sun during the day; or the Full Moon moves into the Earth's shadow at night. In the <a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/what">What's It About section</a> you can learn what eclipses are all about, and how to observe them safely. </div> </td> <td> <div class="homebox when"> <a class=quietlink href="/Eclipse/when"><h1 class="title when">When Can I see One</h1></a> The most spectacular eclipses are also the hardest to find. The <a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/when">When Will I See It section</a> has information and maps on 5,000 years of eclipses, including special pages on eclipses in the UK and US. </div> </td> </tr><tr> <td> <div class="homebox why"> <a class=quietlink href="/Eclipse/why"><h1 class="title why">Eclipse Science</h1></a> The mechanics behind eclipses are a little involved, but not too complex. The <a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/why">Science section</a> explains the science from a few different viewpoints, and provides some background on the Sun. </div> </td> <td> <div class="homebox lists"> <a class=quietlink href="/Eclipse/lists"><h1 class="title lists">Eclipse Database</h1></a> You can find out how to access 5,000 years of eclipse pages in the <a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/lists">Eclipse Database section</a>, which provides access to the full catalog, as well as special lists of historic eclipses, and a compendium of eclipse statistics. </div> </td> </tr><tr> <td colspan=2> <div class="homebox site"> <a class=quietlink href="/Eclipse/site"><h1 class="title site">The Hermit Eclipse Site</h1></a> Help and information about this website, and information on where we get our data, can be found in the <a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/site">About the Site section</a>. </div> </td> </tr> </table> </div>    <div id="pagetail"> </div>    <div id="footer"> <table id=foottable><tr><td id=copy> <a class=intlink href="/Eclipse/site/copyright">Copyright (C)</a> 1998-2023 Ian Cameron Smith. Text: 20 Jun 2018. <br /><a class=extlink href="https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse.html" target="_blank">Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA's GSFC</a><br /> 12321 visits since 2023-03-19. Last modified: 2019-10-01 20:35:20 UTC. </td><td id=attribs> 2023-12-27 08:46:52 UTC; proc: 5.59ms hits 0 misses 1 <br />Cache Expires: 2023-12-27 08:47:52 UTC<br />Browser Expires: 2023-12-27 08:47:52 UTC</td></tr></table> </div>    </body> </html>

Hermit Eclipse * [![](/File/Graphics/ecsite/HermitEclipse.png)](/Eclipse) * [What's It About](/Eclipse/what) * [A Lunar Eclipse](/Eclipse/what/lunar) * [A Solar Eclipse](/Eclipse/what/solar) * [Observing](/Eclipse/what/observe) * [Plan Ahead](/Eclipse/what/plan) * [Eye Safety](/Eclipse/what/safety) * [Super Moon!](/Eclipse/what/super) * [When Will I See It](/Eclipse/when) * [Solar Eclipse List](/Eclipse/when/solars) * [Lunar Eclipse List](/Eclipse/when/lunars) * [Next 10 Years](/Eclipse/when/next10) * [In the USA](/Eclipse/when/usa) * [Australia / NZ](/Eclipse/when/oz) * [In the UK](/Eclipse/when/uk) * [What's the Time?](/Eclipse/when/time) * [The Science](/Eclipse/why) * [Earth and Moon](/Eclipse/why/solsys) * [Solar Eclipses](/Eclipse/why/solar) * [Lunar Eclipses](/Eclipse/why/lunar) * [Eclipse Cycles](/Eclipse/why/cycles) * [Lunar Months](/Eclipse/why/months) * [The Sun](/Eclipse/why/sun) * [The Solar System](/Eclipse/why/scales) * [Eclipse Database](/Eclipse/lists) * [Full Solar Catalog](/Eclipse/lists/solcat) * [Full Lunar Catalog](/Eclipse/lists/luncat) * [Combined Catalog](/Eclipse/lists/allcat) * [Historic Eclipses](/Eclipse/lists/historic) * [Eclipse Search](/Eclipse/search) * [Eclipse Statistics](/Eclipse/stats) * [Moon Data Tables](/Eclipse/astro/calendar) * [About The Site](/Eclipse/site) * [Your Preferences](/Eclipse/site/prefs) * [Contact Us](/Eclipse/site/contact) * [What's New](/Eclipse/site/new) * [Copyright](/Eclipse/site/copyright) **Timezone:** Default (UT) [Preferences](/Eclipse/site/prefs) [![](/File/Graphics/ecicons/lunar_pen.jpeg)](/Eclipse/eclipse/2024_03_25)### Next eclipse: **[25 Mar, 2024 AD — Penumbral Lunar Eclipse](/Eclipse/eclipse/2024_03_25)** in 12 weeks At maximum eclipse, 96% of the Moon's disc will be partially shaded by the Earth, which will cause a slight shadow gradient across its disc; this subtle effect may be visible to careful observers. No part of the Moon will be in complete shadow. The eclipse will last 4 hours and 39 minutes overall, and will be visible from far eastern Asia and Australia, the Americas, and western Europe and Africa. ### [Plan Ahead](/Eclipse/what/plan) For: [![](/File/Graphics/ecicons/diamond_tiny.jpeg)](/Eclipse/eclipse/2024_04_08)**[8 Apr, 2024 AD — Total Solar Eclipse](/Eclipse/eclipse/2024_04_08)** Total eclipse visible across north-west Mexico, the U.S. from Texas to Maine, and maritime Canada. Partial eclipse visible over almost all of North America. For a full list of upcoming eclipses, see [The Next 10 Years](/Eclipse/when/next10). # Welcome to Hermit Eclipse! | | | | --- | --- | | [What It Is](/Eclipse/what) An eclipse happens when either the new Moon blots out the Sun during the day; or the Full Moon moves into the Earth's shadow at night. In the [What's It About section](/Eclipse/what) you can learn what eclipses are all about, and how to observe them safely. | [When Can I see One](/Eclipse/when) The most spectacular eclipses are also the hardest to find. The [When Will I See It section](/Eclipse/when) has information and maps on 5,000 years of eclipses, including special pages on eclipses in the UK and US. | | [Eclipse Science](/Eclipse/why) The mechanics behind eclipses are a little involved, but not too complex. The [Science section](/Eclipse/why) explains the science from a few different viewpoints, and provides some background on the Sun. | [Eclipse Database](/Eclipse/lists) You can find out how to access 5,000 years of eclipse pages in the [Eclipse Database section](/Eclipse/lists), which provides access to the full catalog, as well as special lists of historic eclipses, and a compendium of eclipse statistics. | | [The Hermit Eclipse Site](/Eclipse/site) Help and information about this website, and information on where we get our data, can be found in the [About the Site section](/Eclipse/site). | | | | | --- | --- | | [Copyright (C)](/Eclipse/site/copyright) 1998-2023 Ian Cameron Smith. Text: 20 Jun 2018. [Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA's GSFC](https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse.html) 12321 visits since 2023-03-19. Last modified: 2019-10-01 20:35:20 UTC. | 2023-12-27 08:46:52 UTC; proc: 5.59ms hits 0 misses 1 Cache Expires: 2023-12-27 08:47:52 UTCBrowser Expires: 2023-12-27 08:47:52 UTC |

https://moonblink.info/Eclipse

<html><head><title>Movie-A-Minute</title></head> <body bgcolor="white" text="black"> <center> <table cellpadding='3' cellspacing='0'><tr><td align='center'> <center> <script type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://tags.expo9.exponential.com/tags/RinkWorks/ROS/tags.js"></script> </center>  </td></tr><tr><td align='center'><div style='width: 728px; height: 15px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden;'><script type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"></script> </div></td></tr></table><table cellpadding='1' cellspacing='0' width='100%'><tr><td bgcolor='#ccddff'><table cellpadding='0' cellspacing='0' width='100%'><tr><td align='left'><font size='-1'> <a href='http://www.rinkworks.com/' style='text-decoration: none'><font color='#3333aa'><b>Main</b></font></a>      <a href='http://www.rinkworks.com/guide/' style='text-decoration: none'><font color='#3333aa'><b>Site Guide</b></font></a>    </font></td></tr><tr><td colspan='2' align='center'><font color='#aa6033' size='-2'><b></b></font></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></center> <center> <p><img src="im/mminbnnr.gif" alt="Movie-A-Minute"><p> <b>Don't have time to watch it all?</b><p></center> <font size='-1'> Let's face it. There's a lot of movies out there and very little time to watch them in. Well sit back and relax, because your troubles are solved! We here at <em>Movie-A-Minute</em> have come up with a solution. We've taken several classic and contemporary movies and extracted the important stuff, cutting out all the filler. (You'd be surprised how much filler there is sometimes.) With our ultra-condensed versions of your favorite films, you can experience whole movies in just one minute! As an added bonus, <em>Movie-A-Minute</em> protects against torture by bad movies -- if you don't have to sit through them, well, you don't have to sit through them.<p> "That's nice," you say, "but I don't believe you." Yah hah, skeptical soul! We've got our collection of ultra-condensed movies right here! We've got everything from <em>Gone With the Wind</em> to <em>Die Hard</em>! See for yourself!</font><p> <p align=right> <a href="/"><img src="/im/rinkicon.gif" border=0 alt="RinkWorks"></a> </p><hr><p> <center> <table align='right'><tr><td align='center'> <center> <script type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://tags.expo9.exponential.com/tags/RinkWorks/ROS/tags.js"></script> </center>  </td></tr></table></center> <center> <h2>The Ultra-Condensed Movies</h2><p> </center> <ul> <li> <a href="m/allabouteve.shtml">All About Eve</a>, directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz, 1950. <li> <a href="m/alteredstates.shtml">Altered States</a>, directed by Ken Russell, 1980. <li> <a href="m/analyzethis.shtml">Analyze This</a>, directed by Harold Ramis, 1999. <li> <a href="m/angels.shtml">Angels In the Outfield</a>, directed by William Dear, 1994. <li> <a href="m/armageddon.shtml">Armageddon</a>, directed by Michael Bay, 1998. <li> <a href="m/batmanandrobin.shtml">Batman and Robin</a>, directed by Joel Schumacher, 1997. <li> <a href="m/bicyclethief.shtml">The Bicycle Thief</a>, directed by Vittorio De Sica, 1948. <li> <a href="m/blairwitch.shtml">The Blair Witch Project</a>, directed by Daniel Myrick and Eduardo Sanchez, 1999. <li> <a href="m/bluestreak.shtml">Blue Streak</a>, directed by Les Mayfield, 1999. <li> <a href="m/bonecollector.shtml">The Bone Collector</a>, directed by Phillip Noyce, 1999. <li> <a href="m/bramstokersdracula.shtml">Bram Stoker's Dracula</a>, directed by Francis Ford Coppola, 1992. <li> <a href="m/bridgekwai.shtml">The Bridge On the River Kwai</a>, directed by David Lean, 1957. <li> <a href="m/casablanca.shtml">Casablanca</a>, directed by Michael Curtiz, 1942. <li> <a href="m/chariotsoffire.shtml">Chariots of Fire</a>, directed by Hugh Hudson, 1981. <li> <a href="m/kane.shtml">Citizen Kane</a>, directed by Orson Welles, 1941. <li> <a href="m/cityslickers.shtml">City Slickers</a>, directed by Ron Underwood, 1991. <li> <a href="m/clockwork.shtml">A Clockwork Orange</a>, directed by Stanley Kubrick, 1971. <li> <a href="m/closeencounters.shtml">Close Encounters of the Third Kind</a>, directed by Steven Spielberg, 1977. <li> <a href="m/dayaftertomorrow.shtml">The Day After Tomorrow</a>, directed by Roland Emmerich, 2004. <li> <a href="m/daylight.shtml">Daylight</a>, directed by Rob Cohen, 1996. <li> <a href="m/deepimpact.shtml">Deep Impact</a>, directed by Mimi Leder, 1998. <li> <a href="m/desperado.shtml">Desperado</a>, directed by Robert Rodriguez, 1995. <li> <a href="m/diehard.shtml">Die Hard</a>, directed by John McTiernan, 1988. <li> <a href="m/doom.shtml">Doom</a>, directed by Andrzej Bartkowiak, 2005. <li> <a href="m/strangelove.shtml">Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned To Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb</a>, directed by Stanley Kubrick, 1964. <li> <a href="m/empirestrikesback.shtml">The Empire Strikes Back</a>, directed by Irvin Kershner, 1980. <li> <a href="m/enemystate.shtml">Enemy of the State</a>, directed by Tony Scott, 1998. <li> <a href="m/englishman.shtml">The Englishman Who Went Up a Hill But Came Down a Mountain</a>, directed by Christopher Monger, 1995. <li> <a href="m/erinbrockovich.shtml">Erin Brockovich</a>, directed by Steven Soderbergh, 2000. <li> <a href="m/errandboy.shtml">The Errand Boy</a>, directed by Jerry Lewis, 1961. <li> <a href="m/everyonesays.shtml">Everyone Says I Love You</a>, directed by Woody Allen, 1996. <li> <a href="m/existenz.shtml">eXistenZ</a>, directed by David Cronenberg, 1999. <li> <a href="m/faceoff.shtml">Face/Off</a>, directed by John Woo, 1997. <li> <a href="m/fortapache.shtml">Fort Apache</a>, directed by John Ford, 1948. <li> <a href="m/fourweddings.shtml">Four Weddings and a Funeral</a>, directed by Mike Newell, 1994. <li> <a href="m/frankenstein.shtml">Frankenstein</a>, directed by James Whale, 1931. <li> <a href="m/fromdusk.shtml">From Dusk Till Dawn</a>, directed by Robert Rodriguez, 1996. <li> <a href="m/fugitive.shtml">The Fugitive</a>, directed by Andrew Davis, 1993. <li> <a href="m/gandhi.shtml">Gandhi</a>, directed by Richard Attenborough, 1982. <li> <a href="m/getrich.shtml">Get Rich Or Die Tryin'</a>, directed by Jim Sheridan, 2005. <li> <a href="m/glengarry.shtml">Glengarry Glen Ross</a>, directed by James Foley, 1992. <li> <a href="m/godfather.shtml">The Godfather</a>, directed by Francis Ford Coppola, 1972. <li> <a href="m/godzilla.shtml">Godzilla</a>, directed by Roland Emmerich, 1998. <li> <a href="m/gonewind.shtml">Gone With the Wind</a>, directed by Victor Fleming, 1939. <li> <a href="m/goodwillhunting.shtml">Good Will Hunting</a>, directed by Gus Van Sant, 1997. <li> <a href="m/grease.shtml">Grease</a>, directed by Randal Kleiser, 1978. <li> <a href="m/grosse.shtml">Grosse Pointe Blank</a>, directed by George Armitage, 1997. <li> <a href="m/hitch.shtml">Hitch</a>, directed by Andy Tennant, 2005. <li> <a href="m/horatio.shtml">The Horatio Hornblower Series</a>, directed by Andrew Grieve, 1998-1999. <li> <a href="m/horsewhisperer.shtml">The Horse Whisperer</a>, directed by Robert Redford, 1998. <li> <a href="m/hours.shtml">The Hours</a>, directed by Stephen Daldry, 2002. <li> <a href="m/inloveandwar.shtml">In Love and War</a>, directed by Richard Attenborough, 1996. <li> <a href="m/interview.shtml">Interview With the Vampire</a>, directed by Neil Jordan, 1994. <li> <a href="m/wonderfullife.shtml">It's a Wonderful Life</a>, directed by Frank Capra, 1946. <li> <a href="m/jaws.shtml">Jaws</a>, directed by Steven Spielberg, 1975. <li> <a href="m/jerrymaguire.shtml">Jerry Maguire</a>, directed by Cameron Crowe, 1996. <li> <a href="m/jfk.shtml">JFK</a>, directed by Oliver Stone, 1991. <li> <a href="m/killer.shtml">The Killer</a>, directed by John Woo, 1989. <li> <a href="m/kingkong.shtml">King Kong</a>, directed by Merian C. Cooper and Ernest B. Schoedsack, 1933. <li> <a href="m/lawsofattraction.shtml">The Laws of Attraction</a>, directed by Peter Howitt, 2004. <li> <a href="m/lionking.shtml">The Lion King</a>, directed by Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff, 1994. <li> <a href="m/lostintranslation.shtml">Lost In Translation</a>, directed by Sofia Coppola, 2003. <li> <a href="m/lostworld.shtml">The Lost World: Jurassic Park</a>, directed by Steven Spielberg, 1997. <li> <a href="m/davidlynch.shtml">The Films of David Lynch</a>. <li> <a href="m/marvinsroom.shtml">Marvin's Room</a>, directed by Jerry Zaks, 1996. <li> <a href="m/maskzorro.shtml">The Mask of Zorro</a>, directed by Martin Campbell, 1998. <li> <a href="m/matrix.shtml">The Matrix</a>, directed by Andy and Larry Wachowski, 1999. <li> <a href="m/mi2.shtml">Mission: Impossible 2</a>, directed by John Woo, 2000. <li> <a href="m/mortalkombat.shtml">Mortal Kombat</a>, directed by Paul Anderson, 1995. <li> <a href="m/mrsmith.shtml">Mr. Smith Goes To Washington</a>, directed by Frank Capra, 1939. <li> <a href="m/mybestfriends.shtml">My Best Friend's Wedding</a>, directed by P. J. Hogan, 1997. <li> <a href="m/mydinner.shtml">My Dinner With Andre</a>, directed by Louis Malle, 1981. <li> <a href="m/thenet.shtml">The Net</a>, directed by Irwin Winkler, 1995. <li> <a href="m/ninemonths.shtml">Nine Months</a>, directed by Chris Columbus, 1995. <li> <a href="m/nottinghill.shtml">Notting Hill</a>, directed by Roger Michell, 1999. <li> <a href="m/odyssey.shtml">The Odyssey</a>, directed by Andrei Konchalovsky, 1997. <li> <a href="m/onefineday.shtml">One Fine Day</a>, directed by Michael Hoffman, 1996. <li> <a href="m/patchadams.shtml">Patch Adams</a>, directed by Tom Shadyac, 1998. <li> <a href="m/patton.shtml">Patton</a>, directed by Franklin J. Schaffner, 1970. <li> <a href="m/payback.shtml">Payback</a>, directed by Brian Helgeland, 1999. <li> <a href="m/postman.shtml">The Postman</a>, directed by Kevin Costner, 1997. <li> <a href="m/practicalmagic.shtml">Practical Magic</a>, directed by Griffin Dunne, 1998. <li> <a href="m/prettywoman.shtml">Pretty Woman</a>, directed by Garry Marshall, 1990. <li> <a href="m/professional.shtml">The Professional</a>, directed by Luc Besson, 1994. <li> <a href="m/replacement.shtml">The Replacement Killers</a>, directed by Antoine Fuqua, 1998. <li> <a href="m/reservoir.shtml">Reservoir Dogs</a>, directed by Quentin Tarantino, 1992. <li> <a href="m/returnjedi.shtml">Return of the Jedi</a>, directed by Richard Marquand, 1983. <li> <a href="m/rocky.shtml">The Rocky Series</a>, directed by John G. Avildsen and Sylvester Stallone, 1976-1990. <li> <a href="m/romancing.shtml">Romancing the Stone</a>, directed by Robert Zemeckis, 1984. <li> <a href="m/ronin.shtml">Ronin</a>, directed by John Frankenheimer, 1998. <li> <a href="m/sixthsense.shtml">The Sixth Sense</a>, directed by M. Night Shyamalan, 1999. <li> <a href="m/sleepless.shtml">Sleepless In Seattle</a>, directed by Nora Ephron, 1993. <li> <a href="m/sleepyhollow.shtml">Sleepy Hollow</a>, directed by Tim Burton, 1999. <li> <a href="m/speed.shtml">Speed</a>, directed by Jan de Bont, 1994. <li> <a href="m/storyofus.shtml">The Story of Us</a>, directed by Rob Reiner, 1999. <li> <a href="m/stuartlittle.shtml">Stuart Little</a>, directed by Rob Minkoff, 1999. <li> <a href="m/tarzan.shtml">The Tarzan Movies</a>, directed by various, 1918-Present. <li> <a href="m/taxidriver.shtml">Taxi Driver</a>, directed by Martin Scorsese, 1976. <li> <a href="m/thinredline.shtml">The Thin Red Line</a>, directed by Terence Malick, 1998. <li> <a href="m/thirteen.shtml">Thirteen</a>, directed by Catherine Hardwicke, 2003. <li> <a href="m/titanic.shtml">Titanic</a>, directed by James Cameron, 1997. <li> <a href="m/topgun.shtml">Top Gun</a>, directed by Tony Scott, 1986. <li> <a href="m/twelveangrymen.shtml">Twelve Angry Men</a>, directed by Sidney Lumet, 1957. <li> <a href="m/usualsuspects.shtml">The Usual Suspects</a>, directed by Bryan Singer, 1995. <li> <a href="m/verticallimit.shtml">Vertical Limit</a>, directed by Martin Campbell, 2000. <li> <a href="m/warroses.shtml">The War of the Roses</a>, directed by Danny DeVito, 1989. <li> <a href="m/harrysally.shtml">When Harry Met Sally...</a>, directed by Rob Reiner, 1989. <li> <a href="m/wildthings.shtml">Wild Things</a>, directed by John McNaughton, 1998. <li> <a href="m/wimbledon.shtml">Wimbledon</a>, directed by Richard Loncraine, 2004. <li> <a href="m/youvegotmail.shtml">You've Got Mail</a>, directed by Nora Ephron, 1998. </ul> <p><hr><p> <center><h4>If you liked <em>Movie-A-Minute</em>, try our companion site:</h4><p> <a href="/bookaminute/"><img src="/bookaminute/im/bookline.gif" alt="Book-A-Minute" border=0></a></center><p> <hr><p> <center><h4>RinkWorks</h4></center><p> <em>Movie-A-Minute</em> is a <a href="/"><em>RinkWorks</em></a> production. We invite you to <a href="/">visit our other features</a>.<p> <center><h4>Talk Back</h4></center><p> Talk to us! We live to hear feedback from our readers. So feel free to <a href="mailto:sam@rinkworks.com">send email</a>. Please <a href="submissions.shtml">read this before you send your own condensed movies</a>. And please <a href="before.shtml">read this before you flame us</a>.<p> <center><h4>Legalese</h4></center><p> Titles and trademarks are the property of their owners. The original material at this site is Copyright &#169 1998-2006 by Samuel Stoddard. <p><hr> <center> <table cellpadding='3' cellspacing='0'><tr><td align='center'><div style='width: 468px; height: 15px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden;'><script type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"></script> </div></td></tr><tr><td align='center'><div style='width: 300px; height: 250px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden;'> <center> <script type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://tags.expo9.exponential.com/tags/RinkWorks/ROS/tags.js"></script> </center>  </div></td><td align='center'><div style='width: 200px; height: 90px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: top;'><script type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"></script> </div></td></tr></table></center> </body></html>

Movie-A-Minute | | | --- | |  | |  | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | | | | --- | | [**Main**](http://www.rinkworks.com/) [**Site Guide**](http://www.rinkworks.com/guide/) | | | | ![Movie-A-Minute](im/mminbnnr.gif) **Don't have time to watch it all?** Let's face it. There's a lot of movies out there and very little time to watch them in. Well sit back and relax, because your troubles are solved! We here at *Movie-A-Minute* have come up with a solution. We've taken several classic and contemporary movies and extracted the important stuff, cutting out all the filler. (You'd be surprised how much filler there is sometimes.) With our ultra-condensed versions of your favorite films, you can experience whole movies in just one minute! As an added bonus, *Movie-A-Minute* protects against torture by bad movies -- if you don't have to sit through them, well, you don't have to sit through them. "That's nice," you say, "but I don't believe you." Yah hah, skeptical soul! We've got our collection of ultra-condensed movies right here! We've got everything from *Gone With the Wind* to *Die Hard*! See for yourself! [![RinkWorks](/im/rinkicon.gif)](/) --- | | | --- | |  | ## The Ultra-Condensed Movies * [All About Eve](m/allabouteve.shtml), directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz, 1950. * [Altered States](m/alteredstates.shtml), directed by Ken Russell, 1980. * [Analyze This](m/analyzethis.shtml), directed by Harold Ramis, 1999. * [Angels In the Outfield](m/angels.shtml), directed by William Dear, 1994. * [Armageddon](m/armageddon.shtml), directed by Michael Bay, 1998. * [Batman and Robin](m/batmanandrobin.shtml), directed by Joel Schumacher, 1997. * [The Bicycle Thief](m/bicyclethief.shtml), directed by Vittorio De Sica, 1948. * [The Blair Witch Project](m/blairwitch.shtml), directed by Daniel Myrick and Eduardo Sanchez, 1999. * [Blue Streak](m/bluestreak.shtml), directed by Les Mayfield, 1999. * [The Bone Collector](m/bonecollector.shtml), directed by Phillip Noyce, 1999. * [Bram Stoker's Dracula](m/bramstokersdracula.shtml), directed by Francis Ford Coppola, 1992. * [The Bridge On the River Kwai](m/bridgekwai.shtml), directed by David Lean, 1957. * [Casablanca](m/casablanca.shtml), directed by Michael Curtiz, 1942. * [Chariots of Fire](m/chariotsoffire.shtml), directed by Hugh Hudson, 1981. * [Citizen Kane](m/kane.shtml), directed by Orson Welles, 1941. * [City Slickers](m/cityslickers.shtml), directed by Ron Underwood, 1991. * [A Clockwork Orange](m/clockwork.shtml), directed by Stanley Kubrick, 1971. * [Close Encounters of the Third Kind](m/closeencounters.shtml), directed by Steven Spielberg, 1977. * [The Day After Tomorrow](m/dayaftertomorrow.shtml), directed by Roland Emmerich, 2004. * [Daylight](m/daylight.shtml), directed by Rob Cohen, 1996. * [Deep Impact](m/deepimpact.shtml), directed by Mimi Leder, 1998. * [Desperado](m/desperado.shtml), directed by Robert Rodriguez, 1995. * [Die Hard](m/diehard.shtml), directed by John McTiernan, 1988. * [Doom](m/doom.shtml), directed by Andrzej Bartkowiak, 2005. * [Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned To Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb](m/strangelove.shtml), directed by Stanley Kubrick, 1964. * [The Empire Strikes Back](m/empirestrikesback.shtml), directed by Irvin Kershner, 1980. * [Enemy of the State](m/enemystate.shtml), directed by Tony Scott, 1998. * [The Englishman Who Went Up a Hill But Came Down a Mountain](m/englishman.shtml), directed by Christopher Monger, 1995. * [Erin Brockovich](m/erinbrockovich.shtml), directed by Steven Soderbergh, 2000. * [The Errand Boy](m/errandboy.shtml), directed by Jerry Lewis, 1961. * [Everyone Says I Love You](m/everyonesays.shtml), directed by Woody Allen, 1996. * [eXistenZ](m/existenz.shtml), directed by David Cronenberg, 1999. * [Face/Off](m/faceoff.shtml), directed by John Woo, 1997. * [Fort Apache](m/fortapache.shtml), directed by John Ford, 1948. * [Four Weddings and a Funeral](m/fourweddings.shtml), directed by Mike Newell, 1994. * [Frankenstein](m/frankenstein.shtml), directed by James Whale, 1931. * [From Dusk Till Dawn](m/fromdusk.shtml), directed by Robert Rodriguez, 1996. * [The Fugitive](m/fugitive.shtml), directed by Andrew Davis, 1993. * [Gandhi](m/gandhi.shtml), directed by Richard Attenborough, 1982. * [Get Rich Or Die Tryin'](m/getrich.shtml), directed by Jim Sheridan, 2005. * [Glengarry Glen Ross](m/glengarry.shtml), directed by James Foley, 1992. * [The Godfather](m/godfather.shtml), directed by Francis Ford Coppola, 1972. * [Godzilla](m/godzilla.shtml), directed by Roland Emmerich, 1998. * [Gone With the Wind](m/gonewind.shtml), directed by Victor Fleming, 1939. * [Good Will Hunting](m/goodwillhunting.shtml), directed by Gus Van Sant, 1997. * [Grease](m/grease.shtml), directed by Randal Kleiser, 1978. * [Grosse Pointe Blank](m/grosse.shtml), directed by George Armitage, 1997. * [Hitch](m/hitch.shtml), directed by Andy Tennant, 2005. * [The Horatio Hornblower Series](m/horatio.shtml), directed by Andrew Grieve, 1998-1999. * [The Horse Whisperer](m/horsewhisperer.shtml), directed by Robert Redford, 1998. * [The Hours](m/hours.shtml), directed by Stephen Daldry, 2002. * [In Love and War](m/inloveandwar.shtml), directed by Richard Attenborough, 1996. * [Interview With the Vampire](m/interview.shtml), directed by Neil Jordan, 1994. * [It's a Wonderful Life](m/wonderfullife.shtml), directed by Frank Capra, 1946. * [Jaws](m/jaws.shtml), directed by Steven Spielberg, 1975. * [Jerry Maguire](m/jerrymaguire.shtml), directed by Cameron Crowe, 1996. * [JFK](m/jfk.shtml), directed by Oliver Stone, 1991. * [The Killer](m/killer.shtml), directed by John Woo, 1989. * [King Kong](m/kingkong.shtml), directed by Merian C. Cooper and Ernest B. Schoedsack, 1933. * [The Laws of Attraction](m/lawsofattraction.shtml), directed by Peter Howitt, 2004. * [The Lion King](m/lionking.shtml), directed by Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff, 1994. * [Lost In Translation](m/lostintranslation.shtml), directed by Sofia Coppola, 2003. * [The Lost World: Jurassic Park](m/lostworld.shtml), directed by Steven Spielberg, 1997. * [The Films of David Lynch](m/davidlynch.shtml). * [Marvin's Room](m/marvinsroom.shtml), directed by Jerry Zaks, 1996. * [The Mask of Zorro](m/maskzorro.shtml), directed by Martin Campbell, 1998. * [The Matrix](m/matrix.shtml), directed by Andy and Larry Wachowski, 1999. * [Mission: Impossible 2](m/mi2.shtml), directed by John Woo, 2000. * [Mortal Kombat](m/mortalkombat.shtml), directed by Paul Anderson, 1995. * [Mr. Smith Goes To Washington](m/mrsmith.shtml), directed by Frank Capra, 1939. * [My Best Friend's Wedding](m/mybestfriends.shtml), directed by P. J. Hogan, 1997. * [My Dinner With Andre](m/mydinner.shtml), directed by Louis Malle, 1981. * [The Net](m/thenet.shtml), directed by Irwin Winkler, 1995. * [Nine Months](m/ninemonths.shtml), directed by Chris Columbus, 1995. * [Notting Hill](m/nottinghill.shtml), directed by Roger Michell, 1999. * [The Odyssey](m/odyssey.shtml), directed by Andrei Konchalovsky, 1997. * [One Fine Day](m/onefineday.shtml), directed by Michael Hoffman, 1996. * [Patch Adams](m/patchadams.shtml), directed by Tom Shadyac, 1998. * [Patton](m/patton.shtml), directed by Franklin J. Schaffner, 1970. * [Payback](m/payback.shtml), directed by Brian Helgeland, 1999. * [The Postman](m/postman.shtml), directed by Kevin Costner, 1997. * [Practical Magic](m/practicalmagic.shtml), directed by Griffin Dunne, 1998. * [Pretty Woman](m/prettywoman.shtml), directed by Garry Marshall, 1990. * [The Professional](m/professional.shtml), directed by Luc Besson, 1994. * [The Replacement Killers](m/replacement.shtml), directed by Antoine Fuqua, 1998. * [Reservoir Dogs](m/reservoir.shtml), directed by Quentin Tarantino, 1992. * [Return of the Jedi](m/returnjedi.shtml), directed by Richard Marquand, 1983. * [The Rocky Series](m/rocky.shtml), directed by John G. Avildsen and Sylvester Stallone, 1976-1990. * [Romancing the Stone](m/romancing.shtml), directed by Robert Zemeckis, 1984. * [Ronin](m/ronin.shtml), directed by John Frankenheimer, 1998. * [The Sixth Sense](m/sixthsense.shtml), directed by M. Night Shyamalan, 1999. * [Sleepless In Seattle](m/sleepless.shtml), directed by Nora Ephron, 1993. * [Sleepy Hollow](m/sleepyhollow.shtml), directed by Tim Burton, 1999. * [Speed](m/speed.shtml), directed by Jan de Bont, 1994. * [The Story of Us](m/storyofus.shtml), directed by Rob Reiner, 1999. * [Stuart Little](m/stuartlittle.shtml), directed by Rob Minkoff, 1999. * [The Tarzan Movies](m/tarzan.shtml), directed by various, 1918-Present. * [Taxi Driver](m/taxidriver.shtml), directed by Martin Scorsese, 1976. * [The Thin Red Line](m/thinredline.shtml), directed by Terence Malick, 1998. * [Thirteen](m/thirteen.shtml), directed by Catherine Hardwicke, 2003. * [Titanic](m/titanic.shtml), directed by James Cameron, 1997. * [Top Gun](m/topgun.shtml), directed by Tony Scott, 1986. * [Twelve Angry Men](m/twelveangrymen.shtml), directed by Sidney Lumet, 1957. * [The Usual Suspects](m/usualsuspects.shtml), directed by Bryan Singer, 1995. * [Vertical Limit](m/verticallimit.shtml), directed by Martin Campbell, 2000. * [The War of the Roses](m/warroses.shtml), directed by Danny DeVito, 1989. * [When Harry Met Sally...](m/harrysally.shtml), directed by Rob Reiner, 1989. * [Wild Things](m/wildthings.shtml), directed by John McNaughton, 1998. * [Wimbledon](m/wimbledon.shtml), directed by Richard Loncraine, 2004. * [You've Got Mail](m/youvegotmail.shtml), directed by Nora Ephron, 1998. --- #### If you liked *Movie-A-Minute*, try our companion site: [![Book-A-Minute](/bookaminute/im/bookline.gif)](/bookaminute/) --- #### RinkWorks *Movie-A-Minute* is a [*RinkWorks*](/) production. 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</td></tr></table> </td></tr></table> <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=600><tr><td> <b><a href="http://www.ing.iac.es">Home</a> > </b><i>Public Information</i></td></tr></table> </center> <style> .hr { height: 0.5px; noshade; margin-top: 10px; } .noHover{ pointer-events: none; } </style> <center> <img vspace=3 src="http://www.ing.iac.es/gifs/line.jpg"> </center> <center>  <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="600" style="border: 0; background-color: #f2f2f2;"><tr valign="bottom"><td valign="middle">   <table border=0><tr><td>Text: </td><td><a href="#" onclick="setActiveStyleSheet('stylesheet'); return false;"><img src="http://www.ing.iac.es/gifs/normal.gif" alt="Normal text" border="0" valign="bottom" class="otra"></a><a href="#" onclick="setActiveStyleSheet('biggersize'); return false;"><img src="http://www.ing.iac.es/gifs/bigger.gif" alt="Bigger tyext" border="0" align="bottom"></a><a href="#" onclick="setActiveStyleSheet('bold'); return false;"><img 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cellspacing="0" border="0"> <tr><td colspan="3" align="center"><img src="PRicon.png" alt="Photo by Babak Tafreshi/Dreamview.net"></td></tr>   <tr><td width=100% colspan=9> <table width=100% bgcolor="white" style="border: 1px solid black;"><tr><td> <center><table><tr><td><center><img src="http://www.ing.iac.es/PR/press/logo_weave_s.png"></td> <td valign=middle><a href="http://c.ing.iac.es/outreach/?weaveall">   <font size=+1><b>WEAVE releases and multimedia </a></td></tr></table> </td></tr></table> </td></tr> <tr><td valign="top" width="50%"> <br><table Cellpadding=0 cellspacing=3 border=0 WIDTH="100%"> <tr> <td BGCOLOR="#000080" style="height: 25px;"> <font color="#FFFF33"> <center><b>General</b></font></td></tr><tr> <td>  <table width=100% cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 bgcolor="#FFFFe6" style="border: 1px solid black;"><tr><td valign=top> <tr><td valign=top> <img width=10 SRC="http://www.ing.iac.es/gifs/emstar1.gif" HSPACE=7> </td><td width="100%" align="left"> <div class="itemright"> <a href="http://www.ing.iac.es/PR/tour/leaflet.html">The Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes.</a> <span style="font-size: 10pt;"></td></tr> <tr><td valign=middle><img width=10 SRC="http://www.ing.iac.es/gifs/emstar1.gif" HSPACE=7></td><td width="100%" align="left"> <a href="http://www.ing.iac.es/PR/wht_info/">The William Herschel Telescope (WHT).</a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td valign=middle><img width=10 SRC="http://www.ing.iac.es/gifs/emstar1.gif" HSPACE=7></td><td width="100%" align="left"> <a href="http://www.ing.iac.es/PR/int_info/">The Isaac Newton Telescope (INT).</a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img width=10 SRC="http://www.ing.iac.es/gifs/emstar1.gif" HSPACE=7> </td><td width="100%" align="left"> <a href="http://www.ing.iac.es/PR/jkt_info/">The Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope (JKT)</a> (information retained for historical interest, the JKT is no longer an ING telescope).<span style="font-size: 10pt;"></td></tr> <tr><td valign=top> <img width=10 SRC="http://www.ing.iac.es/gifs/emstar1.gif" HSPACE=7></td><td width="100%" align="left"> <a href="http://www.ing.iac.es/PR/credits.html">Credits</a>.<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td valign=top> <img width=10 SRC="http://www.ing.iac.es/gifs/emstar1.gif" HSPACE=7></td><td width="100%" align="left"> <a href="https://www.ing.iac.es//PR/chronology.html">Chronology</a>.<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td valign=top> <img width=10 SRC="http://www.ing.iac.es/gifs/emstar1.gif" HSPACE=7></td><td width="100%" align="left"> <a href="http://c.ing.iac.es/outreach/?logos">Logos</a>.<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br></td></tr> </table> </td></tr> </table> </td> <td width=2%> </td> <td valign="top" width="50%"> <br> <table Cellpadding=0 cellspacing=3 border=0 WIDTH="100%"> <td BGCOLOR="#000080" style="height: 25px;"> <font color="#FFFF33"> <center><b>Information Services</font></td></tr><tr> <td>  <table width=100% cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 bgcolor="#FFFFe6" style="border: 1px solid black;"><tr><td valign=top> <tr><td valign=top>   <tr><td valign=top> <img width=10 SRC="http://www.ing.iac.es/gifs/emstar1.gif" HSPACE=7></td><td width="100%" align="left"> Archive of <a href="http://www.ing.iac.es/news.html">ING public releases</a>. <tr><td valign=top> <img width=10 SRC="http://www.ing.iac.es/gifs/emstar1.gif" HSPACE=7></td><td width="100%" align="left"> <a href="http://www.ing.iac.es/PR/press/Press_Releases.html">External releases</a>. <span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img width=10 SRC="http://www.ing.iac.es/gifs/emstar1.gif" HSPACE=7> </td><td width="100%" align="left"> <a href="http://www.ing.iac.es/astronomy/library/archives.html">ING publications</a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> (annual reports, newsletter, etc.).<br></td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img width=10 SRC="http://www.ing.iac.es/gifs/emstar1.gif" HSPACE=7></td><td width="100%" align="left"> <a href="http://www.ing.iac.es/PR/dissemination/question.php">Ask an astronomer!</a> <span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Email an ING astronomer with your question.<br></td></tr> </table> </td></tr> </table></td></tr> <tr><td colspan=3><br></td></tr> <tr><td valign="top"> <table Cellpadding=0 cellspacing=3 border=0 WIDTH="100%"> <tr> <td BGCOLOR="#000080" style="height: 25px;"> <font color="#FFFF33"> <center><b>Multimedia</font> </td></tr><tr> <td valign="top" height="100%">  <table width=100% cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 bgcolor="#FFFFe6" style="border: 1px solid black;"><tr><td valign=top> <tr> <td valign="top" height="100%"><img width=10 SRC="http://www.ing.iac.es/gifs/emstar1.gif" HSPACE=7> </td><td width="100%" align="left" valign="middle"> <a href="http://c.ing.iac.es/outreach/?ph">Photo archive</a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> <br></td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" height="100%"><img width=10 SRC="http://www.ing.iac.es/gifs/emstar1.gif" HSPACE=7> </td><td width="100%" align="left" valign="middle"> <a href="http://c.ing.iac.es/outreach/?vid">Video archive</a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> <br></td></tr> <tr><td valign="top"><img width=10 SRC="http://www.ing.iac.es/gifs/emstar1.gif" HSPACE=7></td><td width="100%" align="left" valign="middle"> <a href="http://www.ing.iac.es/PR/images_index.html">Astronomical images</a> obtained using the ING telescopes<span style="font-size: 10pt;"> for public use. <br></td></tr>  </table> </td></tr> </table></td><td width=5%> </td><td valign="top"> <table Cellpadding=0 cellspacing=3 border=0 WIDTH="100%"> <tr><td BGCOLOR="#000080" style="height: 25px;"> <font color="#FFFF33"> <center><b>The ING Impact</font> </td></tr><tr> <td>  <table width=100% cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 bgcolor="#FFFFe6" style="border: 1px solid black;"><tr><td valign=top> <tr><td valign=top> <img width=10 SRC="http://www.ing.iac.es/gifs/emstar1.gif" HSPACE=7></td> <td width="100%" align="left"> <a href="http://www.ing.iac.es/PR/SH/">Scientific highlights.</a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img width=10 SRC="http://www.ing.iac.es/gifs/emstar1.gif" HSPACE=7></td> <td width="100%" align="left"> <a href="http://www.ing.iac.es/PR/impact.html">Use of observing time and scientific productivity.</a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img width=10 SRC="http://www.ing.iac.es/gifs/emstar1.gif" HSPACE=7></td><td width="100%" align="left"> <a href="http://www.ing.iac.es/PR/clippings/">Press cuttings</a>.<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br></td></tr> </table> </td></tr> </table></td></tr> <tr><td colspan=3><br></td></tr> <tr><td valign="top"> <table Cellpadding=0 cellspacing=3 border=0 WIDTH="100%"> <tr><td BGCOLOR="#000080" style="height: 25px;"> <font color="#FFFF33"> <center><b>Visits and Events</font> </td></tr><tr> <td>  <table width=100% cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 bgcolor="#FFFFe6" style="border: 1px solid black;"><tr><td valign=top> <tr><td valign=top> <img width=10 SRC="http://www.ing.iac.es/gifs/emstar1.gif" HSPACE=7></td> <td width="100%" align="left"> <a href="http://www.ing.iac.es/PR/visits/">Visiting the ING telescopes</a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> <br></td></tr> <tr><td valign=top> <img width=10 SRC="http://www.ing.iac.es/gifs/emstar1.gif" HSPACE=7></td> <td width="100%" align="left"> <a href="https://www.iac.es/en/observatorios-de-canarias/roque-de-los-muchachos-observatory/visits">Visiting the Roque de Los Muchachos Observatory</a>.<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td valign=top> <img width=10 SRC="http://www.ing.iac.es/gifs/emstar1.gif" HSPACE=7></td> <td width="100%" align="left"> <a href="http://www.ing.iac.es/PR/visits/vip.html">Visits to ING - Highlights</a>.<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br></td></tr>   <tr><td valign=top> <img width=10 SRC="http://www.ing.iac.es/gifs/emstar1.gif" HSPACE=7></td> <td><a href="http://www.ing.iac.es/Astronomy/science/events.html">Meetings and events</a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> organised by ING.<br></td></tr> </table> </td></tr> </table></td><td width=5%> </td> <td valign="top"> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=3 border=0 WIDTH="100%"> <tr><td BGCOLOR="#000080" style="height: 25px;"> <font color="#FFFF33"><center><b>Outreach</font> </td></tr><tr> <td>  <table width=100% cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 bgcolor="#FFFFe6" style="border: 1px solid black;"><tr><td valign=top> <tr><td valign=top> <img width=10 SRC="http://www.ing.iac.es/gifs/emstar1.gif" HSPACE=7></td> <td><a href="http://www.lpiya.org/nuestrosalumnos/">Nuestros Alumnos y el Roque de los Muchachos</a><span style="font-size: 10pt;">, our local school programme.<br></td></tr> <tr><td valign=top> <img width=10 SRC="http://www.ing.iac.es/gifs/emstar1.gif" HSPACE=7></td><td width="100%" align="left"> We collaborate with the <a href="http://www.lpiya.org/">LPIYA</a> and <a href="http://www.eno.iac.es/">OPTICON PO</a> groups. <br></td></tr>   <tr><td valign="top" height="100%"> <img width=10 SRC="http://www.ing.iac.es/gifs/emstar1.gif" HSPACE=7></td><td width="100%" align="left"> <a href="http://www.ing.iac.es/PR/dissemination/">Material for public outreach activities.</a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td valign="top" height="100%"> <img width=10 SRC="http://www.ing.iac.es/gifs/emstar1.gif" HSPACE=7></td><td width="100%" align="left"> <a href="http://www.ing.iac.es/PR/targets/">PR targets for observers at ING.</a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br></td></tr>  </table> </td></tr> </table>  </td> </tr>  </table>  <font size=-2> <br><br> </td></tr></table> <center><table border=0 width=600 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0><tr><td> <font face="Arial,helvetica,times"> <font size=-1><a href="#top">Top</a> | <a href="javascript:history.back();">Back</a> </td></tr></table></center> <center><hr WIDTH="600"></center> <center><table WIDTH="600"><tr><td> <table> <tr valign=bottom> <td VALIGN=BOTTOM><img SRC="http://www.ing.iac.es/gifs/wht_small.gif" ></td> <td VALIGN=BOTTOM> <font face="Arial,helvetica,times"> <font size=-1> Contact: <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript1.2"> function scr_adr(){ var a,b,c,d,e,f a='<a class=arclink href=\"mai' // email-link part 1 b='outreach' // address part 1 c='\">' // email-link part 4 a+='lto:' // email-link part 2 b+='@ing.' // address part 2 e='</a>' // email-link part 3 f='Javier Méndez' // substitute email address with this string b+='iac.es' // address part 3 if (f) d=f else d=b document.write(a+b+c+d+e) } scr_adr() //--> </script>  (<i>Public Relations Officer</i>)<br>Last modified: 01 December 2023 </font></font> </td></tr></table> </td></tr></table> </center> </BODY></HTML>

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contacts](https://www.ing.iac.es/about-ING/Contact_points/contacts1.html) | | [Intranet](https://www.ing.iac.es/intranet/) | | [Job opportunities](https://www.ing.iac.es/about-ING/Vacancies/vacancies1.html) | | [Latest news](https://www.ing.iac.es/last.html) | | [Overview](https://www.ing.iac.es/about-ING/Overview/ing_overview.html) | | [Staff](https://www.ing.iac.es/about-ING/Staff/ing_staff.html) | | [Strategy](https://www.ing.iac.es/about-ING/strategy/) | [Astronomy](http://www.ing.iac.es/astronomy/) | | | --- | | | | [Applying for time](https://www.ing.iac.es/astronomy/observing/INGinfo_home.html) | [Object visibility](http://catserver.ing.iac.es/staralt/index.php) | | [Archive](http://casu.ast.cam.ac.uk/casuadc/ingarch/query) | [Observing logs](https://www.ing.iac.es/astronomy/observing/inglogs.php) | | [Computing](https://www.ing.iac.es/astronomy/computing/) | [Override programmes](https://www.ing.iac.es/astronomy/observing/overrides.html) | | [Conferences and meetings](https://www.ing.iac.es/astronomy/science/conferences.html) | [Planning observations](https://www.ing.iac.es/astronomy/planning/) | | [Detectors](https://www.ing.iac.es/engineering/detectors.html) | [Publications](http://catserver.ing.iac.es/biblio/pubs.php) | | [Exposure time calculator](http://catserver.ing.iac.es/signal/) | [Schedules](http://catserver.ing.iac.es/schedules/) | | [Fault reports](http://faultdb.ing.iac.es) | [Seminar programme](https://www.ing.iac.es/astronomy/science/seminars.html) | | [Feedback](http://catserver.ing.iac.es/feedback/) | [Service programme](https://www.ing.iac.es/astronomy/observing/service/) | | [Filters](https://astro.ing.iac.es/filter/) | [Site quality](https://www.ing.iac.es/astronomy/observing/conditions/) | | [[INGNEWS]](https://www.ing.iac.es/PR/email_alerts.html) | [Studentship programme](https://www.ing.iac.es/astronomy/science/studentship.html) | | [Instruments](https://www.ing.iac.es/astronomy/observing/instruments.html) | [Time allocations](https://www.ing.iac.es/astronomy/observing/patt/time.html) | | [Isaac Newton Telescope](https://www.ing.iac.es/Astronomy/telescopes/int/) | [Weather and seeing](http://catserver.ing.iac.es/weather/) | | [Library](https://www.ing.iac.es/astronomy/library/) | [William Herschel Telescope](https://www.ing.iac.es/Astronomy/telescopes/wht/) | Developments | [HARPS-3](https://www.terrahunting.org/harps3.html) | | [WEAVE (astronomy)](https://www.ing.iac.es/astronomy/instruments/weave/weaveinst.html) | | [WEAVE (project)](https://www.ing.iac.es/weave/) | [Public Information](http://www.ing.iac.es/PR/) | | | --- | | | | [Ask an astronomer !](https://www.ing.iac.es/PR/dissemination/question.php) | | [Credits](https://www.ing.iac.es/PR/credits.html) | | [Images](https://www.ing.iac.es/PR/images_index.html) | | [Info INT](https://www.ing.iac.es/PR/int_info/) | | [Info WHT](https://www.ing.iac.es/PR/wht_info/) | | [News](https://www.ing.iac.es/news.html) | | [Photo archive](https://c.ing.iac.es/outreach/?ph) | | [Scientific highlights](https://www.ing.iac.es/PR/SH/) | | [Video archive](https://c.ing.iac.es/outreach/?vid) | | [Virtual tour](https://www.ing.iac.es/PR/tour/leaflet.html) | | [Visiting ING](https://www.ing.iac.es/PR/visits/) | | [Search:](https://www.ing.iac.es/search/) | | | | | | --- | | **[Home](http://www.ing.iac.es) >***Public Information* | .hr { height: 0.5px; noshade; margin-top: 10px; } .noHover{ pointer-events: none; } ![](http://www.ing.iac.es/gifs/line.jpg) | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | --- | --- | | Text: | [Normal text](#)[Bigger tyext](#)[Bold text](#) | | Share: | ![](http://www.ing.iac.es/gifs/line.jpg) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | --- | | Photo by Babak Tafreshi/Dreamview.net | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | --- | --- | | | [**WEAVE releases and multimedia**](http://c.ing.iac.es/outreach/?weaveall) | | | | | | | --- | | **General** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | [The Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes.](http://www.ing.iac.es/PR/tour/leaflet.html) | | | [The William Herschel Telescope (WHT).](http://www.ing.iac.es/PR/wht_info/) | | | [The Isaac Newton Telescope (INT).](http://www.ing.iac.es/PR/int_info/) | | | [The Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope (JKT)](http://www.ing.iac.es/PR/jkt_info/) (information retained for historical interest, the JKT is no longer an ING telescope). | | | [Credits](http://www.ing.iac.es/PR/credits.html). | | | [Chronology](https://www.ing.iac.es//PR/chronology.html). | | | [Logos](http://c.ing.iac.es/outreach/?logos). | | | | | **Information Services** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | Archive of [ING public releases](http://www.ing.iac.es/news.html). | | [External releases](http://www.ing.iac.es/PR/press/Press_Releases.html). | | | [ING publications](http://www.ing.iac.es/astronomy/library/archives.html) (annual reports, newsletter, etc.). | | | [Ask an astronomer!](http://www.ing.iac.es/PR/dissemination/question.php) Email an ING astronomer with your question. | | | | | | | | | | | | --- | | **Multimedia** | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | [Photo archive](http://c.ing.iac.es/outreach/?ph) | | | [Video archive](http://c.ing.iac.es/outreach/?vid) | | | [Astronomical images](http://www.ing.iac.es/PR/images_index.html) obtained using the ING telescopes for public use. | | | | | | | | --- | | **The ING Impact** | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | [Scientific highlights.](http://www.ing.iac.es/PR/SH/) | | | [Use of observing time and scientific productivity.](http://www.ing.iac.es/PR/impact.html) | | | [Press cuttings](http://www.ing.iac.es/PR/clippings/). | | | | | | | | | | --- | | **Visits and Events** | | | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | [Visiting the ING telescopes](http://www.ing.iac.es/PR/visits/) | | | [Visiting the Roque de Los Muchachos Observatory](https://www.iac.es/en/observatorios-de-canarias/roque-de-los-muchachos-observatory/visits). | | | [Visits to ING - Highlights](http://www.ing.iac.es/PR/visits/vip.html). | | | [Meetings and events](http://www.ing.iac.es/Astronomy/science/events.html) organised by ING. | | | | | | | | --- | | **Outreach** | | | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | [Nuestros Alumnos y el Roque de los Muchachos](http://www.lpiya.org/nuestrosalumnos/), our local school programme. | | | We collaborate with the [LPIYA](http://www.lpiya.org/) and [OPTICON PO](http://www.eno.iac.es/) groups. | | | [Material for public outreach activities.](http://www.ing.iac.es/PR/dissemination/) | | | [PR targets for observers at ING.](http://www.ing.iac.es/PR/targets/) | | | | | | | --- | | [Top](#top) | [Back](javascript:history.back();) | --- | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | --- | --- | | | Contact: function scr\_adr(){ var a,b,c,d,e,f a='<a class=arclink href=\"mai' // email-link part 1 b='outreach' // address part 1 c='\">' // email-link part 4 a+='lto:' // email-link part 2 b+='@ing.' // address part 2 e='</a>' // email-link part 3 f='Javier Méndez' // substitute email address with this string b+='iac.es' // address part 3 if (f) d=f else d=b document.write(a+b+c+d+e) } scr\_adr() //--> (*Public Relations Officer*)Last modified: 01 December 2023 | |

https://www.ing.iac.es//PR/

<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title> Home Page </title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="projectstyle.css"> </head> <body> <header id="box"> <img id="header" alt="Image of the rock of Gibraltar" src="images/Europe%20032.JPG" height="300px" width="1110px"> </header> <h1 id="text"> My Personal Guide to Travelling in Europe </h1> <nav class="menu"> <h2> Menu </h2> <ul> <li> <a href="index.html"> Home </a></li> <li> <a href="milan.html"> Milan </a></li> <li> <a href="florence.html"> Florence </a> </li> <li> <a href="rome.html"> Rome </a> </li> <li> <a href="barcelona.html"> Barcelona</a> </li> <li> <a href="seville.html"> Seville</a> </li> <li> <a href="gibraltar.html"> Gibraltar</a> </li> <li> <a href="links.html"> Links </a></li> <li> <a href="references.html"> References</a></li> </ul> </nav> <section> <h2> Welcome!</h2> <p>I decided to make this page since I was able to go on an amazing school trip while I was in High School. I was lucky enough to visit some of Europe's most beautiful and popular city and I want to be able to share that experience with people who have not had the chance to go or people who would like to relieve their wonderful memories of travelling. We started our trip in the south of Spain, in the region of Andalusia. This region is home to beautiful beaches and nice weather all year round. </p> <img class="image" alt="Image of the City of Marbella in Andalusia" src="images/Europe%20021.JPG" height="280px" width="320px"> <p>We then made our way up to Barcelona where we took a ferry to Rome. From there we were able to explore some of Italy's most famous cities and I was able to indulge in the food of my ancestors.<img class="image" alt="Image of pasta and pizza" src="images/Europe%20729.JPG" height="300px" width="250px"></p> <p> With this webpage, I hope to provide people with stunning pictures as well as information about some of the cities I visited. This was one of my favourite trips I've ever taken and I hope to share my joy and love for travelling with everyone.</p> <p> Feel free to start exploring Europe through my webpage in any order you like!</p> </section> <footer> <p> <a href="milan.html"> Milan </a> <a href="florence.html">Florence </a> <a href="rome.html"> Rome </a> <a href="barcelona.html"> Barcelona </a> <a href="seville.html"> Seville </a> <a href="gibraltar.html"> Gibraltar </a> <a href="links.html"> Links </a> <a href="references.html"> References</a></p> <p> <a href="#box"> Back to top</a></p> </footer> </body> </html>

Home Page ![Image of the rock of Gibraltar](images/Europe%20032.JPG) # My Personal Guide to Travelling in Europe ## Menu * [Home](index.html) * [Milan](milan.html) * [Florence](florence.html) * [Rome](rome.html) * [Barcelona](barcelona.html) * [Seville](seville.html) * [Gibraltar](gibraltar.html) * [Links](links.html) * [References](references.html) ## Welcome! I decided to make this page since I was able to go on an amazing school trip while I was in High School. I was lucky enough to visit some of Europe's most beautiful and popular city and I want to be able to share that experience with people who have not had the chance to go or people who would like to relieve their wonderful memories of travelling. We started our trip in the south of Spain, in the region of Andalusia. This region is home to beautiful beaches and nice weather all year round. ![Image of the City of Marbella in Andalusia](images/Europe%20021.JPG) We then made our way up to Barcelona where we took a ferry to Rome. From there we were able to explore some of Italy's most famous cities and I was able to indulge in the food of my ancestors.![Image of pasta and pizza](images/Europe%20729.JPG) With this webpage, I hope to provide people with stunning pictures as well as information about some of the cities I visited. This was one of my favourite trips I've ever taken and I hope to share my joy and love for travelling with everyone. Feel free to start exploring Europe through my webpage in any order you like! [Milan](milan.html) [Florence](florence.html) [Rome](rome.html) [Barcelona](barcelona.html) [Seville](seville.html) [Gibraltar](gibraltar.html) [Links](links.html) [References](references.html) [Back to top](#box)

https://juliatuccinardi.neocities.org/

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http://www.scubamom.com/

<HTML> <HEAD> <META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="Adobe PageMill 2.0 Win"> <TITLE>RogueTwo's Star Wars Domain</TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY BGCOLOR="#0080ff" LINK="#800040" ALINK="#0000ff">   <div id=aws_666 align=center> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin:0 auto;"> <tr> <td width="130" class="mwst" style="vertical-align:top; padding:5px 15px 5px 0;"> <a href="http://iwarp.com/?refcd=MWS_20040713_Banner_bar"> <img src="/cgi-bin/image/images/bannertype/100X22.gif" width="100" height="22" border="0" /> </a> </td> <td width="130" class="mwst" style="padding:10px 0 10px 10px;"> <div align="right"> <a style="padding:5px 15px; color:#FFF; font-size:14px; display:block-inline; background-color:#166DC2; border: 1px solid #166DC2; border-radius:4px;" href="/cgi-bin/login" target="_blank">Sign In</a> <a style="font-size:14px; color:#41c5e4;" href="/cgi-bin/path/signup?refcd=MWS_20040713_Banner_bar">Sign-Up</a> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan=2 class="mwst" align="center" style="width:730px;"> </td> </tr> </table> <DIV id="setMyHomeOverlay" align="left" style="position:absolute; top:25%; left:25%; width:358px; border:1px solid #AEAEAE; background-color:white; z-index:200000; display: none;"> <div style="height:59px; padding-left:22px; background:white url('/cgi-bin/image/images/sethome_top_border.gif') repeat-x;"> <div style="float:left; width:182px; height:35px; margin-top:12px; font:bold 38px arial,sans-serif; color:#454545"> Welcome! </div> <div style="float:right; padding:6px 5px 0px 5px;"><a href="#" onclick="javascript:do_set_homepage('close'); return false;"> <div style="background:url('/cgi-bin/image/images/sethome_x.gif'); width:21px; height:21px; cursor:pointer;"></div></a></div> <div style="float:right; font:bold 12px arial; margin-top:10px;"><a style="text-decoration:none; color:#004182;" href="#" onclick="javascript:do_set_homepage('close'); return false;">Close</a></div></div> <div style="height:170px; background:#ffffff;"> <div style="padding:30px 20px 0px 20px; font:normal 14px arial; height:80px;"> Would you like to make this site your homepage? It's fast and easy... </div> <div style="padding:10px 0 0 41px;"> <div style="float:left;cursor:pointer; background:white url('/cgi-bin/image/images/sethome_btn_l.gif'); width:4px; height:26px;" onclick="javascript:do_set_homepage('do');"> </div> <div style="float:left;cursor:pointer; background:white url('/cgi-bin/image/images/sethome_btn_m.gif') repeat-x; width:265px; height:26px; text-align:center; font:bold 13px Arial; color:#FFFFFF; line-height:25px;" onclick="javascript:do_set_homepage('do');"> Yes, Please make this my home page! </div> <div style="float:left;cursor:pointer; background:white url('/cgi-bin/image/images/sethome_btn_r.gif'); width:4px; height:26px;" onclick="javascript:do_set_homepage('do');"> </div></div> <div style="padding-left:148px; padding-top:7px; clear:both; font:normal 12px arial;"><a href="#" style="text-decoration:none; color:#004182;" onclick="javascript:do_set_homepage('close'); return false;">No Thanks</a></div></div> <div style="height:36px; background: white url('/cgi-bin/image/images/sethome_bot_border.gif') repeat-x;"> <div style="float:left;margin:12px 0px 0px 20px; line-height:10px;"><input type="checkbox" style="width:11px; height:11px;" onclick="javascript:do_set_homepage('dont');"></div> <div style="float:left;font:normal 12px arial;padding:10px 0 0 2px;">   Don't show this to me again.</div> <div style="float:right; padding:6px 5px 0px 5px;"><a href="#" onclick="javascript:do_set_homepage('close'); return false;"> <div style="background:url('/cgi-bin/image/images/sethome_x.gif'); width:21px; height:21px; cursor:pointer;"></div></a></div> <div style="float:right;font:bold 12px arial; margin-top:10px;"><a style="text-decoration:none; color:#004182;" href="#" onclick="javascript:do_set_homepage('close'); return false;">Close</a></div></div></div> <span ID="mws_oHomePageOverlay" style="behavior:url(#default#homepage); display:none;"></span> <script src=/fs_img/js/overlay.js></script><script defer="defer" src=/fs_img/js/set_homepage.js></script></div> <H6>This Webpage is Created by Roguetwo (Ryan) /All news is posted by me unless mentioned otherwise!</H6> <H6 ALIGN=CENTER><FONT SIZE=+1>Click below to enter my site, or you can read the news on this page.</FONT></H6> <H6 ALIGN=CENTER><A HREF="_main.html"><IMG SRC="roguetwo.jpg" WIDTH="186" HEIGHT="181" ALIGN="BOTTOM" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A></H6> <H1 ALIGN=CENTER><A HREF="_main.html"><FONT SIZE=+4>Roguetwo's Star Wars Domain</FONT></A></H1> <H5 ALIGN=CENTER><HR></H5> <H5>Hey guys and gals! I don't want my site to fall into the dumps, so I thought I'd add some stuff before I go to school today. :) I must apologize to the people who have answered my trivia. At the end of this month I will have checked them all and will have put up the winners in the <A HREF="hallfame.htm">hall of fame</A>. I'll also be adding bits and pieces of different sections, and as I add get more deeply into each sections, especially Racer and Jedi Knight, I may just make one link to another page devoted to that game, that way the site is more easy to navigate. So, in about three weeks, your gonna see a lot of updates! ALSO: As soon as this summer comes, you will see a brand new section devoted to Star Wars books!!</H5> <H5 ALIGN=RIGHT>5-12-2000</H5> <H5><HR ALIGN=LEFT></H5> <H5>New updates--I got an Empire Strikes Back trivia that should give you a challenge. Also, BIG! I now have my Racer Records page up! Go check it out on the main page!</H5> <H5 ALIGN=RIGHT>3-24-2000</H5> <H5><HR ALIGN=LEFT></H5> <H5>Okay, I know. I'm late on wishing you happy holidays...oh well. Happy Holidays! :0)</H5> <H5>Added some new stuff relating to Force Commander and I hope to have some new trivia up within a week. New pictures and quotes too. I've been real busy (I know it's a bad excuse) and I haven't had ANY time to work on this site...too bad. I hope to really get it pumping in a couple of weeks. That's it for now- Roguetwo</H5> <H5 ALIGN=RIGHT>2-12-2000</H5> <H5 ALIGN=RIGHT>(Oh boy, it's 2000)</H5> <H5 ALIGN=CENTER><HR></H5> <H5>I have added a new Picture of the Week, and a cool quote of the week. Check em out. I'm sorry. I'm really busy right now and I don't have time to get another trivia page up. But I added another useful shortcut on Grabvine Getaway on my shortcuts page. Happy belated Halloween and Thanksgiving. :) Oh and case you were wondering. Everybody email me at:</H5> <H5><A HREF="mailto:%20roguetwo@lightspeed.net"><FONT SIZE=+2>roguetwo@lightspeed.net</FONT></A></H5> <H5 ALIGN=RIGHT>12-11-99</H5> <H5 ALIGN=RIGHT><HR ALIGN=RIGHT></H5> <H5>All right, I now have updated my Abyss shortcut, it's easier to see how to do it now. Also, the new set of trivia questions are going to be up in a couple of days, I have had a lot of homework lately so the site is going to speed up now. Oh, and I will have new quote up and pic of the week up in a day or two.</H5> <H5 ALIGN=RIGHT>11-20-99</H5> <H5><HR ALIGN=LEFT></H5> <H5>My Mysteries of the Sith character page is now up. <FONT SIZE=+0>Drumroll please! I finally got my Trivia section up. Please fill it out. It should be fairly challenging!</FONT></H5> <H5 ALIGN=RIGHT>10-28-99</H5> <H5><HR ALIGN=LEFT></H5> <H5>There is a new picture of the week, just go to it near the bottom of the page. Also, I will be adding screenshots for the Boonta Classic shortcut shortly and other ones. The Sebulba's Legacy shortcut is now fixed from my messup. :---)</H5> <H5 ALIGN=RIGHT>10-16-99</H5> <H5><HR ALIGN=LEFT></H5> <H5>Ah, how good it feels to have my shortcut section done, if you play Racer then this will help you out a LOT. I just wanted to thank the AhnFahn for helping me with the screenshots. YAY!!!!! OK my site is submitted to search engines so hello people. Hehe. Anyway, I have added a hit counter, and soon I will be adding a guest book so you can tell me you've been here. Now I will be working on other stuff like Rogue Squadron and MOTS character pages. I hope you enjoy my site.</H5> <H5 ALIGN=RIGHT>10-4-99</H5> <H5><HR ALIGN=LEFT></H5> <H5>I just submitted my site to some search engines now, and I will be expecting some hits pretty soon. Also I finished my Jedi Knight Character page and i'm gonna start working on putting up hit counters, guest books, etc. I will also start working on my Mysteries of the Sith Character page and my Rogue Squadron page. Also im gonna give you guys the scoop on the podracers: whos best, whos worst, and whos just fun to race! Anyway, look for a lot of new updates pretty soon and a new picture of the week!!!</H5> <H5 ALIGN=RIGHT>9-11-99</H5> <H5 ALIGN=RIGHT><HR ALIGN=RIGHT></H5> <H6><FONT SIZE=-1>Well I think I got the problem with pictures fixed, but if you still have trouble contact me.</FONT></H6> <H6><FONT SIZE=-1>BTW, I added some new links on my link page, so check it out! </FONT></H6> <H6><HR ALIGN=LEFT></H6> <H5><I><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>Please Read</FONT></TT></I>: I have more than one computer at my house and so when I get on my faster one it all the pictures work fine, but on my slower one the pictures don't come up. So it may be just a problem with the older and slower computer, BUT IF ANYONE ELSE HAS THIS PROBLEM PLEASE E-MAIL ME SO THAT I CAN TRY TO FIX IT!!!</H5> <H5>roguetwo@lightspeed.net</H5> <H5>8-19-99</H5> <H6 ALIGN=CENTER><HR></H6> <H5>This is a new site that's gonna be updated with new stuff every week, hopefully :) Anyway, if you have anything to say about my site, I would be greatful for any feedback. Also please report any bad links or misprints. Oh, and I would like to say that I'm a huge Star Wars Fan and like to thank George Lucas for giving us this great universe that's so <I>cool!!!</I> Check out the Links page for some <I>extremely</I> good Star Wars Sites.</H5> <H5>8-12-99 <HR ALIGN=LEFT></H5> <H4><FONT SIZE=-1>The Picture of the week is of Neva Kee, check it out! IF YOU WERE WONDERING, TO ENTER THE MAIN SITE CLICK ON THE PICTURE BELOW. THIS IS JUST THE SITE NEWS PAGE!!!</FONT></H4> <H4><FONT SIZE=-1>8-11-99</FONT></H4> <H4><HR ALIGN=LEFT></H4> <H6>Jedi Knight, Mysteries of the Sith, Rogue Squadron, EP1 Racer, and EP1 The Phantom Menace are Copyrighted by Lucasarts Entertainment Company & Lucasfilms Ltd. This is not an official site.</H6> <H6 ALIGN=CENTER><A HREF="_main.html"><IMG SRC="batdr1a.jpg" WIDTH="475" HEIGHT="375" ALIGN="BOTTOM" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A></H6> </BODY> </HTML>  <script src="/fs_img/js/pt.js" type="text/javascript"></script>   <script type="text/javascript">  </script>

RogueTwo's Star Wars Domain | | | | --- | --- | | | [Sign In](/cgi-bin/login) [Sign-Up](/cgi-bin/path/signup?refcd=MWS_20040713_Banner_bar) | | | Welcome! [Close](#) Would you like to make this site your homepage? It's fast and easy... Yes, Please make this my home page! [No Thanks](#) Don't show this to me again. [Close](#) ###### This Webpage is Created by Roguetwo (Ryan) /All news is posted by me unless mentioned otherwise! ###### Click below to enter my site, or you can read the news on this page. ###### # [Roguetwo's Star Wars Domain](_main.html) ##### --- ##### Hey guys and gals! I don't want my site to fall into the dumps, so I thought I'd add some stuff before I go to school today. :) I must apologize to the people who have answered my trivia. At the end of this month I will have checked them all and will have put up the winners in the [hall of fame](hallfame.htm). I'll also be adding bits and pieces of different sections, and as I add get more deeply into each sections, especially Racer and Jedi Knight, I may just make one link to another page devoted to that game, that way the site is more easy to navigate. So, in about three weeks, your gonna see a lot of updates! ALSO: As soon as this summer comes, you will see a brand new section devoted to Star Wars books!! ##### 5-12-2000 ##### --- ##### New updates--I got an Empire Strikes Back trivia that should give you a challenge. Also, BIG! I now have my Racer Records page up! Go check it out on the main page! ##### 3-24-2000 ##### --- ##### Okay, I know. I'm late on wishing you happy holidays...oh well. Happy Holidays! :0) ##### Added some new stuff relating to Force Commander and I hope to have some new trivia up within a week. New pictures and quotes too. I've been real busy (I know it's a bad excuse) and I haven't had ANY time to work on this site...too bad. I hope to really get it pumping in a couple of weeks. That's it for now- Roguetwo ##### 2-12-2000 ##### (Oh boy, it's 2000) ##### --- ##### I have added a new Picture of the Week, and a cool quote of the week. Check em out. I'm sorry. I'm really busy right now and I don't have time to get another trivia page up. But I added another useful shortcut on Grabvine Getaway on my shortcuts page. Happy belated Halloween and Thanksgiving. :) Oh and case you were wondering. Everybody email me at: ##### [roguetwo@lightspeed.net](mailto:%20roguetwo@lightspeed.net) ##### 12-11-99 ##### --- ##### All right, I now have updated my Abyss shortcut, it's easier to see how to do it now. Also, the new set of trivia questions are going to be up in a couple of days, I have had a lot of homework lately so the site is going to speed up now. Oh, and I will have new quote up and pic of the week up in a day or two. ##### 11-20-99 ##### --- ##### My Mysteries of the Sith character page is now up. Drumroll please! I finally got my Trivia section up. Please fill it out. It should be fairly challenging! ##### 10-28-99 ##### --- ##### There is a new picture of the week, just go to it near the bottom of the page. Also, I will be adding screenshots for the Boonta Classic shortcut shortly and other ones. The Sebulba's Legacy shortcut is now fixed from my messup. :---) ##### 10-16-99 ##### --- ##### Ah, how good it feels to have my shortcut section done, if you play Racer then this will help you out a LOT. I just wanted to thank the AhnFahn for helping me with the screenshots. YAY!!!!! OK my site is submitted to search engines so hello people. Hehe. Anyway, I have added a hit counter, and soon I will be adding a guest book so you can tell me you've been here. Now I will be working on other stuff like Rogue Squadron and MOTS character pages. I hope you enjoy my site. ##### 10-4-99 ##### --- ##### I just submitted my site to some search engines now, and I will be expecting some hits pretty soon. Also I finished my Jedi Knight Character page and i'm gonna start working on putting up hit counters, guest books, etc. I will also start working on my Mysteries of the Sith Character page and my Rogue Squadron page. Also im gonna give you guys the scoop on the podracers: whos best, whos worst, and whos just fun to race! Anyway, look for a lot of new updates pretty soon and a new picture of the week!!! ##### 9-11-99 ##### --- ###### Well I think I got the problem with pictures fixed, but if you still have trouble contact me. ###### BTW, I added some new links on my link page, so check it out! ###### --- ##### *Please Read*: I have more than one computer at my house and so when I get on my faster one it all the pictures work fine, but on my slower one the pictures don't come up. So it may be just a problem with the older and slower computer, BUT IF ANYONE ELSE HAS THIS PROBLEM PLEASE E-MAIL ME SO THAT I CAN TRY TO FIX IT!!! ##### roguetwo@lightspeed.net ##### 8-19-99 ###### --- ##### This is a new site that's gonna be updated with new stuff every week, hopefully :) Anyway, if you have anything to say about my site, I would be greatful for any feedback. Also please report any bad links or misprints. Oh, and I would like to say that I'm a huge Star Wars Fan and like to thank George Lucas for giving us this great universe that's so *cool!!!* Check out the Links page for some *extremely* good Star Wars Sites. ##### 8-12-99 --- #### The Picture of the week is of Neva Kee, check it out! IF YOU WERE WONDERING, TO ENTER THE MAIN SITE CLICK ON THE PICTURE BELOW. THIS IS JUST THE SITE NEWS PAGE!!! #### 8-11-99 #### --- ###### Jedi Knight, Mysteries of the Sith, Rogue Squadron, EP1 Racer, and EP1 The Phantom Menace are Copyrighted by Lucasarts Entertainment Company & Lucasfilms Ltd. This is not an official site. ######

http://www.roguetwo.iwarp.com/

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html><head><meta name="MSSmartTagsPreventParsing" content="TRUE"> <title>DPGraph: Dynamic Photorealistic 3D Graphing Software for Math and Physics Visualization</title> <meta name=author content="DPGraph"> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=us-ascii"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="1EJgiC7EhY07InZt2uYZJQgCPCJRnKskPIPis0NTrsI"> <meta name=description content="DPGraph: Dynamic Photorealistic 3D Graphing Software for Math and Physics Visualization"> <meta name=keywords content="dynamic, photorealistic, graphing, software, dp, dpgraph, 2000, dpgraph2000, 8d, 7d, 6d, 5d, 4d, 3d, 2d, implicit, parametric, plot, vector, plotting, graph, coordinates, polar, cartesian, rectangular, spherical, cylindrical, algebra, calculus, geometry, physics, multivariable, visualization, field, theory, trigonometry, quantum, mechanics, gravitation, curve, surface, conic, software, math, mathematics, mathematical, plots, graphs, art, function, equation, program, programs"> <meta http-equiv="PICS-Label" content='(PICS-1.1 "http://www.rsac.org/ratingsv01.html" l gen true for "#PUBLIC_SITE_HTTP#" r (n 0 s 0 v 0 l 0) "http://www.classify.org/safesurf/" l gen true for "#PUBLIC_SITE_HTTP#" r (SS~~000 1))'> </head><body background="truncbyh.gif"> <table width="100%"><tr valign=top><td> <table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0><tr><td><table border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> <tr bgcolor="#FFCCFF" align=center><td colspan=2 width=192><font size=2 face="arial, helvetica"> <b>"Quality: Excellent. Value: Excellent." ... "DPGraph is one of the most exciting Windows-PC programs I've ever seen for creating beautiful, even stunning, mathematical graphics."</b>, Dr. Michael W. Ecker, Recreational & Educational Computing, <i>and DPGraph runs under Wine on Linux, or under SoftWindows or Virtual PC on the Mac.</i></font></td></tr> <tr><td><img src="gyroid.jpg" width=96 height=72 alt="3d graph of gyroid"></td><td><img src="tubeknot.jpg" width=96 height=72 alt="3d graph of mathematical knot"></td></tr> <tr><td><img src="sineparm.gif" width=96 height=72 alt="dynamic 2d graph of sine wave"></td><td><img src="waves.gif" width=96 height=72 alt="dynamic 3d waves"></td></tr> <tr><td><img src="clrshell.jpg" width=96 height=72 alt="3d graph of shell"></td><td><img src="benlevy.gif" width=96 height=72 alt="dynamic 3d graph of a plane slicing a cone"></td></tr> <tr><td><img src="vulkan_mit_bombe.gif" width=96 height=72 alt="3d graph of volcano"></td><td><img src="interferenzen4.jpg" width=96 height=72 alt="2d graph of an interference pattern"></td></tr> <tr><td><img src="cupsadh.jpg" width=96 height=72 alt="3d graph of saddle point"></td><td><img src="kugel_auf_gummituch.gif" width=96 height=72 alt="3d graph of gravitational field around a sphere"></td></tr> <tr><td><img src="carvelli.jpg" width=96 height=72 alt="3d graph of ellipsoid"></td><td><img src="schwarzp3periods.jpg" width=96 height=72 alt="3d graph of Schwarz's P surface"></td></tr> </table></td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></table> </td><td> <table><tr valign=top><td colspan=2> <center><table border=4 bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><tr align=center bgcolor="#FF0000"><td><font face="Arial, Helvetica" size="+1" color="#FFFFFF"><b> DPGraph: Dynamic Photorealistic 3D Graphing Software<br>for Math and Physics Visualization </b></font></td></tr> <tr align=center bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><td><font size="-1" face="Arial, Helvetica"> <a href="buy-graphing.html">Buy</a> | <a href="graph-viewer.html">Free Viewer</a> | <a href="graphing-users.html">Legacy Site Licensees</a> <br> <a href="new-3d-graphs.html">Latest news: 29 Sep 2019</a> | <a href="update-grapher.html">Update to newest version: 19 Dec 2016</a> <br> <a href="math-art.html">Math Art Gallery</a> | <a href="implicit-equations.html">Documentation</a> | <a href="graphing-links.html">Links</a> | <a href="privacy.html">Privacy</a> | <a href="contact.html">Contact</a> </font></td></tr></table></center> </td></tr> <tr valign=top><td>  <br> <table border=4 cellpadding=8 bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> <tr> <td> <font size=5 face="arial, helvetica"> WARNING: SCAM ALERT!</font> <font size=4 face="arial, helvetica">Starting on or about February 18, 2018, some scammers started sending emails that appear to come from "support@dpgraph.com". They have nothing to do with us. Do not click on any links in any of those emails, and do not send them any money. We do not know who is sending them. Some of them may claim that we have charged your account or are going to continue charging your account. That is not true. The emails are not coming from our email account; they are being sent by someone who is faking the email headers. Contact your financial institution immediately if you are worried that funds have been taken from your account. </td> </tr> <tr><td><table align=left><tr><td><img src="volume1.gif" width=266 height=300 alt="3d volume of integration"></td></tr></table><font size=3 face="arial, helvetica">The world's most powerful software for math and physics visualization. Create beautiful, interactive, dynamic, photorealistic 2D, 3D, 4D, 5D, 6D, 7D and 8D graphs. So easy to use that even junior high and senior high students have had their graphs published. Includes hundreds of examples contributed by users from around the world.<br> <br>Over two million mathematicians, physicists, teachers and students at over 1,000 colleges, universities and K-12 schools worldwide are already licensed.<br> <br>Optimized for the internet -- search for DPGraph using your favorite search engine to find ways that people are using DPGraph for both classroom and distance learning. Used for pre-algebra, geometry, trigonometry and general physics, through multivariable calculus, field theory, quantum mechanics and gravitation.<br> <br>Use time and color as extra dimensions (to create motion or encode momentum, for example). Use the scrollbar to vary parameters in realtime, to slice through graphs, or to vary transparency. Programmed entirely in assembly language for maximum speed.<br> <br>Graph functions, equations, conic sections, planes, spheres, toruses, parametric curves and surfaces, implicit equalities and inequalities, volume intersections, volumes of integration, vector fields, surfaces of revolution, equipotential surfaces, and much more, in rectangular, polar, cylindrical, or spherical coordinates.</font></td></tr></table>  <br> <center> <table border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> <tr> <td><img src="fluegel02.gif" width=96 height=72 alt="dynamic 3d graph of flapping wings"></td> <td><img src="spiralen_auf_zwei_ebenen.jpg" width=96 height=72 alt="3d graph of parallel planes"></td> <td><img src="devourer.gif" width=96 height=72 alt="dynamic 3d graph of surface eating sphere"></td> </tr><tr> <td><img src="thill1.jpg" width=96 height=72 alt="3d graph of flames"></td> <td><img src="tornado.gif" width=96 height=72 alt="dynamic 3d graph of tornado"></td> <td><img src="catenoid.jpg" width=96 height=72 alt="3d graph of catenoid"></td> </tr> </table> </center>  <br> <center><table border=4 bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><tr align=center bgcolor="#CCCCFF"><td><font size=2 face="arial, helvetica"> Copyright © 1997-2019 by DPGraph. All rights reserved. </font></td></tr></table></center> </td><td>  <br> <table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0><tr><td><table border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> <tr align=center bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><td colspan=2 width=192><font size=2 face="arial, helvetica"> <img src="5star.gif" width=58 height=10 border=0 alt="5 Star Rating"> <b>"You'll be dazzled ..."</b>, ZDNet </font></td></tr> <tr><td><img src="twilight.gif" width=96 height=72 alt="dynamic 2d graph of swirl"></td><td><img src="flow.gif" width=96 height=72 alt="dynamic 2d graph of equipotential surface"></td></tr> <tr><td><img src="volume1.jpg" width=96 height=72 alt="3d graph of volume of integration"></td><td><img src="cool.gif" width=96 height=72 alt="cool dynamic 3d graph"></td></tr> <tr><td><img src="ethane.gif" width=96 height=72 alt="dynamic 3d graph of ethane molecule"></td><td><img src="goblets.jpg" width=96 height=72 alt="3d graph of goblets"></td></tr> <tr><td><img src="clrsph.gif" width=96 height=72 alt="dynamic 3d sphere"></td><td><img src="hourglass.gif" width=96 height=72 alt="dynamic 3d hourglass"></td></tr> <tr><td><img src="dblhelix.jpg" width=96 height=72 alt="3d double helix"></td><td><img src="pulsierendes_rohr.gif" width=96 height=72 alt="dynamic pulsing 3d graph"></td></tr> <tr><td><img src="iced.jpg" width=96 height=72 alt="3d donut"></td><td><img src="oktaeder_ausgehoelt.jpg" width=96 height=72 alt="pierced 3d octahedron"></td></tr> </table></td></tr></table> </td></tr></table> </td></tr></table> </body> </html>

DPGraph: Dynamic Photorealistic 3D Graphing Software for Math and Physics Visualization | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | --- | | **"Quality: Excellent. Value: Excellent." ... "DPGraph is one of the most exciting Windows-PC programs I've ever seen for creating beautiful, even stunning, mathematical graphics."**, Dr. Michael W. Ecker, Recreational & Educational Computing, *and DPGraph runs under Wine on Linux, or under SoftWindows or Virtual PC on the Mac.* | | 3d graph of gyroid | 3d graph of mathematical knot | | dynamic 2d graph of sine wave | dynamic 3d waves | | 3d graph of shell | dynamic 3d graph of a plane slicing a cone | | 3d graph of volcano | 2d graph of an interference pattern | | 3d graph of saddle point | 3d graph of gravitational field around a sphere | | 3d graph of ellipsoid | 3d graph of Schwarz's P surface | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | | | | --- | | **DPGraph: Dynamic Photorealistic 3D Graphing Softwarefor Math and Physics Visualization** | | [Buy](buy-graphing.html) | [Free Viewer](graph-viewer.html) | [Legacy Site Licensees](graphing-users.html) [Latest news: 29 Sep 2019](new-3d-graphs.html) | [Update to newest version: 19 Dec 2016](update-grapher.html) [Math Art Gallery](math-art.html) | [Documentation](implicit-equations.html) | [Links](graphing-links.html) | [Privacy](privacy.html) | [Contact](contact.html) | | | | | | --- | | WARNING: SCAM ALERT! Starting on or about February 18, 2018, some scammers started sending emails that appear to come from "support@dpgraph.com". They have nothing to do with us. Do not click on any links in any of those emails, and do not send them any money. We do not know who is sending them. Some of them may claim that we have charged your account or are going to continue charging your account. That is not true. The emails are not coming from our email account; they are being sent by someone who is faking the email headers. Contact your financial institution immediately if you are worried that funds have been taken from your account. | | | | | --- | | 3d volume of integration | The world's most powerful software for math and physics visualization. Create beautiful, interactive, dynamic, photorealistic 2D, 3D, 4D, 5D, 6D, 7D and 8D graphs. So easy to use that even junior high and senior high students have had their graphs published. Includes hundreds of examples contributed by users from around the world. Over two million mathematicians, physicists, teachers and students at over 1,000 colleges, universities and K-12 schools worldwide are already licensed. Optimized for the internet -- search for DPGraph using your favorite search engine to find ways that people are using DPGraph for both classroom and distance learning. Used for pre-algebra, geometry, trigonometry and general physics, through multivariable calculus, field theory, quantum mechanics and gravitation. Use time and color as extra dimensions (to create motion or encode momentum, for example). Use the scrollbar to vary parameters in realtime, to slice through graphs, or to vary transparency. Programmed entirely in assembly language for maximum speed. Graph functions, equations, conic sections, planes, spheres, toruses, parametric curves and surfaces, implicit equalities and inequalities, volume intersections, volumes of integration, vector fields, surfaces of revolution, equipotential surfaces, and much more, in rectangular, polar, cylindrical, or spherical coordinates. | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | dynamic 3d graph of flapping wings | 3d graph of parallel planes | dynamic 3d graph of surface eating sphere | | 3d graph of flames | dynamic 3d graph of tornado | 3d graph of catenoid | | | | --- | | Copyright © 1997-2019 by DPGraph. All rights reserved. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | --- | | 5 Star Rating **"You'll be dazzled ..."**, ZDNet | | dynamic 2d graph of swirl | dynamic 2d graph of equipotential surface | | 3d graph of volume of integration | cool dynamic 3d graph | | dynamic 3d graph of ethane molecule | 3d graph of goblets | | dynamic 3d sphere | dynamic 3d hourglass | | 3d double helix | dynamic pulsing 3d graph | | 3d donut | pierced 3d octahedron | | | |

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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <title>CD Club FAQ: Breaking News</title> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="cddisc.png"> <script type="text/javascript"> var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-21868060-1']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); </script> </head> <body background="cdfaqbg.jpg" bgcolor="#c895a7" text="#000000" link="#000000" vlink="#303030"> <br> <table> <tr><th valign=top> <table border=3 width="100%" cellpadding=8 cellspacing=0> <tr><th bgcolor="#c895a7" align=left nowrap><center><font size=4>CD Clubs FAQ</font><br> <font size=2 color="#800000">V.4.21, Last Modified: Jul 19, '99</font></center> <hr width="85%" size=1> <font size=2> 1. <font color="#ffffff">Breaking News</font> <img src="larrow.gif" alt="<- Pointer"><br> 2. <a href="intro.htm">Introduction</a><br> 3. <a href="decidetojoin.htm">Strategies - In Brief</a><br> 4. <a href="contacting.htm">Customer Service Information</a><br> 5. <a href="cdbrief.htm">More In-Depth Information</a><br> 6. Other<br>      · <a href="http://www.musicbymailcanada.com/cdclbs.html">Appendix A:</a><br>        <a href="http://www.musicbymailcanada.com/cdclbs.html">CD Clubs In Canada</a><br>      · <a href="relatedsites.htm">CD Club Related Sites</a><br>      · <a href="maintainer.htm">About The Maintainer</a><br>      · <a href="disclaimer.htm">FAQ Disclaimer</a> <br> </font> <hr width="85%" size=1> <center><font size=2><font color="#800000"><em>Comments, changes, or errors to:</em></font><br> Content: <a href="mailto:bpvh@primenet.com">Brad von Haden</a>,<br> HTML: <a href="email.htm">Brian Wilson</a></font></center> </th></tr> </table> </th> <th>   </th> <th align=left valign=top> <h2 align=center><font color="#ffff00">+ Breaking News</font></h2> <p>There have been some major developments over the past few months in the CD club world: <br><br> BMG launched its online club BMG eClub. No more monthly paper mailings. Everything is done online except of course the delivery of the CDs themselves. Bill payment can still be done via US Mail. <br><br> BMG introduced "Music Points": a frequent buyer program or more aptly a membership loyalty program. For certain CD and cassette purchases, a member receives a certain amount of points. These points accumulate and can be used to purchase full priced music products on a 1 for 1 basis. "Music Points" can not be used for partial payment of a selection or for payment of shipping and handling or sales taxes. <br><br> BMG closed its daughter club CDx and transfered the CDx membership list to BMG. <br><br> Columbia House brought its club CDHQ back from the dead and dusted off its main moniker, Columbia House. Both CH and CDHQ (this revision of the FAQ is way overdue) advertised "12 CDs for the price of 1 CD" offers. For those scoring at home, Columbia House now has three distinct clubs again: CH, PLAY and CDHQ. As the three clubs have the same operational characteristics, the three will be treated as one by the designation CH/CDHQ/PLAY in the FAQ. <br><br> In a more recent development, Columbia House and online retailer CDNow agreed to merge. According to published reports, this will have no effect on CH club operations, at least for the time being. Once the merger has gone through, Columbia House will be owned by a partnership of the two previous partners, Time Warner and Sony, plus the new partner CDNow. </p> </th></tr> </table> </body> </html>

CD Club FAQ: Breaking News var \_gaq = \_gaq || []; \_gaq.push(['\_setAccount', 'UA-21868060-1']); \_gaq.push(['\_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); | | CD Clubs FAQ V.4.21, Last Modified: Jul 19, '99 --- 1. Breaking News <- Pointer 2. [Introduction](intro.htm) 3. [Strategies - In Brief](decidetojoin.htm) 4. [Customer Service Information](contacting.htm) 5. [More In-Depth Information](cdbrief.htm) 6. Other · [Appendix A:](http://www.musicbymailcanada.com/cdclbs.html) [CD Clubs In Canada](http://www.musicbymailcanada.com/cdclbs.html) · [CD Club Related Sites](relatedsites.htm) · [About The Maintainer](maintainer.htm) · [FAQ Disclaimer](disclaimer.htm) --- *Comments, changes, or errors to:* Content: [Brad von Haden](mailto:bpvh@primenet.com), HTML: [Brian Wilson](email.htm) | | --- | | | + Breaking News There have been some major developments over the past few months in the CD club world: BMG launched its online club BMG eClub. No more monthly paper mailings. Everything is done online except of course the delivery of the CDs themselves. Bill payment can still be done via US Mail. BMG introduced "Music Points": a frequent buyer program or more aptly a membership loyalty program. For certain CD and cassette purchases, a member receives a certain amount of points. These points accumulate and can be used to purchase full priced music products on a 1 for 1 basis. "Music Points" can not be used for partial payment of a selection or for payment of shipping and handling or sales taxes. BMG closed its daughter club CDx and transfered the CDx membership list to BMG. Columbia House brought its club CDHQ back from the dead and dusted off its main moniker, Columbia House. Both CH and CDHQ (this revision of the FAQ is way overdue) advertised "12 CDs for the price of 1 CD" offers. For those scoring at home, Columbia House now has three distinct clubs again: CH, PLAY and CDHQ. As the three clubs have the same operational characteristics, the three will be treated as one by the designation CH/CDHQ/PLAY in the FAQ. In a more recent development, Columbia House and online retailer CDNow agreed to merge. According to published reports, this will have no effect on CH club operations, at least for the time being. Once the merger has gone through, Columbia House will be owned by a partnership of the two previous partners, Time Warner and Sony, plus the new partner CDNow. | | --- | --- | --- | --- |

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<html> <head> <meta name="headline" content="Battlestar Galactica Tech-Manual - the first and oldest web site dedicated exclusively to the technology, ships and weapons of the Battlestar Galactica universes with hundreds of images available for download!"> <meta name="description" content="Battlestar Galactica Tech-Manual, the first and oldest web site dedicated to the technology, ships and weapons of Battlestar Galactica! ENTER!"> <meta name="keywords" content="Battlestar,Galactica,technology,tech,manual,Cylon,Colonial,Base Star,Viper,Raider,laser,Twelve Colonies,Kobol,Carillon,Tylium,Solium,Solinite,blaster,turbo laser,mega-pulsar,Laser Torpedo,base ship,Starbuck,Dirk Benedict,Adama,Lorne Greene,Tigh,Imperious Leader,Muffit,Daggit,Apollo,Richard Hatch,Boomer,Herb Jefferson Jr.,Boxey,Athena,Maren Jensen,Sheba,Anne Lockhart,Patric Macnee,Serina,Jane Seymour,Cassiopea,Laurette Spang,Bojay,Jack Stauffer,Jolly,Tony Swartz,Glen A. 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Due to the many inconsistencies found in the realm of "Battlestar Galactica" science, we have dedicated our efforts to applying real science to the popular 1979 TV series created by Glenn A. Larson.</font></p> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Scientific inaccuracies plagued many of the science fiction movies/series during the late 70's and early 80's. It was not until the mid-80's that Hollywood began to really tap NASA and other aerospace scientists for assistance in fine tuning the technobable being used in science fiction films and TV shows. </font></p> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Listed on this site are the rational explanations as to how the science and technology of "Battlestar Galactica" would have worked in the real world. I hope you enjoy the site and, if you have any problems or questions, please feel free to contact me at: <a href="mailto:galactica@tecr.com">galactica@tecr.com</a>.</font> <p align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b> <u><font color="#000099" size="+1">WHAT'S NEW: </font></u></b></font> <p> <ul> <li><font color="#000033" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="-1"><b>Links Fixed for Galactica Size Figures.</b></font></li> <li><b><font color="#000033" size="-1" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">NEW B.Board on-line!</font></b></li> </ul>  </p> <p> </p> </td> <td width="10"><img src="images/clearpixel.gif" width="10" height="10"></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="648" colspan="3"> <div align="right"><font face="StopD, Stop"><A HREF="#" onClick="javascript:history.back()">GO BACK</A></font></div> </td> </tr> </table> <p align="center"><font size="-3" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="#999999">All related indicia of "Battlestar Galactica", is trademark of "MCA Universal Picture Corp.", LP. ©1978-2005. 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Battlestar Galactica: Technical Manual   | | | --- | | | | | | | --- | | **[Home](index.html)** **[History](history/history.htm)** [**B.Board**](http://pub28.ezboard.com/btigerclawsscifidebateforum) **[Cylons](cylons/cylons.htm)** **[Power Plants](powerplants/powerplants.htm)** **[Engines](engines/engines.htm)** **[Weapon Systems](weapons/weapons.htm)** **[Capital Ships](capships/capships.htm)** **[Fighter Craft](fighters/fighters.htm)** **[Misc. Ships](miscships/miscships.htm)** **[Image Gallery](gallery/index.html)** **[Links](links.htm)** | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | | **LAST UPDATED April. 16, 2005** Welcome to the "**Battlestar Galactica: Tech-Manual**." Due to the many inconsistencies found in the realm of "Battlestar Galactica" science, we have dedicated our efforts to applying real science to the popular 1979 TV series created by Glenn A. Larson. Scientific inaccuracies plagued many of the science fiction movies/series during the late 70's and early 80's. It was not until the mid-80's that Hollywood began to really tap NASA and other aerospace scientists for assistance in fine tuning the technobable being used in science fiction films and TV shows. Listed on this site are the rational explanations as to how the science and technology of "Battlestar Galactica" would have worked in the real world. I hope you enjoy the site and, if you have any problems or questions, please feel free to contact me at: [galactica@tecr.com](mailto:galactica@tecr.com). **WHAT'S NEW:** * **Links Fixed for Galactica Size Figures.** * **NEW B.Board on-line!** | | | [GO BACK](#) | All related indicia of "Battlestar Galactica", is trademark of "MCA Universal Picture Corp.", LP. ©1978-2005. All Rights Reserved. | [![](images/ad_bspcom_468x60_1.jpg)](http://www.battlestarpegasus.com/)

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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <HTML> <HEAD> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"> <TITLE>Vistapro Pictures</TITLE> <LINK REL="Stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="alex.css"> <META NAME="author" CONTENT="Alexander Forst-Rakoczy"> </HEAD> <BODY> <H1>Vistapro Pictures</H1> <P> These pictures were rendered with the program <A HREF="vistapro.html">Vistapro</A>. </P> <P> <A HREF="Pics/Felsen.gif"><IMG ALIGN="MIDDLE" SRC="Pics/Small-Felsen.gif" ALT="Mandelbrot Rock"></A> The Mandelbrot set, 640x480, 79K </P> <P> <A HREF="Pics/Mountain.gif"><IMG ALIGN="MIDDLE" SRC="Pics/Small-Mountain.gif" ALT="Mountain without clouds"></A> A fractal mountain without clouds, 640x480, 120K </P> <P> <A HREF="Pics/Landschaft.gif"><IMG ALIGN="MIDDLE" SRC="Pics/Small-Landschaft.gif" ALT="Mountain with lake"></A> Mountain with lake, 640x480, 103K </P> <P> <A HREF="Pics/MAUI.JPG"><IMG ALIGN="MIDDLE" SRC="Pics/Small-MAUI.GIF" ALT="Maui beach"></A> Maui beach, 1024x768, 117K </P> <P> The elevation data of the next three pictures was taken from the grayscale information of a picture of a cat!!! </P> <P> <A HREF="Pics/CatPic.jpeg"><IMG ALIGN="MIDDLE" SRC="Pics/Small-CatPic.gif" ALT="Cat 1"></A>1280x960, 296K </P> <P> <A HREF="Pics/CatPic2.jpeg"><IMG ALIGN="MIDDLE" SRC="Pics/Small-CatPic2.gif" ALT="Cat 2"></A>1280x960, 104K </P> <P> <A HREF="Pics/CatPic3.jpeg"><IMG ALIGN="MIDDLE" SRC="Pics/Small-CatPic3.gif" ALT="Cat 3"></A>1280x960, 134K </P> <P> The next two pictures feature palms and cacti. </P> <P> <A HREF="Pics/BEACH.gif"><IMG ALIGN="MIDDLE" SRC="Pics/Small-BEACH.gif" ALT="Beach 1"></A>640x480, 87K </P> <P> <A HREF="Pics/BEACH2.gif"><IMG ALIGN="MIDDLE" SRC="Pics/Small-BEACH2.gif" ALT="Beach 2"></A>640x480, 98K </P> <P> Three fractal mountains with beautiful lakes. </P> <P> <A HREF="Pics/Fractal-Mountain-1.jpeg"><IMG ALIGN="MIDDLE" SRC="Pics/Small-Fractal-Mountain-1.gif" ALT="Lake 1"></A>800x600, 149K </P> <P> <A HREF="Pics/Fractal-Mountain-2.jpeg"><IMG ALIGN="MIDDLE" SRC="Pics/Small-Fractal-Mountain-2.gif" ALT="Lake 2"></A>800x600, 134K </P> <P> <A HREF="Pics/Fractal-Mountain-3.jpeg"><IMG ALIGN="MIDDLE" SRC="Pics/Small-Fractal-Mountain-3.gif" ALT="Lake 3"></A>800x600, 102K </P> <P> The Grand Canyon with "slightly" changed colors and vegetation. :-) </P> <P> <A HREF="Pics/Grand-Canyon.jpeg"><IMG ALIGN="MIDDLE" SRC="Pics/Small-Grand-Canyon.gif" ALT="Green Canyon"></A>800x600, 105K </P> <P> First try of a thunderstorm. </P> <P> <A HREF="Pics/Thunder.jpeg"><IMG ALIGN="MIDDLE" SRC="Pics/Small-Thunder.gif" ALT="Thunderstorm"></A>800x600, 73K </P> <HR> <DIV CLASS="hilite"> <P> [<A HREF="http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/alex/home.html">Home</A>] [<A HREF="http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/alex/Handbooks/index.html">Handbooks</A>] [<A HREF="http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/alex/Programs/index.html">Programs</A>] [<A HREF="http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/alex/Rules/index.html">Rules</A>] [<A HREF="http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/alex/rec.games.frp.dnd/index.html">Saved Postings</A>] [<A HREF="http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/alex/RPGsites.html">Other Sites</A>] </P> <P> Page design by Alexander Forst-Rakoczy </P> </DIV> </BODY> </HTML>

Vistapro Pictures # Vistapro Pictures These pictures were rendered with the program [Vistapro](vistapro.html). [![Mandelbrot Rock](Pics/Small-Felsen.gif)](Pics/Felsen.gif) The Mandelbrot set, 640x480, 79K [![Mountain without clouds](Pics/Small-Mountain.gif)](Pics/Mountain.gif) A fractal mountain without clouds, 640x480, 120K [![Mountain with lake](Pics/Small-Landschaft.gif)](Pics/Landschaft.gif) Mountain with lake, 640x480, 103K [![Maui beach](Pics/Small-MAUI.GIF)](Pics/MAUI.JPG) Maui beach, 1024x768, 117K The elevation data of the next three pictures was taken from the grayscale information of a picture of a cat!!! [![Cat 1](Pics/Small-CatPic.gif)](Pics/CatPic.jpeg)1280x960, 296K [![Cat 2](Pics/Small-CatPic2.gif)](Pics/CatPic2.jpeg)1280x960, 104K [![Cat 3](Pics/Small-CatPic3.gif)](Pics/CatPic3.jpeg)1280x960, 134K The next two pictures feature palms and cacti. [![Beach 1](Pics/Small-BEACH.gif)](Pics/BEACH.gif)640x480, 87K [![Beach 2](Pics/Small-BEACH2.gif)](Pics/BEACH2.gif)640x480, 98K Three fractal mountains with beautiful lakes. [![Lake 1](Pics/Small-Fractal-Mountain-1.gif)](Pics/Fractal-Mountain-1.jpeg)800x600, 149K [![Lake 2](Pics/Small-Fractal-Mountain-2.gif)](Pics/Fractal-Mountain-2.jpeg)800x600, 134K [![Lake 3](Pics/Small-Fractal-Mountain-3.gif)](Pics/Fractal-Mountain-3.jpeg)800x600, 102K The Grand Canyon with "slightly" changed colors and vegetation. :-) [![Green Canyon](Pics/Small-Grand-Canyon.gif)](Pics/Grand-Canyon.jpeg)800x600, 105K First try of a thunderstorm. [![Thunderstorm](Pics/Small-Thunder.gif)](Pics/Thunder.jpeg)800x600, 73K --- [[Home](http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/alex/home.html)] [[Handbooks](http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/alex/Handbooks/index.html)] [[Programs](http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/alex/Programs/index.html)] [[Rules](http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/alex/Rules/index.html)] [[Saved Postings](http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/alex/rec.games.frp.dnd/index.html)] [[Other Sites](http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/alex/RPGsites.html)] Page design by Alexander Forst-Rakoczy

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<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Street Fighter Paradise</title> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta content="SavAce" name="author"> <meta content="Celebrating Street Fighter: The Storytelling Game (and More!)" name="description"> <link rel="icon" href="logo.jpg" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="logo.jpg" /> <meta name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" />  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Street Fighter Paradise" href="https://sfrpg.neocities.org/rss.xml" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> </head> <body> <header> <h1>Welcome to Street Fighter Paradise!</h1> </header> <nav> <a href="https://sfrpg.neocities.org/index.html">Home & News</a> | <a href="https://sfrpg.neocities.org/articles.html">Articles & Resources</a> | <a href="https://sfrpg.neocities.org/sftsg.html"> Get Street Fighter: The Storytelling Game!</a> | <a href="https://sfrpg.neocities.org/sf20.html">My Street Fighter Projects!</a> | <a href="https://sfrpg.neocities.org/history.html">History of the Game</a> | <a href="https://sfrpg.neocities.org/links.html">Links</a> </nav> <aside> <img src="/SFParadise.png"> <h2>Sections</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://sfrpg.neocities.org/index.html">Home & News</a>: What's going on in the world of the Street Fighter RPG?</li> <li><a href="https://sfrpg.neocities.org/articles.html">Articles & Resources</a>: Resources I've compiled and any random musings.</li> <li><a href="https://sfrpg.neocities.org/sftsg.html"> Get Street Fighter: The Storytelling Game!</a>: Download some Street Fighter goodness and get playing!</li> <li><a href="https://sfrpg.neocities.org/sf20.html">My Street Fighter Projects!</a>: Including the Street Fighter 20th Anniversary edition, and anything else I may cook up.</li> <li><a href="https://sfrpg.neocities.org/history.html">History of the Game</a>: How did this all go down?</li> <li><a href="https://sfrpg.neocities.org/links.html">Links</a>: Connect with other Street Fighters and their groovy sites on the internet!</li> </ul> <br> <p style="text-align:center;"> <img src="/SFMiamiFade.png"></p> </aside> <section> <p>Street Fighter Paradise is a site dedicated to keeping the best roleplaying game ever published by White Wolf alive for future generations! In 1994 White Wolf, best known as the publisher of "Vampire: The Masquerade" and other "World of Darkness" games released "Street Fighter: The Storytelling Game". It was a much more upbeat, pulpy and exciting kind of game than their usual grim fare. Additionally, the game even managed to have an entertaining fight system! It really is pretty amazing how such an unlikely game came together so well.</p> <p>Here you can expect to find materials for runnning Street Fighter, links to other resources, updates on my personal Street Fighter RPG projects, and eventually some history of the game. Enjoy!</p> <hr> <h1>NEWS</h1> <hr> <a id="20231214"> <h3>December 14th, 2023</h3></a> <p>The year is coming to a close. I think I'd say 2023 has been a pretty good year for the Street Fighter RPG. Just last Monday, <a href="https://batjutsu.wordpress.com/tag/sfrpg/">Batjutsu</a> released a supplement of his own making covering the setting of the Brandon Lee movie "Rapid Fire." I helped a little with some layout advice and proof-reading, and it was nice to see what he was able to do with the final product. I'm always a huge fan of fan-made materials looking really slick and similar to the official books.</p> <p>Other things that have been happening since my last entry: Translations of Warrior's Fist have brought us up to issue 41, plus another special issue! Also, on the <a href="https://sfrpg.neocities.org/sftsg">"Get Street Fighter"</a> page I have slightly re-organized it to separate the 'zines and supplements. You'll see that I've added a number fan supplements to this area I had not displayed before.</p> <p>So, short update this time. The Facebook group has been satisfyingly busy with conversation lately. In my personal RPG life I've been playing some DC Heroes, but just last night my friend Rich hit me up with some errata for Street Fighter: The Storytelling Game 20th Anniversary. Why? Well, he was browsing it while thinking about maybe a new Street Fighter campaign. Who knows what 2024 will bring...</p> <a id="20230821"> <h3>August 21st, 2023</h3></a> <p>Summer 2023 resulted in yet more translations from the indefatigable <a href="https://batjutsu.wordpress.com/tag/sfrpg/">Batjutsu</a>, now bringing us up to Warrior's Fist #39! As always, make sure to pay him a visit, because he's been up to more than just the Warrior's Fist translations.</p> <p>Back on Saturday all of my friends from the "Hissatsu Waza" campaign I was in for over 2 years, we all got together in person for a fun scenario that included a charity tournament. It was the first and only "in person" session of the whole campaign where we used the Street Fighter rules. It was also one player's first time doing a full blown tournament, and she won! I should have figured out a way to get her!!! But... I kept making blocks that didn't pan out trying to set up my combos, or she unexpectedly was tossing a fireball and having range on me, etc. All of the classic stuff where the guessing games don't pan out and you're out of Willpower to compensate for your mistakes. Her character, Nadi, was an Instagram Yoga influencer, my character, Fernando Cruz, was a famous snowboarder born in Acapulco to a known Lucha Libre family. It was a blast and the characters all had that "We're old friends getting back together for a reunion" kind of vibe that was really nice.</p> <p>So, what about me and projects I've talked about in the past? Here I put together <b>Street Fighter: The Storytelling Game 20th Anniversary</b> back in 2015. I've made posts and promises on the English Street Fighter Facebook group in the past about a <b>Companion</b> for that. Then, back in March of last year, both here and in the Facebook group I made mention of a <b>30th Anniversary</b> project. Is there anything to any of what I'd said? To be honest, I really should not say, publically...</p> <p>I do continue work on a Street Fighter related project, however. I remember back when I was putting together SF:20 I'd made an announcement on Google+, and some time passed and there was a doubter. He figured it was just another random fan making promises they couldn't keep. I felt pretty proud about coming through. It felt good. Now, I have some in-person friends who have been involved in publishing some RPG related material. There are fires that burn, things I would like to prove, and all of that business. I hope to let everyone know when there is a much more solid offering to show.</p> <p><i><b>Follow Your Dreams, Street Fighters!</b></i></p> <a id="20220928"> <h3>September 28th, 2022</h3></a> <p>Summer 2022 produced some more translations from our beloved <a href="https://batjutsu.wordpress.com/tag/sfrpg/">Batjutsu</a>, including bringing us up to Warrior's Fist #33. While I don't provide links to everything he's translated, I'd recommend you stop over and pay the site a visit to see all that's been done. These include updates and new releases of fan source books involving properties such as Jackie Chan Adventures, King of Fighters, an update to the Circuit Guide, Guilty Gear, Virtua Fighter and Double Dragon! That feels like a lot, and you love to see it!</p> <p>Another recent incident: A new member of the Facebook group asked around about the creators of SF20, seeking their blessing to build upon the work in their own desire to create a Street Fighter retro-clone. If you're not familiar, a retro-clone is an RPG that functions as a legal clone of an older out of print RPG and they are often produced so that there is a set of rules that can be either freely made available, or it is possible to print and sell the clone, in a way keeping the game alive. There are some legal particulars you must attend to so as to not infringe copyright. Anyways, I granted my blessing, for what it is worth. I wrote maybe 6 pages of SF20, with the rest of it being a compilation of other peoples' copyrighted work, and I can't claim to bless the use of that on the original authors' behalf. It was nice of this new member to ask, though. Perhaps some of my analysis will be of a bit of use.</p> <p>Speaking of retro-cloning, or creating an RPG based on the principles of Street Fighter, it's definitely a thing I think about a decent amount. There really should be an actively available RPG that provides the magic that Street Fighter provided. I type things up and dream about it myself, but I wouldn't say I'm actively making such a game. If anything, working on SF20 taught me that producing a game is a real grind, like, actual real work! Heck, I didn't even write SF20, it was just a lot of transcribing, organizing and editing, along with layout. Still, I have my spreadsheets of maneuvers. Ideas about how styles should be altered. How I'd change the Attributes. How Abilities should be rethought. All kinds of ideas that float around, but not a ton that get firmly committed to. Best of luck to that group member and his idea for writing up his own game. Heck, maybe my own Dream Match will come to fruition someday.</p> <a id="20220322"> <h3>March 22nd, 2022</h3></a> <p>Last night I was searching through old documents when I stumbled upon something I never knew I'd actually printed out. I believe it was back around 2004... a company known as Living Room Games had obtained a license, and they'd begun work on a new game: Capcom World Tournament. Back in the day they'd made a 22 page Demo Pack available, which can still be found and downloaded for those curious as to what they had in mind. See, Capcom World Tournament never did see release, it'd only reached playtesting when things stalled out. In addition to the Demo Pack there were certain folks that were recruited for playtesting the game and they recieved a larger document. My friends and I managed to get in on the playtesting. I don't remember how exactly, if we'd e-mailed to apply for being playtesters, or my friend Rich talked to Joe Chan at GenCon, or what. Anyways, we statted up characters and gave the system a try. It was a very d20 Dungeons & Dragons 3rd edition era design. Some of the Street Fighter fandom have wondered what was in this document, but it had been lost. About a year back, Joe Chan gave permission to upload it, should it ever be found.</p> <br> <img src="JoeChanCWT.png" width="450"> <p>Anyways... enough teasing. <a href="https://dreamcloud.academy/brterry/SF/Capcom%20World%20Tournament%20Playtest.pdf">Here is what I have</a>! This is a scanned plain text copy I had sitting in my closet, hiding away. It has been OCR'd. It is 118 pages long, but I'm not 100% sure it is the entire document, as you'll see when you look at it. Have fun checking out this old Street Fighter curio.</p> <a id="20220309"> <h3>March 9th, 2022</h3></a> <p>Hello Street Fighters! We're well into 2022 now, and it's past time for an update on the state of things. In my personal life, I've still been having a blast playing Street Fighter in our "Hissatsuwaza: Fighting with Style" campaign, which has been running for 30 sessions so far. One aspect of the campaign I'd like to eventually bring to the site is the new Maneuvers that have been created. My GM has been pretty creative with new maneuvers, some of the moves possibly being overpowered or underpowered, or some just interesting primarily for their out of combat possibilities, but interesting regardless.</p> <p>How about the online community? Well, a few more Warrior's Fist issues have been added since my last update, bringing us all of the way up to issue #30 thanks to the <a href="https://www.sfrpg.com.br/shotokan/">Brazilian team</a> and the translation efforts of <a href="https://batjutsu.wordpress.com/">Batjutsu</a>. Other supplements from that scene have been translated as well, including:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://batjutsu.wordpress.com/2022/02/12/sfrpg-world-tour/">SFRPG World Tour</a>: A supplement full of stage maps.</li> <li><a href="https://batjutsu.wordpress.com/2022/01/08/sfrpg-emergent-cities/">SFRPG Emergent Cities</a>: A City Generator for the RPG.</li> <li><a href="https://batjutsu.wordpress.com/2021/12/11/killer-instinct-for-street-fighter-rpg/">Killer Instinct for SFRPG</a>: What it says it is!</li> <li><a href="https://batjutsu.wordpress.com/2021/11/06/darkstalkers-for-street-fighter-rpg/">Darkstalkers for SFRPG</a>: Also what you might expect.</li> <li><a href="https://batjutsu.wordpress.com/2021/10/23/dominus-solo-rules-for-street-fighter-rpg/">Dominus Solo Rules for SFRPG</a>: Some rules for playing SFRPG on your own.</li> </ul> <p>Any news about my own Street Fighter work? Well, interestingly I've now seen another site that sells my SF20 as a hardcover book with bookmark ribbons, which is awesome.</p> <img src="/SF20PoD.jpg"> <p>Also, I've been playing the hell out of Streets of Rage 4 and just getting into Streets of Rage in general, which is tempting me to make a supplement for the Street Fighter RPG based on it. The team that made SoR4 also provided great Press Kits and Fan Kits that include a lot of images and sprites... it's beautiful! I've done that thing where I mock up covers and start compiling lists of what would need to be included in such a supplement. I probably shouldn't even mention it without having more done... but the desire to make it happen is there.</p> <img src="/SoRSup.jpg"> <p>Beyond SF20, in the past I have mentioned working on other projects, such as the SF20 Companion or Metro City by Night. Is there any hope I might complete those? My thinking has evolved on this issue. One problem with the SF20 Companion (which I have mountains of material completed for) it that it is absolutely huge (probably 2.5 times more pages than SF20 I'd guess?). Then there is SF20 itself. I am very happy with SF20 and I even see it quite often on download sites presented as if it were the official rules, but it has a few errors I'd love to see corrected. If I corrected the (minor) issues in SF20 and released it, that's cool, but I feel the updated PDF would be confused with the old PDF and never really replace the outdated one in the various download archives. I would also like to mention... I released SF20 back in September 2015, today it is March 2022, and 2024 will be the 30th Anniversary of White Wolf's release of the Street Fighter core book... You see what I'm implying?</p> <br> <center><img src="/SF30.png"> <br> <em>The Street Fighter: The Storytelling Game 30th Anniversary Project</em></center> <br> <ul> <li>The original book and all published supplements recreated as they were 30 years ago, but as clean, searchable PDFs!</li> <li>The Street Fighter: The Storytelling Game 30th Anniversary Compendium, everything you need to play compiled into one book!</li> </ul> <p>Oh man... what am I doing to myself?</p> <a id="20210829"> <h3>August 29th, 2021</h3></a> <p>Summer is nearing its end. What of the Street Fighter community? Well, the Brazilian community is still producing! Since my last post, <a href="https://batjutsu.wordpress.com/">Mr. Batjutsu</a> has completed translation on and publication of two new issues of Warrior's Fist (Issues 26 and 27), as well as a new supplement: The Street Fighter Circuit Guide - Basic! Check out his site for the files, and I've also including links in the <a href="https://sfrpg.neocities.org/sftsg.html">"Get Street Fighter: The Storytelling Game!"</a> section of the site as well. The Facebook group still sees traffic, which is nice. I've also started another blog dedicated to what I call "Modern Action Role-Playing", and I call it <a href="https://uziscapeskatanas.blogspot.com/">"Uzis, Capes & Katanas"</a>. Among other things there, I've participated in something called #RPGaDay2021, where every day of August I write an article based on a prompt word for the day. As for what's Street Fighter related about it, well, loving the game, it just naturally comes up from time to time over there, but also on <a href="https://uziscapeskatanas.blogspot.com/2021/08/rpgaday2021-day-24-translate.html">Day 24: Translate</a>, I discuss some history of the Street Fighter scene online, and how great the recent Portuguese/English scene collaborations have been. Feel free to check it out if you're into reading people rave about this game!</p> <a id="20210330"> <h3>March 30th, 2021</h3></a> <p>The Street Fighter RPG was released over 26 years ago! 26 years is a long time for a game to be out of print, but until recently it was easy enough to pick up copies of the old books on a site like <a href="https://www.ebay.com/sch/i.html?_from=R40&_trksid=p2380057.m570.l1313&_nkw=Street+Fighter%3A+The+Storytelling+Game&_sacat=0">eBay</a>. If you click on that eBay link however, you'll see that currently the books are selling for $50 - $100!!! That's pretty crazy, but I guess it's supply & demand at work. 6 years back, when I created the 20th Anniversary edition, it was definitely because I wanted the rules to survive into the future, even if no new books were ever produced. A really funny thing I noticed a couple weeks back however, really made me laugh. It was another eBay auction!</p> <br> <img src="/ebay.jpg"> <br> <p>Yes! Someone had printed out a copy of the 20th Anniversary Edition, stuffed it in some sleeves, and was selling it as the real game! In the description, it includes the line, "Every page is sleeved and in perfect condition!" Now, this kind of thing is capable of bothering some folks, but I find it hilarious and kind of flattering. Also, if the real books are selling for $80, I can kinda see how it creates an opening for this kind of thing. Street Fighter finds a way to continue.</p> <p>What else is going on in the world of Street Fighter role playing? Well, <a href="https://batjutsu.wordpress.com/2021/03/30/warriors-fist-25-street-fighter-translation/">Batjutsu</a> continues his work at keeping the works of the Brazilian SF scene translated, his last work being on <a href="https://batjutsu.wordpress.com/2021/03/30/warriors-fist-25-street-fighter-translation/">Warrior's Fist #25</a>, among other little bits and bobs I suggest you check out if you're needing new Street Fighter material! In my personal life, I'm still in a Street Fighter campaign where this weekend we just played the 18th session! That's a pretty healthy run of game, and it seems like there is no end in sight. Eventually I'm going to need to compile some of the Special Maneuvers that have been created during the course of the campaign and get them up where you all can see them! Until then, stay strong Fighter!</p> <a id="20201231"> <h3>December 31st, 2020</h3></a> <p>The trying year of 2020 is now coming to a close. As much of a challenge the year has been for many of us, 2020 has maybe been the best year the Street Fighter RPG fandom has seen in at least 4 years! We've seen <a href="https://batjutsu.wordpress.com/">Mr. Batjutsu</a> complete translation of every Warrior's Fist 'zine in existence, including the fresh new Holiday 2020 <a href="https://batjutsu.wordpress.com/2020/12/25/warriors-fist-special-08-street-fighter-translation/">Warrior's Fist Special #8</a>, as well as the <a href="https://batjutsu.wordpress.com/2020/12/06/street-fighter-updates/">Street Fighter Circuit Guide</a> a Mortal Kombat supplement, and an index of all the articles from Warrior's Fist! In June of this year, Matt Meade pushed out a fresh revision of his <a href="https://sfrpg.com/wp-content/uploads/sfrpg_ebook1.pdf">G-File</a> sourcebook that included stats for Necalli and some additional maneuvers. Matt also worked with Ingo Muller to aid in editing and translation of Ingo's excellent adventure <a href="https://dreamcloud.academy/brterry/SF/StreetFighter-ShadowsOverTheSun.pdf">Shadows Over the Sun</a>. Also, not to forget Eric "Musashi" Souza, Odmir Fortez and Gabriel Tabatcheik, who were the source of so much of the material that got translated this year! 2020 was definitely the year of the total Brazilian & American scene crossover. The beginning of the year also saw a lot of conversation and rules questions and musings on the Facebook group that were highly entertaining, and we even saw some old proposals straight from Andrew J. Lucas that he pitched to White Wolf back in the day. Finally, I've enjoyed playing with my Street Fighter site here, and today I've added a brand new resource: <a href="https://sfrpg.neocities.org/articles/charactercompendium.html">The Street Fighter Character Compendium</a>! This compendium contains the character sheets for every character made in the core rules and every supplement published for Street Fighter during its original run. It's kinda done up in the style of a Character Select screen. Hope you enjoy it, and have blast in 2021!</p> <a id="20201213"> <h3>December 13th, 2020</h3></a> <p>Hey Street Fighters! In the world of the RPG fandom, <a href="https://batjutsu.wordpress.com/">Mr. Batjutsu</a> has finally done it! He's translated every Warrior's Fist 'zine, including the latest issue #23. Also, the Street Fighter Circuit Guide has been updated to include an appendix describing an alternate way of playing the game in more of a "run through the fight career" style you may wanna check out. Might as well, it's all free! Personally, I've been having a blast playing in a campaign with some friends from back in the day. "Hissatsuwaza: Fighting with Style!" is a campaign that sees us as the cast of a reality TV show where we travel the world, eat food at vacation spots, and meet with local martial artists, where undoubtedly something ridiculous, fun, and martial artsy will go down. We've been playing now for, I believe, 11 sessions! Feels great to be playing a game while also being involved in the fandom. Makes me feel like it's not just me running on some old nostalgia, but it's a real living thing I'm going on about here. Maybe I should do up an article regarding some of the special maneuvers the GM has cooked up for this game, just in case they strike anyone's fancy. I can tell you, this game holds up! If you can, I hope you're able hop on and give this game another ride, because it's all good times.</p> <a id="20200924"> <h3>September 24th, 2020</h3></a> <p>What's new in the world of Street Fighter roleplaying? Well, we can thank Richard "Bat" Brewster for it! The efforts to translate the Brazilian fan magazine, "Punho do Guerreiro" (Warrior's Fist) has continued at a good pace. As I write this, 25 issues have been translated (19 regular issues, and 6 special issues), leaving only 3 issues before Richard will have caught up to having everything translated up to the current Brazilian output. That's been pretty amazing and great. Another supplement out of the Brazilian scene has also been translated, and it's a good one: The Street Fighter Circuit Guide. This guide is what many felt the original "Contenders" supplement should have been. It is a compilation of fighters for every style and at multiple ranks, so poor Street Fighter GMs don't need to stat out a million fighters to fill out 16 man tournament brackets every session. It's very usable and straight to the point. If you're running a Street Fighter game, I highly recommend you check it out. You can find links to all of this material in the <a href="https://sfrpg.neocities.org/sftsg.html">"Get Street Fighter: The Storytelling Game!"</a> section of the site right here.</p> <a id="20200607"> <h3>June 7th, 2020</h3></a> <p>The Street Fighter RPG scene has produced! The recent uptick in activity on the Street Fighter RPG Facebook group has been followed up with the release of new material. Among those, today Matt Meade has released his latest version of the <a href="https://sfrpg.com/g-file-update-5/">G-File</a>! Prior to that, <a href="https://sfrpg.com/shadows-over-the-sun/">Shadows Over the Sun</a>, a new, sizable and quality adventure out of the Brazilian scene had been translated and is now available. The production values are good, and the adventure is decent as well. Also, <a href="https://batjutsu.wordpress.com/tag/sfrpg/">Batjutsu</a> has been continuing translation efforts on Warrior's Fist, having turned out 7 regular and 2 special issues of this Brazilian fan magazine! Surpising almost everyone, 2020 is turning out to be a decent year to be a fan of Street Fighter: The Storytelling Game (even if 2020 may otherwise have... shortcomings).</p> <p>As for my own efforts, they have been lax. I have begun the task of laying the Street Fighter 20th Anniversary Edition out using Affinity Publisher, and have made my way through the front material and through the 1st couple of chapters. This is not bad, and it is simply a matter of putting in the time to get the rest poured into the new program. There is no "I don't know what to do" about the process holding me up. Then after that, it'd be the corrections and soliciting feedback. With the fandom being as active as it is now, it's going to be a good time for me to get some feedback too, I expect. Anyways, enjoy the latest fruits of the fandom!</p> <a id="20200520"> <h3>May 20th, 2020</h3></a> <p>Almost 5 years ago I released the 20th Anniversary edition of the Street Fighter RPG. Now it's time for an update! You may notice the site here has seen a bit of a refresh as well. Originally, SF20 was created in LibreOffice, doing whatever I could at the time to make it look like the original books in style. Over the course of the last 5 years some notes have stacked up, as far as errata and improvements needed to SF20, and I've finally begun the process of putting together an updated version. This started with me taking my old files and recreating everything in Affinity Publisher (a layout program similar to Adobe's InDesign). I hope to have that process completed by this Sunday, May 24th. From there, it's time to take notes and incorporate fixes. After I hit everything I've thought of, I'll be getting the revised edition out to some editors to check over. Then... ultimately, a new release!</p> <p>So, what has me working on a new release now after 5 years? Well, back when I was originally putting together SF20, I told myself I would eventually complete the project by releasing a "Street Fighter: The Storytelling Game 20th Anniversary Companion", meant to contain all of the characters, locations, adventures, fiction, and other bits that never made it into the original SF20. Between SF20 and the Companion, I'd then have a full replacement for all of the original materials published for the game. Now, 5 years ago, the layout challenge was more than I was up to. Also, SF20 admittedly burnt me out a bit. Recently, however, the Street Fighter Facebook group has seen a massive uptick in activity. Additionally, the Brazilians continue to pump out material for the game, including their own take on a 20th Anniversary edition. This, combined with the strange isolation brought about by "The Plague-Times", has inspired me to step up to the plate again. The actual task of revising SF20 is not huge, but there is enough to fix that I'd love to do it. So, the idea is that the SF20 revision, besides being a needed revision, is also a good step to teach me the ins and outs of Affinity Publisher. This, then, will put me in a good skill position to tackle the Companion. The actual writing, art and character sheets have been ready for the Companion for about 3 years now! It's time to bring it home.</p> <a id="20150908"> <h3>September 8th, 2015</h3></a> <p>After entirely too much effort, I am proud to announce that the "Street Fighter: The Storytelling Game 20th Anniversary" Project has released! Check out the <a href="https://sfrpg.neocities.org/sf20.html">SF:20 Project!</a> page for links to download the book itself, as well as all of the original source files so you can play with it yourself!</p> <a id="20150817"> <h3>August 17th, 2015</h3></a> <p>I can't say that I met my goal of having everything transcribed by the end of last week, but additional progress has been made. The most notable you can find here is solid work on the ending Conclusions Chapter. In addition, some material was added to Chapters 1, 2 and 7. Not visible here is a lot of other transcription work I've done that has yet to be incorporated into the existing chapters. Many of the Spot Rules from the various books have been typed up. As of now, all I believe that remains is to complete transcription of Chapter 4 of the Player's Guide, and Part 2: Chapter 2: Duelist from Contenders. Each of these chapters has been hacked at a bit, but still need to be completed. Feel free to check out the new content on the SF20 Project Page! September 1st release is still looking possible!</p> <a id="20150812"> <h3>August 12th, 2015</h3></a> <p>'Chapter 1: Introduction' has been added to and heavily revised. In addition to material introducing the book itself, material from Chapter 2 of the original book was added introducing the fictional world of Street Fighter. Also, I did another formatting and editing pass through all of the chapters and have exported updated PDFs so you can see their current state. After finishing Chapter 9 last week, I completed a review of material so I have a pretty good handle on what still needs to be done to get this project finished! I have about 1.5 chapters worth of material to type up, along with some miscellaneous bits and bobs. I'm aiming to get them all typed up by the end of the week, which should keep me on track for meeting my goal of "Project PDF publicly released on September 1st". I'm getting kinda excited...</p> <a id="20150806"> <h3>August 6th, 2015</h3></a> <p>'Chapter 9: Storytelling' has been added to the SF20 project page. I'm making progress here again! Now to take a sweep through all of the 'Street Fighter: The Storytelling Game' books and take notes on everything I still need to add to get this project wrapped up! My goal is to get this done by the end of August... which is a bold thing to say publicly, but it is what I'm pushing for. Wish me luck!</p> <a id="20150728"> <h3>July 28th, 2015</h3></a> <p>Some of the other pages have been added, but the only one with some real content so far is the SF:20 Project page. Check it out! It contains links to the current work in progress files for the Street Fighter: The Storytelling Game 20th Anniversary Edition. Some actual usable stuff here if you're a fan of the game!</p> <a id="20150727"> <h3>July 27th, 2015</h3></a> <p>Today I started the site! I've done some coloring and CSS styling, but all of the goodness is yet to come!</p> </section> <footer> Face it Straight! Go for Broke! </footer> </body> </html>

Street Fighter Paradise # Welcome to Street Fighter Paradise! [Home & News](https://sfrpg.neocities.org/index.html) | [Articles & Resources](https://sfrpg.neocities.org/articles.html) | [Get Street Fighter: The Storytelling Game!](https://sfrpg.neocities.org/sftsg.html) | [My Street Fighter Projects!](https://sfrpg.neocities.org/sf20.html) | [History of the Game](https://sfrpg.neocities.org/history.html) | [Links](https://sfrpg.neocities.org/links.html) ![](/SFParadise.png) ## Sections * [Home & News](https://sfrpg.neocities.org/index.html): What's going on in the world of the Street Fighter RPG? * [Articles & Resources](https://sfrpg.neocities.org/articles.html): Resources I've compiled and any random musings. * [Get Street Fighter: The Storytelling Game!](https://sfrpg.neocities.org/sftsg.html): Download some Street Fighter goodness and get playing! * [My Street Fighter Projects!](https://sfrpg.neocities.org/sf20.html): Including the Street Fighter 20th Anniversary edition, and anything else I may cook up. * [History of the Game](https://sfrpg.neocities.org/history.html): How did this all go down? * [Links](https://sfrpg.neocities.org/links.html): Connect with other Street Fighters and their groovy sites on the internet! ![](/SFMiamiFade.png) Street Fighter Paradise is a site dedicated to keeping the best roleplaying game ever published by White Wolf alive for future generations! In 1994 White Wolf, best known as the publisher of "Vampire: The Masquerade" and other "World of Darkness" games released "Street Fighter: The Storytelling Game". It was a much more upbeat, pulpy and exciting kind of game than their usual grim fare. Additionally, the game even managed to have an entertaining fight system! It really is pretty amazing how such an unlikely game came together so well. Here you can expect to find materials for runnning Street Fighter, links to other resources, updates on my personal Street Fighter RPG projects, and eventually some history of the game. Enjoy! --- # NEWS --- ### December 14th, 2023 The year is coming to a close. I think I'd say 2023 has been a pretty good year for the Street Fighter RPG. Just last Monday, [Batjutsu](https://batjutsu.wordpress.com/tag/sfrpg/) released a supplement of his own making covering the setting of the Brandon Lee movie "Rapid Fire." I helped a little with some layout advice and proof-reading, and it was nice to see what he was able to do with the final product. I'm always a huge fan of fan-made materials looking really slick and similar to the official books. Other things that have been happening since my last entry: Translations of Warrior's Fist have brought us up to issue 41, plus another special issue! Also, on the ["Get Street Fighter"](https://sfrpg.neocities.org/sftsg) page I have slightly re-organized it to separate the 'zines and supplements. You'll see that I've added a number fan supplements to this area I had not displayed before. So, short update this time. The Facebook group has been satisfyingly busy with conversation lately. In my personal RPG life I've been playing some DC Heroes, but just last night my friend Rich hit me up with some errata for Street Fighter: The Storytelling Game 20th Anniversary. Why? Well, he was browsing it while thinking about maybe a new Street Fighter campaign. Who knows what 2024 will bring... ### August 21st, 2023 Summer 2023 resulted in yet more translations from the indefatigable [Batjutsu](https://batjutsu.wordpress.com/tag/sfrpg/), now bringing us up to Warrior's Fist #39! As always, make sure to pay him a visit, because he's been up to more than just the Warrior's Fist translations. Back on Saturday all of my friends from the "Hissatsu Waza" campaign I was in for over 2 years, we all got together in person for a fun scenario that included a charity tournament. It was the first and only "in person" session of the whole campaign where we used the Street Fighter rules. It was also one player's first time doing a full blown tournament, and she won! I should have figured out a way to get her!!! But... I kept making blocks that didn't pan out trying to set up my combos, or she unexpectedly was tossing a fireball and having range on me, etc. All of the classic stuff where the guessing games don't pan out and you're out of Willpower to compensate for your mistakes. Her character, Nadi, was an Instagram Yoga influencer, my character, Fernando Cruz, was a famous snowboarder born in Acapulco to a known Lucha Libre family. It was a blast and the characters all had that "We're old friends getting back together for a reunion" kind of vibe that was really nice. So, what about me and projects I've talked about in the past? Here I put together **Street Fighter: The Storytelling Game 20th Anniversary** back in 2015. I've made posts and promises on the English Street Fighter Facebook group in the past about a **Companion** for that. Then, back in March of last year, both here and in the Facebook group I made mention of a **30th Anniversary** project. Is there anything to any of what I'd said? To be honest, I really should not say, publically... I do continue work on a Street Fighter related project, however. I remember back when I was putting together SF:20 I'd made an announcement on Google+, and some time passed and there was a doubter. He figured it was just another random fan making promises they couldn't keep. I felt pretty proud about coming through. It felt good. Now, I have some in-person friends who have been involved in publishing some RPG related material. There are fires that burn, things I would like to prove, and all of that business. I hope to let everyone know when there is a much more solid offering to show. ***Follow Your Dreams, Street Fighters!*** ### September 28th, 2022 Summer 2022 produced some more translations from our beloved [Batjutsu](https://batjutsu.wordpress.com/tag/sfrpg/), including bringing us up to Warrior's Fist #33. While I don't provide links to everything he's translated, I'd recommend you stop over and pay the site a visit to see all that's been done. These include updates and new releases of fan source books involving properties such as Jackie Chan Adventures, King of Fighters, an update to the Circuit Guide, Guilty Gear, Virtua Fighter and Double Dragon! That feels like a lot, and you love to see it! Another recent incident: A new member of the Facebook group asked around about the creators of SF20, seeking their blessing to build upon the work in their own desire to create a Street Fighter retro-clone. If you're not familiar, a retro-clone is an RPG that functions as a legal clone of an older out of print RPG and they are often produced so that there is a set of rules that can be either freely made available, or it is possible to print and sell the clone, in a way keeping the game alive. There are some legal particulars you must attend to so as to not infringe copyright. Anyways, I granted my blessing, for what it is worth. I wrote maybe 6 pages of SF20, with the rest of it being a compilation of other peoples' copyrighted work, and I can't claim to bless the use of that on the original authors' behalf. It was nice of this new member to ask, though. Perhaps some of my analysis will be of a bit of use. Speaking of retro-cloning, or creating an RPG based on the principles of Street Fighter, it's definitely a thing I think about a decent amount. There really should be an actively available RPG that provides the magic that Street Fighter provided. I type things up and dream about it myself, but I wouldn't say I'm actively making such a game. If anything, working on SF20 taught me that producing a game is a real grind, like, actual real work! Heck, I didn't even write SF20, it was just a lot of transcribing, organizing and editing, along with layout. Still, I have my spreadsheets of maneuvers. Ideas about how styles should be altered. How I'd change the Attributes. How Abilities should be rethought. All kinds of ideas that float around, but not a ton that get firmly committed to. Best of luck to that group member and his idea for writing up his own game. Heck, maybe my own Dream Match will come to fruition someday. ### March 22nd, 2022 Last night I was searching through old documents when I stumbled upon something I never knew I'd actually printed out. I believe it was back around 2004... a company known as Living Room Games had obtained a license, and they'd begun work on a new game: Capcom World Tournament. Back in the day they'd made a 22 page Demo Pack available, which can still be found and downloaded for those curious as to what they had in mind. See, Capcom World Tournament never did see release, it'd only reached playtesting when things stalled out. In addition to the Demo Pack there were certain folks that were recruited for playtesting the game and they recieved a larger document. My friends and I managed to get in on the playtesting. I don't remember how exactly, if we'd e-mailed to apply for being playtesters, or my friend Rich talked to Joe Chan at GenCon, or what. Anyways, we statted up characters and gave the system a try. It was a very d20 Dungeons & Dragons 3rd edition era design. Some of the Street Fighter fandom have wondered what was in this document, but it had been lost. About a year back, Joe Chan gave permission to upload it, should it ever be found. ![](JoeChanCWT.png) Anyways... enough teasing. [Here is what I have](https://dreamcloud.academy/brterry/SF/Capcom%20World%20Tournament%20Playtest.pdf)! This is a scanned plain text copy I had sitting in my closet, hiding away. It has been OCR'd. It is 118 pages long, but I'm not 100% sure it is the entire document, as you'll see when you look at it. Have fun checking out this old Street Fighter curio. ### March 9th, 2022 Hello Street Fighters! We're well into 2022 now, and it's past time for an update on the state of things. In my personal life, I've still been having a blast playing Street Fighter in our "Hissatsuwaza: Fighting with Style" campaign, which has been running for 30 sessions so far. One aspect of the campaign I'd like to eventually bring to the site is the new Maneuvers that have been created. My GM has been pretty creative with new maneuvers, some of the moves possibly being overpowered or underpowered, or some just interesting primarily for their out of combat possibilities, but interesting regardless. How about the online community? Well, a few more Warrior's Fist issues have been added since my last update, bringing us all of the way up to issue #30 thanks to the [Brazilian team](https://www.sfrpg.com.br/shotokan/) and the translation efforts of [Batjutsu](https://batjutsu.wordpress.com/). Other supplements from that scene have been translated as well, including: * [SFRPG World Tour](https://batjutsu.wordpress.com/2022/02/12/sfrpg-world-tour/): A supplement full of stage maps. * [SFRPG Emergent Cities](https://batjutsu.wordpress.com/2022/01/08/sfrpg-emergent-cities/): A City Generator for the RPG. * [Killer Instinct for SFRPG](https://batjutsu.wordpress.com/2021/12/11/killer-instinct-for-street-fighter-rpg/): What it says it is! * [Darkstalkers for SFRPG](https://batjutsu.wordpress.com/2021/11/06/darkstalkers-for-street-fighter-rpg/): Also what you might expect. * [Dominus Solo Rules for SFRPG](https://batjutsu.wordpress.com/2021/10/23/dominus-solo-rules-for-street-fighter-rpg/): Some rules for playing SFRPG on your own. Any news about my own Street Fighter work? Well, interestingly I've now seen another site that sells my SF20 as a hardcover book with bookmark ribbons, which is awesome. ![](/SF20PoD.jpg) Also, I've been playing the hell out of Streets of Rage 4 and just getting into Streets of Rage in general, which is tempting me to make a supplement for the Street Fighter RPG based on it. The team that made SoR4 also provided great Press Kits and Fan Kits that include a lot of images and sprites... it's beautiful! I've done that thing where I mock up covers and start compiling lists of what would need to be included in such a supplement. I probably shouldn't even mention it without having more done... but the desire to make it happen is there. ![](/SoRSup.jpg) Beyond SF20, in the past I have mentioned working on other projects, such as the SF20 Companion or Metro City by Night. Is there any hope I might complete those? My thinking has evolved on this issue. One problem with the SF20 Companion (which I have mountains of material completed for) it that it is absolutely huge (probably 2.5 times more pages than SF20 I'd guess?). Then there is SF20 itself. I am very happy with SF20 and I even see it quite often on download sites presented as if it were the official rules, but it has a few errors I'd love to see corrected. If I corrected the (minor) issues in SF20 and released it, that's cool, but I feel the updated PDF would be confused with the old PDF and never really replace the outdated one in the various download archives. I would also like to mention... I released SF20 back in September 2015, today it is March 2022, and 2024 will be the 30th Anniversary of White Wolf's release of the Street Fighter core book... You see what I'm implying? ![](/SF30.png) *The Street Fighter: The Storytelling Game 30th Anniversary Project* * The original book and all published supplements recreated as they were 30 years ago, but as clean, searchable PDFs! * The Street Fighter: The Storytelling Game 30th Anniversary Compendium, everything you need to play compiled into one book! Oh man... what am I doing to myself? ### August 29th, 2021 Summer is nearing its end. What of the Street Fighter community? Well, the Brazilian community is still producing! Since my last post, [Mr. Batjutsu](https://batjutsu.wordpress.com/) has completed translation on and publication of two new issues of Warrior's Fist (Issues 26 and 27), as well as a new supplement: The Street Fighter Circuit Guide - Basic! Check out his site for the files, and I've also including links in the ["Get Street Fighter: The Storytelling Game!"](https://sfrpg.neocities.org/sftsg.html) section of the site as well. The Facebook group still sees traffic, which is nice. I've also started another blog dedicated to what I call "Modern Action Role-Playing", and I call it ["Uzis, Capes & Katanas"](https://uziscapeskatanas.blogspot.com/). Among other things there, I've participated in something called #RPGaDay2021, where every day of August I write an article based on a prompt word for the day. As for what's Street Fighter related about it, well, loving the game, it just naturally comes up from time to time over there, but also on [Day 24: Translate](https://uziscapeskatanas.blogspot.com/2021/08/rpgaday2021-day-24-translate.html), I discuss some history of the Street Fighter scene online, and how great the recent Portuguese/English scene collaborations have been. Feel free to check it out if you're into reading people rave about this game! ### March 30th, 2021 The Street Fighter RPG was released over 26 years ago! 26 years is a long time for a game to be out of print, but until recently it was easy enough to pick up copies of the old books on a site like [eBay](https://www.ebay.com/sch/i.html?_from=R40&_trksid=p2380057.m570.l1313&_nkw=Street+Fighter%3A+The+Storytelling+Game&_sacat=0). If you click on that eBay link however, you'll see that currently the books are selling for $50 - $100!!! That's pretty crazy, but I guess it's supply & demand at work. 6 years back, when I created the 20th Anniversary edition, it was definitely because I wanted the rules to survive into the future, even if no new books were ever produced. A really funny thing I noticed a couple weeks back however, really made me laugh. It was another eBay auction! ![](/ebay.jpg) Yes! Someone had printed out a copy of the 20th Anniversary Edition, stuffed it in some sleeves, and was selling it as the real game! In the description, it includes the line, "Every page is sleeved and in perfect condition!" Now, this kind of thing is capable of bothering some folks, but I find it hilarious and kind of flattering. Also, if the real books are selling for $80, I can kinda see how it creates an opening for this kind of thing. Street Fighter finds a way to continue. What else is going on in the world of Street Fighter role playing? Well, [Batjutsu](https://batjutsu.wordpress.com/2021/03/30/warriors-fist-25-street-fighter-translation/) continues his work at keeping the works of the Brazilian SF scene translated, his last work being on [Warrior's Fist #25](https://batjutsu.wordpress.com/2021/03/30/warriors-fist-25-street-fighter-translation/), among other little bits and bobs I suggest you check out if you're needing new Street Fighter material! In my personal life, I'm still in a Street Fighter campaign where this weekend we just played the 18th session! That's a pretty healthy run of game, and it seems like there is no end in sight. Eventually I'm going to need to compile some of the Special Maneuvers that have been created during the course of the campaign and get them up where you all can see them! Until then, stay strong Fighter! ### December 31st, 2020 The trying year of 2020 is now coming to a close. As much of a challenge the year has been for many of us, 2020 has maybe been the best year the Street Fighter RPG fandom has seen in at least 4 years! We've seen [Mr. Batjutsu](https://batjutsu.wordpress.com/) complete translation of every Warrior's Fist 'zine in existence, including the fresh new Holiday 2020 [Warrior's Fist Special #8](https://batjutsu.wordpress.com/2020/12/25/warriors-fist-special-08-street-fighter-translation/), as well as the [Street Fighter Circuit Guide](https://batjutsu.wordpress.com/2020/12/06/street-fighter-updates/) a Mortal Kombat supplement, and an index of all the articles from Warrior's Fist! In June of this year, Matt Meade pushed out a fresh revision of his [G-File](https://sfrpg.com/wp-content/uploads/sfrpg_ebook1.pdf) sourcebook that included stats for Necalli and some additional maneuvers. Matt also worked with Ingo Muller to aid in editing and translation of Ingo's excellent adventure [Shadows Over the Sun](https://dreamcloud.academy/brterry/SF/StreetFighter-ShadowsOverTheSun.pdf). Also, not to forget Eric "Musashi" Souza, Odmir Fortez and Gabriel Tabatcheik, who were the source of so much of the material that got translated this year! 2020 was definitely the year of the total Brazilian & American scene crossover. The beginning of the year also saw a lot of conversation and rules questions and musings on the Facebook group that were highly entertaining, and we even saw some old proposals straight from Andrew J. Lucas that he pitched to White Wolf back in the day. Finally, I've enjoyed playing with my Street Fighter site here, and today I've added a brand new resource: [The Street Fighter Character Compendium](https://sfrpg.neocities.org/articles/charactercompendium.html)! This compendium contains the character sheets for every character made in the core rules and every supplement published for Street Fighter during its original run. It's kinda done up in the style of a Character Select screen. Hope you enjoy it, and have blast in 2021! ### December 13th, 2020 Hey Street Fighters! In the world of the RPG fandom, [Mr. Batjutsu](https://batjutsu.wordpress.com/) has finally done it! He's translated every Warrior's Fist 'zine, including the latest issue #23. Also, the Street Fighter Circuit Guide has been updated to include an appendix describing an alternate way of playing the game in more of a "run through the fight career" style you may wanna check out. Might as well, it's all free! Personally, I've been having a blast playing in a campaign with some friends from back in the day. "Hissatsuwaza: Fighting with Style!" is a campaign that sees us as the cast of a reality TV show where we travel the world, eat food at vacation spots, and meet with local martial artists, where undoubtedly something ridiculous, fun, and martial artsy will go down. We've been playing now for, I believe, 11 sessions! Feels great to be playing a game while also being involved in the fandom. Makes me feel like it's not just me running on some old nostalgia, but it's a real living thing I'm going on about here. Maybe I should do up an article regarding some of the special maneuvers the GM has cooked up for this game, just in case they strike anyone's fancy. I can tell you, this game holds up! If you can, I hope you're able hop on and give this game another ride, because it's all good times. ### September 24th, 2020 What's new in the world of Street Fighter roleplaying? Well, we can thank Richard "Bat" Brewster for it! The efforts to translate the Brazilian fan magazine, "Punho do Guerreiro" (Warrior's Fist) has continued at a good pace. As I write this, 25 issues have been translated (19 regular issues, and 6 special issues), leaving only 3 issues before Richard will have caught up to having everything translated up to the current Brazilian output. That's been pretty amazing and great. Another supplement out of the Brazilian scene has also been translated, and it's a good one: The Street Fighter Circuit Guide. This guide is what many felt the original "Contenders" supplement should have been. It is a compilation of fighters for every style and at multiple ranks, so poor Street Fighter GMs don't need to stat out a million fighters to fill out 16 man tournament brackets every session. It's very usable and straight to the point. If you're running a Street Fighter game, I highly recommend you check it out. You can find links to all of this material in the ["Get Street Fighter: The Storytelling Game!"](https://sfrpg.neocities.org/sftsg.html) section of the site right here. ### June 7th, 2020 The Street Fighter RPG scene has produced! The recent uptick in activity on the Street Fighter RPG Facebook group has been followed up with the release of new material. Among those, today Matt Meade has released his latest version of the [G-File](https://sfrpg.com/g-file-update-5/)! Prior to that, [Shadows Over the Sun](https://sfrpg.com/shadows-over-the-sun/), a new, sizable and quality adventure out of the Brazilian scene had been translated and is now available. The production values are good, and the adventure is decent as well. Also, [Batjutsu](https://batjutsu.wordpress.com/tag/sfrpg/) has been continuing translation efforts on Warrior's Fist, having turned out 7 regular and 2 special issues of this Brazilian fan magazine! Surpising almost everyone, 2020 is turning out to be a decent year to be a fan of Street Fighter: The Storytelling Game (even if 2020 may otherwise have... shortcomings). As for my own efforts, they have been lax. I have begun the task of laying the Street Fighter 20th Anniversary Edition out using Affinity Publisher, and have made my way through the front material and through the 1st couple of chapters. This is not bad, and it is simply a matter of putting in the time to get the rest poured into the new program. There is no "I don't know what to do" about the process holding me up. Then after that, it'd be the corrections and soliciting feedback. With the fandom being as active as it is now, it's going to be a good time for me to get some feedback too, I expect. Anyways, enjoy the latest fruits of the fandom! ### May 20th, 2020 Almost 5 years ago I released the 20th Anniversary edition of the Street Fighter RPG. Now it's time for an update! You may notice the site here has seen a bit of a refresh as well. Originally, SF20 was created in LibreOffice, doing whatever I could at the time to make it look like the original books in style. Over the course of the last 5 years some notes have stacked up, as far as errata and improvements needed to SF20, and I've finally begun the process of putting together an updated version. This started with me taking my old files and recreating everything in Affinity Publisher (a layout program similar to Adobe's InDesign). I hope to have that process completed by this Sunday, May 24th. From there, it's time to take notes and incorporate fixes. After I hit everything I've thought of, I'll be getting the revised edition out to some editors to check over. Then... ultimately, a new release! So, what has me working on a new release now after 5 years? Well, back when I was originally putting together SF20, I told myself I would eventually complete the project by releasing a "Street Fighter: The Storytelling Game 20th Anniversary Companion", meant to contain all of the characters, locations, adventures, fiction, and other bits that never made it into the original SF20. Between SF20 and the Companion, I'd then have a full replacement for all of the original materials published for the game. Now, 5 years ago, the layout challenge was more than I was up to. Also, SF20 admittedly burnt me out a bit. Recently, however, the Street Fighter Facebook group has seen a massive uptick in activity. Additionally, the Brazilians continue to pump out material for the game, including their own take on a 20th Anniversary edition. This, combined with the strange isolation brought about by "The Plague-Times", has inspired me to step up to the plate again. The actual task of revising SF20 is not huge, but there is enough to fix that I'd love to do it. So, the idea is that the SF20 revision, besides being a needed revision, is also a good step to teach me the ins and outs of Affinity Publisher. This, then, will put me in a good skill position to tackle the Companion. The actual writing, art and character sheets have been ready for the Companion for about 3 years now! It's time to bring it home. ### September 8th, 2015 After entirely too much effort, I am proud to announce that the "Street Fighter: The Storytelling Game 20th Anniversary" Project has released! Check out the [SF:20 Project!](https://sfrpg.neocities.org/sf20.html) page for links to download the book itself, as well as all of the original source files so you can play with it yourself! ### August 17th, 2015 I can't say that I met my goal of having everything transcribed by the end of last week, but additional progress has been made. The most notable you can find here is solid work on the ending Conclusions Chapter. In addition, some material was added to Chapters 1, 2 and 7. Not visible here is a lot of other transcription work I've done that has yet to be incorporated into the existing chapters. Many of the Spot Rules from the various books have been typed up. As of now, all I believe that remains is to complete transcription of Chapter 4 of the Player's Guide, and Part 2: Chapter 2: Duelist from Contenders. Each of these chapters has been hacked at a bit, but still need to be completed. Feel free to check out the new content on the SF20 Project Page! September 1st release is still looking possible! ### August 12th, 2015 'Chapter 1: Introduction' has been added to and heavily revised. In addition to material introducing the book itself, material from Chapter 2 of the original book was added introducing the fictional world of Street Fighter. Also, I did another formatting and editing pass through all of the chapters and have exported updated PDFs so you can see their current state. After finishing Chapter 9 last week, I completed a review of material so I have a pretty good handle on what still needs to be done to get this project finished! I have about 1.5 chapters worth of material to type up, along with some miscellaneous bits and bobs. I'm aiming to get them all typed up by the end of the week, which should keep me on track for meeting my goal of "Project PDF publicly released on September 1st". I'm getting kinda excited... ### August 6th, 2015 'Chapter 9: Storytelling' has been added to the SF20 project page. I'm making progress here again! Now to take a sweep through all of the 'Street Fighter: The Storytelling Game' books and take notes on everything I still need to add to get this project wrapped up! My goal is to get this done by the end of August... which is a bold thing to say publicly, but it is what I'm pushing for. Wish me luck! ### July 28th, 2015 Some of the other pages have been added, but the only one with some real content so far is the SF:20 Project page. Check it out! It contains links to the current work in progress files for the Street Fighter: The Storytelling Game 20th Anniversary Edition. Some actual usable stuff here if you're a fan of the game! ### July 27th, 2015 Today I started the site! I've done some coloring and CSS styling, but all of the goodness is yet to come! Face it Straight! Go for Broke!

https://sfrpg.neocities.org/

<HTML>  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="main.css"> <BODY background="background.jpg"> <table width=100%>  <td valign="top" align="center" width=30%><img src="banner.gif"> <h4> <table align="center" width=100%> <a href="index.php"> News</a><br /> <a href="about.php"> About The Directory</a><br /> <a href="searchmenu.php"> Search The Directory</a><br /> <a href="runningQBG.php"> Running QBasic Games</a><br /> <a href="extradownloads.php"> Extra Downloads</a><br />  <a href="links.php"> Links</a><br /> <a href="contact.php"> Contact</a><br /> </table> <HR>  <a href="dumpbyinput.php?input=A/&mode=1">A</a> <a href="dumpbyinput.php?input=B/&mode=1">B</a> <a href="dumpbyinput.php?input=C/&mode=1">C</a> <a href="dumpbyinput.php?input=D/&mode=1">D</a> <a href="dumpbyinput.php?input=E/&mode=1">E</a> <a href="dumpbyinput.php?input=F/&mode=1">F</a> <a href="dumpbyinput.php?input=G/&mode=1">G</a> <a href="dumpbyinput.php?input=H/&mode=1">H</a> <a href="dumpbyinput.php?input=I/&mode=1">I</a> <a href="dumpbyinput.php?input=J/&mode=1">J</a> <br /> <a href="dumpbyinput.php?input=K/&mode=1">K</a> <a href="dumpbyinput.php?input=L/&mode=1">L</a> <a href="dumpbyinput.php?input=M/&mode=1">M</a> <a href="dumpbyinput.php?input=N/&mode=1">N</a> <a href="dumpbyinput.php?input=O/&mode=1">O</a> <a href="dumpbyinput.php?input=P/&mode=1">P</a> <a href="dumpbyinput.php?input=Q/&mode=1">Q</a> <a href="dumpbyinput.php?input=R/&mode=1">R</a> <a href="dumpbyinput.php?input=S/&mode=1">S</a> <a href="dumpbyinput.php?input=T/&mode=1">T</a> <br /> <a href="dumpbyinput.php?input=U/&mode=1">U</a> <a href="dumpbyinput.php?input=V/&mode=1">V</a> <a href="dumpbyinput.php?input=W/&mode=1">W</a> <a href="dumpbyinput.php?input=X/&mode=1">X</a> <a href="dumpbyinput.php?input=Y/&mode=1">Y</a> <a href="dumpbyinput.php?input=Z/&mode=1">Z</a> <a href="dumpbyinput.php?input=Numeral/&mode=1">#</a> <br /> <HR> <table width=70%> <td align="center"><b> <a href="dumpbyinput.php?input=Action&mode=2">Action</a><br /> <a href="dumpbyinput.php?input=Adventure&mode=2">Adventure</a><br /> <a href="dumpbyinput.php?input=Driving&mode=2">Driving</a><br /><br /> </b></td><td align="center"><b> <a href="dumpbyinput.php?input=Platform&mode=2">Platform</a><br /> <a href="dumpbyinput.php?input=Puzzle&mode=2">Puzzle</a><br /> <a href="dumpbyinput.php?input=RPG&mode=2">RPG</a><br /> <a href="dumpbyinput.php?input=Strategy&mode=2">Strategy</a> </b></td></table> </h4> </td><td width=70%><table cellpadding = '10' align='center' valign='middle'><tr><td colspan='2' align='center'><br /><b>N E W S</a><br /><br /></td></tr><tr><td align = 'left' valign='top' width=16%><b>05.02.2017.</b><br /></td><td>After over 9 years I'm back with an update. Doesn't that sentence at the end of the last update feel funny now. Anyway, nothing grand, only news that I changed the host thanks to Plasma (didn't even notice the old URL was down). I took the time to update some of the outdated information on the website, and began revising my descriptions of the games, which from today's standpoint appear too harsh. But you must forgive me and consider the mindset I was in with testing and playing of countless subpar QBasic games, trying to weed out the good ones. For the future I'm interested in overhauling the look of the website, and of course, always to add another previously missed QBasic game of note. But besides mere preservation, I'm not sure I can find time time to do anything bigger regarding this project. Don't hesistate to contact me if you have ideas and wishes to contribute in some meaningful way. My email is in the contact section and unchanged every since I went online over 15 years ago, so if you want to reconnect and talk about the past, or your future retro game dev projects, I'm here for you. I'm a good listener. :) <br /><br /><i>News posted by Dean Janjic</i><br /><br /></td></tr><tr><td align = 'left' valign='top' width=16%><b>18.10.2007.</b><br /></td><td>Yup, I'm updating the site! 12 new games in this update. <br /><br /> The updates are:<br /><br /><a href='dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=Air Attack'>Air Attack</a> (5/10)<br /><a href='dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=Avenger+3D'>Avenger 3D</a> (4/10)<br /><a href='dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=Birth+of+the+Devil+II'>Birth of the Devil II</a> (1/10)<br /><a href='dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=Bug!'>Bug!</a> (3/10)<br /><a href='dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=Germs'>Germs</a> (4/10)<br /><a href='dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=Invaders+from+Planet+X'>Invaders from Planet X</a> (3/10)<br /><a href='dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=Labyrinth'>Labyrinth</a> (4/10)<br /><a href='dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=PC+Poker'>PC Poker</a> (3/10)<br /><a href='dumpquery.php?section=Developer&query=Robin Ohm'>Puzzle</a> (3/10)<br /><a href='dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=WaterQuest'>WaterQuest Legend</a> (5/10)<br /><a href='dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=IDKFA'>IDKFA</a> (6/10)<br /><a href='dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=Snow+Palace'>Snow Palace</a> (4/10)<br /><br />I apologize for not including more rescent QBasic games I have been wanred on, but there were many in my collection (and there still are) I want to add first, mainly because I already reviewed and scored them. Hopefully in the next update there will be room for more rescent QBasic games. Out the the lot in this update I highly recommend WaterQuest, a lost QBasic gem from 1992 (a Zelda-style action-adventure game).<br /><br />Let's hope it won't take me so long to compile the next update.<br /><br /><i>News posted by Dean Janjic</i><br /><br /></td></tr><tr><td align = 'left' valign='top' width=16%><b>30.05.2007.</b><br /></td><td>No, you are not imagining. I'm updating the site. I didn't give up on the project. I simply didn't have an access to the web. Finally I acquired my own Internet connection (and an employment, boo-ho!) and despite the ridiculously slow speed of this connection, it's mine and I can do with it what I want and when I want! <br /><br /> Anyway, several months ago Plasma gave me a collection containing more than 300 QBasic games, mostly of earlier date (pre 1998). You can assume what a painstaking job it was to check all these games, or what the authors of many of these programs call games. I was able to extract some 60 games from the collection (I was smart enough to take screenshots in the process so updating will be much easier in the several next updates), which are now scheduled to be added in the database. Together with some 3-4 games I had left from earlier, I'm predicting 2-3 future updates, containing 10-12 games each, in the next several months. 4 updates after this are prepared in the sense that the games are chosen and the initial scores are given. <br /><br /> Anyway, the games added in this update are:<br /><br /><a href='dumpquery.php?section=Developer&query=Protulipac'>Aliens</a> (1)<br /><a href='dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=Cyclone'>Cyclone</a> (7)<br /><a href='dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=Kamikaze+Aliens+IV'>Kamikaze Aliens IV</a> (3)<br /><a href='dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=Kamikaze+Aliens+VIII'>Kamikaze Aliens VIII</a> (1)<br /><a href='dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=Pipeline'>Pipeline</a> (4)<br /><a href='dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=Pong+97'>Pong 97</a> (5)<br /><a href='dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=Slowdown'>Slowdown</a> (4)<br /><a href='dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=Slussen+Fighters'>Slussen Fighters</a> (2)<br /><a href='dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=Space+PsYcHo!'>Space PsYcHo!</a> (2)<br /><a href='dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=Stunt+Surfer'>Stunt Surfer 3.3</a> (2)<br /><br />Pop on every entry. You never know what you can find. Especially if you are a collector. And once again, notify me of any game you think I should add in the database. <br /><br />Also, there are few score changes. Ants: The Exodus' score was changed from 5 to 6. Martian Venture's score was changed from 6 to 7. Kingdoms' score was changed from 6 to 7. The RPG ALPHA's and TheGame's scores were changed from 4 to 5. The more I think about my scoring system, the more I'm annoyed with my highly demanding requirements and how they ended up evaluating some games, but what is done is done. All I can do now is make some necessary corrections like these ones. Anyway, nobody complained on the scores (there was one complaint on the description). But that could be that not enough people care or know about the site for such complaints to appear. One guy in the site's forum didn't know that the forum in question was the forum of this freaking site! Unbelievable. Oh, yes. The forum link has been redirected to the new (the proper) forum.<br /><br />Until next update, good luck! ;)<br /><br /><i>News posted by Dean Janjic</i><br /><br /></td></tr><tr><td align = 'left' valign='top' width=16%><b>13.12.2006.</b><br /></td><td>Yet another update. I seem to be able to maintain this site more active than I thought, although it is very unlikely that I will continue in this manner. I finally downloaded Plasma's wonderful patch for DQBsetFrameRate in DirectQB 1.5+ and was able to patch several games that earlier didn't work in Windows XP because of the mentioned routine (DQBsetFrameRate). This includes 6 games out of 9 from this update. The archives of these games now include both original EXE files plus the patched versions of them. The quality of the 6 patched games motivated me to give few on my usual 'to do' list one more spin and add them in the database. The games included in this update are as follows:<br /><br /><a href='dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=Adventures%2C+The'>The Adventures</a><br /><a href='dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=AIIB'>AIIB Beta</a><br /><a href='dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=air+unit+z'>Air Unit Z</a><br /><a href='dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=arkanoid'>ALEXsoft's Arkanoid</a><br /><a href='dumpquery.php?section=Description&query=gather%2Fharvest&submit=Search'>King's Land</a><br /><a href='dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=shellshock'>ShellShock</a><br /><a href='dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=super+sumo+wrestling+2'>Super Sumo Wrestling 2</a><br /><a href='dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=tales+of+griffin'>The Tales of Griffin</a><br /><a href='dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=XBall+IV'>XBall IV</a><br /><br />Few really cool games in there so be sure to check them out. As for other updates, I added Plasma's great utility called EMS Magic in the 'Extra Downloads' section, which will definitely help those who have problems with allocating XMS or EMS memory on their PCs.<br /><br />I'm still not happy I can't test few really great games from the Pending list, like Shadow of Power or ATTE 2, but one can't do the impossible. Just I note that I'm fully aware of the high quality of these two games. If anyone is willing to step up and email me all the necessary data for these two games, be my guest. And don't forget to mention in which Windows version the games worked for you. ATTE 2 works fine in DOSBox, but my PC is too slow to run it with optimum speed.<br /><br />Oh, you probably noticed. I slightly redesigned the site. I hope you like the changes. The links in the menu also supposed to change their look, but I didn't have the latest version of the menu PHP file at home and therefore couldn't work on it. Together with these changes, many grammar/spelling fixes were done on the site and game descriptions.<br /><br />Until next time, play QBasic games like you got some sense! :P<br /><br /><i>News posted by Dean Janjic</i><br /><br /></td></tr><tr><td align = 'left' valign='top' width=16%><b>24.11.2006.</b><br /></td><td>We are back with another update! I had time to go through all the entries once more and I think I managed to improve the descriptions substantially. Or not. Anyway, I'm much happier with them now. Several scores were changed and the tone in two descriptions was notably changed (Qnoid and Mysterious Song). The games with changed scores are as follows: Blobble (from 2 to 3), Dark Quest (from 6 to 5), Lineality (from 5 to 4), Ludatris (from 4 to 3), Mysterious Song (from 7 to 6), Pong Mania (from 3 to 4), Qnoid (from 3 to 4), Rockwars 2000 (from 4 to 3), Save ouR Xeny mission (from 2 to 3). I will post in the forum the reasons for these changes. If you want to discuss there, post! I also added 3 new games in the database. These include:<br /><br />Commander Pang<br />Herland<br />The Tales of Sophy<br /><br />I have few more games to add, but my time didn't allow me to include them in this update. Anyway, those are mostly games I have to score with 3 or less so I'm not in the mood. I added 11 more screenshots of the games already present in the database (Blobble, Four In A Row, Hang Dan, Hangman!!, High Noon, Kamikaze Aliens VI, KaPong, Kingdom of Lalore II, Mega Hacker!, QB Defend, QB Roids). Pong Mania download was updated with an executable game file (courtesy of me). Few screenshots were fixed. Tricky games list was updated too. And that would be it. <br /><br />Nothing about future updates. Sorry.<br /><br /><i>News posted by Dean Janjic</i><br /><br /></td></tr><tr><td align = 'left' valign='top' width=16%><b>07.11.2006</b><br /></td><td>Big and happy announcement! The downloads are now available! Over 450 files! The downloads will be hosted on another server since that is the only place where I can upload the files with the current connection. The space on the server in question is owned by <b>Hard Rock</b> and many thanks to him for providing the space and bandwidth. Be sure to report any dead link (screenshot or download).<br /><br />I also made some changes with the site's search engine. I cannot promise any new changes in the site format soon, since I can't predict the development of my real life for the next 6 or more months. There are plans to go through the descriptions once more. I know they are of rather poor quality but I gave my best. If only I could have an English-speaking person by me so we could go through ever description and fix them properly. I asked Mark to open a forum for the site since that's the best way to communicate with the users. This is up to him.<br /><br />The database should also be updated soon with 6 games and quite few fixed descriptions (this might happen today). These games are:<br /><br />Ancient Heroes<br />Chrystal Winter<br />Femme Fatality<br />Fro-Nibbler<br />The Key Hunter 2<br />LogicMind 3<br /><br />If any of the games listed is present in the database, the database has been updated. Beside that, there are some 10 games more on my current to do list. I might find time and will to add them, but this is not very high on my priority list.<br /><br />Until I come back to completely redesign the site, enjoy the downloads!<br /><br /><i>News posted by Dean Janjic</i><br /><br /></td></tr><tr><td align = 'left' valign='top' width=16%><b>06.09.06</b><br /></td><td>The QBasic Games Directory is now officially open! Meaning it's been open for testing for some time now, but it wasn't absolutely functional. There is no fixed date for the arrival of actual downloads. Please be patient!<br /><br /><i>News posted by Mark </i><br /><br /></td></tr><tr><td align = 'left' valign='top' width=16%><b>Date lost</b><br /></td><td>The QBasic Games Directory was linked to from QBasic.com's main page after May 2006. Actual date when QBasic Game Directory went live is unknown. Please stick around while we update. I apologize profusely to Dean. He's been very patient with me, but he's at the end of his rope, it seems.<br /><br /><i>News posted by Mark </i><br /><br /></td></tr><tr><td align = 'left' valign='top' width=16%><b>14.03.2006</b><br /></td><td>This site has been constructed offline by me and Mark Wilhelm will be hosting it on his <a href='http://www.qbasic.com'>qbasic.com</a> domain. For now the site is not featuring download links but is featuring all the screenshots I took(around 420) so you can check a screenshot of almost every game in the directory. As far as content and functionality this site represents most of the things I originally imagined. What might appear in future is user scoring and user comments. Also, paging of large numbers of table dumps might be implemented. For now all the result tables appear on one page no matter how many of them there is. The look of the site is not final and you can consider it temporary. I have in mind something in the line of <a href='http://www.qb45.com'>QB45.com</a>. <br /><br />I don't know when the downloads will appear because I can't be online often and will be very busy in the next 6-7 months. Also, on the only available Internet connection to me(college) I can't use FTP because of some stupid firewall and we are talking about transferring 210 MB of data. So me and Mark will have to think of something. <br /><br />Feel free to email me regarding this site but don't expect a hasty reply. This is no good time for me so be kind.<br /><br /><i>News posted by Dean Janjic</i><br /><br /></td></tr></td></table></td></table></BODY></HTML>

[News](index.php) [About The Directory](about.php) [Search The Directory](searchmenu.php) [Running QBasic Games](runningQBG.php) [Extra Downloads](extradownloads.php) [Links](links.php) [Contact](contact.php) --- [A](dumpbyinput.php?input=A/&mode=1) [B](dumpbyinput.php?input=B/&mode=1) [C](dumpbyinput.php?input=C/&mode=1) [D](dumpbyinput.php?input=D/&mode=1) [E](dumpbyinput.php?input=E/&mode=1) [F](dumpbyinput.php?input=F/&mode=1) [G](dumpbyinput.php?input=G/&mode=1) [H](dumpbyinput.php?input=H/&mode=1) [I](dumpbyinput.php?input=I/&mode=1) [J](dumpbyinput.php?input=J/&mode=1) [K](dumpbyinput.php?input=K/&mode=1) [L](dumpbyinput.php?input=L/&mode=1) [M](dumpbyinput.php?input=M/&mode=1) [N](dumpbyinput.php?input=N/&mode=1) [O](dumpbyinput.php?input=O/&mode=1) [P](dumpbyinput.php?input=P/&mode=1) [Q](dumpbyinput.php?input=Q/&mode=1) [R](dumpbyinput.php?input=R/&mode=1) [S](dumpbyinput.php?input=S/&mode=1) [T](dumpbyinput.php?input=T/&mode=1) [U](dumpbyinput.php?input=U/&mode=1) [V](dumpbyinput.php?input=V/&mode=1) [W](dumpbyinput.php?input=W/&mode=1) [X](dumpbyinput.php?input=X/&mode=1) [Y](dumpbyinput.php?input=Y/&mode=1) [Z](dumpbyinput.php?input=Z/&mode=1) [#](dumpbyinput.php?input=Numeral/&mode=1) --- **[Action](dumpbyinput.php?input=Action&mode=2) [Adventure](dumpbyinput.php?input=Adventure&mode=2) [Driving](dumpbyinput.php?input=Driving&mode=2)** | **[Platform](dumpbyinput.php?input=Platform&mode=2) [Puzzle](dumpbyinput.php?input=Puzzle&mode=2) [RPG](dumpbyinput.php?input=RPG&mode=2) [Strategy](dumpbyinput.php?input=Strategy&mode=2)** | | | | | --- | | **N E W S** | | **05.02.2017.** | After over 9 years I'm back with an update. Doesn't that sentence at the end of the last update feel funny now. Anyway, nothing grand, only news that I changed the host thanks to Plasma (didn't even notice the old URL was down). I took the time to update some of the outdated information on the website, and began revising my descriptions of the games, which from today's standpoint appear too harsh. But you must forgive me and consider the mindset I was in with testing and playing of countless subpar QBasic games, trying to weed out the good ones. For the future I'm interested in overhauling the look of the website, and of course, always to add another previously missed QBasic game of note. But besides mere preservation, I'm not sure I can find time time to do anything bigger regarding this project. Don't hesistate to contact me if you have ideas and wishes to contribute in some meaningful way. My email is in the contact section and unchanged every since I went online over 15 years ago, so if you want to reconnect and talk about the past, or your future retro game dev projects, I'm here for you. I'm a good listener. :) *News posted by Dean Janjic* | | **18.10.2007.** | Yup, I'm updating the site! 12 new games in this update. The updates are:[Air Attack](dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=Air Attack) (5/10)[Avenger 3D](dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=Avenger+3D) (4/10)[Birth of the Devil II](dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=Birth+of+the+Devil+II) (1/10)[Bug!](dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=Bug!) (3/10)[Germs](dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=Germs) (4/10)[Invaders from Planet X](dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=Invaders+from+Planet+X) (3/10)[Labyrinth](dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=Labyrinth) (4/10)[PC Poker](dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=PC+Poker) (3/10)[Puzzle](dumpquery.php?section=Developer&query=Robin Ohm) (3/10)[WaterQuest Legend](dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=WaterQuest) (5/10)[IDKFA](dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=IDKFA) (6/10)[Snow Palace](dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=Snow+Palace) (4/10)I apologize for not including more rescent QBasic games I have been wanred on, but there were many in my collection (and there still are) I want to add first, mainly because I already reviewed and scored them. Hopefully in the next update there will be room for more rescent QBasic games. Out the the lot in this update I highly recommend WaterQuest, a lost QBasic gem from 1992 (a Zelda-style action-adventure game).Let's hope it won't take me so long to compile the next update.*News posted by Dean Janjic* | | **30.05.2007.** | No, you are not imagining. I'm updating the site. I didn't give up on the project. I simply didn't have an access to the web. Finally I acquired my own Internet connection (and an employment, boo-ho!) and despite the ridiculously slow speed of this connection, it's mine and I can do with it what I want and when I want! Anyway, several months ago Plasma gave me a collection containing more than 300 QBasic games, mostly of earlier date (pre 1998). You can assume what a painstaking job it was to check all these games, or what the authors of many of these programs call games. I was able to extract some 60 games from the collection (I was smart enough to take screenshots in the process so updating will be much easier in the several next updates), which are now scheduled to be added in the database. Together with some 3-4 games I had left from earlier, I'm predicting 2-3 future updates, containing 10-12 games each, in the next several months. 4 updates after this are prepared in the sense that the games are chosen and the initial scores are given. Anyway, the games added in this update are:[Aliens](dumpquery.php?section=Developer&query=Protulipac) (1)[Cyclone](dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=Cyclone) (7)[Kamikaze Aliens IV](dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=Kamikaze+Aliens+IV) (3)[Kamikaze Aliens VIII](dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=Kamikaze+Aliens+VIII) (1)[Pipeline](dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=Pipeline) (4)[Pong 97](dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=Pong+97) (5)[Slowdown](dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=Slowdown) (4)[Slussen Fighters](dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=Slussen+Fighters) (2)[Space PsYcHo!](dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=Space+PsYcHo!) (2)[Stunt Surfer 3.3](dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=Stunt+Surfer) (2)Pop on every entry. You never know what you can find. Especially if you are a collector. And once again, notify me of any game you think I should add in the database. Also, there are few score changes. Ants: The Exodus' score was changed from 5 to 6. Martian Venture's score was changed from 6 to 7. Kingdoms' score was changed from 6 to 7. The RPG ALPHA's and TheGame's scores were changed from 4 to 5. The more I think about my scoring system, the more I'm annoyed with my highly demanding requirements and how they ended up evaluating some games, but what is done is done. All I can do now is make some necessary corrections like these ones. Anyway, nobody complained on the scores (there was one complaint on the description). But that could be that not enough people care or know about the site for such complaints to appear. One guy in the site's forum didn't know that the forum in question was the forum of this freaking site! Unbelievable. Oh, yes. The forum link has been redirected to the new (the proper) forum.Until next update, good luck! ;)*News posted by Dean Janjic* | | **13.12.2006.** | Yet another update. I seem to be able to maintain this site more active than I thought, although it is very unlikely that I will continue in this manner. I finally downloaded Plasma's wonderful patch for DQBsetFrameRate in DirectQB 1.5+ and was able to patch several games that earlier didn't work in Windows XP because of the mentioned routine (DQBsetFrameRate). This includes 6 games out of 9 from this update. The archives of these games now include both original EXE files plus the patched versions of them. The quality of the 6 patched games motivated me to give few on my usual 'to do' list one more spin and add them in the database. The games included in this update are as follows:[The Adventures](dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=Adventures%2C+The)[AIIB Beta](dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=AIIB)[Air Unit Z](dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=air+unit+z)[ALEXsoft's Arkanoid](dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=arkanoid)[King's Land](dumpquery.php?section=Description&query=gather%2Fharvest&submit=Search)[ShellShock](dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=shellshock)[Super Sumo Wrestling 2](dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=super+sumo+wrestling+2)[The Tales of Griffin](dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=tales+of+griffin)[XBall IV](dumpquery.php?section=Title&query=XBall+IV)Few really cool games in there so be sure to check them out. As for other updates, I added Plasma's great utility called EMS Magic in the 'Extra Downloads' section, which will definitely help those who have problems with allocating XMS or EMS memory on their PCs.I'm still not happy I can't test few really great games from the Pending list, like Shadow of Power or ATTE 2, but one can't do the impossible. Just I note that I'm fully aware of the high quality of these two games. If anyone is willing to step up and email me all the necessary data for these two games, be my guest. And don't forget to mention in which Windows version the games worked for you. ATTE 2 works fine in DOSBox, but my PC is too slow to run it with optimum speed.Oh, you probably noticed. I slightly redesigned the site. I hope you like the changes. The links in the menu also supposed to change their look, but I didn't have the latest version of the menu PHP file at home and therefore couldn't work on it. Together with these changes, many grammar/spelling fixes were done on the site and game descriptions.Until next time, play QBasic games like you got some sense! :P*News posted by Dean Janjic* | | **24.11.2006.** | We are back with another update! I had time to go through all the entries once more and I think I managed to improve the descriptions substantially. Or not. Anyway, I'm much happier with them now. Several scores were changed and the tone in two descriptions was notably changed (Qnoid and Mysterious Song). The games with changed scores are as follows: Blobble (from 2 to 3), Dark Quest (from 6 to 5), Lineality (from 5 to 4), Ludatris (from 4 to 3), Mysterious Song (from 7 to 6), Pong Mania (from 3 to 4), Qnoid (from 3 to 4), Rockwars 2000 (from 4 to 3), Save ouR Xeny mission (from 2 to 3). I will post in the forum the reasons for these changes. If you want to discuss there, post! I also added 3 new games in the database. These include:Commander PangHerlandThe Tales of SophyI have few more games to add, but my time didn't allow me to include them in this update. Anyway, those are mostly games I have to score with 3 or less so I'm not in the mood. I added 11 more screenshots of the games already present in the database (Blobble, Four In A Row, Hang Dan, Hangman!!, High Noon, Kamikaze Aliens VI, KaPong, Kingdom of Lalore II, Mega Hacker!, QB Defend, QB Roids). Pong Mania download was updated with an executable game file (courtesy of me). Few screenshots were fixed. Tricky games list was updated too. And that would be it. Nothing about future updates. Sorry.*News posted by Dean Janjic* | | **07.11.2006** | Big and happy announcement! The downloads are now available! Over 450 files! The downloads will be hosted on another server since that is the only place where I can upload the files with the current connection. The space on the server in question is owned by **Hard Rock** and many thanks to him for providing the space and bandwidth. Be sure to report any dead link (screenshot or download).I also made some changes with the site's search engine. I cannot promise any new changes in the site format soon, since I can't predict the development of my real life for the next 6 or more months. There are plans to go through the descriptions once more. I know they are of rather poor quality but I gave my best. If only I could have an English-speaking person by me so we could go through ever description and fix them properly. I asked Mark to open a forum for the site since that's the best way to communicate with the users. This is up to him.The database should also be updated soon with 6 games and quite few fixed descriptions (this might happen today). These games are:Ancient HeroesChrystal WinterFemme FatalityFro-NibblerThe Key Hunter 2LogicMind 3If any of the games listed is present in the database, the database has been updated. Beside that, there are some 10 games more on my current to do list. I might find time and will to add them, but this is not very high on my priority list.Until I come back to completely redesign the site, enjoy the downloads!*News posted by Dean Janjic* | | **06.09.06** | The QBasic Games Directory is now officially open! Meaning it's been open for testing for some time now, but it wasn't absolutely functional. There is no fixed date for the arrival of actual downloads. Please be patient!*News posted by Mark* | | **Date lost** | The QBasic Games Directory was linked to from QBasic.com's main page after May 2006. Actual date when QBasic Game Directory went live is unknown. Please stick around while we update. I apologize profusely to Dean. He's been very patient with me, but he's at the end of his rope, it seems.*News posted by Mark* | | **14.03.2006** | This site has been constructed offline by me and Mark Wilhelm will be hosting it on his [qbasic.com](http://www.qbasic.com) domain. For now the site is not featuring download links but is featuring all the screenshots I took(around 420) so you can check a screenshot of almost every game in the directory. As far as content and functionality this site represents most of the things I originally imagined. What might appear in future is user scoring and user comments. Also, paging of large numbers of table dumps might be implemented. For now all the result tables appear on one page no matter how many of them there is. The look of the site is not final and you can consider it temporary. I have in mind something in the line of [QB45.com](http://www.qb45.com). I don't know when the downloads will appear because I can't be online often and will be very busy in the next 6-7 months. Also, on the only available Internet connection to me(college) I can't use FTP because of some stupid firewall and we are talking about transferring 210 MB of data. So me and Mark will have to think of something. Feel free to email me regarding this site but don't expect a hasty reply. This is no good time for me so be kind.*News posted by Dean Janjic* | |

http://games.phatcode.net/

<html> <head> <title>Plants of the Gila Wilderness</title> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.ico"> </head> <body bgcolor=eeeeff text=black> <style></style> <center> <table> <tr><td colspan=1 rowspan=3> <font color=20bb20> <table> <td align=left><a href="magnoliids.html">Magnoliids</a></td></tr> <tr><td align=left><a href="monocots.html">Monocots</a></td><tr> <td align=left><a href="eudicots.html">Eudicots</a></td></tr> <td align=left><a href="lycophytes.html">Lycophytes </a></td></tr> <td align=left><a href="monilophytes.html">Ferns </a></td></tr> <td align=left><a href="gymnosperms.html">Acrogymnosperms</a></td></tr> <tr><td align=left><a href="gnetophytes.html">Gnetophytes</a></td></tr> <tr><td align=left><a href="bryophytes.html">Bryophytes of the Gila</a></td></tr> <tr><td align=left><a href="newmexico2.html">Bryophytes elsewhere in NM</a></td></tr> <tr><td align=left><a href="lichens.html">Lichens</a></td></tr> <tr><td align=left><a href="algae2.html">Algae</a></td></tr> <tr><td align=left><a href="slime molds.html">Slime Molds</a></td></tr> <td align=left><a href="scientific.html">Scientific names</a></td></tr> <td align=left><a href="common.html">Common names</a></td></tr> <td align=left><a href="faces.html">Faces of the Gila</a></td></tr> <tr><td align=left><a href="gila.html">The Gila National Forest</a></td></tr> <td align=left><a href="herbarium.html">The Dale A. Zimmerman Herbarium</a></td></tr> <td align=left><a href="Plant Tax 2023.html">WNMU Plant Taxonomy Class</a></td></tr> <td align=left><a href="wnmulichen.html">WNMU Biology of Fungi/Biol 335 Lichens </a></td></tr> <td align=left><a href="gilatrees.doc">Richard Felger's Key to Trees of the Gila</a></td></tr> <td align=left><a href="links.html">Outside Links</a></td></tr> <td align=left><a href="checklist.html">Printable Checklist</a></td></tr> <td align=left><a href="wintertwigs.html">Winter Twigs</a></td></tr> <td align=left><a href="eponyms.doc">Eponyms by John Dunne-Brady</a></td></tr> </table><br><br> </td> <td align=center > <h1>Plants of the Gila Wilderness</h1> <h5>by Dr. Russ Kleinman, Associate Botanist, Dale A. Zimmerman Herbarium</h5> <h3>Presented in Association with the<br>Western New Mexico University Department of Natural Sciences<br>& the Dale A. Zimmerman Herbarium<br> </h2><br> </td> <td></td><td></td> </tr> <tr><td align=center> <table border=5> <tr><td align=center><img src="k_lanceolata1_small.jpg"></td></tr> </table> </td></tr> <tr><td > <br> </center> <p>Welcome to our archive of photographs of the plants of the Gila Wilderness and vicinity. There are around 2000 species of plants in our study area. About 1500 of the species are currently depicted here. The archive is organized by family, scientific name, and also by common name. We have extensively used Allred's Flora Neomexicana III for nomenclature and synonyms. Species that are shown but have only been seen outside the main study area are marked by an asterix.</p> <p>If you have additional information, have a correction, or want to contact us, please e-mail Russ Kleinman to <a href= "mailto: sparks@zianet.com">sparks@zianet.com.</a> </p> <p>We hope that you find these photos useful for educational purposes. They are free for you to use as you wish. We would appreciate that credit for the photos be given to the Western New Mexico University Department of Natural Sciences and the Dale A. Zimmerman Herbarium. We are grateful for the help of a great number of people, including Dr. William Norris and his wife Denise Friedrick, Dr. Dale Zimmerman and his wife Marian, Dr. Jack Carter and his wife Martha, Dr. Richard Felger and his wife Silke Schneider, to Dr. Karen Blisard for her enduring patience, to Gene Jercinovic and his wife Betty, and to the many members of the Gila Native Plant Society who have provided encouragement and expertise. <br> Many thanks also to Jason Blake for making the first ever gilaflora.com <a href="app.html">smartphone app</a>! <br> Thanks for visiting!</p> <table width =500> <tr><td> </td></tr> </table> <center> </td></tr></table> </body> </html>

Plants of the Gila Wilderness  | | | | --- | --- | | [Magnoliids](magnoliids.html) | | | [Monocots](monocots.html) || [Eudicots](eudicots.html) | [Lycophytes](lycophytes.html) | [Ferns](monilophytes.html) | [Acrogymnosperms](gymnosperms.html) || [Gnetophytes](gnetophytes.html) | | [Bryophytes of the Gila](bryophytes.html) | | [Bryophytes elsewhere in NM](newmexico2.html) | | [Lichens](lichens.html) | | [Algae](algae2.html) | | [Slime Molds](slime molds.html) | [Scientific names](scientific.html) | [Common names](common.html) | [Faces of the Gila](faces.html) || [The Gila National Forest](gila.html) | [The Dale A. Zimmerman Herbarium](herbarium.html) | [WNMU Plant Taxonomy Class](Plant Tax 2023.html) | [WNMU Biology of Fungi/Biol 335 Lichens](wnmulichen.html) | [Richard Felger's Key to Trees of the Gila](gilatrees.doc) | [Outside Links](links.html) | [Printable Checklist](checklist.html) | [Winter Twigs](wintertwigs.html) | [Eponyms by John Dunne-Brady](eponyms.doc) | Plants of the Gila Wilderness by Dr. Russ Kleinman, Associate Botanist, Dale A. Zimmerman Herbarium Presented in Association with theWestern New Mexico University Department of Natural Sciences& the Dale A. Zimmerman Herbarium | | | | | | | --- | | | | | | Welcome to our archive of photographs of the plants of the Gila Wilderness and vicinity. There are around 2000 species of plants in our study area. About 1500 of the species are currently depicted here. The archive is organized by family, scientific name, and also by common name. We have extensively used Allred's Flora Neomexicana III for nomenclature and synonyms. Species that are shown but have only been seen outside the main study area are marked by an asterix. If you have additional information, have a correction, or want to contact us, please e-mail Russ Kleinman to [sparks@zianet.com.](mailto: sparks@zianet.com) We hope that you find these photos useful for educational purposes. They are free for you to use as you wish. We would appreciate that credit for the photos be given to the Western New Mexico University Department of Natural Sciences and the Dale A. Zimmerman Herbarium. We are grateful for the help of a great number of people, including Dr. William Norris and his wife Denise Friedrick, Dr. Dale Zimmerman and his wife Marian, Dr. Jack Carter and his wife Martha, Dr. Richard Felger and his wife Silke Schneider, to Dr. Karen Blisard for her enduring patience, to Gene Jercinovic and his wife Betty, and to the many members of the Gila Native Plant Society who have provided encouragement and expertise. Many thanks also to Jason Blake for making the first ever gilaflora.com [smartphone app](app.html)! Thanks for visiting! | | | --- | | |

http://web.wnmu.edu/academic/nspages/gilaflora/

<html> <TITLE> timeline </TITLE> <BODY bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> <H2> A Brief History of the Universe </H2> <H4> John Baez </H4> <H4> August 28, 2012 </H4> Note: all figures here are approximate! I have left out lots of exciting incidents in the history of the universe, but it's still fairly interesting. You can see three views of history: <ul> <li> <a href = "#backwards">counting backwards from now</a> <li> <a href = "#bang">counting down to the Big Bang</a> <li> <a href = "#future">counting forwards into the future</a> </ul> <p> <DIV ALIGN = center> • • • </DIV> <p> <A NAME = "backwards"> <H3> Counting Backwards from Now</H3> </a> <p> 60 years ago - Invention of the computer. <p> 130 years ago - Invention of the telephone. <p> 180 years ago - Fossil fuel revolution: coal, trains. <p> 540 years ago - Invention of the printing press. <p> 5,500 years ago - Invention of the wheel, writing. <p> 7,600 years ago - Sahara desert starts forming in northern Africa. <p> 8,800 years ago - The first cities. <p> 10,300 years ago - End of the most recent <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_glaciation"> glacial period</a>: the <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsin_glaciation">Wisconsin glaciation</a>. <p> 12,700 - 11,500 years ago - the <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Younger_Dryas">Younger Dryas</a>. <p> 18,000 years ago - Cultivation of plants, herding of animals. <em>Homo sapiens</em> arrives in the Americas. <p> 21,000 years ago - <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_Glacial_Maximum">Last glacial maximum</a>: ice sheets down to the Great Lakes, the mouth of the Rhine, and covering the British Isles. <p> 32,000 years ago - Oldest known <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chauvet_Cave">cave paintings</a>. <p> 35,000 years ago - Invention of the calendar, extinction of <em><a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal">Homo neanderthalensis</a></em>. <em>Homo sapiens</em> arrives in Europe. <p> 50,000 years ago - <em>Homo sapiens</em> arrives in central Asia. <p> 100,000 years ago - <em>Homo sapiens</em> arrives in the Middle East. <p> 110,000 years ago - Beginning of the most recent <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_glaciation">glacial period</a>: the <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsinian_glaciation">Wisconsin glaciation</a>. <p> 130,000 years ago - Beginning of the <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eemian">Eemian interglacial</a>. <p> 200,000 years ago - Beginning of the 2nd most recent <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_glaciation">glacial period</a>: the <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolstonian_Stage"> Wolstonian glaciation</a>. <p> 250,000 years ago - First <em><a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens">Homo sapiens</a></em>. <p> 350,000 years ago - First <em><a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_neanderthalensis">Homo neanderthalensis</a></em>. <p> 380,000 years ago - Beginning of the <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoxnian_Stage"> Hoxnian interglacial</a>. <p> 450,000 years ago - Beginning of the 3rd most recent glacial period: the <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansan_glaciation"> Kansan glaciation</a>, during which ice sheets reached their maximum extent in the <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistocene"> Pleistocene</a>, down to Kansas and Slovakia. <p> 620,000 years ago - Beginning of the <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromerian_interglacial">Cromerian interglacial</a>. <p> 1.4 million years ago - First firemaking by humans. <p> 1.9 million years ago - First <em><a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_erectus">Homo erectus</a></em>. <p> 2.5 million years ago - First <em><a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_habilis">Homo habilis</a></em>. Beginning of a period of <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistocene"> repeated glaciation</a> (loosely speaking, "ice ages"). <p> 3 million years - Cooling trend causes year-round ice to form at the North Pole. <p> 3.9 million years ago - First known <em><a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus_afarensis"> Australopithecus afarensis</a></em>. <p> 5 million years ago - <a href = "http://www.mnh.si.edu/anthro/humanorigins/ha/a_tree.html">Humans split off from other apes</a> (gorillas and chimpanzees). <p> 21 million years ago - Apes split off from other monkeys. <p> 24 million years ago - Cooling trend causes the formation of grasslands; Antarctica becomes covered with ice. <p> 34 million years ago - Gondwanaland finishes <a href = "http://earth.leeds.ac.uk/~greg/Gond.html">breaking up</a>, with Australia and South America separating from Antarctica. <p> 50 million years ago - <a href = "http://www.scotese.com/newpage9.htm">India begins to collide with Asia</a>, eventually forming the Himalayas. <p> 67 million years ago - Asteroid hits Mexico, causing the <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cretaceous-Tertiary_extinction_event">Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction</a>. End of dinosaurs. 50% of all species died out! Intensification of world cooling trend. <p> 114 million years ago - First modern mammals. World begins to cool. <p> 150 million years ago - First birds. <p> 200 million years ago - <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangaea">Pangaea</a> began to split into separate continents: <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gondwana">Gondwana</a> to the south and <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurasia">Laurasia</a> to the north, separated by the <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tethys_Ocean">Tethys Sea</a>. <p> <div align = "center"> <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurasia"> <img style="border:none;" src = "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Laurasia-Gondwana.png/250px-Laurasia-Gondwana.png" alt = ""/> </a> </div> <p> <p> 205 million years ago - The <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triassic-Jurassic_extinction_event">Triassic-Jurassic extinction</a>. End of large amphibians and many reptiles. <p> 235 million years ago - First dinosaurs, flowers. <p> 250 million years ago - The <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permian-Triassic_extinction_event">Permian-Triassic extinction</a>. 90% of all species died out! Formation of the supercontinent <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangaea">Pangaea</a>, with surrounding ocean <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panthalassa">Panthalassa</a>. <p> <div align = "center"> <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangaea"> <img style="border:none;" src = "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Pangaea_continents.png/250px-Pangaea_continents.png" alt = ""/> </a> </div> <p> 313 million years ago - First reptiles. <p> 365 million years ago - The <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_Devonian_extinction">Late Devonian extinction</a>. 70% of marine species died out! First amphibians, trees. <p> 395 million years ago - First insects on land. <p> 415 million years ago - The <a href = "http://www.palaeos.com/Earth/Geography/Euramerica.html">Old Red Sandstone Continent</a>, also known as Laurussia, is formed by the collision of <a href = "http://www.palaeos.com/Earth/Geography/Baltica.html">Baltica</a> and <a href = "http://www.palaeos.com/Earth/Geography/Laurentia.htm">Laurentia</a> at the beginning of the Devonian. <p> 440 million years ago - The <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordovician-Silurian_extinction_events">Ordovician-Silurian extinction</a>. Most marine species died out. <p> 670 million years ago - First animals. <p> 630-850 million years ago - The Cryogenian Period, also known as <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowball_Earth"> Snowball Earth</a> - the worst ice age in the Earth's history. <p> 800 million years ago - The supercontinent <a href = "http://www.peripatus.gen.nz/Paleontology/Rodinia.html">Rodinia</a> begins to break up. <p> 1 billion years ago - Formation of the supercontinent <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodinia">Rodinia</a> <p> 1.3 billion years ago - First plants. <p> 1.6 billion years ago - First blue-green algae. <p> 2.4 billion years ago - The <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang_nucleosynthesis"> Great Oxidation Event</a>: the Earth's atmosphere gets oxygen. <p> 3 billion years ago - Formation of the first known continent, <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ur_%28continent%29">Ur</a>. <p> 3.8 - 4 billion years ago - The <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_heavy_bombardment">Late Heavy Bombardment</a>: a period during which the Earth, Moon, Venus and Mars were subjected to many asteroid impacts, after a relatively calm period of several million years. <p> 4 billion years ago - First life on Earth. <p> 4.45 billion years ago - Formation of Earth complete; storm of asteroid impacts. <p> 4.5 billion years ago - Formation of the Moon: according to the <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_impact_hypothesis">Giant Impact Hypothesis</a>, this happened when <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theia_(planet)">Theia</a> collided with proto-Earth. <p> 4.55 billion years ago - Formation of the Solar System. <p> 13.3 billion years ago - <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reionization">Reionization</a>: the first stars heat and ionize hydrogen gas. <p> 13.3 - 13.7 billion years ago - The Dark Ages, after the formation of hydrogen and before the first stars. <p> 13.7 billion years ago - The <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Big_Bang">Big Bang</a>: beginning of the universe as we know it! <p> <DIV ALIGN = center> • • • </DIV> <p> <br/> <br/> <div align = "center"> <img width = "600" src = "reionization.jpg"> </div> <br/> <br/> <p> <DIV ALIGN = center> • • • </DIV> <p> <A NAME = "bang"> <H3> Counting Down to the Big Bang</H3> </a> <p> In what follows I give the temperature of outer space in Kelvin at various times. Kelvin means "degrees Celsius above absolute zero". The melting point of water is 273 Kelvin; the boiling point is 373 Kelvin. <p> 13.7 billion years after the Big Bang - Now. <br> Temperature: 2.726 Kelvin <br> <p> 550 million years after the Big Bang - <a href = "<a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reionization">Reionization</a>: first stars heat and ionize hydrogen gas. <br> Temperature: roughly 30 Kelvin. <br> <p> 380 thousand years after the Big Bang - <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Big_Bang#Recombination:_380.2C000_years">Recombination</a>: hydrogen gas cools down to form molecules. <br> Temperature: 3000 Kelvin. <br> <p> 10 thousand years after the Big Bang - <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Big_Bang#Matter_domination:_70.2C000_years">End of the radiation-dominated era</a>. <br> Temperature: 12,000 Kelvin. <br> <p> 1000 seconds after the Big Bang - Decay of lone neutrons. <br> Temperature: roughly 500 million Kelvin. <br> <p> 180 seconds after the Big Bang - Beginning of <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang_nucleosynthesis">nucleosynthesis</a>: formation of helium and other elements from hydrogen <br> Temperature: roughly 1 billion Kelvin. <br> <p> 10 seconds after the Big Bang - Annihilation of electron-positron pairs. <br> Temperature: roughly 5 billion Kelvin. <br> <p> 1 second after the Big Bang - Decoupling of neutrinos. <br> Temperature: roughly 10 billion Kelvin <br> <p> 100 microseconds after the Big Bang - Annihilation of pions. <br> Temperature: roughly 1 trillion Kelvin <br> <p> 50 microseconds after the Big Bang - "QCD phase transition": quarks get bound into neutrons and protons. <br> Temperature: 1.7-2.1 trillion Kelvin <br> <p> 10 picoseconds after the Big Bang - "Electroweak phase transition": electromagnetic and weak force become different. <br> Temperature: 1-2 quadrillion Kelvin. <br> <p> Note: a picosecond is a trillionth of a second. Before this the temperatures were so high that our knowledge of physics is unable to say for sure what happened, though experts have some good guesses. <p> <DIV ALIGN = center> • • • </DIV> <p> <A NAME = "future"> <H3> Counting Forwards into the Future </H3> </a> <p> 50 thousand years from now - possible end of the <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropocene">Anthropocene Epoch</a>, the period of warm climates caused by the rapid burning of fossil fuels. <p> 50 million years from now - <a href = "http://www.scotese.com/future.htm">Africa collides with Europe</a>, eliminating Mediterranean sea. <p> 150 million years from now - <a href = "http://www.scotese.com/future1.htm">Atlantic ocean begins to close</a>. <p> 250 million years from now - <a href = "http://www.scotese.com/future2.htm">North and South America collide with Africa</a>, forming a new supercontinent. <p> 750 million years from now - The <a href = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagittarius_Dwarf_Spheroidal_Galaxy">Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy</a> makes its next pass through the Milky Way, and perhaps disintegrates. <p> 1.1 billion years from now - The <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formation_and_evolution_of_the_Solar_System#The_Sun_and_planetary_environments">Sun becomes 10% brighter than today</a>. Runaway greenhouse effect may evaporate the Earth's oceans. If so, the water in upper atmosphere will photodissociate and the hydrogen will sail off into outer space. <p> 2 billion years from now - The <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda%E2%80%93Milky_Way_collision">Andromeda Galaxy</a> approaches our galaxy, the Milky Way: <p> <div align = "center"> <a href = "http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/science/milky-way-collide.html"> <img border = "2" src = "astronomical/milky_way-andromeda-galaxy-2-billion.jpg"> </a> </div> <p> 3.5 billion years from now - The Sun becomes 40% brighter than today. Conditions on Earth resemble those on Venus today. <p> 3.75 billion years from now - The <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda%E2%80%93Milky_Way_collision">Andromeda Galaxy</a> nears the Milky Way: <p> <div align = "center"> <a href = "http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/science/milky-way-collide.html"> <img border = "2" src = "astronomical/milky_way-andromeda-galaxy-3.75-billion.jpg"> </a> </div> <p> 3.85 billion years from now - The <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda%E2%80%93Milky_Way_collision">Andromeda Galaxy</a> makes its first pass by the Milky Way, leading to a burst of star formation: <p> <div align = "center"> <a href = "http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/science/milky-way-collide.html"> <img border = "2" src = "astronomical/milky_way-andromeda-galaxy-3.85-billion.jpg"> </a> </div> <p> 3.9 billion years from now - Star formation reaches its peak as <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda%E2%80%93Milky_Way_collision">Andromeda Galaxy</a> makes its first pass by the Milky Way: <p> <div align = "center"> <a href = "http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/science/milky-way-collide.html"> <img border = "2" src = "astronomical/milky_way-andromeda-galaxy-3.9-billion.jpg"> </a> </div> <br> <p> 4 billion years from now - the <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda%E2%80%93Milky_Way_collision">Andromeda Galaxy</a> becomes tidally stretched and the Milky Way is warped after their first near-collision: <p> <div align = "center"> <a href = "http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/science/milky-way-collide.html"> <img border = "2" src = "astronomical/milky_way-andromeda-galaxy-4-billion.jpg"> </a> </div> <p> 5.1 billion years from now - the cores of the <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda%E2%80%93Milky_Way_collision">Andromeda Galaxy</a> and Milky Way will be visible as bright lobes in the sky during their second pass. There will be less star formation, because much of the interstellar gas and dust was used up by in previous burst of star formation. <p> <div align = "center"> <a href = "http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/science/milky-way-collide.html"> <img border = "2" src = "astronomical/milky_way-andromeda-galaxy-5.1-billion.jpg"> </a> </div> <p> 5.4 billion years from now - The Sun's core runs out of hydrogen, and it enters its first red giant phase, becoming 1.6 times bigger and 2.2 times brighter than today. <p> 6.5 billion years from now - The Sun becomes a full-fledged red giant, 170 times bigger and 2400 times brighter than today. <p> 6.7 billion years from now - The Sun starts fusing helium and shrinks back down to 10 times bigger and 40 times brighter than today. <p> 6.8 billion years from now - The Sun runs out of helium and, too small to start fusing carbon and oxygen, enters a second red phase. It is 180 times bigger and 3000 times brighter than today. <p> 6.9 billion years from now - The Sun begins to pulsate every 100,000 years, ejecting more and more mass in each pulse, and finally throwing off all but the hot inner core, becoming a white dwarf. <p> 7 billion years from now - the cores of the <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda%E2%80%93Milky_Way_collision">Andromeda Galaxy</a> and Milky Way merge to form a large elliptical galaxy. The aging population of stars is no longer concentrated along a plane, but instead spread out in an ellipsoid. Star formation diminishes. <p> <div align = "center"> <a href = "http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/science/milky-way-collide.html"> <img border = "2" src = "astronomical/milky_way-andromeda-galaxy-7-billion.jpg"> </a> </div> <p> 150 billion years from now - the <a href = "https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.01191">Era of Isolation</a> begins: if the accelerating expansion of the Universe continues as expected, the Local Group of galaxies including ours becomes completely isolated, with signals or spacecraft unable to reach any other galaxies. <p> 10 trillion years from now - The smallest and longest-lived stars capable of supporting fusion today, red dwarf stars with a mass about 0.08 times that of the Sun, run out of hydrogen. <p> 100 trillion years from now - All normal star formation processes cease. The universe settles down with a population of stars consisting of about 55% white dwarfs, 45% brown dwarfs and a small number of neutron stars and black holes. Star formation continues at a very slow rate due to collisions between brown and/or white dwarfs. <p> 10<sup>17</sup> years from now - All currently existing white dwarf stars cool to black dwarfs with a temperature of at most 5 Kelvin. <p> 10<sup>19</sup> years from now - All galaxies "boil off", gradually losing their dead stars to intergalactic space. <p> 1.9 × 10<sup>19</sup> years from now - Half of all bismuth decays. All isotopes of bismuth are unstable and the most common, longest-lived one, bismuth-209 has a half-life of 1.9 × 10<sup>19</sup> years. <p> 3 × 10<sup>22</sup> years from now - All binary brown stars spiral in and collide due to gravitational radiation. <p> 1.8 × 10<sup>22</sup> years from now - Half of xenon-124 decays. This is the half-life of this isotope of xenon-124. <p> 10<sup>23</sup> years from now - All galactic clusters boil off. <br> Temperature: 10<sup>-13</sup> Kelvin. <p> From then on: the Universe expands exponentially and cools down to a temperature of 10<sup>-30</sup> Kelvin. The longest-lived stable isotope known, tellurium-128, has a half-life of 2.2 × 10<sup>24</sup> years. All black holes eventually evaporate, and all other forms of matter eventually disperse into individual elementary particles. <p> Note: the future sounds pretty boring here, but that's because I've had to omit all the exciting but unpredictable twists due to future discoveries by various forms of intelligent life. We can't really tell what will happen! What you do may have an effect - so be good. <p> <DIV ALIGN = center> • • • </DIV> <p> <H3> References for Further Study</H3> Here's the best graphical history of the history I know - a truly fun book, packed with pictures, charts, and cool facts: <ul> <li> Nigel Calder, <em>Timescale: An Atlas of the 4th Dimension</em>, Viking Press, New York, 1983. </ul> I got interested in timelines as a kid because of this lovingly illustrated book on palaeontology: <ul> <li> Virginia Lee Burton, <a href = http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0395520177/ref=sib_dp_pt/104-9830943-8126355#reader-link"><em>Life Story</em></a>, Houghton Mifflin, New York, 1999. </ul> It's great for kids, but I still love it. Look at the sample pages! <p> Also try these: <ul> <li> <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_natural_history">Timeline of natural history</a>, Wikipedia. </li> <p> <li> <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_human_prehistory">Timeline of human prehistory</a>, Wikipedia. </li> <p> <li> <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_human_history">Timeline of human history</a>, Wikipedia. </li> <p> <li> <a href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_far_future#Future_of_the_Earth.2C_the_Solar_System_and_the_Universe">Future of the Earth, the Solar System and the Universe</a>, Wikipedia. </li> <p> <li> Phil Fraundorf, <a href = "http://www.umsl.edu/~fraundor/ifzx/earthtimes.html">Multi-scale times</a>. </li> <p> <li> Fred C. Adams and Gregory Laughlin, <a href = "http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9701131">A dying universe: the long term fate and evolution of astrophysical objects</a>, <em>Rev. Mod. Phys.</em> <b>69</b> (1997), 337-372. <p> <li> Fred C. Adams and Gregory Laughlin, <em>Five Ages of the Universe</em>, Free Press Publishers, 1999. </li> <p> <li> L. M. Krauss and G. D. Starkman, <a href = "http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9902189">Life, the universe, and nothing: life and death in an ever-expanding universe</a>, <em>Astrophys. J.</em> <b>531</b>, (2000) 22-30. </li> </ul> <p> Also try my webpages on <a href = "extinction/">mass extinctions</a> and <a href = "temperature/">climate change</a>. <p> <a href = "week196.html">For more on the very early history of the universe, click here</a>. <p> <a href = "week273.html">For more on the history of the Earth, click here</a>. <p> <a href = "end.html">For more on the end of the universe, click here</a>. <p> An earlier version of this timeline is also available in <a href = "timeline.pdf">PDF</a> format. <p> <hr> <em> Quantum fluctuation. Inflation. Expansion. Electroweak symmetry breaking. QCD phase transition. Particle-antiparticle annihilation. Deuterium and helium production. Growth of density perturbations. Recombination. Blackbody radiation. Local contraction. Cluster formation. Virialization. Galaxy formation. Turbulent fragmentation. Contraction. Compression. Population II star formation. Deuterium ignition. Hydrogen fusion. Reionization. Hydrogen depletion. Core contraction. Envelope expansion. Helium fusion. Carbon, oxygen, and silicon fusion. Iron production. Implosion. Supernova explosion. Metal ejection. Population I star formation. Condensation. Planetesimal accretion. Planetary differentiation. Crust solidification. Volatile gas expulsion. Water condensation. Water dissociation. Ozone production. Ultraviolet absorption. Hypercycle formation. Mutation. Natural selection. Evolution. Symbiosis. Photosynthesis. Respiration. Cell differentiation. Sexual reproduction. Fossilization. Land exploration. Dinosaur extinction. Mammal expansion. Homo sapiens manifestation. Symbolic perception. Tool production. Language. Cultural evolution. Migration. Art. Religion. Animal domestication. Surplus production. Civilization. Taxation. Nation-building. War. Exploration. Writing. Empire creation and destruction. Colonization. Science. Revolution. Industrialization. Mass production. Urbanization. Mass communication. World war. Depression. Genocide. Fission. Fusion. Space exploration. Mass extinction. Computerization. Globalization. Global warming. Internet formation. World-Wide Web creation. Genome mapping. Extrapolation? </em> - modified version of <a href = "http://members.bellatlantic.net/~vze3fs8i/hist/">History of the World in 200 Words or Less</a>, from the Annals of Improbable Research <p> © 2012 John Baez <br> baez@math.removethis.ucr.andthis.edu <H3><a href = "README.html">home</a></H3> </html>

timeline ## A Brief History of the Universe #### John Baez #### August 28, 2012 Note: all figures here are approximate! I have left out lots of exciting incidents in the history of the universe, but it's still fairly interesting. You can see three views of history: * [counting backwards from now](#backwards)* [counting down to the Big Bang](#bang)* [counting forwards into the future](#future) • • • ### Counting Backwards from Now 60 years ago - Invention of the computer. 130 years ago - Invention of the telephone. 180 years ago - Fossil fuel revolution: coal, trains. 540 years ago - Invention of the printing press. 5,500 years ago - Invention of the wheel, writing. 7,600 years ago - Sahara desert starts forming in northern Africa. 8,800 years ago - The first cities. 10,300 years ago - End of the most recent [glacial period](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_glaciation): the [Wisconsin glaciation](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsin_glaciation). 12,700 - 11,500 years ago - the [Younger Dryas](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Younger_Dryas). 18,000 years ago - Cultivation of plants, herding of animals. *Homo sapiens* arrives in the Americas. 21,000 years ago - [Last glacial maximum](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_Glacial_Maximum): ice sheets down to the Great Lakes, the mouth of the Rhine, and covering the British Isles. 32,000 years ago - Oldest known [cave paintings](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chauvet_Cave). 35,000 years ago - Invention of the calendar, extinction of *[Homo neanderthalensis](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal)*. *Homo sapiens* arrives in Europe. 50,000 years ago - *Homo sapiens* arrives in central Asia. 100,000 years ago - *Homo sapiens* arrives in the Middle East. 110,000 years ago - Beginning of the most recent [glacial period](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_glaciation): the [Wisconsin glaciation](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsinian_glaciation). 130,000 years ago - Beginning of the [Eemian interglacial](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eemian). 200,000 years ago - Beginning of the 2nd most recent [glacial period](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_glaciation): the [Wolstonian glaciation](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolstonian_Stage). 250,000 years ago - First *[Homo sapiens](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens)*. 350,000 years ago - First *[Homo neanderthalensis](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_neanderthalensis)*. 380,000 years ago - Beginning of the [Hoxnian interglacial](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoxnian_Stage). 450,000 years ago - Beginning of the 3rd most recent glacial period: the [Kansan glaciation](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansan_glaciation), during which ice sheets reached their maximum extent in the [Pleistocene](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistocene), down to Kansas and Slovakia. 620,000 years ago - Beginning of the [Cromerian interglacial](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromerian_interglacial). 1.4 million years ago - First firemaking by humans. 1.9 million years ago - First *[Homo erectus](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_erectus)*. 2.5 million years ago - First *[Homo habilis](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_habilis)*. Beginning of a period of [repeated glaciation](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistocene) (loosely speaking, "ice ages"). 3 million years - Cooling trend causes year-round ice to form at the North Pole. 3.9 million years ago - First known *[Australopithecus afarensis](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus_afarensis)*. 5 million years ago - [Humans split off from other apes](http://www.mnh.si.edu/anthro/humanorigins/ha/a_tree.html) (gorillas and chimpanzees). 21 million years ago - Apes split off from other monkeys. 24 million years ago - Cooling trend causes the formation of grasslands; Antarctica becomes covered with ice. 34 million years ago - Gondwanaland finishes [breaking up](http://earth.leeds.ac.uk/~greg/Gond.html), with Australia and South America separating from Antarctica. 50 million years ago - [India begins to collide with Asia](http://www.scotese.com/newpage9.htm), eventually forming the Himalayas. 67 million years ago - Asteroid hits Mexico, causing the [Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cretaceous-Tertiary_extinction_event). End of dinosaurs. 50% of all species died out! Intensification of world cooling trend. 114 million years ago - First modern mammals. World begins to cool. 150 million years ago - First birds. 200 million years ago - [Pangaea](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangaea) began to split into separate continents: [Gondwana](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gondwana) to the south and [Laurasia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurasia) to the north, separated by the [Tethys Sea](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tethys_Ocean). [![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Laurasia-Gondwana.png/250px-Laurasia-Gondwana.png)](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurasia) 205 million years ago - The [Triassic-Jurassic extinction](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triassic-Jurassic_extinction_event). End of large amphibians and many reptiles. 235 million years ago - First dinosaurs, flowers. 250 million years ago - The [Permian-Triassic extinction](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permian-Triassic_extinction_event). 90% of all species died out! Formation of the supercontinent [Pangaea](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangaea), with surrounding ocean [Panthalassa](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panthalassa). [![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Pangaea_continents.png/250px-Pangaea_continents.png)](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangaea) 313 million years ago - First reptiles. 365 million years ago - The [Late Devonian extinction](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_Devonian_extinction). 70% of marine species died out! First amphibians, trees. 395 million years ago - First insects on land. 415 million years ago - The [Old Red Sandstone Continent](http://www.palaeos.com/Earth/Geography/Euramerica.html), also known as Laurussia, is formed by the collision of [Baltica](http://www.palaeos.com/Earth/Geography/Baltica.html) and [Laurentia](http://www.palaeos.com/Earth/Geography/Laurentia.htm) at the beginning of the Devonian. 440 million years ago - The [Ordovician-Silurian extinction](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordovician-Silurian_extinction_events). Most marine species died out. 670 million years ago - First animals. 630-850 million years ago - The Cryogenian Period, also known as [Snowball Earth](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowball_Earth) - the worst ice age in the Earth's history. 800 million years ago - The supercontinent [Rodinia](http://www.peripatus.gen.nz/Paleontology/Rodinia.html) begins to break up. 1 billion years ago - Formation of the supercontinent [Rodinia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodinia) 1.3 billion years ago - First plants. 1.6 billion years ago - First blue-green algae. 2.4 billion years ago - The [Great Oxidation Event](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang_nucleosynthesis): the Earth's atmosphere gets oxygen. 3 billion years ago - Formation of the first known continent, [Ur](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ur_%28continent%29). 3.8 - 4 billion years ago - The [Late Heavy Bombardment](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_heavy_bombardment): a period during which the Earth, Moon, Venus and Mars were subjected to many asteroid impacts, after a relatively calm period of several million years. 4 billion years ago - First life on Earth. 4.45 billion years ago - Formation of Earth complete; storm of asteroid impacts. 4.5 billion years ago - Formation of the Moon: according to the [Giant Impact Hypothesis](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_impact_hypothesis), this happened when [Theia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theia_(planet)) collided with proto-Earth. 4.55 billion years ago - Formation of the Solar System. 13.3 billion years ago - [Reionization](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reionization): the first stars heat and ionize hydrogen gas. 13.3 - 13.7 billion years ago - The Dark Ages, after the formation of hydrogen and before the first stars. 13.7 billion years ago - The [Big Bang](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Big_Bang): beginning of the universe as we know it! • • • ![](reionization.jpg) • • • ### Counting Down to the Big Bang In what follows I give the temperature of outer space in Kelvin at various times. Kelvin means "degrees Celsius above absolute zero". The melting point of water is 273 Kelvin; the boiling point is 373 Kelvin. 13.7 billion years after the Big Bang - Now. Temperature: 2.726 Kelvin 550 million years after the Big Bang - [Reionization](<a href = ): first stars heat and ionize hydrogen gas. Temperature: roughly 30 Kelvin. 380 thousand years after the Big Bang - [Recombination](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Big_Bang#Recombination:_380.2C000_years): hydrogen gas cools down to form molecules. Temperature: 3000 Kelvin. 10 thousand years after the Big Bang - [End of the radiation-dominated era](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Big_Bang#Matter_domination:_70.2C000_years). Temperature: 12,000 Kelvin. 1000 seconds after the Big Bang - Decay of lone neutrons. Temperature: roughly 500 million Kelvin. 180 seconds after the Big Bang - Beginning of [nucleosynthesis](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang_nucleosynthesis): formation of helium and other elements from hydrogen Temperature: roughly 1 billion Kelvin. 10 seconds after the Big Bang - Annihilation of electron-positron pairs. Temperature: roughly 5 billion Kelvin. 1 second after the Big Bang - Decoupling of neutrinos. Temperature: roughly 10 billion Kelvin 100 microseconds after the Big Bang - Annihilation of pions. Temperature: roughly 1 trillion Kelvin 50 microseconds after the Big Bang - "QCD phase transition": quarks get bound into neutrons and protons. Temperature: 1.7-2.1 trillion Kelvin 10 picoseconds after the Big Bang - "Electroweak phase transition": electromagnetic and weak force become different. Temperature: 1-2 quadrillion Kelvin. Note: a picosecond is a trillionth of a second. Before this the temperatures were so high that our knowledge of physics is unable to say for sure what happened, though experts have some good guesses. • • • ### Counting Forwards into the Future 50 thousand years from now - possible end of the [Anthropocene Epoch](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropocene), the period of warm climates caused by the rapid burning of fossil fuels. 50 million years from now - [Africa collides with Europe](http://www.scotese.com/future.htm), eliminating Mediterranean sea. 150 million years from now - [Atlantic ocean begins to close](http://www.scotese.com/future1.htm). 250 million years from now - [North and South America collide with Africa](http://www.scotese.com/future2.htm), forming a new supercontinent. 750 million years from now - The [Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagittarius_Dwarf_Spheroidal_Galaxy) makes its next pass through the Milky Way, and perhaps disintegrates. 1.1 billion years from now - The [Sun becomes 10% brighter than today](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formation_and_evolution_of_the_Solar_System#The_Sun_and_planetary_environments). Runaway greenhouse effect may evaporate the Earth's oceans. If so, the water in upper atmosphere will photodissociate and the hydrogen will sail off into outer space. 2 billion years from now - The [Andromeda Galaxy](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda%E2%80%93Milky_Way_collision) approaches our galaxy, the Milky Way: [![](astronomical/milky_way-andromeda-galaxy-2-billion.jpg)](http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/science/milky-way-collide.html) 3.5 billion years from now - The Sun becomes 40% brighter than today. Conditions on Earth resemble those on Venus today. 3.75 billion years from now - The [Andromeda Galaxy](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda%E2%80%93Milky_Way_collision) nears the Milky Way: [![](astronomical/milky_way-andromeda-galaxy-3.75-billion.jpg)](http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/science/milky-way-collide.html) 3.85 billion years from now - The [Andromeda Galaxy](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda%E2%80%93Milky_Way_collision) makes its first pass by the Milky Way, leading to a burst of star formation: [![](astronomical/milky_way-andromeda-galaxy-3.85-billion.jpg)](http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/science/milky-way-collide.html) 3.9 billion years from now - Star formation reaches its peak as [Andromeda Galaxy](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda%E2%80%93Milky_Way_collision) makes its first pass by the Milky Way: [![](astronomical/milky_way-andromeda-galaxy-3.9-billion.jpg)](http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/science/milky-way-collide.html) 4 billion years from now - the [Andromeda Galaxy](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda%E2%80%93Milky_Way_collision) becomes tidally stretched and the Milky Way is warped after their first near-collision: [![](astronomical/milky_way-andromeda-galaxy-4-billion.jpg)](http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/science/milky-way-collide.html) 5.1 billion years from now - the cores of the [Andromeda Galaxy](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda%E2%80%93Milky_Way_collision) and Milky Way will be visible as bright lobes in the sky during their second pass. There will be less star formation, because much of the interstellar gas and dust was used up by in previous burst of star formation. [![](astronomical/milky_way-andromeda-galaxy-5.1-billion.jpg)](http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/science/milky-way-collide.html) 5.4 billion years from now - The Sun's core runs out of hydrogen, and it enters its first red giant phase, becoming 1.6 times bigger and 2.2 times brighter than today. 6.5 billion years from now - The Sun becomes a full-fledged red giant, 170 times bigger and 2400 times brighter than today. 6.7 billion years from now - The Sun starts fusing helium and shrinks back down to 10 times bigger and 40 times brighter than today. 6.8 billion years from now - The Sun runs out of helium and, too small to start fusing carbon and oxygen, enters a second red phase. It is 180 times bigger and 3000 times brighter than today. 6.9 billion years from now - The Sun begins to pulsate every 100,000 years, ejecting more and more mass in each pulse, and finally throwing off all but the hot inner core, becoming a white dwarf. 7 billion years from now - the cores of the [Andromeda Galaxy](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda%E2%80%93Milky_Way_collision) and Milky Way merge to form a large elliptical galaxy. The aging population of stars is no longer concentrated along a plane, but instead spread out in an ellipsoid. Star formation diminishes. [![](astronomical/milky_way-andromeda-galaxy-7-billion.jpg)](http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/science/milky-way-collide.html) 150 billion years from now - the [Era of Isolation](https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.01191) begins: if the accelerating expansion of the Universe continues as expected, the Local Group of galaxies including ours becomes completely isolated, with signals or spacecraft unable to reach any other galaxies. 10 trillion years from now - The smallest and longest-lived stars capable of supporting fusion today, red dwarf stars with a mass about 0.08 times that of the Sun, run out of hydrogen. 100 trillion years from now - All normal star formation processes cease. The universe settles down with a population of stars consisting of about 55% white dwarfs, 45% brown dwarfs and a small number of neutron stars and black holes. Star formation continues at a very slow rate due to collisions between brown and/or white dwarfs. 1017 years from now - All currently existing white dwarf stars cool to black dwarfs with a temperature of at most 5 Kelvin. 1019 years from now - All galaxies "boil off", gradually losing their dead stars to intergalactic space. 1.9 × 1019 years from now - Half of all bismuth decays. All isotopes of bismuth are unstable and the most common, longest-lived one, bismuth-209 has a half-life of 1.9 × 1019 years. 3 × 1022 years from now - All binary brown stars spiral in and collide due to gravitational radiation. 1.8 × 1022 years from now - Half of xenon-124 decays. This is the half-life of this isotope of xenon-124. 1023 years from now - All galactic clusters boil off. Temperature: 10-13 Kelvin. From then on: the Universe expands exponentially and cools down to a temperature of 10-30 Kelvin. The longest-lived stable isotope known, tellurium-128, has a half-life of 2.2 × 1024 years. All black holes eventually evaporate, and all other forms of matter eventually disperse into individual elementary particles. Note: the future sounds pretty boring here, but that's because I've had to omit all the exciting but unpredictable twists due to future discoveries by various forms of intelligent life. We can't really tell what will happen! What you do may have an effect - so be good. • • • ### References for Further Study Here's the best graphical history of the history I know - a truly fun book, packed with pictures, charts, and cool facts: * Nigel Calder, *Timescale: An Atlas of the 4th Dimension*, Viking Press, New York, 1983. I got interested in timelines as a kid because of this lovingly illustrated book on palaeontology: * Virginia Lee Burton, [*Life Story*](http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0395520177/ref=sib_dp_pt/104-9830943-8126355#reader-link"), Houghton Mifflin, New York, 1999. It's great for kids, but I still love it. Look at the sample pages! Also try these: * [Timeline of natural history](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_natural_history), Wikipedia. * [Timeline of human prehistory](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_human_prehistory), Wikipedia. * [Timeline of human history](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_human_history), Wikipedia. * [Future of the Earth, the Solar System and the Universe](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_far_future#Future_of_the_Earth.2C_the_Solar_System_and_the_Universe), Wikipedia. * Phil Fraundorf, [Multi-scale times](http://www.umsl.edu/~fraundor/ifzx/earthtimes.html). * Fred C. Adams and Gregory Laughlin, [A dying universe: the long term fate and evolution of astrophysical objects](http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9701131), *Rev. Mod. Phys.* **69** (1997), 337-372. * Fred C. Adams and Gregory Laughlin, *Five Ages of the Universe*, Free Press Publishers, 1999. * L. M. Krauss and G. D. Starkman, [Life, the universe, and nothing: life and death in an ever-expanding universe](http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9902189), *Astrophys. J.* **531**, (2000) 22-30. Also try my webpages on [mass extinctions](extinction/) and [climate change](temperature/). [For more on the very early history of the universe, click here](week196.html). [For more on the history of the Earth, click here](week273.html). [For more on the end of the universe, click here](end.html). An earlier version of this timeline is also available in [PDF](timeline.pdf) format. --- *Quantum fluctuation. Inflation. Expansion. Electroweak symmetry breaking. QCD phase transition. Particle-antiparticle annihilation. Deuterium and helium production. Growth of density perturbations. Recombination. Blackbody radiation. Local contraction. Cluster formation. Virialization. Galaxy formation. Turbulent fragmentation. Contraction. Compression. Population II star formation. Deuterium ignition. Hydrogen fusion. Reionization. Hydrogen depletion. Core contraction. Envelope expansion. Helium fusion. Carbon, oxygen, and silicon fusion. Iron production. Implosion. Supernova explosion. Metal ejection. Population I star formation. Condensation. Planetesimal accretion. Planetary differentiation. Crust solidification. Volatile gas expulsion. Water condensation. Water dissociation. Ozone production. Ultraviolet absorption. Hypercycle formation. Mutation. Natural selection. Evolution. Symbiosis. Photosynthesis. Respiration. Cell differentiation. Sexual reproduction. Fossilization. Land exploration. Dinosaur extinction. Mammal expansion. Homo sapiens manifestation. Symbolic perception. Tool production. Language. Cultural evolution. Migration. Art. Religion. Animal domestication. Surplus production. Civilization. Taxation. Nation-building. War. Exploration. Writing. Empire creation and destruction. Colonization. Science. Revolution. Industrialization. Mass production. Urbanization. Mass communication. World war. Depression. Genocide. Fission. Fusion. Space exploration. Mass extinction. Computerization. Globalization. Global warming. Internet formation. World-Wide Web creation. Genome mapping. Extrapolation?* - modified version of [History of the World in 200 Words or Less](http://members.bellatlantic.net/~vze3fs8i/hist/), from the Annals of Improbable Research © 2012 John Baez baez@math.removethis.ucr.andthis.edu ### [home](README.html)

https://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/timeline.html

<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"> <head> <meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=windows-1252"> <meta name=ProgId content=Word.Document> <meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 15"> <meta name=Originator content="Microsoft Word 15"> <base target="_top"> <link rel=File-List href="index_files/filelist.xml"> <title>U.S. Shipbuilding History, Canadian Shipbuilding History, Tim Colton</title>  <link rel=themeData href="index_files/themedata.thmx"> <link rel=colorSchemeMapping href="index_files/colorschememapping.xml">  <style>  </style>  <link rel="SHORTCUT ICON" href="http://www.shipbuildinghistory.com/images/sh2.ico"> <meta http-equiv=Content-Language content=en-us> <meta name="Microsoft Border" content=lr> <script language="JavaScript">  </script>  </head> <body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple style='tab-interval:.5in; color: #000080;' onload="FP_preloadImgs(/*url*/'_private/button13.jpg', /*url*/'_private/button12.jpg', /*url*/'_private/button19.jpg', /*url*/'_private/button18.jpg', /*url*/'_private/button37.jpg', /*url*/'_private/button38.jpg')"> <div class=WordSection1 style="width: 900px"> <table class=style12 border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=1100 style='width:1000px; mso-border-alt:solid navy 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook:1696' id=table1 align="left"> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes;height:1.0in'> <td style='border:solid navy 2.0pt;mso-border-alt:solid navy .25pt; background:#FFFFCC;padding:.75pt 3.0pt .75pt 3.0pt;height:1.0in; width: 1100px;'> <p style='margin-top:4.5pt;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom: 4.5pt;margin-left:9.0pt; font-size: xx-large;'><b> <span style='font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif; color:navy'><span class="style3">Shipbuilding History</span></span><o:p></o:p></b></p> <p style='margin-top:9.0pt;margin-right:9.0pt;margin-bottom: 9.0pt;margin-left:9.0pt' class="style1" > <span style='font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif; color:navy'><em class="style5">Construction records of U.S. and Canadian shipbuilders and boatbuilders</em></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:1;'> <td style='border-left: 1.0pt solid navy; border-right: 1.0pt solid navy; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid navy; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt:solid navy .75pt; mso-border-alt:solid navy .75pt; background:white; padding:0in 3.0pt 0in 3.0pt; height:8pt; width: 1021px;'> <p style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:9.0pt;margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left: 9.0pt'><span > <span style='font-family: "Book Antiqua",serif;color:navy' class="style13">The primary mission of this web site is to document the construction records of U.S. and Canadian shipbuilders and boatbuilders.  It also includes data on the construction of ships in U.S. and Canadian yards by type and provides some industry statistics.  Most of the data come from authoritative sources, but nobody's perfect and there are bound to be errors as well as omissions: please send corrections and additions to </span></span> <span style='font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif; color:navy' class="style13"><a href="mailto:timcolton@aol.com" class="style15"> TimColton@aol.com</a></span><span ><span style='font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;color:navy' class="style13">.</span></span><b><o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style='border-left: 1.0pt solid navy; border-right: 1.0pt solid navy; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid navy; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt:solid navy .75pt; mso-border-alt:solid navy .75pt; background:white; padding:0in 3.0pt 0in 3.0pt; height:7.5pt; width: 1021px;'> <p style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:9.0pt;margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:9.0pt'> <span><em>Major Updates in January:  </em></span> <span class="style6"> <a style="text-decoration: none" href="shipyards/large/manitowoc.htm">Manitowoc SB</a>, <a style="text-decoration: none" href="shipyards/large/marietta.htm">Marietta Mfg</a>, <a style="text-decoration: none" href="shipyards/large/moore.htm">Moore DD</a>, <a style="text-decoration: none" href="shipyards/large/southern.htm">Southern SB</a>, <a style="text-decoration: none" href="shipyards/large/tasco.htm">Tampa SB (TASCO)</a>, <a style="text-decoration: none" href="shipyards/large/tampa.htm">Tampa Ship</a>, <a style="text-decoration: none" href="shipyards/emergencylarge/cargill.htm">Cargill</a>, <a style="text-decoration: none" href="shipyards/19thcentury/wolf.htm">Wolff and Zwicker</a>, <a style="text-decoration: none" href="shipyards/large/westernpipe.htm">Western Pipe</a>, <a style="text-decoration: none" href="Statistics/activity2021.htm">Deliveries of Ships in 2021</a>, <a style="text-decoration: none" href="Statistics/activitybarges2021.htm">Deliveries of Barges in 2021</a> <p style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:9.0pt;margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:9.0pt'> <span><em>Major Updates in February:  </em></span> <span class="style6"> <a style="text-decoration: none" href="">Multiple Minor Additions</a> <p style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:9.0pt;margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:9.0pt'> <span><em>Major Updates in March:  </em></span> <span class="style6"> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:3;'> <td style='mso-border-top-alt:solid navy .75pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid navy; border-right: 1.0pt solid navy; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid navy; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt:.75pt; mso-border-left-alt:.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:.25pt; mso-border-right-alt:.5pt; mso-border-color-alt:navy; mso-border-style-alt:solid; background:#FFFFCC; padding:0in 3.0pt 0in 3.0pt; width: 1021px;'> <p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center'> <span style='font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;color:navy'><b> <span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;color:navy'> U.S. SHIPBUILDING</span><o:p></o:p></b></tr> <tr> <td style='border-left: 1.0pt solid navy; border-right: 1.0pt solid navy; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid navy; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt:solid navy .75pt; mso-border-alt:solid navy .75pt; background:white; padding:0.0pt 3.0pt 0.0pt 0.0pt; height:7.5pt; width: 1021px;'> <p align=center style='margin-top:0.0pt;margin-right:0.0pt;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-left:12.0pt' class="style7"> <em><span class="style6"> <a style="text-decoration: none" href="http://shipbuildinghistory.com/shipbuildersindex.htm"> <span class="style8">Click here for the Index to the U.S. Shipyards with Construction Records on this Web Site</span></a></tr> <tr> <td style='border-left: 1.0pt solid navy; border-right: 1.0pt solid navy; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid navy; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt:solid navy .75pt; mso-border-alt:solid navy .75pt; background:white; padding:0.0pt 3.0pt 0.0pt 0.0pt; height:7.5pt; width: 1021px;'><p style='margin-top:0.0pt;margin-right:0.0pt;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-left:12.0pt' class="style10"> <a style="text-decoration: none" href="http://shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/large.htm"> U.S. Builders of Large Ships and Rigs (20 active, 60 inactive shipyards)</a> </tr> <tr> <td style='border-left: 1.0pt solid navy; border-right: 1.0pt solid navy; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid navy; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt:solid navy .75pt; mso-border-alt:solid navy .75pt; background:white; padding:0.0pt 3.0pt 0.0pt 0.0pt; height:7.5pt; width: 1021px;'><p style='margin-top:0.0pt;margin-right:0.0pt;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-left:12.0pt' class="style10"> <a style="text-decoration: none" href="http://shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/small.htm"> U.S. Builders of Small Ships, Boats and Barges (86 active, 304 low-volume or inactive shipyards)</a> </tr> <tr> <td style='border-left: 1.0pt solid navy; border-right: 1.0pt solid navy; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid navy; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt:solid navy .75pt; mso-border-alt:solid navy .75pt; background:white; padding:0.0pt 3.0pt 0.0pt 0.0pt; height:7.5pt; width: 1021px;'><p style='margin-top:0.0pt;margin-right:0.0pt;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-left:12.0pt' class="style10"> <a style="text-decoration: none" href="http://shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/yachtlarge.htm"> U.S. Builders of Large Custom Yachts (8 active, 13 inactive)</a> </tr> <tr> <td style='border-left: 1.0pt solid navy; border-right: 1.0pt solid navy; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid navy; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt:solid navy .75pt; mso-border-alt:solid navy .75pt; background:white; padding:0.0pt 3.0pt 0.0pt 0.0pt; height:7.5pt; width: 1021px;'><p style='margin-top:0.0pt;margin-right:0.0pt;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-left:12.0pt' class="style10"> <a style="text-decoration: none" href="http://shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/yachtsmall.htm"> U.S. Builders of Small Yachts who built small craft in WWI and WWII (35, all inactive)</a> </tr> <tr> <td style='border-left: 1.0pt solid navy; border-right: 1.0pt solid navy; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid navy; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt:solid navy .75pt; mso-border-alt:solid navy .75pt; background:white; padding:0.0pt 3.0pt 0.0pt 0.0pt; height:7.5pt; width: 1021px;'><p style='margin-top:0.0pt;margin-right:0.0pt;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-left:12.0pt' class="style10"> <a style="text-decoration: none" href="http://shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/emergencylarge.htm"> U.S. Emergency Shipbuilders in WWI and WWII (166, all inactive)</a> </tr> <tr> <td style='border-left: 1.0pt solid navy; border-right: 1.0pt solid navy; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid navy; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt:solid navy .75pt; mso-border-alt:solid navy .75pt; background:white; padding:0.0pt 3.0pt 0.0pt 0.0pt; height:7.5pt; width: 1021px;'><p style='margin-top:0.0pt;margin-right:0.0pt;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-left:12.0pt' class="style10"> <a style="text-decoration: none" href="http://shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/emergencysmall.htm"> U.S. Emergency Boatbuilders in WWI and WWII (107, all inactive)</a> </tr> <tr> <td style='border-left: 1.0pt solid navy; border-right: 1.0pt solid navy; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid navy; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt:solid navy .75pt; mso-border-alt:solid navy .75pt; background:white; padding:0.0pt 3.0pt 0.0pt 0.0pt; height:7.5pt; width: 1021px;'><p style='margin-top:0.0pt;margin-right:0.0pt;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-left:12.0pt' class="style10"> <a style="text-decoration: none" href="http://shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/19thcentury.htm"> U.S. Shipbuilders from Before WWI (85, all inactive)</a> </tr> <tr> <td style='border-left: 1.0pt solid navy; border-right: 1.0pt solid navy; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid navy; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt:solid navy .75pt; mso-border-alt:solid navy .75pt; background:white; padding:0.0pt 3.0pt 0.0pt 0.0pt; height:7.5pt; width: 1021px;'><p style='margin-top:0.0pt;margin-right:0.0pt;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-left:12.0pt' class="style10"> <a style="text-decoration: none" href="http://shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/public.htm"> U.S. Naval Ship Yards and Bases (22, all inactive as shipbuilders)</a> </tr> <tr> <td style='border-left: 1.0pt solid navy; border-right: 1.0pt solid navy; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid navy; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt:solid navy .75pt; mso-border-alt:solid navy .75pt; background:white; padding:0.0pt 3.0pt 0.0pt 0.0pt; height:7.5pt; width: 1021px;'><p style='margin-top:0.0pt;margin-right:0.0pt;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-left:12.0pt' class="style10"> <a style="text-decoration: none" href="http://shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/other.htm"> Other U.S. Builders of Small Ships or Boats</a> <span class="style16">(~250 yards, in 14 tables)</span></tr> <tr> <td style='border-left: 1.0pt solid navy; border-right: 1.0pt solid navy; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid navy; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt:solid navy .75pt; mso-border-alt:solid navy .75pt; background:white; padding:0.0pt 3.0pt 0.0pt 0.0pt; height:7.5pt; width: 1021px;'> <p style='margin-top:0.0pt;margin-right:0.0pt;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-left:12.0pt' class="style10"> <a style="text-decoration: none" href="http://shipbuildinghistory.com/navalships.htm"> Large Ships and Submarines Built for the U.S. Navy (28 tables)</a> </tr> <tr> <td style='border-left: 1.0pt solid navy; border-right: 1.0pt solid navy; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid navy; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt:solid navy .75pt; mso-border-alt:solid navy .75pt; background:white; padding:0.0pt 3.0pt 0.0pt 0.0pt; height:7.5pt; width: 1021px;'> <p style='margin-top:0.0pt;margin-right:0.0pt;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-left:12.0pt' class="style10"> <a style="text-decoration: none" href="http://shipbuildinghistory.com/smallships.htm"> Small Ships, Boats and Craft Built for the U.S. Navy, the U.S. Coast Guard, the U.S. Army and N.O.A.A. (100 tables)</a> </tr> <tr> <td style='border-left: 1.0pt solid navy; border-right: 1.0pt solid navy; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid navy; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt:solid navy .75pt; mso-border-alt:solid navy .75pt; background:white; padding:0.0pt 3.0pt 0.0pt 0.0pt; height:7.5pt; width: 1021px;'> <p style='margin-top:0.0pt;margin-right:0.0pt;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-left:12.0pt' class="style10"> <a style="text-decoration: none" href="http://shipbuildinghistory.com/merchantships.htm"> Commercial Ships and Boats Built in the U.S. in WWI and WWII (38 tables)</a> </tr> <tr> <td style='border-left: 1.0pt solid navy; border-right: 1.0pt solid navy; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid navy; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt:solid navy .75pt; mso-border-alt:solid navy .75pt; background:white; padding:0.0pt 3.0pt 0.0pt 0.0pt; height:7.5pt; width: 1021px;'> <p style='margin-top:0.0pt;margin-right:0.0pt;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-left:12.0pt' class="style10"> <a style="text-decoration: none" href="http://shipbuildinghistory.com/shipssincewwii.htm"> Commercial Ships, Rigs and Large Barges Built in the U.S. since WWII (21 tables)</a> </tr> <tr> <td style='border-left: 1.0pt solid navy; border-right: 1.0pt solid navy; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid navy; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt:solid navy .75pt; mso-border-alt:solid navy .75pt; background:white; padding:0.0pt 3.0pt 0.0pt 0.0pt; height:7.5pt; width: 1021px;'><p style='margin-top:0.0pt;margin-right:0.0pt;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-left:12.0pt' class="style10"> <a style="text-decoration: none" href="http://shipbuildinghistory.com/statistics.htm#ships"> Annual Deliveries from U.S. Shipyards of Ships, Boats and Large Barges (2007 thru 2021)</a></tr> </tr> <tr> <td style='border-left: 1.0pt solid navy; border-right: 1.0pt solid navy; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid navy; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt:solid navy .75pt; mso-border-alt:solid navy .75pt; background:white; padding:0.0pt 3.0pt 0.0pt 0.0pt; height:7.5pt; width: 1021px;'><p style='margin-top:0.0pt;margin-right:0.0pt;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-left:12.0pt' class="style10"> <a style="text-decoration: none" href="http://shipbuildinghistory.com/statistics.htm#barges"> Annual Deliveries from U.S. Shipyards of Inland Barges (2007 thru 2021)</a></tr> </tr> <tr> <td style='border-left: 1.0pt solid navy; border-right: 1.0pt solid navy; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid navy; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt:solid navy .75pt; mso-border-alt:solid navy .75pt; background:white; padding:0.0pt 3.0pt 0.0pt 0.0pt; height:7.5pt; width: 1021px;'><p style='margin-top:0.0pt;margin-right:0.0pt;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-left:12.0pt' class="style10"> <a style="text-decoration: none" href="http://shipbuildinghistory.com/statistics/currentcommercial.htm"> Status of Current Major U.S. Commercial Shipbuilding Programs</a></tr> </tr> <tr> <td style='border-left: 1.0pt solid navy; border-right: 1.0pt solid navy; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid navy; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt:solid navy .75pt; mso-border-alt:solid navy .75pt; background:white; padding:0.0pt 3.0pt 0.0pt 0.0pt; height:7.5pt; width: 1021px;'><p style='margin-top:0.0pt;margin-right:0.0pt;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-left:12.0pt' class="style10"> <a style="text-decoration: none" href="http://shipbuildinghistory.com/statistics/currentnavy.htm"> Status of Current Major U.S. Government Shipbuilding Programs</a></tr> </tr> <tr> <td style='border-left: 1.0pt solid navy; border-right: 1.0pt solid navy; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid navy; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt:solid navy .75pt; mso-border-alt:solid navy .75pt; background:white; padding:0.0pt 3.0pt 0.0pt 0.0pt; height:7.5pt; width: 1021px;'><p style='margin-top:0.0pt;margin-right:0.0pt;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-left:12.0pt' class="style10"> <a style="text-decoration: none" href="http://shipbuildinghistory.com/statistics.htm#data"> U.S. Shipbuilding Industry Data</a> </tr> </tr> <tr> <td style='border-left: 1.0pt solid navy; border-right: 1.0pt solid navy; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid navy; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt:solid navy .75pt; mso-border-alt:solid navy .75pt; background:white; padding:0.0pt 3.0pt 0.0pt 0.0pt; height:7.5pt; width: 1021px;'><p style='margin-top:0.0pt;margin-right:0.0pt;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-left:12.0pt' class="style10"> <a style="text-decoration: none" href="http://shipbuildinghistory.com/statistics/museums.htm"> U.S. Maritime Museums and Memorials</a></tr> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:18;height:7.5pt'> <td style='mso-border-top-alt:solid navy .75pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid navy; border-right: 1.0pt solid navy; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid navy; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt:.75pt; mso-border-left-alt:.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: .25pt; mso-border-right-alt:.5pt; mso-border-color-alt:navy; mso-border-style-alt: solid; background:#FFFFCC; padding:0in 3.0pt 0in 3.0pt; height:7.5pt; width: 1021px;'> <p align=center style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center'> <b> <span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;color:navy'> <span class=style31> <span style='text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'>CANADIAN SHIPBUILDING</span></span></span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style='border-left: 1.0pt solid navy; border-right: 1.0pt solid navy; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid navy; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt:solid navy .75pt; mso-border-alt:solid navy .75pt; background:white; padding:0.0pt 3.0pt 0.0pt 0.0pt; height:7.5pt; width: 1021px;'> <p align=center style='margin-top:0.0pt;margin-right:0.0pt;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-left:12.0pt' class="style7"> <em><span class="style6"> <a style="text-decoration: none" href="http://shipbuildinghistory.com/shipbuilderscanadaindex.htm"> <span class="style8">Click here for the Index to the Canadian Shipyards with Construction Records on this Web Site</span></a></tr> </tr> <tr> <td style='border-left: 1.0pt solid navy; border-right: 1.0pt solid navy; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid navy; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt:solid navy .75pt; mso-border-alt:solid navy .75pt; background:white; padding:0.0pt 3.0pt 0.0pt 0.0pt; height:7.5pt; width: 1021px;'> <p style='margin-top:0.0pt;margin-right:0.0pt;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-left:12.0pt' class="style10"> <a style="text-decoration: none" href="http://shipbuildinghistory.com/canada.htm"> Canadian Builders of Large Ships and Rigs (3 active, 15 inactive) </a></tr> <tr> <td style='border-left: 1.0pt solid navy; border-right: 1.0pt solid navy; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid navy; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt:solid navy .75pt; mso-border-alt:solid navy .75pt; background:white; padding:0.0pt 3.0pt 0.0pt 0.0pt; height:7.5pt; width: 1021px;'> <p style='margin-top:0.0pt;margin-right:0.0pt;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-left:12.0pt' class="style10"> <a style="text-decoration: none" href="http://shipbuildinghistory.com/canada.htm"> Canadian Builders of Small Ships and Boats (15 active, 41 inactive) </a></tr> <tr> <td style='border-left: 1.0pt solid navy; border-right: 1.0pt solid navy; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid navy; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt:solid navy .75pt; mso-border-alt:solid navy .75pt; background:white; padding:0.0pt 3.0pt 0.0pt 0.0pt; height:7.5pt; width: 1021px;'> <p style='margin-top:0.0pt;margin-right:0.0pt;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-left:12.0pt' class="style10"> <a style="text-decoration: none" href="http://shipbuildinghistory.com/canada.htm"> Canadian Emergency Builders in WWII (35, all inactive) </a></tr> <tr> <td style='border-left: 1.0pt solid navy; border-right: 1.0pt solid navy; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid navy; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt:solid navy .75pt; mso-border-alt:solid navy .75pt; background:white; padding:0.0pt 3.0pt 0.0pt 0.0pt; height:7.5pt; width: 1021px;'> <p style='margin-top:0.0pt;margin-right:0.0pt;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-left:12.0pt' class="style10"> <a style="text-decoration: none" href="http://shipbuildinghistory.com/canada.htm"> Canadian Emergency Builders in WWI (19, all inactive) </a></tr> </tr> <tr> <td style='border-left: 1.0pt solid navy; border-right: 1.0pt solid navy; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid navy; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt:solid navy .75pt; mso-border-alt:solid navy .75pt; background:white; padding:0.0pt 3.0pt 0.0pt 0.0pt; height:7.5pt; width: 1021px;'> <p style='margin-top:0.0pt;margin-right:0.0pt;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-left:12.0pt' class="style10"> <a style="text-decoration: none" href="http://shipbuildinghistory.com/canada.htm"> Interesting Canadian Builders from Before WWI (3, all inactive) </a></tr> <tr> <td style='border-left: 1.0pt solid navy; border-right: 1.0pt solid navy; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid navy; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt:solid navy .75pt; mso-border-alt:solid navy .75pt; background:white; padding:0.0pt 3.0pt 0.0pt 0.0pt; height:7.5pt; width: 1021px;'> <p style='margin-top:0.0pt;margin-right:0.0pt;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-left:12.0pt' class="style10"> <a style="text-decoration: none" href="http://shipbuildinghistory.com/canada.htm"> Other Canadian Builders of Small Ships or Boats</a> <span class="style16">(~150 yards, in 7 tables)</span></tr> <tr> <td style='border-left: 1.0pt solid navy; border-right: 1.0pt solid navy; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid navy; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt:solid navy .75pt; mso-border-alt:solid navy .75pt; background:white; padding:0.0pt 3.0pt 0.0pt 0.0pt; height:7.5pt; width: 1021px;'> <p style='margin-top:0.0pt;margin-right:0.0pt;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-left:12.0pt' class="style10"> <a style="text-decoration: none" href="http://shipbuildinghistory.com/canadianships.htm"> Ships, Boats and Craft Built for the Royal Canadian Navy (12 tables) </a></tr> <tr> <td style='border-left: 1.0pt solid navy; border-right: 1.0pt solid navy; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid navy; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt:solid navy .75pt; mso-border-alt:solid navy .75pt; background:white; padding:0.0pt 3.0pt 0.0pt 0.0pt; height:7.5pt; width: 1021px;'> <p style='margin-top:0.0pt;margin-right:0.0pt;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-left:12.0pt' class="style10"> <a style="text-decoration: none" href="http://shipbuildinghistory.com/canadianships.htm"> Ships, Boats and Craft Built for the Canadian Coast Guard and the RCMP (3 tables) </a></tr> <tr> <td style='border-left: 1.0pt solid navy; border-right: 1.0pt solid navy; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid navy; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt:solid navy .75pt; mso-border-alt:solid navy .75pt; background:white; padding:0.0pt 3.0pt 0.0pt 0.0pt; height:7.5pt; width: 1021px;'> <p style='margin-top:0.0pt;margin-right:0.0pt;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-left:12.0pt' class="style10"> <a style="text-decoration: none" href="http://shipbuildinghistory.com/canadianships.htm"> Commercial Ships and Boats Built in Canada in WWI and WWII (2 tables) </a></tr> </tr> <tr> <td style='border-left: 1.0pt solid navy; border-right: 1.0pt solid navy; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid navy; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt:solid navy .75pt; mso-border-alt:solid navy .75pt; background:white; padding:0.0pt 3.0pt 0.0pt 0.0pt; height:7.5pt; width: 1021px;'> <p style='margin-top:0.0pt;margin-right:0.0pt;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-left:12.0pt' class="style10"> <a style="text-decoration: none" href="http://shipbuildinghistory.com/canadianships.htm"> Commercial Ships and Boats Built in Canada since WWII (9 tables) </a></tr> <tr> <td style='border-left: 1.0pt solid navy; border-right: 1.0pt solid navy; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid navy; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt:solid navy .75pt; mso-border-alt:solid navy .75pt; background:white; padding:0.0pt 3.0pt 0.0pt 0.0pt; height:7.5pt; width: 1021px;'><p style='margin-top:0.0pt;margin-right:0.0pt;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-left:12.0pt' class="style10"> <a style="text-decoration: none" href="http://shipbuildinghistory.com/statistics/outputcanada.htm">Annual Deliveries from Canadian Shipyards of Interesting Ships and Boats (2011 thru 2021)</a></tr> </tr> <tr> <td style='border-left: 1.0pt solid navy; border-right: 1.0pt solid navy; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid navy; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt:solid navy .75pt; mso-border-alt:solid navy .75pt; background:white; padding:0.0pt 3.0pt 0.0pt 0.0pt; height:7.5pt; width: 1021px;'><p style='margin-top:0.0pt;margin-right:0.0pt;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-left:12.0pt' class="style10"> <a style="text-decoration: none" href="http://shipbuildinghistory.com/statistics/currentcanada.htm"> Status of Current Canadian Government Shipbuilding Programs</tr> </tr> <tr> <td style='border-left: 1.0pt solid navy; border-right: 1.0pt solid navy; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid navy; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt:solid navy .75pt; mso-border-alt:solid navy .75pt; background:white; padding:0.0pt 3.0pt 0.0pt 0.0pt; height:7.5pt; width: 1021px;'><p style='margin-top:0.0pt;margin-right:0.0pt;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-left:12.0pt' class="style10"> <a style="text-decoration: none" href="http://shipbuildinghistory.com/statistics/museumscanada.htm">Canadian Maritime Museums and Memorials</a></tr> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:29;height:7.5pt'> <td style='mso-border-top-alt:solid navy .75pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid navy; border-right: 1.0pt solid navy; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid navy; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt:.75pt; mso-border-left-alt:.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:.25pt; mso-border-right-alt:.5pt; mso-border-color-alt:navy; mso-border-style-alt:solid; background:#FFFFCC; padding:0in 3.0pt 0in 3.0pt; height:7.5pt; width: 1021px;'> <p align=center style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:9.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center'><b> <span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;color:navy'> <span class=style31> <span style='text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'>OTHER LINKS</span></span></span><o:p></o:p></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style='mso-border-top-alt:solid navy .75pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid navy; border-right: 1.0pt solid navy; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid navy; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt:.75pt; mso-border-left-alt:.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:.25pt; mso-border-right-alt:.5pt; mso-border-color-alt:navy; mso-border-style-alt:solid; background:white; padding:0in 3.0pt 0in 3.0pt; height:22.5pt; width: 1021px;' class="style8"> <p align=center style='margin: 0in 9.0pt; text-align:center; width: 857px;'><span style='font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;color:navy'><span style='text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'> <a href="search.htm" class="style14"><span class="style13">Search This Site</span></a></span><span class="style13"><span style='text-underline:none'>       </span><span style='text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'> <a href="sources.htm">Principal Data Sources</a></span><span style='text-underline:none'>       </span><span style='text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'> <a href="resume.htm">Rï¿½sumï¿½</a><span style='text-underline:none'>       </span></span></span><span style='text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'> <a href="publications.htm">Publications</a></span><span style='text-underline:none'>      </span> <a href="Staying%20Afloat.pdf"><span class="style13">Memoirs: "Staying Afloat"</span></a></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:39;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes;height:22.5pt'> <td style='mso-border-top-alt:solid navy .75pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid navy; border-right: 1.0pt solid navy; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid navy; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt:.75pt; mso-border-left-alt:.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: .25pt; mso-border-right-alt:.5pt; mso-border-color-alt:navy; mso-border-style-alt: solid; background:white; padding:0in 3.0pt 0in 3.0pt; height:22.5pt; width: 1021px;'> <p align=center style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:9.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center'> <span style='font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;color:navy'>Copyright: Feel free to download, quote or copy anything on this site, except "Staying Afloat",</span></p> <p align=center style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:9.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center; width: 858px;'> <span style='font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;color:navy'> but please always credit the source as </span><strong> <span style='font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;color:navy'> <a href="http://www.shipbuildinghistory.com"> <span style='font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none' class="style9"> www.ShipbuildingHistory.com</span></a></span></strong></p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </body> </html>

U.S. Shipbuilding History, Canadian Shipbuilding History, Tim Colton   | | | --- | | **Shipbuilding History** *Construction records of U.S. and Canadian shipbuilders and boatbuilders* | | The primary mission of this web site is to document the construction records of U.S. and Canadian shipbuilders and boatbuilders. It also includes data on the construction of ships in U.S. and Canadian yards by type and provides some industry statistics. Most of the data come from authoritative sources, but nobody's perfect and there are bound to be errors as well as omissions: please send corrections and additions to [TimColton@aol.com](mailto:timcolton@aol.com). | | *Major Updates in January:* [Manitowoc SB](shipyards/large/manitowoc.htm), [Marietta Mfg](shipyards/large/marietta.htm), [Moore DD](shipyards/large/moore.htm), [Southern SB](shipyards/large/southern.htm), [Tampa SB (TASCO)](shipyards/large/tasco.htm), [Tampa Ship](shipyards/large/tampa.htm), [Cargill](shipyards/emergencylarge/cargill.htm), [Wolff and Zwicker](shipyards/19thcentury/wolf.htm), [Western Pipe](shipyards/large/westernpipe.htm), [Deliveries of Ships in 2021](Statistics/activity2021.htm), [Deliveries of Barges in 2021](Statistics/activitybarges2021.htm) *Major Updates in February:* Multiple Minor Additions *Major Updates in March:* | | **U.S. SHIPBUILDING** | | *[Click here for the Index to the U.S. Shipyards with Construction Records on this Web Site](http://shipbuildinghistory.com/shipbuildersindex.htm)* | | [U.S. Builders of Large Ships and Rigs (20 active, 60 inactive shipyards)](http://shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/large.htm) | | [U.S. Builders of Small Ships, Boats and Barges (86 active, 304 low-volume or inactive shipyards)](http://shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/small.htm) | | [U.S. Builders of Large Custom Yachts (8 active, 13 inactive)](http://shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/yachtlarge.htm) | | [U.S. Builders of Small Yachts who built small craft in WWI and WWII (35, all inactive)](http://shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/yachtsmall.htm) | | [U.S. Emergency Shipbuilders in WWI and WWII (166, all inactive)](http://shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/emergencylarge.htm) | | [U.S. Emergency Boatbuilders in WWI and WWII (107, all inactive)](http://shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/emergencysmall.htm) | | [U.S. Shipbuilders from Before WWI (85, all inactive)](http://shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/19thcentury.htm) | | [U.S. Naval Ship Yards and Bases (22, all inactive as shipbuilders)](http://shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/public.htm) | | [Other U.S. Builders of Small Ships or Boats](http://shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/other.htm) (~250 yards, in 14 tables) | | [Large Ships and Submarines Built for the U.S. Navy (28 tables)](http://shipbuildinghistory.com/navalships.htm) | | [Small Ships, Boats and Craft Built for the U.S. Navy, the U.S. Coast Guard, the U.S. Army and N.O.A.A. (100 tables)](http://shipbuildinghistory.com/smallships.htm) | | [Commercial Ships and Boats Built in the U.S. in WWI and WWII (38 tables)](http://shipbuildinghistory.com/merchantships.htm) | | [Commercial Ships, Rigs and Large Barges Built in the U.S. since WWII (21 tables)](http://shipbuildinghistory.com/shipssincewwii.htm) | | [Annual Deliveries from U.S. Shipyards of Ships, Boats and Large Barges (2007 thru 2021)](http://shipbuildinghistory.com/statistics.htm#ships) | | [Annual Deliveries from U.S. Shipyards of Inland Barges (2007 thru 2021)](http://shipbuildinghistory.com/statistics.htm#barges) | | [Status of Current Major U.S. Commercial Shipbuilding Programs](http://shipbuildinghistory.com/statistics/currentcommercial.htm) | | [Status of Current Major U.S. Government Shipbuilding Programs](http://shipbuildinghistory.com/statistics/currentnavy.htm) | | [U.S. Shipbuilding Industry Data](http://shipbuildinghistory.com/statistics.htm#data) | | [U.S. Maritime Museums and Memorials](http://shipbuildinghistory.com/statistics/museums.htm) | | **CANADIAN SHIPBUILDING** | | *[Click here for the Index to the Canadian Shipyards with Construction Records on this Web Site](http://shipbuildinghistory.com/shipbuilderscanadaindex.htm)* | | [Canadian Builders of Large Ships and Rigs (3 active, 15 inactive)](http://shipbuildinghistory.com/canada.htm) | | [Canadian Builders of Small Ships and Boats (15 active, 41 inactive)](http://shipbuildinghistory.com/canada.htm) | | [Canadian Emergency Builders in WWII (35, all inactive)](http://shipbuildinghistory.com/canada.htm) | | [Canadian Emergency Builders in WWI (19, all inactive)](http://shipbuildinghistory.com/canada.htm) | | [Interesting Canadian Builders from Before WWI (3, all inactive)](http://shipbuildinghistory.com/canada.htm) | | [Other Canadian Builders of Small Ships or Boats](http://shipbuildinghistory.com/canada.htm) (~150 yards, in 7 tables) | | [Ships, Boats and Craft Built for the Royal Canadian Navy (12 tables)](http://shipbuildinghistory.com/canadianships.htm) | | [Ships, Boats and Craft Built for the Canadian Coast Guard and the RCMP (3 tables)](http://shipbuildinghistory.com/canadianships.htm) | | [Commercial Ships and Boats Built in Canada in WWI and WWII (2 tables)](http://shipbuildinghistory.com/canadianships.htm) | | [Commercial Ships and Boats Built in Canada since WWII (9 tables)](http://shipbuildinghistory.com/canadianships.htm) | | [Annual Deliveries from Canadian Shipyards of Interesting Ships and Boats (2011 thru 2021)](http://shipbuildinghistory.com/statistics/outputcanada.htm) | | [Status of Current Canadian Government Shipbuilding Programs](http://shipbuildinghistory.com/statistics/currentcanada.htm) | | [Canadian Maritime Museums and Memorials](http://shipbuildinghistory.com/statistics/museumscanada.htm) | | **OTHER LINKS** | | [Search This Site](search.htm) [Principal Data Sources](sources.htm) [Rï¿½sumï¿½](resume.htm) [Publications](publications.htm) [Memoirs: "Staying Afloat"](Staying%20Afloat.pdf) | | Copyright: Feel free to download, quote or copy anything on this site, except "Staying Afloat", but please always credit the source as **[www.ShipbuildingHistory.com](http://www.shipbuildinghistory.com)** |

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<html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <meta name="keywords" content="philip, phillip" /> <title>Internet Edition Index (English)</title> </head> <body bgcolor="#ffffff" background="image/stoneBGD.gif" TEXT="#FFFFFF" LINK="#ffff00" ALINK="#ffffff" VLINK ="#ffff00"> <font size=3> <name="top"> <map name="MENU"> <area shape="rect" coords="0,0,66,22" href="../what_new/index_e.html"> <area shape="rect" coords="69,0,135,22" href="../what_ic/index_e.html"> <area shape="rect" coords="138,0,204,22" href="../ic_mag/iecontents_e.html"> <area shape="rect" coords="207,0,273,22" href="../ic_mag/ic_index_e.html"> <area shape="rect" coords="276,0,342,22" href="../icc_books/index_e.html"> <area shape="rect" coords="345,0,411,22" href="/About/Publication/Catalogue/index_j.html">  </map> <img src="../image/menu.gif" usemap="#MENU" border=0><br><br> <map name="In_header"> <area shape="rect" coords="0,0,41,11" href="#name_0"> <area shape="rect" coords="43,0,84,11" href="#name_1"> <area shape="rect" coords="86,0,128,11" href="#name_2"> <area shape="rect" coords="130,0,172,11" href="#name_3"> <area shape="rect" coords="174,0,216,11" href="#name_4"> <area shape="rect" coords="218,0,260,11" href="#name_5"> <area shape="rect" coords="262,0,304,11" href="#name_6"> <area shape="rect" coords="306,0,348,11" href="#name_7"> <area shape="rect" coords="350,0,392,11" href="#name_8"> <area shape="rect" coords="394,0,436,11" href="#name_9"> <area shape="rect" coords="438,0,480,11" href="#name_10"> <area shape="rect" coords="0,13,41,24" href="#name_11"> <area shape="rect" coords="43,13,84,24" href="#name_12"> <area shape="rect" coords="86,13,128,24" href="#name_13"> <area shape="rect" coords="130,13,172,24" href="#name_14"> <area shape="rect" coords="174,13,216,24" href="#name_15"> <area shape="rect" coords="218,13,260,24" href="#name_16"> <area shape="rect" coords="262,13,304,24" href="#name_17"> <area shape="rect" coords="306,13,348,24" href="#name_18"> <area shape="rect" coords="350,13,392,24" href="#name_19"> <area shape="rect" coords="394,13,436,24" href="#name_20"> <area shape="rect" coords="438,13,480,24" href="#name_21"> <area shape="rect" coords="0,25,41,37" href="#name_22"> <area shape="rect" coords="43,26,84,37" href="#name_23"> <area shape="rect" coords="86,26,128,36" href="#name_24"> <area shape="rect" coords="130,26,172,36" href="#name_25"> <area shape="rect" coords="174,26,216,36" href="#name_26"> <area shape="rect" coords="218,26,260,36" href="#name_27"> <area shape="rect" coords="262,26,304,36" href="#name_28"> <area shape="rect" coords="306,26,348,36" href="#name_29"> <area shape="rect" coords="350,26,392,36" href="#name_30"> <area shape="rect" coords="394,26,436,36" href="#name_31"> <!area shape="rect" coords="438,26,480,36" href="#name_32"> </map> <img src="image/ICMZHEAD.gif" usemap="#In_header" border=0> <p> <img src="image/ICMZTTL.gif"> <p> <p> <img src="image/INTERNETTTL.gif"> </p> <p> 1992 No.0(Spring)-No.2(Autumn) <br> 1993 No.3(Winter)-No.6(Autumn) <br> 1994 No.7(Winter)-No.10(Autumn) <br> 1995 No.11(Winter)-No.14(Autumn) <br> 1996 No.15(Winter)-No.18(Autumn) <br> 1997 No.19(Winter)-No.22(Autumn)<br> 1998 No.23(Winter)-No.26(Autumn)<br> 1999 No.27(Winter)-No.30(Autumn)<br> 2000 No.31(Winter)-<br> </p> <p> <A HREF="../ic_mag/ic_index_e.html">Back Issues Index</A> <br> </p> <p> <A HREF="../ic_home_e.html">Magazines & Books Page</A><br> <br> No. Title <br> <p> <img src="image/image31.gif"> </p> <p> <font size=4>2000<br></font> </p> <a name="name_31"> <p><b>No.31</b></p> <font size=2></font>  <img src="image/image31.gif"> </p> <p> <font size=4>1999<br></font> </p> <a name="name_30"> <p><b>No.30</b></p> <font size=2></font> <hr> <a name="name_29"> <p><b>No.29</b></p> <font size=2></font> <hr> <a name="name_28"> <p><b>No.28</b></p> <font size=2> <a href="ic028/html/065e.html">Robot Ecosystems</a> ASADA Minoru and SAKURA Osamu<br> <a href="ic028/html/130e.html">When the Eye Frames Red [part 1]:</a> An Interview with Trinh T. Minh-ha Interviewer: Akira MIZUTA LIPPIT<br> <a href="ic028/html/166e.html">A Fetishism of Divided Time</a> "THE SECOND/Time Based Art from the Netherlands" KARIYA Yosuke<br> <a href="ic028/html/170e.html">ICC Report</a> </font> <hr> <a name="name_27"> <p><b>No.27</b></p> <font size=2> <a href="ic027/html/104e.html">Kanji as Cultural Mechanism</a> SUZUKI Takao and KATSURA Eishi<br> <a href="ic027/html/128e.html">Symposium: Luigi Nono and Prometeo</a><br> Helmut LACHENMANN, ISOZAKI Arata, ASADA Akira and CHOKI Seiji<br> <a href="ic027/html/178e.html">On the Enigmatic: "Proliferating Books" and Their Verso, the "Signifying Power of Writing"<br>"The Library of Babel": Characters / Books / Media</a> USUDA Shoji<br> <a href="ic027/html/183e.html">When Media Permeates the Body ICC NewSchool No.5 "Senses and Communication"</a> UTADA Akihiro<br> <a href="ic027/html/186e.html">ICC Report</a><br> </font> <p> <img src="image/image31.gif"> </p> <p> <font size=4>1998<br></font> </p> <a name="name_26"> <p><b>No.26</b></p> <font size=2> <a href="ic026/html/072_073e.html">Opera/Internet/Noise: An Interview with Ryuichi SAKAMOTO</a> Interviewer: TANABE Mitsuru<br> <a href="ic026/html/168_170e.html">Toward a Culture of Ex-stase: The Appearance of Inner Space in Digital Culture</a><br>HOSONO Haruomi, NKAZAWA Shinichi, ITOH Toshiharu, and MINATO Chihiro<br> <a href="ic026/html/180e.html">"The Possibility of Trance" in the Telepresence World</a> KIMURA Shigeki<br> <a href="ic026/html/184e.html">ICC Report</a><br> </font> <hr> <a name="name_25"> <p><b>No.25</b></p> <font size=2> <a href="ic025/html/018e.html"> The Future of Virtual Reality and Telepresence</a> HIROSE Michitaka and MINATO Chihiro<br> <a href="ic025/html/054e.html"> Telepresence as a Design Philosophy : An Interview with William Buxton</a><br> Interviewer: MORIYAMA Kazumichi Translation: YAMADA Kazuko<br> <a href="ic025/html/100e.html"> We Really Need to Learn More about the Physical World</a><br> Roger PENROSE and SATO Humitaka<br> <a href="ic025/html/173-175e.html"> A Walk through the ARAKAWA/GINS Exhibition</a><br> The City as the Art Form of the Next Millennium: ARAKAWA/GINS KISARAGI Koharu<br> <a href="ic025/html/176-177e.html"> Beyond McLuhan</a> Monday Night Seminar in ICC SUEHIRO Nobuyuki<br> <a href="ic025/html/178e.html"> ICC Report</a> </font> <hr> <a name="name_24"> <p><b>No.24</b></p> <font size=2></font> <hr> <a name="name_23"> <p><b>No.23</b></p> <font size=2></font> <p> <img src="image/image31.gif"> </p> <p> <font size=4>1997<br></font> </p> <a name="name_22"> <p><b>No.22</b></p> <font size=2></font> <hr> <a name="name_21"> <p><b>No.21</b></p> <font size=2></font> <hr> <a name="name_20"> <p><b>No.20</b></p> <font size=2> InterCreation<br> <a href="ic020/intercreation/intercreation_J.html"> The Shape of Cities in the Future [I]] </a>Made in Tokyo T.M.I.T.<br> <a href="ic020/intercreation/intercreation_J.html#lynch"> The Shape of Cities in the Future [II] </a>The Duality of Nature David LYNCH<br> <a href="ic020/intercreation/intercreation_J.html#kame"> The Shape of Cities in the Future [III] </a>Kame-Pao Kame-Pao project team</a><br> <br> InterCity<br> <a href="ic020/intercity/asada_E.html"> Divertimento for an Image Playing Piano </a>Sakamoto Ryuichi and Iwai Toshio's Experiment ASADA Akira<br><br> </font> <hr> <a name="name_19"> <b>No.19</font></b><br> <A HREF="ic019/118/IC19-118-E.html">The Karaoke Effect: Whose Infotainment is it Anyway?</A> <br> Feature: Alfred BIRNBAUM<br> </p> <p> <A HREF="ic019/006-012/IC19-006-012-E.html">The Shape of Cities in the Future: SEED PROJECT1994-1996</A> <br> InterCreation OTA Saburo<br> </p> <p> <A HREF="ic019/006-012/IC19-006-012-E.html">The Shape of Cities in the Future: DELICATE</A> <br> InterCreation NAKAYAMA Daisuke<br> </p> <p> <A HREF="ic019/006-012/IC19-006-012-E.html">The Shape of Cities in the Future: AURA RESEARCH</A> <br> InterCreation Nina FISCHER & Maroan EL SANI<br> </p> <p> <A HREF="Iic019/029/C19-029-E.html">A Celebration of Construction and Fracture<br> 6th International Architecture Exhibition Venezia Biennale 1996</A> <br> InterCity VENICE KINOSHITA Toshiko<br> </p> <p> <A HREF="ic019/036/IC19-036-E.html">Australia: Two Magnetic Forces<br> 10th Biennale of Sydney 1996 --Jurassic Technologies Revenant<br> The Second Asia-Pacific Triennial of Contemporary Art</A> <br> InterCity SYDNEY/BRISBANE KAMIKANDA Kei<br> </p> <p> <A HREF="ic019/059/IC19-059-E.html">Building A Progressive, Pragmatic Futurism<br> An E-mail Interview with Mark Dery</A> <br> InterCity NEW YORK/AMSTERDAM Geert LOVINK<br> </p> <p> <A HREF="ic019/072/IC19-072-E.html">...Dancing All Night, This Is No Dance Theory [part 6] Titillation</A><br> Communication Frontier ITOH Seikoh, OSHIKIRI Shinichi, and SAKURAI Keisuke<br> </p> <p> <img src="image/image31.gif"> </p> <p> <font size=4>1996<br></font> </p> <a name="name_18"> <b>No.18</font></b><br> <hr> <a name="name_17"> <b>No.17</font></b><br> <a href="ic017/books50/books50_listE.html">Book Guide 50</a><br> Feature<p> <A HREF="ic017/intercreation/intercreation_E.html"> The Shape of Cities in the Future:Sensorial Dynamics</a><br> InterCreation/HAN Ayumi</p><p> <A HREF="ic017/intercreation/intercreation_E.html#cross"> The Shape of Cities in the Future:Crossings</a><br> InterCreation/Stacey SPIEGEL and Rodney HOINKES</p><p> <A HREF="ic017/intercreation/intercreation_E.html#world"> The Shape of Cities in the Future:World Underground Project</a><br> InterCreation/Jae Eun CHOI<p> <hr> <a name="name_16"> <b>No.16</font></b><br> <A HREF="ic016/parole/parole_e.html">The Shape of Cities in the Future [I] porte-parole</A> <br> InterCreation Krzysztof WODICZKO / Translation: YOKOYAMA Ryo<br> </p> <p> <A HREF="ic016/pudding/pudding_e.html">The Shape of Cities in the Future: Putchin' Pudding</A> <br> InterCreation MATSUMOTO Gento<br> </p> <p> <A HREF="ic016/cokka/cokka_e.html">The Shape of Cities in the Future: Compact Cokka</A> <br> InterCreation KATAGIRI Naoki<br> </p> <p> <A HREF="ic016/portrait/portrait_e.html">The Shape of Cities in the Future: Quite A Portrait</A> <br> InterCreation Akke WAGENAAR<br> </p> <p> <A HREF="ic016/mito/mito_e.html">Day Tripping, and Awakening<br> James TURRELL and TANAKA Takahiro at the Art Tower Mito</A> <br> InterCity MITO ASADA Akira<br> </p> <p> <A HREF="ic016/prague/prague_e.html">ORBIS FICTUS<br> New Media in Contemporary Arts</A> <br> Milos VOJTECHOVSKY<br> </p> <hr> <a name="name_15"> <b>No.15</font></b><br> <A HREF="ic015/ascott/ascott_e.html">The Museum of the Third Kind</A> <br> Feature Roy ASCOTT<br> </p> <p> <A HREF="ic015/louvre/louvre_e.html">The Louvre Today and Tomorrow</A> <br> Feature Sally Jane NORMAN<br> </p> <p> <A HREF="ic015/aude/aude_e.html">High Tech, Museums, and the New Visual Literacy</A> <br> Feature Karen AUDE<br> </p> <p> <A HREF="ic015/okabe/art_e.html">The Shape of Cities in the Future: World Grid System</A> <br> InterCreation OKABE Toshihiko<br> </p> <p> <A HREF="ic015/tanaka/art_e.html">The Shape of Cities in the Future</A> <br> InterCreation TANAKA Takahiro<br> </p> <p> <img src="image/image31.gif"> </p> <p> <font size=4>1995<br></font> </p> <a name="name_14"> <b>No.14</font></b><br> <A HREF="ic014/zizek/zizek_e.html">Japan through a Slovenian Looking Glass: Reflections of Media <br> and Politic and Cinema</A> <br> An interview with Slavoj ZIZEK<br> Feature Geert LOVINK<br> </p> <p> <A HREF="ic014/huhtamo/huhtamo_e.html">Resurrecting the Technological Past <br>-- An Introduction to the Archaeology of Media Art</A> <br> Feature Erkki HUHTAMO<br> </p> <p> <A HREF="ic014/penny/penny_e.html">Twenty Centuries of Virtual Reality</A> <br> Feature Simon PENNY<br> </p> <p> <A HREF="ic014/gravity/gravity_e.html">The Shape of Cities in the Future: Gravity and Grace</A><br> InterCreation MATSUMOTO Yasuaki and TOWATA Masayuki<br> </p> <p> <A HREF="ic014/faucon/faucon_e.html">The Shape of Cities in the Future: Un sentiment infini de reconnaissance</A> <br> InterCreation Bernard FAUCON<br> </p> <p> <A HREF="ic014/tanaka/tanaka_e.html">The Shape of Cities in the Future</A> <br> InterCreation TANAKA Noriyuki<br> </p> <p> <A HREF="ic014/volker/volker_e.html">"LET THERE BE LIGHT"--A Scared Conversation with Bob O'KANE</A> <br> InterCity Tokyo Volker GRASSMUCK<br> </p> <hr> <p> <a name="name_13"> <b>No.13</font></b><br> <A HREF="ic013/mikami/mikami_e.html">The Shape of Cities in the Future: Molecular Engine</A> <br> InterCreation MIKAMI Seiko<br> </p> <p> <A HREF="ic013/dono/dono_e.html">The Shape of Cities in the Future: Glass Vehicles</A> <br> InterCreation Heri dono<br> </p> <p> <A HREF="ic013/tachibana/tachibana_e.html">The Shape of Cities in the Future: APPLICATION TOUR AUTUMN 1995</A> <br> InterCreation TACHIBANA Hajime<br> </p> <p> <A HREF="ic013/duran/duran_e.html">The Shape of Cities in the Future: Armed Musician for An Embassy Without A Country</A> <br> InterCreation Sergio DURAN<br> </p> <hr> <a name="name_12"> <b>No.12</font></b><br> <A HREF="ic012/zadan/summary_e.html">Self, Gaze and Power in the Hypermedia Society</A> <br> Feature ASADA Akira, OSAWA Masachi, KARATANI Kojin and <br> KUROSAKI Masao<br> </p> <p> <A HREF="ic012/monika/honbun_e.html">The Shape of Cities in the Future: <br> Liquid People, Los Angels & Liquid People, Madrid Real-time images<br> of people looking into the interactive digital well "Liquid Views" </A><br> InterCreation Monika FLEISCHMANN, Wolfgang STRAUSS, and<br> Christian-A.BOHN<br> </p> <p> <A HREF="ic012/dumb_type/summary_e.html">I am "OUT," therefore I am-Performance "S/N" by dumb type</A> <br> InterCity, Yokohama/Tokyo KUMAKURA Taka'aki<br> </p> <p> <A HREF="ic012/sense_abi/summary_e.html">Sense-Abilities</A> <br> InterCity, Boston Karen AUDE<br> </p> <p> <A HREF="ic012/renga/summary_e.html">"Ninohashi Renga" -Inspiration Network: A Linked-Image Talk Session</A> <br> Project ICC ANZAI Toshihiro, NAKAMURA Rieko, <br> MIYAKE Naomi and ISHII Hiroshi<br> </p> <hr> <a name="name_11"> <b>No.11</font></b><br> <A HREF="ic011/limeworks/limeworks_e.html">The Shape of Cities in the Future: Lime Works</A> <br> InterCreation HATAKEYAMA Naoya<br> </p> <p> <img src="image/image31.gif" alt="philip"> </p> <p> <font size=4>1994<br></font> </p> <a name="name_10"> <b>No.10</font></b><br> <A HREF="ic010/itoh/itoh_e.html">Toward a Transparent Vision:<br> Between Two Forms of the Image</A> <br> Feature ITOH Toshiharu<br> </p> <p> <A HREF="ic010/realism/realism_e.html">Electronic Realism</A><br> Feature MATSUURA Hisaki<br> </p> <p> <A HREF="ic010/ideal/ideal_e.html">The Shape of Cities in the Future</A><br> InterCreation Ideal Copy<br> </p> <p> <A HREF="ic010/holzer/holzer_e.html">The Shape of Cities in the Future</A><br> InterCreation Jenny HOLZER<br> </p> <hr> <a name="name_9"> <b>No.9</font></b><br> <p> <A HREF="ic009/plants/plants_e.html">The Shape of Cities in the Future</A> <br> InterCreation Bulbous Plants<br> </p> <A HREF="ic009/sina/sina_e.html">The Shape of Cities in the Future</A> <br> InterCreation Miguel CHEVALIER and Adrien SINA<br> </p> <hr> <a name="name_8"> <b>No.8</font></b><br> <A HREF="ic008/sekiguchi/sekiguchi_e.html">The Shape of Cities in the Future</A> <br> InterCreation SEKIGUCHI Atsuhito<br> </p> <hr> <a name="name_7"> <b>No.7</font></b><br> <A HREF="ic007/phillip/phillip_e.html">The Shape of Cities in the Future</A> <br> InterCreation Nick PHILLIP<br> </p> <p> <img src="image/image31.gif"> </p> <p> <font size=4>1993<br></font> </p> <hr> <a name="name_6"> <b>No.6</font></b><br> </p> <hr> <a name="name_5"> <b>No.5</font></b><br> </p> <hr> <a name="name_4"> <b>No.4</font></b><br> <A HREF="ic004/mullican/mullican_e.html">The Shape of Cities in the Future</A> <br> InterCreation Matt MULLICAN<br> </p> <a name="name_3"> <b>No.3</font></b><br> <A HREF="ic003/metaphisica/metaphisica_e.html">Lost in Heaven</A><br> Feature HATTORI Katsura<br> </p> <p> <A HREF="ic003/kitagawara/kitagawara_e.html">The Shape of Cities in the Future</A> <br> InterCreation KITAGAWARA Atsushi<br> </p> <a name="name_2"> <b>No.2</font></b><br> <A HREF="ic002/dumbtype/dumbtype_e.html">The Shape of Cities in the Future: 'S/N' Projects</A> <br> InterCreation DUMB TYPE<br> </p> <p> <A HREF="ic002/ana/ana_e.html">The Shape of Cities in the Future: FLASH FLOOD/LAZY RIVER</A> <br> InterCreation Ana BARRADO<br> </p> <p> <img src="image/image31.gif"> </p> <p> <font size=4>1992<br></font> </p> <a name="name_1"> <b>No.1</font></b><br> <A HREF="ic001/divina/divina_e.html">The Shape of Cities in the Future: DIVINA COMEDIA</A> <br> InterCreation TATSUMI Naohiro, TOWATA Masayuki, MATSUMOTO Yasuaki <br> and TSUZUKI Tosaku<br> </p> <p> <A HREF="ic001/shaw/shaw_e.html">The Shape of Cities in the Future: <br>The Legible City --aerial view of Amsterdam version 1990</A> <br> InterCreation Jeffrey SHAW<br> </p> <hr> <p> <a name="name_0"> <b>No.0</font></b><br> <A HREF="ic000/frontier/frontier_e.html">Frontiers of Communication</A><br> Feature ITOH Toshiharu, TAKEMURA Mitsuhiro and FUJIHATA Masaki<br> </p> <A HREF="ic000/gunther/gunther_e.html">The Shape of Cities in the Future: The United Multicultural City States of the World</A> <br> InterCreation Ingo GUNTHER<br> </p> <br> <a href="#top"><img src="../image/GoTop2.gif" align="right" border=0></a> <br> <hr> <p> NTT Publishing Co., Ltd<br> InterCommunication editorial office<br> E-Mail: <a href="mailto:ic@nttpub.co.jp">ic@nttpub.co.jp</a> <br> </p> <img src="image/image31.gif"> </body> </html>

Internet Edition Index (English) ![](../image/menu.gif) ![](image/ICMZHEAD.gif) ![](image/ICMZTTL.gif) ![](image/INTERNETTTL.gif) 1992 No.0(Spring)-No.2(Autumn) 1993 No.3(Winter)-No.6(Autumn) 1994 No.7(Winter)-No.10(Autumn) 1995 No.11(Winter)-No.14(Autumn) 1996 No.15(Winter)-No.18(Autumn) 1997 No.19(Winter)-No.22(Autumn) 1998 No.23(Winter)-No.26(Autumn) 1999 No.27(Winter)-No.30(Autumn) 2000 No.31(Winter)- [Back Issues Index](../ic_mag/ic_index_e.html) [Magazines & Books Page](../ic_home_e.html) No. Title ![](image/image31.gif) 2000 **No.31** ![](image/image31.gif) 1999 **No.30** --- **No.29** --- **No.28** [Robot Ecosystems](ic028/html/065e.html) ASADA Minoru and SAKURA Osamu [When the Eye Frames Red [part 1]:](ic028/html/130e.html) An Interview with Trinh T. Minh-ha Interviewer: Akira MIZUTA LIPPIT [A Fetishism of Divided Time](ic028/html/166e.html) "THE SECOND/Time Based Art from the Netherlands" KARIYA Yosuke [ICC Report](ic028/html/170e.html) --- **No.27** [Kanji as Cultural Mechanism](ic027/html/104e.html) SUZUKI Takao and KATSURA Eishi [Symposium: Luigi Nono and Prometeo](ic027/html/128e.html) Helmut LACHENMANN, ISOZAKI Arata, ASADA Akira and CHOKI Seiji [On the Enigmatic: "Proliferating Books" and Their Verso, the "Signifying Power of Writing" "The Library of Babel": Characters / Books / Media](ic027/html/178e.html) USUDA Shoji [When Media Permeates the Body ICC NewSchool No.5 "Senses and Communication"](ic027/html/183e.html) UTADA Akihiro [ICC Report](ic027/html/186e.html) ![](image/image31.gif) 1998 **No.26** [Opera/Internet/Noise: An Interview with Ryuichi SAKAMOTO](ic026/html/072_073e.html) Interviewer: TANABE Mitsuru [Toward a Culture of Ex-stase: The Appearance of Inner Space in Digital Culture](ic026/html/168_170e.html) HOSONO Haruomi, NKAZAWA Shinichi, ITOH Toshiharu, and MINATO Chihiro ["The Possibility of Trance" in the Telepresence World](ic026/html/180e.html) KIMURA Shigeki [ICC Report](ic026/html/184e.html) --- **No.25** [The Future of Virtual Reality and Telepresence](ic025/html/018e.html) HIROSE Michitaka and MINATO Chihiro [Telepresence as a Design Philosophy : An Interview with William Buxton](ic025/html/054e.html) Interviewer: MORIYAMA Kazumichi Translation: YAMADA Kazuko [We Really Need to Learn More about the Physical World](ic025/html/100e.html) Roger PENROSE and SATO Humitaka [A Walk through the ARAKAWA/GINS Exhibition](ic025/html/173-175e.html) The City as the Art Form of the Next Millennium: ARAKAWA/GINS KISARAGI Koharu [Beyond McLuhan](ic025/html/176-177e.html) Monday Night Seminar in ICC SUEHIRO Nobuyuki [ICC Report](ic025/html/178e.html) --- **No.24** --- **No.23** ![](image/image31.gif) 1997 **No.22** --- **No.21** --- **No.20** InterCreation [The Shape of Cities in the Future [I]]](ic020/intercreation/intercreation_J.html) Made in Tokyo T.M.I.T. [The Shape of Cities in the Future [II]](ic020/intercreation/intercreation_J.html#lynch) The Duality of Nature David LYNCH [The Shape of Cities in the Future [III]](ic020/intercreation/intercreation_J.html#kame) Kame-Pao Kame-Pao project team InterCity [Divertimento for an Image Playing Piano](ic020/intercity/asada_E.html) Sakamoto Ryuichi and Iwai Toshio's Experiment ASADA Akira --- **No.19** [The Karaoke Effect: Whose Infotainment is it Anyway?](ic019/118/IC19-118-E.html) Feature: Alfred BIRNBAUM [The Shape of Cities in the Future: SEED PROJECT1994-1996](ic019/006-012/IC19-006-012-E.html) InterCreation OTA Saburo [The Shape of Cities in the Future: DELICATE](ic019/006-012/IC19-006-012-E.html) InterCreation NAKAYAMA Daisuke [The Shape of Cities in the Future: AURA RESEARCH](ic019/006-012/IC19-006-012-E.html) InterCreation Nina FISCHER & Maroan EL SANI [A Celebration of Construction and Fracture 6th International Architecture Exhibition Venezia Biennale 1996](Iic019/029/C19-029-E.html) InterCity VENICE KINOSHITA Toshiko [Australia: Two Magnetic Forces 10th Biennale of Sydney 1996 --Jurassic Technologies Revenant The Second Asia-Pacific Triennial of Contemporary Art](ic019/036/IC19-036-E.html) InterCity SYDNEY/BRISBANE KAMIKANDA Kei [Building A Progressive, Pragmatic Futurism An E-mail Interview with Mark Dery](ic019/059/IC19-059-E.html) InterCity NEW YORK/AMSTERDAM Geert LOVINK [...Dancing All Night, This Is No Dance Theory [part 6] Titillation](ic019/072/IC19-072-E.html) Communication Frontier ITOH Seikoh, OSHIKIRI Shinichi, and SAKURAI Keisuke ![](image/image31.gif) 1996 **No.18** --- **No.17** [Book Guide 50](ic017/books50/books50_listE.html) Feature [The Shape of Cities in the Future:Sensorial Dynamics](ic017/intercreation/intercreation_E.html) InterCreation/HAN Ayumi [The Shape of Cities in the Future:Crossings](ic017/intercreation/intercreation_E.html#cross) InterCreation/Stacey SPIEGEL and Rodney HOINKES [The Shape of Cities in the Future:World Underground Project](ic017/intercreation/intercreation_E.html#world) InterCreation/Jae Eun CHOI --- **No.16** [The Shape of Cities in the Future [I] porte-parole](ic016/parole/parole_e.html) InterCreation Krzysztof WODICZKO / Translation: YOKOYAMA Ryo [The Shape of Cities in the Future: Putchin' Pudding](ic016/pudding/pudding_e.html) InterCreation MATSUMOTO Gento [The Shape of Cities in the Future: Compact Cokka](ic016/cokka/cokka_e.html) InterCreation KATAGIRI Naoki [The Shape of Cities in the Future: Quite A Portrait](ic016/portrait/portrait_e.html) InterCreation Akke WAGENAAR [Day Tripping, and Awakening James TURRELL and TANAKA Takahiro at the Art Tower Mito](ic016/mito/mito_e.html) InterCity MITO ASADA Akira [ORBIS FICTUS New Media in Contemporary Arts](ic016/prague/prague_e.html) Milos VOJTECHOVSKY --- **No.15** [The Museum of the Third Kind](ic015/ascott/ascott_e.html) Feature Roy ASCOTT [The Louvre Today and Tomorrow](ic015/louvre/louvre_e.html) Feature Sally Jane NORMAN [High Tech, Museums, and the New Visual Literacy](ic015/aude/aude_e.html) Feature Karen AUDE [The Shape of Cities in the Future: World Grid System](ic015/okabe/art_e.html) InterCreation OKABE Toshihiko [The Shape of Cities in the Future](ic015/tanaka/art_e.html) InterCreation TANAKA Takahiro ![](image/image31.gif) 1995 **No.14** [Japan through a Slovenian Looking Glass: Reflections of Media and Politic and Cinema](ic014/zizek/zizek_e.html) An interview with Slavoj ZIZEK Feature Geert LOVINK [Resurrecting the Technological Past -- An Introduction to the Archaeology of Media Art](ic014/huhtamo/huhtamo_e.html) Feature Erkki HUHTAMO [Twenty Centuries of Virtual Reality](ic014/penny/penny_e.html) Feature Simon PENNY [The Shape of Cities in the Future: Gravity and Grace](ic014/gravity/gravity_e.html) InterCreation MATSUMOTO Yasuaki and TOWATA Masayuki [The Shape of Cities in the Future: Un sentiment infini de reconnaissance](ic014/faucon/faucon_e.html) InterCreation Bernard FAUCON [The Shape of Cities in the Future](ic014/tanaka/tanaka_e.html) InterCreation TANAKA Noriyuki ["LET THERE BE LIGHT"--A Scared Conversation with Bob O'KANE](ic014/volker/volker_e.html) InterCity Tokyo Volker GRASSMUCK --- **No.13** [The Shape of Cities in the Future: Molecular Engine](ic013/mikami/mikami_e.html) InterCreation MIKAMI Seiko [The Shape of Cities in the Future: Glass Vehicles](ic013/dono/dono_e.html) InterCreation Heri dono [The Shape of Cities in the Future: APPLICATION TOUR AUTUMN 1995](ic013/tachibana/tachibana_e.html) InterCreation TACHIBANA Hajime [The Shape of Cities in the Future: Armed Musician for An Embassy Without A Country](ic013/duran/duran_e.html) InterCreation Sergio DURAN --- **No.12** [Self, Gaze and Power in the Hypermedia Society](ic012/zadan/summary_e.html) Feature ASADA Akira, OSAWA Masachi, KARATANI Kojin and KUROSAKI Masao [The Shape of Cities in the Future: Liquid People, Los Angels & Liquid People, Madrid Real-time images of people looking into the interactive digital well "Liquid Views"](ic012/monika/honbun_e.html) InterCreation Monika FLEISCHMANN, Wolfgang STRAUSS, and Christian-A.BOHN [I am "OUT," therefore I am-Performance "S/N" by dumb type](ic012/dumb_type/summary_e.html) InterCity, Yokohama/Tokyo KUMAKURA Taka'aki [Sense-Abilities](ic012/sense_abi/summary_e.html) InterCity, Boston Karen AUDE ["Ninohashi Renga" -Inspiration Network: A Linked-Image Talk Session](ic012/renga/summary_e.html) Project ICC ANZAI Toshihiro, NAKAMURA Rieko, MIYAKE Naomi and ISHII Hiroshi --- **No.11** [The Shape of Cities in the Future: Lime Works](ic011/limeworks/limeworks_e.html) InterCreation HATAKEYAMA Naoya ![philip](image/image31.gif) 1994 **No.10** [Toward a Transparent Vision: Between Two Forms of the Image](ic010/itoh/itoh_e.html) Feature ITOH Toshiharu [Electronic Realism](ic010/realism/realism_e.html) Feature MATSUURA Hisaki [The Shape of Cities in the Future](ic010/ideal/ideal_e.html) InterCreation Ideal Copy [The Shape of Cities in the Future](ic010/holzer/holzer_e.html) InterCreation Jenny HOLZER --- **No.9** [The Shape of Cities in the Future](ic009/plants/plants_e.html) InterCreation Bulbous Plants [The Shape of Cities in the Future](ic009/sina/sina_e.html) InterCreation Miguel CHEVALIER and Adrien SINA --- **No.8** [The Shape of Cities in the Future](ic008/sekiguchi/sekiguchi_e.html) InterCreation SEKIGUCHI Atsuhito --- **No.7** [The Shape of Cities in the Future](ic007/phillip/phillip_e.html) InterCreation Nick PHILLIP ![](image/image31.gif) 1993 --- **No.6** --- **No.5** --- **No.4** [The Shape of Cities in the Future](ic004/mullican/mullican_e.html) InterCreation Matt MULLICAN **No.3** [Lost in Heaven](ic003/metaphisica/metaphisica_e.html) Feature HATTORI Katsura [The Shape of Cities in the Future](ic003/kitagawara/kitagawara_e.html) InterCreation KITAGAWARA Atsushi **No.2** [The Shape of Cities in the Future: 'S/N' Projects](ic002/dumbtype/dumbtype_e.html) InterCreation DUMB TYPE [The Shape of Cities in the Future: FLASH FLOOD/LAZY RIVER](ic002/ana/ana_e.html) InterCreation Ana BARRADO ![](image/image31.gif) 1992 **No.1** [The Shape of Cities in the Future: DIVINA COMEDIA](ic001/divina/divina_e.html) InterCreation TATSUMI Naohiro, TOWATA Masayuki, MATSUMOTO Yasuaki and TSUZUKI Tosaku [The Shape of Cities in the Future: The Legible City --aerial view of Amsterdam version 1990](ic001/shaw/shaw_e.html) InterCreation Jeffrey SHAW --- **No.0** [Frontiers of Communication](ic000/frontier/frontier_e.html) Feature ITOH Toshiharu, TAKEMURA Mitsuhiro and FUJIHATA Masaki [The Shape of Cities in the Future: The United Multicultural City States of the World](ic000/gunther/gunther_e.html) InterCreation Ingo GUNTHER [![](../image/GoTop2.gif)](#top) --- NTT Publishing Co., Ltd InterCommunication editorial office E-Mail: [ic@nttpub.co.jp](mailto:ic@nttpub.co.jp) ![](image/image31.gif)

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<html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage Express 2.0"> <title>Build a Simple Bat Detector</title> </head> <body background="background.gif"> <p align="center"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="1"><b>.<br> </b></font><font color="#0000A0" size="6"><b>Build a Simple Bat Detector<br> </b></font><font color="#FFFFFF" size="1"><b>.<br> </b></font><font color="#FF8000"><b>Tony Messina - Las Vegas, NV</b></font></p> <hr> <p>Ever since my grade school years I've been fascinated with the way a bat uses ultrasound to <i>"see"</i> in the dark. The bat's echolocation skills let it avoid small obstacles, and even catch insects, while in flight. I learned that bats are, ultrasonically speaking, very loud --- <img src="BatDetector.jpg" align="left" border="1" hspace="15" vspace="15" width="250" height="215">so loud, that some of them have special ear flaps that close when they generate an ultrasound pulse so they won't make themselves deaf. I thought something this loud should be easy to detect ! <br> <br> On retirement, I decided to undertake the development of field instruments for bat research. One of the first devices I designed used a simple and inexpensive circuit to make an ultra-portable, personal bat detector. A picture of my original prototype unit is shown at the left. It is small in size, lightweight, easy to build, and can cost as little as $25 in parts. It turned out to be an amazingly effective circuit so I dubbed it the <i>Simple Bat Detector. <br> <br> </i>I originally published the circuit for the <i>Simple Bat Detector</i> in 1997. Since then, I've received emails from all over the world, corresponding with many who have built the detector from the information published on this page. <br> <br> In 1998, I designed a circuit board for an enhanced version of the detector, and started making <a href="TheBatShop.html">kits</a> and <a href="TheBatShop.html">assembled detectors</a> available for those who had trouble finding parts, or were unable to assemble electronics. I've been thrilled by the many comments of folks who have used the <i>Simple Bat Detector</i> to hear a bats echo call for the very first time.... and have come to admire and respect the bat as I do. </p> <p>So far, the <i>Simple Bat Detector</i> has found its way to: <font color="#008000"><b><i>Australia, Belgium, Canada, the Canary Islands, the Cayman Islands, Costa Rica, England, Finland, France, Germany, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Poland, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Scotland, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and all over the United States.</i></b></font></p> <p> </p> <hr> <p align="center"><br> <font color="#FF8000" size="5"><b>How the </b><b><i>SIMPLE BAT DETECTOR</i></b><b> works...</b></font></p> <p>The <i>Simple Bat Detector</i> is a <i>frequency division</i> type device. Frequency division type detectors allow you to hear ultrasonic sound by digitally scaling the frequency down into the human hearing range. For instance, a western pipistrelle bat emits ultrasonic sound in the range <img src="BatDetSch.gif" align="right" hspace="20" vspace="10" width="431" height="320">of 53 to 91 kHz. If you divide that frequency by 16, the new frequency range is 3.3 to 5.7 kHz, easily within our hearing range. Because the division is done digitally, all <i>amplitude</i> information is lost. Ultrasonic sources processed by the detector convert to sounds like geiger-counter clicks and chirps. <br> <br> The basic circuit of the <i>Simple Bat Detector</i> is shown in the schematic diagram to the right. It is essentially composed of 3 integrated circuits, or ICs. The signal from an ultrasonic transducer is fed to IC-1, an LM386 audio amplifier, which is configured to provide a signal gain of 200. The signal is coupled to IC-2, a second LM386, by a .05 uf capacitor. IC-2 is configured to provide an additional gain of 20, for a total system gain of 4,000. The output of IC-2 is direct coupled to the input of IC-3, a 7 stage CMOS digital divider circuit. The input stage of the divider acts as a zero crossing detector, triggering on the negative transition of the signal from IC-2. The divide by 16 output is connected to a potentiometer, which serves as an audio level control. A high impedance ceramic earphone is connected to the output of the level control. The 10K level control is a small printed circuit pot that is set and forgotten. The detector circuit is powered by a nine volt battery. ( The numbers next to the IC nodes refer to the pin numbers of the IC's. Note the additional pins listed at the bottom of the schematic that need to be tied to ground. ) <br> <br> A major advantage of a <i>frequency division</i> detector is that it is a wide band device ... that means it will let you hear all detectable bat sounds without the need to <i>tune</i> the detector to any particular frequency. <i>Heterodyne detectors</i>, which process ultrasonic sound in the <i>analog</i> domain, only convert a small range of frequencies at any given time - you must select which frequencies to listen to. If you tune up around 60 kHz to listen for a pipistrelle, you may not hear the big brown bats flying nearby. The <i>frequency division</i> detector works in the <i>digital</i> domain, converting the full spectrum of sound that the transducer is able to detect. So you get to listen to all of the ultrasonic sounds around you, without missing anything due to unfortunate tuning choices. I feel this <i>no-knobs-needed</i> characteristic of the <i>frequency division</i> detector makes it a great choice for the casual bat observer, and student. </p> <hr> <p align="center"><br> <font color="#FF8000" size="5"><b>Building a </b><b><i>SIMPLE BAT DETECTOR</i></b><b>...</b></font></p> <p>Although I have designed a <a href="SBD2.html">circuit board</a> for an <a href="SBD2.html">enhanced version</a> of the <i>Simple Bat Detector</i>, it is important to note that the basic circuit shown above is very effective - and parts are available world-wide. Many have built the detector in the same manner as I did with my original prototype - on perf board - as shown to the left. If you don't <img src="PerfBoard.jpg" align="left" border="2" hspace="10" vspace="5" width="218" height="194"> <img src="PCBWiring.jpg" align="right" border="2" hspace="10" vspace="5" width="269" height="194"> want to use the perf-board technique, the circuit can always be assembled on the enhanced PCB - as shown to the right. The circuit assembly is then mounted inside the case with hot-melt glue. <br> <br> The ultrasonic transducer is simply mounted to the front panel by drilling 2 small holes for the transducer pins, and bending the pins over after inserting them through the panel. <br> <br> Keep all wire lengths short, as very high gains are being generated in IC-1 and IC-2. The picture on the right also shows a method for installing an external volume control, if you feel one is needed. The wiring of the <a href="JackWire.html">earphone jack</a> is also a little tricky, as it is doubling as the power switch ... so pay careful attention to the schematic above.</p> <p>In order to accomodate various transducers, you can easily tailor the gain of the two LM386 IC's. An additional resistor can be added in series with the 10uf tantalum capacitor to reduce the gain of IC-1. A resistor / capacitor combination can also be added between pins 1 and 8 of IC-2 to increase it's gain. In this way the total system gain can vary anywhere from 400 to 40,000. Be sure to keep the positive side of the capacitor towards pin #1 on the LM386. </p> <p align="left">If you have experience in electronics repair or assembly, you can usually build a <i>Simple Bat Detector</i> in a single evening. I will always try to have a supply of <a href="TheBatShop.html">circuit boards</a> and <a href="TheBatShop.html">components kits</a> on hand for the <i>Simple Bat Detector</i>, so if you have trouble finding parts - <a href="mailto:T-Rex@ix.netcom.com">email</a> me. Also, if you don't solder, don't despair, completely <a href="TheBatShop.html">assembled detectors</a> are also available! <br> <br> As far as bat detector cases go, you can use the enclosure on the <a href="BatDetectorParts.html">parts list</a>, or go creative ... This is an area where you can cut cost with a little imaginative engineering. Here are a couple of prime examples... <br> <img src="JarDetector.jpg" align="left" border="2" hspace="15" vspace="20" width="235" height="221"> <img src="FancyBat.jpg" align="right" border="2" hspace="10" vspace="10" width="160" height="260"> <br> To the left is a picture of a <i>Simple Bat Detector</i> that was cleverly designed by Hisafumi Tateno, in Japan, using a plastic jar as the case. A film container was employed as a battery holder. This design has the added benefit of letting you see what's inside, as well as listening to bats ! <br> <br> The picture to the right is a detector I built for Jackie, my spouse. Being married to a batty person like me, she deserved something <i>special</i>. I used an off-white enclosure, and added a cloisonné bat pin that I had found in a gift shop. <br> <br> I would be interested to get other pictures from <i>Simple Bat Detector</i> builders who have dared to be different. I could always set up a gallery of the most interesting designs!<br> <br> The instructions on this site have been made as complete as possible to allow anyone to build the detector, with whatever local resources that can be found. A <a href="BatDetectorParts.html">resource list</a> has been compiled with part numbers, component sources, and email contacts in several countries. The list is always changing based on information I get from <i>Simple Bat Detector</i> builders via email. If you construct a <i>Simple Bat Detector</i>, be sure to send me an <a href="mailto:T-Rex@ix.netcom.com">email</a> and let me know how it worked out for you. </p> <p align="center"> </p> <hr> <p align="center"><font color="#FF0000"><b>Updates on the </b><b><i>Simple Bat Detector </i></b><b>...</b></font></p> <p align="center"><img src="LilBat4.gif" hspace="15" width="43" height="26"> How does the <i>Simple Bat Detector</i> do in the field ? Here are the <a href="BatDetectorRpts.html">Field Reports</a>. <img src="LilBat12.gif" hspace="15" width="43" height="26"> <br> <img src="LilBat2.gif" hspace="15" width="43" height="26"> Here's a bat call recorded with a <i>Simple Bat Detector</i> ... <a href="BatCall1.wav">BatCall1.wav (64KB)</a>. <img src="LilBat2.gif" hspace="15" width="43" height="26"> <br> <br> </p> <hr> <p align="center"><font color="#FF0000"><b>Where to find more information about Bats: </b></font></p> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.batcon.org/index.html">Bat Conservation International</a>, is an excellent resource for information about bats. </li> <li><a href="http://batbox.org/">The Buzbee Bat House Temperature Plot</a>, is a great starting point for bat information and links.</li> <li><a href="http://home.paclink.com/~davem/data/dgroups/bats/"><font color="#0000FF">Dave Miller's Bat House Discussion Group</font></a><font color="#400040">, is a good place to share ideas and information on Bat Houses.</font></li> <li><font color="#400040">Frank Pliquett has some interesting web pages on </font><a href="http://www.zwergfledermaus.de/index_e.html"><font color="#0000FF">bats around Kiel, Germany</font></a><font color="#400040"> ( he makes </font><a href="http://www.zwergfledermaus.de/empfaenger/empfaenger_e.htm"><font color="#0000FF">bat detectors</font></a><font color="#400040">, too :-)</font></li> </ul> <hr> <p align="center"><font color="#FF0000"><b>Other Websites on Building Bat Detectors: </b></font></p> <ul> <li><a href="http://home.zonnet.nl/bertrik/bat/bat_indx.htm">Bertrik Sikken</a> has lots of technical information on various bat detector circuit designs - recommended reading !</li> </ul> <hr> <p align="center">Tony Messina - Las Vegas, Nevada - email: <a href="mailto:T-Rex@ix.netcom.com">T-Rex@ix.netcom.com</a> </p> <p align="center">First published September, 1997 - Last update: May 24th, 2002 </p> </body> </html>

Build a Simple Bat Detector **.****Build a Simple Bat Detector****.****Tony Messina - Las Vegas, NV** --- Ever since my grade school years I've been fascinated with the way a bat uses ultrasound to *"see"* in the dark. The bat's echolocation skills let it avoid small obstacles, and even catch insects, while in flight. I learned that bats are, ultrasonically speaking, very loud --- ![](BatDetector.jpg)so loud, that some of them have special ear flaps that close when they generate an ultrasound pulse so they won't make themselves deaf. I thought something this loud should be easy to detect ! On retirement, I decided to undertake the development of field instruments for bat research. One of the first devices I designed used a simple and inexpensive circuit to make an ultra-portable, personal bat detector. A picture of my original prototype unit is shown at the left. It is small in size, lightweight, easy to build, and can cost as little as $25 in parts. It turned out to be an amazingly effective circuit so I dubbed it the *Simple Bat Detector.*I originally published the circuit for the *Simple Bat Detector* in 1997. Since then, I've received emails from all over the world, corresponding with many who have built the detector from the information published on this page. In 1998, I designed a circuit board for an enhanced version of the detector, and started making [kits](TheBatShop.html) and [assembled detectors](TheBatShop.html) available for those who had trouble finding parts, or were unable to assemble electronics. I've been thrilled by the many comments of folks who have used the *Simple Bat Detector* to hear a bats echo call for the very first time.... and have come to admire and respect the bat as I do. So far, the *Simple Bat Detector* has found its way to: ***Australia, Belgium, Canada, the Canary Islands, the Cayman Islands, Costa Rica, England, Finland, France, Germany, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Poland, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Scotland, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and all over the United States.*** --- **How the** ***SIMPLE BAT DETECTOR*** **works...** The *Simple Bat Detector* is a *frequency division* type device. Frequency division type detectors allow you to hear ultrasonic sound by digitally scaling the frequency down into the human hearing range. For instance, a western pipistrelle bat emits ultrasonic sound in the range ![](BatDetSch.gif)of 53 to 91 kHz. If you divide that frequency by 16, the new frequency range is 3.3 to 5.7 kHz, easily within our hearing range. Because the division is done digitally, all *amplitude* information is lost. Ultrasonic sources processed by the detector convert to sounds like geiger-counter clicks and chirps. The basic circuit of the *Simple Bat Detector* is shown in the schematic diagram to the right. It is essentially composed of 3 integrated circuits, or ICs. The signal from an ultrasonic transducer is fed to IC-1, an LM386 audio amplifier, which is configured to provide a signal gain of 200. The signal is coupled to IC-2, a second LM386, by a .05 uf capacitor. IC-2 is configured to provide an additional gain of 20, for a total system gain of 4,000. The output of IC-2 is direct coupled to the input of IC-3, a 7 stage CMOS digital divider circuit. The input stage of the divider acts as a zero crossing detector, triggering on the negative transition of the signal from IC-2. The divide by 16 output is connected to a potentiometer, which serves as an audio level control. A high impedance ceramic earphone is connected to the output of the level control. The 10K level control is a small printed circuit pot that is set and forgotten. The detector circuit is powered by a nine volt battery. ( The numbers next to the IC nodes refer to the pin numbers of the IC's. Note the additional pins listed at the bottom of the schematic that need to be tied to ground. ) A major advantage of a *frequency division* detector is that it is a wide band device ... that means it will let you hear all detectable bat sounds without the need to *tune* the detector to any particular frequency. *Heterodyne detectors*, which process ultrasonic sound in the *analog* domain, only convert a small range of frequencies at any given time - you must select which frequencies to listen to. If you tune up around 60 kHz to listen for a pipistrelle, you may not hear the big brown bats flying nearby. The *frequency division* detector works in the *digital* domain, converting the full spectrum of sound that the transducer is able to detect. So you get to listen to all of the ultrasonic sounds around you, without missing anything due to unfortunate tuning choices. I feel this *no-knobs-needed* characteristic of the *frequency division* detector makes it a great choice for the casual bat observer, and student. --- **Building a** ***SIMPLE BAT DETECTOR*****...** Although I have designed a [circuit board](SBD2.html) for an [enhanced version](SBD2.html) of the *Simple Bat Detector*, it is important to note that the basic circuit shown above is very effective - and parts are available world-wide. Many have built the detector in the same manner as I did with my original prototype - on perf board - as shown to the left. If you don't ![](PerfBoard.jpg) ![](PCBWiring.jpg) want to use the perf-board technique, the circuit can always be assembled on the enhanced PCB - as shown to the right. The circuit assembly is then mounted inside the case with hot-melt glue. The ultrasonic transducer is simply mounted to the front panel by drilling 2 small holes for the transducer pins, and bending the pins over after inserting them through the panel. Keep all wire lengths short, as very high gains are being generated in IC-1 and IC-2. The picture on the right also shows a method for installing an external volume control, if you feel one is needed. The wiring of the [earphone jack](JackWire.html) is also a little tricky, as it is doubling as the power switch ... so pay careful attention to the schematic above. In order to accomodate various transducers, you can easily tailor the gain of the two LM386 IC's. An additional resistor can be added in series with the 10uf tantalum capacitor to reduce the gain of IC-1. A resistor / capacitor combination can also be added between pins 1 and 8 of IC-2 to increase it's gain. In this way the total system gain can vary anywhere from 400 to 40,000. Be sure to keep the positive side of the capacitor towards pin #1 on the LM386. If you have experience in electronics repair or assembly, you can usually build a *Simple Bat Detector* in a single evening. I will always try to have a supply of [circuit boards](TheBatShop.html) and [components kits](TheBatShop.html) on hand for the *Simple Bat Detector*, so if you have trouble finding parts - [email](mailto:T-Rex@ix.netcom.com) me. Also, if you don't solder, don't despair, completely [assembled detectors](TheBatShop.html) are also available! As far as bat detector cases go, you can use the enclosure on the [parts list](BatDetectorParts.html), or go creative ... This is an area where you can cut cost with a little imaginative engineering. Here are a couple of prime examples... ![](JarDetector.jpg) ![](FancyBat.jpg) To the left is a picture of a *Simple Bat Detector* that was cleverly designed by Hisafumi Tateno, in Japan, using a plastic jar as the case. A film container was employed as a battery holder. This design has the added benefit of letting you see what's inside, as well as listening to bats ! The picture to the right is a detector I built for Jackie, my spouse. Being married to a batty person like me, she deserved something *special*. I used an off-white enclosure, and added a cloisonné bat pin that I had found in a gift shop. I would be interested to get other pictures from *Simple Bat Detector* builders who have dared to be different. I could always set up a gallery of the most interesting designs! The instructions on this site have been made as complete as possible to allow anyone to build the detector, with whatever local resources that can be found. A [resource list](BatDetectorParts.html) has been compiled with part numbers, component sources, and email contacts in several countries. The list is always changing based on information I get from *Simple Bat Detector* builders via email. If you construct a *Simple Bat Detector*, be sure to send me an [email](mailto:T-Rex@ix.netcom.com) and let me know how it worked out for you. --- **Updates on the** ***Simple Bat Detector*** **...** ![](LilBat4.gif) How does the *Simple Bat Detector* do in the field ? Here are the [Field Reports](BatDetectorRpts.html). ![](LilBat12.gif) ![](LilBat2.gif) Here's a bat call recorded with a *Simple Bat Detector* ... [BatCall1.wav (64KB)](BatCall1.wav). ![](LilBat2.gif) --- **Where to find more information about Bats:** * [Bat Conservation International](http://www.batcon.org/index.html), is an excellent resource for information about bats. * [The Buzbee Bat House Temperature Plot](http://batbox.org/), is a great starting point for bat information and links. * [Dave Miller's Bat House Discussion Group](http://home.paclink.com/~davem/data/dgroups/bats/), is a good place to share ideas and information on Bat Houses. * Frank Pliquett has some interesting web pages on [bats around Kiel, Germany](http://www.zwergfledermaus.de/index_e.html) ( he makes [bat detectors](http://www.zwergfledermaus.de/empfaenger/empfaenger_e.htm), too :-) --- **Other Websites on Building Bat Detectors:** * [Bertrik Sikken](http://home.zonnet.nl/bertrik/bat/bat_indx.htm) has lots of technical information on various bat detector circuit designs - recommended reading ! --- Tony Messina - Las Vegas, Nevada - email: [T-Rex@ix.netcom.com](mailto:T-Rex@ix.netcom.com) First published September, 1997 - Last update: May 24th, 2002

https://pe2bz.philpem.me.uk/Misc/-%20Animals/-%20Bat/D-203-SimpleBatDetector/BatDetector.html

<HTML xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"> <HEAD> <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=windows-1252"> <META NAME="Generator" CONTENT="Microsoft FrontPage 5.0"> <TITLE>Stanley Steamer -- Technical Information</TITLE> <META NAME="Template" CONTENT="C:\MSOffice\Office\HTML.DOT"> <link rel="File-List" href="GeneralTechnical_files/filelist.xml"> <link rel="icon" href="favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon">  </HEAD> <BODY LINK="#0000FF" VLINK="#800080" BACKGROUND="images/BackgroundInfo.jpg"> <B><FONT FACE="Arial"> <P align="center"><FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=6 COLOR="#000080"><U><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=891 height=149 src="GeneralTechnical_files/image001.gif" alt="The Stanley Steamer - Why The Fascination" v:shapes="_x0000_s1025"><![endif]></U></FONT></P> </FONT> <FONT FACE="Arial" COLOR="#000080"> <P style="margin-left: 50; margin-right: 50">Interested in some of the technical details regarding the Stanley Steamer for the layman?  The following is a computer scan of the two center pages from a Stanley Motor Carriage Company sales brochure detailing the specifications for the Model 735, 7-passenger touring car.</P> <P align="center"> <img border="3" src="images/M735Specifications.jpg" width="700" height="791"></P> <I><FONT SIZE=7 COLOR="#000080"> <blockquote> <P ALIGN="left">"Power, </P> </FONT><FONT SIZE=6 COLOR="#000080"> <blockquote> <P ALIGN="left">Correctly generated, </P> <blockquote> <P ALIGN="left">Correctly controlled, </P> <blockquote> <P ALIGN="left">Correctly applied to the rear axle."</P> </blockquote> </blockquote> </blockquote> </blockquote> </FONT> </I><P>This slogan appeared in many of the ads for Stanley Motor Carriages. It truly represents the design philosophy that the Stanley twins applied to their cars. Steam cars unitize an external combustion (Rankine cycle) engine where the fuel source is consumed external to the engine. A steam boiler generates vast quantities of power for later use on demand unlike the internal combustion (Otto cycle) engine that must develop the needed power on demand. A Stanley steam engine provides four power impulses per crankshaft rotation similar to an 8-cylinder internal combustion engine. However, the power is applied uniformly for a longer length of the stroke than the hammer-like explosions common to gasoline or diesel engines. This provides the steam engine an advantage of more torque in a smaller package over what can be generated with a gasoline engine of equivalent rating.</P> <P> <img border="2" src="images/735Engine.jpg" align="right" width="350" height="233">Early Stanleys were fueled with gasoline but later models incorporated a two-fuel system of gasoline for the pilot and kerosene for the main burner. Kerosene, provided not only more heat energy per unit than gasoline, it was also safer and less expensive. Both the Stanley pilot that operates continuously as well as the main burner which operates on steam demand is based on the simple principles of the Bunsen Burner. In the Stanley the heat of the fire vaporizes the liquid fuel before the fuel vapor is fed through an orifice, mixed with air, and burned below the boiler. To start a Stanley a torch is used to preheat the vaporizing tube and light the pilot making the Stanley Steamer one of the few cars difficult to steal in anything less than 20 minutes. Fuel efficiency was roughly 10-12 miles to the gallon. </P> <P>Stanley steamers generate steam in drum shaped boilers ranging from 14" to 30" in diameter and from 14" to 18" in height. Similar to a battery the Stanley boiler stores steam energy for later use on demand. Unique in their design, no Stanley boiler has ever been documented to explode. The circular boiler walls are strengthened with three layers of exceptionally strong piano wire to provide sidewall strength unequalled in boiler designs for similar ratings. The use of between 500 and 1,000 fire tubes not only efficiently transfers heat to the water, they provide a structural strength to the boiler ends. Operated nominally at 600 PSIG, boilers were factory tested to twice operating pressure before being placed in a car.</P> <P> <img border="2" src="images/735Boiler.jpg" align="left" width="350" height="280">Once generated, steam is released from the boiler through a driver controlled throttling valve. The steam is routed to the engine after making a final pass through the burner fire to absorb 150-degrees or so of additional superheat energy. Upon reaching the engine the steam is directed through D slide valves to one of the double-acting, dual cylinders. Stanley Motor Carriages, while rated in boiler steaming capacities of 10, 20, and 30 horsepower, had engines capable of developing 100 horsepower and more for short periods of time. The engine was mounted to the rear drive axle at a nominal 1.5:1 gear ratio between the crankshaft and the differential gear. Transmissions were not required and hence there was no "neutral" or clutch.</P> <P>Using ball-bearing construction throughout, the Stanley car was capable of speeds in excess of 75 MPH for short periods of time if one could locate a dirt road of the period suitable for the exercise. Exhaust steam from the engine is first used to preheat the water supply to the boiler further improving operating efficiency. On early cars the spent steam exited the rear of the car along with the combustion products of the burner. For later cars a standard automotive radiator served as a condenser returning the steam to liquid and eventual reuse in the boiler. Non-condensing cars required about a gallon of water per mile or two but later condensing cars greatly improved this efficiency to the neighborhood 10 miles per water gallon.</P> <P>It has been said that in order to drive a Stanley one first need learn to drive without watching the road! Two pumps for water, a pump for burner fuel, and a pump for engine lubricating oil were driven directly from the engines on early cars or from the rear axle of later cars. A steam automatic throttled the burner on and off to meet steam demand based on driving conditions. The need to manually control the water level in the boiler of early Stanley steamers was improved with the addition of the water automatic which fully automated water management. Safety devices such as low water burner shutdowns and pressure relief valves were standard fare on all cars. The need to monitor fuels, water, steam, and lubrication brought a number of valves and gauges to the dash and under the coffin-nosed hoods of the earlier cars. This resulted in an impressive display for the passenger but required the driver to be a part-time engineer.<img border="2" src="images/735Dash.jpg" align="right" width="350" height="226"></P> <P>Early Stanleys were all wooden construction followed later by more streamline styles of steel frames and aluminum bodies. Early kerosene lamps gave way to intensely bright acetylene headlamps and eventually electric lighting. The Stanley twins fascination for speed insured that the earliest models included racers and roadsters while later production centered on touring cars and their unique Mountain Wagon that was both a bus and a truck. A Stanley car set a land speed record of 127 MPH in 1906 and the following year one was clocked at nearly 150 MPH before it crashed near Daytona Beach.</P> <P>In its time the Stanley was truly an impressive and prestigious automobile. When the Stanley twins could no longer race their cars interest in improving the product declined. Their self-imposed production limits of 1000 cars per year further hindered wide availability. In later years the Stanleys developed heavier cars but without increased horsepower soon putting them at a driving disadvantage as well. Today, the many Stanleys, handful of Whites, and few Dobles, Lanes, and others are all that remains of a technology that had different choices been made, might have relegated the internal combustion engine to today's collectors and museums.</P> <hr color="#000080" width="75%" size="5"> <P style="margin-left: 50; margin-right: 50">The first four of the following five links are intended to provide a "lite" technical introduction to the Stanley Steamer for the novice.  Each link takes you to a drawing that was provided in the original Instruction Manual that came with a Model 735 Stanley.  These drawings have been excerpted and provided with a layman's operational description of the major components shown in the drawing.  Included in the descriptions are various technical facts related to the design and operation of the Stanley.  The fifth link, the piping diagram, is a non-Stanley color drawing detailing the various fuel, oil, and water systems on a typical Stanley steam car.  The links are in Adobe Acrobat Portable Data Format (PDF) and you will need Adobe Acrobat 4.0 or greater in which to review the information.</P> </FONT> </B> <blockquote> <blockquote> <P><B> <FONT FACE="Arial" COLOR="#000080"> <a style="text-decoration: none" target="_blank" href="images/DriverControls.pdf"> <font color="#0000CC">The Model 735 Dashboard</font></a></FONT><FONT FACE="Arial" COLOR="#0000CC"> </FONT><FONT FACE="Arial" COLOR="#000080">-- shows the various driver controls and what they do</P> </FONT> </B><P><B> <FONT FACE="Arial" COLOR="#000080"> <a style="text-decoration: none" target="_blank" href="images/Engine.pdf"> <font color="#0000CC">The Stanley Engine</font></a></FONT><FONT FACE="Arial" COLOR="#0000CC"> </FONT><FONT FACE="Arial" COLOR="#000080">-- describes some of the technical facts of the engine and its accessories</P> </FONT> </B><P><B> <FONT FACE="Arial" COLOR="#000080"> <a style="text-decoration: none" target="_blank" href="images/BoilerRight.pdf"> <font color="#0000CC">Under the Right Hood</font></a></FONT><FONT FACE="Arial" COLOR="#0000CC"> </FONT><FONT FACE="Arial" COLOR="#000080">-- a look at the automatics and plumbing at the right side of the boiler</P> </FONT> </B><P><B> <FONT FACE="Arial" COLOR="#000080"> <a style="text-decoration: none" target="_blank" href="images/BoilerLeft.pdf"> <font color="#0000CC">Under the Left Hood</font></a></FONT><FONT FACE="Arial" COLOR="#0000CC"> </FONT><FONT FACE="Arial" COLOR="#000080">-- a look at throttle, steam automatic, and water indication</FONT></B></P> <P><B> <FONT FACE="Arial" COLOR="#0000CC"> <a style="text-decoration: none" target="_blank" href="images/735PipingDiagram.pdf"> <font color="#0000CC">Model 735 Piping Diagram</font></a> </FONT><FONT FACE="Arial" COLOR="#000080"> -- a look at the water, steam, fuel, and oil systems involved in the operation of a Stanley Motor Carriage <font size="2"><br>                 (you'll have to rotate the image to the right on the PDF viewer after downloading)</font></P> </blockquote> </blockquote> <P style="margin-left: 50; margin-right: 50">If you'd like a more in-depth discussion of each component of a Stanley, please visit the <FONT FACE="Arial" COLOR="#008000"> <a title="Click this link to read detailed descriptions about all the parts that make up a Stanley" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: 700; font-style: italic" href="../Parts/Instructions.htm"> <font color="#0000CC">Descriptions Of The Parts Making Up A Stanley</font></a></FONT></FONT><FONT FACE="Arial"><FONT FACE="Arial" COLOR="#000080"> section of this web site.  Here you will find highly technical discussions regarding every component of a typical Stanley Model 735.</FONT></FONT></P> <FONT FACE="Arial" COLOR="#000080"> <P style="margin-left: 50; margin-right: 50">In the course of their lives the Stanley Twins were awarded numerous patents not only related to their steam car but also the air brush and even a self-propelled interurban railroad coach powered by Stanley steam engines.  For an Adobe Acrobat Portable Data Format (PDF) listing of the many patents that the Stanley Twins were associated with, click the following link;</P> <P align="center"> <a target="_blank" href="StanleyPatentData.pdf" style="text-decoration: none"> <font color="#0000CC" size="4">Patents of FE & FO Stanley</font></a></P> </FONT> <P style="margin-left: 50; margin-right: 50"> </P> <FONT FACE="Arial" COLOR="#000080"> <P ALIGN="CENTER">Have questions or comments?  Please email me</P> <P ALIGN="CENTER"> <a target="_blank" href="../Contact/Contact%20The%20Site%20Owner.htm"> <img border="0" src="images/email.gif" width="141" height="85"></a></P> </FONT> </B> <p align="center"><font face="Arial"> <span style="text-transform: uppercase"><b><font size="4" color="#CC0000">BACK</font></b></span> <a href="javascript:history.back()"> <img border="0" src="images/arrow_left.gif" alt="Go back" width="50" height="21"></a>    <a href="http://www.stanleymotorcarriage.com"><img border="0" src="images/homerotational.gif" width="100" height="29"></a>  <a href="javascript:history.forward()"><img border="0" src="images/arrow_right.gif" alt="Go forward" width="50" height="21"></a> <font color="#CC0000"> <b><font size="4">FORWARD</font></b></font></font></p> <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2"> <a target="_blank" href="http://www.stanleymotorcarriage.com" style="text-decoration: none; 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Stanley Steamer -- Technical Information **if !vml![The Stanley Steamer - Why The Fascination](GeneralTechnical_files/image001.gif)endif Interested in some of the technical details regarding the Stanley Steamer for the layman? The following is a computer scan of the two center pages from a Stanley Motor Carriage Company sales brochure detailing the specifications for the Model 735, 7-passenger touring car. ![](images/M735Specifications.jpg) *> > "Power, > > > > > Correctly generated, > > > > > > > Correctly controlled, > > > > > > > > > > > > Correctly applied to the rear axle." > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >*This slogan appeared in many of the ads for Stanley Motor Carriages. It truly represents the design philosophy that the Stanley twins applied to their cars. Steam cars unitize an external combustion (Rankine cycle) engine where the fuel source is consumed external to the engine. A steam boiler generates vast quantities of power for later use on demand unlike the internal combustion (Otto cycle) engine that must develop the needed power on demand. A Stanley steam engine provides four power impulses per crankshaft rotation similar to an 8-cylinder internal combustion engine. However, the power is applied uniformly for a longer length of the stroke than the hammer-like explosions common to gasoline or diesel engines. This provides the steam engine an advantage of more torque in a smaller package over what can be generated with a gasoline engine of equivalent rating. ![](images/735Engine.jpg)Early Stanleys were fueled with gasoline but later models incorporated a two-fuel system of gasoline for the pilot and kerosene for the main burner. Kerosene, provided not only more heat energy per unit than gasoline, it was also safer and less expensive. Both the Stanley pilot that operates continuously as well as the main burner which operates on steam demand is based on the simple principles of the Bunsen Burner. In the Stanley the heat of the fire vaporizes the liquid fuel before the fuel vapor is fed through an orifice, mixed with air, and burned below the boiler. To start a Stanley a torch is used to preheat the vaporizing tube and light the pilot making the Stanley Steamer one of the few cars difficult to steal in anything less than 20 minutes. Fuel efficiency was roughly 10-12 miles to the gallon. Stanley steamers generate steam in drum shaped boilers ranging from 14" to 30" in diameter and from 14" to 18" in height. Similar to a battery the Stanley boiler stores steam energy for later use on demand. Unique in their design, no Stanley boiler has ever been documented to explode. The circular boiler walls are strengthened with three layers of exceptionally strong piano wire to provide sidewall strength unequalled in boiler designs for similar ratings. The use of between 500 and 1,000 fire tubes not only efficiently transfers heat to the water, they provide a structural strength to the boiler ends. Operated nominally at 600 PSIG, boilers were factory tested to twice operating pressure before being placed in a car. ![](images/735Boiler.jpg)Once generated, steam is released from the boiler through a driver controlled throttling valve. The steam is routed to the engine after making a final pass through the burner fire to absorb 150-degrees or so of additional superheat energy. Upon reaching the engine the steam is directed through D slide valves to one of the double-acting, dual cylinders. Stanley Motor Carriages, while rated in boiler steaming capacities of 10, 20, and 30 horsepower, had engines capable of developing 100 horsepower and more for short periods of time. The engine was mounted to the rear drive axle at a nominal 1.5:1 gear ratio between the crankshaft and the differential gear. Transmissions were not required and hence there was no "neutral" or clutch. Using ball-bearing construction throughout, the Stanley car was capable of speeds in excess of 75 MPH for short periods of time if one could locate a dirt road of the period suitable for the exercise. Exhaust steam from the engine is first used to preheat the water supply to the boiler further improving operating efficiency. On early cars the spent steam exited the rear of the car along with the combustion products of the burner. For later cars a standard automotive radiator served as a condenser returning the steam to liquid and eventual reuse in the boiler. Non-condensing cars required about a gallon of water per mile or two but later condensing cars greatly improved this efficiency to the neighborhood 10 miles per water gallon. It has been said that in order to drive a Stanley one first need learn to drive without watching the road! Two pumps for water, a pump for burner fuel, and a pump for engine lubricating oil were driven directly from the engines on early cars or from the rear axle of later cars. A steam automatic throttled the burner on and off to meet steam demand based on driving conditions. The need to manually control the water level in the boiler of early Stanley steamers was improved with the addition of the water automatic which fully automated water management. Safety devices such as low water burner shutdowns and pressure relief valves were standard fare on all cars. The need to monitor fuels, water, steam, and lubrication brought a number of valves and gauges to the dash and under the coffin-nosed hoods of the earlier cars. This resulted in an impressive display for the passenger but required the driver to be a part-time engineer.![](images/735Dash.jpg) Early Stanleys were all wooden construction followed later by more streamline styles of steel frames and aluminum bodies. Early kerosene lamps gave way to intensely bright acetylene headlamps and eventually electric lighting. The Stanley twins fascination for speed insured that the earliest models included racers and roadsters while later production centered on touring cars and their unique Mountain Wagon that was both a bus and a truck. A Stanley car set a land speed record of 127 MPH in 1906 and the following year one was clocked at nearly 150 MPH before it crashed near Daytona Beach. In its time the Stanley was truly an impressive and prestigious automobile. When the Stanley twins could no longer race their cars interest in improving the product declined. Their self-imposed production limits of 1000 cars per year further hindered wide availability. In later years the Stanleys developed heavier cars but without increased horsepower soon putting them at a driving disadvantage as well. Today, the many Stanleys, handful of Whites, and few Dobles, Lanes, and others are all that remains of a technology that had different choices been made, might have relegated the internal combustion engine to today's collectors and museums. --- The first four of the following five links are intended to provide a "lite" technical introduction to the Stanley Steamer for the novice. Each link takes you to a drawing that was provided in the original Instruction Manual that came with a Model 735 Stanley. These drawings have been excerpted and provided with a layman's operational description of the major components shown in the drawing. Included in the descriptions are various technical facts related to the design and operation of the Stanley. The fifth link, the piping diagram, is a non-Stanley color drawing detailing the various fuel, oil, and water systems on a typical Stanley steam car. The links are in Adobe Acrobat Portable Data Format (PDF) and you will need Adobe Acrobat 4.0 or greater in which to review the information.** > > > > > > **[The Model 735 Dashboard](images/DriverControls.pdf) -- > > shows the various driver controls and what they do** > > > > > > > > **[The Stanley Engine](images/Engine.pdf) -- > > describes some of the technical facts of the engine and its accessories** > > > > > > > > **[Under the Right Hood](images/BoilerRight.pdf) -- a > > look at the automatics and plumbing at the right side of the boiler** > > > > > > > > **[Under the Left Hood](images/BoilerLeft.pdf) -- a > > look at throttle, steam automatic, and water indication** > > > > > > **[Model 735 Piping Diagram](images/735PipingDiagram.pdf) > > -- a look at the water, steam, fuel, and oil systems involved in the > > operation of a Stanley Motor Carriage > > > > > > (you'll have to rotate the image to the right on the PDF viewer after > > downloading)** > > > > > > > > > If you'd like a more in-depth discussion of each component of a Stanley, please visit the [Descriptions Of The Parts Making Up A Stanley](../Parts/Instructions.htm "Click this link to read detailed descriptions about all the parts that make up a Stanley") section of this web site. Here you will find highly technical discussions regarding every component of a typical Stanley Model 735. In the course of their lives the Stanley Twins were awarded numerous patents not only related to their steam car but also the air brush and even a self-propelled interurban railroad coach powered by Stanley steam engines. For an Adobe Acrobat Portable Data Format (PDF) listing of the many patents that the Stanley Twins were associated with, click the following link; [Patents of FE & FO Stanley](StanleyPatentData.pdf) Have questions or comments? Please email me [![](images/email.gif)](../Contact/Contact%20The%20Site%20Owner.htm) **BACK** [![Go back](images/arrow_left.gif)](javascript:history.back()) [![](images/homerotational.gif)](http://www.stanleymotorcarriage.com) [![Go forward](images/arrow_right.gif)](javascript:history.forward()) **FORWARD** [© 2003-2012 www.StanleyMotorCarriage.com](http://www.stanleymotorcarriage.com)

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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <title>Nebraska's Fatal Airplane Crashes of WWII</title> </head> <html> <body> <p align=center> <body background="images/gibackground2.jpg"> <img src="images/topbg.jpg" style="border:3px solid white"> <br><p align=center> <marquee direction=right loop=1> <img src="images/b17animate.gif" width=200 height=100> </marquee> <p align=center> <table border=5 cellspacing=5 cellpadding=10> <td> <a href="http://www.nebraskaaircrash.com/main.html"><center><font face=arial><font size=4><b> <font color=black><b>ENTER</b><br> </a></td> </table> <br><p align=center><br><p align=center><br><p align=center><br><p align=center><br> <embed src="http://www.nebraskaaircrash.com/images/b171.wav" loop="false" autoplay="true" width=0 height=0></embed> </body> </html>

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<html> <head> <title>Street Fighter Galleries</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/style.css" type="text/css"> <link REL="SHORTCUT ICON" HREF="http://www.sfgalleries.net/favicon.ico"> <script language="JavaScript1.2"> /* Highlight Table Cells Script- Last updated: 99/01/21 © Dynamic Drive (www.dynamicdrive.com) For full source code, installation instructions, 100's more DHTML scripts, and Terms Of Use, visit dynamicdrive.com */ function changeto(highlightcolor){ source=event.srcElement if (source.tagName=="TR"||source.tagName=="TABLE") return while(source.tagName!="TD") source=source.parentElement if (source.style.backgroundColor!=highlightcolor&&source.id!="ignore") source.style.backgroundColor=highlightcolor } function changeback(originalcolor){ if (event.fromElement.contains(event.toElement)||source.contains(event.toElement)||source.id=="ignore") return if (event.toElement!=source) source.style.backgroundColor=originalcolor } </script> </head> <body TOPMARGIN="0"> <center> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=752 align=center class="site"> <tr> <td colspan=2 align=center valign=center bgcolor="#550000"> <a href="/"><img src="/includes/SFG-logo.jpg" border=0></a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="test" valign=top width=127> <table width=127 cellSpacing="1" cellPadding="0" class="site" valign=top bgcolor="#550000"> <tr> <td><img src="/sitepics/logo-sf.png" width=100%></td> </tr> <tr> <a href="/art/sf/"> <td nowrap="nowrap" class="table" onMouseover="changeto('#0a0a0a')" onMouseout="changeback('#000000')"> <a href="/art/sf/">Street Fighter</a></td></a> </tr> <tr> <a href="/art/sf2/"> <td nowrap="nowrap" class="table" onMouseover="changeto('#0a0a0a')" onMouseout="changeback('#000000')"> <a href="/art/sf2/">Street Fighter II</a></td></a> </tr> <tr> <a href="/art/sf3/"> <td nowrap="nowrap" class="table" onMouseover="changeto('#0a0a0a')" onMouseout="changeback('#000000')"> <a href="/art/sf3/">Street Fighter III</a></td></a> </tr> <tr> <a href="/art/sf4/"> <td nowrap="nowrap" class="table" onMouseover="changeto('#0a0a0a')" onMouseout="changeback('#000000')"> <a href="/art/sf4/">Street Fighter IV</a></td></a> </tr> <tr> <a href="/art/sf5/"> <td nowrap="nowrap" class="table" onMouseover="changeto('#0a0a0a')" onMouseout="changeback('#000000')"> <a href="/art/sf5/">Street Fighter V</a></td></a> </tr> <tr> <a href="/art/sf6/"> <td nowrap="nowrap" class="table" onMouseover="changeto('#0a0a0a')" onMouseout="changeback('#000000')"> <a href="/art/sf6/">Street Fighter VI</a></td></a> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="/sitepics/logo-sfa-z.png" width=100%></td> </tr> <tr> <a href="/art/sfa/"> <td nowrap="nowrap" class="table" onMouseover="changeto('#0a0a0a')" onMouseout="changeback('#000000')"> <a href="/art/sfa/">Street Fighter Zero</a></td></a> </tr> <tr> <a href="/art/sfa2/"> <td nowrap="nowrap" class="table" onMouseover="changeto('#0a0a0a')" onMouseout="changeback('#000000')"> <a href="/art/sfa2/">Street Fighter Zero 2</a></td></a> </tr> <tr> <a href="/art/sfa3/"> <td nowrap="nowrap" class="table" onMouseover="changeto('#0a0a0a')" onMouseout="changeback('#000000')"> <a href="/art/sfa3/">Street Fighter Zero 3</a></td></a> </tr> <tr> <a href="/art/sfalphamovie/"> <td nowrap="nowrap" class="table" onMouseover="changeto('#0a0a0a')" onMouseout="changeback('#000000')"> <a href="/art/sfalphamovie/">Zero Anime</a></a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="/sitepics/logo-sfex1.jpg" width=100%></td> </tr> <tr> <a href="/art/sfex/"> <td nowrap="nowrap" class="table" onMouseover="changeto('#0a0a0a')" onMouseout="changeback('#000000')"> <a href="/art/sfex/">Street Fighter EX</a></td></a> </tr> <tr> <a href="/art/sfex2/"> <td nowrap="nowrap" class="table" onMouseover="changeto('#0a0a0a')" onMouseout="changeback('#000000')"> <a href="/art/sfex2/">Street Fighter EX2</a></td></a> </tr> <tr> <a href="/art/sfex3/"> <td nowrap="nowrap" class="table" onMouseover="changeto('#0a0a0a')" onMouseout="changeback('#000000')"> <a href="/art/sfex3/">Street Fighter EX3</a></td></a> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="/sitepics/vs.jpg" width=100%></td> </tr> <tr> <a href="/art/marvel/"> <td nowrap="nowrap" class="table" onMouseover="changeto('#0a0a0a')" onMouseout="changeback('#000000')"> <a href="/art/marvel/">Marvel VS Games</a></td></a> </tr> <tr> <a href="/art/snk/"> <td nowrap="nowrap" class="table" onMouseover="changeto('#0a0a0a')" onMouseout="changeback('#000000')"> <a href="/art/snk/">SNK VS Games</a></td></a> </tr> <tr> <a href="/art/sfxt/"> <td nowrap="nowrap" class="table" onMouseover="changeto('#0a0a0a')" onMouseout="changeback('#000000')"> <a href="/art/sfxt/">SF x Tekken</a></td></a> </tr> <tr> <a href="/art/tvc/"> <td nowrap="nowrap" class="table" onMouseover="changeto('#0a0a0a')" onMouseout="changeback('#000000')"> <a href="/art/tvc/">Tatsunoko VS Capcom</a></td></a> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="/sitepics/button-vampire.jpg" width=100%></td> </tr> <tr> <a href="/art/vampire/vampire/"> <td nowrap="nowrap" class="table" onMouseover="changeto('#0a0a0a')" onMouseout="changeback('#000000')"> <a href="/art/vampire/vampire/">Vampire</a></td></a> </tr> <tr> <a href="/art/vampire/vh/"> <td nowrap="nowrap" class="table" onMouseover="changeto('#0a0a0a')" onMouseout="changeback('#000000')"> <a href="/art/vampire/vh/">Vampire Hunter</a></td></a> </tr> <tr> <a href="/art/vampire/vs/"> <td nowrap="nowrap" class="table" onMouseover="changeto('#0a0a0a')" onMouseout="changeback('#000000')"> <a href="/art/vampire/vs/">Vampire Savior</a></td></a> </tr> <tr> <a href="/art/vampire/vc"> <td nowrap="nowrap" class="table" onMouseover="changeto('#0a0a0a')" onMouseout="changeback('#000000')"> <a href="/art/vampire/vc/">Vampire Chronicle</a></td></a> </tr> <tr> <a href="/art/vampire/resurrection/"> <td nowrap="nowrap" class="table" onMouseover="changeto('#0a0a0a')" onMouseout="changeback('#000000')"> <a href="/art/vampire/resurrection/">Vampire Resurrection</a></td></a> </tr> <tr> <a href="/art/vampire/appearances.shtml"> <td nowrap="nowrap" class="table" onMouseover="changeto('#0a0a0a')" onMouseout="changeback('#000000')"> <a href="/art/vampire/appearances.shtml">Guest Appearances</a></td></a> </tr> <tr> <a href="/art/vampire/logos/"> <td nowrap="nowrap" class="table" onMouseover="changeto('#0a0a0a')" onMouseout="changeback('#000000')"> <a href="/art/vampire/logos/">Logo Collection</a></td></a> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="/sitepics/other.jpg" width=100%></td> </tr> <tr> <a href="/art/sfduel/"> <td nowrap="nowrap" class="table" onMouseover="changeto('#0a0a0a')" onMouseout="changeback('#000000')"> <a href="/art/sfduel/">Street Fighter Duel</a></td></a> </tr> <tr> <a href="/art/spf2x/"> <td nowrap="nowrap" class="table" onMouseover="changeto('#0a0a0a')" onMouseout="changeback('#000000')"> <a href="/art/spf2x/">Puzzle Fighter</a></td></a> </tr> <tr> <a href="/art/pf/"> <td nowrap="nowrap" class="table" onMouseover="changeto('#0a0a0a')" onMouseout="changeback('#000000')"> <a href="/art/pf/">Pocket Fighter</a></td></a> </tr> <tr> <a href="/art/comics/"> <td nowrap="nowrap" class="table" onMouseover="changeto('#0a0a0a')" onMouseout="changeback('#000000')"> <a href="/art/comics/">SF Comics</a></td></a> </tr> <tr> <a href="/art/logos/gallery/"> <td nowrap="nowrap" class="table" onMouseover="changeto('#0a0a0a')" onMouseout="changeback('#000000')"> <a href="/art/logos/gallery/">Logo Collection</a></td></a> </tr> <tr> <a href="/art/other/"> <td nowrap="nowrap" class="table" onMouseover="changeto('#0a0a0a')" onMouseout="changeback('#000000')"> <a href="/art/other">Other Titles</a></td></a> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="/sitepics/info.jpg" width=100%></td> </tr> <tr> <a href="/links/"> <td nowrap="nowrap" class="table" onMouseover="changeto('#0a0a0a')" onMouseout="changeback('#000000')"> <a href="/links">Links</a></td></a> </tr> <tr> <a href="/games/"> <td nowrap="nowrap" class="table" onMouseover="changeto('#0a0a0a')" onMouseout="changeback('#000000')"> <a href="/games/">Game List</a></td></a> </tr> <tr> <a href="/games/progress/"> <td nowrap="nowrap" class="table" onMouseover="changeto('#0a0a0a')" onMouseout="changeback('#000000')"> <a href="/games/progress">Site Map</a></td></a> </tr>  <tr> <td class="table"><img src="/sitepics/frameless-left.jpg"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="news2">© 2002-2022<br><a href="mailto:slateman@sfgalleries.net">the slateman</a> <br><p><br><br><p><br><br><p><br> </td> </tr> </table> </td> <td class="test" valign=top width=673> <table width=100%>  <tr> <td class="date" width=100%> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%> <tr> <td class="test" width=95%><b class="date">Welcome to SFG!</b></td> <td class="test" width=5% align=right> <a href="mailto:slateman@sfgalleries.net"><img src="/sitepics/slateman.jpg" align=right border=0></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="news" colspan=2> <b>Street Fighter Galleries</b> covers artwork spanning the entire <b>SF</b> universe of games. From in-game captures to official artwork, <b>SFG</b> offers dozens of galleries, covering every game Ryu & co. have ever appeared in. Check the <a href="/games/progress/">Site Map</a> for a full listing of <b>SF</b> games. <p>In addition to the regular <b>SF</b> series of games, the site also caters to many other <b>Capcom</b> fighting games. This includes the entire <a href="/art/marvel/">Marvel Vs Series</a>, <a href="/art/snk/">SNK Vs Series, <a href="/art/other/">Other Titles</a> such as <b>Pocket Fighter</b> and <b>Capcom All-Stars</b> and much more. I also put together a <a href="/games/">Complete SF Game List</a>. Finally, please also note the <a href="/links/">Links Page</a>. Much of the art found on this site came from other pages. In all cases I've given a link in the index as well as in the art page. If you like any of the art here, please check out the sites from where the art came!<p><Br> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="date" width=100%> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%> <tr> <td class="test" width=95%><b class="date">15th June, 2022</b></td> <td class="test" width=5% align=right><a href="mailto:slateman@sfgalleries.net"> <img src="/sitepics/slateman.jpg" align=right border=0></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="news" colspan=2> <p><br> <p><img src="/art/sf6/logo-sf6-trim-black.png" align=right height=150>If the rumors are true, there was a bit of a hiccup in the development of <b>Street Fighter VI</b> a few years back. The title was reportedly not received favorably internally which led to both a delay and a final, fifth season of <b>SFV</b>. While Capcom never verified these rumblings, we know there's at least <i>some</i> evidence of the validity. On the one hand, there was a massive shift in <b>SFV</b> and its final year of development. On the other, Capcom's unveiling of <b>SFVI</b> was a tremendous success, showing off a highly-polished product despite being months away from release. <p>It's simply astonishing how well the sixth numbered entry was presented. Well-thought-out mechanics, a unified style, a flashy presentation and the promise of a complete package all have gotten Capcom back in the good graces of fighting-game fans the world over. After six full years of <b>SFV</b>, it's time to move on and I'm excited about the future. <p>The next news I expect to hear will be at Evo in early August. After the deluge of information and videos, it'll be quiet for a short time. However, I fully anticipate a steady stream as autumn rolls around. For today, I'm posting the first official art from the game, showing the five confirmed fighters. (The leaked cast is a whole different story!) Enjoy the first entry into the <a href="/art/sf6/">Street Fighter VI galleries</a>! <p> <table class="site" bgcolor="#550000" align=center> <tr> <td class="tableh" colspan=3>Street Fighter VI</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf6/"><img src="/art/sf6/series1/sf6-chun-li_thumb.png" border=0></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf6/"><img src="/art/sf6/series1/sf6-guile_thumb.png" border=0></a></td> </tr> </table> <p><br> </td> </tr> </table> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%> <tr> <td class="test" width=95%><b class="date">26th January, 2022</b></td> <td class="test" width=5% align=right><a href="mailto:slateman@sfgalleries.net"> <img src="/sitepics/slateman.jpg" align=right border=0></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="news" colspan=2> <p><br> <p>Another year, more art and another international move. After some time, i've managed to get all <a href="/art/sf5/sf5/arcade/index.shtml">129 arcade-mode endings</a> and all <a href="/art/sf5/sf5/arcade/endings-special.shtml">179 special endings</a> are now on the site. I'm thrilled to have completed the whole lot as of season five, with 308 endings over five seasons. Below are some samples of some of my favorite lady-centric illustrations. <p> <table class="site" bgcolor="#550000" align=center> <tr> <td class="tableh" colspan=3>Street Fighter V Special Endings</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf5/sf5/"><img src="/art/sf5/sf5/arcade/ending-sf3-oro-special-kataiwa.png" border=0 width=350></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf5/sf5/"><img src="/art/sf5/sf5/arcade/ending-sf5-akira-special-tamio.png" border=0 width=350></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf5/sf5/"><img src="/art/sf5/sf5/arcade/ending-sf5-oro-special-TAKE.png" border=0 width=350></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf5/sf5/"><img src="/art/sf5/sf5/arcade/ending-sf5-rose-special-shimazaki.png" border=0 width=350></a></td> </tr> </table> <p><br> </td> </tr> </table> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%> <tr> <td class="test" width=95%><b class="date">25th April, 2021</b></td> <td class="test" width=5% align=right><a href="mailto:slateman@sfgalleries.net"> <img src="/sitepics/slateman.jpg" align=right border=0></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="news" colspan=2> <p><br> <p>Back when the <b>30th Anniversary Collection</b> hit Japan, several bonus items shipped alongside of it, likely to help entice gamers after they had to wait an additional six months for it to arrive. One such item was a set of tarot cards with <b>SF</b> faces adorning them, all with spectacular art. Of course, these sold out immediately, but with Rose's entrance to <a href="/art/sf5/">Street Fighter V</a>, we got a full set of these cards. There are 22 base entries, numbering 0-21, with an additional two to round it all out. These look just phenomenal and it makes this set the 154th gallery on this site. Just remarkable. These were all taken from <a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/StreetFighter/comments/mw40vu/ingame_texture_of_roses_tarot_card_for_those_who/">Monkeygigabuster's post on Reddit</a>. <p>Enjoy the sample below. I'll be moving across the Atlantic again soon, so I'll likely be quiet for a while. <p> <table class="site" bgcolor="#550000" align=center> <tr> <td class="tableh" colspan=3>Street Fighter V Tarot Cards</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf5/sf5/tarot/"><img src="/art/sf5/sf5/tarot/sfv-tarot-03-theempress_thumb.png" border=0></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf5/sf5/tarot/"><img src="/art/sf5/sf5/tarot/sfv-tarot-13-death_thumb.png" border=0></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf5/sf5/tarot/"><img src="/art/sf5/sf5/tarot/sfv-tarot-20-judgement_thumb.png" border=0></a></td> </tr> </table> <p><br> </td> </tr> </table> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%> <tr> <td class="test" width=95%><b class="date">20th March, 2021</b></td> <td class="test" width=5% align=right><a href="mailto:slateman@sfgalleries.net"> <img src="/sitepics/slateman.jpg" align=right border=0></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="news" colspan=2> <p><br> <p>Two updates in a month! Fancy that! I finally got around to tossing together a <a href="/art/sfduel/">Street Fighter Duel</a> gallery. This Chinese-only mobile game features some utterly-spectacular art and it was time to get that represented on the site. I have a bevvy of other art from the game, all torn from the <a href="https://jieba.qq.com/cp/a20191010yuyue/index_pc.html">official site</a>. However, none of these are complete enough to warrant inclusion. Just a quick update today - enjoy the samples of this fabulous art. <p>Oh, and one final note - I captured Dan's <a href="/art/sf5/sf5/arcade/">arcade endings</a> and <a href="/art/sf5/sf5/arcade/endings-special.shtml">special endings</a> making that gallery 100% complete again...at least until Rose's arrival! <p> <table class="site" bgcolor="#550000" align=center> <tr> <td class="tableh" colspan=2>Street Fighter Duel</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sfduel/series1/"><img src="/art/sfduel/series1_thumb.jpg" border=0></a></td> <td class="tableh"><a href="/art/sfduel/series2/"><img src="/art/sfduel/series2/sfduel-cammy_thumb.jpg" border=0></a></td> </tr> </table> <p><br> </td> </tr> </table> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%> <tr> <td class="test" width=95%><b class="date">7th March, 2021</b></td> <td class="test" width=5% align=right><a href="mailto:slateman@sfgalleries.net"> <img src="/sitepics/slateman.jpg" align=right border=0></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="news" colspan=2> <p><br> <p>Today's update is entirely related to <b>Street Fighter III</b>. All three major games were updated with higher-res source art and the galleries themselves were cleaned up, sorted and niceified. <p>Starting with <a href="/art/sf3/sf3/">New Generation</a>, you'll find there are an impressive <b>10 galleries</b> there now! Short version: it's all fixed up now and I added a pair of new galleries there: win and loss sprites. Ripping these from the original arcade games, I did palette swaps for every fighter in both <b>NG</b> and <b>2I</b>. Combining them means that each gallery has over every color for every fighter. The <a href="/art/sf3/sf3/win/">Win Poses section</a> features 145 images - roughly 12 colors for each character (6 for <b>2I</b> fighters and 9 for Yun & Yang. Just 1 for Gill). The <a href="/art/sf3/sf3/win/loss.shtml">Loss Poses section</a> has an additional half dozen thanks to Gouki's censored blood. <p>Thus, I fixed up the <a href="/art/sf3/sf3-2i/">2nd Impact</a> page with new art, collapsing the old art into its proper gallery in <a href="/art/sf3/sf3/series3/">New Generation</a>. Finally, <a href="/art/sf3/sf3-3s/">3rd Strike</a> has been improved. No new material, but higher-quality source art. <p>Remarkably, this brings the site's tally up to an astonishing <b>150 galleries</b>! It's taken almost 20 years - but it's been well worth it, if you ask me. There's never been an ad on the site too! If you're feeling grateful, consider purchasing <a href="https://streetfightercompendium.com/">Street Fighter Compendium: A Definitive History</a>, my massive, 250+ page tome on the <b>Street Fighter</b> franchise! Until then, some samples. <p> <table class="site" bgcolor="#550000" align=center> <tr> <td class="tableh" colspan=3>Win Poses</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf3/sf3/win/"><img src="/art/sf3/sf3/win/sfiiing-win-ibuki-01.png"></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf3/sf3/win/"><img src="/art/sf3/sf3/win/sfiiing-win-ibuki-02.png"></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf3/sf3/win/"><img src="/art/sf3/sf3/win/sfiiing-win-ibuki-03.png"></a></td> </tr> </table> <table class="site" bgcolor="#550000" align=center> <tr> <td class="tableh" colspan=3>Loss Poses</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf3/sf3/win/loss.shtml"><img src="/art/sf3/sf3/win/sfiiing-loss-ryu-01.png"></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf3/sf3/win/loss.shtml"><img src="/art/sf3/sf3/win/sfiiing-loss-ryu-02.png"></a></td> </tr> </table> <p><br> </td> </tr> </table> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%> <tr> <td class="test" width=95%><b class="date">23rd January, 2021</b></td> <td class="test" width=5% align=right><a href="mailto:slateman@sfgalleries.net"> <img src="/sitepics/slateman.jpg" align=right border=0></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="news" colspan=2> <p><br> <p>This site turns 19 years old next month and the art continues to flow. Today's update includes a bunch of <a href="/art/sf5/sf5/">Street Fighter V</a> material. First up is a huge update to the <a href="/art/sf5/sf5/renders/">Renders gallery</a>. This includes all the alternate costumes for all 40 fighters and stands at a whopping 346 images. New updates are credited to <a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/StreetFighter/comments/czffql/street_fighter_v_renders/">Biachunli over at Reddit</a> and I just culled through his posts to include only the unique outfits. That's a lot of costumes! <p>Continuing with the <b>SFV</b> love, <b>DavidPN</b> helped me a great deal in collecting all the <a href="/art/sf5/sf5/arcade/">arcade-mode endings</a> as I hadn't updated that section in two years. Together we filled in the blanks which now totals 117 endings both with and without captions. Our supplier is French, so some of the new captioned ones are in his native tongue. But that's not all! He also provided a number of <a href="/art/sf5/sf5/arcade/endings-special.shtml">arcade special endings</a> which motivated me to finish off that gallery too! There are 170 individual images there making the <b>SFV</b> pages the most expansive game section on the site (don't forget the <a href="/art/sf5/sf5/profiles/">Profiles section</a> which hosts an additional 250 pics!) It's kind of crazy how much is in there. <p> <table class="site" bgcolor="#550000" align=center> <tr> <td class="tableh" colspan=2>Street Fighter V Endings</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf5/sf5/arcade/endings-special.shtml"><img src="/art/sf5/sf5/arcade/ending-sf5-blanka-special-hinanana_preview.jpg"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf5/sf5/arcade/endings-special.shtml"><img src="/art/sf5/sf5/arcade/ending-sf5-dan-special-ahndongshik_preview.png"></a></td> </tr> </table> <p><br> </td> </tr> </table> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%> <tr> <td class="test" width=95%><b class="date">31st October, 2020</b></td> <td class="test" width=5% align=right><a href="mailto:slateman@sfgalleries.net"> <img src="/sitepics/slateman.jpg" align=right border=0></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="news" colspan=2> <p><br> <p>I forgot about some other updates in my big post from yesterday. In addition to all that work, all three <b>Street Fighter EX</b> sections were overhauled entirely. Let's see: <p>The first <a href="/art/sfex/">Street Fighter EX</a> has completely new galleries of all fighters, including the EX+ and EX+A fighters as well. Both galleries were done by Bengus and these represent some of my favorite art the series has ever seen. <p><a href="/art/sfex2/">Street Fighter EX2</a> and <b>EX2 Plus</b> also got brand-new updates, replacing terrible, low-quality items from the early 2000s. Two galleries are present here with all 24 fighters from the arcade upgrade. I actually merged two galleries together in this process, thus losing one in my total site tally. <p><a href="/art/sfex3/">Street Fighter EX3</a> has no new art, as I had a great gallery from ages ago, but I updated the thumbnails. As this site was from a different era (launched in 2002), I used to keep thumbnails very small due to bandwidth concerns. No big deal nowadays! <p>Anyhow, the <b>EX</b> series holds a special place in my heart, and I'm glad to update these galleries with some better-quality versions. The search continues, however, as not all of these are the best. <p> <table class="site" bgcolor="#550000" align=center> <tr> <td class="tableh" colspan=2>Street Fighter EX</td> <td class="tableh" colspan=2>Street Fighter EX2</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sfex/series1/"><img src="/art/sfex/series1/sfex-ryu_thumb.jpg"></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sfex/series2/"><img src="/art/sfex/series2/sfex-kairi_thumb.jpg" height=200></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sfex2/series1/"><img src="/art/sfex2/series1/sfex2-ken_thumb.jpg" height=200></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sfex2/series2/"><img src="/art/sfex2/series2/sfex2-sagat_thumb.jpg" height=200></a></td> </tr> </table> <p><br> </td> </tr> </table> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%> <tr> <td class="test" width=95%><b class="date">30th October, 2020</b></td> <td class="test" width=5% align=right><a href="mailto:slateman@sfgalleries.net"> <img src="/sitepics/slateman.jpg" align=right border=0></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="news" colspan=2> <p><br> <p>2020 will be a year long remembered as being fraught with plight and woe. However, in the midst of a plague, quarantines and re-openings, this site has received a surprising amount of love. I've been holding off on making an announcement about all the updates, but by doing so, I've forgotten some of the tremendous amount of work that's been done! <p>Working from the most recent backwards, I totally redid all the <b>Vampire / Darkstalkers</b> pages. Each has been expanded with some key art/posters, revamped galleries and updated descriptions. I launched this section way back in early 2004 thinking I'd "exhausted most of my options when it comes to SF art." How foolish was I? So, for <a href="/art/vampire/vampire/">Vampire / Darkstalkers</a> we've got a <a href="/art/vampire/vampire/series1/">new series of Bengus art</a> and another highlighting <a href="/art/vampire/vampire/stages/">background stage concept art</a>. For <a href="/art/vampire/vh/">Vampire Hunter / Night Warriors</a>, just a pair of official artworks follow the already-expansive section. <p>For <a href="/art/vampire/vs/">Vampire Savior</a>, I greatly detailed the individual entries, much like in <a href="http://slateman.net/faqs/vampire_savior.txt">2012 FAQ for the series</a>. This details all the unique revisions. Here, I also included several new pieces of key art, the iconic <a href="/art/vampire/vs/series1/">Bengus character artwork</a>, a selection of <a href="/art/vampire/vs/stages/">background stage concept art</a> and an overly-unnecessary <a href="/art/vampire/vs/portrait2/">win-portrait palette swap set</a> containing 146 unique sprites. <p> <table bgcolor="#550000" align=center> <tr> <td class="tableh" colspan=4>Lei-Lei</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><img src="/art/vampire/vs/portrait2/vs-portrait-leilei-01.png"></td> <td class="table"><img src="/art/vampire/vs/portrait2/vs-portrait-leilei-02.png"></td> <td class="table"><img src="/art/vampire/vs/portrait2/vs-portrait-leilei-03.png"></td> <td class="table"><img src="/art/vampire/vs/portrait2/vs-portrait-leilei-04.png"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><img src="/art/vampire/vs/portrait2/vs-portrait-leilei-05.png"></td> <td class="table"><img src="/art/vampire/vs/portrait2/vs-portrait-leilei-06.png"></td> <td class="table"><img src="/art/vampire/vs/portrait2/vs-portrait-leilei-07.png"></td> <td class="table"><img src="/art/vampire/vs/portrait2/vs-portrait-leilei-08.png"></td> </tr> </table> <p><a href="/art/vampire/vc/">Vampire Chronicle</a> got a small update with revised art and <a href="/art/vampire/logos/">the Logo Collection</a> was expanded with explanations and new, higher-res captures where necessary. I still have some I can add to these galleries. <p>Over the summer, I dove into my favorite <b>Street Fighter</b> sub-franchise: <b>Zero / Alpha</b>. The first <a href="/art/sfa/">Street Fighter Zero</a> has five new pieces of high-res art and two series of updated art (<a href="http://sfgalleries.net/art/sfa/series2/">one</a> and <a href="http://sfgalleries.net/art/sfa/series3/">two</a>). These new pieces are much-needed replacements for decades-old scans. In this and many others cases, I didn't replace thumbnails, but the full art, often in PNG format, is in the 1000 x 2000 pixel range - far better than my old entries! <a href="/art/sfa2/">Zero 2</a>, the best ever, received six posters and <a href="http://sfgalleries.net/art/sfa2/series2/">one updated gallery</a>. <p>Moving on to <a href="/art/sfa3/">Zero 3</a> - I never finished with key art, but <a href="/art/sfa3/series2/">Series 2</a>, <a href="/art/sfa3/series3a/">Series 3a</a> and <a href="/art/sfa3/series4/">Series 4</a> all got updates. <p>That may be all - I don't know. My <a href="/games/progress/">Site Map</a> tells me I'm at 148 galleries. I surpassed 100 back in early 2013 when the site was turning a meager 11 years old. This coming February will mark the 19th anniversary and never once has an ad graced these galleries. I do hope you enjoy this art and if you're interested in the history behind all these games, consider my <a href="https://streetfightercompendium.com/">Street Fighter Compendium: A Definitive History</a> book which is now on sale in Kindle format as well! <p> <table class="site" bgcolor="#550000" align=center> <tr> <td class="tableh" colspan=3>Zero & Zero 2 Key Art</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sfa/"><img src="/art/sfa/sfz-poster-03_thumb.png" border=0 height=200></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sfa2/"><img src="/art/sfa2/sfz2-poster-02_thumb.png" border=0 height=200></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sfa2/"><img src="/art/sfa2/sfz2-poster-04_thumb.png" border=0 height=200></a></td> </tr> </table> <p><br> </td> </tr> </table> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%> <tr> <td class="test" width=95%><b class="date">13th May, 2020</b></td> <td class="test" width=5% align=right><a href="mailto:slateman@sfgalleries.net"> <img src="/sitepics/slateman.jpg" align=right border=0></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="news" colspan=2> <p><br> <p>Just a reminder of my <a href="http://streetfightercompendium.com/">newly-published Street Fighter Compendium: A Definitive History</a> book from March. The book is an absolute beast, packed with thousands of images, screenshots, promotional materiala, comparisons and a detailed history. <p>There are no new galleries today but I've updated the <a href="/art/sf5/sf5/renders/">Street Fighter V Renders</a> page with scores of new entries. This brings the gallery up to a whopping 287 images! This gallery is missing a handful of outfits, but it appears <a href="https://game.capcom.com/cfn/sfv/">Capcom's CFN</a> isn't updating with new costume renders. I suppose 287 will have to suffice!!! <p> <table class="site" bgcolor="#550000" align=center> <tr> <td class="tableh">Book Cover</td> <td class="tableh" colspan=2>SFV Renders</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="http://streetfightercompendium.com/"><img src="SFC-Cover-Promo.jpg" height=150></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf5/sf5/renders/"><img src="/art/sf5/sf5/renders/sfv-render-sagat-01-fixed_thumb.png" border=0></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf5/sf5/renders/"><img src="/art/sf5/sf5/renders/sfv-render-cammy-09_thumb.png" border=0></a></td> </tr> </table> <p> </td> </tr> </table> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%> <tr> <td class="test" width=95%><b class="date">29th March, 2020</b></td> <td class="test" width=5% align=right><a href="mailto:slateman@sfgalleries.net"> <img src="/sitepics/slateman.jpg" align=right border=0></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="news" colspan=2> <p><br> <p>I have just published <a href="http://streetfightercompendium.com/">Street Fighter Compendium: A Definitive History</a> - a 250-page book covering every entry into the <b>Street Fighter</b> franchise. This is available in both paperback through <b>Amazon</b> all over the world and also on PDF for those who prefer that format. This book is phenomenal and really is a must-have for any fan of the series. Feel free to check out <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hTswDWHMi18">a quick flipthrough video</a> I made. <p><b>Street Fighter Galleries</b> turned 18 sometime in the last two months. In that time, I've moved from New York to Maine to Sweden to Italy. This franchise has been part of my life since I was 12; I am now 44. While the site has quite the comprehensive collection of art, I've opted to upload something new for this update. Taking sprite backgrounds from <a href="/art/sf3/">Street Fighter III</a>, I've gone and upscaled them to show off their insane details. While I'd done this in the past and also posted non-upscaled backgrounds <a href="http://slateman.net/images/gaming/backgrounds/">on my personal site</a>, this was my first effort to do an entire set. <p>So, what we have is most of the stages from <a href="/art/sf3/sf3/stages/">Street Fighter III: New Generation</a> and all of the backdrops from both <a href="/art/sf3/sf3-2i/stages/">SFIII: 2nd Impact</a> and <a href="/art/sf3/sf3-3s/stages/">SFIII: 3rd Strike</a>. All are upscaled and look simply remarkable. These include most alternates as well - like day/night swaps, though again, certain ones are missing from the first entry. <p>I hope you are faring well in this time of global lockdowns and pandemic strife. We're almost three weeks locked entirely down. Looking forward to things improving in the coming weeks! <p> <table class="site" bgcolor="#550000" align=center> <tr> <td class="head" colspan=2>SFIII Stage Backgrounds</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tableh">Street Fighter III: New Generation</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf3/sf3/stages/"><img src="/art/sf3/sf3/stages/sfiii-ng-gill_thumb.png" border=0></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tableh">Street Fighter III: 2nd Impact</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf3/sf3-2i/stages/"><img src="/art/sf3/sf3-2i/stages/upscaled-sfiii-2i-hugo_thumb.png" border=0></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tableh">Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf3/sf3-3s/stages/"><img src="/art/sf3/sf3-3s/stages/upscaled-sfiii-3s-makoto_thumb.png" border=0></a></td> </tr> </table> <p> </td> </tr> </table> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%> <tr> <td class="test" width=95%><b class="date">3rd January, 2020</b></td> <td class="test" width=5% align=right><a href="mailto:slateman@sfgalleries.net"> <img src="/sitepics/slateman.jpg" align=right border=0></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="news" colspan=2> <p><br> <p>As the site approaches its 18th anniversary, it's remarkable that new content remains to upload! The other day, while working on my book, I did a routine search on my HDD which yielded some older <b>Vampire Hunter (Night Warriors)</b> art I never put up! Amazing! So, the usual thing happened: I ended up doing way too much work, updating new galleries, and recapturing old ones! <p>As I head up north for the weekend, just outside of Rome, I'll do a quick update with these new galleries. The first is an old one where I've captured alternate colors. <a href="/art/vampire/vh/portrait2/">These captures</a> have eight of each color and are the usual excessive nonsense. The <a href="/art/vampire/vh/portrait/">old gallery remains on the site</a>. <p>Galleries 2 and 3 are just phenomenal. These are official galleries from both Ikeno and Bengus. Just check them out, they're worth it. This brings the site up to 140 galleries. Just amazing! <p> <table class="site" bgcolor="#550000" align=center> <tr> <td class="head" colspan=2>Vampire Hunter</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="/art/vampire/vh/series1/"><img src="/art/vampire/vh/series1_thumb.jpg" border=0 width=200></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/vampire/vh/series2/"><img src="/art/vampire/vh/series2_thumb.jpg" border=0 width=200></a></td> </tr> </table> <p> </td> </tr> </table> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%> <tr> <td class="test" width=95%><b class="date">27th June, 2019</b></td> <td class="test" width=5% align=right><a href="mailto:slateman@sfgalleries.net"> <img src="/sitepics/slateman.jpg" align=right border=0></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="news" colspan=2> <p><br> <p> Who would have thought that, after 14 months of radio silence, a pair of updates would arrive in the span of one week? Not only a pair of updates, but one revamped page and four new ones! <p>Part of it is that I will be without a PC until September. I move in 11 days - yet another blind leap to a nation I've never even once visited. And so why not blast out a few galleries - both old and new! <p>So today I am writing about the inclusion of a bevy of new galleries. <b>*Takes deep breath*</b>. With the newly-cleaned-up <a href="/art/snk/">SNK Versus Games page</a>, I was bothered by the absence of some games. I went through <a href="/art/snk/card2/">SNK Vs. Capcom: Card Fighters 2 - Expand Edition</a> and...Why not go through the Neo Geo Pocket Color's final game and rip all 160 cards? It was a silly endeavor but totally worth it. These come from the fan-translated ROM which results in some minor name tweaks. As it never was released outside of Japan, this will have to do - and I cannot complain! This is a great gallery. <p>It then continues to the series finale. <a href="/art/snk/card3/">SNK Vs. Capcom: Card Fighters DS</a> was the last game in the crossover franchise. This time there were <i>only</i> 150 cards, but these are in a higher resolution and, using the American ROM, contain all the Western names. Unsurprisingly, these look phenomenal as well. <p>The next galleries are sets of very old artwork which have been residing on the HDD for over seven years. First is for <a href="/art/marvel/umvc3/">Ultimate Marvel Vs. Capcom 3</a>. The upgraded title contains ridiculously-high-res art, many full-size PNGs clocking in at several Mb each. All 51 characters are here in what is likely the largest gallery on this entire site. Next up was <a href="/art/tvc/">Tatsunoko Vs. Capcom</a>. There are two new galleries for this title and its home translation as well as three posters. The images are pretty high-res and while I don't particularly love the art itself, it's nice to finally get these on the site. <p>But it doesn't end there! The fighters from <a href="/art/vampire/">Vampire / Darkstalkers</a> made some <a href="/art/vampire/appearances.shtml">appearances in other titles</a>. There are two games: <a href="/art/misc/xedge/">Cross Edge</a> and <a href="/art/misc/onimusha-soul/">Onimusha Soul</a>. The characters were mostly females, but the full artwork is really excellent and I only really thought of it after flipping through Udon's excellent <b>Official Complete Works</b> book. <p>Thought that was it? Silly you! Six galleries down and two more to go. With fewer and fewer games left uncovered, I dove back into the world of <b>Final Fight</b>. I've tossed galleries up for both <a href="/art/ff/ffr/">Final Fight Revenge</a> and <a href="/art/ff/mff/">Mighty Final Fight</a>. Each comes from the now-defunct <b>Arcade Gear</b>, one of my favorite sites from back in the day. <p>Eight galleries enough? That brings the <a href="/games/progress/">grand tally to 136</a>. If I take a few months off to move, I think I can be forgiven, especially since this is the largest single update in over six years. <p><br> </td> </tr> </table> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%> <tr> <td class="test" width=95%><b class="date">20th June, 2019</b></td> <td class="test" width=5% align=right><a href="mailto:slateman@sfgalleries.net"> <img src="/sitepics/slateman.jpg" align=right border=0></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="news" colspan=2> <p><br> <p> OK, while it truly has been a long time since my last update, I have a good excuse. First off, I've written two books. The first is dedicated to <a href="https://www.tonyhawksgamingdomination.com/">the Tony Hawk line of videogames</a> while the second is on <a href="https://www.streetfightercompendium.com/">The Street Fighter Zero / Alpha series</a>. The latter will eventually be combined into a super-book containing info on every <b>SF</b> ever released. It's kind of crazy. <p>And so, my time has been solely given to those projects and this site remained on the backburner. It's not all bad - this site is doing just fine without regular maintenance! However, today, before another move interrupts my life again, I've opted to update the <a href="/art/snk/">SNK Versus Games Galleries</a>. The section has been brought up-to-date with the likes of other series, and has logos and info on each and every versus title between the two companies. <p>In addition, I've finally gotten around to updating the site with <a href="/art/tvc/">Tatsunoko Vs. Capcom art</a>. The decade-old game never quite reached the prominence of the mainline games or versus titles but it's worth including on the site! A pair of galleries exist with a slightly different roster of fighters. <p> <table class="site" bgcolor="#550000" align=center> <tr> <td class="head" colspan=2>Tatsunoko Vs. Capcom</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="/art/tvc/series1/"><img src="/art/tvc/series1/tvc-series1-chun-li_thumb.jpg" border=0 width=200></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/tvc/series2/"><img src="/art/tvc/series2/tvc-series2-chun-li_thumb.jpg" border=0 width=200></a></td> </tr> </table> <p> </td> </tr> </table> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%> <tr> <td class="test" width=95%><b class="date">2nd April, 2018</b></td> <td class="test" width=5% align=right><a href="mailto:slateman@sfgalleries.net"> <img src="/sitepics/slateman.jpg" align=right border=0></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="news" colspan=2> <p><br> <p> The collection of endings in <b>SFV: AE</b> made one gallery a bit unwieldy. I have, therefore, split the galleries into two: The first contains <a href="/art/sf5/sf5/arcade/">each character's ending</a> in its comic-book style. These are now broken down by character rather than by game. Caption-free art is coupled with the full set of text-overlaid images. The entire set is complete up to Blanka, and will be updated with the remaining five characters as they are released. <p>The second gallery contains <a href="/art/sf5/sf5/arcade/endings-special.shtml">special endings</a>. This section is comprised of new and legacy artwork and has some truly remarkable stuff. <p>Thus, there's really nothing particularly <b>new</b> here, though these sections have been continually updated since <b>AE's</b> arrival several months ago. As always, enjoy! <p><br> </td> </tr> </table> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%> <tr> <td class="test" width=95%><b class="date">28th January, 2018</b></td> <td class="test" width=5% align=right><a href="mailto:slateman@sfgalleries.net"> <img src="/sitepics/slateman.jpg" align=right border=0></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="news" colspan=2> <p><br> <p> With the arrival of <b>SFV: AE</b>, I've been sucked back into the game and its new arcade mode offers an insane amount of new art. Over 200 endings are present, a number sure to grow as season 3 progresses. My newest insane endeavor is to collect all of these pieces of art, captured at full 1920x1280 (thus the large file sizes and slow load times, FYI). I've reached out for help and many have aided, all credited in <a href="/art/sf5/sf5/arcade/">the gallery itself</a>. A number of these are arcade comic-style panels, but alongside some classic, legacy artwork resides a plethora of insanely-awesome new artwork. My goal is to collect all of these. If you can help, please let me know. It's tough choosing some samples, but here are just a few of the dozens I have on there already. Enjoy! <p><br> <table bgcolor="#550000" align=center> <tr> <td class="head" colspan=2>SFV: AE</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf5/sf5/arcade/"><img src="/art/sf5/sf5/arcade/sample-ending-sf2-akuma.jpg" border=0></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf5/sf5/arcade/"><img src="/art/sf5/sf5/arcade/sample-ending-sf2-chun-li-special-krenz.jpg" border=0></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf5/sf5/arcade/"><img src="/art/sf5/sf5/arcade/sample-ending-sf2-ryu-special-akio.jpg" border=0></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf5/sf5/arcade/"><img src="/art/sf5/sf5/arcade/sample-ending-sfa-sakura-special-namboku.jpg" border=0></a></td> </tr> </table> <p> </td> </tr> </table> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%> <tr> <td class="test" width=95%><b class="date">22nd October, 2017</b></td> <td class="test" width=5% align=right><a href="mailto:slateman@sfgalleries.net"> <img src="/sitepics/slateman.jpg" align=right border=0></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="news" colspan=2> <p><br> <p> Some inspiration drove me to upload yet another gallery today, Last month's <a href="/art/marvel/mvci/">Marvel Vs. Capcom Infinite</a> arrived with a decent set of art and I've included all that's currently available. This gallery contains the 30 base characters and a handful of the first set of DLC fighters. This brings the site's total galleries to 125, rather impressive! I'd like to get some more up eventually...think there are some stragglers on the HDD. Here are a few samples from the high-res <a href="/art/marvel/mvci/series1/">MVCI full-body action shots</a>! <p><br> <table bgcolor="#550000" align=center> <tr> <td class="head" colspan=4>MVCI</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="/art/marvel/mvci/"><img src="/art/marvel/mvci/series1/mvci-portraits-morrigan_thumb.png" border=0></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/marvel/mvci/"><img src="/art/marvel/mvci/series1/mvci-portraits-firebrand_thumb.png" border=0></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/marvel/mvci/"><img src="/art/marvel/mvci/series1/mvci-portraits-jedah_thumb.png" border=0></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/marvel/mvci/"><img src="/art/marvel/mvci/series1/mvci-portraits-monster-hunter_thumb.png" border=0></a></td> </table> <p> </td> </tr> </table> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%> <tr> <td class="test" width=95%><b class="date">22nd October, 2017</b></td> <td class="test" width=5% align=right><a href="mailto:slateman@sfgalleries.net"> <img src="/sitepics/slateman.jpg" align=right border=0></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="news" colspan=2> <p><br> <p> The news of <b>Street Fighter V: Arcade Edition</b> wasn't a surprise, but it's damn exciting! Today I've updated the <a href="/art/sf5">Street Fighter V page</a> with a few things. First is the logo for the new AE release. Second is a pretty <a href="/art/sf5/sf5/sfv-poster2_big.jpg">kick-ass poster</a> for the title. Finally, thanks to <a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/StreetFighter/comments/6pzelu/sfv_character_rendersall_outfits_extracted_from/">Damastah101 over at Reddit</a>, we've got scores of <a href="/art/sf5/sf5/renders/">costume renders</a> for all characters. These are all pretty cool and there are sure to be dozens more to come! <p><br> <table bgcolor="#550000" align=center> <tr> <td><img src="/art/sf5//logo-sf5-ae.png" width=250></td> </tr> </table> <p> </td> </tr> </table> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%> <tr> <td class="test" width=95%><b class="date">4th September, 2017</b></td> <td class="test" width=5% align=right><a href="mailto:slateman@sfgalleries.net"> <img src="/sitepics/slateman.jpg" align=right border=0></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="news" colspan=2> <p><br> <p> It's been a long while but I've got plenty going on. I'm 90% of the way through my Tony Hawk book and I just may have a <b>SF</b> one brewing for afterwards. In fact, I'm thinking of doing a few...but that's a different story. Today's update isn't even a full gallery...yet. It seems Capcom is putting together a new <b>Puzzle Fighter</b>, this time with a more abbreviated titles. It's looking like a mobile-only F2P game which will certainly look nice but I'm always leery of those F2P games. In any event I thought I'd toss up the logo and whenever the full art set rolls in, I'll have to set up another gallery to go alongside <a href="/art/spf2x/">the existing ones</a>. Until then, enjoy the new logo! <p><br> <table bgcolor="#550000" align=center> <tr> <td><img src="/art/logos/final/logo-pf-2017.jpg" height=200></td> </tr> </table> <p> </td> </tr> </table> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%> <tr> <td class="test" width=95%><b class="date">25th January, 2017</b></td> <td class="test" width=5% align=right><a href="mailto:slateman@sfgalleries.net"> <img src="/sitepics/slateman.jpg" align=right border=0></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="news" colspan=2> <p><br> <p> There are a few minor updates still brewing, but in my research to update the outdated <a href="/games/">Game List</a>, I came across some info and artwork. <b>Street Fighter: Battle Combination</b> is a mobile-only "port" of <b>SFIV</b>. It's pretty standard fare for a mobile game and the roster is almost entirely made up of <b>SFIV</b> characters...with the exception of one. Capcom decided to toss R. Mika in there and in matching her artwork with the rest of the gang, they had someone redo her classic <a href="http://sfgalleries.net/art/sfa3/series2/sfz3-mika_big.jpg">SFZ3 portrait</a>. It's a truly unnecessary addition to the site. The left is her Zero 3 art and the middle pic is the new one. I am tossing that up as well as the Sakura load screen image just because. <p><br> <table bgcolor="#550000" align=center> <tr> <td><img src="/art/sfbc/logo-sfbc_thumb.jpg"></td> </tr> </table> <table bgcolor="#550000" align=center> <tr> <td class="tableh">R. Mika (SFZ3)</td> <td class="tableh">R. Mika (SFBC)</td> <td class="tableh">Sakura (Load Screen)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sfa3/series2/sfz3-mika_big.jpg"><img src="/art/sfbc/sfbc-rmika-sfz3-compare.jpg" border=0></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sfbc/sfbc-rmika-profile.png"><img src="/art/sfbc/sfbc-rmika-profile_thumb.png" border=0></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sfbc/sfbc-sakura.png"><img src="/art/sfbc/sfbc-sakura_thumb.png" border=0></a></td> </table> <p> </td> </tr> </table> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%> <tr> <td class="test" width=95%><b class="date">14th January, 2017</b></td> <td class="test" width=5% align=right><a href="mailto:slateman@sfgalleries.net"> <img src="/sitepics/slateman.jpg" align=right border=0></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="news" colspan=2> <p><br> <p> I failed to post the new image <b>Capcom</b> made for <b>USF2</b>. It's a Bengus illustration made in the same style of his <a href="/art/sf2/ssf2/">SSFII</a> poster from over 20 years ago. It's actually pretty cool and features Evil Ryu, Violent Ken and Gouki, none of whom were present in the original release. I'm actually kind of excited about this title, despite its fundamental flaws. I'm really not expecting much, so any bone they could toss us would be great. However, if the price tag, roughly $40 equivalent to the Japanese price, is true, screw that. I'm hoping for a PS4 port anyways. $40? That's laughable. <p>So, I updated the <a href="/art/sf2/usf2/">USFII</a> section with the new poster and then went back to fix up some other sections. First I added a poster to <a href="/art/msh/">Marvel Super Heroes</a> I'd been meaning to get to. Then I fixed up the <a href="/art/logos/gallery/">Logos Gallery</a> with some new items (I never posted about <b>Marvel Vs. Capcom Infinite</b> here yet!) So, two posters and some housekeeping today. :) More to come! <p><br> <table bgcolor="#550000" align=center> <tr> <td class="head" colspan=4>New Posters</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tableh">USFII Poster</td> <td class="tableh">MSH Poster</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf2/usf2/"><img src="/art/sf2/usf2/poster-usf2_thumb.jpg" border=0></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/msh/"><img src="/art/msh/poster-msh_thumb.jpg" border=0></a></td> </table> <p> Oh, if you wanted to compare the two posters, I tossed them side-by-side just for giggles. I think it's a cool update to this classic poster. Of course, the Super characters were removed for the redesign. Kind of neat. <p><center><a href="/art/sf2/usf2/poster-usf2-comparison.jpg"><img src="/art/sf2/usf2/poster-usf2-comparison_thumb.jpg"></a></center> <P><br> </td> </tr> </table> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%> <tr> <td class="test" width=95%><b class="date">13th January, 2017</b></td> <td class="test" width=5% align=right><a href="mailto:slateman@sfgalleries.net"> <img src="/sitepics/slateman.jpg" align=right border=0></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="news" colspan=2> <p><br> <p> ...and you thought they were done! <p>Nope! More than 25 years after <b>SFII</b> launches, we're getting <i>another</i> version! This entry, titled <b>Ultra Street Fighter II: The Final Challengers</b> is a Nintendo Switch exclusive title and it adds a pair of 'new' fighters: Evil Ryu and Violent Ken. The former has been around since <a href="/art/sfa2/">Street Fighter Zero 2</a> back in '96, but the latter only appeared in the SNK-developed <a href="http://sfgalleries.net/art/snk/svc/">SNK Vs. Capcom: Chaos</a> in 2003. <p>This game appears to be just a slight makeover of 2008's <a href="http://sfgalleries.net/art/sf2/ssf2thd/">Super Street Fighter II Turbo: HD Remix</a>. It'll feature the classic sprites or the HD visuals and it adds a two-vs-CPU Dramatic Mode. Release date and pricing have yet to be announced. Therefore, all I have today is a logo but you can take a peek at some screenshots over at <a href="http://www.capcom-unity.com/harrisony/blog/2017/01/12/ultra-street-fighter-ii-is-coming-to-nintendo-switch">Capcom Unity</a>. <p>Oh, and I arrived in Sweden back in September. I had a full update prepared for <b>Tatsunoko Vs. Capcom</b> but a HDD failure means I have to start from scratch. I endeavor to get to that gallery sometime shortly. Happy New Year! <p><br> <table bgcolor="#550000" align=center> <tr> <td class="head" colspan=4>USFII: The Final Challengers</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf2/logo-usf2.jpg"><img src="/art/sf2/logo-usf2_med.jpg" border=0></a></td> </table> <P> </td> </tr> </table> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%> <tr> <td class="test" width=95%><b class="date">25th August, 2016</b></td> <td class="test" width=5% align=right><a href="mailto:slateman@sfgalleries.net"> <img src="/sitepics/slateman.jpg" align=right border=0></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="news" colspan=2> <p><br> <p> <b>Capcom's</b> <a href="http://game.capcom.com/cfn/sfv/columnlist.html">CFN</a> site began, several months ago, uploading character profiles for scores of individuals in the <b>SF</b> world. These span from the obvious fighters to relatives like Guile's daughter to the ever-popular Peter Zonta. From Retsu and Goutetsu to Dudley's butler and even Ibuki's pet raccoon. The entire Mad Gear gang and the fighters from the cancelled <a href="/art/cfas/">Capcom Fighting All Stars</a> were also included as well as alternate, unused costumes in <b>SFV</b>. As of this writing there are almost 200 characters on top of the cast of <b>SFV</b>. It's ludicrous. I debated, for quite some time, whether or not this would fit on this site and since it's excessive and nonsensical and entirely unnecessary, the answer of course was yes. Therefore this gallery will be ever-evolving (while my drive to update it continues) but it's kind of cool seeing them all together. Just note two things: <p>First, with all those images, the section may take a bit to load up, particularly on slower connections. <p>Second, I'm moving to Sweden in about three weeks, so while things get shuffled around, I may be slow updating these. I'll likely be without my PC until almost November. <p>Anyways, enjoy this. It's fun and silly. <p><br> <table bgcolor="#550000" align=center> <tr> <td class="head" colspan=4>SFV Profiles</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tableh">Satsuki</td> <td class="tableh">Geki</td> <td class="tableh">Female Blanka</td> <td class="tableh">Azam</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf5/sf5/profiles/"><img src="/art/sf5/sf5/profiles/sfv-profile-doll-satsuki_thumb.jpg" border=0></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf5/sf5/profiles/"><img src="/art/sf5/sf5/profiles/sfv-profile-geki_thumb.jpg" border=0></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf5/sf5/profiles/"><img src="/art/sf5/sf5/profiles/sfv-profile-blanka-female_thumb.jpg" border=0></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf5/sf5/profiles/"><img src="/art/sf5/sf5/profiles/sfv-profile-azam_thumb.jpg" border=0></a></td> </tr> </table> <P> </td> </tr> </table> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%> <tr> <td class="test" width=95%><b class="date">22nd August, 2016</b></td> <td class="test" width=5% align=right><a href="mailto:slateman@sfgalleries.net"> <img src="/sitepics/slateman.jpg" align=right border=0></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="news" colspan=2> <p><br> <p> Today's update covers the 1995 <b>Capcom</b> fighter <a href="/art/cyberbots/">Cyberbots</a>. I really only wanted to get a sprite of Z-Gouki and that, of course, turned into a full capturing/editing process. (I did get both colors of Z-Gouki ripped, BTW) Anyhow, I ended up capturing three galleries from the arcade version along with some PS1 editing. Then I utilized the wonderful <a href="http://www.arcade-gear.com/">Arcade Gear</a> to finish out the section with some official art. The gallery total is now up to 122 and I've linked all four galleries here for your samples. Enjoy the low-resolution, 20-year-old art! <p><br> <table bgcolor="#550000" align=center> <tr> <td class="head" colspan=2>Cyberbots: Fullmetal Madness</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tableh">Selection Screen</td> <td class="tableh">Profiles</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="/art/cyberbots/selection/"><img src="/art/cyberbots/thumb-select.gif" border=0></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/cyberbots/profiles/"><img src="/art/cyberbots/profiles/cyberbots-bao-mao-2.gif" border=0></a></td> </tr> </table> <table class="site" bgcolor="#550000" align=center> <tr> <td class="tableh">Endings</td> <td class="tableh">Official Art</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="/art/cyberbots/endings/"><img src="/art/cyberbots/thumb-gallery.gif" border=0></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/cyberbots/series1/"><img src="/art/cyberbots/thumb-series1.jpg" border=0></a></td> </tr> </table> <p> Oh, and here are your Z-Gouki sprites. Just the standing pose for both colors. Full standing animations would be <b>way</b> too much work! <p><center> <img src="/art/cyberbots/z-gouki-p1.gif"><img src="/art/cyberbots/z-gouki-p2.gif"> </center> Oh, I suppose I should also point you towards something I did last month. I captured and did a comparison of all the dolls from <b>SFV</b>. When the story mode launched, I was thrilled to see all twelve included. So, I did a <a href="http://slateman.net/images/gaming/sfv-dolls/">full gallery</a> of them from <b>SFV</b> and compared them to their <b>SFZ3</b> selves. I likely will have more doll art to come as I just found a gallery on my HDD from 2003. I haven't a clue who made them, I suspect they're not official, but it might be worth tossing on the site. For another day, perhaps! Enjoyo! <p><br> </td> </tr> </table> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%> <tr> <td class="test" width=95%><b class="date">20th April, 2016</b></td> <td class="test" width=5% align=right><a href="mailto:slateman@sfgalleries.net"> <img src="/sitepics/slateman.jpg" align=right border=0></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="news" colspan=2> <p><br> <p> There have been a bunch of housekeeping updates to the site over the last few weeks, none of which anyone would have noticed. I did finally separate the <a href="/art/pf/">Pocket Fighter</a> section from the <a href="/art/spf2x/">Super Puzzle Fighter II X</a> art section. The big addition was courtesy of <a href="http://www.spriters-resource.com/">The Spriter's Resource</a>. There's a full set of rips (= very low res) of the characters from <a href="/art/snk/svcpocket/">SNK Vs Capcom: Match Of The Millenium</a>. This is the <a href="/art/snk/svcpocket/series2/">second set of art</a> for this game and they're pretty cool. I wish I had a save game for this so to rip the rest of the game's animations (I captured <a href="http://slateman.net/images/gaming/gifs/sf/svc/">standing animations</a> ages ago.) In any event, here's a sample now. <p><br> <table bgcolor="#550000" align=center> <tr> <td class="head" colspan=4>SNK Vs Capcom<br>Match Of The Milennium</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="/art/snk/svcpocket/series2/"><img src="/art/snk/svcpocket/series2/ngpc-svc-gouki-01.png"></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/snk/svcpocket/series2/"><img src="/art/snk/svcpocket/series2/ngpc-svc-evilryu-01.png"></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/snk/svcpocket/series2/"><img src="/art/snk/svcpocket/series2/ngpc-svc-sakura-01.png"></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/snk/svcpocket/series2/"><img src="/art/snk/svcpocket/series2/ngpc-svc-zangief-01.png"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="/art/snk/svcpocket/series2/"><img src="/art/snk/svcpocket/series2/ngpc-svc-gouki-02.png"></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/snk/svcpocket/series2/"><img src="/art/snk/svcpocket/series2/ngpc-svc-evilryu-02.png"></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/snk/svcpocket/series2/"><img src="/art/snk/svcpocket/series2/ngpc-svc-sakura-02.png"></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/snk/svcpocket/series2/"><img src="/art/snk/svcpocket/series2/ngpc-svc-zangief-02.png"></a></td> </tr> </table> <p>Oh, and in related news, I also posted some new rips to <a href="http://www.slateman.net/">my site</a>. If you're interested, check out some <a href="http://slateman.net/images/gaming/gifs/sf/ws/">WonderSwan Pocket Fighter sprites</a> as well as <a href="http://slateman.net/images/gaming/gifs/sf/gbc/">GameBoy Street Fighter Zero GIFs</a>. <p><br> </td> </tr> </table> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%> <tr> <td class="test" width=95%><b class="date">12th March, 2016</b></td> <td class="test" width=5% align=right><a href="mailto:slateman@sfgalleries.net"> <img src="/sitepics/slateman.jpg" align=right border=0></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="news" colspan=2> <p><br> <p> After a slew of updates last autumn, it's been quiet around here. Right now, of course, it's all about <a href="/art/sf5/">Street Fighter V</a> and I'm thoroughly enjoying it. I've written <a href="http://www.slateman.net/faqs/">a few FAQs on SFV</a> as well BTW. <p>Alex will be released shortly and so I'll update the site with his art then, but otherwise I haven't much to share. Over at the <a href="http://www.capcom.co.jp/sfv/">Official Japanese SFV Site</a> they've got some updates on Kiki and Bengus, a pair of official <b>SF</b> artists. Normally I don't put lower-resolution art here, especially when it doesn't fit in any gallery. But Kiki's art of the twelve Dolls and a piece from the <B>SFV Vital Box</b> are both pretty cool and I thought I'd share. Until the DLC characters start rolling out, it'll remain quiet around here. <p> <table class="site" bgcolor="#550000" align=center> <tr> <td class="head" colspan=3>Street Fighter V: Kiki</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf5/sfv-kiki1.jpg"><img src="/art/sf5/sfv-kiki1.jpg" border=0 width=300></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="head" colspan=3>Street Fighter V: Bengus</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf5/sfv-bengus.jpg"><img src="/art/sf5/sfv-bengus.jpg" border=0 width=300></a></td> </tr> </table> <p>The pic of all 12 dolls is pretty cool and with the additional focus on them, both in artwork and in Cammy's story, I wouldn't be surprised if we see Decapre or even alternate outfit choices. <p>In addition, the special editions of the Japanese game have an awesome cover. Featuring two of the Battle Costumes (including Hot Ryu) it's spectacular. <p> <table class="site" bgcolor="#550000" align=center> <tr> <td class="head" colspan=3>Street Fighter V Cover</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf5/sfv-jpn-cover.jpg"><img src="/art/sf5/sfv-jpn-cover.jpg" border=0 width=250></a></td> </tr> </table> <p><br> </td> </tr> </table> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%> <tr> <td class="test" width=95%><b class="date">22nd September, 2015</b></td> <td class="test" width=5% align=right><a href="mailto:slateman@sfgalleries.net"> <img src="/sitepics/slateman.jpg" align=right border=0></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="news" colspan=2> <p><br> <p> This is another set of art that's been on the hard drive for some time. <a href="/art/sf-ps/">Street Fighter: Puzzle Spirits</a> is an Android/IOS puzzle game that came out about a year ago. While I've never gotten a chance to play this, the art is pretty solid! There is at least one more set of full art, but I don't have access to that unmarked. There are two galleries here and a pair of posters. All art is courtesy of the <a href="http://www.sf-puzzle.jp/pc/">the official site</a> and <a href="http://www.sosgamers.com/galerias/galeria-street-fighter-puzzle-spirits/">SOS Gamers</a>. Enjoy this awesome SD art! <P> <p><center> <a href="/art/sf-ps/"><img src="/art/sf-ps/logo-sfps_thumb.jpg"></a></center> <p> <table class="site" bgcolor="#550000" align=center> <tr> <td class="head" colspan=3>Street Fighter: Puzzle Spirits</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf-ps/series1/"><img src="/art/sf-ps/series1/sf-ps-vega_thumb.jpg" border=0></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf-ps/series2/"><img src="/art/sf-ps/sf-ps-series2_thumb.jpg" border=0></a></td> </tr> </table> <p>Oh, and I've added art for <a href="/art/sf5/sf5/">F.A.N.G. in SFV</a>. He's the sixteenth and last fighter confirmed for the initial roll-out of <b>Street Fighter V</b>. The six DLC fighters have been confirmed, though we're a long time away from them. Urien, Juri, Guile, Ibuki, M. Bison and Alex are coming. Alex is going to look utterly spectacular IMO. <p><br> </td> </tr> </table> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%> <tr> <td class="test" width=95%><b class="date">22nd September, 2015</b></td> <td class="test" width=5% align=right><a href="mailto:slateman@sfgalleries.net"> <img src="/sitepics/slateman.jpg" align=right border=0></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="news" colspan=2> <p><br> <p> I proclaimed in January that, "almost all of my art possibilities" had been exhausted and that the site was "nearly complete." Foolish me! Four new galleries in four days and I <b><i>could</i></b> do more but my wife has surgery tomorrow. She should take precedent. This gallery isn't the best quality but I've opted to include it for completion purposes and also because I quite like it! There was no one true source, though many were found over at the <a href="http://capcom.wikia.com/" target="top">Capcom Wiki</a>. Several are low resolution, Boman is missing and it is far from a perfect set. However, it was fun going through these and marveling at the caliber of art. I may toss up the second game, but that'll have to wait a day or two. <P> <table bgcolor="#550000" align=center> <tr> <td class="head" colspan=3>Rival Schools (Series 2)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="/art/rs/"><img src="/art/rs/series2/rs-sakura_thumb.png"></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/rs/"><img src="/art/rs/series2/rs-hayato_thumb.png"></a></td> </tr> </table> <p><br> </td> </tr> </table> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%> <tr> <td class="test" width=95%><b class="date">21st September, 2015</b></td> <td class="test" width=5% align=right><a href="mailto:slateman@sfgalleries.net"> <img src="/sitepics/slateman.jpg" align=right border=0></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="news" colspan=2> <p><br> <p> Three galleries in three days! Oh yeah! Today is <a href="/art/rs/">Rival Schools</a>. Carrying the <b>Legion Of Heroes</b> suffix in the east, it was renamed <b>United By Fate</b> in the west. I always liked this art even though I never really played the game ages ago. Looking back, I miss those days. <b>Capcom</b> was churning out titles but the artwork was top-notch and I miss the days where arcade fighters were king. Even in the late-90s, I couldn't foresee the genre dying out (outside of more urban markets, like where I live now). In any event, since Sakura is in this one, it's somewhat <b>SF</b> related. I love this art and while there's another gallery out there somewhere (I have it in my <b>All About Capcom Fighters: 1987-2000</b> book), I don't know if I'll get a full-res set any time soon. For now, gallery #114! <P> <table bgcolor="#550000" align=center> <tr> <td class="head" colspan=3>Rival Schools</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="/art/rs/"><img src="/art/rs/series1/rs-sakura_thumb.jpg"></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/rs/"><img src="/art/rs/series1/rs-raizo_thumb.jpg"></a></td> </tr> </table> <p><br> </td> </tr> </table> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%> <tr> <td class="test" width=95%><b class="date">20th September, 2015</b></td> <td class="test" width=5% align=right><a href="mailto:slateman@sfgalleries.net"> <img src="/sitepics/slateman.jpg" align=right border=0></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="news" colspan=2> <p><br> <p> Three updates in three days? Two new galleries? I may even have another for tomorrow! It's a good time! Well, since the <a href="/art/pxz/">Project X Zone gallery</a> was yesterday I figured I'd look to see when the second game was coming out. Oh, in two months! And the <a href="http://pxz2.bn-ent.net/" target="top">official site</a> has art on many of the new characters! How convenient! The downside is that some aren't available and that the returning characters from the first game have no new art at all. That sucks. So, Ryu, Chun-Li and Ken all have the same art. Well, it was worth updating as Bulleta and Felicia from <a href="/art/darkstalkers">Vampire / Darkstalkers</a> were part of this set. A minor addition, but it's gallery #113! <P> <table bgcolor="#550000" align=center> <tr> <td class="head" colspan=3>Project X Zone 2</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="/art/pxz2/"><img src="/art/pxz2/series1/pxz2-bulleta_thumb.jpg"></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/pxz2/"><img src="/art/pxz2/series1/pxz2-felicia_thumb.jpg"></a></td> </tr> </table> <p><br> </td> </tr> </table> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%> <tr> <td class="test" width=95%><b class="date">19th September, 2015</b></td> <td class="test" width=5% align=right><a href="mailto:slateman@sfgalleries.net"> <img src="/sitepics/slateman.jpg" align=right border=0></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="news" colspan=2> <p><br> <p> The 112th gallery on the site is dedicated to <a href="/art/pxz/">Project X Zone</a>, the <b>Namco</b> / <b>Sega</b> / <b>Capcom</b> crossover title from a few years ago. With a second game on the horizon I opted to gather up the resources. Sadly, they come from all over and this is a 'complete' set in the loosest sense. Some are high-res images, others are posters with text/graphics, others have text overlaying the fighter, others have backgrounds. It's an ugly set, but hey, it's got Ryu, Chun-Li, Ken, Juri and Seth, so I guess it's relevant. There's also a full character poster available. Enjoy! <P> <table bgcolor="#550000" align=center> <tr> <td class="head" colspan=3>Project X Zone</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="/art/pxz/"><img src="/art/pxz/series1/pxz-ryu_thumb.jpg"></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/pxz/"><img src="/art/pxz/series1/pxz-chun-li_thumb.jpg"></a></td> </tr> </table> <p><br> </td> </tr> </table> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%> <tr> <td class="test" width=95%><b class="date">18th September, 2015</b></td> <td class="test" width=5% align=right><a href="mailto:slateman@sfgalleries.net"> <img src="/sitepics/slateman.jpg" align=right border=0></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="news" colspan=2> <p><br> <p> Six weeks since my last update and three new <b>SFV</b> fighters revealed! The cast is looking interesting, truly, with several Zero characters returning. And...less common Zero characters. While <b>SFIV</b> got the Mad Gear/Final Fight gang going (Guy, Cody, Hugo, Poison, Rolento), Birdie, R. Mika and Karin are just weird choices in my opinion. The good news though is that there seems to be a lighthearted theme here. None are very serious (or serious looking) and so I expect the over-the-top nature of <b>Street Fighter</b> to be prevalent in part five. Now, we've seen 12 characters with four remaining (two new, two familiar). The pay model Capcom will be using is going to be curious...as we <b>KNOW</b> certain characters won't be left out. (Gouki won't be abandoned...as a standard character, at least) I just wonder if you'll earn in-game 'cash' to unlock later characters and if that 'cash' is a pain in the ass to earn. <p>Anyway, today we have art for Rainbow Mika, Rashid and Karin and I'm getting pretty psyched for <b>SFV</b>. Enjoy the high-res images! <P> <table bgcolor="#550000" align=center> <tr> <td class="head" colspan=3>SFV Reveals!</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf5/sf5/"><img src="/art/sf5/sf5/series1/sf5-rmika_thumb.jpg" width=150></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf5/sf5/"><img src="/art/sf5/sf5/series1/sf5-rashid_thumb.jpg" width=150></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf5/sf5/"><img src="/art/sf5/sf5/series1/sf5-karin_thumb.jpg" width=150></a></td> </tr> </table> <p><br> </td> </tr> </table> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%> <tr> <td class="test" width=95%><b class="date">6th August, 2015</b></td> <td class="test" width=5% align=right><a href="mailto:slateman@sfgalleries.net"> <img src="/sitepics/slateman.jpg" align=right border=0></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="news" colspan=2> <p><br> <p> Balrog has been announced for <a href="/art/sf5/sf5/">Street Fighter V</a> thus raising the known fighters to nine. Seven remain to be revealed, three of whom will be new. That leaves four familiar faces. They can't all be from <b>SFII</b> could they? I hope not! Though...let's face it, omitting Gouki would be a real surprise. And...the roster won't remain at 16, that's a certainty. Anyway, here's the art for Balrog (Vega) from <a href="http://www.capcom.co.jp/sfv/" target="top">Capcom Japan</a>. It's worth noting that <a href="http://www.shoryuken.com" target="top">Shoryuken</a> has the <a href="http://i0.wp.com/shoryuken.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/sfv-vega-4gamer-01.jpg" target="top">same art</a>, however in lower resolution (but without his name). I chose the higher res version for now. Oh, if only <b>SFV</b> weren't soooo far away! <P> <table bgcolor="#550000" align=center> <tr> <td class="head" colspan=3>SFV: Balrog!</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf5/sf5/"><img src="/art/sf5/sf5/series1/sf5-balrog_thumb.jpg"></a></td> </tr> </table> <p><br> </td> </tr> </table> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%> <tr> <td class="test" width=95%><b class="date">4th August, 2015</b></td> <td class="test" width=5% align=right><a href="mailto:slateman@sfgalleries.net"> <img src="/sitepics/slateman.jpg" align=right border=0></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="news" colspan=2> <p><br> <p> I was annoyed missing the final DLC for <b>USFIV</b>. So, I installed that stuff and captured another 44 screenshots. The <a href="/art/sf4/usf4/alt/">USFIV Alternate Outfits Gallery</a> is now complete, with five alternate costumes for the vanilla <b>SFIV</b> chars and four for <b>SSFIV</b>, <b>AE</b> and <b>USFIV</b> characters. That's 5x25 + 4x19 for a nice total of 201 separate images (plus thumbnails). Stupid endeavor indeed. <a href="/art/sf4/usf4/alt/">Check it out</a> if you care to. <P> <table bgcolor="#550000" align=center> <tr> <td class="head" colspan=3>Those I Missed</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf4/usf4/alt/"><img src="/art/sf4/usf4/alt/usf4-alt-chun-li-1_thumb.jpg"></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf4/usf4/alt/"><img src="/art/sf4/usf4/alt/usf4-alt-chun-li-2_thumb.jpg"></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf4/usf4/alt/"><img src="/art/sf4/usf4/alt/usf4-alt-chun-li-3_thumb.jpg"></a></td> </tr> </table> <table bgcolor="#550000" align=center> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf4/usf4/alt/"><img src="/art/sf4/usf4/alt/usf4-alt-chun-li-4_thumb.jpg"></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf4/usf4/alt/"><img src="/art/sf4/usf4/alt/usf4-alt-chun-li-5_thumb.jpg"></a></td> </tr> </table> <p><br> </td> </tr> </table> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%> <tr> <td class="test" width=95%><b class="date">1st August, 2015</b></td> <td class="test" width=5% align=right><a href="mailto:slateman@sfgalleries.net"> <img src="/sitepics/slateman.jpg" align=right border=0></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="news" colspan=2> <p><br> <p> Stupid endeavor #99 - Capture alternate outfits for all <b>Ultra Street Fighter IV</b> characters. Well, I'm missing some here, and I don't have the last DLC. However, I thought this was a cool gallery. It's like 5Mb for thumbnails alone, but that's OK. Larger shots exist for all - but I most certainly didn't check the links for all 150+ captures, just a FYI. In any event, here's a full (well, almost full) gallery of all the alternate outfits for all 44 characters in <b>SFIV</b>. <P> <table bgcolor="#550000" align=center> <tr> <td class="head" colspan=3>USFIV: Alternate Outfits</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf4/usf4/alt/"><img src="/art/sf4/usf4/alt/usf4-alt-hugo-1_thumb.jpg"></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf4/usf4/alt/"><img src="/art/sf4/usf4/alt/usf4-alt-hugo-2_thumb.jpg"></a></td> <td class="table"><a href="/art/sf4/usf4/alt/"><img src="/art/sf4/usf4/alt/usf4-alt-hugo-3_thumb.jpg"></a></td> </tr> </table> <p><br> </td> </tr> </table> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100%> <tr> <td class="test" width=95%><b class="date">Old Updates?</b></td> <td class="test" width=5% align=right><a href="mailto:slateman@sfgalleries.net"> <img src="/sitepics/slateman.jpg" align=right border=0></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="news" colspan=2> <p><br> Looking for older updates? Can't see why...but news bits dating bcak to 2003 <a href="/index-archives.shtml">can all can be found here</a>. <p><br> </td> </tr> </table> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width=752 class="site1" colspan=2> These pages © slateman - 2002-2022. <a href="/disclaimer/">do not steal</a> || <a href="/disclaimer/small/">why so small?</a> <br> </td> </tr> </table> </body> </html>

Street Fighter Galleries /\* Highlight Table Cells Script- Last updated: 99/01/21 © Dynamic Drive (www.dynamicdrive.com) For full source code, installation instructions, 100's more DHTML scripts, and Terms Of Use, visit dynamicdrive.com \*/ function changeto(highlightcolor){ source=event.srcElement if (source.tagName=="TR"||source.tagName=="TABLE") return while(source.tagName!="TD") source=source.parentElement if (source.style.backgroundColor!=highlightcolor&&source.id!="ignore") source.style.backgroundColor=highlightcolor } function changeback(originalcolor){ if (event.fromElement.contains(event.toElement)||source.contains(event.toElement)||source.id=="ignore") return if (event.toElement!=source) source.style.backgroundColor=originalcolor } | | | --- | | | | | | | --- | | | |[[Street Fighter](/art/sf/) |](/art/sf/) |[[Street Fighter II](/art/sf2/) |](/art/sf2/) |[[Street Fighter III](/art/sf3/) |](/art/sf3/) |[[Street Fighter IV](/art/sf4/) |](/art/sf4/) |[[Street Fighter V](/art/sf5/) |](/art/sf5/) |[[Street Fighter VI](/art/sf6/) |](/art/sf6/) | | |[[Street Fighter Zero](/art/sfa/) |](/art/sfa/) |[[Street Fighter Zero 2](/art/sfa2/) |](/art/sfa2/) |[[Street Fighter Zero 3](/art/sfa3/) |](/art/sfa3/) |[[Zero Anime](/art/sfalphamovie/) |](/art/sfalphamovie/) | | | |[[Street Fighter EX](/art/sfex/) |](/art/sfex/) |[[Street Fighter EX2](/art/sfex2/) |](/art/sfex2/) |[[Street Fighter EX3](/art/sfex3/) |](/art/sfex3/) | | |[[Marvel VS Games](/art/marvel/) |](/art/marvel/) |[[SNK VS Games](/art/snk/) |](/art/snk/) |[[SF x Tekken](/art/sfxt/) |](/art/sfxt/) |[[Tatsunoko VS Capcom](/art/tvc/) |](/art/tvc/) | | |[[Vampire](/art/vampire/vampire/) |](/art/vampire/vampire/) |[[Vampire Hunter](/art/vampire/vh/) |](/art/vampire/vh/) |[[Vampire Savior](/art/vampire/vs/) |](/art/vampire/vs/) |[[Vampire Chronicle](/art/vampire/vc/) |](/art/vampire/vc) |[[Vampire Resurrection](/art/vampire/resurrection/) |](/art/vampire/resurrection/) |[[Guest Appearances](/art/vampire/appearances.shtml) |](/art/vampire/appearances.shtml) |[[Logo Collection](/art/vampire/logos/) |](/art/vampire/logos/) | | |[[Street Fighter Duel](/art/sfduel/) |](/art/sfduel/) |[[Puzzle Fighter](/art/spf2x/) |](/art/spf2x/) |[[Pocket Fighter](/art/pf/) |](/art/pf/) |[[SF Comics](/art/comics/) |](/art/comics/) |[[Logo Collection](/art/logos/gallery/) |](/art/logos/gallery/) |[[Other Titles](/art/other) |](/art/other/) | | |[[Links](/links) |](/links/) |[[Game List](/games/) |](/games/) |[[Site Map](/games/progress) |](/games/progress/) | | | © 2002-2022[the slateman](mailto:slateman@sfgalleries.net) | | | | | | --- | --- | | **Welcome to SFG!** | | | **Street Fighter Galleries** covers artwork spanning the entire **SF** universe of games. From in-game captures to official artwork, **SFG** offers dozens of galleries, covering every game Ryu & co. have ever appeared in. Check the [Site Map](/games/progress/) for a full listing of **SF** games. In addition to the regular **SF** series of games, the site also caters to many other **Capcom** fighting games. This includes the entire [Marvel Vs Series](/art/marvel/), [SNK Vs Series, [Other Titles](/art/other/) such as **Pocket Fighter** and **Capcom All-Stars** and much more. I also put together a [Complete SF Game List](/games/). Finally, please also note the [Links Page](/links/). Much of the art found on this site came from other pages. In all cases I've given a link in the index as well as in the art page. If you like any of the art here, please check out the sites from where the art came!](/art/snk/) | | | | | | | --- | --- | | **15th June, 2022** | | | If the rumors are true, there was a bit of a hiccup in the development of **Street Fighter VI** a few years back. The title was reportedly not received favorably internally which led to both a delay and a final, fifth season of **SFV**. While Capcom never verified these rumblings, we know there's at least *some* evidence of the validity. On the one hand, there was a massive shift in **SFV** and its final year of development. On the other, Capcom's unveiling of **SFVI** was a tremendous success, showing off a highly-polished product despite being months away from release. It's simply astonishing how well the sixth numbered entry was presented. Well-thought-out mechanics, a unified style, a flashy presentation and the promise of a complete package all have gotten Capcom back in the good graces of fighting-game fans the world over. After six full years of **SFV**, it's time to move on and I'm excited about the future. The next news I expect to hear will be at Evo in early August. After the deluge of information and videos, it'll be quiet for a short time. However, I fully anticipate a steady stream as autumn rolls around. For today, I'm posting the first official art from the game, showing the five confirmed fighters. (The leaked cast is a whole different story!) Enjoy the first entry into the [Street Fighter VI galleries](/art/sf6/)! | | | --- | | Street Fighter VI | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | | **26th January, 2022** | | | Another year, more art and another international move. After some time, i've managed to get all [129 arcade-mode endings](/art/sf5/sf5/arcade/index.shtml) and all [179 special endings](/art/sf5/sf5/arcade/endings-special.shtml) are now on the site. I'm thrilled to have completed the whole lot as of season five, with 308 endings over five seasons. Below are some samples of some of my favorite lady-centric illustrations. | | | --- | | Street Fighter V Special Endings | | | | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | | **25th April, 2021** | | | Back when the **30th Anniversary Collection** hit Japan, several bonus items shipped alongside of it, likely to help entice gamers after they had to wait an additional six months for it to arrive. One such item was a set of tarot cards with **SF** faces adorning them, all with spectacular art. Of course, these sold out immediately, but with Rose's entrance to [Street Fighter V](/art/sf5/), we got a full set of these cards. There are 22 base entries, numbering 0-21, with an additional two to round it all out. These look just phenomenal and it makes this set the 154th gallery on this site. Just remarkable. These were all taken from [Monkeygigabuster's post on Reddit](https://www.reddit.com/r/StreetFighter/comments/mw40vu/ingame_texture_of_roses_tarot_card_for_those_who/). Enjoy the sample below. I'll be moving across the Atlantic again soon, so I'll likely be quiet for a while. | | | --- | | Street Fighter V Tarot Cards | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | | **20th March, 2021** | | | Two updates in a month! Fancy that! I finally got around to tossing together a [Street Fighter Duel](/art/sfduel/) gallery. This Chinese-only mobile game features some utterly-spectacular art and it was time to get that represented on the site. I have a bevvy of other art from the game, all torn from the [official site](https://jieba.qq.com/cp/a20191010yuyue/index_pc.html). However, none of these are complete enough to warrant inclusion. Just a quick update today - enjoy the samples of this fabulous art. Oh, and one final note - I captured Dan's [arcade endings](/art/sf5/sf5/arcade/) and [special endings](/art/sf5/sf5/arcade/endings-special.shtml) making that gallery 100% complete again...at least until Rose's arrival! | | | --- | | Street Fighter Duel | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | | **7th March, 2021** | | | Today's update is entirely related to **Street Fighter III**. All three major games were updated with higher-res source art and the galleries themselves were cleaned up, sorted and niceified. Starting with [New Generation](/art/sf3/sf3/), you'll find there are an impressive **10 galleries** there now! Short version: it's all fixed up now and I added a pair of new galleries there: win and loss sprites. Ripping these from the original arcade games, I did palette swaps for every fighter in both **NG** and **2I**. Combining them means that each gallery has over every color for every fighter. The [Win Poses section](/art/sf3/sf3/win/) features 145 images - roughly 12 colors for each character (6 for **2I** fighters and 9 for Yun & Yang. Just 1 for Gill). The [Loss Poses section](/art/sf3/sf3/win/loss.shtml) has an additional half dozen thanks to Gouki's censored blood. Thus, I fixed up the [2nd Impact](/art/sf3/sf3-2i/) page with new art, collapsing the old art into its proper gallery in [New Generation](/art/sf3/sf3/series3/). Finally, [3rd Strike](/art/sf3/sf3-3s/) has been improved. No new material, but higher-quality source art. Remarkably, this brings the site's tally up to an astonishing **150 galleries**! It's taken almost 20 years - but it's been well worth it, if you ask me. There's never been an ad on the site too! If you're feeling grateful, consider purchasing [Street Fighter Compendium: A Definitive History](https://streetfightercompendium.com/), my massive, 250+ page tome on the **Street Fighter** franchise! Until then, some samples. | | | --- | | Win Poses | | | | | | | | --- | | Loss Poses | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | | **23rd January, 2021** | | | This site turns 19 years old next month and the art continues to flow. Today's update includes a bunch of [Street Fighter V](/art/sf5/sf5/) material. First up is a huge update to the [Renders gallery](/art/sf5/sf5/renders/). This includes all the alternate costumes for all 40 fighters and stands at a whopping 346 images. New updates are credited to [Biachunli over at Reddit](https://www.reddit.com/r/StreetFighter/comments/czffql/street_fighter_v_renders/) and I just culled through his posts to include only the unique outfits. That's a lot of costumes! Continuing with the **SFV** love, **DavidPN** helped me a great deal in collecting all the [arcade-mode endings](/art/sf5/sf5/arcade/) as I hadn't updated that section in two years. Together we filled in the blanks which now totals 117 endings both with and without captions. Our supplier is French, so some of the new captioned ones are in his native tongue. But that's not all! He also provided a number of [arcade special endings](/art/sf5/sf5/arcade/endings-special.shtml) which motivated me to finish off that gallery too! There are 170 individual images there making the **SFV** pages the most expansive game section on the site (don't forget the [Profiles section](/art/sf5/sf5/profiles/) which hosts an additional 250 pics!) It's kind of crazy how much is in there. | | | --- | | Street Fighter V Endings | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | | **31st October, 2020** | | | I forgot about some other updates in my big post from yesterday. In addition to all that work, all three **Street Fighter EX** sections were overhauled entirely. Let's see: The first [Street Fighter EX](/art/sfex/) has completely new galleries of all fighters, including the EX+ and EX+A fighters as well. Both galleries were done by Bengus and these represent some of my favorite art the series has ever seen. [Street Fighter EX2](/art/sfex2/) and **EX2 Plus** also got brand-new updates, replacing terrible, low-quality items from the early 2000s. Two galleries are present here with all 24 fighters from the arcade upgrade. I actually merged two galleries together in this process, thus losing one in my total site tally. [Street Fighter EX3](/art/sfex3/) has no new art, as I had a great gallery from ages ago, but I updated the thumbnails. As this site was from a different era (launched in 2002), I used to keep thumbnails very small due to bandwidth concerns. No big deal nowadays! Anyhow, the **EX** series holds a special place in my heart, and I'm glad to update these galleries with some better-quality versions. The search continues, however, as not all of these are the best. | | | | --- | --- | | Street Fighter EX | Street Fighter EX2 | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | | **30th October, 2020** | | | 2020 will be a year long remembered as being fraught with plight and woe. However, in the midst of a plague, quarantines and re-openings, this site has received a surprising amount of love. I've been holding off on making an announcement about all the updates, but by doing so, I've forgotten some of the tremendous amount of work that's been done! Working from the most recent backwards, I totally redid all the **Vampire / Darkstalkers** pages. Each has been expanded with some key art/posters, revamped galleries and updated descriptions. I launched this section way back in early 2004 thinking I'd "exhausted most of my options when it comes to SF art." How foolish was I? So, for [Vampire / Darkstalkers](/art/vampire/vampire/) we've got a [new series of Bengus art](/art/vampire/vampire/series1/) and another highlighting [background stage concept art](/art/vampire/vampire/stages/). For [Vampire Hunter / Night Warriors](/art/vampire/vh/), just a pair of official artworks follow the already-expansive section. For [Vampire Savior](/art/vampire/vs/), I greatly detailed the individual entries, much like in [2012 FAQ for the series](http://slateman.net/faqs/vampire_savior.txt). This details all the unique revisions. Here, I also included several new pieces of key art, the iconic [Bengus character artwork](/art/vampire/vs/series1/), a selection of [background stage concept art](/art/vampire/vs/stages/) and an overly-unnecessary [win-portrait palette swap set](/art/vampire/vs/portrait2/) containing 146 unique sprites. | | | --- | | Lei-Lei | | | | | | | | | | | [Vampire Chronicle](/art/vampire/vc/) got a small update with revised art and [the Logo Collection](/art/vampire/logos/) was expanded with explanations and new, higher-res captures where necessary. I still have some I can add to these galleries. Over the summer, I dove into my favorite **Street Fighter** sub-franchise: **Zero / Alpha**. The first [Street Fighter Zero](/art/sfa/) has five new pieces of high-res art and two series of updated art ([one](http://sfgalleries.net/art/sfa/series2/) and [two](http://sfgalleries.net/art/sfa/series3/)). These new pieces are much-needed replacements for decades-old scans. In this and many others cases, I didn't replace thumbnails, but the full art, often in PNG format, is in the 1000 x 2000 pixel range - far better than my old entries! [Zero 2](/art/sfa2/), the best ever, received six posters and [one updated gallery](http://sfgalleries.net/art/sfa2/series2/). Moving on to [Zero 3](/art/sfa3/) - I never finished with key art, but [Series 2](/art/sfa3/series2/), [Series 3a](/art/sfa3/series3a/) and [Series 4](/art/sfa3/series4/) all got updates. That may be all - I don't know. My [Site Map](/games/progress/) tells me I'm at 148 galleries. I surpassed 100 back in early 2013 when the site was turning a meager 11 years old. This coming February will mark the 19th anniversary and never once has an ad graced these galleries. I do hope you enjoy this art and if you're interested in the history behind all these games, consider my [Street Fighter Compendium: A Definitive History](https://streetfightercompendium.com/) book which is now on sale in Kindle format as well! | | | --- | | Zero & Zero 2 Key Art | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | | **13th May, 2020** | | | Just a reminder of my [newly-published Street Fighter Compendium: A Definitive History](http://streetfightercompendium.com/) book from March. The book is an absolute beast, packed with thousands of images, screenshots, promotional materiala, comparisons and a detailed history. There are no new galleries today but I've updated the [Street Fighter V Renders](/art/sf5/sf5/renders/) page with scores of new entries. This brings the gallery up to a whopping 287 images! This gallery is missing a handful of outfits, but it appears [Capcom's CFN](https://game.capcom.com/cfn/sfv/) isn't updating with new costume renders. I suppose 287 will have to suffice!!! | | | | --- | --- | | Book Cover | SFV Renders | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | | **29th March, 2020** | | | I have just published [Street Fighter Compendium: A Definitive History](http://streetfightercompendium.com/) - a 250-page book covering every entry into the **Street Fighter** franchise. This is available in both paperback through **Amazon** all over the world and also on PDF for those who prefer that format. This book is phenomenal and really is a must-have for any fan of the series. Feel free to check out [a quick flipthrough video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hTswDWHMi18) I made. **Street Fighter Galleries** turned 18 sometime in the last two months. In that time, I've moved from New York to Maine to Sweden to Italy. This franchise has been part of my life since I was 12; I am now 44. While the site has quite the comprehensive collection of art, I've opted to upload something new for this update. Taking sprite backgrounds from [Street Fighter III](/art/sf3/), I've gone and upscaled them to show off their insane details. While I'd done this in the past and also posted non-upscaled backgrounds [on my personal site](http://slateman.net/images/gaming/backgrounds/), this was my first effort to do an entire set. So, what we have is most of the stages from [Street Fighter III: New Generation](/art/sf3/sf3/stages/) and all of the backdrops from both [SFIII: 2nd Impact](/art/sf3/sf3-2i/stages/) and [SFIII: 3rd Strike](/art/sf3/sf3-3s/stages/). All are upscaled and look simply remarkable. These include most alternates as well - like day/night swaps, though again, certain ones are missing from the first entry. I hope you are faring well in this time of global lockdowns and pandemic strife. We're almost three weeks locked entirely down. Looking forward to things improving in the coming weeks! | | | --- | | SFIII Stage Backgrounds | | Street Fighter III: New Generation | | | | Street Fighter III: 2nd Impact | | | | Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike | | | | | | | | --- | --- | | **3rd January, 2020** | | | As the site approaches its 18th anniversary, it's remarkable that new content remains to upload! The other day, while working on my book, I did a routine search on my HDD which yielded some older **Vampire Hunter (Night Warriors)** art I never put up! Amazing! So, the usual thing happened: I ended up doing way too much work, updating new galleries, and recapturing old ones! As I head up north for the weekend, just outside of Rome, I'll do a quick update with these new galleries. The first is an old one where I've captured alternate colors. [These captures](/art/vampire/vh/portrait2/) have eight of each color and are the usual excessive nonsense. The [old gallery remains on the site](/art/vampire/vh/portrait/). Galleries 2 and 3 are just phenomenal. These are official galleries from both Ikeno and Bengus. Just check them out, they're worth it. This brings the site up to 140 galleries. Just amazing! | | | --- | | Vampire Hunter | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | | **27th June, 2019** | | | Who would have thought that, after 14 months of radio silence, a pair of updates would arrive in the span of one week? Not only a pair of updates, but one revamped page and four new ones! Part of it is that I will be without a PC until September. I move in 11 days - yet another blind leap to a nation I've never even once visited. And so why not blast out a few galleries - both old and new! So today I am writing about the inclusion of a bevy of new galleries. **\*Takes deep breath\***. With the newly-cleaned-up [SNK Versus Games page](/art/snk/), I was bothered by the absence of some games. I went through [SNK Vs. Capcom: Card Fighters 2 - Expand Edition](/art/snk/card2/) and...Why not go through the Neo Geo Pocket Color's final game and rip all 160 cards? It was a silly endeavor but totally worth it. These come from the fan-translated ROM which results in some minor name tweaks. As it never was released outside of Japan, this will have to do - and I cannot complain! This is a great gallery. It then continues to the series finale. [SNK Vs. Capcom: Card Fighters DS](/art/snk/card3/) was the last game in the crossover franchise. This time there were *only* 150 cards, but these are in a higher resolution and, using the American ROM, contain all the Western names. Unsurprisingly, these look phenomenal as well. The next galleries are sets of very old artwork which have been residing on the HDD for over seven years. First is for [Ultimate Marvel Vs. Capcom 3](/art/marvel/umvc3/). The upgraded title contains ridiculously-high-res art, many full-size PNGs clocking in at several Mb each. All 51 characters are here in what is likely the largest gallery on this entire site. Next up was [Tatsunoko Vs. Capcom](/art/tvc/). There are two new galleries for this title and its home translation as well as three posters. The images are pretty high-res and while I don't particularly love the art itself, it's nice to finally get these on the site. But it doesn't end there! The fighters from [Vampire / Darkstalkers](/art/vampire/) made some [appearances in other titles](/art/vampire/appearances.shtml). There are two games: [Cross Edge](/art/misc/xedge/) and [Onimusha Soul](/art/misc/onimusha-soul/). The characters were mostly females, but the full artwork is really excellent and I only really thought of it after flipping through Udon's excellent **Official Complete Works** book. Thought that was it? Silly you! Six galleries down and two more to go. With fewer and fewer games left uncovered, I dove back into the world of **Final Fight**. I've tossed galleries up for both [Final Fight Revenge](/art/ff/ffr/) and [Mighty Final Fight](/art/ff/mff/). Each comes from the now-defunct **Arcade Gear**, one of my favorite sites from back in the day. Eight galleries enough? That brings the [grand tally to 136](/games/progress/). If I take a few months off to move, I think I can be forgiven, especially since this is the largest single update in over six years. | | | | | --- | --- | | **20th June, 2019** | | | OK, while it truly has been a long time since my last update, I have a good excuse. First off, I've written two books. The first is dedicated to [the Tony Hawk line of videogames](https://www.tonyhawksgamingdomination.com/) while the second is on [The Street Fighter Zero / Alpha series](https://www.streetfightercompendium.com/). The latter will eventually be combined into a super-book containing info on every **SF** ever released. It's kind of crazy. And so, my time has been solely given to those projects and this site remained on the backburner. It's not all bad - this site is doing just fine without regular maintenance! However, today, before another move interrupts my life again, I've opted to update the [SNK Versus Games Galleries](/art/snk/). The section has been brought up-to-date with the likes of other series, and has logos and info on each and every versus title between the two companies. In addition, I've finally gotten around to updating the site with [Tatsunoko Vs. Capcom art](/art/tvc/). The decade-old game never quite reached the prominence of the mainline games or versus titles but it's worth including on the site! A pair of galleries exist with a slightly different roster of fighters. | | | --- | | Tatsunoko Vs. Capcom | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | | **2nd April, 2018** | | | The collection of endings in **SFV: AE** made one gallery a bit unwieldy. I have, therefore, split the galleries into two: The first contains [each character's ending](/art/sf5/sf5/arcade/) in its comic-book style. These are now broken down by character rather than by game. Caption-free art is coupled with the full set of text-overlaid images. The entire set is complete up to Blanka, and will be updated with the remaining five characters as they are released. The second gallery contains [special endings](/art/sf5/sf5/arcade/endings-special.shtml). This section is comprised of new and legacy artwork and has some truly remarkable stuff. Thus, there's really nothing particularly **new** here, though these sections have been continually updated since **AE's** arrival several months ago. As always, enjoy! | | | | | --- | --- | | **28th January, 2018** | | | With the arrival of **SFV: AE**, I've been sucked back into the game and its new arcade mode offers an insane amount of new art. Over 200 endings are present, a number sure to grow as season 3 progresses. My newest insane endeavor is to collect all of these pieces of art, captured at full 1920x1280 (thus the large file sizes and slow load times, FYI). I've reached out for help and many have aided, all credited in [the gallery itself](/art/sf5/sf5/arcade/). A number of these are arcade comic-style panels, but alongside some classic, legacy artwork resides a plethora of insanely-awesome new artwork. My goal is to collect all of these. If you can help, please let me know. It's tough choosing some samples, but here are just a few of the dozens I have on there already. Enjoy! | | | --- | | SFV: AE | | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | | **22nd October, 2017** | | | Some inspiration drove me to upload yet another gallery today, Last month's [Marvel Vs. Capcom Infinite](/art/marvel/mvci/) arrived with a decent set of art and I've included all that's currently available. This gallery contains the 30 base characters and a handful of the first set of DLC fighters. This brings the site's total galleries to 125, rather impressive! I'd like to get some more up eventually...think there are some stragglers on the HDD. Here are a few samples from the high-res [MVCI full-body action shots](/art/marvel/mvci/series1/)! | | | --- | | MVCI | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | | **22nd October, 2017** | | | The news of **Street Fighter V: Arcade Edition** wasn't a surprise, but it's damn exciting! Today I've updated the [Street Fighter V page](/art/sf5) with a few things. First is the logo for the new AE release. Second is a pretty [kick-ass poster](/art/sf5/sf5/sfv-poster2_big.jpg) for the title. Finally, thanks to [Damastah101 over at Reddit](https://www.reddit.com/r/StreetFighter/comments/6pzelu/sfv_character_rendersall_outfits_extracted_from/), we've got scores of [costume renders](/art/sf5/sf5/renders/) for all characters. These are all pretty cool and there are sure to be dozens more to come! | | | --- | | | | | | | | --- | --- | | **4th September, 2017** | | | It's been a long while but I've got plenty going on. I'm 90% of the way through my Tony Hawk book and I just may have a **SF** one brewing for afterwards. In fact, I'm thinking of doing a few...but that's a different story. Today's update isn't even a full gallery...yet. It seems Capcom is putting together a new **Puzzle Fighter**, this time with a more abbreviated titles. It's looking like a mobile-only F2P game which will certainly look nice but I'm always leery of those F2P games. In any event I thought I'd toss up the logo and whenever the full art set rolls in, I'll have to set up another gallery to go alongside [the existing ones](/art/spf2x/). Until then, enjoy the new logo! | | | --- | | | | | | | | --- | --- | | **25th January, 2017** | | | There are a few minor updates still brewing, but in my research to update the outdated [Game List](/games/), I came across some info and artwork. **Street Fighter: Battle Combination** is a mobile-only "port" of **SFIV**. It's pretty standard fare for a mobile game and the roster is almost entirely made up of **SFIV** characters...with the exception of one. Capcom decided to toss R. Mika in there and in matching her artwork with the rest of the gang, they had someone redo her classic [SFZ3 portrait](http://sfgalleries.net/art/sfa3/series2/sfz3-mika_big.jpg). It's a truly unnecessary addition to the site. The left is her Zero 3 art and the middle pic is the new one. I am tossing that up as well as the Sakura load screen image just because. | | | --- | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | R. Mika (SFZ3) | R. Mika (SFBC) | Sakura (Load Screen) | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | | **14th January, 2017** | | | I failed to post the new image **Capcom** made for **USF2**. It's a Bengus illustration made in the same style of his [SSFII](/art/sf2/ssf2/) poster from over 20 years ago. It's actually pretty cool and features Evil Ryu, Violent Ken and Gouki, none of whom were present in the original release. I'm actually kind of excited about this title, despite its fundamental flaws. I'm really not expecting much, so any bone they could toss us would be great. However, if the price tag, roughly $40 equivalent to the Japanese price, is true, screw that. I'm hoping for a PS4 port anyways. $40? That's laughable. So, I updated the [USFII](/art/sf2/usf2/) section with the new poster and then went back to fix up some other sections. First I added a poster to [Marvel Super Heroes](/art/msh/) I'd been meaning to get to. Then I fixed up the [Logos Gallery](/art/logos/gallery/) with some new items (I never posted about **Marvel Vs. Capcom Infinite** here yet!) So, two posters and some housekeeping today. :) More to come! | | | --- | | New Posters | | USFII Poster | MSH Poster | | | | Oh, if you wanted to compare the two posters, I tossed them side-by-side just for giggles. I think it's a cool update to this classic poster. Of course, the Super characters were removed for the redesign. Kind of neat. | | | | | --- | --- | | **13th January, 2017** | | | ...and you thought they were done! Nope! More than 25 years after **SFII** launches, we're getting *another* version! This entry, titled **Ultra Street Fighter II: The Final Challengers** is a Nintendo Switch exclusive title and it adds a pair of 'new' fighters: Evil Ryu and Violent Ken. The former has been around since [Street Fighter Zero 2](/art/sfa2/) back in '96, but the latter only appeared in the SNK-developed [SNK Vs. Capcom: Chaos](http://sfgalleries.net/art/snk/svc/) in 2003. This game appears to be just a slight makeover of 2008's [Super Street Fighter II Turbo: HD Remix](http://sfgalleries.net/art/sf2/ssf2thd/). It'll feature the classic sprites or the HD visuals and it adds a two-vs-CPU Dramatic Mode. Release date and pricing have yet to be announced. Therefore, all I have today is a logo but you can take a peek at some screenshots over at [Capcom Unity](http://www.capcom-unity.com/harrisony/blog/2017/01/12/ultra-street-fighter-ii-is-coming-to-nintendo-switch). Oh, and I arrived in Sweden back in September. I had a full update prepared for **Tatsunoko Vs. Capcom** but a HDD failure means I have to start from scratch. I endeavor to get to that gallery sometime shortly. Happy New Year! | | | --- | | USFII: The Final Challengers | | | | | | | | --- | --- | | **25th August, 2016** | | | **Capcom's** [CFN](http://game.capcom.com/cfn/sfv/columnlist.html) site began, several months ago, uploading character profiles for scores of individuals in the **SF** world. These span from the obvious fighters to relatives like Guile's daughter to the ever-popular Peter Zonta. From Retsu and Goutetsu to Dudley's butler and even Ibuki's pet raccoon. The entire Mad Gear gang and the fighters from the cancelled [Capcom Fighting All Stars](/art/cfas/) were also included as well as alternate, unused costumes in **SFV**. As of this writing there are almost 200 characters on top of the cast of **SFV**. It's ludicrous. I debated, for quite some time, whether or not this would fit on this site and since it's excessive and nonsensical and entirely unnecessary, the answer of course was yes. Therefore this gallery will be ever-evolving (while my drive to update it continues) but it's kind of cool seeing them all together. Just note two things: First, with all those images, the section may take a bit to load up, particularly on slower connections. Second, I'm moving to Sweden in about three weeks, so while things get shuffled around, I may be slow updating these. I'll likely be without my PC until almost November. Anyways, enjoy this. It's fun and silly. | | | --- | | SFV Profiles | | Satsuki | Geki | Female Blanka | Azam | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | | **22nd August, 2016** | | | Today's update covers the 1995 **Capcom** fighter [Cyberbots](/art/cyberbots/). I really only wanted to get a sprite of Z-Gouki and that, of course, turned into a full capturing/editing process. (I did get both colors of Z-Gouki ripped, BTW) Anyhow, I ended up capturing three galleries from the arcade version along with some PS1 editing. Then I utilized the wonderful [Arcade Gear](http://www.arcade-gear.com/) to finish out the section with some official art. The gallery total is now up to 122 and I've linked all four galleries here for your samples. Enjoy the low-resolution, 20-year-old art! | | | --- | | Cyberbots: Fullmetal Madness | | Selection Screen | Profiles | | | | | | | | --- | --- | | Endings | Official Art | | | | Oh, and here are your Z-Gouki sprites. Just the standing pose for both colors. Full standing animations would be **way** too much work! Oh, I suppose I should also point you towards something I did last month. I captured and did a comparison of all the dolls from **SFV**. When the story mode launched, I was thrilled to see all twelve included. So, I did a [full gallery](http://slateman.net/images/gaming/sfv-dolls/) of them from **SFV** and compared them to their **SFZ3** selves. I likely will have more doll art to come as I just found a gallery on my HDD from 2003. I haven't a clue who made them, I suspect they're not official, but it might be worth tossing on the site. For another day, perhaps! Enjoyo! | | | | | --- | --- | | **20th April, 2016** | | | There have been a bunch of housekeeping updates to the site over the last few weeks, none of which anyone would have noticed. I did finally separate the [Pocket Fighter](/art/pf/) section from the [Super Puzzle Fighter II X](/art/spf2x/) art section. The big addition was courtesy of [The Spriter's Resource](http://www.spriters-resource.com/). There's a full set of rips (= very low res) of the characters from [SNK Vs Capcom: Match Of The Millenium](/art/snk/svcpocket/). This is the [second set of art](/art/snk/svcpocket/series2/) for this game and they're pretty cool. I wish I had a save game for this so to rip the rest of the game's animations (I captured [standing animations](http://slateman.net/images/gaming/gifs/sf/svc/) ages ago.) In any event, here's a sample now. | | | --- | | SNK Vs CapcomMatch Of The Milennium | | | | | | | | | | | Oh, and in related news, I also posted some new rips to [my site](http://www.slateman.net/). If you're interested, check out some [WonderSwan Pocket Fighter sprites](http://slateman.net/images/gaming/gifs/sf/ws/) as well as [GameBoy Street Fighter Zero GIFs](http://slateman.net/images/gaming/gifs/sf/gbc/). | | | | | --- | --- | | **12th March, 2016** | | | After a slew of updates last autumn, it's been quiet around here. Right now, of course, it's all about [Street Fighter V](/art/sf5/) and I'm thoroughly enjoying it. I've written [a few FAQs on SFV](http://www.slateman.net/faqs/) as well BTW. Alex will be released shortly and so I'll update the site with his art then, but otherwise I haven't much to share. Over at the [Official Japanese SFV Site](http://www.capcom.co.jp/sfv/) they've got some updates on Kiki and Bengus, a pair of official **SF** artists. Normally I don't put lower-resolution art here, especially when it doesn't fit in any gallery. But Kiki's art of the twelve Dolls and a piece from the **SFV Vital Box** are both pretty cool and I thought I'd share. Until the DLC characters start rolling out, it'll remain quiet around here. | | | --- | | Street Fighter V: Kiki | | | | Street Fighter V: Bengus | | | The pic of all 12 dolls is pretty cool and with the additional focus on them, both in artwork and in Cammy's story, I wouldn't be surprised if we see Decapre or even alternate outfit choices. In addition, the special editions of the Japanese game have an awesome cover. Featuring two of the Battle Costumes (including Hot Ryu) it's spectacular. | | | --- | | Street Fighter V Cover | | | | | | | | --- | --- | | **22nd September, 2015** | | | This is another set of art that's been on the hard drive for some time. [Street Fighter: Puzzle Spirits](/art/sf-ps/) is an Android/IOS puzzle game that came out about a year ago. While I've never gotten a chance to play this, the art is pretty solid! There is at least one more set of full art, but I don't have access to that unmarked. There are two galleries here and a pair of posters. All art is courtesy of the [the official site](http://www.sf-puzzle.jp/pc/) and [SOS Gamers](http://www.sosgamers.com/galerias/galeria-street-fighter-puzzle-spirits/). Enjoy this awesome SD art! | | | --- | | Street Fighter: Puzzle Spirits | | | | Oh, and I've added art for [F.A.N.G. in SFV](/art/sf5/sf5/). He's the sixteenth and last fighter confirmed for the initial roll-out of **Street Fighter V**. The six DLC fighters have been confirmed, though we're a long time away from them. Urien, Juri, Guile, Ibuki, M. Bison and Alex are coming. Alex is going to look utterly spectacular IMO. | | | | | --- | --- | | **22nd September, 2015** | | | I proclaimed in January that, "almost all of my art possibilities" had been exhausted and that the site was "nearly complete." Foolish me! Four new galleries in four days and I ***could*** do more but my wife has surgery tomorrow. She should take precedent. This gallery isn't the best quality but I've opted to include it for completion purposes and also because I quite like it! There was no one true source, though many were found over at the [Capcom Wiki](http://capcom.wikia.com/). Several are low resolution, Boman is missing and it is far from a perfect set. However, it was fun going through these and marveling at the caliber of art. I may toss up the second game, but that'll have to wait a day or two. | | | --- | | Rival Schools (Series 2) | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | | **21st September, 2015** | | | Three galleries in three days! Oh yeah! Today is [Rival Schools](/art/rs/). Carrying the **Legion Of Heroes** suffix in the east, it was renamed **United By Fate** in the west. I always liked this art even though I never really played the game ages ago. Looking back, I miss those days. **Capcom** was churning out titles but the artwork was top-notch and I miss the days where arcade fighters were king. Even in the late-90s, I couldn't foresee the genre dying out (outside of more urban markets, like where I live now). In any event, since Sakura is in this one, it's somewhat **SF** related. I love this art and while there's another gallery out there somewhere (I have it in my **All About Capcom Fighters: 1987-2000** book), I don't know if I'll get a full-res set any time soon. For now, gallery #114! | | | --- | | Rival Schools | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | | **20th September, 2015** | | | Three updates in three days? Two new galleries? I may even have another for tomorrow! It's a good time! Well, since the [Project X Zone gallery](/art/pxz/) was yesterday I figured I'd look to see when the second game was coming out. Oh, in two months! And the [official site](http://pxz2.bn-ent.net/) has art on many of the new characters! How convenient! The downside is that some aren't available and that the returning characters from the first game have no new art at all. That sucks. So, Ryu, Chun-Li and Ken all have the same art. Well, it was worth updating as Bulleta and Felicia from [Vampire / Darkstalkers](/art/darkstalkers) were part of this set. A minor addition, but it's gallery #113! | | | --- | | Project X Zone 2 | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | | **19th September, 2015** | | | The 112th gallery on the site is dedicated to [Project X Zone](/art/pxz/), the **Namco** / **Sega** / **Capcom** crossover title from a few years ago. With a second game on the horizon I opted to gather up the resources. Sadly, they come from all over and this is a 'complete' set in the loosest sense. Some are high-res images, others are posters with text/graphics, others have text overlaying the fighter, others have backgrounds. It's an ugly set, but hey, it's got Ryu, Chun-Li, Ken, Juri and Seth, so I guess it's relevant. There's also a full character poster available. Enjoy! | | | --- | | Project X Zone | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | | **18th September, 2015** | | | Six weeks since my last update and three new **SFV** fighters revealed! The cast is looking interesting, truly, with several Zero characters returning. And...less common Zero characters. While **SFIV** got the Mad Gear/Final Fight gang going (Guy, Cody, Hugo, Poison, Rolento), Birdie, R. Mika and Karin are just weird choices in my opinion. The good news though is that there seems to be a lighthearted theme here. None are very serious (or serious looking) and so I expect the over-the-top nature of **Street Fighter** to be prevalent in part five. Now, we've seen 12 characters with four remaining (two new, two familiar). The pay model Capcom will be using is going to be curious...as we **KNOW** certain characters won't be left out. (Gouki won't be abandoned...as a standard character, at least) I just wonder if you'll earn in-game 'cash' to unlock later characters and if that 'cash' is a pain in the ass to earn. Anyway, today we have art for Rainbow Mika, Rashid and Karin and I'm getting pretty psyched for **SFV**. Enjoy the high-res images! | | | --- | | SFV Reveals! | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | | **6th August, 2015** | | | Balrog has been announced for [Street Fighter V](/art/sf5/sf5/) thus raising the known fighters to nine. Seven remain to be revealed, three of whom will be new. That leaves four familiar faces. They can't all be from **SFII** could they? I hope not! Though...let's face it, omitting Gouki would be a real surprise. And...the roster won't remain at 16, that's a certainty. Anyway, here's the art for Balrog (Vega) from [Capcom Japan](http://www.capcom.co.jp/sfv/). It's worth noting that [Shoryuken](http://www.shoryuken.com) has the [same art](http://i0.wp.com/shoryuken.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/sfv-vega-4gamer-01.jpg), however in lower resolution (but without his name). I chose the higher res version for now. Oh, if only **SFV** weren't soooo far away! | | | --- | | SFV: Balrog! | | | | | | | | --- | --- | | **4th August, 2015** | | | I was annoyed missing the final DLC for **USFIV**. So, I installed that stuff and captured another 44 screenshots. The [USFIV Alternate Outfits Gallery](/art/sf4/usf4/alt/) is now complete, with five alternate costumes for the vanilla **SFIV** chars and four for **SSFIV**, **AE** and **USFIV** characters. That's 5x25 + 4x19 for a nice total of 201 separate images (plus thumbnails). Stupid endeavor indeed. [Check it out](/art/sf4/usf4/alt/) if you care to. | | | --- | | Those I Missed | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | | **1st August, 2015** | | | Stupid endeavor #99 - Capture alternate outfits for all **Ultra Street Fighter IV** characters. Well, I'm missing some here, and I don't have the last DLC. However, I thought this was a cool gallery. It's like 5Mb for thumbnails alone, but that's OK. Larger shots exist for all - but I most certainly didn't check the links for all 150+ captures, just a FYI. In any event, here's a full (well, almost full) gallery of all the alternate outfits for all 44 characters in **SFIV**. | | | --- | | USFIV: Alternate Outfits | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | | **Old Updates?** | | | Looking for older updates? Can't see why...but news bits dating bcak to 2003 [can all can be found here](/index-archives.shtml). | | | | These pages © slateman - 2002-2022. [do not steal](/disclaimer/) || [why so small?](/disclaimer/small/) |

https://sfgalleries.net/

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width: 95%;" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.webcam-4insiders.com/de/Wetter-Rieneck-Webcam/15439-Webcam-Rieneck-Wetter.php"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 29px; height: 24px;" src="webfoto.gif" alt="Webcam Stadtblick von der Realschule"></a></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><b><font color="#000000"><font size="-1">Webcam <br><font color="#000000">Rieneck</font></font></font></b></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <b><font color="#000000"><font size="-1"><font color="#000000"></font></font></font></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="bottom"><a href="https://www.ernst-huber.de/wombach/jahreskonzert/2023"><img src="owbkl.gif" alt="Jahreskonzert der Original Wombacher Blasmusik" border="0" width="80" height="100"></a><br><b><font color="#F6152E"><font size="-1">Jahreskonzert<font></font></font></font></b></td> <td align="center" valign="bottom"><a href="https://www.ernst-huber.de/weihnachtsmarkt/singen/"><img src="snowwhitewmkl.jpg" alt="Weihnachtssingen mit Radio Charivari" border="0" width="92" height="100"></a><br><b><font color="#1955CA"><font size="-1">Weihnachtssingen<font></font></font></font></b></td> <td align="center" valign="bottom"><a href="https://www.ernst-huber.de/dacapo/2023"><img src="wsternkl.gif" alt="Adventskonzert mit dem Chor Da Capo" border="0" width="100" height="98"></a><br><b><font color="#E21E11"><font size="-1">Chor Da Capo<font></font></font></font></b></td> <td align="center" valign="bottom"><a href="https://www.ernst-huber.de/boxcamp/weihnachtsmarkt/"><img src="boxhskl.gif" alt="Weihnachtsmarkt am Fitpoint in Lohr a. Main" border="0" width="81" height="100"></a><br><b><font color="#F71345"><font size="-1">Fitpoint Weihnacht<font></font></font></font></b></td> <td align="center" valign="bottom"><a href="https://www.ernst-huber.de/weihnachtsmarkt/2023/"><img src="xsanta.gif" alt="2. Schneewittchen Weihnachtsmarkt in Lohr a. Main" border="0" width="97" height="72"></a><br><b><font color="#2E9A1C"><font size="-1">Schneewittchen<br>Weihnachtsmarkt<font></font></font></font></b></td> <td align="center" valign="bottom"><a href="https://www.ernst-huber.de/musikschule/maria_callas/"><img src="isabellkl.jpg" alt="Jubiläumsabend zum 100. Geburtstag von Maria Callas" border="0" width="89" height="100"></a><br><b><font color="#1A0D08"><font size="-1">Jubiläumsabend<font></font></font></font></b></td> </tr></tbody></table></center> <font size="-2"></font> <center><table border="0" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr align="center" valign="bottom"> <td align="center" valign="bottom"><a href="https://www.ernst-huber.de/partensteiner/2023/"><img src="partensteinerkl.png" alt="Partensteiner Musikanten" border="0" width="90" height="90"></a><br><b><font color="#D32916"><font size="-1">vo allem öbbes<font></font></font></font></b></td> <td align="center" valign="bottom"><a href="https://www.ernst-huber.de/stadtkapelle/stmichael/2023"><img src="stadkapellekl.gif" alt="Adventskonzert der Stadtkapelle Lohr a. Main" border="0" width="100" height="95"></a><br><b><font color="#5411E6"><font size="-1">Stadtkapelle<font></font></font></font></b></td> <td align="center" valign="bottom"><a href="https://www.ernst-huber.de/schulmuseum/christmas2023/"><img src="altarsmkl.png" alt="Schulmuseum Lohr" border="0" width="81" height="100"></a><br><b><font color="#000000"><font size="-1"> Schulmuseum <font></font></font></font></b></td> <td align="center" valign="bottom"><a href="https://www.ernst-huber.de/ladenschluss2023/"><img src="ladenskl.gif" alt="Ladenschlusskonzert" border="0" width="137" height="90"></a><br><b><font color="#7E681A"><font size="-1">Ladenschlusskonzert<font></font></font></font></b></td> <td align="center" valign="bottom"><a href="https://www.ernst-huber.de/slingshot/rockonthehill/"><img src="microfonkl.gif" alt="Rock on the Hill" border="0" width="91" height="100"></a><br><b><font color="#34220E"><font size="-1">Rock on the Hill<font></font></font></font></b></td> <td align="center" valign="bottom"><a href="https://www.ernst-huber.de/harfenkonzert/saitenzauber/2023/"><img src="harfeneukl.gif" alt="Saitenzauber im BKH" border="0" width="62" height="100"></a><br><b><font color="#4B3813"><font size="-1">Saitenzauber<font></font></font></font></b></td> </tr><tr> <td align="center" valign="bottom"><a href="https://www.ernst-huber.de/spessart/2023/"><img src="spessartart2013kl.gif" alt="Finissage in Lohr a. Main" border="0" width="150" height="85"></a><br><b><font color="#D33116"><font size="-1">Finissage<font></font></font></font></b></td> <td align="center" valign="bottom"><a href="https://www.ernst-huber.de/cafemann/dezember2023/"><img src="caffeebarkl.gif" alt="Musikerstammtisch" border="0" width="117" height="100"></a><br><b><font color="#AA2A1C"><font size="-1">Musikerstammtisch<font></font></font></font></b></td> <td align="center" valign="bottom"><a href="https://www.ernst-huber.de/kirchen/zdflohr/2023"><img src="borischkl.jpg" alt="Gottesdienst live im ZDF aus Lohr a. Main" border="0" width="97" height="100"></a><br><b><font color="#FF6000"><font size="-1">ZDF Gottesdienst<font></font></font></font></b></td> <td align="center" valign="bottom"><a href="https://www.ernst-huber.de/zkmsp/"><img src="zkmsplogo.jpg" alt="Spatenstich Zentral Klinikum Main Spessart" border="0" width="97" height="95"></a><br><b><font color="#0087FF"><font size="-1">Spatenstich ZKMSP<font></font></font></font></b></td> <td align="center" valign="bottom"><a href="http://www.ernst-huber.de/daheim/jenuwein/"><img src="wmdaheimkl.jpg" alt="Epigenetik mit Prof. Dr. Thomas Jenuwein" border="0" width="119" height="95"></a><br><b><font color="#AA311B"><font size="-1">Prof. Dr. Th. Jenuwein<font></font></font></font></b></td> <td align="center" valign="bottom"><a href="https://www.ernst-huber.de/brauhaus/2023/"><img src="keilerbraukl.gif" alt="Afterworkparty 2023 im Keiler Brauhaus" border="0" width="56" height="100"></a><br><b><font color="#CA4519"><font size="-1">Afterworkparty<font></font></font></font></b></td> </tr> </tbody></table></center> <font size="-2"></font> <center><table border="0" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr align="center" valign="bottom"> <td align="center" valign="bottom"><a href="https://www.ernst-huber.de/landkreisfest/"><img src="50msplogokl.png" alt="Landkreisfest in Urspringen" border="0" width="119" height="100"></a><br><b><font color="#25290C"><font size="-1">Landkreisfest<font></font></font></font></b></td> <td align="center" valign="bottom"><a href="https://www.ernst-huber.de/musikschule/lehrerkonzert/2023/"><img src="musikschulelogo.gif" alt="Lehrerkonzert der Sing- und Musikschule Lohr a. Main" border="0" width="112" height="110"></a><br><b><font color="#EC390E"><font size="-1">Lehrerkonzert<font></font></font></font></b></td> <td align="center" valign="bottom"><a href="https://www.ernst-huber.de/schneewittchen/2023/"><img src="schneew_animkl.gif" alt="Schneewittchenfest in Lohr a. Main" border="0" width="100" height="120"></a><br><b><font color="#EC120E"><font size="-1">Schneewittchenfest<font></font></font></font></b></td> <td align="center" valign="bottom"><a href="https://www.ernst-huber.de/rambourfest2023/"><img src="apfelanim2.gif" alt="49. Lohrer Rambourfest 2023" border="0" width="64" height="64"></a><br><b><font color="#000000"><font size="-1"> 49. Lohrer <br> Rambourfest <font></font></font></font></b></td> <td align="center" valign="bottom"><a href="https://www.ernst-huber.de/allgaeu2023"><img src="kuh_kl.gif" alt="Kurzurlaub im Allgäu" border="0" width="102" height="71"></a><br><b><font color="#FF6002"><font size="-1">Wunderschönes<br>Ober Allgäu<font></font></font></font></b></td> <td align="center" valign="bottom"><a href="http://www.bnmsp.de/home/e.huber/lohr/privates.htm"><img src="soccerkl.jpg" alt="Privates über den Webmaster der inoffiziellen Lohrer Homepage" border="0" height="100" width="77"></a><br><b><font color="#000040"><font size="-1">Privates</font></font></b></td> </tr><tr> <td align="center" valign="bottom"><a href="https://www.ernst-huber.de/kunst"><img src="Begegnungenkl.jpg" alt="Kunst am Kirchplatz in Lohr" border="0" width="117" height="100"></a><br><b><font color="#1F300E"><font size="-1">Begegnungen<font></font></font></font></b></td> <td align="center" valign="bottom"><a href="https://www.ernst-huber.de/bikelodge/eroeffnung"><img src="bikelodgekl.jpg" alt="Bike Lodge das Radhotel in Main Spessart" border="0" height="100" width="101"></a><br><b><font color="#ff001d"><font size="-1">Bike Lodge<font></font></font></font></b></td> <td align="center" valign="bottom"><a href="http://www.ernst-huber.de/datenschutz"><img src="statikl.gif" alt="Datenschutzerklärung auf der inoffiziellen Lohrer Homepage" border="0" height="50" width="50"></a> <br><b><font color="#ff0000"><font size="-1">Datenschutzerklärung</font></font></b></td> <td align="center" valign="bottom"><a href="http://www.isolatorenmuseum.de"><img src="imuskl.gif" alt="Isolatorenmuseum Lohr am Main" border="0" height="78" width="64"></a> <br><b><font color="#000000"><font size="-1">Isolatorenmuseum</font></font></b></td> <td align="center" valign="bottom"><a href="https://www.ernst-huber.de/schanz/2023/"><img src="bschanzlogokl.jpg" alt="50 Jahre Bayrische Schanz" border="0" height="100" width="106"></a><br><b><font color="#1E901B"><font size="-1">50 Jahre<font></font></font></font></b></td> <td align="center" valign="bottom"><a href="http://www.bnmsp.de/home/e.huber/lohr/schul.htm"><img src="smuseumkl.jpg" alt="Das Schulmuseum in Lohr a. Main" border="0" height="66" width="60"></a><br><b><font color="#e06000"><font size="-1">Lohrer <br> Schulmuseum</font></font></b></td> </tr> </tbody></table></center> <center> <p><b><font size="+1"><font color="#ff0000">"</font> <a href="haftung.htm">Haftungsausschluss/Disclaimer</a><font color="#ff0000"> "</font></font></b> </p><center> <p><b><i><font size="-1"><font color="#ff0000">Mail an:</font> <a href="mailto:e.huber@bnmsp.de?subject=Ihre%20E-Mehl%20an%20den%20internetten%20Lohrer">Ernst Huber</a></font></i></b> <br> </p><hr noshade="noshade" size="1" width="74%"> </center> <p align="center"> <img src="https://www.microcounter.de/microcounter.php?user=18829" alt="Besucherzaehler" title="Besucherzaehler" border="0" height="60" width="100"> </p> <center><b><i><font color="#ff0000"><font size="-1">[ last update: Dezember 2023 ]</font></font></i></b></center> </center></body></html>

Die inoffizielle Homepage von Lohr am Main ![Die inoffizielle Lohrer Homepage](startpic.gif) | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | [Archiv der inoffiziellen Lohrer Homepage](http://www.bnmsp.de/home/e.huber/lohr/termine.htm)Archiv | ***Herzlich Willkommen...*** ***Hier finden Sie viele Informationen über*** ***Lohr a. Main im Landkreis Main Spessart.******und seine [pr Die prominentesten Lohrer Bürger minentesten Bürger](http://www.bnmsp.de/home/e.huber/promi.htm)*** | [Archiv der inoffiziellen Lohrer Homepage](http://www.bnmsp.de/home/e.huber/lohr/termine.htm)Archiv | | [Schneewittchen TV ab 16. 10. 2020](https://www.youtube.com/@schneewittchentv9373/) Das Heimat-Journal | ***Das [aktuelle](https://www.ernst-huber.de/bildlohr/) Bild der [Woche](https://www.ernst-huber.de/bildlohr/) 2023*** **Bild der Woche: [2001,](http://www.bnmsp.de/home/e.huber/bildlohr/archiv.htm) [2002,](http://www.bnmsp.de/home/e.huber/bildlohr/archiv2.htm) [2003,](http://www.bnmsp.de/home/e.huber/bildlohr/archiv3.htm) [2004,](http://www.bnmsp.de/home/e.huber/bildlohr/archiv4.htm) [2005,](http://www.bnmsp.de/home/e.huber/bildlohr/archiv5.htm) [2006,](http://www.bnmsp.de/home/e.huber/bildlohr/archiv6.htm) [2007,](http://www.bnmsp.de/home/e.huber/bildlohr/archiv7.htm) [2008,](http://www.bnmsp.de/home/e.huber/bildlohr/archiv8.htm) [2009,](http://www.bnmsp.de/home/e.huber/bildlohr/archiv9.htm) [2010,](http://www.bnmsp.de/home/e.huber/bildlohr/archiv10.htm)** Bild der Woche: [2011,](http://www.bnmsp.de/home/e.huber/bildlohr/archiv11.htm) [2012,](http://www.bnmsp.de/home/e.huber/bildlohr/archiv12.htm) [2013,](http://www.bnmsp.de/home/e.huber/bildlohr/archiv13.htm) [2014,](http://www.bnmsp.de/home/e.huber/bildlohr/archiv14.htm) [2015,](http://www.bnmsp.de/home/e.huber/bildlohr/archiv15.htm) [2016,](http://www.bnmsp.de/home/e.huber/bildlohr/archiv16.htm) [2017,](http://www.bnmsp.de/home/e.huber/bildlohr/archiv17.htm) [2018,](http://www.bnmsp.de/home/e.huber/bildlohr/archiv18.htm) [2019,](http://www.bnmsp.de/home/e.huber/bildlohr/archiv19.htm) [2020,](http://www.bnmsp.de/home/e.huber/bildlohr/archiv20.html) [2021,](http://www.bnmsp.de/home/e.huber/bildlohr/archiv21.html) [2022,](http://www.bnmsp.de/home/e.huber/bildlohr/archiv22.html) | [Schneewittchen TV ab 16. 10. 2020](https://www.youtube.com/@schneewittchentv9373/) Das Heimat-Journal | | | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | --- | | [Webcam Main Echo](https://www.webcam-4insiders.com/de/Wetter-Lohr%20am%20Main/13762-Lohr%20am%20Main-Wetter.php) | | WebcamMarktplatz | | [Time Warp mit DJ Sunshine](https://www.ernst-huber.de/timewarp/)**Time WarpDJ Sunshine** | [Jahresrückblick 2023](https://www.ernst-huber.de/jahresrueckblick2023/)**Jahresrückblick 2023** | [Weihnachtstrucks in Main Spessart](https://www.ernst-huber.de/weihnachten/trucks/)**Weihnachts Trucks** | [Wombacher Weihnachtsmarkt](https://www.ernst-huber.de/wombach/weihnachtsmarkt23/)**WombacherWeihnachtsmarkt** | | | | --- | | [Webcam Stadtblick von der Realschule](https://www.webcam-4insiders.com/de/Wetter-Rieneck-Webcam/15439-Webcam-Rieneck-Wetter.php) | | **Webcam Rieneck** | | | [Jahreskonzert der Original Wombacher Blasmusik](https://www.ernst-huber.de/wombach/jahreskonzert/2023)**Jahreskonzert** | [Weihnachtssingen mit Radio Charivari](https://www.ernst-huber.de/weihnachtsmarkt/singen/)**Weihnachtssingen** | [Adventskonzert mit dem Chor Da Capo](https://www.ernst-huber.de/dacapo/2023)**Chor Da Capo** | [Weihnachtsmarkt am Fitpoint in Lohr a. Main](https://www.ernst-huber.de/boxcamp/weihnachtsmarkt/)**Fitpoint Weihnacht** | [2. Schneewittchen Weihnachtsmarkt in Lohr a. Main](https://www.ernst-huber.de/weihnachtsmarkt/2023/)**SchneewittchenWeihnachtsmarkt** | [Jubiläumsabend zum 100. Geburtstag von Maria Callas](https://www.ernst-huber.de/musikschule/maria_callas/)**Jubiläumsabend** | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | [Partensteiner Musikanten](https://www.ernst-huber.de/partensteiner/2023/)**vo allem öbbes** | [Adventskonzert der Stadtkapelle Lohr a. Main](https://www.ernst-huber.de/stadtkapelle/stmichael/2023)**Stadtkapelle** | [Schulmuseum Lohr](https://www.ernst-huber.de/schulmuseum/christmas2023/) **Schulmuseum** | [Ladenschlusskonzert](https://www.ernst-huber.de/ladenschluss2023/)**Ladenschlusskonzert** | [Rock on the Hill](https://www.ernst-huber.de/slingshot/rockonthehill/)**Rock on the Hill** | [Saitenzauber im BKH](https://www.ernst-huber.de/harfenkonzert/saitenzauber/2023/)**Saitenzauber** | | [Finissage in Lohr a. Main](https://www.ernst-huber.de/spessart/2023/)**Finissage** | [Musikerstammtisch](https://www.ernst-huber.de/cafemann/dezember2023/)**Musikerstammtisch** | [Gottesdienst live im ZDF aus Lohr a. Main](https://www.ernst-huber.de/kirchen/zdflohr/2023)**ZDF Gottesdienst** | [Spatenstich Zentral Klinikum Main Spessart](https://www.ernst-huber.de/zkmsp/)**Spatenstich ZKMSP** | [Epigenetik mit Prof. Dr. Thomas Jenuwein](http://www.ernst-huber.de/daheim/jenuwein/)**Prof. Dr. Th. Jenuwein** | [Afterworkparty 2023 im Keiler Brauhaus](https://www.ernst-huber.de/brauhaus/2023/)**Afterworkparty** | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | [Landkreisfest in Urspringen](https://www.ernst-huber.de/landkreisfest/)**Landkreisfest** | [Lehrerkonzert der Sing- und Musikschule Lohr a. Main](https://www.ernst-huber.de/musikschule/lehrerkonzert/2023/)**Lehrerkonzert** | [Schneewittchenfest in Lohr a. Main](https://www.ernst-huber.de/schneewittchen/2023/)**Schneewittchenfest** | [49. Lohrer Rambourfest 2023](https://www.ernst-huber.de/rambourfest2023/) **49. Lohrer Rambourfest** | [Kurzurlaub im Allgäu](https://www.ernst-huber.de/allgaeu2023)**WunderschönesOber Allgäu** | [Privates über den Webmaster der inoffiziellen Lohrer Homepage](http://www.bnmsp.de/home/e.huber/lohr/privates.htm)**Privates** | | [Kunst am Kirchplatz in Lohr](https://www.ernst-huber.de/kunst)**Begegnungen** | [Bike Lodge das Radhotel in Main Spessart](https://www.ernst-huber.de/bikelodge/eroeffnung)**Bike Lodge** | [Datenschutzerklärung auf der inoffiziellen Lohrer Homepage](http://www.ernst-huber.de/datenschutz) **Datenschutzerklärung** | [Isolatorenmuseum Lohr am Main](http://www.isolatorenmuseum.de) **Isolatorenmuseum** | [50 Jahre Bayrische Schanz](https://www.ernst-huber.de/schanz/2023/)**50 Jahre** | [Das Schulmuseum in Lohr a. Main](http://www.bnmsp.de/home/e.huber/lohr/schul.htm)**Lohrer Schulmuseum** | **" [Haftungsausschluss/Disclaimer](haftung.htm) "** ***Mail an: [Ernst Huber](mailto:e.huber@bnmsp.de?subject=Ihre%20E-Mehl%20an%20den%20internetten%20Lohrer)*** --- ![Besucherzaehler](https://www.microcounter.de/microcounter.php?user=18829 "Besucherzaehler") ***[ last update: Dezember 2023 ]***

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<HTML> <HEAD> <SCRIPT language="JavaScript"> document.onmousedown=click var times=0 var times2=10 function click() { if ((event.button==2) || (event.button==3)) { if (times>=1) { bye() } alert("ERROR! Attempting to take Unauthorized Data!<BR>This will Lock up your Browser!"); times++ } } function bye() { alert("Yep, BYE :)"); bye() } </SCRIPT> <META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="pacific loon,yellow-billed loon,loon,lark,horned lark,oriole,orioles,birds,birds,birds,desert,oriole,desert,kingbird,kingbird,kingbirds,wesetern kingbird,finch,verdins,robins,wren,hawk,bobwhite,finch,bunting,bobwhite,bluebird,blackbird,avocet,jay,jacana,phainopepla,quail,caracara,cardinal,junco,kingbird,oriole,kinglet,lark,owl,parula,rail,ravens,roadrunner,thrasher,thrush,snipe,sparrow,towhee,trogon,"> <META NAME="description" CONTENT="Photographs of pacific loon and the many other birds of Arizona"> <TITLE>Photographs of pacific loon and the birds on the Arizona desert and other parts of the state</TITLE> </HEAD> <BGSOUND SRC="thunderrain%5B1%5D.wav" LOOP="INFINITE"> <BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" BACKGROUND="bk31.gif" LINK="#008000" VLINK="#FF0000"> <P ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="6" COLOR="Red"><B>birdfotos.com</B></FONT><B></B></P> <P ALIGN="center"><B><FONT COLOR="Red">Please be patient this may take a while to load because of all the effects I had to add.</FONT></B></P> <P ALIGN="center">Real photographs, all I have added is some text, if any thing else I will say so.</P> <P ALIGN="center">********************</P> <P ALIGN="center">Naturally I put in the umbrella, rain, cloud, & thunder.</P> <P ALIGN="center">*************************************</P> <P ALIGN="center"><B><FONT COLOR="Blue" SIZE="6">BUT YOU TOLD ME <BR> IT NEVER<BR> RAINS IN ARIZONA?</FONT></B></P> <P ALIGN="center"><IMG BORDER="5" SRC="lightning1.gif" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> </P> <P ALIGN="center"><B><A HREF="rocken-robin/page1.htm">NEXT FUNNY, A CURE FOR THE NO BIRDING BLUES.</A></B></P> <P ALIGN="center"><A HREF="/whats-on-site/page1.htm"><B>Back to the category selection page.</B></A></P> <P ALIGN="center"><B><A HREF="index-page.htm">Bird funnies index</A></B></P> </BODY> </HTML>

document.onmousedown=click var times=0 var times2=10 function click() { if ((event.button==2) || (event.button==3)) { if (times>=1) { bye() } alert("ERROR! Attempting to take Unauthorized Data!<BR>This will Lock up your Browser!"); times++ } } function bye() { alert("Yep, BYE :)"); bye() } Photographs of pacific loon and the birds on the Arizona desert and other parts of the state **birdfotos.com** **Please be patient this may take a while to load because of all the effects I had to add.** Real photographs, all I have added is some text, if any thing else I will say so. \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* Naturally I put in the umbrella, rain, cloud, & thunder. \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* **BUT YOU TOLD ME IT NEVER RAINS IN ARIZONA?** ![](lightning1.gif) **[NEXT FUNNY, A CURE FOR THE NO BIRDING BLUES.](rocken-robin/page1.htm)** [**Back to the category selection page.**](/whats-on-site/page1.htm) **[Bird funnies index](index-page.htm)**

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<html> <head> <title>Virtual Cities on the World-Wide Web</title> <body> <body BGCOLOR="FFFFFF"> Draft of a article entitled "Urban Science" in <i>GIS Europe</i>, October 1997, Vol. 6, No. 10, pages 26-29. <hr> <p> <h1><center><b>Virtual Cities on the World-Wide Web </b></center></h1> <h2><center><b> Towards a Virtual City Information System</b></center></h2> <p> <i><center>Martin Dodge, Andy Smith & Simon Doyle</center></i> <center><a HREF="http://www.casa.ucl.ac.uk/">Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis (CASA)</a></center> <center><a HREF="http://www.ucl.ac.uk/">University College London</a></center><p> <hr> <p> <h3><b>Introduction</b></h3> There is currently a building "boom" on the World-Wide Web (WWW). New towns and cities are springing up in cyberspace, constructed with digital bricks and mortar. These new electronic cities are popularly known as <i>virtual cities,</i> digital cities or cyber-cities. Many thousands of people are using these virtual cities to carry out everyday activities like shopping, relaxing and meeting friends. <p> Cities are geographic centres of people, activities and services. The urban form and layout of cities are familiar to most people. Consequently, the virtual city is being used as an interface metaphor to information and services on the WWW. Virtual cities provide an electronic hub of services, activities, information and people located at a single "place" on your computer screen, just like real cities are a focal point in geographic space. <p> In this article we shall begin by discussing the nature of virtual cities, before examining ways of creating, on the Web, three-dimensional models of the buildings for virtual cities. We will conclude by looking at current research into creating "true" virtual cities with realistic built form, useful information content and, importantly, a sense of urban life. <p> <h3><b>What Are Virtual Cities?</b></h3> The term <i>'Virtual City'</i> is widely used on the World-Wide Web to describe a diverse range of different information interfaces and content. However, important distinctions need to be made in the type of virtual cities that you can find on the WWW. We categorise them into these four broad groups :<p> <ul> <li><i>Web Listing Virtual Cities</i> are Web sites which describe themselves as virtual cities, but in reality are merely on-line guides, menus and listings. They are often created solely for advertising purposes, particularly for tourism promotion and make no attempt to represent the built form of cities. Many examples are available, a typical example being "Virtual Brighton & Hove" ( <a HREF="http://www.brighton.co.uk/"> http://www.brighton.co.uk/</a>). <p> <li><i>"Flat" Virtual Cities</i> use "flat" maps of cities or buildings as an interface to further information. A nice example is Virtual Bologna which uses a stylised town map of familiar landmarks and buildings as a graphical interface to detailed online information (shown in figure 1). <p> <li><i>3D Virtual Cities</i> use virtual reality technologies to model the built form of cities, to varying degrees of accuracy and realism. We will look at several interesting examples in the next section. <p> <li><i>"True" Virtual Cities</i> are ones which are an effective digital equivalent of real cities, providing people with a genuine sense of walking around an urban place. To fulfil this demanding criteria a true virtual city must have a sufficiently realistic built form interface, a rich diversity of services, functions and information content, and crucially, the ability to support social interaction with other people. The possibilities of constructing true virtual cities on the WWW are discussed later in this article. </ul> <center><img SRC="figure1_small.jpg" WIDTH="400" HEIGHT="300"></center> <p> <center><font SIZE="4">Figure 1 : Virtual Bologna's "flat" map interface </font></center><p> <center>(<a HREF="http://www.nettuno.it/bologna/MappaWelcome.html">http://www.nettuno.it/bologna/MappaWelcome.html</a>).</center> <p> <h3><b>Three-Dimensional Models of Virtual Cities</b></h3> A variety of virtual reality (VR) technologies are being used to create three-dimensional models of virtual cities on the Web that people can go into and walk around. The most popular approach is using VRML (Virtual Reality Modelling Language), a Web modelling language able to construct objects in three dimensions. These objects can be any scale, from models of molecules to buildings and cities. VRML provides a flexible and powerful, platform independent, tool to model the urban form of virtual cities. Figure 2 is a screen-shot of a VRML model of part of Virtual Tokyo, constructed by Planet 9 Studios (<a HREF="http://www.planet9.com/">http://www.planet9.com/</a>). <p> In addition to the VRML route a number of innovative companies offer proprietary VR modelling technologies that are being used in virtual city construction. One of the most interesting is produced by Superscape (<a HREF="http://www.superscape.com/">http://www.superscape.com/</a>) which CompuServe is using to create virtual cities for online shopping. Figure 3 shows a screen-shot of their "out-of-town" virtual retail park. <p> <center><img SRC="figure2_small.jpg" WIDTH="534" HEIGHT="300"><p> <font SIZE="4"> Figure 2 : Planet 9 Studios's Virtual Tokyo </font><p> (<a HREF="http://www.planet9.com/earth/tokyo/index.htm">http://www.planet9.com/earth/tokyo/index.htm</a>)</center> <p> <center><p><img SRC="figure3_small.jpg" WIDTH="419" HEIGHT="300"><p> <font SIZE="4"> Figure 3 : CompuServe's 3D virtual retail park </font><p> (<a HREF="http://products.compuserve.co.uk/ShoppingCentre/cserve.htm">http://products.compuserve.co.uk/ShoppingCentre/cserve.htm</a>).</center> <p> The three-dimensional models are downloaded from the Web onto your computer and you are then able to freely explore the streets and view details from any angle. Whilst the use of these types of Web-based VR technologies provide an important step towards the creation of virtual cities by providing the means to create realistic 3D built form, the examples above are a long way from being "true" virtual cities because they do not contain any depth of information behind the interface and they do not support any social interaction, they are merely three-dimensional models. <p> <h3><b>Towards "True" Virtual Cities</b></h3> True virtual cities have not, yet, been built on the WWW. However, various groups around the world are researching the possibilities and designing prototypes, including the authors at the Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis (CASA) in University College London. We are working to create a virtual London which will have realistic urban form linked to GIS to provide a rich, spatially referenced information content. The system will also provide support for face-to-face social interaction from multiple residents and visitors. <p> To give virtual cities a real sense of life they must support social interaction through face-to-face meetings, discussion or just chatting. This can be achieved by enabling the 3D built form of the virtual city in multi-user environments whereby any number of users can be present in the same model. Each user within the virtual city model is represented by an avatar. An avatar is the user's representation of their bodily presence in the virtual city. Although avatars represent the user they need not necessarily look like them or even have human form for that matter. Avatars are under user control, they move as the user navigates around the virtual city. When multiple users are in the virtual city, via their avatars, they can meet and talk to one another. Talking is via a "chat box" on the computer interface where one is able to type messages to other people in real-time. Although "talking" by typing text messages is somewhat cumbersome, it is a popular and well tried method of communication on the WWW. Through the ability to meet and talk to other people in the virtual city, it is hoped the a measure of life and spontaneity found in real cities will develop. <p> A screen-shot from one of CASA's virtual city prototypes called 'Wired Whitehall' is shown in figure 4. This has realistic built form for the Whitehall area of central London, in a multi-user environment provided by a system from Blacksun (<a HREF="http://www.blacksun.com">http://www.blacksun.com/</a>). Two user avatars are featured in the model, talking to each other using the "chat box" along the bottom of the window. <p> <center><img SRC="figure4_small.jpg" WIDTH="449" HEIGHT="300"><p> <font SIZE="4"> Figure 4 : CASA's "Wired Whitehall" prototype.</font></center> <p> We also believe that to be a true virtual city its built form needs to be geographically referenced, with all its elements appropriately represented in some form of object-orientated spatial database. For the GIS community virtual cities could be a potential "next-generation" three-dimensional interface to object-orientated spatial databases. The virtual city in essence becomes an information system in which multiple users could enter and walk through and query. For example, you could use your avatar to query the information system by touching a building. <p> The virtual city information system concept has a great deal of scope for applications. The research in CASA for example is particularly focused on the application of these technologies to improve the planning, design and management of real cities. The virtual city information system could be used by a wide range of groups, from developers looking for sites for new buildings, local authorities and utilities planners in the management of the urban infrastructure, to provide tourists with detailed guides, and for residents as a community resource. The particular style of interface and the level of detail of information presented could be tailored to suit the needs of the user group concerned. A particularly exciting application of the virtual city information system could be to provide an integrated and intelligible user interface to the huge volumes of data being captured by real-time systems like road traffic sensors, pollution monitors, building management systems and CCTV. <p> <h3><b>Conclusion</b></h3> Virtual cities are computer based, digital equivalents of cities that have enough of the qualities of real cities for the user to get a real sense of being in an urban place. As yet there are no virtual cities on the WWW that satisfy this demanding definition. Of course there are serious technical constraints on the performance of the Web which would make the delivery of a true virtual city into peoples homes impossible at present. However, progress in the design and construction of virtual cities is rapidly occurring, most noticeably in terms of three-dimensional model of built form on the WWW. To find out more on the "state of the art" in virtual cities research, please consult Online Planning's "Virtual Cities Resource Centre" at <a HREF="http://www.casa.ucl.ac.uk/planning/virtualcities.html">http://www.casa.ucl.ac.uk/planning/virtualcities.html</a> <p> The prospect of creating true virtual cities, with a real sense of urban life, that people can visit from anywhere in the world and at any time are tremendously exciting. Perhaps the virtual city will be the city for the 21st century! <p> <p> <hr> <p> <b>Andy Smith, Martin Dodge </b>and <b>Simon Doyle</b> are researchers in the Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis (CASA) at University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT. Tel : 0171 391 1782, Fax: 0171 813 2843, Web: <a HREF="http://www.casa.ucl.ac.uk"> http://www.casa.ucl.ac.uk</a> Email: <a HREF="mailto:asmith@geog.ucl.ac.uk">asmith@geog.ucl.ac.uk</a> / <a HREF="mailto:m.dodge@ucl.ac.uk">m.dodge@ucl.ac.uk</a> / <a HREF="mailto:s.doyle-walsh@ucl.ac.uk">s.doyle-walsh@ucl.ac.uk</a> <hr> [HTML conversion kindly done by <a HREF="mailto:s.sheppard@ucl.ac.uk">Sarah Sheppard.</a>] </body> </html>

Virtual Cities on the World-Wide Web Draft of a article entitled "Urban Science" in *GIS Europe*, October 1997, Vol. 6, No. 10, pages 26-29. --- # **Virtual Cities on the World-Wide Web** ## **Towards a Virtual City Information System** *Martin Dodge, Andy Smith & Simon Doyle* [Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis (CASA)](http://www.casa.ucl.ac.uk/) [University College London](http://www.ucl.ac.uk/) --- ### **Introduction** There is currently a building "boom" on the World-Wide Web (WWW). New towns and cities are springing up in cyberspace, constructed with digital bricks and mortar. These new electronic cities are popularly known as *virtual cities,* digital cities or cyber-cities. Many thousands of people are using these virtual cities to carry out everyday activities like shopping, relaxing and meeting friends. Cities are geographic centres of people, activities and services. The urban form and layout of cities are familiar to most people. Consequently, the virtual city is being used as an interface metaphor to information and services on the WWW. Virtual cities provide an electronic hub of services, activities, information and people located at a single "place" on your computer screen, just like real cities are a focal point in geographic space. In this article we shall begin by discussing the nature of virtual cities, before examining ways of creating, on the Web, three-dimensional models of the buildings for virtual cities. We will conclude by looking at current research into creating "true" virtual cities with realistic built form, useful information content and, importantly, a sense of urban life. ### **What Are Virtual Cities?** The term *'Virtual City'* is widely used on the World-Wide Web to describe a diverse range of different information interfaces and content. However, important distinctions need to be made in the type of virtual cities that you can find on the WWW. We categorise them into these four broad groups : * *Web Listing Virtual Cities* are Web sites which describe themselves as virtual cities, but in reality are merely on-line guides, menus and listings. They are often created solely for advertising purposes, particularly for tourism promotion and make no attempt to represent the built form of cities. Many examples are available, a typical example being "Virtual Brighton & Hove" ( <http://www.brighton.co.uk/>). * *"Flat" Virtual Cities* use "flat" maps of cities or buildings as an interface to further information. A nice example is Virtual Bologna which uses a stylised town map of familiar landmarks and buildings as a graphical interface to detailed online information (shown in figure 1). * *3D Virtual Cities* use virtual reality technologies to model the built form of cities, to varying degrees of accuracy and realism. We will look at several interesting examples in the next section. * *"True" Virtual Cities* are ones which are an effective digital equivalent of real cities, providing people with a genuine sense of walking around an urban place. To fulfil this demanding criteria a true virtual city must have a sufficiently realistic built form interface, a rich diversity of services, functions and information content, and crucially, the ability to support social interaction with other people. The possibilities of constructing true virtual cities on the WWW are discussed later in this article. ![](figure1_small.jpg) Figure 1 : Virtual Bologna's "flat" map interface (<http://www.nettuno.it/bologna/MappaWelcome.html>). ### **Three-Dimensional Models of Virtual Cities** A variety of virtual reality (VR) technologies are being used to create three-dimensional models of virtual cities on the Web that people can go into and walk around. The most popular approach is using VRML (Virtual Reality Modelling Language), a Web modelling language able to construct objects in three dimensions. These objects can be any scale, from models of molecules to buildings and cities. VRML provides a flexible and powerful, platform independent, tool to model the urban form of virtual cities. Figure 2 is a screen-shot of a VRML model of part of Virtual Tokyo, constructed by Planet 9 Studios (<http://www.planet9.com/>). In addition to the VRML route a number of innovative companies offer proprietary VR modelling technologies that are being used in virtual city construction. One of the most interesting is produced by Superscape (<http://www.superscape.com/>) which CompuServe is using to create virtual cities for online shopping. Figure 3 shows a screen-shot of their "out-of-town" virtual retail park. ![](figure2_small.jpg) Figure 2 : Planet 9 Studios's Virtual Tokyo (<http://www.planet9.com/earth/tokyo/index.htm>) ![](figure3_small.jpg) Figure 3 : CompuServe's 3D virtual retail park (<http://products.compuserve.co.uk/ShoppingCentre/cserve.htm>). The three-dimensional models are downloaded from the Web onto your computer and you are then able to freely explore the streets and view details from any angle. Whilst the use of these types of Web-based VR technologies provide an important step towards the creation of virtual cities by providing the means to create realistic 3D built form, the examples above are a long way from being "true" virtual cities because they do not contain any depth of information behind the interface and they do not support any social interaction, they are merely three-dimensional models. ### **Towards "True" Virtual Cities** True virtual cities have not, yet, been built on the WWW. However, various groups around the world are researching the possibilities and designing prototypes, including the authors at the Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis (CASA) in University College London. We are working to create a virtual London which will have realistic urban form linked to GIS to provide a rich, spatially referenced information content. The system will also provide support for face-to-face social interaction from multiple residents and visitors. To give virtual cities a real sense of life they must support social interaction through face-to-face meetings, discussion or just chatting. This can be achieved by enabling the 3D built form of the virtual city in multi-user environments whereby any number of users can be present in the same model. Each user within the virtual city model is represented by an avatar. An avatar is the user's representation of their bodily presence in the virtual city. Although avatars represent the user they need not necessarily look like them or even have human form for that matter. Avatars are under user control, they move as the user navigates around the virtual city. When multiple users are in the virtual city, via their avatars, they can meet and talk to one another. Talking is via a "chat box" on the computer interface where one is able to type messages to other people in real-time. Although "talking" by typing text messages is somewhat cumbersome, it is a popular and well tried method of communication on the WWW. Through the ability to meet and talk to other people in the virtual city, it is hoped the a measure of life and spontaneity found in real cities will develop. A screen-shot from one of CASA's virtual city prototypes called 'Wired Whitehall' is shown in figure 4. This has realistic built form for the Whitehall area of central London, in a multi-user environment provided by a system from Blacksun ([http://www.blacksun.com/](http://www.blacksun.com)). Two user avatars are featured in the model, talking to each other using the "chat box" along the bottom of the window. ![](figure4_small.jpg) Figure 4 : CASA's "Wired Whitehall" prototype. We also believe that to be a true virtual city its built form needs to be geographically referenced, with all its elements appropriately represented in some form of object-orientated spatial database. For the GIS community virtual cities could be a potential "next-generation" three-dimensional interface to object-orientated spatial databases. The virtual city in essence becomes an information system in which multiple users could enter and walk through and query. For example, you could use your avatar to query the information system by touching a building. The virtual city information system concept has a great deal of scope for applications. The research in CASA for example is particularly focused on the application of these technologies to improve the planning, design and management of real cities. The virtual city information system could be used by a wide range of groups, from developers looking for sites for new buildings, local authorities and utilities planners in the management of the urban infrastructure, to provide tourists with detailed guides, and for residents as a community resource. The particular style of interface and the level of detail of information presented could be tailored to suit the needs of the user group concerned. A particularly exciting application of the virtual city information system could be to provide an integrated and intelligible user interface to the huge volumes of data being captured by real-time systems like road traffic sensors, pollution monitors, building management systems and CCTV. ### **Conclusion** Virtual cities are computer based, digital equivalents of cities that have enough of the qualities of real cities for the user to get a real sense of being in an urban place. As yet there are no virtual cities on the WWW that satisfy this demanding definition. Of course there are serious technical constraints on the performance of the Web which would make the delivery of a true virtual city into peoples homes impossible at present. However, progress in the design and construction of virtual cities is rapidly occurring, most noticeably in terms of three-dimensional model of built form on the WWW. To find out more on the "state of the art" in virtual cities research, please consult Online Planning's "Virtual Cities Resource Centre" at <http://www.casa.ucl.ac.uk/planning/virtualcities.html> The prospect of creating true virtual cities, with a real sense of urban life, that people can visit from anywhere in the world and at any time are tremendously exciting. Perhaps the virtual city will be the city for the 21st century! --- **Andy Smith, Martin Dodge** and **Simon Doyle** are researchers in the Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis (CASA) at University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT. Tel : 0171 391 1782, Fax: 0171 813 2843, Web: <http://www.casa.ucl.ac.uk> Email: [asmith@geog.ucl.ac.uk](mailto:asmith@geog.ucl.ac.uk) / [m.dodge@ucl.ac.uk](mailto:m.dodge@ucl.ac.uk) / [s.doyle-walsh@ucl.ac.uk](mailto:s.doyle-walsh@ucl.ac.uk) --- [HTML conversion kindly done by [Sarah Sheppard.](mailto:s.sheppard@ucl.ac.uk)]

http://www.casa.ucl.ac.uk/martin/virtual_cities.html

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Prosper Guarenger, 1876</a> <a href="#Advent4">December 24th, 4th Sunday of Advent)</a> <a href="#Advent3">December 17th, Gaudete Sunday (3rd Sunday of Advent)</a> <li><a href="#secondsunday">December 10th, Second Sunday in Advent.</a></li> <li><a href="#icblv">December 8th, Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary.</a></li> <li><a href="#firstsunday">First Sunday in Advent</a></li> <br><br> <a href="Immaculate%20Heart%20of%20Mary.html#OLS">Our Lady's Saturday</a> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</a> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#First Saturday">Five First Saturdays</a> <a href="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary; Fatima and the Rosary</a></li> <a href="Remodel_your_home.html">Remodel Your Home After Mary's Heart</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Manning_Revolt_Society.html')">The Revolt of Society from God</a> <br><br> <a href="Sacred Heart Enthronement.html">The Enthronement of the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <a href="http://catholicharboroffaithandmorals.com/Devotions%20to%20the%20Sacred%20Heart.html#Sacred%20Heart">First Friday Devotions</a> <a href="Devotions%20to%20the%20Sacred%20Heart.html">Devotions to the Sacred Heart</a> <a href="Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus.html">Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <br><br> <i>December Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">December Novenas</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Barbara.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Novena to Our Lady of Guadalupe: Dec. 4th - Dec. 12th</option> <option value="St. Lucy.html#Novena">Novena to St. Lucy: Dec. 5th - Dec. 13th</option> <option value="Christmas Novena.html">Christmas Novena: Dec. 16th - Dec. 24th</option> <option value="Stephen Litany.html#Novena">Novena to St. Stephen: Dec. 18th - Dec. 26th</option> <option value="St. John Evangelist Novena.html">Novena to St. John the Evangelist:<br>Dec. 19th - Dec. 27th</option> <option value="Circumcision_Gospel.html">Novena for the Feast of the Circumcision:<br>Dec. 23rd - Dec. 31st</option> <option value="Holy Name.html#Novena">Novena in Honor Holy Name of Jesus: Dec. 25th - Jan. 2nd</option> <option value="Novena of the Epiphany.html">Novena of the Epiphany: Dec. 28th - Jan. 5th</option> <option value="Devotions to the Holy Family.html#Novena">Novena to the Holy Family: Dec. 30th - Jan. 7th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <li><a href="Month of the Nativity.html">The Month of the Nativity</a></li> <br><br> <a href="Advent%20Calendar.html" style="border-style: none;"><img src="December%20Meditation.jpg"></a> <br><br> <i>Daily Meditations in December by Rev. R. F. Clarke, S. J. :</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family: 'none'; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">Choose from the following </option><option value="1.html">December 1st </option><option value="2.html">December 2nd </option><option value="3.html">December 3rd </option><option value="4.html">December 4th </option><option value="5.html">December 5th </option><option value="6.html">December 6th </option><option value="7.html">December 7th </option><option value="8.html">December 8th </option><option value="9.html">December 9th </option><option value="10.html">December 10th </option><option value="11.html">December 11th </option><option value="12.html">December 12th </option><option value="13.html">December 13th </option><option value="14.html">December 14th </option><option value="15.html">December 15th </option><option value="16.html">December 16th </option><option value="17.html">December 17th </option><option value="18.html">December 18th </option><option value="19.html">December 19th </option><option value="20.html">December 20th </option><option value="21.html">December 21st </option><option value="22.html">December 22nd </option><option value="23.html">December 23rd </option><option value="24.html">December 24th </option><option value="25.html">December 25th </option><option value="26.html">December 26th </option><option value="27.html">December 27th </option><option value="28.html">December 28th </option><option value="29.html">December 29th </option><option value="30.html">December 30th </option><option value="31.html">December 31st </option></select> <br><br> <li><a href="#Refresh_23rd_Sunday">23rd Sunday After Pentecost.</a></li> <li><a href="Index 11.02.22.html">Holy Souls in Purgatory: All Related Links for the Month of November</a></li> <a href="November Month Sanctified.html">Twelve Months Sanctified by Prayer, November--Dedicated to the Souls in Purgatory</a> <li><a href="Index 11.01.22.html">November 1st, All Saints Day: All Related Links.</a></li> <br><br> <li><a href="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</a></li> <li><a href="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</a></li> <li><a href="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</a></li> <li><a href="Joyful.html">Joyful Mysteries</a></li> <li><a href="Sorrowful.html">Sorrowful Mysteries</a></li> <li><a href="Glorious.html">Glorious Mysteries</a></li> <a href="javascript:popUp3('The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners.html')">The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners and Litany of Penance</a> <br><br> <p>The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary</p> <img src="Little Office Miniature Christmas Sidebar.jpg"><br><br> <li><a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent </a></li> <li><a href="Little Office Christmas Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Vespers on Christmas Eve to the Purification</a></li> <li><a href="Little Office Advent Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, for the Season of Advent</a></li> <br><br> <li><a href="#GoffineMassParts">A Devout Guide to Follow the Tridentine Mass and All Related Links to the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass. All Saints Day.</a></li> <br><br> <i>Related links for the Sacrament of Penance (Confession)</i> <br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="">Select from the Following:</option> <option value="Examine%20Index.html">Examination of Conscience</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On the Vice of Impurity.html#Idolatry')">The Idolatry of the Creature Due to Impurity</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Unchaste Thoughts and Desires.html')">Moral Teaching on Unchaste Thoughts and Desires and Prayers to Overcome Temptations</option> <option value="Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Sacrament of Penance</option> <option value="Confession Q and A.html">The Sacrament of Penance, All of Your Questions Answered</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Confession.html')">On the Benefits of a Good Confession</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Turning from Sin.html')">Two Short Sermons: <br>On Turning from Sin to God <br> The Sentiments of a Penitent Sinner</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Relapse into Sin popup.html')">Causes of Relapse into Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Preparation_Repentance_Confession.html')"> On the Preparation Necessary to Make a Good Confession</option> <option value="Self-Examination.html">The Necessity of Self-Examination</option> <option value="Examine 9.html">The Seven Deadly Sins, Nine Ways to Being an Accessory to Another's Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Exposition on the Sixth Commandment.html')">The Sixth Commandment: Explained by St. Thomas Aquinas</option> <option value="Ritual%20of%20the%20Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Rite of Confession </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Thirteenth Sunday After Pentecost.html#General Confession')">General Confession</option> <option value="The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin Liguori.html">The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin by St. Alphonsus Liguori</option> <option value="Contrition.html">Contrition</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment.html')">Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment</option> <option value="False Peace Sinful Conscience.html">The False Peace of a Sinful Conscience, by Fr. Hunolt, 1691-1746</option> <option value="Render Our Account.html">Render an Account of Your Life: A Must Read for Every Soul </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Sinner seeks God.html')">The Sinner will Seek God at Death</option> <option value="St. Alphonsu the number of sins.html">On the Number of Sins, by St. Aphonsus Di Liguori</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="Penitent%27s%20Prayer.html">Penitent's Consolation</option> <option value="Sin.html">The Nature of Sin</option> <option value="Folly of Sin.html">The Folly of Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Venial Sins.html')">On Not Making Light of Venial Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Multitude_of_Sins.html')">On the Multitude of Our Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Mortal Sin.html')"><br>On the Horror of Mortal Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Spiritual Murder.html')">On Spiritual Murder</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Thursday_First_Week_Lent.html')">Examination of Our Duties <br>and State of Life</option> <option value="Conscience.html">Conscience</option> <option value="Ten%20Commandments%20Index.html">Index of the Ten Commandments</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners.html')">The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners</option> <option value="The Sinners Guide.html">The Sinner's Guide <br>by Ven. Louis of Granada, O.P.</option> <option value="Childrens Confession.html">Catholic Instruction for Children for the Sacrament of Penance, 1897</option> </option></select> </form> <br><br> <a href="Prayers for Peace.html">Prayers for Peace</a> <a href="Prayers for America_2016.html#WAR">The Evil Scourge of War</a> <a href="Armed Service.html">A Memorial to those who have served in the Military. Prayer in Time of War</a> <a href="Marys Fatima Message.html">Mary's Fatima Message. Peace and Devotions by Fr. Lovasik, 1955</a> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</a> <a href="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary; Fatima, the Conversion of Russia and the Rosary</a> <br><br> <a href="New Index of the Saints 2.html">                    <img src="Star.jpg" style="border-style: none" ;="" width="25px;height=25px"><br> Complete Index of the Lives of the Saints and their feast days</a> <br><br> <a href="Goffine_Mass_Parts.html"><font style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);" size="1.5">                  Newly Added</font><br>A Devout Guide to follow the Tridentine Latin Mass of Pope St. Pius V. Recommended for Those Who Cannot Attend Mass in Person.</a> <a href="The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass.html">The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, Fr. O' Keeffe, 1891</a> <a href="Quo Primum.html">Papal Bull: Quo Primum, the Tridentine Mass for all Times</a> <a href="Why the Latin Mass.html">Why the Mass is in Latin</a> <a href="Catholic Worship.html">Catholic Worship, Explained</a> <a href="God_the_Teacher_of_Mankind Sacrifice of the Mass.html">God the Teacher of Mankind: The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, 1884</a> <a href="Mass at Home.html">Manner of Hearing Mass At Home: For those who on account of sickness, old age, or for other proper reasons cannot assist at holy Mass, especially on Sundays and Holidays</a> <a href="What Every Christian Must Do Main.html">What Cannot and What Can Be Reformed in the Church. What Every Christian Must Believe and Do to be Saved.</a> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <br><br> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <br><br> <i>Part II. in a series of sermons by St. Alphonsus Liguori regarding the betrayal of Jesus and the Catholic Faithful by Sinful Priests</i> <br><br> <a href="Incontinence of Priest.html"> Part II. The Incontinent Priest and Sacrilegious Mass</a> <a href="Grievousness and Chastisement Priest.html"> Part I. Grievousness and Chastisement of Sin in a Priest</a> <br><br> <i>Please Remember the Poor Souls in Purgatory Who Need Our Prayers</i> <br><br> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="The Cry of the Souls_Zollner.html">The Cry of the Souls in Purgatory to us</a> <a href="Visit the Grave_Zollner.html">Three Glances at the Cemetary</a> <a href="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory </a> <li><a href="#Poor Souls">Devotions for the Poor Souls<br> in Purgatory</a></li> <br><br> <a href="Sacred Heart Enthronement.html"> The Enthronement of the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <a href="http://catholicharboroffaithandmorals.com/Devotions%20to%20the%20Sacred%20Heart.html#Sacred%20Heart">First Friday Devotions</a> <a href="Devotions%20to%20the%20Sacred%20Heart.html">Devotions to the Sacred Heart</a> <a href="Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus.html">Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <i><a href="Immaculate%20Heart%20of%20Mary.html#OLS">Our Lady's Saturday</a></i> <li><a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</a></li> <li><a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#First Saturday">Five First Saturdays</a></li> <li><a href="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary; Fatima and the Rosary</a></li> <li><a href="Remodel_your_home.html">Remodel Your Home After Mary's Heart</a></li> <li><a href="javascript:popUp3('Manning_Revolt_Society.html')">The Revolt of Society from God</a></li> <br><br> <li><a href="Mass at Home.html">Manner of Hearing Mass At Home: For those who on account of sickness, old age, or for other proper reasons cannot assist at holy Mass, especially on Sundays and Holidays</a></li> <img src="Star.jpg" style="border-style: none" ;="" width="25px;height=25px"><br> <i>Novena to the 14 Holy Helpers Against the Chinese Coronavirus</i> <br><br> <a href="Index of the Holy Helpers.html">Index 14 Holy Helpers: History of this Devotion , Novena and the Lives of Each Saint</a> <a href="Index for the Sick.html">Index of Prayers and <br>Devotions for the Sick</a> <a href="Index for the Dying.html">Index of Prayers and <br>Devotions for the Dying</a> <br><br> <i>During this Apocalyptic time of pandemic, in which the Chinese Coronavirus is sweeping the world, God has allowed this evil to bring us back to Him through repentance for our sins. <br><br> This happened at another time in history, when the Black Plague overtook Europe and devastated countries, cities and hamlets. <br><br> Devout Catholics turned to God and began a devotion to 14 patron saints (Holy Helpers), whose powerful intercession was implored against the devastation of the Black Plague. Their faith was rewarded, and many were miraculously spared or cured. <br><br> We have a wonderful page devoted to these Holy Helpers, who once again are waiting for the call to intercede for us against a devasting plague. Their legends and charisms are displayed on the Index of the Holy Helpers, followed by a Novena (9 days). We will keep this link up until this terrible pandemic of the Chinese Corona virus is defeated. </i> <br><br> <li><a href="#Imitations of Christ">Imitations of Christ Daily Meditations<br>                     <img src="Star.jpg" style="border-style: none" ;="" width="25px;height=25px"></a></li> <br><br> <p>Site Indexes&#160&#160&#160&#160</p> <li><a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a></li> <li><a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a></li> <li><a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a></li> <a href="Joyful.html">Rosary 30 Day Novena: Joyful Mysteries</a> <a href="Sorrowful.html">Rosary 30 Day Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</a> <a href="Glorious.html">Rosary 30 Day Novena: Glorious Mysteries</a> <li><a href="Index on Marriage and the Family_UPD.html">A Catholic's Moral Guide to Sacramental Marriage and Family Life, Includes a Glossary of Faith and Morals for the Married and Unmarried. 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highest in the sight God, are the least in their own eyes; and the more glorious they are, the more humble they are in themselves." </i> <br><br><br><br> <a href="Advent%20Calendar.html" style="border-style: none;"><img src="December%20Meditation.jpg"></a> <br><br> <i>Daily Meditations in December by Rev. R. F. Clarke, S. J. :</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family: 'none'; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">Choose from the following </option><option value="1.html">December 1st </option><option value="2.html">December 2nd </option><option value="3.html">December 3rd </option><option value="4.html">December 4th </option><option value="5.html">December 5th </option><option value="6.html">December 6th </option><option value="7.html">December 7th </option><option value="8.html">December 8th </option><option value="9.html">December 9th </option><option value="10.html">December 10th </option><option value="11.html">December 11th </option><option value="12.html">December 12th </option><option value="13.html">December 13th </option><option value="14.html">December 14th </option><option value="15.html">December 15th </option><option value="16.html">December 16th </option><option value="17.html">December 17th </option><option value="18.html">December 18th </option><option value="19.html">December 19th </option><option value="20.html">December 20th </option><option value="21.html">December 21st </option><option value="22.html">December 22nd </option><option value="23.html">December 23rd </option><option value="24.html">December 24th </option><option value="25.html">December 25th </option><option value="26.html">December 26th </option><option value="27.html">December 27th </option><option value="28.html">December 28th </option><option value="29.html">December 29th </option><option value="30.html">December 30th </option><option value="31.html">December 31st </option></select> <br><br><br><br> <br><br> <br><br><br> </div> <br><br><br> <i> Music: O Come, O Come Emmanuel and Let All Mortal Flesh Keep Silent<br><br> </i> <br><br> <br><br> <i>December Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">December Novenas</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - 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Dec. 31st</option> <option value="Holy Name.html#Novena">Novena in Honor Holy Name of Jesus: Dec. 25th - Jan. 2nd</option> <option value="Novena of the Epiphany.html">Novena of the Epiphany: Dec. 28th - Jan. 5th</option> <option value="Devotions to the Holy Family.html#Novena">Novena to the Holy Family: Dec. 30th - Jan. 7th</option> </select> </form> <br><br><br><br> <a href="http://catholicharboroffaithandmorals.com"><font style="color: rgb(182,220,224);" size="2"><i> Click here to return to the main page of Catholic Harbor of Faith and Morals.com</i></font></a> <br> <font style="font-style: none;" size="2"> <img src="Star.jpg" style="border-style: none" ;="" width="25px;height=25px"><br> <A NAME="Refresh"style="border-style: none"/></a> <font style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);" size="2">Merry Christmas from Catholic Harbor</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">December 25th, The Nativity of Our Lord Jesus Christ, Christmas Day</font> <br><br><br> <img src="12.25.09A.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""><br><br><br> <a href="Christmas%20Day%20Devotions.html">Christmas Day Prayers and Devotions</a> <a href="Christmas%20Day%20Sermons%2001.html">Christmas Day Homilies</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Christmas_Child_Lord.html')">The Christmas Child</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Christmas Day_Gospel.html')">Christmas Day: Epistle and Gospel</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Christmas Day.html')">Christmas Day: for Children and Parents</a> <br><br> <A NAME="GoffineMass"style="border-style: none"/></a> <A NAME="GoffineMassParts"style="border-style: none"/></a> <a href="Goffine_Mass_Parts.html">A Devout Guide to follow the Tridentine Latin Mass of Pope St. Pius V. Recommended for Those Who Cannot Attend Mass in Person. Feast of the Immaculate Conception.</a> <a href="The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass.html">The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, Fr. O' Keeffe, 1891</a> <a href="Quo Primum.html">Papal Bull: Quo Primum, the Tridentine Mass for all Times</a> <a href="Why the Latin Mass.html">Why the Mass is in Latin</a> <a href="Catholic Worship.html">Catholic Worship, Explained</a> <a href="Mass at Home.html">Manner of Hearing Mass At Home: For those who on account of sickness, old age, or for other proper reasons cannot assist at holy Mass, especially on Sundays and Holidays</a> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <br><br> <a href="25.html">Advent Calendar: Dec. 1st - Dec. 31st</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Infant Jesus Popup.html')">Prayers and Devotions <br> to the Infant Jesus</a> <a href="Nativity.html">The Nativity</a> <a href="Christmas Creche.html">The Christmas Creche of St. Francis of Assisi</a> <a href="New Christmas Carols.html">Catholic Christmas Carols</a> <a href="Christmas Videos Page.html">Catholic Harbor's Videos <br>for the Christmas Season</a> <a href="Gabriel.html">The Angel Gabriel</a> <a href="Wexford Carol.html">Wexford Carol</a> <a href="Gesu Bambino.html">Gesu Bambino</a> <a href="Noel.html">Noel Nouvelete</a> <a href="First Noel.html">First Noel</a> <a href="Thornwood.html">Mary Walks Amid the Thorn</a> <a href="Infant King.html">Devotions to the Infant King</a> <a href="Index of Childrens Prayer Christmas Version.html">Children Prayers for Christmas and Carols</a> <a href="Jesus of Nazareth the Story of His Life.html">Jesus of Nazareth, the Story of His Life: A Catholic Children's Book, 1906</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('History of Christmas Gueranger.html')">The History of Christmas, by Dom Gueranger</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('The Practice of Christmas.html')">The Practice of Christmas by Fr. Prosper Guarenger, 1876</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('The Mystery of Christmas.html')">The Mystery of Christmas<br> by Fr. Prosper Guarenger, 1876</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Christmas_Day.html')">Short Sermon on Christmas Day</a> <br><br> <font style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);" size="2">The Christmas Office begins with First Vespers (4 pm - 6 pm) on the Vigil of Christmas</font> <br><br> <a href="Little Office Christmas Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Vespers on Christmas Eve to the Purification</a> <br><br> <i>December Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">December Novenas</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Barbara.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Novena to Our Lady of Guadalupe: Dec. 4th - Dec. 12th</option> <option value="St. Lucy.html#Novena">Novena to St. Lucy: Dec. 5th - Dec. 13th</option> <option value="Christmas Novena.html">Christmas Novena: Dec. 16th - Dec. 24th</option> <option value="Stephen Litany.html#Novena">Novena to St. Stephen: Dec. 18th - Dec. 26th</option> <option value="St. John Evangelist Novena.html">Novena to St. John the Evangelist:<br>Dec. 19th - Dec. 27th</option> <option value="Circumcision_Gospel.html">Novena for the Feast of the Circumcision:<br>Dec. 23rd - Dec. 31st</option> <option value="Holy Name.html#Novena">Novena in Honor Holy Name of Jesus: Dec. 25th - Jan. 2nd</option> <option value="Novena of the Epiphany.html">Novena of the Epiphany: Dec. 28th - Jan. 5th</option> <option value="Devotions to the Holy Family.html#Novena">Novena to the Holy Family: Dec. 30th - Jan. 7th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <a href="Tissot Illustrated Bible V1 Part1.html">Vol. 1, Part 1: The Holy Childhood from the Latin Vulgate, as Illustrated by Catholic Artist and Historian, James Tissot, 1899, for the Advent and Christmas Season</a> <a href="Month of the Nativity.html">The Month of the Nativity</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">G</font>rant, we beseech Thee, almighty God: that the new Birth of Thy only-begotten Son in the flesh may deliver us; who are held by the old bondage under the yoke of sin. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i>(Roman Breviary)</i><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">"I</font>n the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God and the Word was God... All things were made by Him". "Thou in the beginning, O Lord, didst found the earth, and the works of Thy hands are the heavens". "Thine are the Heavens and Thine is the earth, the world and the fulness hereof Thou hast founded". Since man was made by Him, by Him also, will he be restored to his first dignity. Therefore "the Word was made Flesh and dwelt among us". "God... last of all in these days (i.e., the age of the Messias), hath spoken to us by His Son who is the brightness of His glory". And the Church sings that "this day a great light hath descended upon the earth". This Light shone in the darkness, but the darkness did not receive it, for "the Word came into the world but His own received Him not, but as many as received Him to them gave He power to become the Sons of God". In short, it was to free us from the bondage of sin, to cleanse us from our faults and to cause us to be born anew to the divine life that the only-begotten Son of God was bom, according to the flesh.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">M</font>ore than seven hundred years before the birth of Christ, Isaias already extolled the power of this Infant-God. "A child is born to us... whose government is upon His shoulder"; while His miracles are foreshadowed by almighty God in delivering the Hebrews from the Egyptian captivity. Now, as then, "all the ends of the earth have seen the salvation that God has brought to His people".<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font>he Redemption accomplished by Christ at His first coming will be completed by Him at the end of time. As St. Paul explains" (our Lord) making purgation of sins, sitteth on the right hand of the Majesty on High", so that His glorified humanity shares the throne of the Eternal God" Thy throne, O God, is for ever and ever ; a sceptre of justice is the sceptre of Thy Kingdom. Justice and judgment are the preparation of Thy throne". "One day," St. Luke tells us, the Son of Man will come ia His glory and that of His Father and His angels, to give to each one according to his works." When (at the end of the world) He bringeth His first-begotten into the world. He saith : "And let all the angels of God adore Him". Then will take place a transformation of all created things, since the Son of God, Himself unchanging, "shall change them as a vesture".<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">A</font>gain, the Apostle, quoting for the seventh time from the passage from which this epistle is taken, adds that almighty God will make of the enemies of Christ a "footstool " for His feet. This will be the final triumph of the Incarnate Word Who, at His second coming will punish those who did not receive Him at His first coming on earth, while He will give a share in His immortality to those who, like the Magi, come to worship from afar, received Him with faith and love and so were made sons of God. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">December 24th, Vigil of the Nativity (Christmas Eve). </font> <br><br> <img src="12.24.2022.jpg"> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner Birth of Christ.html')">Short Sermon on the Birth of Christ</a> <a href="Christmas%20Eve.html">Christmas Eve: St. Alphonsus Liguori</a> <a href="Silent Night Video.html">The Story of Silent Night</a> <a href="New Christmas Carols.html">Christmas Carols</a> <a href="Christmas Videos Page.html">Catholic Harbor's Videos <br>for the Christmas Season</a> <a href="Index of Childrens Prayer Christmas Version.html">Children Prayers and Sermons for the Season of Advent and Christmas</a> <a href="Jesus of Nazareth the Story of His Life.html">Jesus of Nazareth, the Story of His Life: A Catholic Children's Book, 1906</a> <a href="Tissot Illustrated Bible V1 Part1.html">Vol. 1, Part 1: The Holy Childhood from the Latin Vulgate, as Illustrated by Catholic Artist and Historian, James Tissot, 1899, for the Advent and Christmas Season</a> <a href="Month of the Nativity.html">The Month of the Nativity</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('History of Christmas Gueranger.html')">The History of Christmas, by Dom Gueranger</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('The Practice of Christmas.html')">The Practice of Christmas by Fr. Prosper Guarenger, 1876</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('The Mystery of Christmas.html')">The Mystery of Christmas<br> by Fr. Prosper Guarenger, 1876</a> <a href="24.html">Advent Calendar</a> <a href="Christmas Creche.html">The Christmas Creche of St. Francis of Assisi</a> <a href="St. Nicholas.html">St. Nicholas</a> <br><br> <font style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);" size="2">The Christmas Office begins with First Vespers (4 pm - 6 pm) on the Vigil of Christmas</font> <br><br> <a href="Little Office Christmas Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Vespers on Christmas Eve to the Purification</a> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <a href="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">St. Andrew Christmas Novena --Begins the Feast of St. Andrew and ends Christmas Day</a> <a href="Christmas Novena.html">Christmas Novena: Dec. 16th - Dec. 24th</a> <br><br> <i>December Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">December Novenas</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Barbara.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Novena to Our Lady of Guadalupe: Dec. 4th - Dec. 12th</option> <option value="St. Lucy.html#Novena">Novena to St. Lucy: Dec. 5th - Dec. 13th</option> <option value="Christmas Novena.html">Christmas Novena: Dec. 16th - Dec. 24th</option> <option value="Stephen Litany.html#Novena">Novena to St. Stephen: Dec. 18th - Dec. 26th</option> <option value="St. John Evangelist Novena.html">Novena to St. John the Evangelist:<br>Dec. 19th - Dec. 27th</option> <option value="Circumcision_Gospel.html">Novena for the Feast of the Circumcision:<br>Dec. 23rd - Dec. 31st</option> <option value="Holy Name.html#Novena">Novena in Honor Holy Name of Jesus: Dec. 25th - Jan. 2nd</option> <option value="Novena of the Epiphany.html">Novena of the Epiphany: Dec. 28th - Jan. 5th</option> <option value="Devotions to the Holy Family.html#Novena">Novena to the Holy Family: Dec. 30th - Jan. 7th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>Please Remember the Poor Souls in Purgatory During this Christmas Season</i> <br><br> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="The Cry of the Souls_Zollner.html">The Cry of the Souls in Purgatory to us</a> <a href="Visit the Grave_Zollner.html">Three Glances at the Cemetary</a> <a href="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory </a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">Christmastide:</font><br><i> The Christmas season begins with the vigil of the feast (Dec. 24th) and ends in the temporal cycle on the octave day of the Epiphany, Jan. 13; in the sanctoral cycle on the Purification of our Lady (Feb. 2.). </i> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> God, who dost gladden us by the annual expectation of our redemption: grant that we, who joyfully receive Thy only-begotten Son as a Redeemer, may safely behold Thy Son our Lord Jesus Christ coming as a judge: Who liveth etc.   Amen.<br><br> <i>(Roman Breviary)</i><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">Hymn: Verbum Supernum</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">C</font>elestial Word, to this our earth <br> Sent down from God's eternal clime.<br> To save mankind by mortal birth<br> Into a world of change and time;<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">L</font>ighten our hearts, vain hopes destroy; <br> And in thy love's consuming fire <br> Fill all the soul with heavenly joy,<br> And melt the dross of low desire. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">S</font>o when the Judge of quick and dead <br> Shall bid his awful summons come, <br> To whelm the guilty soul with dread, <br> And call the blessed to their home, <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">S</font>aved from the whirling, black abyss,<br> Forevermore to us be given <br> To share the feast of saintly bliss, <br> And see the face of God in heaven.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font>o God the Father and the Son <br> Our songs with one accord we raise;<br> And to the Holy Spirit, <br> One With them, be ever equal praise. Amen.<br> <br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font style>he Vigil of Christmas is impregnated with holy cheerfulness, and if it were not for the vestments of penance and fasting, one would imagine bit the feast had begun.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font style>he Church joyfully awaits the twofold coming of her Redeemer, (Collect) who "saves His people from their sins" (Gospel) and who is the Shepherd of Israel (Gradual) that is the Church, of whom all are members who have faith in Jesus Christ. Thus Isaias foretells that " all flesh shall see the salvation of God" and St. Paul adds that he has been chosen to be the Apostle of the Gospel, "for obedience to the faith in all nations for His name." <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">W</font style>ith the help of to-day's Mass, we may prepare to celebrate the anniversary of the "adorable birthday" of the only-begotten Son of God (Secret and Postcommunion), the son of David, whom the spouse of Joseph brought into the world (Gospel) and who, " born as man" according to the seed of' David, has by His Resurrection proved, beyond all question, that He was God (Epistle). <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">S</font style>ince this resurrection was for Christ the prelude to His glorious reign, for us it is the pledge of our own glorification and resurrection at the end of time; thus, to-day's liturgy prepares us for the second Coming of our Lord. "To-day", the Introit and the Gradual say, "you shall know that the Lord will come and save us and in the morning you shall see His glory." "Sanctify yourselves and be ye ready," says the first response at Matins, "for to-morrow, you shall see the Son of God in your midst." <br><br> "<font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">B</font style>y these two days, to-day and to-morrow," explains St. Bernard, are meant that of the present life which is short and gloomy, and that of eternity amidst the splendours of the saints. Our learning here below consists in remembering that the Lord is coming; and it is the first Coming of the Son of God which enlightens us about His second Coming. It calls forth contrition, blazes forth in correction, shines through our zeal and renews us within and without. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">M</font style>editate on the marvels of the Lord's mercy vouchsafed in His Incarnation, that when the last morning dawns, we may contemplate those of his glory. <br><br> "<font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font style>o-morrow" says the Alleluia, "shall the iniquity of the earth be abolished; and the Saviour of the world shall reign over us." "Almighty God, the Creator of all things," adds the psalmist, "is indeed the King of glory, having snatched man from the power of Satan, receives him into His heavenly Jerusalem. Then shall the glory of the Lord be manifested" (Com.). Let us, therefore, prepare ourselves "with holy joy, celebrating the coming of the only-begotten Son of God, who comes as Redeemer at Christmas, in order that we may be able to contemplate Him with assurance, when He shall come as Judge at the end of the world" (Collect). <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <A NAME="Advent4"style="border-style: none"/></a> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">December 24th, 4th Sunday of Advent</font> <br><br> <i> Only with an intense desire for the coming of Jesus Christ can we begin to merit His spiritual gifts. The Catholic Liturgy reminds us, during these four weeks, of the time during which the world was without Jesus. This mediator we now await, and since we can go to God only through Him, we implore Him to hasten His coming. </i> <br><br><br> <img src="4th Sunday in Advent Sidebar.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""> <br><br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner Preparation for Birth of Christ.html')">Short Sermon on the Preparation for the Birth of Christ</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Fourth Sunday of Advent Fullness of Time.html')">4th Sunday in Advent: The Fullness of Time</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Fourth Sunday of Advent.html')">The Love of God</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Fourth Sunday of Advent_Gospel.html')">Fourth Sunday of Advent: Epistle and Gospel</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon 4th Sunday of Advent.html')">Fourth Sunday of Advent: <br>for Children and Parents</a> <a href="Christ%20Our%20Lord.html">Christ Our Lord</a> <A NAME="GoffineMass"style="border-style: none"/></a> <A NAME="GoffineMassParts"style="border-style: none"/></a> <a href="Goffine_Mass_Parts.html">A Devout Guide to follow the Tridentine Latin Mass of Pope St. Pius V. Recommended for Those Who Cannot Attend Mass in Person. Feast of the Immaculate Conception.</a> <a href="The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass.html">The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, Fr. O' Keeffe, 1891</a> <a href="Quo Primum.html">Papal Bull: Quo Primum, the Tridentine Mass for all Times</a> <a href="Why the Latin Mass.html">Why the Mass is in Latin</a> <a href="Catholic Worship.html">Catholic Worship, Explained</a> <a href="Mass at Home.html">Manner of Hearing Mass At Home: For those who on account of sickness, old age, or for other proper reasons cannot assist at holy Mass, especially on Sundays and Holidays</a> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <br><br> <a href="Index of Childrens Prayer Christmas Version.html">Children Prayers and Sermons for the Season of Advent and Christmas</a> <a href="Thornwood.html">Mary Walks Amid the Thorns: Hymn for the 4th Sunday of Advent</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('The Mystery of Christmas.html')">The Mystery of Christmas<br> by Fr. Prosper Guarenger, 1876</a> <a href="Christmas Creche.html">The Christmas Creche of St. Francis of Assisi</a> <a href="New Christmas Carols.html">Christmas Carols</a> <a href="Christmas Videos Page.html">Catholic Harbor's Videos <br>for the Christmas Season</a> <a href="Christmas Novena.html">Christmas Novena: Dec. 16th - Dec. 24th</a> <a href="In Defence of Mary_Challoner.html">In Defense of Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary, her Perpetual Virginity, the Rosary and the Angelus Domini</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</a> <br><br><br><br> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">December 18th, The Expectation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</font><br><br> <img src="Expectation Miniature.jpg"> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Children Sermon Expectation of Mary.html')">Children's Sermon on the Expectation of Our Lord's Birth</a> <a href="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <br><br> <a href="Little Office Advent Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Season of Advent</a> <a href="Month of the Nativity.html">The Month of the Nativity</a> <a href="18.html">Advent Calendar</a> <a href="Tissot Illustrated Bible V1 Part1.html">Vol. 1, Part 1: The Holy Childhood from the Latin Vulgate, as Illustrated by Catholic Artist and Historian, James Tissot, 1899, for the Advent and Christmas Season</a> <br><br> <i>December Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">December Novenas</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Barbara.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Novena to Our Lady of Guadalupe: Dec. 4th - Dec. 12th</option> <option value="St. Lucy.html#Novena">Novena to St. Lucy: Dec. 5th - Dec. 13th</option> <option value="Christmas Novena.html">Christmas Novena: Dec. 16th - Dec. 24th</option> <option value="Stephen Litany.html#Novena">Novena to St. Stephen: Dec. 18th - Dec. 26th</option> <option value="St. John Evangelist Novena.html">Novena to St. John the Evangelist:<br>Dec. 19th - Dec. 27th</option> <option value="Circumcision_Gospel.html">Novena for the Feast of the Circumcision:<br>Dec. 23rd - Dec. 31st</option> <option value="Holy Name.html#Novena">Novena in Honor Holy Name of Jesus: Dec. 25th - Jan. 2nd</option> <option value="Novena of the Epiphany.html">Novena of the Epiphany: Dec. 28th - Jan. 5th</option> <option value="Devotions to the Holy Family.html#Novena">Novena to the Holy Family: Dec. 30th - Jan. 7th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">St. Andrew Christmas Novena --Begins the Feast of St. Andrew and ends Christmas Day</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">The Expectation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</font><br><br> <i>from the Liturgical year, 1910</i><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">T</font>his feast, which is now kept not only throughout the whole of Spain but in almost all the Churches of the Catholic world, owes its origin to the bishops of the tenth Council of Toledo, in 656. These prelates thought that there was an incongruity in the ancient practice of celebrating the feast of the Annunciation on the twenty-fifth of March, inasmuch as this joyful solemnity frequently occurs at the time when the Church is intent upon the Passion of our Lord, so that it is sometimes obliged to be transferred into Easter time, with which it is out of harmony for another reason; they therefore decreed that, henceforth, in the Church of Spain there should be kept, eight days before Christmas, a solemn feast with an octave, in honour of the Annunciation, and as a preparation for the great solemnity of our Lord's Nativity. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">I</font>n course of time, however, the Church of Spain saw the necessity of returning to the practice of the Church of Rome, and of those of the whole world, which solemnize the twenty-fifth of March as the day of our Lady's Annunciation and the Incarnation of the Son of God. But such had been, for ages, the devotion of the people for the feast of the eighteenth of December, that it was considered requisite to maintain some vestige of it. They discontinued, therefore, to celebrate the Annunciation on this day; but the faithful were requested to consider, with devotion, what must have been the sentiments of the holy Mother of God during the days immediately preceding her giving Him birth. A new feast was instituted, under the name of the 'Expectation of the blessed Virgin's delivery.'<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">P</font>rayer: Most just indeed it is, O holy Mother of God, that we should unite in that ardent desire thou hadst to see Him, who had been concealed for nine months in thy chaste womb ; to know the features of this Son of the heavenly Father, who is also thine; to come to that blissful hour of His birth, which will give glory to God in the highest, and, on earth, peace to men of good-will. Yes, dear Mother, the time is fast approaching, though not fast enough to satisfy thy desires and ours. Make us redouble our attention to the great mystery; complete our preparation by thy powerful prayers for us, that when the solemn hour has come, our Jesus may find no obstacle to His entrance into our hearts.<br><br><br> <i>The Great Antiphon to Our Lady</i><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">O</font> Virgin of virgins! how shall this be? for never was there one like thee, nor will there ever be. Ye daughters of Jerusalem, why look ye wondering at me? What ye behold, is a divine mystery.<br><br> <i>Our Lady of Expectation Pray for us!</i> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <A NAME="Advent3"style="border-style: none"/></a> <img src="Miniature_3rd_Sunday_Advent.jpg"> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font>n this Gaudete (Rejoice) Sunday, we are invited to spiritual joy, for the "the Lord is near"; but we are also warned like the Pharisees to whom St. John the Baptist said: "In the midst of you there has stood One Whom you do not know." This and the 4th Sunday of Lent are the only Sundays throught the year in which rose colored vestments are permitted because of the theme of joy througout the Mass. <br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">December 17th, Gaudete Sunday </font> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Third Sunday of Advent.html')">Third Sunday of Advent</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Third Sunday of Advent Second Sermon.html')">Third Sunday of Advent: Three-fold Hope</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Third Sunday of Advent_Gospel.html')">Third Sunday of Advent: Epistle and Gospel</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon 3rd Sunday of Advent.html')">Third Sunday of Advent: <br>for Children and Parents</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Death-Bed Conversion.html')">Death-Bed Repentance</a> <a href="The Penitent Christian.html">The Penitent Christian</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners.html')">The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners</a> <a href="The Judge as God.html">The Judge as God</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Turning from Sin.html')">Two Short Sermons: On Turning from Sin to God and the Sentiments of a Penitent Sinner</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Take an Account_2018.html')">Taking an Account of Your Life During the Season of Advent</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Preparation_Repentance_Confession.html')">On the Preparation Necessary to Make a Good Confession<br><br> On Motives for Repentance and Contrition Necessary for a Good Confession</a> <br><br> <A NAME="GoffineMass"style="border-style: none"/></a> <A NAME="GoffineMassParts"style="border-style: none"/></a> <a href="Goffine_Mass_Parts.html">A Devout Guide to follow the Tridentine Latin Mass of Pope St. Pius V. Recommended for Those Who Cannot Attend Mass in Person. Feast of the Immaculate Conception.</a> <a href="The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass.html">The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, Fr. O' Keeffe, 1891</a> <a href="Quo Primum.html">Papal Bull: Quo Primum, the Tridentine Mass for all Times</a> <a href="Why the Latin Mass.html">Why the Mass is in Latin</a> <a href="Catholic Worship.html">Catholic Worship, Explained</a> <a href="Mass at Home.html">Manner of Hearing Mass At Home: For those who on account of sickness, old age, or for other proper reasons cannot assist at holy Mass, especially on Sundays and Holidays</a> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <br><br> <a href="In Defence of Mary_Challoner.html">In Defense of Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary, her Perpetual Virginity, the Rosary and the Angelus Domini</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</a> <a href="Prayers for America_2016.html#Patroness">Patroness of America</a> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <a href="Mass at Home.html">Manner of Hearing Mass At Home: For those who on account of sickness, old age, or for other proper reasons cannot assist at holy Mass, especially on Sundays and Holidays</a> <br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">December 16th, St. Eusebius, Bishop and Martyr. </font> <br><br> <img src="12.16.11.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""><br><br> <a href="Sacred Heart Enthronement.html">The Enthronement of the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <a href="Devotions to the Sacred Heart.html#Reparation">Act of Reparation to the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <a href="Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus.html">Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Eusebius.html')">St. Eusebius</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Matters of Faith Profession of Faith.html')">Are we bound to profess our Catholic Faith openly?</a> <a href="Litany of Faith Main.html">Litany of Faith and the Necessity of the Catholic Faith for Salvation</a> <a href="What Every Christian Must Do Main.html">What Cannot and What Can Be Reformed in the Church. What Every Christian Must Believe and Do to be Saved.</a> <br><br> <a href="LOIMCP_Index.html"> <font style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);" size="1.5">                  Newly Added</font><br>The Little Office of the Immaculate Conception</a> <a href="Little Office Advent Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Season of Advent</a> <a href="16.html">Advent Calendar: with daily meditations through Dec. 31st</a> <a href="Month of the Nativity.html">The Month of the Nativity</a> <a href="Mass at Home.html">Manner of Hearing Mass At Home: For those who on account of sickness, old age, or for other proper reasons cannot assist at holy Mass, especially on Sundays and Holidays</a> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <br><br> <i>December Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">December Novenas</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Barbara.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Novena to Our Lady of Guadalupe: Dec. 4th - Dec. 12th</option> <option value="St. Lucy.html#Novena">Novena to St. Lucy: Dec. 5th - Dec. 13th</option> <option value="Christmas Novena.html">Christmas Novena: Dec. 16th - Dec. 24th</option> <option value="Stephen Litany.html#Novena">Novena to St. Stephen: Dec. 18th - Dec. 26th</option> <option value="St. John Evangelist Novena.html">Novena to St. John the Evangelist:<br>Dec. 19th - Dec. 27th</option> <option value="Circumcision_Gospel.html">Novena for the Feast of the Circumcision:<br>Dec. 23rd - Dec. 31st</option> <option value="Holy Name.html#Novena">Novena in Honor Holy Name of Jesus: Dec. 25th - Jan. 2nd</option> <option value="Novena of the Epiphany.html">Novena of the Epiphany: Dec. 28th - Jan. 5th</option> <option value="Devotions to the Holy Family.html#Novena">Novena to the Holy Family: Dec. 30th - Jan. 7th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">St. Andrew Christmas Novena --Begins the Feast of St. Andrew and ends Christmas Day</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">St. Eusebius, Bishop and Martyr</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> God, Who dost gladden us at the yearly festival of blessed Eusebius, Thy Martyr and Bishop, grant in Thy mercy, that we who keep his festival may also enjoy his protection. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i>(Roman Breviary)</i><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">S</font>aint Eusebius was born of a noble family on the island of Sardinia, where his father is said to have died in prison for the Faith. He was brought up in Rome in the practice of piety, and studied in Vercelli, a city of Piedmont. Eusebius was ordained a priest there, and served the Church of Vercelli with such zeal that when the episcopal chair became vacant he was unanimously chosen, by both clergy and people, to fill it.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font>he holy bishop saw that the best and principal means to labor effectually for the edification and sanctification of his people was to have a zealous clergy. Saint Ambrose assures us that he was the first bishop who in the West united the monastic life with the clerical, living and having his clergy live almost like the monks of the East in the deserts. They shared a common life of prayer and penance, in a single residence, that of the bishop, as did the clergy of Saint Augustine in his African see. Saint Eusebius was very careful to instruct his flock in the maxims of the Gospel. The force of the truth which he preached, together with his example, brought many sinners to a change of life.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">W</font>hen a Council was held in Italy, under the influence of the Emperor Constans and the Arian heretics, with the intention of condemning Saint Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria, Saint Eusebius courageously resisted the heretics. He attempted to have all present sign the Nicene Creed, but the paper was torn out of his hands and his pen was broken. With Saint Dionysus of Milan, he refused to sign the condemnation of the bishop of Alexandria. The Emperor therefore had him banished to Scythopolis in Palestine with Saint Dionysus of Milan, then to Cappadocia, where Saint Dionysus died; and finally he was taken to the Upper Thebaid in Egypt, where he suffered grievously. The Arians of these places loaded him with outrages and treated him cruelly, and Saint Eusebius confounded them wherever they were.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">A</font>t the death of Constans in 361, he was permitted to return to his diocese, where he continued to combat Arianism, concertedly with Saint Hilarion of Poitiers. He has been called a martyr in two panegyrics appended to the works of Saint Ambrose. Two of his letters, written from his dungeons, are still extant, the only ones of his writings which have survived. One is addressed to his church, the other to the bishop of Elvira to encourage him to oppose a fallen heretic and not fear the power of princes. He died in about the year 370. His relics are in a shrine in the Cathedral of Vercelli. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">December 12th, Our Lady of Guadalupe</font> <br><br> <img src="Saint%20of%20the%20Day%2012.12.08.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""> <br><br> <a href="Guadalupe_Book.html">Our Lady of America-Liturgically Known as Holy Mary of Guadalupe</a> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe: Final Day of Novena</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Guadalupe Spain Popup.html')">The Spanish History of Our Lady of Guadalupe Prior to the 16th Century Apparitions in Mexico</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Apparitions of Guadalupe Popup.html')">The Narative of the Apparitions of Our Lady of Guadalupe</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Portrait Our Lady of Guadalupe.html')">The Image of Our Lady Guadalupe as recounted by Emmanuel Amor 1885</a> <a href="Medical Jurisprudence.html#Part3">A Series of Catholic Lectures on the Evils of Abortion and <br>the Defense of the Unborn</a> <a href="Blessings%20of%20Children.html">Blessings of Many Children</a> <a href="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</a> <a href="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</a> <a href="Prayers for America_2016.html#Abortion">Prayers for America and Guidelines for Making a Moral Decision: The Crime of Abortion</a> <br><br> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <a href="Little Office Advent Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Season of Advent</a> <a href="12.html">Advent Calendar: with daily meditations through Dec. 31st</a> <a href="Month of the Nativity.html">The Month of the Nativity</a> <br><br> <i>December Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">December Novenas</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Barbara.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Novena to Our Lady of Guadalupe: Dec. 4th - Dec. 12th</option> <option value="St. Lucy.html#Novena">Novena to St. Lucy: Dec. 5th - Dec. 13th</option> <option value="Christmas Novena.html">Christmas Novena: Dec. 16th - Dec. 24th</option> <option value="Stephen Litany.html#Novena">Novena to St. Stephen: Dec. 18th - Dec. 26th</option> <option value="St. John Evangelist Novena.html">Novena to St. John the Evangelist:<br>Dec. 19th - Dec. 27th</option> <option value="Circumcision_Gospel.html">Novena for the Feast of the Circumcision:<br>Dec. 23rd - Dec. 31st</option> <option value="Holy Name.html#Novena">Novena in Honor Holy Name of Jesus: Dec. 25th - Jan. 2nd</option> <option value="Novena of the Epiphany.html">Novena of the Epiphany: Dec. 28th - Jan. 5th</option> <option value="Devotions to the Holy Family.html#Novena">Novena to the Holy Family: Dec. 30th - Jan. 7th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">St. Andrew Christmas Novena --Begins the Feast of St. Andrew and ends Christmas Day</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">Our Lady of Guadalupe</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> God, Who hast willed that, under the special patronage of the blessed Virgin Mary, we be laden with perpetual favors, grant to Thy suppliants that, as we this day rejoice in her commemoration on earth, we may enjoy the vision of her in heaven. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i>(Roman Breviary)</i><br><br><br> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <A NAME="secondsunday"style="border-style: none"/></a> <A NAME="Advent2"style="border-style: none"/></a> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">December 10th, Second Sunday in Advent</font><br><br> <i> In today's Liturgy we encounter an insistent invitation to the virtue of Hope. Our hearts shall be filled with joy at the coming of our Lord to save all the nations of the world. According to St. Paul, all the sacred writers were inspired by our Lord to encourage the virtue of Hope. </i> <br><br> <img src="2nd Sunday in Advent Sidebar.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""><br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Second Sunday of Advent.html')">Second Sunday of Advent</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Fr. Weninger Second Sunday in Advent.html')">2nd Sunday of Advent: <br>Are you truly converted?</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Second Sunday of Advent_Gospel.html')">Second Sunday of Advent: Epistle and Gospel</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon 2nd Sunday of Advent.html')">Second Sunday of Advent: <br>for Children and Parents</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challonder_death_bed.html')">On Death-Bed Performances</a> <a href="The Prodigal Son, the Sinner's Return to God.html">The Prodigal Son, the Sinner's Return to God</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Certainty of Death.html')">On the Certainty of Death</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Last_Days.html')">Five Short Sermons On:<br> 1.) The Terrors of the Last Days <br> 2.) The General Resurrection<br> 3.) The Coming of the Judge<br> 4.) The Separation of the Good from the Bad<br> 5.) The Opening of the Books </a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Preparation_Repentance_Confession.html')">Preparation Necessary to Make a Good Confession<br><br> On Motives for Repentance and Contrition Necessary for a Good Confession</a> <A NAME="GoffineMass"style="border-style: none"/></a> <A NAME="GoffineMassParts"style="border-style: none"/></a> <a href="Goffine_Mass_Parts.html">A Devout Guide to follow the Tridentine Latin Mass of Pope St. Pius V. Recommended for Those Who Cannot Attend Mass in Person. 2nd Sunday in Advent.</a> <a href="The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass.html">The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, Fr. O' Keeffe, 1891</a> <a href="Quo Primum.html">Papal Bull: Quo Primum, the Tridentine Mass for all Times</a> <a href="Why the Latin Mass.html">Why the Mass is in Latin</a> <a href="Catholic Worship.html">Catholic Worship, Explained</a> <a href="Mass at Home.html">Manner of Hearing Mass At Home: For those who on account of sickness, old age, or for other proper reasons cannot assist at holy Mass, especially on Sundays and Holidays</a> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <br><br><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">December 10th, St. Melchaides, Pope and Martyr</font> <br><br> <img src="12.10.14.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""><br><br> <a href="Immaculate%20Heart%20of%20Mary.html#OLS">Our Lady's Saturday</a> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</a> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#First Saturday">Five First Saturdays</a> <a href="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary; Fatima and the Rosary</a> <a href="Remodel_your_home.html">Remodel Your Home After Mary's Heart</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Manning_Revolt_Society.html')">The Revolt of Society from God</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception 3rd Day of Octave Gueranger.html')">3rd Day within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception from the Liturgical Year, 1870</a> <a href="Full of Grace_2018.html">Mary, Full of Grace</a> <br><br> <img src="House of Loreto_Sidebar_2019.jpg" style="border-style: none"> <br><br> <i>Also celebrated in some places on December 10th is the feast of the Holy House of Loreto</i><br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy <br>House of Loretto</a> <a href="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</a> <a href="Little Office Advent Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Season of Advent</a> <a href="10.html">Advent Calendar: with daily meditations through Dec. 31st</a> <a href="Month of the Nativity.html">The Month of the Nativity</a> <br><br> <i>December Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">December Novenas</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Barbara.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Novena to Our Lady of Guadalupe: Dec. 4th - Dec. 12th</option> <option value="St. Lucy.html#Novena">Novena to St. Lucy: Dec. 5th - Dec. 13th</option> <option value="Christmas Novena.html">Christmas Novena: Dec. 16th - Dec. 24th</option> <option value="Stephen Litany.html#Novena">Novena to St. Stephen: Dec. 18th - Dec. 26th</option> <option value="St. John Evangelist Novena.html">Novena to St. John the Evangelist:<br>Dec. 19th - Dec. 27th</option> <option value="Circumcision_Gospel.html">Novena for the Feast of the Circumcision:<br>Dec. 23rd - Dec. 31st</option> <option value="Holy Name.html#Novena">Novena in Honor Holy Name of Jesus: Dec. 25th - Jan. 2nd</option> <option value="Novena of the Epiphany.html">Novena of the Epiphany: Dec. 28th - Jan. 5th</option> <option value="Devotions to the Holy Family.html#Novena">Novena to the Holy Family: Dec. 30th - Jan. 7th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">St. Andrew Christmas Novena --Begins the Feast of St. Andrew and ends Christmas Day</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Little Office Advent Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Season of Advent</a> <br><br> <i>Related links for the Sacrament of Penance</i> <br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="">Select from the Following:</option> <option value="Examine%20Index.html">Examination of Conscience</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On the Vice of Impurity.html#Idolatry')">The Idolatry of the Creature Due to Impurity</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Unchaste Thoughts and Desires.html')">Moral Teaching on Unchaste Thoughts and Desires and Prayers to Overcome Temptations</option> <option value="Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Sacrament of Penance</option> <option value="Confession Q and A.html">The Sacrament of Penance, All of Your Questions Answered</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Confession.html')">On the Benefits of a Good Confession</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Turning from Sin.html')">Two Short Sermons: <br>On Turning from Sin to God <br> The Sentiments of a Penitent Sinner</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Relapse into Sin popup.html')">Causes of Relapse into Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Preparation_Repentance_Confession.html')"> On the Preparation Necessary to <br>Make a Good Confession<br><br> On Motives for Repentance and Contrition <br>Necessary for a Good Confession</option> <option value="Self-Examination.html">The Necessity of Self-Examination</option> <option value="Examine 9.html">The Seven Deadly Sins, Nine Ways to Being an Accessory to Another's Sin, Sins Against the Holy Spirit</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Exposition on the Sixth Commandment.html')">The Sixth Commandment: Explained by St. Thomas Aquinas</option> <option value="Ritual%20of%20the%20Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Rite of Confession </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Thirteenth Sunday After Pentecost.html#General Confession')">General Confession</option> <option value="The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin Liguori.html">The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin<br>by St. Alphonsus Liguori</option> <option value="Contrition.html">Contrition</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment.html')">Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment</option> <option value="False Peace Sinful Conscience.html">The False Peace of a Sinful Conscience, by Fr. Hunolt, 1691-1746</option> <option value="Render Our Account.html">Render an Account of Your Life: A Must Read for Every Soul </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Sinner seeks God.html')">The Sinner will Seek God at Death</option> <option value="St. Alphonsu the number of sins.html">On the Number of Sins, by St. Aphonsus Di Liguori</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="Penitent%27s%20Prayer.html">Penitent's Consolation</option> <option value="Sin.html">The Nature of Sin</option> <option value="Folly of Sin.html">The Folly of Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Venial Sins.html')">On Not Making Light of Venial Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Multitude_of_Sins.html')">On the Multitude of Our Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Mortal Sin.html')"><br>On the Horror of Mortal Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Spiritual Murder.html')">On Spiritual Murder</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Thursday_First_Week_Lent.html')">Examination of Our Duties <br>and State of Life</option> <option value="Conscience.html">Conscience</option> <option value="Ten%20Commandments%20Index.html">Index of the Ten Commandments</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners.html')">The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners</option> <option value="The Sinners Guide.html">The Sinner's Guide <br>by Ven. Louis of Granada, O.P.</option> <option value="Childrens Confession.html">Catholic Instruction for Children for the Sacrament of Penance, 1897</option> </option></select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">St. Melchaides, Pope and Martyr</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> eternal Shepherd, watch over the flock, and through blessed Melchaides, Thy Martyr and Sovereign Pontiff, whom thou didst appoint shepherd over the whole Church, keep her under Thy constant protection. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> Ant. This Saint hath striven for the law of his God even unto death, and hath not feared for the words of the ungodly; for he had been founded upon a firm rock. <br><br> V. Thou hast crowned him with glory and honor, O Lord. <br><br> R. And hast set him over the works of Thy hands. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)</i><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">H</font>e was of African origin, and combated the Donatist heresy, and excommunicated Donatus, Bishop of Cellae Negrae in Numidia, who denied absolution to the "Betrayers," as thy called those who had given up the sacred books to the heathens. When Donatists appealed to the Emperor Constantine to obtain his support against the African Catholics, he rebuked them for seeking the aid of temporal authority, and at once referred them to the Pope, Melchiades. "But because," says St. Augustine, "Constantine dared not judge the bishops' cause, he appointed it to be discussed and terminated by bishops, which also was done at Tome, under the presidency of Melchiades."<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font>he Pope chose fifteen bishops out of Italy to sit with him; and by them the too rigorous Donatists were condemned (A.D. 313.) <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <A NAME="icblv"style="border-style: none"/></a> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">December 8th, Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary</font> <br><br> <img src="Saint%20of%20the%20Day%2012.08.08.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""><br><br> <a href="LOIMCP_Index.html"> <font style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);" size="1.5">                  Newly Added</font><br>The Little Office of the Immaculate Conception</a> <a href="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</a> <a href="Immaculate%20Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the <br>Immaculate Conception</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Immaculate Conception.html')">Children's Mass for the Feast of the Immaculate Conception</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Epistle_Gospel_Immaculate_Conception.html')">Instructions on the Feast of Immaculate Conception</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Immaculate Conception.html')"> Short Sermon on the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <a href="Guadalupe_Book.html">Our Lady of America-Liturgically Known as Holy Mary of Guadalupe</a> <br><br> <A NAME="GoffineMass"style="border-style: none"/></a> <A NAME="GoffineMassParts"style="border-style: none"/></a> <a href="Goffine_Mass_Parts.html">A Devout Guide to follow the Tridentine Latin Mass of Pope St. Pius V. Recommended for Those Who Cannot Attend Mass in Person. Feast of the Immaculate Conception.</a> <a href="The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass.html">The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, Fr. O' Keeffe, 1891</a> <a href="Quo Primum.html">Papal Bull: Quo Primum, the Tridentine Mass for all Times</a> <a href="Why the Latin Mass.html">Why the Mass is in Latin</a> <a href="Catholic Worship.html">Catholic Worship, Explained</a> <a href="Mass at Home.html">Manner of Hearing Mass At Home: For those who on account of sickness, old age, or for other proper reasons cannot assist at holy Mass, especially on Sundays and Holidays</a> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <br><br> <a href="In Defence of Mary_Challoner.html">In Defense of Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary, her Perpetual Virginity, the Rosary and the Angelus Domini</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</a> <a href="Prayers for America_2016.html#Patroness">Patroness of America</a> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <a href="Mass at Home.html">Manner of Hearing Mass At Home: For those who on account of sickness, old age, or for other proper reasons cannot assist at holy Mass, especially on Sundays and Holidays</a> <br><br> <i>Related Links:</i><br><br> <a href="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal <br>the Origin and History</a> <a href="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</a> <a href="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</a> <a href="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the <br>Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <a href="8.html">Advent Calendar: with daily meditations through Dec. 31st</a> <a href="Little Office Advent Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Season of Advent</a> <a href="Angelus_2019.html">The Angelus: Prayer, Explanation, 10 Years Indulgence</a> <a href="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary<br>The Mother of God</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</a> <a href="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</a> <a href="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</a> <a href="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim <br>and St. Anne, 1859</a> <br><br> <i>December Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">December Novenas</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Barbara.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Novena to Our Lady of Guadalupe: Dec. 4th - Dec. 12th</option> <option value="St. Lucy.html#Novena">Novena to St. Lucy: Dec. 5th - Dec. 13th</option> <option value="Christmas Novena.html">Christmas Novena: Dec. 16th - Dec. 24th</option> <option value="Stephen Litany.html#Novena">Novena to St. Stephen: Dec. 18th - Dec. 26th</option> <option value="St. John Evangelist Novena.html">Novena to St. John the Evangelist:<br>Dec. 19th - Dec. 27th</option> <option value="Circumcision_Gospel.html">Novena for the Feast of the Circumcision:<br>Dec. 23rd - Dec. 31st</option> <option value="Holy Name.html#Novena">Novena in Honor Holy Name of Jesus: Dec. 25th - Jan. 2nd</option> <option value="Novena of the Epiphany.html">Novena of the Epiphany: Dec. 28th - Jan. 5th</option> <option value="Devotions to the Holy Family.html#Novena">Novena to the Holy Family: Dec. 30th - Jan. 7th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">St. Andrew Christmas Novena --Begins the Feast of St. Andrew and ends Christmas Day</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Little Office Advent Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Season of Advent</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> God, Who by the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin didst prepare a worthy dwelling-place for Thy Son: we beseech Thee, that, as by the death of the same Son, foreseen by Thee, thou didst keep her free from all stain, so by her intercession Thou wouldst grant to us also to come with clean hearts to Thee. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> V. This day is the Immaculate Conception of the Holy Virgin Mary. <br><br> R. Who with her virginal foot crushed the serpent's head. <br><br> Ant. All generations shall call me blessed, because he who is mighty has done great things for me, alleluia. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)</i><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">W</font>ho and what was the blessed and glorious Mary, always a Virgin, has been revealed by God in the message of an Angel, in these words, Hail, full of grace; the Lord is with thee: blessed art thou among women. It was fitting that a fulness of grace should be poured into that Virgin who gave glory to the heavens, and the Lord to the earth, who has brought peace to earth, who has given faith to the Gentiles, who has killed sin, who has given law to life, who has made the crooked ways straight. Truly, she is full of grace; for to others grace comes measure by measure, whereas in Mary grace dwells at once in all fulness. Truly, she is full of grace.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">W</font>e believe that the holy Fathers and Prophets had grace; but they were not full of grace. But into Mary came a fulness of all the grace which is in Christ, although in a different manner. Therefore is it said: Blessed art thou among women, that is, Blessed art thou above all women. And thus the fulness of blessing in Mary took away entirely whatever curse was put upon Eve. In her praise Solomon writes in the Canticle of Canticles, Come, my dove, my spotless one. For winter is now past, the rain is over and gone. And again. Come from Libanus, come, thou shalt be crowned.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">N</font>ot unfittingly therefore is she bidden to come from Libanus, for Libanus means a radiant whiteness. For she was dazzlingly white with her many virtues and merits, and by the gifts of the Holy Ghost she was cleansed whiter than snow; showing in all things the simplicity of a dove; for all in her was purity and simplicity, truth and grace; all mercy and justice, which has looked down from heaven: and for this reason was she immaculate, because corruption was not found in her. She encompassed a man in her womb, as holy Jeremias testifies, and she received him from no other person.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font>he Lord, he says, has made a new thing upon the earth, and a woman shall encompass a man. Truly a new thing, and a novelty of power preeminent above all novelties, in that God (whom the world cannot bear, nor man see and live), entered the hospice of her womb, as if unaware of her virginity; was so borne therein that the whole God was in her; and so came forth that, (as Ezechiel prophesies), the door remained shut. So the same Canticle sings of her: A garden enclosed, a fountain sealed up, thy plants are a paradise. Truly a garden of delights, in which were all manner of flowers, and the perfume of virtues; so enclosed that neither violation nor corruption by any deceit were known. Therefore: a fountain sealed with the seal of the whole Trinity. <br><br><br></font><hr><font style="" size="2.5"><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">Hymn: Praeclara custos</font><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">F</font>air guardian of the virgin choir, Unsullied Mother of the Lord, Our hope, the Angels' joy, in whom A door to heaven is restored;<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font>hou lily, white amid the thorns, Thou dove, with wondrous beauty girt; Thou tender stem from Jesse's root Whose Blossom heals our deadly hurt.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font>hou tower beyond the dragon's reach; Thou friendly star to shipwrecked men, From error guide us by thy light, That we may find our course again:<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">D</font>ispel the mists that dim our eyes, From treacherous shoals divert our way, Lest on the storm-tossed sea of life From thy safe course we go astray.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">A</font>ll honor, laud, and glory be, O Jesu, Virgin-born, to thee; All glory, as is ever meet, To Father and to Paraclete.<br><br> Amen <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">December 7th, St. Ambrose, Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church. Vigil of the Immaculate Conception: Day of Fast and Total Abstinence<br><br></font> <img src="Saint%20of%20the%20Day%2012.07.08.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""><br><br> <a href="7.html">Advent Calendar: with daily meditations through Dec. 31st</a> <a href="St.%20Ambrose.html">St. Ambrose </a> <a href="St. Augustine.html">St. Augustine of Hippo</a> <A HREF="The Coming and Cruelty of Antichrist.html">I.&#160&#160&#160&#160&#160&#160&#160On the Coming and <Br>&#160&#160&#160&#160&#160&#160&#160&#160&#160Cruelty of Antichrist</A> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Temptations Bishop Ehrler.html')">Part 1:  Temptations: <br>             Why we have them</a> <a href="Devils who Tempt.html">Temptations and the Devils who Tempt</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Death-Bed Conversion.html')">Death-Bed Repentance</a> <a href="How to Teach Our Little Ones.html">How to Teach Little Ones: A Children's Catechism</a> <a href="Instruction for Children.html">On the Mode of Teaching Christian Doctrine to Children</a> <a href="Month of the Nativity.html">The Month of the Nativity</a> <a href="Tissot Illustrated Bible V1 Part1.html">Vol. 1, Part 1: The Holy Childhood from the Latin Vulgate, as Illustrated by Catholic Artist and Historian, James Tissot, 1899, for the Advent and Christmas Season</a> <br><br> <i>December Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">December Novenas</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Barbara.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Novena to Our Lady of Guadalupe: Dec. 4th - Dec. 12th</option> <option value="St. Lucy.html#Novena">Novena to St. Lucy: Dec. 5th - Dec. 13th</option> <option value="Christmas Novena.html">Christmas Novena: Dec. 16th - Dec. 24th</option> <option value="Stephen Litany.html#Novena">Novena to St. Stephen: Dec. 18th - Dec. 26th</option> <option value="St. John Evangelist Novena.html">Novena to St. John the Evangelist:<br>Dec. 19th - Dec. 27th</option> <option value="Circumcision_Gospel.html">Novena for the Feast of the Circumcision:<br>Dec. 23rd - Dec. 31st</option> <option value="Holy Name.html#Novena">Novena in Honor Holy Name of Jesus: Dec. 25th - Jan. 2nd</option> <option value="Novena of the Epiphany.html">Novena of the Epiphany: Dec. 28th - Jan. 5th</option> <option value="Devotions to the Holy Family.html#Novena">Novena to the Holy Family: Dec. 30th - Jan. 7th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">St. Andrew Christmas Novena --Begins the Feast of St. Andrew and ends Christmas Day</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Little Office Advent Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Season of Advent</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">Vigil of the Immaculate Conception<br><br></font> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> God, Who didst wondrously preserve the Mother of Thy Only-begotten Son from original sin in her conception, grant, we beseech Thee, that strenghtened by her intercession we may be ready to keep her festival with pure hearts. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i>(Roman Breviary)</i> <br><br><br> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">St. Ambrose, Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church<br><br></font> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> God, Who didst give blessed Ambrose to be a minister of eternal salvation to Thy people: grant, we beseech Thee, that we who have had him on earthy as Teacher of life, may be worthy to have him for advocate in heaven. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> V. The Lord loved him, and adorned him. <br><br> R. He clothed him with a robe of glory. <br><br> Ant. O excellent Doctor, light of holy Church, blessed Ambrose, lover of the divine law, pray unto the Son of God for us. <br><br> (Roman Breviary) <br><br><br> </i> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">A</font>mbrose, Bishop of Milan, was the son of another Ambrose, a Roman citizen, and was born when his Father was Prefect of Gaul. It a is related that a swarm of bees settled upon his lips when he was in his cradle, which was considered an omen of his future eloquence. He received a liberal education at Rome. He was afterwards, under the Prefect Probus, made governor of Liguria and Aemilia, and so came with authority to Milan.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">W</font>hen the Arian Bishop, Auxentius, died, the most violent disputes arose among the people about the choice of a successor. Ambrose came to the church in his official capacity and urged upon the contending factions, in a long and powerful speech, the necessity of keeping the public peace; whereupon a child suddenly cried out, "Ambrose, Bishop," and the whole assembly tool it up, and unanimously called for his election.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font>n his refusing to accede to their entreaties, the earnest request of the people was presented to the Emperor Valentinian. He was very much pleased that those whom he had selected as judge were sought after as priests. It was also pleasing to the prefect Probus, who, as though he foresaw the event, said to Ambrose in his departure: Go, act not as judge, but as bishop.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font>he desire of the people being thus seconded by the will of the emperor, Ambrose was baptized (for he was still a catechumen), and was admitted to sacred orders, ascending all the degrees of orders as prescribed by the Church; and on the eighth day, which was the seventh of the Ides of December (December 7), he took up the burden of the episcopacy. Being made bishop, he most strenuously defended the Catholic faith and ecclesiastical discipline. He converted to the true faith many Arians and there heretics, among whom as that outstanding light of the Church, St. Augustine, the Spritual child of Ambrose in Christ Jesus.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">W</font>hen the Emperor Gratian was killed. Ambrose again set out as Ambassador to his murderer Maximus, to insist on his doing penance for his crime; and in his refusal, Ambrose refused to hold communion with him. The Emperor Theodosius, having been responsible for the massacre at Thesalonica, was forbidden by the saint to enter the church. On the emperor's excusing himself by saying that King David had also committed murder and adultery, Ambrose replied: Thou hast imitated his sin; now, imitate his repentance. Whereupon, Theodosius humbly performed the public penance which the bishop had imposed upon him.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font>he holy Bishop having thus endured the greatest labors and solicitudes for the Church of God, and having written many admirable books, foretold the day of his death, even before before he was taken with his last sickness. Honoratus, bishop of Vercelli, after three admonitions from God to go to the dying saint, hastened and administered to him the Sacred Body of the Lord. Ambrose having received it, arranged his hands in the form of a cross, prayed, and yielded his soul up to God, on the day before the Nones of April (April 4), in the year of our Lord 397. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">December 6th, St. Nicholas, Bishop and Confessor</font> <br><br> <img src="Saint%20of%20the%20Day%2012.06.08.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""><br><br><br> <a href="St.%20Nicholas.html">St. Nicholas of Myra</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Nicholas Epistle and Gospel.html')">Instructions for the Feast of St. Nicholas, Epistle and Gospel<br></a> <a href="6.html">Advent Calendar: with daily meditations through Dec. 31st</a> <a href="Index of Childrens Prayer Christmas Version.html">Children Prayers and Sermons for the Season of Advent and Christmas</a> <a href="How to Teach Our Little Ones.html">How to Teach Little Ones: A Children's Catechism</a> <a href="Instruction for Children.html">On the Mode of Teaching Christian Doctrine to Children</a> <a href="Month of the Nativity.html">The Month of the Nativity</a> <a href="Tissot Illustrated Bible V1 Part1.html">Vol. 1, Part 1: The Holy Childhood from the Latin Vulgate, as Illustrated by Catholic Artist and Historian, James Tissot, 1899, for the Advent and Christmas Season</a> <a href="Behold the Lamb Childrens Book.html">Behold the Lamb, A Book for Little Folks About the Holy Mass, 1912 </a> <a href="Jesus of Nazareth the Story of His Life.html">Jesus of Nazareth, the Story of His Life: A Catholic Children's Book, 1906</a> <a href="Catholic Bible Stories.html">Catholic Bible Stories</a> <a href="Short Catechism of Church History 01.html">Short Catechism of Church History for Youth</a> <a href="Guardian Angels Children.html">Children's Devotions to the Guardian Angels</a> <br><br> <i>December Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">December Novenas</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Barbara.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Novena to Our Lady of Guadalupe: Dec. 4th - Dec. 12th</option> <option value="St. Lucy.html#Novena">Novena to St. Lucy: Dec. 5th - Dec. 13th</option> <option value="Christmas Novena.html">Christmas Novena: Dec. 16th - Dec. 24th</option> <option value="Stephen Litany.html#Novena">Novena to St. Stephen: Dec. 18th - Dec. 26th</option> <option value="St. John Evangelist Novena.html">Novena to St. John the Evangelist:<br>Dec. 19th - Dec. 27th</option> <option value="Circumcision_Gospel.html">Novena for the Feast of the Circumcision:<br>Dec. 23rd - Dec. 31st</option> <option value="Holy Name.html#Novena">Novena in Honor Holy Name of Jesus: Dec. 25th - Jan. 2nd</option> <option value="Novena of the Epiphany.html">Novena of the Epiphany: Dec. 28th - Jan. 5th</option> <option value="Devotions to the Holy Family.html#Novena">Novena to the Holy Family: Dec. 30th - Jan. 7th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">St. Andrew Christmas Novena --Begins the Feast of St. Andrew and ends Christmas Day</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Little Office Advent Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Season of Advent</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">St. Nicholas, Bishop and Confessor</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> God, Who didst glorify the blessed Bishop Nicholas with numberless miracles: grant, we beseech Thee, that by his merits and prayers we may be saved from the fires of hell. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i>(Roman Breviary)</i><br><br><br> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">December 5th, St. Sabbas, Abbot. First Saturday</font> <br><br> <img src="12.05.09.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""> <br><br> <li><a href="Month of the Nativity.html">The Month of the Nativity</a></li> <a href="5.html">Advent Calendar: with daily meditations through Dec. 31st</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Purity_Actions.html')">The Purity Required to Prepare Our Souls <br>for Christ Purifying the Interior Powers of the Soul<br><br> The Purity of Our Actions</a> <br><br> <a href="Month of the Nativity.html">The Month of the Nativity</a> <br><br> <i>December Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">December Novenas</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Barbara.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Novena to Our Lady of Guadalupe: Dec. 4th - Dec. 12th</option> <option value="St. Lucy.html#Novena">Novena to St. Lucy: Dec. 5th - Dec. 13th</option> <option value="Christmas Novena.html">Christmas Novena: Dec. 16th - Dec. 24th</option> <option value="Stephen Litany.html#Novena">Novena to St. Stephen: Dec. 18th - Dec. 26th</option> <option value="St. John Evangelist Novena.html">Novena to St. John the Evangelist:<br>Dec. 19th - Dec. 27th</option> <option value="Circumcision_Gospel.html">Novena for the Feast of the Circumcision:<br>Dec. 23rd - Dec. 31st</option> <option value="Holy Name.html#Novena">Novena in Honor Holy Name of Jesus: Dec. 25th - Jan. 2nd</option> <option value="Novena of the Epiphany.html">Novena of the Epiphany: Dec. 28th - Jan. 5th</option> <option value="Devotions to the Holy Family.html#Novena">Novena to the Holy Family: Dec. 30th - Jan. 7th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">St. Andrew Christmas Novena --Begins the Feast of St. Andrew and ends Christmas Day</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Little Office Advent Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Season of Advent</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">St. Sabbas, Abbot</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">M</font>ay the intercession of the blessed Abbot Sabbas, procure favor for us, we beseech Thee, O Lord: that we may gain, by his patronage, those things of which we are not capable by our own merits. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> Ant. I will liken him to a wise man who built his house upon a rock. <br><br> V. The Lord loved him, and adorned him. <br><br> R. He clothed him wtih a robe of glory. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)</i><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">S</font>t. Sabbas, one of the most renowned patriarchs of the monks of Palestine, was born in the year 439, near Caesarea. In order to settle a dispute which had arisen between some of his relatives in regard to the administration of his estate, while still young he forsook the world and entered a monastery, wherein he became a model of fervor.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">W</font>hen Sabbas had been ten years in this monastery, being eighteen years old, he went to Jerusalem to visit the holy places, and attached himself to a monastery there under control of St. Euthymius; but on the death of the holy abbot our Saint sought the wilderness, where he chose his dwelling in a cave on the top of a high mountain, at the bottom of which ran the brook Cedron. After he had lived here five years, several came to him, desiring to serve God under his direction. He was at first unwilling to consent, but finally founded a new monastery of persons all desirous to devote themselves to praise and serve God without interruption.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">H</font>is great sanctity becoming known, he was ordained priest, at the age of fifty-three, by the patriarch of Jerusalem, and made Superior-General of all the anchorites of Palestine. He lived to be ninety-four, and died on the 5th of December, 532. <br><br> <i>Prayer from the Liturgical Year</i> <br><br> O Sabas, thou man of desires! in thy expectation of that Lord, who has bidden His servants watch until He come, thou didst withdraw into the desert, fearing lest the turmoil of this world might distract thy mind from God. Have pity on us who are living in the world, and are so occupied in the affairs of that world, and yet who have received the commandment, which thou didst so take to heart, of keeping ourselves in readiness for the coming of our Savior and our Judge. Pray for us, that when He comes we may be worthy to go out to meet Him. Remember also the monastic state, of which thou art one of the brightest ornaments; raise it up again from its ruins; let its children be men of prayer and faith, as of old; let thy spirit be among them, and the Church thus regain, by thy intercession, all the glory which is reflected on her from the sublime perfection of this holy state. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">December 4th,<br>St. Peter Chrysologus, Bishop, Confessor and Doctor of the Church</font> <br><br> <img src="Saint%20of%20the%20Day%2012.04.08.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Peter Chrysologus.html')">St. Peter Chrysologus</a> <a href="4.html">Advent Calendar</a> <a href="Month of the Nativity.html">The Month of the Nativity</a> <br><br> <i>December Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">December Novenas</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Barbara.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Novena to Our Lady of Guadalupe: Dec. 4th - Dec. 12th</option> <option value="St. Lucy.html#Novena">Novena to St. Lucy: Dec. 5th - Dec. 13th</option> <option value="Christmas Novena.html">Christmas Novena: Dec. 16th - Dec. 24th</option> <option value="Stephen Litany.html#Novena">Novena to St. Stephen: Dec. 18th - Dec. 26th</option> <option value="St. John Evangelist Novena.html">Novena to St. John the Evangelist:<br>Dec. 19th - Dec. 27th</option> <option value="Circumcision_Gospel.html">Novena for the Feast of the Circumcision:<br>Dec. 23rd - Dec. 31st</option> <option value="Holy Name.html#Novena">Novena in Honor Holy Name of Jesus: Dec. 25th - Jan. 2nd</option> <option value="Novena of the Epiphany.html">Novena of the Epiphany: Dec. 28th - Jan. 5th</option> <option value="Devotions to the Holy Family.html#Novena">Novena to the Holy Family: Dec. 30th - Jan. 7th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">St. Andrew Christmas Novena --Begins the Feast of St. Andrew and ends Christmas Day</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Little Office Advent Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Season of Advent</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">St. Peter Chrysologus, Bishop, Confessor and Doctor of the Church</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> God, Who didst miraculously point out the eminent Doctor Peter Chrysologus, and choose him to be a ruler and teacher of Thy Church: grant, we beseech Thee, that as on earth he taught us the way of life, so in heaven he may be our intercessor with Thee. Through our Lord etc. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen. <i> <br><br> R. Jerusalem, thy salvation cometh quickly: why art thou wasted with sorrow? Is there no counselor in thee, that pangs have taken thee? I will save thee, and deliver thee, fear not. <br><br> V. For I am the Lord Thy God, the Holy One of Israel, Thy Redeemer. I will save thee, and deliver thee, fear not. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)</i><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">S</font>t. Peter gained the name Chrysologus, which means "speech of gold" by his great eloquence. As the Collect reminds us, his promotion to the See of Ravenna (A.D. 433), owing to an apparition of the Apostle St. Peter to Pope Sixtus III., was miraculous.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">Y</font>ou are the salt of the earth. . . and the light of the world," says the Gospel. "Preach the word; be instant in season, out of season; reprove, entreat, rebuke . . . . . do the work of an evangelist." That is what St. Peter did; he composed more than one hundred and sixty homilies, full of learning, which earned him the title of Doctor of the Church.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font>t was he who wrote this well-known saying: "He who amuses himself with Satan cannot rejoice with Christ." He died at Imola in A.D. 450.<br><br><br></font><hr><font style="" size="2.5"><font style="" size="2.5"><font style="" size="2.5"><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">Also Commemorated <br>Dec. 4th, St. Barbara, Virgin and Martyr</font> <br><br><br> <img src="12.04.09B.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""><br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Barbara.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Epistle_Gospel_Barbara.html')">Instructions on the Feast of St. Barbara, Virgin and Martyr</a> <a href="Index of the Holy Helpers.html">The Fourteen Holy Helpers</a> <a href="Index for the Dying.html">Index of Prayers and <br>Devotions for the Dying</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Vianney The Bad Death.html')">The Bad Death</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Influence of the Example of Parents.html')">Influence of the Example of Parents Upon Their Children</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> God, who amongst the many marvels of Thy power hast granted the triumph of martyrdom even to weak women: grant in Thy mercy, that we, who keep the festival of blessed Barbara, Thy Virgin and Martyr, may, by her example, advance nearer to Thee. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i>(Roman Breviary)</i> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <A NAME="firstsunday"style="border-style: none"/></a> <i> The Season of Advent begins on the 4th Sunday before Christmas. This time is set aside by the Church to bring before our eyes the Incarnation of our Lord, the coming of Jesus Christ through Grace, and the coming of our Lord on the Last Day to judge the living and the dead.<br><br> The proper Christian sentiments to be developed during this time are: a desire for the coming of the Messias, the victory of the soul over wordly temptations; and finally, penance, to prepare for the coming of our Savior. </i> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">December 3rd, First Sunday in Advent</font> <br><br> <img src="First%20Sunday%20Advent.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Season of Advent Liturigical Year.html')">The Season of Advent</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Take an Account_2018.html')">Taking an Account of Your Life During the Season of Advent; Penance and Looking to the End</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('First Sunday in Advent.html')">First Sunday of Advent</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('First Sunday in Advent 2nd Sermon.html')">First Sunday in Advent: Fear of the General Judgment</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Fr. Weninger First Sunday in Advent.html')">Are you prepared for the <br>2nd Coming of Christ by Fr. Francis Xavier Weninger</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('First Sunday of Advent_Gospel.html')">First Sunday of Advent: Epistle and Gospel</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon 1st Sunday of Advent.html')">First Sunday of Advent: for Children and Parents</a> <a href="Christ%20Our%20Lord.html">Christ Our Lord</a> <a href="Dies Irae.html">Dies Irae (Day of Wrath) <br>by Rev. Nicholaus Gihr</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Children_Last_Sunday_Frassinetti.html')">Sermon for Youth on the End of the World</a> <a href="The Second Coming.html">The Second Coming</a> <a href="Ferrer_end_of_world.html">Sermon on the End of the World and General Judgment by St. Vincent Ferrer</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Ferrer_sheep_and_goats.html')">Sermon on the Last Judgment: Sheep and Goats by St. Vincent Ferrer</a> <A NAME="GoffineMass"style="border-style: none"/></a> <A NAME="GoffineMassParts"style="border-style: none"/></a> <a href="Goffine_Mass_Parts.html">A Devout Guide to follow the Tridentine Latin Mass of Pope St. Pius V. Recommended for Those Who Cannot Attend Mass in Person. 24th Sunday After Pentecost.</a> <a href="The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass.html">The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, Fr. O' Keeffe, 1891</a> <a href="Quo Primum.html">Papal Bull: Quo Primum, the Tridentine Mass for all Times</a> <a href="Why the Latin Mass.html">Why the Mass is in Latin</a> <a href="Catholic Worship.html">Catholic Worship, Explained</a> <a href="Mass at Home.html">Manner of Hearing Mass At Home: For those who on account of sickness, old age, or for other proper reasons cannot assist at holy Mass, especially on Sundays and Holidays</a> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <br><br> 4 Part Series on the Person of the Christ at the Last Judgement:<p></p> <a href="The Judge as God.html">Part 1:  The Judge as God</a> <a href="The Judge as Man.html">Part 2: The Judge as Man</a> <a href="The Judge as Our Redeemer.html">Part 3: The Judge as Redeemer</a> <a href="The Judge as Our Model.html">Part 4: The Judge as Our Model</a> <br><br> <a href="The End of Man.html">The End of Man</a> <a href="The Little Number of Those Who Are Saved.html">The fewness of those saved. Will you be one of them?</a> <a href="Consideration of Last End.html">Consideration of Last End</a> <br><br> <i>Related links for the Sacrament of Penance</i> <br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="">Select from the Following:</option> <option value="Examine%20Index.html">Examination of Conscience</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On the Vice of Impurity.html#Idolatry')">The Idolatry of the Creature Due to Impurity</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Unchaste Thoughts and Desires.html')">Moral Teaching on Unchaste Thoughts and Desires and Prayers to Overcome Temptations</option> <option value="Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Sacrament of Penance</option> <option value="Confession Q and A.html">The Sacrament of Penance, All of Your Questions Answered</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Confession.html')">On the Benefits of a Good Confession</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Turning from Sin.html')">Two Short Sermons: <br>On Turning from Sin to God <br> The Sentiments of a Penitent Sinner</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Relapse into Sin popup.html')">Causes of Relapse into Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Preparation_Repentance_Confession.html')"> On the Preparation Necessary to <br>Make a Good Confession<br><br> On Motives for Repentance and Contrition <br>Necessary for a Good Confession</option> <option value="Self-Examination.html">The Necessity of Self-Examination</option> <option value="Examine 9.html">The Seven Deadly Sins, Nine Ways to Being an Accessory to Another's Sin, Sins Against the Holy Spirit</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Exposition on the Sixth Commandment.html')">The Sixth Commandment: Explained by St. Thomas Aquinas</option> <option value="Ritual%20of%20the%20Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Rite of Confession </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Thirteenth Sunday After Pentecost.html#General Confession')">General Confession</option> <option value="The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin Liguori.html">The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin<br>by St. Alphonsus Liguori</option> <option value="Contrition.html">Contrition</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment.html')">Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment</option> <option value="False Peace Sinful Conscience.html">The False Peace of a Sinful Conscience, by Fr. Hunolt, 1691-1746</option> <option value="Render Our Account.html">Render an Account of Your Life: A Must Read for Every Soul </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Sinner seeks God.html')">The Sinner will Seek God at Death</option> <option value="St. Alphonsu the number of sins.html">On the Number of Sins, by St. Aphonsus Di Liguori</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="Penitent%27s%20Prayer.html">Penitent's Consolation</option> <option value="Sin.html">The Nature of Sin</option> <option value="Folly of Sin.html">The Folly of Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Venial Sins.html')">On Not Making Light of Venial Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Multitude_of_Sins.html')">On the Multitude of Our Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Mortal Sin.html')"><br>On the Horror of Mortal Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Spiritual Murder.html')">On Spiritual Murder</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Thursday_First_Week_Lent.html')">Examination of Our Duties <br>and State of Life</option> <option value="Conscience.html">Conscience</option> <option value="Ten%20Commandments%20Index.html">Index of the Ten Commandments</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners.html')">The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners</option> <option value="The Sinners Guide.html">The Sinner's Guide <br>by Ven. Louis of Granada, O.P.</option> <option value="Childrens Confession.html">Catholic Instruction for Children for the Sacrament of Penance, 1897</option> </option></select> </form> <br><br> <img src="Judement miniature_20161129.jpg"><br><br> THE JUDGMENTS OF GOD<br><br> <i>by St. Alphonsus Liguori</i><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">B</font>altassar, the godless Baltassar, sat drinking at his licentious banquet, surrounded by his courtiers. Sunk, as it were, in sensuality and drunkenness, he blasphemed the Lord, abused the mercy of God, and even went so far as to profane the consecrated vessels of ths temple. He considered this day as a day of joy and revelry. Unhappy man! it is thy judgment day! Suddenly, an awful hand was seen, writing on the wall these words: "Mane: Thecel: Phares:" I have numbered, I have weighed, I have divided! I have numbered thy days, they are ended: I have weighed thy deeds, they condemn thee: I have divided thy kingdom, and deliver thee to thine enemies. This was the verdict given, and the judgment pronounced against him. On the same night it was fulfilled; he who had lived a profligate, died a reprobate. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">L</font>et us fear the impenetrable judgments of God; let us think of them day and night, that we may always be prepared for them; let us tremble before the powerful arm of God, and never forget that even as God is a God of mercy, so also is he a God of justice.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">S</font>t. Jerome was one of the greatest penitents in the Church of God. Disgusted by the tumult and grandeur of Rome, he retired into Palestine, and buried himself, so to say, in solitude. The austerity of his life and of his penance are not to be described nore his mortifications, discipline, and holy severity which he inflicted upon himself. He beat beat his breast with a stone, so that his body was always wounded and bathed in blood. With all this he kept continually before his mind, in fear and trembling, the severity of the judgment of God. Absorbed in profound meditation on this thought, "Alas!" he exclaimed with a shudder, "I think I hear at every moment the dreadfull trumpet, which will one day call us to judgment. Day and night it is sounding in my ears, and my troubled soul can find no rest, reflecting always upon the majesty of that God who is one day to judge it" Thus he passed his life in fear, and in the expectation of judgment. Happy was he, to anticipate that fearful trial by his constant and severe penance.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">L</font>et us also learn to reflect upon the judgment of God, for we must one day appear before it. Let us learn to fear it, for it will decide our fate for eternity. Let us learn to prepare for it, for our happiness or misery depends upon this preparation. Let us judge ourselves severely, that God may judge us in His mercy. Let us rise above the vain judgment of men, for this it is which turns us aside from the law of God. Finally, let us ask of God that he wrill be gracious to us on the dreadful day of retribution. <br><br><br><br><br> <A NAME="Refresh_SOD"style="border-style: none"/></a> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">December 3rd, St. Francis Xavier, Confessor.</font> <br><br> <img src="Saint%20of%20the%20Day%2012.03.08.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""> <br><br> <a href="St. Francis Xavier Apostle of India.html">St. Francis Xavier Apostle of India and Japan</a> <a href="Xavier.html">        St. Francis Xavier I.</a> <a href="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html">        St. Francis Xavier II.</a> <a href="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Christian Instruction.html')">Christian Instruction</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Pleasure_of_Serving_God.html')">Sermon: The Pleasure of Serving God</a> <br><br> <a href="3.html">Advent Calendar: with daily meditations through Dec. 31st</a> <a href="Month of the Nativity.html">The Month of the Nativity</a> <br><br> <i>December Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">December Novenas</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Barbara.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Novena to Our Lady of Guadalupe: Dec. 4th - Dec. 12th</option> <option value="St. Lucy.html#Novena">Novena to St. Lucy: Dec. 5th - Dec. 13th</option> <option value="Christmas Novena.html">Christmas Novena: Dec. 16th - Dec. 24th</option> <option value="Stephen Litany.html#Novena">Novena to St. Stephen: Dec. 18th - Dec. 26th</option> <option value="St. John Evangelist Novena.html">Novena to St. John the Evangelist:<br>Dec. 19th - Dec. 27th</option> <option value="Circumcision_Gospel.html">Novena for the Feast of the Circumcision:<br>Dec. 23rd - Dec. 31st</option> <option value="Holy Name.html#Novena">Novena in Honor Holy Name of Jesus: Dec. 25th - Jan. 2nd</option> <option value="Novena of the Epiphany.html">Novena of the Epiphany: Dec. 28th - Jan. 5th</option> <option value="Devotions to the Holy Family.html#Novena">Novena to the Holy Family: Dec. 30th - Jan. 7th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">St. Andrew Christmas Novena --Begins the Feast of St. Andrew and ends Christmas Day</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Little Office Advent Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Season of Advent</a> <br><br> <i>Related links for the Sacrament of Penance</i> <br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="">Select from the Following:</option> <option value="Examine%20Index.html">Examination of Conscience</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On the Vice of Impurity.html#Idolatry')">The Idolatry of the Creature Due to Impurity</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Unchaste Thoughts and Desires.html')">Moral Teaching on Unchaste Thoughts and Desires and Prayers to Overcome Temptations</option> <option value="Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Sacrament of Penance</option> <option value="Confession Q and A.html">The Sacrament of Penance, All of Your Questions Answered</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Confession.html')">On the Benefits of a Good Confession</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Turning from Sin.html')">Two Short Sermons: <br>On Turning from Sin to God <br> The Sentiments of a Penitent Sinner</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Relapse into Sin popup.html')">Causes of Relapse into Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Preparation_Repentance_Confession.html')"> On the Preparation Necessary to <br>Make a Good Confession<br><br> On Motives for Repentance and Contrition <br>Necessary for a Good Confession</option> <option value="Self-Examination.html">The Necessity of Self-Examination</option> <option value="Examine 9.html">The Seven Deadly Sins, Nine Ways to Being an Accessory to Another's Sin, Sins Against the Holy Spirit</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Exposition on the Sixth Commandment.html')">The Sixth Commandment: Explained by St. Thomas Aquinas</option> <option value="Ritual%20of%20the%20Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Rite of Confession </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Thirteenth Sunday After Pentecost.html#General Confession')">General Confession</option> <option value="The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin Liguori.html">The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin<br>by St. Alphonsus Liguori</option> <option value="Contrition.html">Contrition</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment.html')">Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment</option> <option value="False Peace Sinful Conscience.html">The False Peace of a Sinful Conscience, by Fr. Hunolt, 1691-1746</option> <option value="Render Our Account.html">Render an Account of Your Life: A Must Read for Every Soul </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Sinner seeks God.html')">The Sinner will Seek God at Death</option> <option value="St. Alphonsu the number of sins.html">On the Number of Sins, by St. Aphonsus Di Liguori</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="Penitent%27s%20Prayer.html">Penitent's Consolation</option> <option value="Sin.html">The Nature of Sin</option> <option value="Folly of Sin.html">The Folly of Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Venial Sins.html')">On Not Making Light of Venial Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Multitude_of_Sins.html')">On the Multitude of Our Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Mortal Sin.html')"><br>On the Horror of Mortal Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Spiritual Murder.html')">On Spiritual Murder</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Thursday_First_Week_Lent.html')">Examination of Our Duties <br>and State of Life</option> <option value="Conscience.html">Conscience</option> <option value="Ten%20Commandments%20Index.html">Index of the Ten Commandments</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners.html')">The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners</option> <option value="The Sinners Guide.html">The Sinner's Guide <br>by Ven. Louis of Granada, O.P.</option> <option value="Childrens Confession.html">Catholic Instruction for Children for the Sacrament of Penance, 1897</option> </option></select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">St. Francis Xavier, Confessor</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> God, Who wast pleased by the preaching and miracles of blessed Francis, to bring into Thy Church the nations of the Indies: mercifully grant that we who honor his glorious merits, may also follow the pattern of his virtues. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <br><br> <i> <br><br> V. The Lord loved him, and adorned him. <br><br> R. He clothed him with a robe of glory. <br><br> Ant. I will liken him to a wise man who built his house upon a rock. <br><br> (Roman Breviary) </i> <br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">A</font> young Spanish gentleman, in the dangerous days of the Reformation, was making a name for himself as a Professor of Philosophy in the University of Paris, and had seemingly no higher aim, when St. Ignatius of Loyola won him to heavenly thoughts. After a brief apostolate amongst his countrymen in Rome he was sent by St. Ignatius to the Indies, where for twelve years he was to wear himself out, bearing the Gospel to Hindostan, to Malacca, and to Japan.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font>hwarted by the jealousy, covetousness, and carelessness of those who should have helped and encouraged him, neither their opposition nor the difficulties of every sort which he encountered could make him slacken his labors for souls. The vast kingdom of China appealed to his charity, and he was resolved to risk his life to force an entry, when God took him to Himself, and on the 3rd of December, 1552, he died, like Moses, in sight of the promise <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">December 2nd, St. Bibiana, Virgin and Martyr. First Saturday.</font> <br><br> <img src="Saint%20of%20the%20Day%2012.02.08.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""> <br><br> <a href="Immaculate%20Heart%20of%20Mary.html#OLS">Our Lady's Saturday</a> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</a> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#First Saturday">Five First Saturdays</a> <a href="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary; Fatima and the Rosary</a></li> <a href="Remodel_your_home.html">Remodel Your Home After Mary's Heart</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Manning_Revolt_Society.html')">The Revolt of Society from God</a> <br><br> <i>December Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">December Novenas</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Barbara.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Novena to Our Lady of Guadalupe: Dec. 4th - Dec. 12th</option> <option value="St. Lucy.html#Novena">Novena to St. Lucy: Dec. 5th - Dec. 13th</option> <option value="Christmas Novena.html">Christmas Novena: Dec. 16th - Dec. 24th</option> <option value="Stephen Litany.html#Novena">Novena to St. Stephen: Dec. 18th - Dec. 26th</option> <option value="St. John Evangelist Novena.html">Novena to St. John the Evangelist:<br>Dec. 19th - Dec. 27th</option> <option value="Circumcision_Gospel.html">Novena for the Feast of the Circumcision:<br>Dec. 23rd - Dec. 31st</option> <option value="Holy Name.html#Novena">Novena in Honor Holy Name of Jesus: Dec. 25th - Jan. 2nd</option> <option value="Novena of the Epiphany.html">Novena of the Epiphany: Dec. 28th - Jan. 5th</option> <option value="Devotions to the Holy Family.html#Novena">Novena to the Holy Family: Dec. 30th - Jan. 7th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">St. Andrew Christmas Novena --Begins the Feast of St. Andrew and ends Christmas Day</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Little Office Advent Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Season of Advent</a> <br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> God, the giver of all good s, who didst unite in thy servant Bibiana the flower of virginity with the palm of martyrdom: so unite our souls to Thee in the bond of charity by virtue of her intercession, that being freed from all dangers, we may obtain the rewards of everlasting life. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i>(Roman Breviary)</i><br><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">S</font>aint Bibiana was a native of Rome, born in the fourth century, the daughter and sister of martyrs. Flavian, her Christian father, was apprehended during the reign of Julian the Apostate, branded on the face as a slave, and banished to Toscany, where he died of his wounds a few days later. Her mother, Dafrosa, was beheaded two weeks later. Their two daughters, Bibiana and Demetria, after the death of their parents were stripped of all they had in the world, and then imprisoned with orders to give them no food. The Roman praetorian offered them rewards if they would abandon their faith, and threatened a cruel death if they would not conform, but they replied courageously that the goods and advantages of this world had no attraction for them, and that they would endure a thousand deaths rather than betray their faith and their Saviour. Demetria, after having pronounced this ardent defense, fell to the ground and expired at her sister's side; she is inscribed in the Roman martyrology on June 21st.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font>he officer gave orders that Bibiana be placed in the custody of a woman named Rufina, who was commanded to corrupt her or mistreat her. But the martyr made prayer her shield and remained invincible. Enraged at the courage and perseverance of the young virgin, the persecutor ordered her to be tied to a pillar and whipped until she expired, with scourges tipped with leaden plummets. The Saint underwent this punishment cheerfully, and died at the hands of the executioners. She was buried by a holy priest at a site where afterwards a chapel and then a church were built above her tomb. In 1628 the church was splendidly rebuilt by Pope Urban VIII, and in it he placed the relics of the two sisters and of Saint Dafrosa, their mother. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">November 30th,<br> St. Andrew, Apostle</font> <br><br> <img src="11.30.11.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""><br><br> <a href="St. Andrew Popup.html">St. Andrew I.</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St_Andrew_Popup2_2019.html')">St. Andrew II.</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Andrew Epistle Gospel.html')">Feast Day of St. Andrew, by Rev. Geoffine, 1896</a> <a href="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">St. Andrew's Christmas Novena (26 Days): Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</a> <a href="The Labor of the Apostles Book.html">The Labor of the Apostles: <br>Their Teaching of the Nations</a> <a href="Labor of the Apostles.html">The Lives of the 12 Apostles and St. Paul: The Apostles Creed</a> <a href="Tissot Illustrated Bible V1 Part2.html">Vol. 1, Part 2: The Ministry of Jesus Christ from the Latin Vulgate, as Illustrated by Catholic Artist and Historian, James Tissot, 1899</a> <a href="Tissot Illustrated Bible V2.html">Vol. 2: Parables and Teachings of Jesus Christ from the Latin Vulgate, as Illustrated by Catholic Artist and Historian, James Tissot, 1899</a> <a href="Stations.html">Stations of the Cross</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Litany of the Holy Cross.html')">Exaltation of the Holy Cross</a> <a href="Finding of the Holy Cross.html">Finding of the Holy Cross</a> <a href="The Holy Ways of the Cross.html">The Holy Ways of the Cross <br>by Henri Boudon, 1875</a> <br><br> <i> <font style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"> As we approach the end of the month of November which is dedicated to the Poor Souls in Purgatory, please continue to pray for them--especially those departed members of your family--each day, using the prayers and devotions included in the Purgatory Index below: </font></i> <br><br> <a href="November_Poor_Souls_MP.html">Links for Prayers and Devotions to the Poor Souls during the month of November</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Visit the Grave_Zollner.html">Why Catholics are obligated to visit their loved ones at the cemetery</a> <a href="The Cry of the Souls_Zollner.html">The Cry of the Souls in <br>Purgatory to us</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('All Souls Prayers and Devotions New.html#Parents')">Prayers for Deceased Parents</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">St. Andrew, Apostle</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">W</font>e humbly beseech Thy majesty, O Lord: That as blessed Andrew was raised up to be a preacher and ruler in Thy Church, so he may be our constant intercessor with Thee. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> Ant. The Lord saw Peter and Andrew, and He called them. <br><br> Follow me, I will make you fishers of men, saith the Lord. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)</i><br><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">S</font>aint Andrew was one of the fishermen of Bethsaida, and was the brother of Saint Peter. He became a disciple of Saint John the Baptist. When called himself by Christ on the banks of the Jordan, his first thought was to go in search of his brother, and he said to Peter, "We have found the Messiah!" and brought him to Jesus.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font>t was Saint Andrew who, when Christ wished to feed the five thousand in the desert, pointed out a little lad with five loaves and a few fishes. After Pentecost, Saint Andrew went forth upon his mission to plant the Faith in Scythia and Greece and, at the end of years of toil, to win a martyr's crown at Patrae in Achaia. When Saint Andrew first caught sight of the gibbet on which he was to die, he greeted the precious wood with joy. "O good cross!" he cried, "made beautiful by the limbs of Christ, so long desired, now so happily found! Receive me into thy arms and present me to my Master, that He who redeemed me through thee may now accept me from thee!" After suffering a cruel scourging he was left, bound by cords, to die upon this diagonal cross. For two whole days the martyr remained hanging on it, alive, preaching with outstretched arms from this chair of truth, to all who came near, and entreating them not to hinder his passion. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">November 29th, St. Saturninus, Martyr; the Vigil of St. Andrew</font><br><br> <img src="11.28.19.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""><br><br> <a href="#Refresh_VIGLIG_SA">November 29th, The Vigil of St. Andrew</a> <br><br> <i> <font style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"> As we approach the end of the month of November which is dedicated to the Poor Souls in Purgatory, please continue to pray for them--especially those departed members of your family--each day, using the prayers and devotions included in the Purgatory Index below: </font></i> <br><br> <a href="November_Poor_Souls_MP.html">Links for Prayers and Devotions to the Poor Souls during the month of November</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Visit the Grave_Zollner.html">Why Catholics are obligated to visit their loved ones at the cemetery</a> <a href="The Cry of the Souls_Zollner.html">The Cry of the Souls in <br>Purgatory to us</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('All Souls Prayers and Devotions New.html#Parents')">Prayers for Deceased Parents</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">St. Saturninus, Martyr</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> God, Who dost vouchsafe that we may rejoice on the festival of blessed Saturninum Thy Martyr; grant that we may be assisted by his merits. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> Ant. This Saint hath striven for the law of his God even unto death, and hath not fearred for the words of the ungodly; for he had been founded upon a firm rock. <br><br> V. Thou hast crowned him with glory and honor, O Lord. <br><br> R. And hast set him over the works of Thy hands. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">S</font style>t. Saturninus went from Rome, by direction of Pope Fabian, about the year 245, to preach the faith in Gaul. He fixed his episcopal see at Toulouse, and thus became the first Christian bishop of that city. There were but few Christians in the place. However, their number grew fast after the coming of the Saint; and his power was felt by the spirits of evil, who received the worship of the heathen. His power was felt the more because he had to pass daily through the capitol, the high place of the heathen worship, on the way to his own church.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font style>ne day a great multitude was gathered by an altar, where a bull stood ready for the sacrifice. A man in the crowd pointed out Saturninus, who was passing by and the people would have forced him to idolatry; but the holy bishop answered: "I know but one God, and to Him I will offer the sacrifice of praise. How can I fear gods who, as you say, are afraid of me? On this he was fastened to the bull, which was driven down the capitol. The brains of the Saint were scattered on the steps. His mangled body was taken up and buried by two devout women. <br><br> Reflection--When beset by the temptations of the devil, let us call upon the Saints, who reign with Christ. They were powerful during their lives against the devil and his angels. They are more powerful now that they have passed from the Church on earth to the Church triumphant. <br><br><hr><br><br> <A NAME="Refresh_VIGLIG_SA"style="border-style: none"/></a> <img src ="Calling_Andrew_Vigil.jpg"><br> <i>The Calling of St. Andrew with St. Peter</i> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">Vigil of St. Andrew</font style> <br><i>from the Liturgical Year, 1903</i> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">C</font style>hristmas begins to glimmer on the horizon. The last Sunday after Pentecost has given us the closing instructions of the moveable Cycle. Beginning with the twenty-seventh of this month, the present days belong in some years to the new Cycle, in others to the one which is ending. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font style>he last Lesson from the Scripture of the Time (Saturday before first Sunday in Advent) ends with the solemn declaration of the last of the Prophets, announcing the approach of a new era: From the rising of the sun even to the going down, my Name is great among the Gentiles, and in every place there is sacrifice, and there is offered to my Name a clean oblation! for my Name is great among the Gentiles, saith the Lord of hosts. (Malachi 1:11) And in today's Gospel (John 1:35-51) we have St. John the Baptist echoing the words of Malachias, and joining the old and the new times together: Behold the Lamb of God! He points out to us the Messias close at hand. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">A</font style>ndrew, brother of Peter, and another of John's disciples, asked this Messias: Rabbi, where dwellest thou? Jesus answered: Come and see. And they went, continues the Evangelist, and saw where he abode, and they stayed with him that day. Whereupon St. Augustine speaking in the name of the Church on this Vigil, says: "Let us build him a dwelling in our hearts, that he may come to us, and teach us, and live with us." (Homily on the Vigil, Tract 7 on John) Here is our Advent planned out for us. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">L</font style>et us put that blessed season under the protection of the Apostle of the Cross, and also of the holy Martyr Saturninus, whom the Church has honored on this day from time immemorial. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">W</font style>e beseech thee, O Almighty God, that the blessed Apostle Andrew, whose festival we anticipate, may implore thy help for us; that absolved from our sins, we may also be delivered from all dangers. Through our Lord. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">November 28th, in some places St. Catherine Laboure</font><br><br> <img src="Catherine_Laboure_Sidebar_2018.jpg"><br><br> <a href="Novena Miraculous Medal.html#Saint">St. Catharine Laboure</a> <a href="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal <br>the Origin and History</a> <br><br> <i> <font style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"> As we approach the end of the month of November which is dedicated to the Poor Souls in Purgatory, please continue to pray for them--especially those departed members of your family--each day, using the prayers and devotions included in the Purgatory Index below: </font></i> <br><br> <a href="November_Poor_Souls_MP.html">Links for Prayers and Devotions to the Poor Souls during the month of November</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Visit the Grave_Zollner.html">Why Catholics are obligated to visit their loved ones at the cemetery</a> <a href="The Cry of the Souls_Zollner.html">The Cry of the Souls in <br>Purgatory to us</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('All Souls Prayers and Devotions New.html#Parents')">Prayers for Deceased Parents</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4"> On the soul's being presented before the tribunal of God.</font><br> <i>by St. Alphonsus Di Liguori</i><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">W</font>hen criminals are presented before their judges, though they fear and tremble, yet flatter themselves that either their crimes will not be proved against them, or that their judges will remit in part the punishments which they have deserved. O God! how great will be the terror of a guilty soul when presented before Jesus Christ, from whom nothing will be hidden, and who will judge her with the utmost severity! I am the judge and the witness, Jer. xxix. 23., will He then say to her: I am thy judge and I am witness of all the offences thou hast committed against me. O my Jesus, I deserved to hear this from thy mouth, had the hour of my judgment arrived. But now thou art pleased to assure me, that if I will repent of my sins, thou wilt no longer remember them: I will not remember all his iniquities. Ez. xviii. 22.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font>t is the opinion of divines, that in the same place in which the soul is separated from the body, she will be judged, and her lot decided either for eternal life or eternal death. But should the soul unhappily depart from the body in sin, what shall she be able to say when Jesus Christ shall remind her of His abused mercies, of the years He granted her, of the calls by which He invited her, and of the many other means which He afforded her of securing her salvation? Jesus my Redeemer, Thou who condemnest obstinate sinners, dost not condemn those who love Thee and who are sorry for having offended Thee. I am a sinner, but I love Thee more than myself, and I am sorry above every evil for having displeased Thee; O, do Thou pardon me before the time comes when Thou wilt judge me. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">A</font>t what hour you think not, the Son of Man will come. St. Luke xii. 40. When, therefore, O my Jesus and my judge, Thou shalt judge me, after my death, Thy wounds will be a terror to me, reproaching me with my ingratitude for the love which Thou hast shown me in suffering and dying for me; but now they encourage me and give me confidence to hope for pardon from Thee, my Redeemer, who, for the love of me and that Thou mayest not have to condemn me, didst suffer Thyself to be tormented and crucified. We therefore pray Thee, help Thy servants whom Thou hast redeemed with Thy precious blood. O my Jesus! have pity on me, who am one of those sheep for whom Thou didst shed Thy sacred blood. If hitherto I have despised Thee, I now esteem and love Thee above all things. Make known to me the means by which I may be saved, and strengthen me to fulfil Thy holy will. I will no longer abuse Thy goodness. Thou hast placed me under too many obligations to Thee, I will no longer suffer myself to live at a distance from Thee and deprived of Thy love. Mary, mother of mercy, have compassion on me. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">November 26th, Twenty-sixth and Last Sunday After Pentecost. The Last Judgment.</font> <br><br> <a href="Last Sunday Ecclesiastical Year.html"> The End of the World: Parts 1 - 6<br></a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Twentyfourth Sunday After Pentecost_Gospel.html')">Last Sunday After Pentecost: Epistle and Gospel</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Twenty-Fourth Sunday After Pentecost.html')">Last Sunday After Pentecost: The General Judgment & 2nd Coming of Christ</a> <a href="The Second Coming.html">The Second Coming</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Last_Days.html')">Five Short Sermons On:<br> 1.) The Terrors of the Last Days </a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Last_Days.html#Sermon2')">2.) The General Resurrection</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Last_Days.html#Sermon3')">3.) The Coming of the Judge</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Last_Days.html#Sermon4')">4.) The Separation of the Good from the Bad</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Last_Days.html#Sermon5')">5.) The Opening of the Books </a> <a href="Ferrer_end_of_world.html">The End of the World and Last Judgment, Vincent Ferrer</a> <br><Br> <a href="The Little Number of Those Who Are Saved.html">The fewness of those saved. Will you be one of them?</a> <a href="Sins of Omission.html">Sins of Omission<br>by Cardinal Manning</a> <a href="Fear of Divine Justice.html">Fear of Divine Justice</a> <a href="St. Alphonsu the number of sins.html">On the Number of Sins, by St. Aphonsus Di Liguori</a> <A HREF="javascript:popUp('Death-Bed Conversion.html')">Death-Bed Repentance</a> <br><br> <a href="General Judgment.html">The End of the World and the General Judgment</a> <a href="Dies Irae.html">Dies Irae (Day of Wrath) <br>by Rev. Nicholaus Gihr</a> <a href="Death.html">Death and the Importance of Salvation</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Sinner at Death.html')">The Sinner at Death</a> <a href="Meditations on Saving Your Soul.html">Meditations on Saving Your Soul: Will it be Heaven or Hell?</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Vianney Salvation.html')">Salvation: from the Catechism of St. John Vianney</a> <a href="Father%20Daman%20Lecture%201.html">No Salvation Outside the Catholic Church</a> <a href="Litany of Faith Main.html">Litany of Faith and the Necessity of the Catholic Faith for Salvation</a> <br><br> <i> 4 Part Series on the signs that are to precede the Last Judgement: </i> <br><br> <a href="The Coming and Cruelty of Antichrist.html">I.       On the Coming and <br>         Cruelty of Antichrist</a> <a href="Terrible signs preceeding the Last Judgment.html">II.     Terrible signs preceeding<br>         The Last Judgment</a> <a href="Causes of Terrible Signs.html">III.   The Causes of these<br>         Terrible Signs</a> <a href="Suddenness of Last Day.html">IV.    The Suddenness of the <br>         Last Day</a> <br><br> <A NAME="GoffineMass"style="border-style: none"/></a> <A NAME="GoffineMassParts"style="border-style: none"/></a> <a href="Goffine_Mass_Parts.html">A Devout Guide to follow the Tridentine Latin Mass of Pope St. Pius V. Recommended for Those Who Cannot Attend Mass in Person. 24th Sunday After Pentecost.</a> <a href="The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass.html">The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, Fr. O' Keeffe, 1891</a> <a href="Quo Primum.html">Papal Bull: Quo Primum, the Tridentine Mass for all Times</a> <a href="Why the Latin Mass.html">Why the Mass is in Latin</a> <a href="Catholic Worship.html">Catholic Worship, Explained</a> <a href="Mass at Home.html">Manner of Hearing Mass At Home: For those who on account of sickness, old age, or for other proper reasons cannot assist at holy Mass, especially on Sundays and Holidays</a> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <br><br><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">November 23rd,<br>St. Clement I., Pope and Martyr and St. Felicitas, Martyr</font> <br><br> <img src="Saint%20of%20the%20Day%2011.23.08.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""><br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Clement I and St. Felicity.html')">St. Clement I. and St. Felicity</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Seven Brothers.html')">The Seven Brothers</a> <a href="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</a> <a href="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</a> <a href="Index of Childrens Prayer.html">Children Prayers and Sermons</a> <br><br> <a href="November_Poor_Souls_MP.html">Links for Prayers and Devotions to the Poor Souls during the month of November</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Visit the Grave_Zollner.html">Why Catholics are obligated to visit their loved ones at the cemetery</a> <a href="The Cry of the Souls_Zollner.html">The Cry of the Souls in <br>Purgatory to us</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">St. Clement I., Pope and Martyr and St. Felicitas, Martyr</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> Eternal Shepherd, watch over the peace of Thy flock, and through blessed Clement, Thy Martyr and Sovereign Pontiff, whom thou didst appoint shepherd over the whole Church, keep her under Thy constant protection. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> Blessed is the man who endures temptation: for when he has been tried, he will receive the crown of life which God has promised to those who love him. <br><br> Ant. The kingdom of heaven is like a merchant in search of good pearls. When he finds a single one of great price, he gives all that he has and buys it. <br><br> (Roman Breviary) </i> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">November 22nd, St. Cecilia, Virgin and Martyr</font> <br><br> <img src="Saint%20of%20the%20Day%2011.22.08.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""><br><br> <a href="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena and Devotions to St. Cecilia</a> <a href="The Life of St. Cecilia.html">The Life of St. Cecilia, Virgin and Martyr, by Dom Gueranger, 1866</a> <a href="Your Guardian Angel throughout Life.html">Your Guardian Angel throughout life</a> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('All Souls Prayers and Devotions New.html#Parents')">Prayers for Deceased Parents</a> <a href="November_Poor_Souls_MP.html">Links for Prayers and Devotions to the Poor Souls during the month of November</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Visit the Grave_Zollner.html">Why Catholics are obligated to visit their loved ones at the cemetery</a> <a href="The Cry of the Souls_Zollner.html">The Cry of the Souls in <br>Purgatory to us</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">St. Cecilia, Virgin and Martyr</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> God, Who dost gladden us with the yearly festival of blessed Cecilia thy Virgin and Martyr: grant, that we who honor her with our service, may also follow the example of her godly life. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> Ant. There is a secret, O Valerian, which I wish to tell thee: I have a lover, an Angel of God, who with great jealousy guards my body. <br><br> V. With thy comeliness and thy beauty. <br><br> R. Set out, proceed prosperously, and reign. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">November 21st, The Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</font> <br><br> <img src="Saint%20of%20the%20Day%2011.21.08.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""><br><br> <a href="Presentation%20of%20Mary.html">I. Presentation of the <br>    Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the <br>    Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Epistle Gospel Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Explanation of the Feast of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <a href="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</a> <a href="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim <br>and St. Anne, 1859</a> <a href="Remodel_your_home.html">Remodel Your Home After Mary's Heart</a> <br><br> <a href="November_Poor_Souls_MP.html">Links for Prayers and Devotions to the Poor Souls during the month of November</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Visit the Grave_Zollner.html">Why Catholics are obligated to visit their loved ones at the cemetery</a> <a href="The Cry of the Souls_Zollner.html">The Cry of the Souls in <br>Purgatory to us</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <br><br> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">The Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> God, Who didst will the blessed and ever-Virgin Mary, herself the dwelling-place of the Holy Ghost, should this day be presented in the temple; grant, we beseech Thee, that through her intercession we may be found worthy to be presented in the temple of Thy glory. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> V. Vouchsafe that I may praise thee, O Holy Virgin. <br><br> R. Give me stregnth against thy enemies. <br><br> Ant. O Blessed Virgin Mother of God, Mary, ever a Virgin, temple of the Lord, sanctuary of the Holy Ghost, thou alone without peer didst please our Lord Jesus Christ, alleluia. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4"> The Presentation of <br>Mary in the Temple</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font>he king shall greatly desire thy beauty: for He is the Lord Thy God, and Him they shall adore. (Psalm xliv. 12.)<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">M</font>ary from the first moment of her existence offered herself to God as an entire and an unblemished holocaust. From the instant when she was conceived immaculate the burden of her continual song was this: "I live; not I, but God Who lives in me." Oh, glorious child, who was thus from the first a participator of the divine nature!<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">B</font>ut she was not content with this mere offering of her heart. She must in outward act consecrate herself to God. As soon as her tine feet could walk she was brought to the Temple by her holy parents, Joachim and Anne. With what an ecstasy of delight she must have entered into the Temple, crying out: "How lovely are Thy tabernacles, O Lord of hosts: my soul longeth and fainteth for the courts of the Lord." (Psalm lxxxiii. I, 2.) Have I any of the same desire to consecrate my life to God?<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">M</font>ary knew that God is not to be found in the midst of the tumult and confusion of distracting cares, but that it is in silence and in solitude that He speaks to the heart (Osee ii. 14). She was teaching us to give, in some quiet retreat, now and again, our thoughts and our hearts to God and God alone.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">M</font>ary, it was thy lowliness,<br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">W</font>ell pleasing to the Lord,<br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">T</font>hat made thee worthy to become<br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">T</font>he Mother of the Word.<br> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">November 19th, St. Elizabeth of Hungary, Widow</font> <br><br> <img src="Saint%20of%20the%20Day%2011.19.08.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""> <br><br> <a href="Immaculate%20Heart%20of%20Mary.html#OLS">Our Lady's Saturday</a> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</a> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#First Saturday">Five First Saturdays</a> <a href="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary; Fatima and the Rosary</a> <a href="Remodel_your_home.html">Remodel Your Home After Mary's Heart</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Manning_Revolt_Society.html')">The Revolt of Society from God</a> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html')">St. Elizabeth of Hungary</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</a> <a href="Blessings%20of%20Children.html">Blessings of Many Children</a> <a href="Index%20of%20Childrens%20Prayer.html">Index of Children Prayers</a> <a href="Corporal Works of Mercy.html">The Corporal Works of Mercy</a> <a href="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</a> <a href="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <br><br> <a href="November_Poor_Souls_MP.html">Links for Prayers and Devotions to the Poor Souls during the month of November</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Visit the Grave_Zollner.html">Why Catholics are obligated to visit their loved ones at the cemetery</a> <a href="The Cry of the Souls_Zollner.html">The Cry of the Souls in <br>Purgatory to us</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Where is Purgatory.html')">Where is Purgatory</a> <a href="November 17th.html">Daily Meditations for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>Related links for the Sacrament of Penance</i> <br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="">Select from the Following:</option> <option value="Examine%20Index.html">Examination of Conscience</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On the Vice of Impurity.html#Idolatry')">The Idolatry of the Creature Due to Impurity</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Unchaste Thoughts and Desires.html')">Moral Teaching on Unchaste Thoughts and Desires and Prayers to Overcome Temptations</option> <option value="Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Sacrament of Penance</option> <option value="Confession Q and A.html">The Sacrament of Penance, All of Your Questions Answered</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Confession.html')">On the Benefits of a Good Confession</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Turning from Sin.html')">Two Short Sermons: <br>On Turning from Sin to God <br> The Sentiments of a Penitent Sinner</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Relapse into Sin popup.html')">Causes of Relapse into Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Preparation_Repentance_Confession.html')"> On the Preparation Necessary to <br>Make a Good Confession<br><br> On Motives for Repentance and Contrition <br>Necessary for a Good Confession</option> <option value="Self-Examination.html">The Necessity of Self-Examination</option> <option value="Examine 9.html">The Seven Deadly Sins, Nine Ways to Being an Accessory to Another's Sin, Sins Against the Holy Spirit</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Exposition on the Sixth Commandment.html')">The Sixth Commandment: Explained by St. Thomas Aquinas</option> <option value="Ritual%20of%20the%20Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Rite of Confession </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Thirteenth Sunday After Pentecost.html#General Confession')">General Confession</option> <option value="The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin Liguori.html">The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin<br>by St. Alphonsus Liguori</option> <option value="Contrition.html">Contrition</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment.html')">Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment</option> <option value="False Peace Sinful Conscience.html">The False Peace of a Sinful Conscience, by Fr. Hunolt, 1691-1746</option> <option value="Render Our Account.html">Render an Account of Your Life: A Must Read for Every Soul </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Sinner seeks God.html')">The Sinner will Seek God at Death</option> <option value="St. Alphonsu the number of sins.html">On the Number of Sins, by St. Aphonsus Di Liguori</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="Penitent%27s%20Prayer.html">Penitent's Consolation</option> <option value="Sin.html">The Nature of Sin</option> <option value="Folly of Sin.html">The Folly of Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Venial Sins.html')">On Not Making Light of Venial Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Multitude_of_Sins.html')">On the Multitude of Our Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Mortal Sin.html')"><br>On the Horror of Mortal Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Spiritual Murder.html')">On Spiritual Murder</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Thursday_First_Week_Lent.html')">Examination of Our Duties <br>and State of Life</option> <option value="Conscience.html">Conscience</option> <option value="Ten%20Commandments%20Index.html">Index of the Ten Commandments</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners.html')">The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners</option> <option value="The Sinners Guide.html">The Sinner's Guide <br>by Ven. Louis of Granada, O.P.</option> <option value="Childrens Confession.html">Catholic Instruction for Children for the Sacrament of Penance, 1897</option> </option></select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">St. Elizabeth of Hungary, Widow</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">E</font>nlighten the hearts of Thy faithful O God of mercy; and through the renowned prayers of blessed Elizabeth, grant that we may despise worldly welfare, and ever be gladdened by consolation from heaven. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> Ant. The kingdom of heaven is like a merchant in search of good pearls. When he finds a single one of great price, he gives all that he has and buys it. <br><br> V. With thy comeliness and thy beauty. <br><br> R. Set out, proceed prosperously, and reign. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">November 18th, Dedication of the Basilicas of Sts. Peter and Paul</font> <br><br> <img src="Saint%20of%20the%20Day%2011.18.08.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""> <br><br> <a href="Sacred Heart Enthronement.html">The Enthronement of the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <a href="Devotions to the Sacred Heart.html#Reparation">Act of Reparation to the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <a href="Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus.html">Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Dedication Basilicas.html')">Dedication of the Basilicas of Saints Peter and Paul, Apostles</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Peter and Paul popup.html')"> Ss. Peter and Paul, Apostles</a> <a href="Labor of the Apostles.html">The Lives of the 12 Apostles and St. Paul: The Apostles Creed</a> <a href="The Labor of the Apostles Book.html">The Labor of the Apostles: <br>Their Teaching of the Nations</a> <a href="St. Peter Lives of the Popes.html">St. Peter, Apostle and First Pope</a> <a href="Tissot Illustrated Bible V1 Part2.html">Vol. 1, Part 2: The Ministry of Jesus Christ from the Latin Vulgate, as Illustrated by Catholic Artist and Historian, James Tissot, 1899</a> <a href="Tissot Illustrated Bible V2.html">Vol. 2: Parables and Teachings of Jesus Christ from the Latin Vulgate, as Illustrated by Catholic Artist and Historian, James Tissot, 1899</a> <a href="Baptism.html#Patron">Prayers and Novena to Your Patron Saint at Baptism</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <br><br> <a href="November_Poor_Souls_MP.html">Links for Prayers and Devotions to the Poor Souls during the month of November</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Visit the Grave_Zollner.html">Why Catholics are obligated to visit their loved ones at the cemetery</a> <a href="The Cry of the Souls_Zollner.html">The Cry of the Souls in <br>Purgatory to us</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Where is Purgatory.html')">Where is Purgatory</a> <a href="November 17th.html">Daily Meditations for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <br><br><br> <img src="Sts_Peter_Paul_Basilica.jpg"><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">Dedication of the Basilicas of Sts. Peter and Paul</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> God, Who year by year bringest round once more the day of the consecration of this Thy holy temple, and summonest us, still hale and well, to take part again and again in these holy mysteries: graciously hear Thy people's prayer, and grant that, whosoever shall enter into this holy temple to ask good things from Thee, they may receive with joy whatever they shall ask. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> V. This is the house of the Lord, strongly built. <br><br> R. It is well founded upon a firm rock. <br><br> Ant. The Lord hath sanctified his tabernacle: for this is the house of God, wherein his name shall be invoked, of which it is written: And my name shall be there, saith the Lord. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">November 17th, St. Gregory Thaumaturgus, Bishop and Confessor</font> <br><br> <img src="Saint%20of%20the%20Day%2011.17.08.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""><br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Gregory Thaumaturgus.html')">St. Gregory Thaumaturgus</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Miracles.html')">Saints: the Gift of Miracles</a> <a href="Baptism.html">The Sacrament of Baptism</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('The Virtue of Chastity.html')"> Prayers for the Preservation of Chastity. An Explanation and Defense of the Virtue of Chastity</a> <a href="Devils who Tempt.html">Part 3:  Temptations and the <br>            Devils who Tempt</a> <a href="Exorcism.html">St. Michael/ Exorcism</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <br><br> <a href="November_Poor_Souls_MP.html">Links for Prayers and Devotions to the Poor Souls during the month of November</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Visit the Grave_Zollner.html">Why Catholics are obligated to visit their loved ones at the cemetery</a> <a href="The Cry of the Souls_Zollner.html">The Cry of the Souls in <br>Purgatory to us</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Where is Purgatory.html')">Where is Purgatory</a> <a href="November 17th.html">Daily Meditations for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">St. Gregory Thaumaturgus, Bishop and Confessor</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">G</font>rant, we beseech Thee, Almighty God: that the holy festival of blessed Gregory Thy Confessor and Bishop may both increase our devotion and advance our salvation. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> Ant. O priest and Bishop, and worker of virtues, good shepherd of the people, pray unto the Lord for us. <br><br> V. The Lord loved him and adorned him. <br><br> R. He clothed him with a rob of glory. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">November 16th, St. Gertrude the Great, Abbess</font> <br><br> <img src="Saint%20of%20the%20Day%2011.16.08.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""><br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude New Popup.html')">St. Gertrude the Great</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html')">Devotions and Prayers to <br>St. Gertrude</a> <a href="St. Gertrude Book.html">The Life and Revelations of Saint Gertrude, Virgin and Abbess</a> <a href="Devotions%20to%20the%20Sacred%20Heart.html">Devotions to the Sacred Heart</a> <a href="Sacred%20Heart%20Feast.html">Feast of the Sacred Heart</a> <a href="Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus.html">Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <a href="The Manual of the Sacred Heart.html"><br>The Manual of the Sacred Heart</a> <a href="The Holy Hour.html">The Holy Hour</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <br><br> <a href="November_Poor_Souls_MP.html">Links for Prayers and Devotions to the Poor Souls during the month of November</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Visit the Grave_Zollner.html">Why Catholics are obligated to visit their loved ones at the cemetery</a> <a href="The Cry of the Souls_Zollner.html">The Cry of the Souls in <br>Purgatory to us</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Where is Purgatory.html')">Where is Purgatory</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">St. Gertrude the Great, Abbess</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> God, Who in the heart of the blessed Virgin Gertrude, didst provide for Thyself a dwelling very pleasing in Thy sight: through her merits and intercession mercifully wash the stains from our hearts and grant that we may enjoy fellowship with her. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> V. With thy comeliness and thy beauty. <br><br> R. Set out, proceed prosperously, and reign. <br><br> Ant. Come, Spouse of Christ, receive the crown, which they Lord hath prepared for thee for all eternity. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)</i><br><br> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">November 15th, St. Albert the Great, Bishop, Confessor and Doctor of the Church</font> <br><br> <img src="Albert_Great_Miniature.jpg"> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Litany St. Albert.html')">St. Albert the Great</a> <a href="St. Albert the Great Book.html">Albert the Great, His Life and Scholastic Labours, 1876</a> <br><br> <a href="November_Poor_Souls_MP.html">Links for Prayers and Devotions to the Poor Souls during the month of November</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Visit the Grave_Zollner.html">Why Catholics are obligated to visit their loved ones at the cemetery</a> <a href="The Cry of the Souls_Zollner.html">The Cry of the Souls in <br>Purgatory to us</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Where is Purgatory.html')">Where is Purgatory</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">St. Albert the Great, Bishop, Confessor and Doctor of the Church</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> God, Who didst make Blessed Albert, Thy Bishop and Doctor, great through subordinating human wisdom to divine faith: grant, we beseech Thee, that we may keep so firmly in the path of his authoritative teaching that we may enjoy perfect light in heaven. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> V. The Lord loved him and adorned him. <br><br> R. He clothed him with a robe of glory. <br><br> Ant. O excellent Doctor, light of holy Church, blessed Albert, lover of the divine law, pray unto the Son of God for us. <br><br> (Roman Breviary) </i> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">November 14th, St. Josephat, Bishop and Martyr</font> <br><br> <img src="Saint%20of%20the%20Day%2011.14.08.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""> <br><br> <a href="St. Josaphat.html">St. Josaphat</a> <a href="Saint Josaphat, Martyr of Catholic Unity.html">Saint Josaphat, Martyr of Catholic Unity</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Abjuration of Heresy and Profession of Faith.html')">Abjuration of Heresy and Profession of Faith of the Council of Trent, Pius IV., 1565</a> <br><br> <a href="November_Poor_Souls_MP.html">Links for Prayers and Devotions to the Poor Souls during the month of November</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Visit the Grave_Zollner.html">Why Catholics are obligated to visit their loved ones at the cemetery</a> <a href="The Cry of the Souls_Zollner.html">The Cry of the Souls in <br>Purgatory to us</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Little Office Advent Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, for the Season of Advent</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">St. Josephat, Bishop and Martyr</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">S</font>tir up within Thy Church, O Lord, we beseech Thee, the Spirit which did so fill blessed Josaphat, Thy Martyr and Bishop, that he laid down his life for his sheep: by his intercession let us be so stirred and strengthened by the same Spirit, that we may not shrink from giving our lives for the brethren. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> V. Thou hast crowned him with glory and honor, O Lord. <br><br> R. And hast set him over the works of Thy hands. <br><br> Ant. This Saint hath striven for the law of his God even unto death, and hath not feared for the words of the ungodly; for he had been founded upon a firm rock. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <A NAME="Refresh"style="border-style: none"/></a> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">November 13th, St. Didacus, Confessor. In some places St. Stanilaus Kostka.</font> <br><br> <img src="Saint%20of%20the%20Day%2011.13.08.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Didacus.html')">St. Didacus, Confessor</a> <a href="Corporal Works of Mercy.html">The Corporal Works of Mercy</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Litany of the Holy Cross.html')">Litany of the Holy Cross</a> <a href="Shortened Stations.html">The Short Method of the <br>Stations of the Cross. Offer for the Poor Souls in Purgatory</a> <br><br> <img src="11.13.22 Alt miniature.jpg"> <br><br> <a href="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html"> St. Stanislaus Kostka</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('The Virtue of Chastity.html')"> Prayers for the Preservation of Chastity. An Explanation and Defense of the Virtue of Chastity</a> <a href="Holy Purity.html">Holy Purity</a> <a href="The Sin Unto Death.html">The Sin Unto Death<br>by Cardinal Manning</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Death-Bed Conversion.html')">Death-Bed Repentance</a> <br><br> <a href="November_Poor_Souls_MP.html">Links for Prayers and Devotions to the Poor Souls during the month of November</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Visit the Grave_Zollner.html">Why Catholics are obligated to visit their loved ones at the cemetery</a> <a href="The Cry of the Souls_Zollner.html">The Cry of the Souls in <br>Purgatory to us</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Little Office Advent Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, for the Season of Advent</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">St. Didacus, Confessor</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">A</font>lmighty and everlasting God, Who in Thy wonderful providence hast chosen the weak things of the world to confound the strong, mercifully grant to us, Thy humble servants, that through the good prayers of blessed Didacus Thy confessor, we may become worthy to be raised to everlasting glory in heaven. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br><br> <i> V. The Lord loved him and adorned him. <br><br> R. He clothed him with a robe of glory. <br><br> Ant. I will liken him to a wise man that built his house upon a rock. <br><br> (Roman Breviary) </i> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">B</font>orn in Spain about A.D. 1400, he gave up all he possessed and entered, as a lay-brother, the Franciscan monastery at Arrizafa. He devoted himself especially to contemplation and was favored by God by such wonderful light that he spoke of heavenly things in an almost divine way. His ardent desire for martyrdom while he was in the Canary Islands was partly satisfied by all manner of tribulations.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">H</font>e returned to Rome the year of the Jubilee, under the pontificate of Nicholas V, was put in charge of the sick at the convent of Ars Caeli, and practiced so much charity, that in spite of the scarcity which desolated the city, those who were committed to his care never wanted the necessaries of life. The passion of Jesus was the ordinary subject of his meditations and prayers. Feeling that his end was near, with his eyes fixed on the cross, he uttered the words of the sacred hymn: "Wood and nails full of sweetness, ye bear the sweetest of loads; how great your glory since you have been judged worthy to bear the King of heaven." He piously gave up his soul to God at Alcala de Henares in 1463. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">November 12th, St. Martin I, Pope and Martyr</font> <br><br> <img src="Saint%20of%20the%20Day%2011.12.08.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""> <br><br> <a href="Immaculate%20Heart%20of%20Mary.html#OLS">Our Lady's Saturday</a> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</a> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#First Saturday">Five First Saturdays</a> <a href="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary; Fatima and the Rosary</a> <a href="Remodel_your_home.html">Remodel Your Home After Mary's Heart</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Manning_Revolt_Society.html')">The Revolt of Society from God</a> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Persecution of the Church.html')">Why the World Continually Persecutes the Church</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Abjuration of Heresy and Profession of Faith.html')">Abjuration of Heresy and Profession of Faith of the Council of Trent, Pius IV., 1565</a> <a href="What Every Christian Must Do Main.html">What Cannot and What Can Be Reformed in the Church. What Every Christian Must Believe and Do to be Saved.</a> <a href="#Poor Souls">November Devotions to the <br>Poor Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Visit the Grave_Zollner.html">Why Catholics are obligated to visit their loved ones at the cemetery</a> <a href="The Cry of the Souls_Zollner.html">The Cry of the Souls in <br>Purgatory to us</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Little Office Advent Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, for the Season of Advent</a> <br><br> <i>Related links for the Sacrament of Penance</i> <br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="">Select from the Following:</option> <option value="Examine%20Index.html">Examination of Conscience</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On the Vice of Impurity.html#Idolatry')">The Idolatry of the Creature Due to Impurity</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Unchaste Thoughts and Desires.html')">Moral Teaching on Unchaste Thoughts and Desires and Prayers to Overcome Temptations</option> <option value="Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Sacrament of Penance</option> <option value="Confession Q and A.html">The Sacrament of Penance, All of Your Questions Answered</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Confession.html')">On the Benefits of a Good Confession</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Turning from Sin.html')">Two Short Sermons: <br>On Turning from Sin to God <br> The Sentiments of a Penitent Sinner</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Relapse into Sin popup.html')">Causes of Relapse into Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Preparation_Repentance_Confession.html')"> On the Preparation Necessary to <br>Make a Good Confession<br><br> On Motives for Repentance and Contrition <br>Necessary for a Good Confession</option> <option value="Self-Examination.html">The Necessity of Self-Examination</option> <option value="Examine 9.html">The Seven Deadly Sins, Nine Ways to Being an Accessory to Another's Sin, Sins Against the Holy Spirit</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Exposition on the Sixth Commandment.html')">The Sixth Commandment: Explained by St. Thomas Aquinas</option> <option value="Ritual%20of%20the%20Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Rite of Confession </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Thirteenth Sunday After Pentecost.html#General Confession')">General Confession</option> <option value="The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin Liguori.html">The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin<br>by St. Alphonsus Liguori</option> <option value="Contrition.html">Contrition</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment.html')">Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment</option> <option value="False Peace Sinful Conscience.html">The False Peace of a Sinful Conscience, by Fr. Hunolt, 1691-1746</option> <option value="Render Our Account.html">Render an Account of Your Life: A Must Read for Every Soul </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Sinner seeks God.html')">The Sinner will Seek God at Death</option> <option value="St. Alphonsu the number of sins.html">On the Number of Sins, by St. Aphonsus Di Liguori</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="Penitent%27s%20Prayer.html">Penitent's Consolation</option> <option value="Sin.html">The Nature of Sin</option> <option value="Folly of Sin.html">The Folly of Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Venial Sins.html')">On Not Making Light of Venial Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Multitude_of_Sins.html')">On the Multitude of Our Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Mortal Sin.html')"><br>On the Horror of Mortal Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Spiritual Murder.html')">On Spiritual Murder</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Thursday_First_Week_Lent.html')">Examination of Our Duties <br>and State of Life</option> <option value="Conscience.html">Conscience</option> <option value="Ten%20Commandments%20Index.html">Index of the Ten Commandments</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners.html')">The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners</option> <option value="The Sinners Guide.html">The Sinner's Guide <br>by Ven. Louis of Granada, O.P.</option> <option value="Childrens Confession.html">Catholic Instruction for Children for the Sacrament of Penance, 1897</option> </option></select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">St. Martin I, Pope and Martyr</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> Eternal Shepherd, watch over the peace of thy flock, and through blessed Martin, Thy Martyr and Sovereign Pontiff, whom Thou didst appoint shepherd over the whole Church, keep her under Thy constant protection. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br><br> <i> Ant. This Saint hath striven for the law of his God even unto death, and hath not feared for the words of the ungodly; for he had been founded upon a firm rock. <br><br> V. Thou hast crowned him with glory and honor, O Lord. <br><br> R. And hast set him over the works of Thy hands. <br><br> (Roman Breviary) </i> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">M</font>artin was born at Todi in Umbria. At the beginning of his pontificate he sent letters and emissaries to Paul, patriarch of Constantinople in an endeavor to recall that bishop from his deplorable apostasy from the true Catholic faith. But Paul, supported by the heretical emperor Constans, had become so steeped in that madness that he banished the legates of the Apostolic See to various places in the islands. The Pontiff, indignant at this outrage, summoned a council at Rome. One hundred and five bishops attended this assembly which condemned Paul.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">C</font>onstans, therefore, sent the exarch Olympius into Italy to plan either to assassinate Pope Martin or to bring him prisoner to the emperor. When Olympius reached Rome he ordered a lictor to slay the Pope while he was celebrating Mass in the basilica of Saint Mary at the Manger. As the lictor arrived at the church he was suddenly stricken blind.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">F</font>rom that time on Constans suffered many calamities but they did not make him better. He sent Theodore Calliopas to the City to lay hands upon the Pope. Theodore arrested Martin through treachery and took him to Constantinople. Constans exiled him to the Chersonesus, where on September 16th, worn out by his sufferings for the Catholic faith, Martin died. Even then he was renowned for miracles. Later his body was taken to Rome and buried in the church dedicated to Saint Sylvester and Saint Martin. He had ruled the Church six years, one month and twenty-six days. During that time he had held two ordinations in the month of December, ordained eleven priests, five deacons, and consecrated thirty-three bishops for various sees. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">November 11th, St. Martin of Tours, Bishop and Confessor</font> <br><br><br> <img src="Saint%20of%20the%20Day%2011.11.08.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""> <br><br> <a href="Sacred Heart Enthronement.html">The Enthronement of the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <a href="Devotions to the Sacred Heart.html#Reparation">Act of Reparation to the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <a href="Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus.html">Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <br><br> <a href="St. Martin of Tours.html">    St. Martin of Tours</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Feast Day Martin of Tours.html')">Instructions for the Feast of St. Martin of Tours</a> <a href="Corporal Works of Mercy.html">The Corporal Works of Mercy</a> <br><br> <i>Related Links to Fr. Weninger's Practical Considerations from the Life of St. Martin of Tours</i> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challonder_death_bed.html')">On Death-Bed Performances</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Devils who Tempt.html')">Temptations and the Devils Who Tempt</a> <br><br> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Visit the Grave_Zollner.html">Why Catholics are obligated to visit their loved ones at the cemetery</a> <a href="The Cry of the Souls_Zollner.html">The Cry of the Souls in <br>Purgatory to us</a> <a href="#Poor Souls">November Devotions to the <br>Poor Souls in Purgatory</a> <br><br> <a name="Veterans_Day" style="border-style: none"></a> <a href="Armed Service.html">A Memorial to those who have served in the Military</a> <a href="Prayers for Peace.html">Prayers for Peace</a> <a href="Prayers for America_2016.html">Prayers for America and Guidelines for Making a Moral Decision</a> <a href="Litany on Behalf of Country.html">Litany on Behalf of Country, <br>Leo XIII, "Columbus is Ours"</a> <br><br> <i>Patron Saints of Soldiers and the Military</i> <br><br> <a href="Exorcism.html">St. Michael/ Exorcism</a> <a href="St.%20Michael%20Feast%20Day.html">Devotions to St. Michael</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Resisting the Enemies of Our Salvation.html')">Part 12:  Resisting the Enemies of Our Salvation</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. George Holy Helper.html')">St. George</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Ignatius.html')">St. Ignatius of Loyola, Confessor</a> <a href="St.%20Francis.html">St. Francis of Assisi, Confessor</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. James the Greater.html')">St. James the Greater, Apostle</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Sts. Fabian and Sabastian.html')">St. Sebastian, Martyr</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Eustace.html')">St. Eustace and Companions, Martyrs</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Martin of Tours.html')">St. Martin, Bishop and Confessor</a><br><br> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Little Office Advent Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, for the Season of Advent</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">St. Martin of Tours, Bishop and Confessor</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> God, Who knowest that we stand not by any strength of our own: mercifully grant, that by the intercession of blessed Martin Thy Confessor and Bishop, we may be shielded from all harm. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> V. The Lord loved him, and adorned him. <br><br> R. He clothed him with a robe of glory. <br><br> Ant. O blessed man, whose soul now possesses paradise! Wherefore the Angels exult, the Archangels rejoice, the choir of the Saints proclaims, the throng of Virgins ask: Abide with us for ever. <br><br> (Roman Breviary) </i> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">S</font>aint Martin, born in Pannonia (Hungary), followed his father, a military tribune in the service of Rome, to Italy. Although he was raised in paganism, he felt nothing but contempt for its cult, and as though he were Christian by nature, he took pleasure only in the assemblies of the faithful, which he attended despite his family's opposition. When he was fifteen years old, he was forcibly enrolled in the Roman armies and went to serve in Gaul, the land he was predestined to evangelize one day. What would become of this young boy, when exposed to the libertinage of the camps? Would his faith not be obliterated? No, for God was watching over His vessel of election.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font>he most famous episode of this period in his life is his meeting with a poor man almost naked in the dead of winter, and trembling with cold. Martin did not have a penny to give him, but he remembered the text of the Gospel: I was naked, and you clothed Me. My friend, he said, I have nothing but my weapons and my garments. And taking up his sword, he divided his cloak into two parts and gave one to the beggar. The following night he saw Jesus Christ in a dream, clothed with this half-cloak and saying to His Angels: It is Martin, still a catechumen, who covered Me. Soon afterwards he received Baptism.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">D</font>isinterested charity, purity, and bravery distinguished the life of the young soldier. He obtained his discharge at the age of about twenty. Martin succeeded in converting his mother, but was driven from his home by the Arians. He took refuge with Saint Hilary, Bishop of Poitiers. After having given striking proofs of his attachment to the faith of Nicea, he founded near Poitiers the celebrated monastery of LigugÃÆÃâÃâ Ã¢â¬â¢ÃÆÃ¢â¬ ÃÂ¢Ã¢âÂ¬Ã¢âÂ¢ÃÆÃâÃÂ¢Ã¢âÂ¬ ÃÆÃÂ¢ÃÂ¢Ã¢â¬Å¡ÃÂ¬ÃÂ¢Ã¢â¬Å¾ÃÂ¢ÃÆÃâÃâ Ã¢â¬â¢ÃÆÃÂ¢ÃÂ¢Ã¢â¬Å¡ÃÂ¬Ãâ¦ÃÂ¡ÃÆÃâÃÂ¢Ã¢âÂ¬ÃÂ¡ÃÆÃ¢â¬Å¡ÃâÃÂ©, the first in Gaul. The brilliance of his sanctity and his miracles raised him in 372 to the episcopal throne of Tours, despite his lively resistance. His life thereafter was but a continual succession of prodigies and apostolic labors. His flock, though Christian in name, was still pagan at heart. Unarmed and attended only by his monks, Martin destroyed the heathen temples and groves, and completed by his preaching and miracles the conversion of the people. His power over demons was extraordinary. Idolatry never recovered from the blows given it by Saint Martin.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">A</font>fter having visited and renewed his diocese, the servant of God felt pressed to extend his journeyings and labors beyond its confines. Clothed in a poor tunic and a rude cloak, and seated on an ass, accompanied only by a few religious, he left like a poor missionary to evangelize the countryside. He passed through virtually all the provinces of Gaul, and neither mountains, nor rivers, nor dangers of any description stopped him. Everywhere his undertakings were victorious, and he more than earned his title of the Light and the Apostle of Gaul. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">November 10th, St. Andrew Avellino, Confessor </font> <br><br><br> <img src="11.10.09.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Andrew Avellino.html')">St. Andrew Avellino</a> <a href="Index for the Dying.html">Index of Prayers and <br>Devotions for the Dying</a> <a href="The Art of Dying Well.html">The Art of Dying Well <br>by St. Robert Bellarmine</a> <a href="Render Our Account.html">Rendering Our Accounts to God</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challonder_death_bed.html')">On Death-Bed Performances</a> <a href="Hour of Death_New.html"> Reflections on: the Terrors of Death; the Assaults of Satan at the Hour of Death; the Apparition of the Spirits of Darkness; the Fear of Hell; the Judment</a> <a href="Index for the Sick.html">Index of Prayers and <br>Devotions for the Sick</a> <a href="Contrition_Perfect_Contrition.html">Contrition: Explanation of Perfect Contrition and the Necessity of Contrition for Forgiveness of Sins</a> <a href="Death.html">Death</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('time.html')">Time is No More</a> <a href="The Penitent Christian.html">The Penitent Christian</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Live in Sin.html')">They that Live in Sin</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Sinner seeks God.html')">The Sinner Seeks God</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Sinner at Death.html')">The Sinner at Death, the Demons Appear</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Death-Bed Conversion.html')">Death-Bed Repentance</a> <a href="Extreme Unction.html">The Sacrament of <br>Extreme Unction</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Mercy and Justice.html')">The Mercy and Justice of God</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html')">Novena for the Poor Souls</a> <a href="The Cry of the Souls_Zollner.html">The Cry of the Souls in <br>Purgatory to us</a> <a href="What we must do to gain heaven.html">What must we do in order to be admitted with the Saints into Heaven?</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Visit the Grave_Zollner.html">Why Catholics are obligated to visit their loved ones at the cemetery</a> <a href="November Month Sanctified.html">Twelve Months Sanctified by Prayer, November--Dedicated to the Souls in Purgatory</a> <br><br> <a href="Joyful.html">Joyful Mysteries</a> <a href="Sorrowful.html">Sorrowful Mysteries</a> <a href="Glorious.html">Glorious Mysteries</a> <a href="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the <br>Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">November 10th, St. Andrew Avellino, Confessor</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> God, Thou didst marvelously lift up to Thyself the heart of blessed Andrew Thy Confessor, by means of his steadfast vow to advance in virtue daily: grant, we beseech Thee, that through his merits and intercession we may share in the like grace, so that, by ever following the more perfect way, we may happily be brought to Thy glory on high. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">A</font>fter a holy youth devoted to serious studies of philosophy and the humanities in Venice, Lancelot Avellino was ordained priest by the bishop of Naples. He was assigned to the chaplaincy of a community of nuns, sadly in need of reform; his intrepid courage and perseverance finally overcame many difficulties, and regular observance was restored in the monastery. Certain irritated libertines, however, decided to do away with him and, waiting for him when he was about to leave a church, felled him with three sword thrusts. He lost much blood, but his wounds healed perfectly without leaving any trace. The viceroy of Naples was ready to employ all his authority to punish the authors of this sacrilege; the holy priest, not desiring the death of sinners but rather their conversion and their salvation, declined to pursue them. One of them, however, died soon afterwards, assassinated by a man who wished to avenge a dishonor to his house.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">H</font>e was still practicing law, which he had studied in Naples; one day a slight untruth escaped him in the defense of a client, and he conceived such regret for his fault that he vowed to practice law no longer. In 1556, at the age of thirty-six, he entered the Theatine Order, taking the name of Andrew out of love for the cross. After a pilgrimage to Rome to the tombs of the Apostles, he returned to Naples and was named master of novices in his Community, a duty he fulfilled for ten years. He was also chosen to be Superior of the house there, and then was sent out to found two houses elsewhere, at Milan and Piacenza. At the latter city he again met the opposition of libertines; but the Duke of Parma, to whom letters accusing him were directed, was completely charmed when he met him, and regarded him thereafter as a Saint.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">H</font>e then became Superior of the Milan foundation, where his friendship with Saint Charles Borromeo took root; the two Saints conversed together often. And Saint Andrew, with his admirable simplicity, confided to the Archbishop that he had seen Our Lord, and that since that time the impression of His divine beauty, remaining with him constantly, had rendered insipid all other so-called beauties of the earth. Petitions were presented to Pope Gregory XIV to make him a bishop, but he declined that honor with firmness, having always desired to remain obedient rather than to command. When his term as superior ended, he was successful in avoiding the government of another Theatine residence for only three years, then became superior at Saint Paul of Naples.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font>nce when Saint Andrew was taking the Viaticum to a dying person and a storm extinguished the lamps, a heavenly light surrounded him, guided his steps, and sheltered him from the rain. But he was far from exempt from sufferings. His horse threw him one day on a rough road, and since his feet were caught in the stirrups, dragged him for a long time along this road. He invoked Saint Dominic and Saint Thomas Aquinas, who came to him, wiped his face covered with blood, cured his wounds, and even helped him back onto the horse. He attributed such episodes to his unworthiness, believing he was among the reprobate, but Saint Thomas once again came to him, accompanied by Saint Augustine, and restored his confidence in the love and mercy of God.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font>n the last day of his life, November 10, 1608, Saint Andrew rose to say Mass. He was eighty-eight years old, and so weak he could scarcely reach the altar. He began the Judica me, Deus, the opening prayer, but fell forward, the victim of apoplexy. Laid on a straw mattress, his whole frame was convulsed in agony, while the ancient fiend, in visible form, advanced as though to seize his soul. Then, while the onlookers prayed and wept, he invoked Our Lady, and his Guardian Angel seized the monster and dragged it out of the room. A calm and holy smile settled on the features of the dying Saint and, as he gazed with a grateful countenance on the image of Mary, his holy soul winged its way to God. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">November 9th, Dedication of the Basilica of Saint Saviour and St. Theodore</font> <br><br> <a href="#Basilica">Dedication of the Lateran Basilica</a> <a href="The Cry of the Souls_Zollner.html">The Cry of the Souls in Purgatory to us</a> <a href="What we must do to gain heaven.html">What must we do in order to be admitted with the Saints into Heaven?</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Visit the Grave_Zollner.html">Why Catholics are obligated to visit their loved ones at the cemetery</a> <a href="November Month Sanctified.html">Twelve Months Sanctified by Prayer, November--Dedicated to the Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="#Meditations">Meditations on The Poor Souls in Purgatory for the Month of November</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="Joyful.html">Joyful Mysteries</a> <a href="Sorrowful.html">Sorrowful Mysteries</a> <a href="Glorious.html">Glorious Mysteries</a> <a href="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the <br>Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <br><br> <img src="St. Theodore Weninger_Miniature.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> God, Who dost encompass and shield us by the glorious confession of blessed Theodore Thy Martyr: grant that we may profit by his example, and be strengthened by his intercession. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">Saint Theodore Tyro</font><br> <i>Martyr in Asia Minor, 304</i><br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Theodore and St. Hugh.html')">St. Theodore, Soldier and Martyr</a><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">S</font>aint Theodore Tyro, one of the most celebrated of the oriental martyrs, was born of a noble family in the East, and enrolled while still a youth in the imperial army. Early in 306, when he had just joined the legion and marched with its soldiers into the Pont, the Roman Emperor issued an edict requiring all Christians to offer sacrifice. The young man was faced with the choice between apostasy and death. He declared before his commander that he was ready to be cut in pieces and offer up every limb to his Creator, Who had died for him. Wishing to conquer him by gentleness, the commander left him in peace for a while, that he might think over his resolution.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">H</font>e profited from his liberty to fortify other confessors for martyrdom, and in his ardor for the downfall of idolatry he set fire to a temple dedicated to the goddess Cybel, called "the mother of the gods." He did not attempt to conceal his act, but when arrested admitted at once that he was the author of it, and that he had undertaken it to prevent the sacrileges committed every day in that place of abomination. The judge could not persuade him to renounce this "crime" and adore the empireÃÆÃâÃâ Ã¢â¬â¢ÃÆÃ¢â¬ ÃÂ¢Ã¢âÂ¬Ã¢âÂ¢ÃÆÃâÃÂ¢Ã¢âÂ¬ÃÂ¡ÃÆÃ¢â¬Å¡ÃâÃÂ¢ÃÆÃâÃâ Ã¢â¬â¢ÃÆÃ¢â¬Å¡ÃâÃÂ¢ÃÆÃâÃâÃÂ¢ÃÆÃÂ¢ÃÂ¢Ã¢âÂ¬ÃÂ¡ÃâÃÂ¬ÃÆÃ¢â¬Â¦ÃâÃÂ¡ÃÆÃâÃÂ¢Ã¢âÂ¬ÃÂ¡ÃÆÃ¢â¬Å¡ÃâÃÂ¬ÃÆÃâÃâ Ã¢â¬â¢ÃÆÃ¢â¬Å¡ÃâÃÂ¢ÃÆÃâÃâÃÂ¢ÃÆÃÂ¢ÃÂ¢Ã¢âÂ¬ÃÂ¡ÃâÃÂ¬ÃÆÃ¢â¬Â¦ÃâÃÂ¾ÃÆÃâÃÂ¢Ã¢âÂ¬ÃÂ¡ÃÆÃ¢â¬Å¡ÃâÃÂ¢s divinities; he therefore had him cruelly whipped and then shut up in a solitary cell with the order to give him nothing to eat and let him die of hunger.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font>ur Lord visited him during the night and consoled him, and He told his servant He Himself would nourish him invisibly. This visit filled him with such joy that he began to sing; and at the same moment, Angels in white robes appeared in his prison, to sing hymns of joy with him. The jailers and guardians all witnessed this spectacle, as did also the judge Publius who had condemned him, but none of them were touched by it. They gave him an ounce of bread and a flask of water every day, only to prolong his martyrdom. The Saint refused these offerings.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">W</font>hen the authorities made him fine promises and attempted to persuade him to conform, he protested that never would he say one word or make one gesture contrary to the fidelity he owed to his sovereign Lord. He was again beaten and tortured with iron hooks, then burnt with torches, and condemned finally to be burnt alive, to punish him for the fire he had ignited. He made the sign of the Cross, and filled with faith, hope and pure love of God, gave up to Him his beautiful soul, victorious and laden with merits. The year was 304. The Christians saw his soul rise to heaven like a flash of light and fire. <br><br><br><hr><br><br><br> <A NAME="Basilica"style="border-style: none"/></a> <img src="Saint%20of%20the%20Day%2011.09.08.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">Dedication of the Lateran Basilica</font><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font>he residence of the Popes which was named the Lateran Palace was built by Lateranus Palutius, whom Nero put to death to seize his goods. It was given in the year 313 by Constantine the Great to Saint Miltiades, Pope, and was inhabited by his successors until 1308, when they moved to Avignon. The Lateran Basilica built by Constantine near the palace of the same name, is the first Basilica of the West. Twelve councils, four of which were ecumenical, have assembled there, the first in 649, the last in 1512.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font>f for several centuries the Popes have no longer dwelt in the Palace, the primacy of the Basilica is not thereby altered; it remains the head of all churches. Saint Peter Damian wrote that "just as the Saviour is the Head of the elect, the church which bears His name is the head of all the churches. Those of Saints Peter and Paul, to its left and its right, are the two arms by which this sovereign and universal Church embraces the entire earth, saving all who desire salvation, warming them, protecting them in its maternal womb."<br><br> <i>The Divine Office narrates the dedication of the Church by the Pope of Peace, Saint Sylvester:</i><br><br> "<font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font>t was the Blessed Pope Sylvester who established the rites observed by the Roman Church for the consecration of churches and altars. From the time of the Apostles there had been certain places dedicated to God, which some called oratories, and others, churches. There, on the first day of the week, the assembly was held, and there the Christian people were accustomed to pray, to hear the Word of God, and to receive the Eucharist. But never had these places been consecrated so solemnly; nor had a fixed altar been placed there which, anointed with sacred chrism, was the symbol of Our Lord Jesus Christ, Who for us is altar, victim and Pontiff. But when the Emperor Constantine through the sacrament of Baptism had obtained health of body and salvation of soul, a law was issued by him which for the first time permitted that everywhere in the world Christians might build churches.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">N</font>ot satisfied to establish this edict, the prince wanted to give an example and inaugurate the holy labors. Thus in his own Lateran palace, he dedicated a church to the Saviour, and founded the attached baptistry under the name of Saint John the Baptist, in the place where he himself, baptized by Saint Sylvester, had been cured of leprosy. It is this church which the Pontiff consecrated in the fifth of the ides of November; and we celebrate the commemoration on that day, when for the first time in Rome a church was thus publicly consecrated, and where a painting of the Saviour was visible on the wall before the eyes of the Roman people."<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">W</font>hen the Lateran Church was partially ruined by fires, enemy invasions, and earthquakes, it was always rebuilt with great zeal by the Sovereign Pontiffs. In 1726, after one such restoration, Pope Benedict XIII consecrated it anew and assigned the commemoration of that event to the present day. The church was afterwards enlarged and beautified by Popes Pius IX and Leo XIII. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">November 8th, Octave of All Saints. </font> <br><br> <img src="Saint of the Day 11.08.08.jpg" style="border-style: none" ;=""><br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Octave of All Saints Weninger.html')">Octave of All Saints</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Weninger_Q_A_Veneration_Saints.html')">On the Veneration of the Saints and their Relics</a> <a href="What we must do to gain heaven.html">What must we do in order to be admitted with the Saints into Heaven?</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Means of Becoming Saints.html#Perfection')">On the Perfection of Our <br>Ordinary Actions</a> <a href="New Index of the Saints 2.html">Find your patron saint: their life history, prayers and devotions.</a> <a href="#All_Saints">Link to All Saints Day: Prayers Devotions and Readings</a> <br><br> <a href="Prayers for America_2016.html#decision">How to Make a Moral Decision</a> <a href="Prayers for America_2016.html">Prayers for the Conversion of America</a> <a href="Prayers for America_2016.html#killingconscience">The Seven Steps to Killing a Conscience</a> <a href="Prayers for America_2016.html#Abortion">The Crime of Abortion</a> <a href="Prayers for America_2016.html#Patroness">Prayer in Honor of the Immaculate Conception, Partoness of America</a> <a href="Prayers for Peace.html">Prayers for Peace</a> <a href="Prayers for America_2016.html#WAR">The Evil Scourge of War</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="November Month Sanctified.html">Twelve Months Sanctified by Prayer, November--Dedicated to the Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="#Meditations">Meditations on The Poor Souls in Purgatory for the Month of November</a> <a href="Visit the Grave_Zollner.html">Why Catholics are obligated to visit their loved ones at the cemetery</a> <br><br> <a href="Joyful.html">Joyful Mysteries</a> <a href="Sorrowful.html">Sorrowful Mysteries</a> <a href="Glorious.html">Glorious Mysteries</a> <a href="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the <br>Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">Sermon of St. John Chrysostom</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">T</font>he Apostles, disciples of Christ, are held to be teachers of the faithful; the valiant Confessors give battle, the heroic martyrs triumph, and Christian hosts, armed by God, always prevail over the devil. All these have been men, alike in valor, unlike in their strife, glorious in their victory. Hence, O Christian, you are but a faint-hearted soldier if you think you can conquer without a battle, triumph without a struggle. Use your strength, fight manfully, wage a fierce battle. Remember your covenant, consider your situation, study your battlefield. You have pledged yourself to a contract, you have taken up a responsibility, you have enlisted in an army.<br><br> <br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">Four Holy Crowned Martyrs</font><br><br><br> <img src="Four Crowned Martyrs_2018.jpg"> <br><br> <i>These four brothers, Severus, Severian, Carpophorus, and Victorinus are so called because they suffered martyrdom together for the Faith in 304.</i> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">G</font>rant, we beseech thee, Almighty God: that we, who acknowledge the boldness of the glorious Martyrs in their confession, may enjoy their loving intercession with Thee. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">November 7th, Within the Octave of All Saints</font> <br><br> <a href="What we must do to gain heaven.html">What must we do in order to be admitted with the Saints into Heaven?</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Means of Becoming Saints.html')">How to become a Saint</a> <a href="Eighth.html">The 8th Commandment</a> <br><br> <a href="Prayers for America_2016.html#decision">How to Make a Moral Decision</a> <a href="Prayers for America_2016.html">Prayers for the Conversion of America</a> <a href="Prayers for America_2016.html#killingconscience">The Seven Steps to Killing a Conscience</a> <a href="Prayers for America_2016.html#Abortion">The Crime of Abortion</a> <a href="Prayers for America_2016.html#Patroness">Prayer in Honor of the Immaculate Conception, Partoness of America</a> <a href="Prayers for Peace.html">Prayers for Peace</a> <a href="Prayers for America_2016.html#WAR">The Evil Scourge of War</a> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Matters of Faith Profession of Faith.html')">Are we bound to profess our Catholic Faith openly?</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Final Perseverance.html')">Final Perseverance by St. Bonaventure</a> <a href="New Index of the Saints 2.html">Find your patron saint: their life history, prayers and devotions.</a> <a href="#All_Saints">Link to All Saints Day: Prayers Devotions and Readings</a> <a href="Catholic Worship.html">Catholic Worship, Explained</a> <a href="November Month Sanctified.html">Twelve Months Sanctified by Prayer, November--Dedicated to the Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Visit the Grave_Zollner.html">Why Catholics are obligated to visit their loved ones at the cemetery</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="Joyful.html">Joyful Mysteries</a> <a href="Sorrowful.html">Sorrowful Mysteries</a> <a href="Glorious.html">Glorious Mysteries</a> <a href="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the <br>Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">A</font>lmighty and everlasting God, by Thy mercy we pay honor to the merits of all Thy saints on this single feast day; and since so many are pleading for us, grant us, we beseech Thee, the fullness of Thy mercy, for which we long. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen. <br><br> <i> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <A NAME="Refresh_23rd_Sunday"style="border-style: none"/></a> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">November 5th,<br> 23rd Sunday After Pentecost</font><br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Twenty-Third Sunday After Pentecost.html')">23rd Sunday After Pentecost</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Twentythird Sunday After Pentecost_Gospel.html')">Twenty-third Sunday After Pentecost: Epistle and Gospel</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon 23rd Sunday After Pentecost.html')">Children's Sermon for the 23rd Sunday After Pentecost</a> <a href="What we must do to gain heaven.html">What must we do in order to be admitted with the Saints into Heaven?</a> <a href="Death.html">Death: Salvation and Your Choice</a> <a href="The Little Number of Those Who Are Saved.html">The fewness of those saved. Will you be one of them?</a> <a href="Hound of Heaven.html">The Hound of Heaven <br>by Francis Thompson--<br>A Scriptural Interpretation <br>of the Poem</a> <br><br> <a href="Goffine_Mass_Parts.html">A Devout Guide to follow the Tridentine Latin Mass of Pope St. Pius V. Recommended for Those Who Cannot Attend Mass in Person. 23rd Sunday After Pentecost.</a> <a href="The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass.html">The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, Fr. O' Keeffe, 1891</a> <a href="Quo Primum.html">Papal Bull: Quo Primum, the Tridentine Mass for all Times</a> <a href="Why the Latin Mass.html">Why the Mass is in Latin</a> <a href="Catholic Worship.html">Catholic Worship, Explained</a> <a href="Mass at Home.html">Manner of Hearing Mass At Home: For those who on account of sickness, old age, or for other proper reasons cannot assist at holy Mass, especially on Sundays and Holidays</a> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">November 5th, Commemoration of <br> the Holy Relics within the Octave of All Saints.</font> <br><br> <img src="11.05.09.jpg"> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Imitations of the Saints_2020.html')">Two Short Sermons on the Imitation of the Saints and Heaven</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Feast of the Holy Relics.html')"> Feast of the Holy Relics</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Weninger_Q_A_Veneration_Saints.html')">On the Veneration of the Saints and their Relics</a> <a href="Honor and Invocation of the Saints Muller.html">Honor and Invocation of the Saints</a> <a href="Veneration of the Saints.html">Veneration of the Saints</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Finding of St. Stephen.html')">Finding of the Relics of St. Stephen</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Instructions_Finding_of_Holy_Cross.html')">Instructions on the Festival of the Finding of the Holy Cross</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Means of Becoming Saints.html')">How to become a Saint</a> <br><br> <i>During the Octave of All Saints, the following links are Beneficial for Instruction and Devotion.</i> <br><br> <a href="All Saints Prayers.html">Feast of All Saints: <br>Prayers and Devotions</a> <a href="Feast of All Saints New Weninger Part 1.html">Feast of All Saints: Part 1</a> <a href="Feast of All Saints New Weninger Part 2.html">Feast of All Saints: Part 2</a> <a href="Feast of All Saints New Weninger Part 3.html">Feast of All Saints: Part 3</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('All Saints_Gospel.html')">Instructions for the <br>Feast of All Saints<br></a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon All Saints.html')">Children's Sermon on <br>the Feast of All Saints<br></a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</a> <a href="Invocation of the saints.html">The Church Triumphant</a> <a href="Litany of the Saints.html">Litany of the Saints</a> <a href="Communion of Saints.html">Communion of Saints</a> <a href="Heaven.html">Heaven</a> <a href="New Index of the Saints 2.html">Complete Index of the Lives of the Saints and their feast days</a> <br><br> <a href="http://catholicharboroffaithandmorals.com/Videos3.html">Video: Te Deum</a> <a href="November Month Sanctified.html">Twelve Months Sanctified by Prayer, November--Dedicated to the Souls in Purgatory</a> <br><br> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Visit the Grave_Zollner.html">Why Catholics are obligated to visit their loved ones at the cemetery</a> <a href="Catholic Funeral.html">Catholic Burial of the Dead</a> <br><br> <a href="The Providence of God and Why He Permits Evil.html">The Providence of God and why He permits evil</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">Commemoration of the Holy Relics</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">L</font>ord, who workest miracles by the relics of Thy saints, increase our faith in the resurrection, and give us fellowship with them in that undying glory of which their reverend ashes are a pledge: through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">I</font>t is one of the nobler traits of man's nature, that he treats with love and respect the earthly remains of departed friends. Decently and solemnly he buries the dead body, he demands inviolability for the place of burial, and over the last resting place he erects a monument to perpetuate the memory of the dear departed. And this feeling of piety extends even to the articles of dress, and to the books and playthings, once used by the dead. How often do we not hear people say: "I should not mind the loss so much, if the ring or brooch had not been a keepsake from my mother." Who of us does not treasure up some article, possibly insignificant in itself, yet redolent with sweet memories of some dear one now in heaven.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>his pious feeling is the natural basis of what Catholics practice in the veneration of relics. For relics, in the sense of the Church, are the earthly remains of the bodies of saints, and in a wider sense, also the articles of wear and the instruments of martyrdom, and whatever has come in immediate contact with the bodies of saints, alive or dead.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>he Church holds that the relics of saints are worthy of Christian veneration, because they are the parts of the bodies that shall one day be irradiated with the light of glory, in the heavenly home, shining as stars, throughout the ages of eternity.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">A</font>lmighty God has on innumerable occasions shown by miracles and wonders that this veneration of relics, is most pleasing to Him. The Holy Scriptures, both of the Old and New Testaments, contain not a few signal instances of miraculous effects produced by the use of sacred relics. The Book of Ecclesiasticus says of the prophet, Eliseus: "In his life he did great wonders, and in death he wrought miracles." (c. 48). One of this latter is recorded in Kings IV. c. 13: "And Eliseus died, and they buried him. And the rovers from Moab came into the land the same year. And some that were burying a man saw the rovers and cast the body into the sepulchre of Eliseus. And when it touched the bones of Eliseus the man came to life and stood upon his feet." Thus the relics of Eliseus were honored by God. In like manner the sick, and infirm and the possessed were healed by the hem of Christ's garment, by the shadow of St. Peter, by the handkerchief of St. Paul, as the Scripture tells us.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">G</font>uided by these and similar facts and testimonies the Church has always honored the relics of the saints. The Fifth Council of Carthage ordains that no altar shall be consecrated, unless it contains some sacred relics. Hence every altar, on which mass is celebrated, has an altarstone, which contains the necessary relics of the saints. Now, it is in honor of these very relics preserved in every Church, that the Feast of the Holy Relics has been instituted.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">I</font>n honoring these relics, however, our thoughts are chiefly inclined to the living saints of God themselves, those heroes of faith and constancy, who once, in these fragile bodies carried the Spirit of Holiness and Truth. The pious touch and kiss of these earthly remains of sainted ones, and the fervent prayer, and child-like confidence in their presence, bring those saints in spirit to our side, and our thoughts and aspirations to their home above. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">November 4th, St. Charles Borromeo, Bishop and Confessor. First Friday</font><br><br> <img src="Saint of the Day 11.04.08.jpg"> <br><br> <a href="Sacred Heart Enthronement.html">The Enthronement of the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <a href="http://catholicharboroffaithandmorals.com/Devotions%20to%20the%20Sacred%20Heart.html#Sacred%20Heart">First Friday Devotions</a> <a href="Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus.html">Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Imitations of the Saints_2020.html')">Two Short Sermons on the Imitation of the Saints and Heaven</a> <a href="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html">St. Charles Borromeo, Bishop and Confessor</a> <a href="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</a> <a href="St. Charles Borromeo Book.html">St. Charles Borromeo Book, A Sketch of the Reforming Cardinal</a> <i>Part II. in a series of sermons by St. Alphonsus Liguori regarding the betrayal of Jesus and the Catholic Faithful by Sinful Priests</i> <br><br> <a href="Incontinence of Priest.html"> <font style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);" size="1.5">                  Newly Added</font><br> Part II. The Incontinent Priest and Sacrilegious Mass</a> <a href="Grievousness and Chastisement Priest.html"> <font style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);" size="1.5">                  Newly Added</font><br> Part I. Grievousness and Chastisement of Sin in a Priest</a> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Bearing False Witness.html')">On Bearing False Witness Against Thy Neighbor and On Avoiding All Manner of Lies</a> <br><br> <a href="#AllSaints">Links for Prayers and Devotions during the Octave of All Saints</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">St. Charles Borromeo, Bishop and Confessor</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">O</font> Lord, keep Thy Church, we beseech Thee, under the continual protection of St. Charles, Thy Confessor and Bishop: that as his watchful care over his flock won him glory, so his intercession may always make us fervent in Thy love. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Charles Borromeo was born in 1538 in the castle of Arona on the borders of Lake Major, fourteen miles from Milan. He was the son of Count Gilbert Borromeo, a descendant of one of the most ancient families of Lombardy, very famous for its great men. The Count was known for his almsgiving and his rigorous fasts; it was his custom never to eat a meal without first giving alms. The Countess, Charles' mother, was also exceptionally virtuous. Their family was composed of two sons and four daughters, all of whom manifested in their lives the splendor of their Christian heritage. Their maternal uncle, John Angelus of Medici, became Pope Pius IV. Charles was clearly destined for the ecclesiastical vocation; all his preferences in study made it clear.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">W</font>hen he was twelve years old, a paternal uncle willed to him an abbey in commendam; and the child constantly reminded his father that this revenue was the patrimony of the poor. His father wept for joy, seeing his son's solicitude for the just application of his trust.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">C</font>ount Gilbert died when Charles was twenty years old, and he was obliged to come home from Pavia where he had been studying law; he returned there, however, to complete his doctorate at the university after settling his affairs. One year later, when his maternal uncle became Pope Pius IV, he created Charles cardinal, and after another year nominated him Archbishop of Milan. The Pontiff detained him in Rome, however, seeing his extensive capacities and adding to these offices other administrative duties which ordinarily require the prudence of mature years. No one was disappointed in his services, despite the fact he was maintaining delicate papal relations with other nations, as protector of Portugal and the Low Countries, and was at the head of the Knights of Malta, the Orders of Carmel and Saint Francis, among other duties.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">W</font>hen the Council of Trent (1545-1563) was nearing its conclusion, Saint Charles, who had participated with authority in many of its twenty-five sessions, desired to leave Rome to attend to his diocese of Milan, a duty which his vicar general had carried out until that time. The urgency of the situation there persuaded the Pope to consent regretfully to his departure. Saint Charles intended to put into execution the reforming decrees of the Council, create seminaries and schools and in general restore discipline in the Church of Milan.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">A</font>s Archbishop of Milan he enforced the observance of the decrees, and thoroughly restored the discipline of his see. Criticism hounded him there, but left him unmoved; he kept with him in his episcopal household of about one hundred persons, a certain priest who delighted in finding fault with whatever he did; he treated him with great consideration, and in his will left him a pension for life. He was very severe with himself, eating only once a day, and limiting himself often to bread and water. When someone suggested he should have a garden at Milan to get some fresh air, he replied that the Holy Scriptures should be the garden of a bishop.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>he sermons of Saint Charles produced great fruits among all ranks of the people. When young he had manifested a speech defect with a tendency to speak too fast, but he overcame these handicaps with many efforts. A man who admired him said that he always forgot the orator himself when he preached, so transported was he by the great truths he heard explained, and the longest sermons of Saint Charles seemed short to him. Everywhere the holy Archbishop established schools of Christian doctrine, numbering in all seven hundred and forty, in which over three thousand catechists were employed, presiding over forty thousand students.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">O</font>nce Saint Charles heard a cardinal who was a bishop of a small diocese say that his diocese was too small to require his constant residence there, as canon law required; Saint Charles said to him with force that the price of one soul is such as to merit the residence and entire time of the greatest of men. He himself visited the most remote corners of his diocese, traveling in mountainous regions amid the greatest dangers, which he regarded as nothing unusual, and unworthy of mention.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">I</font>nflexible in maintaining discipline, to his flock he was a most tender father. He would sit by the roadside to teach a poor man the Pater and Ave. During the great plague which broke out in Milan, which he had foretold as a chastisement for the disorders of the Carnival, he refused to leave, asking those who remonstrated with him if it were not more perfect to remain with one's flock than to abandon them in need, and adding that a bishop is obliged to choose what is most perfect. He was ever at the side of the sick and dying. He stripped his palace of literally everything to aid those who had lost their support in their fathers and spouses, even giving away his straw mattress. As he lived, so he died, having governed his church for twenty-four years and eight months. To the heroic sanctity of this faithful copy of the Good Shepherd, many miracles came to testify, through his relics and his intercession. In 1610 he was canonized by Pope Paul V. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">November 3rd, Within the Octave of All Saints</font><br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Means%20of%20Becoming%20Saints.html')">On the Means we all have to become Saints<br><br> On the Perfection of our Ordinary Actions<br><br>On the Obligation of Christians to be Saints</a> <a href="November Month Sanctified.html">Twelve Months Sanctified by Prayer, November--Dedicated to the Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Resisting the Enemies of Our Salvation.html')">Resisting the Enemies of Our Salvation</a> <a href="The Spiritual Combat.html">The Spiritual Combat <br>by Fr. Scupoli, 1865</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Five_Minute_Sermon_Two_Masters.html')">On Serving Two Masters</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_One_Thing_Narrow_Gate.html')">Two Short Sermons: 1.) One Thing Necessary; 2.) Strive to Enter by the Narrow Gate</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Short Explanation of the Our Father.html')">Short Explanation of the Prayer: Our Father</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <br><br> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>The Most Holy Rosary</i><br> <br><br> <a href="Joyful.html">Joyful Mysteries</a> <a href="Sorrowful.html">Sorrowful Mysteries</a> <a href="Glorious.html">Glorious Mysteries</a> <a href="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the <br>Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">November 2nd, All Souls' Day</font> <br><br> <img src="11.02.09.jpg" style="border-style: none" ;=""><br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html')">Novena for the Poor Souls</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('All Souls_Gospel.html')">Instructions for the Feast of All Souls</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon All Souls.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of All Souls</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('All Souls Day.html')">Prayers and Devotions for the Faithful Departed</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('All Souls Prayers and Devotions New.html')">Prayers and Devotions for Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_All_Souls_2018.html')">Short Sermon: On the Commemoration of All Souls</a> <a href="Church suffering.html">The Church Suffering</a> <a href="Indulgences.html">Indulgences/ All Souls</a> <a href="All Souls Day Part 1.html">All Souls Day: Part 1</a> <a href="All Souls Day Part 2.html">All Souls Day: Part 2</a> <a href="All Souls Day Part 3.html">All Souls Day: Part 3</a> <a href="All Souls Day Part 4.html">All Souls Day: Part 4</a> <a href="November Month Sanctified.html">Twelve Months Sanctified by Prayer, November--Dedicated to the Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Dies Irae.html">Dies Irae (Day of Wrath) <br>by Rev. Nicholaus Gihr</a> <a href="Spiritual Works of Mercy.html">The Spiritual Works of Mercy</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Pray for the Dead_Muller_2018.html')">Spiritual Work of Mercy: <br>On Praying for the Dead</a> <a href="The Cry of the Souls_Zollner.html">The Cry of the Souls in Purgatory to us</a> <a href="Visit the Grave_Zollner.html">Three Glances at the Cemetary</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Where is Purgatory.html')">Where is Purgatory</a> <a href="Catholic Funeral.html">Catholic Burial of the Dead</a> <a href="Index for the Dying.html">Index of Prayers and <br>Devotions for the Dying</a> <br><br> <i>Related Links: Devotions that can be Applied to the Holy Souls in Purgatory</i> <br><br> <a href="Passion Clock.html">Clock of the Passion</a> <a href="The Holy Hour.html">The Holy Hour</a> <a href="Psalter Intro.html">The Psalter of Jesus</a> <a href="Stations.html">Stations of the Cross</a> <a href="Shortened Stations.html">The Short Method of the <br>Stations of the Cross</a> <a href="Seven Penitential Psalms.html">Seven Penitential Psalms</a> <br><br> <i>The Most Holy Rosary</i><br> <br><br> <a href="Joyful.html">Joyful Mysteries</a> <a href="Sorrowful.html">Sorrowful Mysteries</a> <a href="Glorious.html">Glorious Mysteries</a> <a href="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the <br>Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <br><br> <i>Related Links: Saints devoted to the Souls in Purgatory and the Scapular</i> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('http://catholicharboroffaithandmorals.com/St.%20Nicholas%20of%20Tolentino.html')">St. Nicholas of Tolentino</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('http://catholicharboroffaithandmorals.com/St.%20Gertrude%20New%20Popup.html')">St. Gertrude</a> <a href="http://catholicharboroffaithandmorals.com/Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('http://catholicharboroffaithandmorals.com/Carmel%20popup.html')">History of Our Lady <br>of Mount Carmel</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">O</font> God, the Creator and Redeemer of all the faithful, grant to the souls of Thy servants departed the remission of all their sins, that through our devout prayers, they may obtain the pardon, which they have always desired. Who livest etc. <br><br> <i> V. From the gate of hell. <br><br> R. Deliver their souls, O Lord. <br><br> V. May they rest in peace. <br><br> R. Amen <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>he Church teaches us that the souls of the just who have left this world with traces of venial sin remain for a time in a place of expiation, where they suffer whatever punishment may be due to their offenses. Even if pardon has been obtained for our sins, satisfaction must be made to God, our Creator, in this world or in the next; for His sanctity has been, as it were, insulted by the self-will of one of His ignoble creatures. The more noble the person offended, the more serious the offense, even according to human laws. It is a dogma of our faith that the suffering souls are relieved by the intercession of the Saints in heaven and by the prayers of the faithful upon earth. To pray for the dead is therefore an act of charity and of piety, certainly obligatory for a Christian who professes to have charity in his heart. We read in Holy Scripture: It is a holy and wholesome thought to pray for the dead, that they may be loosed from their sins. (II Maccabees 12:46)<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">W</font>hen towards the close of the tenth century, Our Lord inspired Saint Odilon, Abbot of Cluny, to establish in his Benedictine Order a general commemoration of all the faithful departed, the practice was soon afterwards adopted by the entire Western Church and has been continued unceasingly to our day. Let us always bear in mind the departed who have died in the love of God, and offer up our prayers and sacrifices to help expiate for them. By showing this mercy to the suffering souls in purgatory, we gain for ourselves very devoted friends, who will in their turn pray for us. We shall then be entitled to be treated with mercy at our departure from this world, and to share more abundantly in the suffrages of the Church, continually offered for all who have fallen asleep in Christ.<br><br> <i> Reflection: When we offer satisfaction to God in this life for our offenses, there is merit attached to our penances. There is no longer any merit in purgatory; others must provide. Let us reflect well that if we do not ourselves repair our sins and faults, we place our burden on others; is that what we want? </i> <br><br><hr><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">The Punishments of Purgatory</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">E</font>very punishment that God sends in this life upon sin has a double object: to satisfy His justice, and to bring about the reformation of the offenders. God always has in view the salutary effects of the punishment on him who suffers it, and, for this purpose He gives a grace to enable him to use it aright. Through the Divine mercy, the very punishment of our sins may thus promote our happiness here and our glory in Heaven. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">I</font>t is not so with the punishment of Purgatory. It is purely a poena vindicative a penalty which has for its object the reparation, as far as may be, of the outrage offered to the majesty of God by sin. It is this which gives it its character of awful severity. The sinner has no opportunity of making good use of it to learn a lesson for the future. He has not the consolation of knowing he can turn it into a source of heavenly joy. It must simply be endured as long as God shall please, and at the end will have produced no fruit of additional glory in Heaven for ourselves. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>he punishment of Purgatory, moreover, does not, for the most part, follow close on the offences of which it is the penalty. God waits, and this always means a heavier and more terrible penalty. In the days of the Flood, He waited one hundred and twenty years: so God waits to see whether the sinner will expiate in this life the sins for which temporal punishment still remains. He gives him the graces necessary, and if these are neglected, God takes into His own hands the vindication of His majesty. What reason have I to fear God's terrible wrath for my sins? Ask for the privilege of atoning for your sins in this life. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">November 1st, All Saints Day</font><br><br> <img src="11.01.09.jpg" style="border-style: none" ;=""> <br><br> <A NAME="GoffineMass"style="border-style: none"/></a> <A NAME="GoffineMassParts"style="border-style: none"/></a> <a href="Goffine_Mass_Parts.html">A Devout Guide to follow the Tridentine Latin Mass of Pope St. Pius V. Recommended for Those Who Cannot Attend Mass in Person. Christ the King</a> <a href="The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass.html">The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, Fr. 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On How to Become a Saint</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</a> <a href="Invocation of the saints.html">The Church Triumphant</a> <a href="Veneration of the Saints.html">Veneration of the Saints</a> <a href="Litany of the Saints.html">Litany of the Saints</a> <a href="Honor and Invocation of the Saints Muller.html">Honor and Invocation of the Saints</a> <a href="Communion of Saints.html">Communion of Saints</a> <a href="Heaven.html">Heaven</a> <a href="New Index of the Saints 2.html">Complete Index of the Lives of the Saints and their feast days</a> <br><br> <a href="http://catholicharboroffaithandmorals.com/Videos3.html">Video: Te Deum</a> <br><br> <a href="November Month Sanctified.html">Twelve Months Sanctified by Prayer, November--Dedicated to the Souls in Purgatory</a> <br><br> <a href="In Defence of Mary_Challoner.html">In Defence of Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary, her Perpetual Virginity, the Rosary and the Angelus Domini</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Index of Childrens Prayer.html">Children Prayers and Sermons</a> <a href="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the <br>Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('The Three Steps to Heaven.html')">The Three Steps to Heaven</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Five_Minute_Sermon_Two_Masters.html')">On Serving Two Masters</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">All Saints Day</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">A</font>lmighty and everlasting God, Who hast granted us to venerate in one solemn feast the merits of all Thy saints, we beseech Thee, that, since so many are praying for us, Thou wouldst pour forth upon us the desired abundance of Thy mercy. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen. <br><br> <i> <b><u>Antiphon:</b></u><br><br> I saw a great multitude, which no man could number, of all nations, standing before the throne. <br><br> And all the angels stood round about the throne, and they fell down before the throne upon their faces, and adored God. <br><br> O Lord God, Thou hast redeemed us in Thy blood, out of every trib e, and tongue, and people, and nation, and hast made us a kingdom to our God. <br><br> Bless ye the Lord, all His elect, keep days of joy, and give glory to Him. <br><br> A hymn to all His Saints, to the children of Israel, a people approaching to him: this glory is to all His Saints. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>he Church day by day gives special veneration to one or more of the holy men and women who have helped to establish it by their blood, develop it by their labors, or edify it by their virtues. But, in addition to those whom the Church honors by special designation or has inscribed in her calendar, how many martyrs are there whose names are not recorded! How many humble virgins and holy penitents! How many unknown anchorites and monks, Christian fathers and mothers, young children snatched away in their innocence! How many courageous Christians, whose merits are known only to God and His heavenly court!<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>hould we forget those who remember us in their intercession? Are not some among them our ancestors? members of our immediate family? our friends and fellow-Christians, with whom we have lived in daily companionship? In fact, all of Heaven is but one family--Our Lord's, as He Himself said: Who is My mother and who are My brethren? And stretching forth His hand towards His disciples, He said, Behold My mother and My brethren! For whoever does the Will of My Father in heaven, is My brother and sister and mother. Today we have the opportunity to thank God, if at other times we forget, for their aid and their love. And today we adore Him with them, for the grace which raised them to their present joy. The Church requires this homage of us, by making this day a holy day of obligation for all. Our place, too, is awaiting us in this home of eternal light, peace and love, if we persevere to the end in the fulfillment of God's holy Will.<br><br> <i> Reflection: Let us be solicitous to render ourselves worthy of that chaste generation, so beautiful amid the glory where it dwells. (Wisdom 4:1) </i> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 31st, Vigil of All Saints. Day of Fast and Partial Abstinence</font> <br><br> <img src="10.31.22.jpg" style="border-style: none" ;=""> <br><br> <a href="#vigil">Vigil of All Saints from the Liturgical Year</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="October Month Sanctified.html">Twelve Months Sanctified by Prayer, October--Dedicated to the Angels</a> <a href="October 31st.html">October Meditations Dedicated to the Holy Angels</a> <br><br> <i>During this month of October, <br>please visit the links dedicated <br>to the Rosary and Our Lady</i><br><br> <form> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <option value="Index.html">The Rosary & Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</option> <option value="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the Recitation of the Rosary</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Prayers of Our Ladyof the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</option> <option value="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</option> <option value="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</option> <option value="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</option> <option value="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</option> <option value="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</option> <option value="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Ave Maris Stella.html">Ave Maris Stella</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</option> <option value="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Ransom.html')">Our Lady of Ransom</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</option> <option value="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Annunciation Weninger.html')">Sermons of Fr. Weninger for the Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Annunciation.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of the Annunciation</option> <option value="Purification.html">The Purification of the Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('The Humility of Mary.html')">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <option value="Assumption.html">The Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Weninger Sermons.html')">Octave of the Assumption 3 Sermons by Fr.Weninger</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Assumption by St. Alphonsus.html')">The Dormition and Assumption of the B.V.M.</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Life of Mary Litany.html')"> Assumption: Additional Prayers and Devotions</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Vigil of the Assumption.html')">Vigil of the Assumption</option> <option value="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queenship of Mary popup.html')">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Octave Gueranger.html')">2nd - 4th Days within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Octave of the Immaculate Conception Weninger.html')"> Octave of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</option> <option value="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary The Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</option> <option value="Presentation of Mary.html">I. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Seven Dolors.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   I.</option> <option value="Sorrowful Mother.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   II.</option> <option value="Novena of the Seven Sorrows.html">Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Seven Dolours Sermon.html')">Our Lady of Sorrows</option> <option value="The Sweetness of the Name of Mary.html">The Sweetness of theName of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Novena in Honor of the Holy Name of Mary and Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Holy Name of Mary.html">The Holy Name of Mary</option> <option value="Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">The Nativity of the BlessedVirgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Novena.html')">Novena of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">The Feast of the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Novena.html')">Novena for the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Snows.html')">Our Lady of the Snows </option> <option value="Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Novena Our Lady of Mount Carmel.html">Novena to Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Feast of the Scapular.html">The Feast of the Scapular</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy House of Loretto</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Carmel popup.html')">History of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Queenship of Mary.html">The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary </option> <option value="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</option> <option value="Lourdes Novena.html">Novena in Honor of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Bernadette</option> <option value="Lourdes a History.html">In Defense of the Miracles of Lourdes, A History of Its Apparitions and Cures</option> <option value="Bernadette_Sequel.html">Inspirational Account of the Life of St. Bernadette and the Apparition of Lourdes</option> <option value="La Salette.html">Our Lady of La Salette</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</option> <option value="Mary Help of Christians.html">Mary Help of Christians</option> <option value="Our Lady of Perpetual Help.html">Perpetual Help</option> <option value="Immaculate Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary popup.html">Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="A Short Treatise on the Scapular.html">The Confraternity of Our Blessed Lady of Mount Carmel called the Scapular, 1850</option> <option value="Our Lady of Good Counsel.html">Our Lady of Good Counsel: Prayers, Litany and Book, "The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel"</option> <option value="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</option> <option value="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</option> <option value="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim and St. Anne, 1859</option> <option value="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal the Origin and History</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>Related links for the Sacrament of Penance</i> <br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="">Select from the Following:</option> <option value="Examine%20Index.html">Examination of Conscience</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On the Vice of Impurity.html#Idolatry')">The Idolatry of the Creature Due to Impurity</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Unchaste Thoughts and Desires.html')">Moral Teaching on Unchaste Thoughts and Desires and Prayers to Overcome Temptations</option> <option value="Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Sacrament of Penance</option> <option value="Confession Q and A.html">The Sacrament of Penance, All of Your Questions Answered</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Confession.html')">On the Benefits of a Good Confession</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Turning from Sin.html')">Two Short Sermons: <br>On Turning from Sin to God <br> The Sentiments of a Penitent Sinner</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Relapse into Sin popup.html')">Causes of Relapse into Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Preparation_Repentance_Confession.html')"> On the Preparation Necessary to <br>Make a Good Confession<br><br> On Motives for Repentance and Contrition <br>Necessary for a Good Confession</option> <option value="Self-Examination.html">The Necessity of Self-Examination</option> <option value="Examine 9.html">The Seven Deadly Sins, Nine Ways to Being an Accessory to Another's Sin, Sins Against the Holy Spirit</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Exposition on the Sixth Commandment.html')">The Sixth Commandment: Explained by St. Thomas Aquinas</option> <option value="Ritual%20of%20the%20Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Rite of Confession </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Thirteenth Sunday After Pentecost.html#General Confession')">General Confession</option> <option value="The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin Liguori.html">The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin<br>by St. Alphonsus Liguori</option> <option value="Contrition.html">Contrition</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment.html')">Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment</option> <option value="False Peace Sinful Conscience.html">The False Peace of a Sinful Conscience, by Fr. Hunolt, 1691-1746</option> <option value="Render Our Account.html">Render an Account of Your Life: A Must Read for Every Soul </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Sinner seeks God.html')">The Sinner will Seek God at Death</option> <option value="St. Alphonsu the number of sins.html">On the Number of Sins, by St. Aphonsus Di Liguori</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="Penitent%27s%20Prayer.html">Penitent's Consolation</option> <option value="Sin.html">The Nature of Sin</option> <option value="Folly of Sin.html">The Folly of Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Venial Sins.html')">On Not Making Light of Venial Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Multitude_of_Sins.html')">On the Multitude of Our Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Mortal Sin.html')"><br>On the Horror of Mortal Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Spiritual Murder.html')">On Spiritual Murder</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Thursday_First_Week_Lent.html')">Examination of Our Duties <br>and State of Life</option> <option value="Conscience.html">Conscience</option> <option value="Ten%20Commandments%20Index.html">Index of the Ten Commandments</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners.html')">The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners</option> <option value="The Sinners Guide.html">The Sinner's Guide <br>by Ven. Louis of Granada, O.P.</option> <option value="Childrens Confession.html">Catholic Instruction for Children for the Sacrament of Penance, 1897</option> </option></select> </form> <br><br> <A NAME="vigil"style="border-style: none"/></a> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">The Vigil of All Saints</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">M</font>ultiply Thy grace upon us, O Lord, and grant that we may be gladdened at the holy confession of those to whose glorious festival we look forward. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>he most illustrious martyrs had at Rome, from the fourth century century, their basilicas, where was celebrated each year the anniversary of their death, or rather their birth in heaven. At that time a number of Masses were prescribed without any fixed day in honor of those who had no public recognition. When later the names of saints who were not martyrs were introduced into the ecclesiastical Calendar, a more universal character was given to such Masses. It is thus that in the eighth century the Gregorian Sacramentary indicates among the common Masses without a date: The Mass in honor of All Saints. Fixed in the following century on November 1st, it became the Mass of All Saints' Day for which we are this day prepared by a vigil.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>his explains why the Mass of the vigil, as well as that of the feast, contains extracts from the Masses of the Common of Martyrs.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">L</font>et us prepare our souls for the graces heaven is about to shower upon the earth in return for its homage. Tomorrow the Church will be so overflowing with joy, that she will seem to be already in possession of eternal happiness; but today she appears in the garb of penance, confessing that she is still an exile. Let us fast and pray with her; for are not we too pilgrims and strangers in this world, where all things are fleeting and hurry on to death? Year by year, as the great solemnity comes round, it has gathered from among our former companions new saints, who bless our tears and smile upon our songs of hope. Year by year the appointed time draws nearer, when we ourselves, seated at the heavenly banquet, shall receive the homage of those who succeed us, and hold out a helping hand to draw them after us to the home of everlasting happiness. Let us learn, from this very hour, to emancipate our souls, let us keep our hearts free, in the midst of the vain solicitudes and false pleasures of a strange land: the exile has no care but his banishment, no joy but that which gives him a foretaste of his fatherland.<br><br> With these thoughts in mind, let us say with the Church the Collect of the Vigil:<br><br> <i>O Lord our God, multiply Thy grace upon us; and grant us in our holy profession to follow the joy of those, whose glorious selemnity we anticipate. Through our Lord</i> <br><br> <i>Related Links to combat the attacks of the devil:</i> <br><br> <a href="Protection of the Holy Angels Against the Devils.html">The Devils Plan to Ruin Souls and the Protection of the Holy Angels</a> <a href="GoodBadAngels.html">Good and Bad Angels</a> <a href="The Triumph of the Blessed Sacrament.html">The Triumph of the Blessed Sacrament or Exorcism of Nicola Aubry, by Fr. Michael Muller</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Exorcisms the Teachings of the Church.html')">A Short Explanation on the Rite of Exorcisms</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Resisting the Enemies of Our Salvation.html')">Resisting the Enemies of Our Salvation</a> <a href="Devils who Tempt.html">Temptations and the Devils who Tempt</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Temptations Bishop Ehrler.html')">Temptations: Why we have them</a> <a href="Exorcism.html">St. Michael/ Exorcism</a> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <A NAME="Refresh_Kingship"style="border-style: none"/></a> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 30th, Kingship of Our Lord Jesus Christ</font> <br><br> <img src="Christ the King Sidebar_new.jpg"><br><br> <a href="Christ the King Feast Day.html">Christ the King</a> <a href="Christ the King New Page.html">Devotions to Christ the King</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Christ_the_King.html')">On Our Saviour as our King and Our Priest</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Mercy and Justice.html')">The Mercy and Justice of God</a> <a href="Psalter Intro.html">The Psalster of Jesus</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Manning_Revolt_Society.html')">The Revolt of Society from God</a> <a href="Law Arthur Devine.html">Explanation of the Law of God</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Saint Pius X.html#Syllabus')">Syllabus Against Modernist Errors</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Oath Against Modernism.html')">Oath Against Modernism</a> <a href="Catechism on Modernism.html">Catechism on Modernism: A Condemnation of the Errors of Modernism by St. Piux X.</a> <a href="What is Liberalism New.html">What is Liberalism</a> <a href="Concerning Modern Errors.html"> Pope Leo XIII. Encycle Concerning Modern Errors: Socialism, Communism, Nihilism</a> <a href="Prayers for America_2016.html">Prayers for the Conversion of America</a> <br><br> <A NAME="Sunday"style="border-style: none"/></a> <a href="Goffine_Mass_Parts.html">A Devout Guide to follow the Tridentine Latin Mass of Pope St. Pius V. Recommended for Those Who Cannot Attend Mass in Person. Christ the King</a> <a href="The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass.html">The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, Fr. O' Keeffe, 1891</a> <a href="Quo Primum.html">Papal Bull: Quo Primum, the Tridentine Mass for all Times</a> <a href="Why the Latin Mass.html">Why the Mass is in Latin</a> <a href="Catholic Worship.html">Catholic Worship, Explained</a> <a href="Mass at Home.html">Manner of Hearing Mass At Home: For those who on account of sickness, old age, or for other proper reasons cannot assist at holy Mass, especially on Sundays and Holidays</a> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>During this month of October, <br>please visit the links dedicated <br>to the Rosary and Our Lady</i><br><br> <form> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <option value="Index.html">The Rosary & Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</option> <option value="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the Recitation of the Rosary</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Prayers of Our Ladyof the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</option> <option value="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</option> <option value="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</option> <option value="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</option> <option value="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</option> <option value="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</option> <option value="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Ave Maris Stella.html">Ave Maris Stella</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</option> <option value="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Ransom.html')">Our Lady of Ransom</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</option> <option value="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Annunciation Weninger.html')">Sermons of Fr. Weninger for the Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Annunciation.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of the Annunciation</option> <option value="Purification.html">The Purification of the Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('The Humility of Mary.html')">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <option value="Assumption.html">The Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Weninger Sermons.html')">Octave of the Assumption 3 Sermons by Fr.Weninger</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Assumption by St. Alphonsus.html')">The Dormition and Assumption of the B.V.M.</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Life of Mary Litany.html')"> Assumption: Additional Prayers and Devotions</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Vigil of the Assumption.html')">Vigil of the Assumption</option> <option value="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queenship of Mary popup.html')">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Octave Gueranger.html')">2nd - 4th Days within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Octave of the Immaculate Conception Weninger.html')"> Octave of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</option> <option value="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary The Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</option> <option value="Presentation of Mary.html">I. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Seven Dolors.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   I.</option> <option value="Sorrowful Mother.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   II.</option> <option value="Novena of the Seven Sorrows.html">Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Seven Dolours Sermon.html')">Our Lady of Sorrows</option> <option value="The Sweetness of the Name of Mary.html">The Sweetness of theName of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Novena in Honor of the Holy Name of Mary and Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Holy Name of Mary.html">The Holy Name of Mary</option> <option value="Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">The Nativity of the BlessedVirgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Novena.html')">Novena of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">The Feast of the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Novena.html')">Novena for the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Snows.html')">Our Lady of the Snows </option> <option value="Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Novena Our Lady of Mount Carmel.html">Novena to Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Feast of the Scapular.html">The Feast of the Scapular</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy House of Loretto</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Carmel popup.html')">History of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Queenship of Mary.html">The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary </option> <option value="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</option> <option value="Lourdes Novena.html">Novena in Honor of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Bernadette</option> <option value="Lourdes a History.html">In Defense of the Miracles of Lourdes, A History of Its Apparitions and Cures</option> <option value="Bernadette_Sequel.html">Inspirational Account of the Life of St. Bernadette and the Apparition of Lourdes</option> <option value="La Salette.html">Our Lady of La Salette</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</option> <option value="Mary Help of Christians.html">Mary Help of Christians</option> <option value="Our Lady of Perpetual Help.html">Perpetual Help</option> <option value="Immaculate Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary popup.html">Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="A Short Treatise on the Scapular.html">The Confraternity of Our Blessed Lady of Mount Carmel called the Scapular, 1850</option> <option value="Our Lady of Good Counsel.html">Our Lady of Good Counsel: Prayers, Litany and Book, "The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel"</option> <option value="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</option> <option value="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</option> <option value="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim and St. Anne, 1859</option> <option value="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal the Origin and History</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">Kingship of Our Lord Jesus Christ</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">T</font>he lamb that was slain is worthy to receive power and divinity and wisdom and strength and honour. To Him be glory and empire for ever and ever. Ps. Give to the king Thy judgement, O God; and Thy justice unto the king's son. Glory be...<br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">I</font>n his Encyclical of December 11, 1925, H.H. Pius XI denounced the great modern heresy of laicism. It refuses to recognize the rights of God and His Christ over persons and peoples and organizes the lives of individuals, families and of society itself, as though God did not exist. This laicism ruins society, because in place of the love of God and one's neighbour, it substitutes pride and egoism. It begets jealousy between individuals, hatred between classes and rivalry between nations. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>he world denies Christ because it ignores His royal prerogatives. It must be instructed on this subject. Now "a yearly feast can attain this end, more effectively than the weightiest documents issued by ecclesiastical authority." The Holy Father has instituted this new feast to be a public, social and official declaration of the royal rights of Jesus, as God the Creator, as The Word Incarnate, and as Redeemer. This feast makes these rights to be known and recognized, in a way most suitable to man and to society by the sublimest acts of religion - particularly by Holy Mass. In fact, the end of the Holy Sacrifice is the acknowledgment of God's complete dominion over us, and our complete dependence on Him. And this act is accomplished, not only on Calvary but also through the royal priesthood of Jesus which never ceases in His kingdom, which is heaven. The great reality of Christianity is not a corpse hanging from a cross, but the risen Christ reigning in all the glory of His triumph in the midst of His elect who are His conquest (Epistle). And that is why the Mass begins with the finest vision of the Apocalypse where the Lamb of God is acclaimed by angels and saints (Introit). <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>he Holy Father has expressed his wish that this feast should be celebrated towards the end of the liturgical year, on the last Sunday of October, as the consummation of all the mysteries by which Jesus has established His royal powers and nearly on the eve of All-Saints, where He already realizes them in part in being "the King of kings and the crown of All Saints" (Invitatory at Matins); until He shall be the crown of all those on earth whom He saves, especially by the Mass. It is indeed principally by the Eucharist which is both a sacrifice and a sacrament, that Christ, now in glory, assures the results of the victorious sacrifice of Calvary, by taking possession of souls through the application of the merits of His Passion (Secret) and thereby unites them as members to their head. The end of the Eucharist, says the Catechism of the Council of Trent, is "to form one sole mystic body of all the faithful" and so to draw them in the cult which Christ, king-adorer, as priest and victim, rendered in a bloody manner on the cross and now renders, in an unbloody manner, on the stone altar of our churches and on the golden altar in heaven, to Christ, king-adored, as Son of God, and to His Father to whom He offers these souls (Preface). <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 29th, Ferial Day</font><br><br> <i>As we approach the end of October, we reflect upon the importance of the Guardian Angels. Please use the below link to access all related pages for prayers devotions and sermons. </i> <br><br> <a href="#guardian">Links to the Guardian Angels During the Entire Month of October</a> <a href="October 29th.html">Meditations on the Holy Angels</a> <br><br> <a href="Immaculate%20Heart%20of%20Mary.html#OLS">Our Lady's Saturday</a> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</a> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#First Saturday">Five First Saturdays</a> <a href="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary; Fatima and the Rosary</a> <a href="Remodel_your_home.html">Remodel Your Home After Mary's Heart</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Manning_Revolt_Society.html')">The Revolt of Society from God</a> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Adultery Meditation Challoner.html')">Adultery Meditation Challoner.html</a> <a href="Sixth Commandment.html">The 6th Commandment</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Unchaste Thoughts and Desires.html')">Moral Teaching on Unchaste Thoughts and Desires</a> <a href="Folly of Impure Desires.html">Part 1 of 3 on the Vice of Lust: The Folly of Impure Desires of Sensual Pleasures</a> <a href="Incurableness of Impurity.html">Part 2 of 3 on the Vice of Lust: The Incurableness of Impurity</a> <a href="Vice of Impurity_Anger of God.html">Part 3 of 3 on the Vice of Lust: The Anger of God Against the Vice of Impurity</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>During this month of October, <br>please visit the links dedicated <br>to the Rosary and Our Lady</i><br><br> <form> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <option value="Index.html">The Rosary & Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</option> <option value="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the Recitation of the Rosary</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Prayers of Our Ladyof the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</option> <option value="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</option> <option value="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</option> <option value="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</option> <option value="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</option> <option value="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</option> <option value="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Ave Maris Stella.html">Ave Maris Stella</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</option> <option value="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Ransom.html')">Our Lady of Ransom</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</option> <option value="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Annunciation Weninger.html')">Sermons of Fr. Weninger for the Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Annunciation.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of the Annunciation</option> <option value="Purification.html">The Purification of the Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('The Humility of Mary.html')">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <option value="Assumption.html">The Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Weninger Sermons.html')">Octave of the Assumption 3 Sermons by Fr.Weninger</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Assumption by St. Alphonsus.html')">The Dormition and Assumption of the B.V.M.</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Life of Mary Litany.html')"> Assumption: Additional Prayers and Devotions</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Vigil of the Assumption.html')">Vigil of the Assumption</option> <option value="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queenship of Mary popup.html')">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Octave Gueranger.html')">2nd - 4th Days within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Octave of the Immaculate Conception Weninger.html')"> Octave of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</option> <option value="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary The Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</option> <option value="Presentation of Mary.html">I. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Seven Dolors.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   I.</option> <option value="Sorrowful Mother.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   II.</option> <option value="Novena of the Seven Sorrows.html">Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Seven Dolours Sermon.html')">Our Lady of Sorrows</option> <option value="The Sweetness of the Name of Mary.html">The Sweetness of theName of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Novena in Honor of the Holy Name of Mary and Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Holy Name of Mary.html">The Holy Name of Mary</option> <option value="Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">The Nativity of the BlessedVirgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Novena.html')">Novena of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">The Feast of the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Novena.html')">Novena for the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Snows.html')">Our Lady of the Snows </option> <option value="Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Novena Our Lady of Mount Carmel.html">Novena to Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Feast of the Scapular.html">The Feast of the Scapular</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy House of Loretto</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Carmel popup.html')">History of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Queenship of Mary.html">The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary </option> <option value="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</option> <option value="Lourdes Novena.html">Novena in Honor of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Bernadette</option> <option value="Lourdes a History.html">In Defense of the Miracles of Lourdes, A History of Its Apparitions and Cures</option> <option value="Bernadette_Sequel.html">Inspirational Account of the Life of St. Bernadette and the Apparition of Lourdes</option> <option value="La Salette.html">Our Lady of La Salette</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</option> <option value="Mary Help of Christians.html">Mary Help of Christians</option> <option value="Our Lady of Perpetual Help.html">Perpetual Help</option> <option value="Immaculate Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary popup.html">Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="A Short Treatise on the Scapular.html">The Confraternity of Our Blessed Lady of Mount Carmel called the Scapular, 1850</option> <option value="Our Lady of Good Counsel.html">Our Lady of Good Counsel: Prayers, Litany and Book, "The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel"</option> <option value="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</option> <option value="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</option> <option value="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim and St. Anne, 1859</option> <option value="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal the Origin and History</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>Related links for the Sacrament of Penance</i> <br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="">Select from the Following:</option> <option value="Examine%20Index.html">Examination of Conscience</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On the Vice of Impurity.html#Idolatry')">The Idolatry of the Creature Due to Impurity</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Unchaste Thoughts and Desires.html')">Moral Teaching on Unchaste Thoughts and Desires and Prayers to Overcome Temptations</option> <option value="Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Sacrament of Penance</option> <option value="Confession Q and A.html">The Sacrament of Penance, All of Your Questions Answered</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Confession.html')">On the Benefits of a Good Confession</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Turning from Sin.html')">Two Short Sermons: <br>On Turning from Sin to God <br> The Sentiments of a Penitent Sinner</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Relapse into Sin popup.html')">Causes of Relapse into Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Preparation_Repentance_Confession.html')"> On the Preparation Necessary to <br>Make a Good Confession<br><br> On Motives for Repentance and Contrition <br>Necessary for a Good Confession</option> <option value="Self-Examination.html">The Necessity of Self-Examination</option> <option value="Examine 9.html">The Seven Deadly Sins, Nine Ways to Being an Accessory to Another's Sin, Sins Against the Holy Spirit</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Exposition on the Sixth Commandment.html')">The Sixth Commandment: Explained by St. Thomas Aquinas</option> <option value="Ritual%20of%20the%20Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Rite of Confession </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Thirteenth Sunday After Pentecost.html#General Confession')">General Confession</option> <option value="The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin Liguori.html">The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin<br>by St. Alphonsus Liguori</option> <option value="Contrition.html">Contrition</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment.html')">Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment</option> <option value="False Peace Sinful Conscience.html">The False Peace of a Sinful Conscience, by Fr. Hunolt, 1691-1746</option> <option value="Render Our Account.html">Render an Account of Your Life: A Must Read for Every Soul </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Sinner seeks God.html')">The Sinner will Seek God at Death</option> <option value="St. Alphonsu the number of sins.html">On the Number of Sins, by St. Aphonsus Di Liguori</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="Penitent%27s%20Prayer.html">Penitent's Consolation</option> <option value="Sin.html">The Nature of Sin</option> <option value="Folly of Sin.html">The Folly of Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Venial Sins.html')">On Not Making Light of Venial Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Multitude_of_Sins.html')">On the Multitude of Our Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Mortal Sin.html')"><br>On the Horror of Mortal Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Spiritual Murder.html')">On Spiritual Murder</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Thursday_First_Week_Lent.html')">Examination of Our Duties <br>and State of Life</option> <option value="Conscience.html">Conscience</option> <option value="Ten%20Commandments%20Index.html">Index of the Ten Commandments</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners.html')">The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners</option> <option value="The Sinners Guide.html">The Sinner's Guide <br>by Ven. Louis of Granada, O.P.</option> <option value="Childrens Confession.html">Catholic Instruction for Children for the Sacrament of Penance, 1897</option> </option></select> </form> <br><br> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 28th, Sts. Simon and Jude, Apostles</font><br><br> <img src="10.28.08A.jpg" style="border-style: none" ;=""><br><br> <img src="10.28.08B.jpg" style="border-style: none" ;=""> <br><br> <a href="Sacred Heart Enthronement.html">The Enthronement of the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <a href="Devotions to the Sacred Heart.html#Reparation">Act of Reparation to the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <a href="Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus.html">Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Life of St. Jude.html')">Life of St. Jude Thadeus, <br>the Forgotten Saint</a> <a href="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Sts. Simon and Jude.html')">Sts. Simon and Jude</a> <a href="St. Jude Epistle.html">The Epistle of St. Jude<br>with Catholic Exposition <br>by Rev. John MacEvilly, 1891</a> <a href="St. Jude Thaddeus Helper.html">St. Jude, Helper in Desparate Cases and St. Rita, Advocate of the Impossible--History Prayers and Devotions</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('How to Obtain Answers to Our Prayers.html')">How to Obtain Answers <br>to Our Prayers</a> <a href="The Labor of the Apostles Book.html">The Labor of the Apostles: <br>Their Teaching of the Nations</a> <a href="Labor of the Apostles.html">The Lives of the 12 Apostles and St. Paul: The Apostles Creed</a> <a href="Tissot Illustrated Bible V1 Part2.html">Vol. 1, Part 2: The Ministry of Jesus Christ from the Latin Vulgate, as Illustrated by Catholic Artist and Historian, James Tissot, 1899</a> <a href="Tissot Illustrated Bible V2.html">Vol. 2: Parables and Teachings of Jesus Christ from the Latin Vulgate, as Illustrated by Catholic Artist and Historian, James Tissot, 1899</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>During this month of October, <br>please visit the links dedicated <br>to the Rosary and Our Lady</i><br><br> <form> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <option value="Index.html">The Rosary & Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</option> <option value="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the Recitation of the Rosary</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Prayers of Our Ladyof the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</option> <option value="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</option> <option value="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</option> <option value="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</option> <option value="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</option> <option value="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</option> <option value="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Ave Maris Stella.html">Ave Maris Stella</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</option> <option value="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Ransom.html')">Our Lady of Ransom</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</option> <option value="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Annunciation Weninger.html')">Sermons of Fr. Weninger for the Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Annunciation.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of the Annunciation</option> <option value="Purification.html">The Purification of the Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('The Humility of Mary.html')">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <option value="Assumption.html">The Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Weninger Sermons.html')">Octave of the Assumption 3 Sermons by Fr.Weninger</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Assumption by St. Alphonsus.html')">The Dormition and Assumption of the B.V.M.</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Life of Mary Litany.html')"> Assumption: Additional Prayers and Devotions</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Vigil of the Assumption.html')">Vigil of the Assumption</option> <option value="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queenship of Mary popup.html')">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Octave Gueranger.html')">2nd - 4th Days within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Octave of the Immaculate Conception Weninger.html')"> Octave of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</option> <option value="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary The Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</option> <option value="Presentation of Mary.html">I. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Seven Dolors.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   I.</option> <option value="Sorrowful Mother.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   II.</option> <option value="Novena of the Seven Sorrows.html">Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Seven Dolours Sermon.html')">Our Lady of Sorrows</option> <option value="The Sweetness of the Name of Mary.html">The Sweetness of theName of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Novena in Honor of the Holy Name of Mary and Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Holy Name of Mary.html">The Holy Name of Mary</option> <option value="Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">The Nativity of the BlessedVirgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Novena.html')">Novena of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">The Feast of the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Novena.html')">Novena for the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Snows.html')">Our Lady of the Snows </option> <option value="Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Novena Our Lady of Mount Carmel.html">Novena to Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Feast of the Scapular.html">The Feast of the Scapular</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy House of Loretto</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Carmel popup.html')">History of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Queenship of Mary.html">The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary </option> <option value="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</option> <option value="Lourdes Novena.html">Novena in Honor of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Bernadette</option> <option value="Lourdes a History.html">In Defense of the Miracles of Lourdes, A History of Its Apparitions and Cures</option> <option value="Bernadette_Sequel.html">Inspirational Account of the Life of St. Bernadette and the Apparition of Lourdes</option> <option value="La Salette.html">Our Lady of La Salette</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</option> <option value="Mary Help of Christians.html">Mary Help of Christians</option> <option value="Our Lady of Perpetual Help.html">Perpetual Help</option> <option value="Immaculate Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary popup.html">Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="A Short Treatise on the Scapular.html">The Confraternity of Our Blessed Lady of Mount Carmel called the Scapular, 1850</option> <option value="Our Lady of Good Counsel.html">Our Lady of Good Counsel: Prayers, Litany and Book, "The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel"</option> <option value="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</option> <option value="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</option> <option value="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim and St. Anne, 1859</option> <option value="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal the Origin and History</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> </select> </form> <br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">Sts. Simon and Jude, Apostles</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">O</font> God, Who through Thy blessed Apostles Simon and Jude hast brought us to the knowledge of Thy name, grant that by advancing in virtue we may celebrate their everlasting glory and by celebrating their glory advance in virtue. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> R. Behold I am sending you forth like sheep in the midst of wolves, saith the Lord: Be therefore wise as serpents, and guiless as doves. <br><br> V. While you have the light, believe in the light, that you may become sons of light. <br><br> R. Take my yoke upon you, saith the Lord, and learn from me, for I am meek and humble of heart: For my yoke is easy, and my burden light. <br><br> V. And you will find rest for your souls. For my yoke is easy, and my burden light. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>imon was a simple Galilean, a brother of Jesus, as the ancients called one's close relatives--aunts, uncles, first cousins; he was one of the Saviour's four first cousins, with James the Less, Jude and Joseph, all sons of Mary, the wife of Alpheus, or Cleophas, either name being a derivative of the Aramaic Chalphai. The latter was the brother of Saint Joseph, according to tradition. All the sons of this family were raised at Nazareth near the Holy Family. (See the Gospel of Saint Matthew 13:53-58.) Simon, Jude and James were called by Our Lord to be Apostles, pillars of His Church, and Joseph the Just was His loyal disciple.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Simon the Zealot or the Zealous, was the name this Apostle bore among the twelve. He preached in Egypt, Mauritania (Spain), and Lybia, leaving behind him the fertile hills of Galilee, where he had been engaged in the healthful cultivation of the vineyards and olive gardens. He later rejoined his brother, Saint Jude, in Persia, where they labored and died together. At first they were respected by the king, for they had manifested power over two ferocious tigers who had terrorized the land. With the king, sixty thousand Persians became Christians, and churches rose over the ruins of the idolatrous temples.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">B</font>ut the ancient enemy, who never sleeps, rose up, and when the two went elsewhere the pagans commanded them to sacrifice to the sun. Both Apostles, just before that time, had seen Our Lord amid His Angels. Simon said to Jude, "One of the Angels said to me, I will take you out of the temple and bring the building down upon their heads. I answered him, Let it not be so; perhaps some of them will be converted." They prayed for mercy for the people and offered their lives to God. Saint Simon told the crowd that their gods were only demons, and ordered them to come out of the statues, which they did, revealing themselves under hideous forms. But the idolaters fell on the Apostles and massacred them, while they blessed God and prayed for their murderers.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Jude has left us a short but powerful epistle, written after the death of his brother James, bishop of Jerusalem, and addressed to the new Christians being tempted by false brethren and heretics. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 27th, Vigil of Sts. Simon and Jude</font><br><br> <img src="10.27.09.jpg" style="border-style: none" ;=""><br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Persecution of the Church.html')"> Why the World Continually Persecutes the Church</a> <a href="What Every Christian Must Do Main.html">What Can and Cannot Be Reformed in the Church. No One can Change the Doctrine of Jesus Christ, Articles of Faith, the Commandments or the Sacraments</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>During this month of October, <br>please visit the links dedicated <br>to the Rosary and Our Lady</i><br><br> <form> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <option value="Index.html">The Rosary & Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</option> <option value="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the Recitation of the Rosary</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Prayers of Our Ladyof the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</option> <option value="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</option> <option value="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</option> <option value="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</option> <option value="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</option> <option value="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</option> <option value="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Ave Maris Stella.html">Ave Maris Stella</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</option> <option value="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Ransom.html')">Our Lady of Ransom</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</option> <option value="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Annunciation Weninger.html')">Sermons of Fr. Weninger for the Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Annunciation.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of the Annunciation</option> <option value="Purification.html">The Purification of the Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('The Humility of Mary.html')">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <option value="Assumption.html">The Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Weninger Sermons.html')">Octave of the Assumption 3 Sermons by Fr.Weninger</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Assumption by St. Alphonsus.html')">The Dormition and Assumption of the B.V.M.</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Life of Mary Litany.html')"> Assumption: Additional Prayers and Devotions</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Vigil of the Assumption.html')">Vigil of the Assumption</option> <option value="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queenship of Mary popup.html')">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Octave Gueranger.html')">2nd - 4th Days within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Octave of the Immaculate Conception Weninger.html')"> Octave of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</option> <option value="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary The Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</option> <option value="Presentation of Mary.html">I. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Seven Dolors.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   I.</option> <option value="Sorrowful Mother.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   II.</option> <option value="Novena of the Seven Sorrows.html">Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Seven Dolours Sermon.html')">Our Lady of Sorrows</option> <option value="The Sweetness of the Name of Mary.html">The Sweetness of theName of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Novena in Honor of the Holy Name of Mary and Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Holy Name of Mary.html">The Holy Name of Mary</option> <option value="Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">The Nativity of the BlessedVirgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Novena.html')">Novena of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">The Feast of the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Novena.html')">Novena for the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Snows.html')">Our Lady of the Snows </option> <option value="Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Novena Our Lady of Mount Carmel.html">Novena to Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Feast of the Scapular.html">The Feast of the Scapular</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy House of Loretto</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Carmel popup.html')">History of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Queenship of Mary.html">The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary </option> <option value="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</option> <option value="Lourdes Novena.html">Novena in Honor of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Bernadette</option> <option value="Lourdes a History.html">In Defense of the Miracles of Lourdes, A History of Its Apparitions and Cures</option> <option value="Bernadette_Sequel.html">Inspirational Account of the Life of St. Bernadette and the Apparition of Lourdes</option> <option value="La Salette.html">Our Lady of La Salette</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</option> <option value="Mary Help of Christians.html">Mary Help of Christians</option> <option value="Our Lady of Perpetual Help.html">Perpetual Help</option> <option value="Immaculate Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary popup.html">Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="A Short Treatise on the Scapular.html">The Confraternity of Our Blessed Lady of Mount Carmel called the Scapular, 1850</option> <option value="Our Lady of Good Counsel.html">Our Lady of Good Counsel: Prayers, Litany and Book, "The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel"</option> <option value="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</option> <option value="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</option> <option value="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim and St. Anne, 1859</option> <option value="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal the Origin and History</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> </select> </form> <br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">Vigil of Sts. Simon and Jude</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">G</font>rant, we beseech Thee, O almighty God, that as we approach the glorious festival of the Apostles Simon and Jude, so may they approach Thy divine majesty in our behalf. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>imon, whom St. Matthew calls the Cananean to distinguish him for St. Peter who bore the same name, was born at Cana in Galilee. St. Luke calls him Zelotes, because he had probably belonged to the Jewish party, thus called for its zeal in defending the faith.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">J</font>ude, surnamed Thaddeus or Lebbe (the courageous) was by Cleophas his father and Mary his mother, a nephew to St. Joseph and the Blessed Virgin and cousin to Jesus. St. James, the Less, first bishop of Jerusalem and the first apostle martyred, and Simeon who succeeded him in this see, were his brothers.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>hese apostles of Christ heard from the lips of the Master at the Last Supper the words of the Gospel: I am the vine, you are the branches. Every branch which bears fruit, My Father shall prune in order that it should bear more. After having preached the Gospel at the price of great sufferings, the first in Egypt, the second in Mesopotamia, they were both martyred in Persia. Wherefore their feasts are celebrated on the same day in the same office and their names are mentioned jointly in the Canon of the Mass. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 26th, St. Evaristus Pope and Martyr. </font><br><br> <img src="10.26.09.jpg" style="border-style: none" ;=""> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('martyrsofcoliseum_book.html')"> Catholic Book: The Marytrs of the Coliseum</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Matters of Faith Profession of Faith.html')">Are we bound to profess our Catholic Faith openly?</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Does Satan Exist.html')">Does Satan Exist?</a></li> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Resisting the Enemies of Our Salvation.html')">Resisting the Enemies of Our Salvation</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>During this month of October, <br>please visit the links dedicated <br>to the Rosary and Our Lady</i><br><br> <form> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <option value="Index.html">The Rosary & Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</option> <option value="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the Recitation of the Rosary</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Prayers of Our Ladyof the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</option> <option value="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</option> <option value="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</option> <option value="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</option> <option value="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</option> <option value="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</option> <option value="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Ave Maris Stella.html">Ave Maris Stella</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</option> <option value="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Ransom.html')">Our Lady of Ransom</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</option> <option value="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Annunciation Weninger.html')">Sermons of Fr. Weninger for the Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Annunciation.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of the Annunciation</option> <option value="Purification.html">The Purification of the Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('The Humility of Mary.html')">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <option value="Assumption.html">The Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Weninger Sermons.html')">Octave of the Assumption 3 Sermons by Fr.Weninger</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Assumption by St. Alphonsus.html')">The Dormition and Assumption of the B.V.M.</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Life of Mary Litany.html')"> Assumption: Additional Prayers and Devotions</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Vigil of the Assumption.html')">Vigil of the Assumption</option> <option value="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queenship of Mary popup.html')">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Octave Gueranger.html')">2nd - 4th Days within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Octave of the Immaculate Conception Weninger.html')"> Octave of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</option> <option value="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary The Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</option> <option value="Presentation of Mary.html">I. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Seven Dolors.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   I.</option> <option value="Sorrowful Mother.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   II.</option> <option value="Novena of the Seven Sorrows.html">Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Seven Dolours Sermon.html')">Our Lady of Sorrows</option> <option value="The Sweetness of the Name of Mary.html">The Sweetness of theName of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Novena in Honor of the Holy Name of Mary and Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Holy Name of Mary.html">The Holy Name of Mary</option> <option value="Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">The Nativity of the BlessedVirgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Novena.html')">Novena of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">The Feast of the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Novena.html')">Novena for the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Snows.html')">Our Lady of the Snows </option> <option value="Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Novena Our Lady of Mount Carmel.html">Novena to Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Feast of the Scapular.html">The Feast of the Scapular</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy House of Loretto</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Carmel popup.html')">History of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Queenship of Mary.html">The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary </option> <option value="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</option> <option value="Lourdes Novena.html">Novena in Honor of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Bernadette</option> <option value="Lourdes a History.html">In Defense of the Miracles of Lourdes, A History of Its Apparitions and Cures</option> <option value="Bernadette_Sequel.html">Inspirational Account of the Life of St. Bernadette and the Apparition of Lourdes</option> <option value="La Salette.html">Our Lady of La Salette</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</option> <option value="Mary Help of Christians.html">Mary Help of Christians</option> <option value="Our Lady of Perpetual Help.html">Perpetual Help</option> <option value="Immaculate Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary popup.html">Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="A Short Treatise on the Scapular.html">The Confraternity of Our Blessed Lady of Mount Carmel called the Scapular, 1850</option> <option value="Our Lady of Good Counsel.html">Our Lady of Good Counsel: Prayers, Litany and Book, "The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel"</option> <option value="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</option> <option value="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</option> <option value="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim and St. Anne, 1859</option> <option value="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal the Origin and History</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> </select> </form> <br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">St. Evaristus Pope and Martyr</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">O</font> eternal Shepherd, watch over the peace of Thy flock, and through blessed Evaristus, Thy Martyr and Sovereign Pontiff, whom Thou didst appoint shepherd over the whole Church, keep her under Thy constant protection. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Evaristus succeeded Saint Anacletus on the throne of Saint Peter, elected during the second general persecution, under the reign of Domitian. That emperor no doubt did not know that the Christian pontificate was being perpetuated in the shadows of the catacombs. The text of the Liber Pontificalis, says of the new pope:<br><br> "<font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">E</font>varistus, born in Greece of a Jewish father named Juda, originally from the city of Bethlehem, reigned for thirteen years, six months and two days, under the reigns of Domitian, Nerva and Trajan, from the Consulate of Valens and Veter (96) until that of Gallus and Bradua (108). This pontiff divided among the priests the titles of the city of Rome. By a constitution he established seven deacons who were to assist the bishop and serve as authentic witnesses for him. During the three ordinations which he conducted in the month of December, he promoted six priests, two deacons and five bishops, destined for various churches. Evaristus received the crown of martyrdom. He was buried near the body of Blessed Peter in the Vatican, on the sixth day of the Calends of November (October 25, 108). The episcopal throne remained vacant for nineteen days."<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>he Bollandists explain two passages of this text as follows: Saint Anacletus had ordained twenty-five priests for the city of Rome; Saint Evaristus completed this institution by settling the boundaries of each of these titles, and filling the vacancies which probably occurred during the persecution of Diocletian. As for the decree by which he ordains that seven deacons make up the cortege of the bishop, we find in the first epistle of Saint Anacletus a text which helps us to grasp and better perceive the discipline of the early Church. There existed amid the diverse elements which composed it in its first years, proud minds, envious souls, ambitious hearts which could not bear the yoke of obedience, and who by their revolts and incessant detraction fatigued the patience of the Apostles. The deacons were to be the Pope's guards against their ill-intentioned projects.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">I</font>t was at the same time as Saint Ignatius, the illustrious bishop of Antioch, that Pope Saint Evaristus gave his life by martyrdom. The acts of his martyrdom are lost, but we perceive that the same faith, heroism and devotion united the churches of the East and of the West. He is often represented with a sword because he was decapitated, or with a crib, because it is believed that he was born in Bethlehem, from which his father migrated. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 25th, Sts. Chrysanthus and Daria, Martyrs</font><br><br> <img src="10.25.11.jpg"><br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Chrysanthus and St. Daria.html')">Ss. Chrysanthus and Daria, Martyrs</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('The Virtue of Chastity.html')"> Prayers for the Preservation of Chastity. An Explanation and Defense of the Virtue of Chastity</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Unchaste Thoughts and Desires.html')">Moral Teaching on Unchaste Thoughts and Desires</a> <a href="Folly of Impure Desires.html">The Folly of Impure Desires of Sensual Pleasures</a> <a href="False Peace Sinful Conscience.html">The False Peace of a Sinful Conscience, by Fr. Hunolt, 1691-1746</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Sermon Mortification.html')">The Necessity of Mortification</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>During this month of October, <br>please visit the links dedicated <br>to the Rosary and Our Lady</i><br><br> <form> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <option value="Index.html">The Rosary & Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</option> <option value="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the Recitation of the Rosary</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Prayers of Our Ladyof the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</option> <option value="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</option> <option value="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</option> <option value="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</option> <option value="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</option> <option value="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</option> <option value="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Ave Maris Stella.html">Ave Maris Stella</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</option> <option value="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Ransom.html')">Our Lady of Ransom</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</option> <option value="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Annunciation Weninger.html')">Sermons of Fr. Weninger for the Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Annunciation.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of the Annunciation</option> <option value="Purification.html">The Purification of the Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('The Humility of Mary.html')">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <option value="Assumption.html">The Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Weninger Sermons.html')">Octave of the Assumption 3 Sermons by Fr.Weninger</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Assumption by St. Alphonsus.html')">The Dormition and Assumption of the B.V.M.</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Life of Mary Litany.html')"> Assumption: Additional Prayers and Devotions</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Vigil of the Assumption.html')">Vigil of the Assumption</option> <option value="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queenship of Mary popup.html')">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Octave Gueranger.html')">2nd - 4th Days within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Octave of the Immaculate Conception Weninger.html')"> Octave of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</option> <option value="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary The Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</option> <option value="Presentation of Mary.html">I. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Seven Dolors.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   I.</option> <option value="Sorrowful Mother.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   II.</option> <option value="Novena of the Seven Sorrows.html">Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Seven Dolours Sermon.html')">Our Lady of Sorrows</option> <option value="The Sweetness of the Name of Mary.html">The Sweetness of theName of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Novena in Honor of the Holy Name of Mary and Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Holy Name of Mary.html">The Holy Name of Mary</option> <option value="Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">The Nativity of the BlessedVirgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Novena.html')">Novena of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">The Feast of the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Novena.html')">Novena for the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Snows.html')">Our Lady of the Snows </option> <option value="Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Novena Our Lady of Mount Carmel.html">Novena to Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Feast of the Scapular.html">The Feast of the Scapular</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy House of Loretto</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Carmel popup.html')">History of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Queenship of Mary.html">The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary </option> <option value="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</option> <option value="Lourdes Novena.html">Novena in Honor of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Bernadette</option> <option value="Lourdes a History.html">In Defense of the Miracles of Lourdes, A History of Its Apparitions and Cures</option> <option value="Bernadette_Sequel.html">Inspirational Account of the Life of St. Bernadette and the Apparition of Lourdes</option> <option value="La Salette.html">Our Lady of La Salette</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</option> <option value="Mary Help of Christians.html">Mary Help of Christians</option> <option value="Our Lady of Perpetual Help.html">Perpetual Help</option> <option value="Immaculate Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary popup.html">Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="A Short Treatise on the Scapular.html">The Confraternity of Our Blessed Lady of Mount Carmel called the Scapular, 1850</option> <option value="Our Lady of Good Counsel.html">Our Lady of Good Counsel: Prayers, Litany and Book, "The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel"</option> <option value="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</option> <option value="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</option> <option value="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim and St. Anne, 1859</option> <option value="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal the Origin and History</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> </select> </form> <br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">Sts. Chrysanthus and Daria, Martyrs</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">M</font>ay the prayers of Thy Blessed Martyrs, Chrysanthus and Daria be with us, we beseech Thee, O Lord, and may we who honor them by this service continually enjoy their loving help. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">C</font>hrysanthus was the son of a Roman senator, born in Egypt. While still young he went with his father to Rome, where his superior intelligence was quickly appreciated. Convinced of the vanity of idol-worship, he undertook every means at his disposition to learn the truth and deliver his soul from the doubts afflicting him. An elderly gentlemen was pointed out to him as a sage, and Chrysanthus went to him with his questions. The old man, who was a Christian, had no difficulty in opening the eyes of the young neophyte; Chrysanthus instantly embraced the truth with ardor and became an apostle.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">H</font>is father, at first astonished, became irritated and decided to bring his son back from what he called his superstitions and errors. No means were effectual for this purpose. Thus, influenced by his associates, the father locked him in his palace and sent a courtesan to seduce his purity.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">W</font>hen the first one did not succeed, others were commissioned for the infamous task, and finally a vestal virgin, priestess of an idol regarded as the empireÃÆÃâÃâ Ã¢â¬â¢ÃÆÃ¢â¬ ÃÂ¢Ã¢âÂ¬Ã¢âÂ¢ÃÆÃâÃÂ¢Ã¢âÂ¬ÃÂ¡ÃÆÃ¢â¬Å¡ÃâÃÂ¢ÃÆÃâÃâ Ã¢â¬â¢ÃÆÃ¢â¬Å¡ÃâÃÂ¢ÃÆÃâÃâÃÂ¢ÃÆÃÂ¢ÃÂ¢Ã¢âÂ¬ÃÂ¡ÃâÃÂ¬ÃÆÃ¢â¬Â¦ÃâÃÂ¡ÃÆÃâÃÂ¢Ã¢âÂ¬ÃÂ¡ÃÆÃ¢â¬Å¡ÃâÃÂ¬ÃÆÃâÃâ Ã¢â¬â¢ÃÆÃ¢â¬Å¡ÃâÃÂ¢ÃÆÃâÃâÃÂ¢ÃÆÃÂ¢ÃÂ¢Ã¢âÂ¬ÃÂ¡ÃâÃÂ¬ÃÆÃ¢â¬Â¦ÃâÃÂ¾ÃÆÃâÃÂ¢Ã¢âÂ¬ÃÂ¡ÃÆÃ¢â¬Å¡ÃâÃÂ¢s bulwark, attempted every artifice to corrupt the young Christian. Instead, she herself became the conquest of grace. The two Christians saw themselves united by the bonds of faith, hope and charity, and determined to add to these holy chains those of a virginal marriage. This decision brought about liberty for Chrysanthus and gave him the means to continue his preaching of Christ. Many conversions among the officers of the Roman society with which he was already familiar, were the fruit of the apostolate of the young spouses, including that of the tribune Claudius, with his household and seventy soldiers.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">B</font>ut complaints began to be addressed to the prefect of Rome, who arrested the young couple. After enduring torments, Chrysanthus was shut up in the Mamertine prison, and Daria was sent to a house of ill fame. But the Lord watched over both of them as He had done over many others, and they surmounted their trials, intact and pure. To be done with them, the irritated emperor had them buried alive. It appears this torment was chosen in order to inflict on Daria the death reserved for unfaithful vestals. The principal relics of Chrysanthus and Daria are in the Abbey of Saint Avold in the diocese of Metz. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <A NAME="Refresh_Raphael"style="border-style: none"/></a> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 24th,<br> St. Raphael the Archangel</font><br><br> <img src="St. Raphael.jpg" style="border-style: none" ;=""><br><br> <a href="Raphael.html">St. Raphael, Prayer Devotions and Novena</a> <a href="St. Raphael Popup.html">St. Raphael Additional Prayers</a> <a href="Litany of the Holy Angels.html">Litany of the Holy Angels</a> <a href="Homilies_Book_of_Tobias.html">Homilies on the Book of Tobias</a> <a href="Three Archangels.html">The Three Archangels and the Guardian Angels in Art, 1899</a> <a href="October Month Sanctified.html">Twelve Months Sanctified by Prayer, October--Dedicated to the Angels</a> <a href="Liturgy and Angels.html">Angels in the Liturgy</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Guardian Angels Popup.html')">Devotions to the Guardian Angels</a> <a href="Your Guardian Angel throughout Life.html">Your Guardian Angel<br> throughout Life</a> <a href="The Spiritual Combat.html">The Spiritual Combat</a> <a href="October 24th.html">Meditations on the Holy Angels</a> <a href="GoodBadAngels.html">Good and Bad Angels</a> <a href="Guardian.html">Guardian Angels</a> <a href="Marriage Discourse Hunolt_2.html">The Disposition Necessary for a Happy Marriage</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>During this month of October, <br>please visit the links dedicated <br>to the Rosary and Our Lady</i><br><br> <form> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <option value="Index.html">The Rosary & Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</option> <option value="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the Recitation of the Rosary</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Prayers of Our Ladyof the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</option> <option value="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</option> <option value="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</option> <option value="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</option> <option value="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</option> <option value="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</option> <option value="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Ave Maris Stella.html">Ave Maris Stella</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</option> <option value="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Ransom.html')">Our Lady of Ransom</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</option> <option value="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Annunciation Weninger.html')">Sermons of Fr. Weninger for the Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Annunciation.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of the Annunciation</option> <option value="Purification.html">The Purification of the Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('The Humility of Mary.html')">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <option value="Assumption.html">The Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Weninger Sermons.html')">Octave of the Assumption 3 Sermons by Fr.Weninger</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Assumption by St. Alphonsus.html')">The Dormition and Assumption of the B.V.M.</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Life of Mary Litany.html')"> Assumption: Additional Prayers and Devotions</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Vigil of the Assumption.html')">Vigil of the Assumption</option> <option value="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queenship of Mary popup.html')">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Octave Gueranger.html')">2nd - 4th Days within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Octave of the Immaculate Conception Weninger.html')"> Octave of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</option> <option value="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary The Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</option> <option value="Presentation of Mary.html">I. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Seven Dolors.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   I.</option> <option value="Sorrowful Mother.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   II.</option> <option value="Novena of the Seven Sorrows.html">Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Seven Dolours Sermon.html')">Our Lady of Sorrows</option> <option value="The Sweetness of the Name of Mary.html">The Sweetness of theName of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Novena in Honor of the Holy Name of Mary and Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Holy Name of Mary.html">The Holy Name of Mary</option> <option value="Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">The Nativity of the BlessedVirgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Novena.html')">Novena of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">The Feast of the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Novena.html')">Novena for the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Snows.html')">Our Lady of the Snows </option> <option value="Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Novena Our Lady of Mount Carmel.html">Novena to Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Feast of the Scapular.html">The Feast of the Scapular</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy House of Loretto</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Carmel popup.html')">History of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Queenship of Mary.html">The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary </option> <option value="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</option> <option value="Lourdes Novena.html">Novena in Honor of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Bernadette</option> <option value="Lourdes a History.html">In Defense of the Miracles of Lourdes, A History of Its Apparitions and Cures</option> <option value="Bernadette_Sequel.html">Inspirational Account of the Life of St. Bernadette and the Apparition of Lourdes</option> <option value="La Salette.html">Our Lady of La Salette</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</option> <option value="Mary Help of Christians.html">Mary Help of Christians</option> <option value="Our Lady of Perpetual Help.html">Perpetual Help</option> <option value="Immaculate Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary popup.html">Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="A Short Treatise on the Scapular.html">The Confraternity of Our Blessed Lady of Mount Carmel called the Scapular, 1850</option> <option value="Our Lady of Good Counsel.html">Our Lady of Good Counsel: Prayers, Litany and Book, "The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel"</option> <option value="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</option> <option value="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</option> <option value="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim and St. Anne, 1859</option> <option value="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal the Origin and History</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">St. Raphael the Archangel</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">O</font> God, Who gave blessed Raphael the Archangel to Tobias as his traveling companion, grant to us Thy servants that we also may be guarded by his care and receive the protection of his assistance. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> Ant. The angel Raphael was sent unto Tobias and Sara, to cure them. <br><br> The angel being entered in unto Tobias, saluted him, and said: Joy be ever with thee. <br><br> Be of good cheer. Tobias: for in a short time thou shalt be healed of God. <br><br> Bless ye the God of heaven, and confess to him in sight of all the living, for he hath wrought His mercy towards you. <br><br> Peace be unto you, fear not; bless ye God, and sing unto Him. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>his holy Archangel identified himself to the exiled Jew Tobias as "one of the Seven who stand before God" (Tob. 12:15). His name means the healing of God, and he is thought to be the Angel who came down and agitated the water of the pool of Bethsaida in Jerusalem. The sick, who always lay around the pool, strove to be the first to enter the water afterwards, because that fortunate one was always cured. We read of this in the story of the paralytic cured by Jesus, who had waited patiently for thirty-eight years, unable to move when the occasion presented itself. (Cf. John 5:1-9)<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Raphael is best known through the beautiful history of the two Tobias, father and son, exiled to Persia in the days of the Assyrian conquest in the eighth century before Christ. In their story, the Archangel plays the major role.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>he father Tobias was a faithful son of Jacob and was old and worn out by his manifold good works; for many years he had assisted his fellow exiles in every possible way, even burying the slain of Israel during a persecution by Sennacherib, and continuing this practice despite the wrath that king manifested towards him. Having been stripped of all his possessions, he desired to have his son recover a substantial sum of money he had once lent to a member of his family in a distant city. He needed a companion for the young Tobias. God provided that guide in the Archangel Raphael, whom the son met providentially one day, in the person of a stranger from the very area where he was to go, in the country of the Medes. Raphael to all appearances was a young man like himself, who said his name was Azarias (Assistance of God). Everything went well, as proposed; the young Tobias recovered the sum and then was married, during their stay in Media, to the virtuous daughter of another relative, whom Providence had reserved for him.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">A</font>ll aspects of this journey had been thorny with difficulties, but the wise guide had found a way to overcome all of them. When a huge fish threatened to devour Tobias, camped on the shores of the Tigris, the guide told him how to remove it from the water, and the fish expired at his feet; then remedies and provisions were derived from this creature by the directives of Azarias. When the Angel led Tobias for lodging in the city of Rages, to the house of his kinsman Raguel, father of the beautiful Sara, the young man learned that seven proposed husbands had died on the very day of the planned marriage. How would Tobias fare? The Angel reassured him that this would not be his own fate, and told him to pray with his future spouse for three nights, that they might be blessed with a holy posterity. Sara was an only daughter, as Tobias was an only son, and she was endowed with a large heritage.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">D</font>uring the absence of the young Tobias, his father had become blind when the droppings of a pigeon had fallen into his eyes. When the two travelers returned after an extended absence, which had cost his mother many tears, the young Tobias was deeply grieved to find his father unable to see him and his new daughter-in-law. But Raphael told the son how to cure his father's blindness by means of the gall of the fish; and after the remedy had proved efficacious, all of them rejoiced time in their blessings.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">W</font>hen Tobias the son narrated his story and told his father that all their benefits had come to them through this stranger, both father and son wished to give Azarias half of the inheritance. Raphael declined and revealed his identity, saying he was sent to assist the family of the man who had never failed to obey and honor the blessed God of Israel. Raphael, before he disappeared, said to the family: "It is honorable to reveal and confess the works of God. Prayer is good, with fasting and alms, more than to lay up treasures, for alms deliver from death and purge away sins, and cause the giver to find mercy and life everlasting... When thou didst pray with tears and didst bury the dead, and didst leave thy dinner to hide the dead by day in thy house, and bury them by night, I offered thy prayer to the Lord. And because thou wast acceptable to God, it was necessary that trials prove thee . . . I am the Angel Raphael, one of the seven who stand before the Lord." <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 23rd, the 20th Sunday After Pentecost</font> <br><br> <img src="Twentieth_Sunday_Miniature.jpg"><br><br> <i>The words of the Master: "Unless you see signs and wonders, you do not believe," apply to those Catholice who judge that the supernatural revelation of our religion lacks a solid foundation and thus an intelligent and modern man cannot give credence to revealed truths. "The days are evil." Numberless sins, committed daily on earth, cry to heaven for punishment. Let us appease God by leading a good Christian life. The Holy Sacraments are the medicine to "root out all vices from our hearts.</i> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Twentieth Sunday After Pentecost.html')">20th Sunday After Pentecost<br>Sickness: an Opportunity for Merit & the Dangers of Delaying Conversion</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Twentieth Sunday After Pentecost_Gospel.html')">Twentieth Sunday After Pentecost: Instruction Concerning the Value of Time and Consolation in Sickness</a> <a href="Index for the Sick.html">Index of Prayers and <br>Devotions for the Sick</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</a> <a href="Conversion by Reverend Hayes.html"> True Conversion: One of the best sermons for hardened sinners</a> <a href="Conversion of St. Augustine.html">The Conversion of St. Augustine</a> <a href="Goffine_Mass_Parts.html">A Devout Guide to follow the Tridentine Latin Mass of Pope St. Pius V. Recommended for Those Who Cannot Attend Mass in Person. 18th Sunday After Pentecost</a> <a href="The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass.html">The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, Fr. O' Keeffe, 1891</a> <a href="Quo Primum.html">Papal Bull: Quo Primum, the Tridentine Mass for all Times</a> <a href="Why the Latin Mass.html">Why the Mass is in Latin</a> <a href="Catholic Worship.html">Catholic Worship, Explained</a> <a href="Mass at Home.html">Manner of Hearing Mass At Home: For those who on account of sickness, old age, or for other proper reasons cannot assist at holy Mass, especially on Sundays and Holidays</a> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <br><br> <i>Related links for the Sacrament of Penance</i> <br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="">Select from the Following:</option> <option value="Examine%20Index.html">Examination of Conscience</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On the Vice of Impurity.html#Idolatry')">The Idolatry of the Creature Due to Impurity</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Unchaste Thoughts and Desires.html')">Moral Teaching on Unchaste Thoughts and Desires and Prayers to Overcome Temptations</option> <option value="Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Sacrament of Penance</option> <option value="Confession Q and A.html">The Sacrament of Penance, All of Your Questions Answered</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Confession.html')">On the Benefits of a Good Confession</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Turning from Sin.html')">Two Short Sermons: <br>On Turning from Sin to God <br> The Sentiments of a Penitent Sinner</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Relapse into Sin popup.html')">Causes of Relapse into Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Preparation_Repentance_Confession.html')"> On the Preparation Necessary to <br>Make a Good Confession<br><br> On Motives for Repentance and Contrition <br>Necessary for a Good Confession</option> <option value="Self-Examination.html">The Necessity of Self-Examination</option> <option value="Examine 9.html">The Seven Deadly Sins, Nine Ways to Being an Accessory to Another's Sin, Sins Against the Holy Spirit</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Exposition on the Sixth Commandment.html')">The Sixth Commandment: Explained by St. Thomas Aquinas</option> <option value="Ritual%20of%20the%20Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Rite of Confession </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Thirteenth Sunday After Pentecost.html#General Confession')">General Confession</option> <option value="The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin Liguori.html">The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin<br>by St. Alphonsus Liguori</option> <option value="Contrition.html">Contrition</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment.html')">Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment</option> <option value="False Peace Sinful Conscience.html">The False Peace of a Sinful Conscience, by Fr. Hunolt, 1691-1746</option> <option value="Render Our Account.html">Render an Account of Your Life: A Must Read for Every Soul </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Sinner seeks God.html')">The Sinner will Seek God at Death</option> <option value="St. Alphonsu the number of sins.html">On the Number of Sins, by St. Aphonsus Di Liguori</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="Penitent%27s%20Prayer.html">Penitent's Consolation</option> <option value="Sin.html">The Nature of Sin</option> <option value="Folly of Sin.html">The Folly of Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Venial Sins.html')">On Not Making Light of Venial Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Multitude_of_Sins.html')">On the Multitude of Our Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Mortal Sin.html')"><br>On the Horror of Mortal Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Spiritual Murder.html')">On Spiritual Murder</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Thursday_First_Week_Lent.html')">Examination of Our Duties <br>and State of Life</option> <option value="Conscience.html">Conscience</option> <option value="Ten%20Commandments%20Index.html">Index of the Ten Commandments</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners.html')">The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners</option> <option value="The Sinners Guide.html">The Sinner's Guide <br>by Ven. Louis of Granada, O.P.</option> <option value="Childrens Confession.html">Catholic Instruction for Children for the Sacrament of Penance, 1897</option> </option></select> </form> <br><br> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 22nd, Ferial Day</font> <br><br> <a href="Immaculate%20Heart%20of%20Mary.html#OLS">Our Lady's Saturday</a> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</a> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#First Saturday">Five First Saturdays</a> <a href="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary; Fatima and the Rosary</a> <a href="Remodel_your_home.html">Remodel Your Home After Mary's Heart</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Manning_Revolt_Society.html')">The Revolt of Society from God</a> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Short Sermons_Time.html')">2 Short Sermons: On Time and Eternity and On the Good Employment of Time</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('time.html')">Time is No More</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('The Value of Time.html')">The Value of Time by St. Alphonsus Liguori</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <br><br> <i>Related links for the Sacrament of Penance</i> <br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="">Select from the Following:</option> <option value="Examine%20Index.html">Examination of Conscience</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On the Vice of Impurity.html#Idolatry')">The Idolatry of the Creature Due to Impurity</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Unchaste Thoughts and Desires.html')">Moral Teaching on Unchaste Thoughts and Desires and Prayers to Overcome Temptations</option> <option value="Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Sacrament of Penance</option> <option value="Confession Q and A.html">The Sacrament of Penance, All of Your Questions Answered</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Confession.html')">On the Benefits of a Good Confession</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Turning from Sin.html')">Two Short Sermons: <br>On Turning from Sin to God <br> The Sentiments of a Penitent Sinner</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Relapse into Sin popup.html')">Causes of Relapse into Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Preparation_Repentance_Confession.html')"> On the Preparation Necessary to <br>Make a Good Confession<br><br> On Motives for Repentance and Contrition <br>Necessary for a Good Confession</option> <option value="Self-Examination.html">The Necessity of Self-Examination</option> <option value="Examine 9.html">The Seven Deadly Sins, Nine Ways to Being an Accessory to Another's Sin, Sins Against the Holy Spirit</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Exposition on the Sixth Commandment.html')">The Sixth Commandment: Explained by St. Thomas Aquinas</option> <option value="Ritual%20of%20the%20Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Rite of Confession </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Thirteenth Sunday After Pentecost.html#General Confession')">General Confession</option> <option value="The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin Liguori.html">The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin<br>by St. Alphonsus Liguori</option> <option value="Contrition.html">Contrition</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment.html')">Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment</option> <option value="False Peace Sinful Conscience.html">The False Peace of a Sinful Conscience, by Fr. Hunolt, 1691-1746</option> <option value="Render Our Account.html">Render an Account of Your Life: A Must Read for Every Soul </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Sinner seeks God.html')">The Sinner will Seek God at Death</option> <option value="St. Alphonsu the number of sins.html">On the Number of Sins, by St. Aphonsus Di Liguori</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="Penitent%27s%20Prayer.html">Penitent's Consolation</option> <option value="Sin.html">The Nature of Sin</option> <option value="Folly of Sin.html">The Folly of Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Venial Sins.html')">On Not Making Light of Venial Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Multitude_of_Sins.html')">On the Multitude of Our Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Mortal Sin.html')"><br>On the Horror of Mortal Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Spiritual Murder.html')">On Spiritual Murder</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Thursday_First_Week_Lent.html')">Examination of Our Duties <br>and State of Life</option> <option value="Conscience.html">Conscience</option> <option value="Ten%20Commandments%20Index.html">Index of the Ten Commandments</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners.html')">The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners</option> <option value="The Sinners Guide.html">The Sinner's Guide <br>by Ven. Louis of Granada, O.P.</option> <option value="Childrens Confession.html">Catholic Instruction for Children for the Sacrament of Penance, 1897</option> </option></select> </form> <br><br> <i>A Prayer for Deceased Parents</i><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">O</font> God, Who hast commanded us to honor our father and our mother, in Thy mercy have pity on the souls of my father and mother, and forgive them their trespasses, and make me to see them again in the joy of everlasting brightness. Through Christ Our Lord. Amen <br><br> <i>A Prayer for the Souls in Purgatory</i><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">O</font> most gentle Heart of Jesus, ever present in the Blessed Sacrament, ever consumed with burning love for the poor captive souls in Purgatory, have mercy on the souls of Thy departed servants. Be not severe in Thy judgments, buy let some drops of Thy Precious Blood fall upon the devouring flames. And do Thou, O Merciful Saviour, send Thy holy angels to conduct them to a place of refreshment, light and peace. Amen <br><br> <i>During this month of October, <br>please visit the links dedicated <br>to the Rosary and Our Lady</i><br><br> <form> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <option value="Index.html">The Rosary & Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</option> <option value="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the Recitation of the Rosary</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Prayers of Our Ladyof the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</option> <option value="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</option> <option value="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</option> <option value="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</option> <option value="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</option> <option value="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</option> <option value="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Ave Maris Stella.html">Ave Maris Stella</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</option> <option value="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Ransom.html')">Our Lady of Ransom</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</option> <option value="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Annunciation Weninger.html')">Sermons of Fr. Weninger for the Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Annunciation.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of the Annunciation</option> <option value="Purification.html">The Purification of the Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('The Humility of Mary.html')">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <option value="Assumption.html">The Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Weninger Sermons.html')">Octave of the Assumption 3 Sermons by Fr.Weninger</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Assumption by St. Alphonsus.html')">The Dormition and Assumption of the B.V.M.</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Life of Mary Litany.html')"> Assumption: Additional Prayers and Devotions</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Vigil of the Assumption.html')">Vigil of the Assumption</option> <option value="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queenship of Mary popup.html')">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Octave Gueranger.html')">2nd - 4th Days within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Octave of the Immaculate Conception Weninger.html')"> Octave of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</option> <option value="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary The Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</option> <option value="Presentation of Mary.html">I. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Seven Dolors.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   I.</option> <option value="Sorrowful Mother.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   II.</option> <option value="Novena of the Seven Sorrows.html">Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Seven Dolours Sermon.html')">Our Lady of Sorrows</option> <option value="The Sweetness of the Name of Mary.html">The Sweetness of theName of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Novena in Honor of the Holy Name of Mary and Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Holy Name of Mary.html">The Holy Name of Mary</option> <option value="Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">The Nativity of the BlessedVirgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Novena.html')">Novena of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">The Feast of the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Novena.html')">Novena for the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Snows.html')">Our Lady of the Snows </option> <option value="Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Novena Our Lady of Mount Carmel.html">Novena to Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Feast of the Scapular.html">The Feast of the Scapular</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy House of Loretto</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Carmel popup.html')">History of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Queenship of Mary.html">The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary </option> <option value="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</option> <option value="Lourdes Novena.html">Novena in Honor of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Bernadette</option> <option value="Lourdes a History.html">In Defense of the Miracles of Lourdes, A History of Its Apparitions and Cures</option> <option value="Bernadette_Sequel.html">Inspirational Account of the Life of St. Bernadette and the Apparition of Lourdes</option> <option value="La Salette.html">Our Lady of La Salette</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</option> <option value="Mary Help of Christians.html">Mary Help of Christians</option> <option value="Our Lady of Perpetual Help.html">Perpetual Help</option> <option value="Immaculate Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary popup.html">Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="A Short Treatise on the Scapular.html">The Confraternity of Our Blessed Lady of Mount Carmel called the Scapular, 1850</option> <option value="Our Lady of Good Counsel.html">Our Lady of Good Counsel: Prayers, Litany and Book, "The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel"</option> <option value="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</option> <option value="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</option> <option value="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim and St. Anne, 1859</option> <option value="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal the Origin and History</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="3">On the great affair of salvation</font> by St. Alphonsus Liguori <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>he affair of our eternal salvation is of all others the most important. But how comes it that men use all diligence to succeed in the affairs of this world, leave no means untried to obtain a desirable situation, to gain a law-suit, or to bring about a marriage, reject no counsels, neglect no measures by which to secure their object, neither eat nor sleep, and yet do nothing to gain eternal salvation,--nothing to gain it but every thing to forfeit it, as though hell, heaven and eternity were not articles of faith, but only fables and lies? O God, assist me by thy divine light; suffer me not to be any longer blinded, as I hitherto have been.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">I</font>f an accident happen to a house, what is not immediately done to repair it? If a jewel be lost, what is not done to recover it? The soul is lost, the grace of God is lost, and men sleep and smile! We attend most carefully to our temporal welfare, and almost entirely neglect our eternal salvation! We call those happy who have renounced all things for God; why then are we so much attached to earthly things? O Jesus, thou hast so much desired my salvation as to shed thy blood and lay down thy life to secure it; and I have been so indifferent as to the preservation of thy grace as to renounce and forfeit it for a mere nothing! I am sorry, O Lord, for having thus dishonoured thee. I will renounce all things to attend only to Thy love, my God, who art most worthy of all love.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>he Son of God gives His life to save our souls; the devil is most deligent in his endeavours to bring them to eternal ruin: and do we take no care of them? St. Philip Neri convicts that man of the height of folly who is inattentive to the salvation of his soul. Let us arouse our faith: it is certain that, after this short life, another life awaits us, which will be either eternally happy or eternally miserable. God has given us to choose which we will: Hefore man is life and death that which he shall choose shall be given him. Eccl. xv. 18. Ah! let us make such a choice now as we shall not have to repent of for all eternity. O God, make me sensible of the great wrong I have done thee in offending thee and renouncing thee for the love of creatures. I am sorry with my whole heart for having despised Thee, my sovereign good; do not reject me now that I return to Thee. I love Thee above all things, and for the future I will lose all things rather than forfeit Thy grace. Through the love which Thou hast shown me in dying for me, succour me with Thy help, and do not abandon me. O Mary, mother of God, be you my advocate. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 21st,<br>St. Hilarion, Abbot; St. Ursula and Companions, Virgins and Martyrs</font><br><br> <img src="Saint of the Day 10.21.08.jpg"><br><br> <br><br> <i>Related Links for St. Ursula</i> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Hilarion and Ursula.html#Ursula')">St. Ursula and Companions, Virgins and Martyrs</a> <a href="Holy Purity.html">Holy Purity</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('The Virtue of Chastity.html')"> Prayers for the Preservation of Chastity. An Explanation and Defense of the Virtue of Chastity</a> <br><br> <a href="Sacred Heart Enthronement.html">The Enthronement of the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <a href="Devotions to the Sacred Heart.html#Reparation">Act of Reparation to the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <a href="Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus.html">Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>During this month of October, <br>please visit the links dedicated <br>to the Rosary and Our Lady</i><br><br> <form> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <option value="Index.html">The Rosary & Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</option> <option value="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the Recitation of the Rosary</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Prayers of Our Ladyof the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</option> <option value="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</option> <option value="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</option> <option value="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</option> <option value="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</option> <option value="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</option> <option value="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Ave Maris Stella.html">Ave Maris Stella</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</option> <option value="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Ransom.html')">Our Lady of Ransom</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</option> <option value="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Annunciation Weninger.html')">Sermons of Fr. Weninger for the Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Annunciation.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of the Annunciation</option> <option value="Purification.html">The Purification of the Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('The Humility of Mary.html')">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <option value="Assumption.html">The Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Weninger Sermons.html')">Octave of the Assumption 3 Sermons by Fr.Weninger</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Assumption by St. Alphonsus.html')">The Dormition and Assumption of the B.V.M.</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Life of Mary Litany.html')"> Assumption: Additional Prayers and Devotions</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Vigil of the Assumption.html')">Vigil of the Assumption</option> <option value="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queenship of Mary popup.html')">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Octave Gueranger.html')">2nd - 4th Days within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Octave of the Immaculate Conception Weninger.html')"> Octave of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</option> <option value="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary The Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</option> <option value="Presentation of Mary.html">I. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Seven Dolors.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   I.</option> <option value="Sorrowful Mother.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   II.</option> <option value="Novena of the Seven Sorrows.html">Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Seven Dolours Sermon.html')">Our Lady of Sorrows</option> <option value="The Sweetness of the Name of Mary.html">The Sweetness of theName of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Novena in Honor of the Holy Name of Mary and Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Holy Name of Mary.html">The Holy Name of Mary</option> <option value="Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">The Nativity of the BlessedVirgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Novena.html')">Novena of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">The Feast of the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Novena.html')">Novena for the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Snows.html')">Our Lady of the Snows </option> <option value="Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Novena Our Lady of Mount Carmel.html">Novena to Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Feast of the Scapular.html">The Feast of the Scapular</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy House of Loretto</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Carmel popup.html')">History of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Queenship of Mary.html">The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary </option> <option value="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</option> <option value="Lourdes Novena.html">Novena in Honor of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Bernadette</option> <option value="Lourdes a History.html">In Defense of the Miracles of Lourdes, A History of Its Apparitions and Cures</option> <option value="Bernadette_Sequel.html">Inspirational Account of the Life of St. Bernadette and the Apparition of Lourdes</option> <option value="La Salette.html">Our Lady of La Salette</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</option> <option value="Mary Help of Christians.html">Mary Help of Christians</option> <option value="Our Lady of Perpetual Help.html">Perpetual Help</option> <option value="Immaculate Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary popup.html">Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="A Short Treatise on the Scapular.html">The Confraternity of Our Blessed Lady of Mount Carmel called the Scapular, 1850</option> <option value="Our Lady of Good Counsel.html">Our Lady of Good Counsel: Prayers, Litany and Book, "The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel"</option> <option value="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</option> <option value="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</option> <option value="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim and St. Anne, 1859</option> <option value="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal the Origin and History</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> </select> </form> <br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">G</font>rant, we beseech thee, O Lord our God, that we may reverence with unceasing devotion the triumphs of the holy Virgins and Martyrs Ursula and her Companions: and although we cannot pay them the honor that is their due, let us at least present to them our humble service. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> (Roman Breviary)<br><br> </i> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Ursula was born in Great Britain of Christian parents; her father, Maurus, was king of Cornubia in Scotland. Ursula was sought in marriage by a young pagan prince, but had already vowed her life and her heart to Jesus Christ.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">I</font>n the year 383 she was boarded onto a boat with a large number of young girls and Christian women whom a Roman conqueror wished to give as wives to his soldiers, after having endowed them with rich terrains. But during the crossing of the Channel a storm arose, and the ships, instead of reaching western Gaul, were driven towards the mouth of the Rhine. The Huns who at that time were ravaging Europe saw the ships, and were making ready to pillage them and inflict on these virgins and women a dishonor more dreaded by them than death. Commanded by Ursula, they resisted heroically and so well that suddenly the sentiments of the barbarians changed. They took up their arms to be rid of this peaceful army. Soon the victims fell under the blows of the executioners, and their souls winged their way to heaven.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>he prince of the Huns, struck by Ursula's beauty, spared her at first; he tried to console her for the death of her companions and promised to marry her. When she did not assent he shot her with an arrow, and this consecrated virgin fell with the others. She was considered the leader of the eleven thousand brought by the Romans from Great Britain. Many churches have relics of this army of martyrs, but no region is more richly endowed than that of Cologne, since it is to that city that the Christians of the region devotedly carried the mortal remains of the martyrs.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">I</font>n the seventh century a magnificent church rose over their tomb, whose walls itself served as reliquaries. This holy cemetery has been rendered illustrious by many miracles. Pilgrims and especially young girls have come from all over Europe, to beg protection for their virginity from Saint Ursula and her companions. The very arrow which pierced Saint Ursula is still conserved there. A religious, who had great devotion to these martyrs, had fallen dangerously ill; a virgin appeared to him and said: "I am one of the virgins whom you honor. To reward you for the eleven thousand Our Father's you recited to honor us, you will have our assistance at the hour of death." And soon the glorious troop came to escort his soul. Saint Ursula is the patron of young teachers, and many congregations of nuns, dedicated to education, bear her name. <br><br><br><hr><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 21st,<br> St. Hilarion, Abbot</font> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Hilarion and Ursula.html')">St. Hilarion Abbot</a> <a href="St. Hilarion.html">St. Hilarion's miracles and combats with devils as written by St. Jerome</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Vianney The Bad Death.html')">The Bad Death</a> <a href="Lead us not into Temptation.html">Part 2:  Lead us not into <br>            Temptation</a> <a href="Devils who Tempt.html">Part 3:  Temptations and the <br>            Devils who Tempt</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Vianney Beware if you have no Temptations.html')">Beware if you       <br>have no Temptations       </a> <a href="Protection of the Holy Angels Against the Devils.html"> Part 5:  The Devils Plan to Ruin Souls and the Protection of the Holy Angels</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Unchaste Thoughts and Desires.html')">Moral Teaching on Unchaste Thoughts and Desires</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">M</font>ay the intercession of the blessed Abbot Hilarion procure favor for us, we beseech Thee, O Lord: that we may gain, by his patronage, those things of which we are not capable by our own merits. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> Ant. O ye wise Virgins, trim your lamps: behold the Bridegroom cometh, go ye forth to meet Him. <br><br> V. After her shall Virigns be brought to the King. <br><br> R. Her neighbors shall be brought to thee. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Hilarion was born of pagan parents near Gaza, and was converted while studying grammar in Alexandria. He renounced games, the theater and all the vain amusements of young people, to attend the reunions of his fellow Christians. He desired to see the great Saint Anthony in the desert and went to Egypt, where he remained near him for two months. He carefully observed everything in his life and conduct -- his affability, his gentleness towards others and his severity towards himself, then returned to Palestine with a few solitaries to settle his affairs. His father and mother had both died, and he kept nothing of his heritage for himself. At this time he was only fifteen years old.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">D</font>espite his youth and delicate health, he retired to a desert; he practiced severe mortification, tempted continually by the demons expending all their efforts to make him abandon this life of total renouncement. He redoubled his austerities, tilled the ground and, following the example of the Egyptian monks, made baskets of reeds and willow branches. He lived first in a cabin of reeds, then in one of clay, so low and narrow that it seemed more like a tomb than a lodging for a young man. He learned all of Holy Scripture by heart and repeated it with admirable devotion. When thieves approached him one day he told them he did not fear them, because he had nothing to lose, and death did not alarm him since he was ready to die. They were so touched by his answers they promised him to abandon their life of pillage.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">H</font>e soon began to work miracles by his prayers, and visitors made their way to his former solitude. Several remained nearby to become his disciples, and thus gave rise to the monastic life in Palestine, of which Hilarion is regarded as the founder. Saint Anthony esteemed him highly, sometimes wrote him letters, and sent to him the sick persons who came to him from Syria, telling them they had no need to make so long a journey. Saint Hilarion was a master exorcist and healer of all illnesses, but he refused all remuneration for his assistance, saying to his visitors from the city that they were better placed than he to distribute in alms the money they were offering him. Frequently the scattered solitaries of Palestine came to him to listen to his instructions, and he also visited them. The pagans too gathered around him. His exhortations to abandon idolatry were so powerful that on one occasion a group of Saracens promised to convert, asking him to send them a priest to baptize them and establish a church. One day, accompanied by three thousand persons who were following him, he blessed the vine of a solitary who received him. The vine furnished a triple harvest and all in the crowd were well nourished.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Hilarion found his solitude transformed into a city, and decided at the age of sixty-five to go elsewhere. His Palestinian disciples attempted to change his mind without success, and taking with him only forty monks, he set out for Egypt on foot. Saint Anthony had recently died, and he wished to visit the places where he had dwelt. After spending some time in Egypt, he went with only two religious to a village a few days' distance from Babylon. He remained only a short time there also, afterwards going elsewhere, and everywhere assisting those who had recourse to his prayers. In Sicily he delivered a demoniac, and then a crowd came to surround him once again. In Dalmatia he worked still more miracles, and saved a city from being engulfed by tidal waves raised by an earthquake. These traditions are still alive in the regions where he passed. He tried many times to live unknown but never could succeed.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Hilarion died in 372 on the island of Cyprus, at the age of seventy years. His last words were: "Go forth, my soul; why dost thou doubt? Nigh seventy years hast thou served God, and dost thou fear death?" His body was found incorrupt some time afterwards, and was transported to Palestine to his original monastery. Saint Jerome was his original biographer. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 20th, St. John Cantius, Confessor</font> <br><br> <img src="Saint of the Day 10.20.08.jpg"><br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. John Cantius.html')">St. John Cantius, Confessor</a> <a href="Corporal Works of Mercy.html">The Corporal Works of Mercy</a> <a href="Instruction for Children.html">On the Mode of Teaching Christian Doctrine to Children</a> <br><br> <i>St. John Cantius was devoted to Passion of Christ. The Litany of the Passion is included in the following link.</i> <br><br> <a href="Passion of Christ.html">The Passion of Christ</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br><br> <i>During this month of October, <br>please visit the links dedicated <br>to the Rosary and Our Lady</i><br><br> <form> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <option value="Index.html">The Rosary & Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</option> <option value="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the Recitation of the Rosary</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Prayers of Our Ladyof the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</option> <option value="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</option> <option value="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</option> <option value="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</option> <option value="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</option> <option value="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</option> <option value="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Ave Maris Stella.html">Ave Maris Stella</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</option> <option value="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Ransom.html')">Our Lady of Ransom</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</option> <option value="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Annunciation Weninger.html')">Sermons of Fr. Weninger for the Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Annunciation.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of the Annunciation</option> <option value="Purification.html">The Purification of the Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('The Humility of Mary.html')">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <option value="Assumption.html">The Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Weninger Sermons.html')">Octave of the Assumption 3 Sermons by Fr.Weninger</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Assumption by St. Alphonsus.html')">The Dormition and Assumption of the B.V.M.</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Life of Mary Litany.html')"> Assumption: Additional Prayers and Devotions</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Vigil of the Assumption.html')">Vigil of the Assumption</option> <option value="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queenship of Mary popup.html')">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Octave Gueranger.html')">2nd - 4th Days within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Octave of the Immaculate Conception Weninger.html')"> Octave of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</option> <option value="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary The Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</option> <option value="Presentation of Mary.html">I. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Seven Dolors.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   I.</option> <option value="Sorrowful Mother.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   II.</option> <option value="Novena of the Seven Sorrows.html">Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Seven Dolours Sermon.html')">Our Lady of Sorrows</option> <option value="The Sweetness of the Name of Mary.html">The Sweetness of theName of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Novena in Honor of the Holy Name of Mary and Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Holy Name of Mary.html">The Holy Name of Mary</option> <option value="Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">The Nativity of the BlessedVirgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Novena.html')">Novena of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">The Feast of the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Novena.html')">Novena for the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Snows.html')">Our Lady of the Snows </option> <option value="Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Novena Our Lady of Mount Carmel.html">Novena to Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Feast of the Scapular.html">The Feast of the Scapular</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy House of Loretto</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Carmel popup.html')">History of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Queenship of Mary.html">The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary </option> <option value="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</option> <option value="Lourdes Novena.html">Novena in Honor of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Bernadette</option> <option value="Lourdes a History.html">In Defense of the Miracles of Lourdes, A History of Its Apparitions and Cures</option> <option value="Bernadette_Sequel.html">Inspirational Account of the Life of St. Bernadette and the Apparition of Lourdes</option> <option value="La Salette.html">Our Lady of La Salette</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</option> <option value="Mary Help of Christians.html">Mary Help of Christians</option> <option value="Our Lady of Perpetual Help.html">Perpetual Help</option> <option value="Immaculate Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary popup.html">Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="A Short Treatise on the Scapular.html">The Confraternity of Our Blessed Lady of Mount Carmel called the Scapular, 1850</option> <option value="Our Lady of Good Counsel.html">Our Lady of Good Counsel: Prayers, Litany and Book, "The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel"</option> <option value="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</option> <option value="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</option> <option value="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim and St. Anne, 1859</option> <option value="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal the Origin and History</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> </select> </form> <br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">St. John Cantius, Confessor</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">G</font>rant, we beseech Thee, Almighty God, that by the example of thy Confessor John, we may advance in the science of the saints, and by showing mercy to others, through his merits win forgiveness from Thee. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> Ant. This man, despising the world and triumphing over earthly things, hath laid up treasure in heaven by world and deed. <br><br> V. The Lord conducted the just through the right ways. <br><br> R. And showed him the kingdom of God. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint John was born at Kenty in Poland in 1403. He studied philosophy and theology at the University of Cracow with great intelligence, industry, and success, while his modesty and virtue drew all hearts to him. After earning his degrees, he was appointed to the Chair of Theology at the university. He inflamed his hearers with the desire of every kind of piety, no less by his deeds than by his words. He was ordained a priest and was for a short time in charge of a parish, where he manifested great concern for the poor, at his own expense. At the University's request, he resumed the professor's Chair and taught there until his holy death.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">H</font>e found a poor man on the snow one day, dying of hunger and cold; he clothed him in his own frock and took him to the rectory, to eat at his table. Afterwards, for many years, every professor of the College of Varsovie was obliged, once every year, to invite a poor man to dine with him.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">H</font>e made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, preaching along the way to the Turks, and hoping for the grace of martyrdom. He went four times to Rome to visit the tombs of the Apostles and pay honor to the Holy See, desiring thereby to be spared the pains of purgatory. He always traveled on foot, carrying his own effects. Robbed one day by bandits, he forgot he had a few gold pieces sewn into his cloak; he soon remembered and called them back to give them to his benefactors. They were so astonished they refused to accept the offering, and even returned to him what they had taken.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint John Cantius wrote on the walls of his residence some verses which showed the horror he had for the vice of backbiting or detraction, talking without cause of our neighbor's faults. He slept very little and often spent entire nights praying before a crucifix. After his classes he went to pray before the Blessed Sacrament in a church. Before his death, he gave absolutely everything he still had to the poor. He died in 1473, at the age of seventy-six years. The purple robe which he had worn as a Doctor was religiously conserved and always given to the venerable Head of the School of Philosophy on the day of his reception; and a promise was required of the teachers there, to imitate the virtues of this beloved Saint. He is a patron of both Poland and Lithuania; Clement XIII canonized him in 1767. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 19th, St. Peter of Alcantara, Confessor</font><br><br> <img src="Saint of the Day 10.19.08.jpg"><br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Peter Alcantara.html')">St. Peter of Alcantara, Confessor</a> <a href="A Golden Treastise of Mental Prayer.html">The Life of St. Peter Alcantara and his Golden Treastise of Mental Prayer</a> <a href="http://catholicharboroffaithandmorals.com/Prayer.html">What we should pray for</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Prayer.html')">Sermon on Prayer<br></a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Second_Week_Lent_Prayer.html')">Short Sermons on Prayer: <br>Necessity of Prayer <br>Attention in Prayer <br>Conditions of Prayer <br>Fervour in Prayer <br>Mental Prayer </a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Fast from Heart.html')">How to Fast from the Heart</a> <a href="http://catholicharboroffaithandmorals.com/Litany%20of%20Penance.html">Litany of Penance</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Sermon Mortification.html')">The Necessity of Mortification</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_One_Thing_Narrow_Gate.html')">Two Short Sermons: One Thing Necessary and Strive to Enter by the Narrow Gate</a> <a href="Communion.html#Prayer">Spiritual Communion</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br><br> <i>During this month of October, <br>please visit the links dedicated <br>to the Rosary and Our Lady</i><br><br> <form> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <option value="Index.html">The Rosary & Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</option> <option value="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the Recitation of the Rosary</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Prayers of Our Ladyof the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</option> <option value="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</option> <option value="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</option> <option value="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</option> <option value="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</option> <option value="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</option> <option value="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Ave Maris Stella.html">Ave Maris Stella</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</option> <option value="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Ransom.html')">Our Lady of Ransom</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</option> <option value="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Annunciation Weninger.html')">Sermons of Fr. Weninger for the Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Annunciation.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of the Annunciation</option> <option value="Purification.html">The Purification of the Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('The Humility of Mary.html')">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <option value="Assumption.html">The Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Weninger Sermons.html')">Octave of the Assumption 3 Sermons by Fr.Weninger</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Assumption by St. Alphonsus.html')">The Dormition and Assumption of the B.V.M.</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Life of Mary Litany.html')"> Assumption: Additional Prayers and Devotions</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Vigil of the Assumption.html')">Vigil of the Assumption</option> <option value="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queenship of Mary popup.html')">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Octave Gueranger.html')">2nd - 4th Days within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Octave of the Immaculate Conception Weninger.html')"> Octave of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</option> <option value="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary The Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</option> <option value="Presentation of Mary.html">I. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Seven Dolors.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   I.</option> <option value="Sorrowful Mother.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   II.</option> <option value="Novena of the Seven Sorrows.html">Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Seven Dolours Sermon.html')">Our Lady of Sorrows</option> <option value="The Sweetness of the Name of Mary.html">The Sweetness of theName of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Novena in Honor of the Holy Name of Mary and Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Holy Name of Mary.html">The Holy Name of Mary</option> <option value="Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">The Nativity of the BlessedVirgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Novena.html')">Novena of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">The Feast of the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Novena.html')">Novena for the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Snows.html')">Our Lady of the Snows </option> <option value="Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Novena Our Lady of Mount Carmel.html">Novena to Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Feast of the Scapular.html">The Feast of the Scapular</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy House of Loretto</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Carmel popup.html')">History of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Queenship of Mary.html">The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary </option> <option value="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</option> <option value="Lourdes Novena.html">Novena in Honor of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Bernadette</option> <option value="Lourdes a History.html">In Defense of the Miracles of Lourdes, A History of Its Apparitions and Cures</option> <option value="Bernadette_Sequel.html">Inspirational Account of the Life of St. Bernadette and the Apparition of Lourdes</option> <option value="La Salette.html">Our Lady of La Salette</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</option> <option value="Mary Help of Christians.html">Mary Help of Christians</option> <option value="Our Lady of Perpetual Help.html">Perpetual Help</option> <option value="Immaculate Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary popup.html">Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="A Short Treatise on the Scapular.html">The Confraternity of Our Blessed Lady of Mount Carmel called the Scapular, 1850</option> <option value="Our Lady of Good Counsel.html">Our Lady of Good Counsel: Prayers, Litany and Book, "The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel"</option> <option value="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</option> <option value="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</option> <option value="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim and St. Anne, 1859</option> <option value="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal the Origin and History</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> </select> </form> <br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">St. Peter of Alcantara, Confessor</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">O</font> God Who didst vouchsafe to make blessed Peter, Thy Confessor, illustrious by the grace of marvelous penance and lofty contemplation: grant, we beseech Thee, that, by his merits which plead for us, we may so mortify our bodies as to embrace the more readily the things of heaven. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> Ant. I will liken him to a wise man that built his home upon a rock. <br><br> V. The Lord loved him and adorned him. <br><br> R. He clothed him with a robe of glory. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Peter was born in 1499 near the Portuguese border of Spain. While still a youth of sixteen, he left his home at Alcantara and entered a convent of Discalced Franciscans near Valencia. He rose quickly to high posts in the Order, as a guardian, a definitor, and then Superior of the Province of Saint Gabriel. But his thirst for penance was still unappeased, and in 1539, being then forty years old, he founded the Congregation of Saint Joseph of the "Strict Observance," to conserve the letter of the Rule of Saint Francis. He suffered great tribulations to conserve that Rule in its integrity. Eventually Saint Peter himself, the year before his death, raised it to the status of a province under obedience to the Minister General of the entire Seraphic Order. The Reform he instituted has since been extended even to the farthest Orient and the Indies; it is believed God ordained that it repair the ravages to the faith of the sixteenth century.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>he modesty of Saint Peter remains proverbial in the Franciscan Order; never did he raise his eyes to look at the non-essentials of his interior life with God. His fast was constant and severe; he lived perpetually on bread and water alone, even during his illnesses. He devised a sort of harness to keep him upright on his seat during the short hour and a half of sleep which he took every day, for forty years. He acknowledged to Saint Teresa of Avila that this mortification was the one which cost him the most. The cells of the friars of Saint Joseph resembled graves rather than dwelling-places. That of Saint Peter himself was four and a half feet in length, so that he could never lie down; his sackcloth habit and a cloak were his only garments; he never covered his head or feet. In the bitter winter he would open the door and window of his cell in order that, by closing them again, he might be grateful for the shelter of his cell. Among those whom he guided to perfection we may name Saint Teresa, who fully appreciated this remarkable director. He read her soul, approved her spirit of prayer, and strengthened her to carry out her reforms.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">E</font>verywhere he could do so, he planted crosses, for the Passion of Our Lord was engraved in his heart. Wherever they were to be placed, even on mountains, and however heavy they might be, he went to the destined sites carrying them on his shoulders. From these heights he would then preach the mysteries of the Cross, afterwards remaining in prayer there. Shepherds saw him several times in the air, at the height of the highest trees of the forests. Never did he go anywhere except on foot, even in his old age. He was often seen prostrated before a large crucifix, shedding torrents of tears; and he was found in ecstasy once at the height of the traverse of a crucifix. Saint Peter died at the age of sixty-three, repeating with the Psalmist, "I rejoiced when it was said unto me, let us go unto the house of the Lord!" The date was October 18, 1562; he was kneeling in prayer. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <A NAME="Refresh_Luke"style="border-style: none"/></a> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 18th, St. Luke, Evangelist</font><br><br><br> <img src="Saint of the Day 10.18.08.jpg"><br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Luke Popup.html')">St. Luke, the Evangelist</a> <a href="The Labor of the Apostles Book.html">The Labor of the Apostles: <br>Their Teaching of the Nations</a> <a href="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Angelus_2019.html')">The Angelus: Prayer, Explanation, Indulgences</a> <a href="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the <br>Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <br><br> <i>The Life of Our Savior Jesus Christ, from the Four Gospels, as Illustrated by James Tissot </i> <br><br> <a href="Tissot Illustrated Bible V1 Part1.html">Vol. 1, Part 1: The Holy Childhood of Jesus from the Latin Vulgate, as Illustrated by Catholic Artist and Historian, James Tissot, 1899</a> <a href="Tissot Illustrated Bible V1 Part2.html">Vol. 1, Part 2: The Ministry of Jesus Christ, as Illustrated by Catholic Artist and Historian, James Tissot, 1899</a> <a href="Tissot Illustrated Bible V2.html">Vol. 2: Parables and Teachings of Jesus Christ, as Illustrated by Catholic Artist and Historian, James Tissot, 1899</a> <a href="Tissot Illustrated Bible V3.html">Vol. 3: Holy Week and the Passion of Jesus Christ, as Illustrated by Catholic Artist and Historian, James Tissot, 1899</a> <a href="Tissot Illustrated Bible V4 Part1.html">Vol. 4 Part 1: The Passion Continued and the Death of Jesus Christ, as Illustrated by Catholic Artist and Historian, James Tissot, 1899</a> <a href="Tissot Illustrated Bible V4 Part2.html">Vol. 4 Part 2:The Resurrection and Ascension of Jesus Christ, as Illustrated by Catholic Artist and Historian, James Tissot, 1899</a> <a href="Catholic Bible Stories.html">Catholic Bible Stories</a> <a href="Jesus of Nazareth the Story of His Life.html">Jesus of Nazareth, the Story of His Life: A Catholic Children's Book, 1906</a> <a href="Index for the Sick.html">Index of Prayers and <br>Devotions for the Sick</a> <br><br> <i>Related Links:</i> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Self Interpretation of the Bible.html')">Refuting Protestant Errors of Private Interpretation</a> <a href="Oral Tradition Sacred Scripture and the Difficulties of Private Interpretation.html">A Series of Sermons in Defense of the Catholic Teaching on Oral Tradition, the Word of God, and Errors of Private Interpretation</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Matters of Faith Profession of Faith.html')">Are we bound to profess our Catholic Faith openly?</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>During this month of October, <br>please visit the links dedicated <br>to the Rosary and Our Lady</i><br><br> <form> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <option value="Index.html">The Rosary & Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</option> <option value="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the Recitation of the Rosary</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Prayers of Our Ladyof the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</option> <option value="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</option> <option value="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</option> <option value="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</option> <option value="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</option> <option value="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</option> <option value="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Ave Maris Stella.html">Ave Maris Stella</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</option> <option value="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Ransom.html')">Our Lady of Ransom</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</option> <option value="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Annunciation Weninger.html')">Sermons of Fr. Weninger for the Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Annunciation.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of the Annunciation</option> <option value="Purification.html">The Purification of the Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('The Humility of Mary.html')">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <option value="Assumption.html">The Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Weninger Sermons.html')">Octave of the Assumption 3 Sermons by Fr.Weninger</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Assumption by St. Alphonsus.html')">The Dormition and Assumption of the B.V.M.</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Life of Mary Litany.html')"> Assumption: Additional Prayers and Devotions</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Vigil of the Assumption.html')">Vigil of the Assumption</option> <option value="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queenship of Mary popup.html')">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Octave Gueranger.html')">2nd - 4th Days within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Octave of the Immaculate Conception Weninger.html')"> Octave of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</option> <option value="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary The Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</option> <option value="Presentation of Mary.html">I. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Seven Dolors.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   I.</option> <option value="Sorrowful Mother.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   II.</option> <option value="Novena of the Seven Sorrows.html">Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Seven Dolours Sermon.html')">Our Lady of Sorrows</option> <option value="The Sweetness of the Name of Mary.html">The Sweetness of theName of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Novena in Honor of the Holy Name of Mary and Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Holy Name of Mary.html">The Holy Name of Mary</option> <option value="Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">The Nativity of the BlessedVirgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Novena.html')">Novena of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">The Feast of the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Novena.html')">Novena for the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Snows.html')">Our Lady of the Snows </option> <option value="Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Novena Our Lady of Mount Carmel.html">Novena to Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Feast of the Scapular.html">The Feast of the Scapular</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy House of Loretto</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Carmel popup.html')">History of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Queenship of Mary.html">The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary </option> <option value="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</option> <option value="Lourdes Novena.html">Novena in Honor of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Bernadette</option> <option value="Lourdes a History.html">In Defense of the Miracles of Lourdes, A History of Its Apparitions and Cures</option> <option value="Bernadette_Sequel.html">Inspirational Account of the Life of St. Bernadette and the Apparition of Lourdes</option> <option value="La Salette.html">Our Lady of La Salette</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</option> <option value="Mary Help of Christians.html">Mary Help of Christians</option> <option value="Our Lady of Perpetual Help.html">Perpetual Help</option> <option value="Immaculate Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary popup.html">Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="A Short Treatise on the Scapular.html">The Confraternity of Our Blessed Lady of Mount Carmel called the Scapular, 1850</option> <option value="Our Lady of Good Counsel.html">Our Lady of Good Counsel: Prayers, Litany and Book, "The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel"</option> <option value="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</option> <option value="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</option> <option value="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim and St. Anne, 1859</option> <option value="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal the Origin and History</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> </select> </form> <br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">St. Luke, Evangelist</font><br><br><br> <i> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">G</font>rant us, O Lord, we beseech Thee, the intercession of blessed Luke the Evangelist, who for love of Thy holy name bore continually in his body the mortification of the cross. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <br><br> R. There are they who, living in the flesh, planted the Church in the their blood: They drank the chalice of the Lord, and became the friends of God. <br><br> V. Their sound hath gone forth into all the earth, and their words unto the ends of the world. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Luke, a physician at Antioch and a painter, was also an excellent rhetorician in Greek, his native language. He became a disciple of Saint Paul, the Apostle's fellow-worker and his faithful friend during his two imprisonments, and is best known to us as the historian of the New Testament acts of both Christ and the Apostles. Though not an eye-witness of Our Lord's life, the meticulous Evangelist diligently gathered information from those who had followed or listened to Jesus of Nazareth, and wrote, as he tells us, all things in order. His command of Greek is much admired. Saint Clement of Alexandria, Saint Jerome and Saint Thomas Aquinas state that it is he who translated Saint Paul's famous Epistle to the Hebrews, written in the language of the Jerusalem Christians, into the admirable Greek which we presently possess as the only ancient version.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>he Acts of the Apostles were written by the Evangelist as a sequel to his Gospel, bringing the history of the Church down to the first imprisonment of Saint Paul in Rome, in the year 64. The humble historian never names himself, but by his occasional use of "we" instead of "he" or "they", we are able to detect his presence in the scenes of Saint Paul's life which he describes. We thus find that he sailed with Paul and Silas from Troas to Macedonia, where he remained behind, apparently, for seven years at Philippi. Finally, after remaining near Saint Paul during the time he was imprisoned in Palestine, he accompanied him, still a prisoner, when he was transported to Rome. Thus he shared the shipwreck and perils of that memorable voyage, narrated in Chapter 27 of Acts--which book no Christian should fail to read, along with the four Gospels. He then narrates the two years of Saint Paul's first imprisonment, ending in his liberation.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>here his narrative ends, but from Saint Paul's Epistles we learn that Saint Luke was his faithful companion to the last. His paintings of Our Lady are still conserved with care in a number of places in Europe. Saint Luke certainly learned from the Mother of Christ Herself, the story of the Annunciation, the Visitation, and the Angelic mission to the shepherds of Bethlehem. After the martyrdom of the Apostle to the Gentiles, Saint Epiphanus says that Saint Luke preached in Italy, Gaul, Dalmatia and Macedonia. Others say he went to Egypt and preached in the Thebaid, the region of the Fathers of the desert. Saint Hippolyte says he was crucified in Greece. His mortal remains were transferred to the Church of the Apostles, built by Constantine the Great at Constantinople, with those of Saint Andrew and Saint Timothy. Some of his relics remain in the Greek monastery of Mount Athos. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 17th, St. Margaret Mary Alacoque, Virgin</font><br><br> <img src="Sacred Heart Sidebar.jpg"><br><br> <a href="Life of Blessed Margaret Mary Alacoque.html">Life of Blessed Margaret Mary Alacoque</a> <a href="St.%20Margaret%20Mary%20Popup.html">St. Margaret Mary Alacoque I.</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html')">St. Margaret Mary Alacoque II.</a> <a href="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</a> <a href="Devotions to the Sacred Heart.html">Devotions to the Sacred Heart</a> <a href="Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus.html">Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <br><br> <i>The Novena to the Sacred Heart of Jesus along with many wonderful prayers and devotion can be found in the following book: The Manual of the Sacred Heart</i> <br><br> <a href="The Manual of the Sacred Heart.html">The Manual of the Sacred Heart</a> <br><br> <i>Related Links:</i> <br><br> <a href="Octave of the Sacred Heart.html">Litany of the Sacred Heart for each day of the week</a> <a href="Sacred Heart Feast.html">Feast of the Sacred Heart</a> <a href="Feast of the Sacred Heart Weninger.html">Feast of the Sacred Heart: Sermons by Fr. Weninger</a> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <br><br> <i>During this month of October, <br>please visit the links dedicated <br>to the Rosary and Our Lady</i><br><br> <form> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <option value="Index.html">The Rosary & Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</option> <option value="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the Recitation of the Rosary</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Prayers of Our Ladyof the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</option> <option value="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</option> <option value="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</option> <option value="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</option> <option value="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</option> <option value="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</option> <option value="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Ave Maris Stella.html">Ave Maris Stella</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</option> <option value="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Ransom.html')">Our Lady of Ransom</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</option> <option value="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Annunciation Weninger.html')">Sermons of Fr. Weninger for the Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Annunciation.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of the Annunciation</option> <option value="Purification.html">The Purification of the Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('The Humility of Mary.html')">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <option value="Assumption.html">The Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Weninger Sermons.html')">Octave of the Assumption 3 Sermons by Fr.Weninger</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Assumption by St. Alphonsus.html')">The Dormition and Assumption of the B.V.M.</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Life of Mary Litany.html')"> Assumption: Additional Prayers and Devotions</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Vigil of the Assumption.html')">Vigil of the Assumption</option> <option value="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queenship of Mary popup.html')">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Octave Gueranger.html')">2nd - 4th Days within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Octave of the Immaculate Conception Weninger.html')"> Octave of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</option> <option value="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary The Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</option> <option value="Presentation of Mary.html">I. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Seven Dolors.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   I.</option> <option value="Sorrowful Mother.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   II.</option> <option value="Novena of the Seven Sorrows.html">Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Seven Dolours Sermon.html')">Our Lady of Sorrows</option> <option value="The Sweetness of the Name of Mary.html">The Sweetness of theName of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Novena in Honor of the Holy Name of Mary and Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Holy Name of Mary.html">The Holy Name of Mary</option> <option value="Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">The Nativity of the BlessedVirgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Novena.html')">Novena of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">The Feast of the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Novena.html')">Novena for the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Snows.html')">Our Lady of the Snows </option> <option value="Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Novena Our Lady of Mount Carmel.html">Novena to Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Feast of the Scapular.html">The Feast of the Scapular</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy House of Loretto</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Carmel popup.html')">History of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Queenship of Mary.html">The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary </option> <option value="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</option> <option value="Lourdes Novena.html">Novena in Honor of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Bernadette</option> <option value="Lourdes a History.html">In Defense of the Miracles of Lourdes, A History of Its Apparitions and Cures</option> <option value="Bernadette_Sequel.html">Inspirational Account of the Life of St. Bernadette and the Apparition of Lourdes</option> <option value="La Salette.html">Our Lady of La Salette</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</option> <option value="Mary Help of Christians.html">Mary Help of Christians</option> <option value="Our Lady of Perpetual Help.html">Perpetual Help</option> <option value="Immaculate Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary popup.html">Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="A Short Treatise on the Scapular.html">The Confraternity of Our Blessed Lady of Mount Carmel called the Scapular, 1850</option> <option value="Our Lady of Good Counsel.html">Our Lady of Good Counsel: Prayers, Litany and Book, "The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel"</option> <option value="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</option> <option value="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</option> <option value="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim and St. Anne, 1859</option> <option value="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal the Origin and History</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">St. Margaret Mary Alacoque, Virgin</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">O</font> Lord Jesus Christ, Who didst wondrously reveal to the Virgin blessed Margaret Mary, the unsearchable riches of Thy heart: grant by her merits, that we who love Thee after her example in all things and above all things, may obtain an everlasting abode in Thy heart. Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.    Amen.<br><br> <i> V. With thy comeliness and thy beauty. <br><br> R. Set out, proceed prosperously, and reign. <br><br> Ant. Come, Spouse of Christ, receive the crown, which the Lord hath prepared for thee for all eternity. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Margaret Mary, a soul of divine predilection, was born at Terreau in Burgundy, on July 22, 1647. During her infancy she showed a wonderfully sensitive revulsion to the very idea of sin, and while still a young child always recited the entire Rosary every day. She lost her father at the age of eight years, and her mother placed her with the Poor Clares. She was often sick and for four years was bedridden, losing almost entirely the use of her members. She made a vow to Our Lady to become one of Her daughters if She cured her, and was suddenly entirely well.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>he was of a happy temperament and her heart became easily attached to human affections. God began her purification when the charge of her mother's house was confided to persons who reduced the family to a sort of servitude. Margaret Mary turned to God for strength and consolation when she was accused of various crimes she had not committed. In short, the Saint of the Sacred Heart learned to suffer for Christ, with patience, what innocence can suffer in such situations.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>he desired to be a religious, but her mother could not bear to hear a word of that desire. Finally God came to her assistance through a Franciscan priest, who told her brother that he would answer to God for the vocation of his sister. In 1671 she entered the Order of the Visitation of Mary, at Paray-le-Monial, and was professed the following year. She followed all the practices of the monastery in perfect obedience, spending as much time as she could in the chapel with her Lord. After sanctifying her by many trials, Jesus appeared to her in numerous visions, displaying to her His Sacred Heart, sometimes burning as a furnace, and sometimes torn and bleeding on account of the coldness and sins of men. "Behold this Heart which has so loved men, and been so little loved by them in return!"<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">I</font>n 1675, she was told by Our Lord that she, with the aid of Father Claude de la Colombiere of the Society of Jesus, was to be His instrument for instituting the feast of the Sacred Heart, and for spreading that devotion everywhere. This was not accomplished without great sufferings. The good Jesuit did all in his power to make known and loved the Heart of Jesus, but when it seemed all obstacles were about to disappear, his credit diminished, and his Superiors sent him to England. He returned to France exhausted and soon died.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Margaret Mary was for a time Mistress of Novices, and in this office exercised a true apostolate, working to win for the Heart of Jesus the hearts of the young girls who were aspiring to religious consecration. She was persecuted when she sent one of them home, not having seen in her the indications of a genuine vocation; the family attempted to have her deposed. She remained in the charge but was deprived of Holy Communion on the First Friday of the month. This practice was one of Our Lord's specific requests; for souls who communicate nine First Fridays in succession, He promised the most wonderful graces. The demons also persecuted her visibly; nonetheless her entire Community was finally won over to devotion to the Divine Heart. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <A NAME="Sunday"style="border-style: none"/></a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 16th, Nineteenth Sunday After Pentecost</font><br><br> <img src="19th Sunday After Pentecost_Miniature.jpg"><br><br> <i>There are those who scoff at religion and those who practice it; others who do not fulfill their religious duties, not even the most necessary duties; they live absorbed in their occupations or attracted by worldly diversions; they are Christians in name only. Without the garment of sanctifying grace, we cannot enter the kingdom of heaven. To die in the state of grace is a special gift for which we must pray and which God will certianly not deny us if we "ever cleave to the keeping of (His) commandments." </i> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Nineteenth Sunday After Pentecost.html')">19th Sunday After Pentecost<br>Marriage Feast: Many are called, but few are chosen.--Matt 22</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Nineteenth Sunday After Pentecost_Gospel.html')">Nineteenth Sunday After Pentecost: Instruction Concerning Hell and the Joys of Heaven</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon 19th Sunday After Pentecost.html')">Children's Sermon for the 19th Sunday After Pentecost</a> <a href="The Sin Unto Death.html">The Sin Unto Death<br>by Cardinal Manning</a> <a href="Death.html">Death and the Importance of Salvation</a> <a href="Meditations on Saving Your Soul.html">Meditations on Saving Your Soul: Will it be Heaven or Hell?</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_One_Thing_Narrow_Gate.html')">Two Short Sermons: One Thing Necessary and Strive to Enter by the Narrow Gate</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('God will punish you.html')">God Will Punish You!</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Death-Bed Conversion.html')">Death-Bed Repentance</a> <a href="Goffine_Mass_Parts.html">A Devout Guide to follow the Tridentine Latin Mass of Pope St. Pius V. Recommended for Those Who Cannot Attend Mass in Person. 18th Sunday After Pentecost</a> <a href="The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass.html">The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, Fr. O' Keeffe, 1891</a> <a href="Quo Primum.html">Papal Bull: Quo Primum, the Tridentine Mass for all Times</a> <a href="Why the Latin Mass.html">Why the Mass is in Latin</a> <a href="Catholic Worship.html">Catholic Worship, Explained</a> <a href="Mass at Home.html">Manner of Hearing Mass At Home: For those who on account of sickness, old age, or for other proper reasons cannot assist at holy Mass, especially on Sundays and Holidays</a> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 16th, St. Hedwig, Widow</font><br><br> <img src="10.16.09.jpg"> <br><br> <a href="St. Hedwig.html">St. Hedwig, Widow</a> <a href="Corporal Works of Mercy.html">The Corporal Works of Mercy</a> <a href="Spiritual Works of Mercy.html">The Spiritual Works of Mercy</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Eternity.html')"> The Thought of Eternity</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_3_Sermons_Resignation.html')">On Resignation to the Will of God in All of Our Sufferings</a> <a href="Conformity to the Will of God.html">On Conformity to the Will of God and the Motives that Oblige Us</a> <a href="The Providence of God and Why He Permits Evil.html">The Providence of God and why He permits evil</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>During this month of October, <br>please visit the links dedicated <br>to the Rosary and Our Lady</i><br><br> <form> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <option value="Index.html">The Rosary & Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</option> <option value="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the Recitation of the Rosary</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Prayers of Our Ladyof the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</option> <option value="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</option> <option value="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</option> <option value="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</option> <option value="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</option> <option value="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</option> <option value="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Ave Maris Stella.html">Ave Maris Stella</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</option> <option value="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Ransom.html')">Our Lady of Ransom</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</option> <option value="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Annunciation Weninger.html')">Sermons of Fr. Weninger for the Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Annunciation.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of the Annunciation</option> <option value="Purification.html">The Purification of the Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('The Humility of Mary.html')">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <option value="Assumption.html">The Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Weninger Sermons.html')">Octave of the Assumption 3 Sermons by Fr.Weninger</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Assumption by St. Alphonsus.html')">The Dormition and Assumption of the B.V.M.</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Life of Mary Litany.html')"> Assumption: Additional Prayers and Devotions</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Vigil of the Assumption.html')">Vigil of the Assumption</option> <option value="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queenship of Mary popup.html')">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Octave Gueranger.html')">2nd - 4th Days within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Octave of the Immaculate Conception Weninger.html')"> Octave of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</option> <option value="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary The Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</option> <option value="Presentation of Mary.html">I. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Seven Dolors.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   I.</option> <option value="Sorrowful Mother.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   II.</option> <option value="Novena of the Seven Sorrows.html">Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Seven Dolours Sermon.html')">Our Lady of Sorrows</option> <option value="The Sweetness of the Name of Mary.html">The Sweetness of theName of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Novena in Honor of the Holy Name of Mary and Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Holy Name of Mary.html">The Holy Name of Mary</option> <option value="Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">The Nativity of the BlessedVirgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Novena.html')">Novena of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">The Feast of the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Novena.html')">Novena for the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Snows.html')">Our Lady of the Snows </option> <option value="Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Novena Our Lady of Mount Carmel.html">Novena to Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Feast of the Scapular.html">The Feast of the Scapular</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy House of Loretto</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Carmel popup.html')">History of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Queenship of Mary.html">The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary </option> <option value="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</option> <option value="Lourdes Novena.html">Novena in Honor of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Bernadette</option> <option value="Lourdes a History.html">In Defense of the Miracles of Lourdes, A History of Its Apparitions and Cures</option> <option value="Bernadette_Sequel.html">Inspirational Account of the Life of St. Bernadette and the Apparition of Lourdes</option> <option value="La Salette.html">Our Lady of La Salette</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</option> <option value="Mary Help of Christians.html">Mary Help of Christians</option> <option value="Our Lady of Perpetual Help.html">Perpetual Help</option> <option value="Immaculate Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary popup.html">Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="A Short Treatise on the Scapular.html">The Confraternity of Our Blessed Lady of Mount Carmel called the Scapular, 1850</option> <option value="Our Lady of Good Counsel.html">Our Lady of Good Counsel: Prayers, Litany and Book, "The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel"</option> <option value="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</option> <option value="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</option> <option value="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim and St. Anne, 1859</option> <option value="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal the Origin and History</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>Related links for the Sacrament of Penance</i> <br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="">Select from the Following:</option> <option value="Examine%20Index.html">Examination of Conscience</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On the Vice of Impurity.html#Idolatry')">The Idolatry of the Creature Due to Impurity</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Unchaste Thoughts and Desires.html')">Moral Teaching on Unchaste Thoughts and Desires and Prayers to Overcome Temptations</option> <option value="Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Sacrament of Penance</option> <option value="Confession Q and A.html">The Sacrament of Penance, All of Your Questions Answered</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Confession.html')">On the Benefits of a Good Confession</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Turning from Sin.html')">Two Short Sermons: <br>On Turning from Sin to God <br> The Sentiments of a Penitent Sinner</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Relapse into Sin popup.html')">Causes of Relapse into Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Preparation_Repentance_Confession.html')"> On the Preparation Necessary to <br>Make a Good Confession<br><br> On Motives for Repentance and Contrition <br>Necessary for a Good Confession</option> <option value="Self-Examination.html">The Necessity of Self-Examination</option> <option value="Examine 9.html">The Seven Deadly Sins, Nine Ways to Being an Accessory to Another's Sin, Sins Against the Holy Spirit</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Exposition on the Sixth Commandment.html')">The Sixth Commandment: Explained by St. Thomas Aquinas</option> <option value="Ritual%20of%20the%20Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Rite of Confession </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Thirteenth Sunday After Pentecost.html#General Confession')">General Confession</option> <option value="The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin Liguori.html">The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin<br>by St. Alphonsus Liguori</option> <option value="Contrition.html">Contrition</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment.html')">Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment</option> <option value="False Peace Sinful Conscience.html">The False Peace of a Sinful Conscience, by Fr. Hunolt, 1691-1746</option> <option value="Render Our Account.html">Render an Account of Your Life: A Must Read for Every Soul </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Sinner seeks God.html')">The Sinner will Seek God at Death</option> <option value="St. Alphonsu the number of sins.html">On the Number of Sins, by St. Aphonsus Di Liguori</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="Penitent%27s%20Prayer.html">Penitent's Consolation</option> <option value="Sin.html">The Nature of Sin</option> <option value="Folly of Sin.html">The Folly of Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Venial Sins.html')">On Not Making Light of Venial Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Multitude_of_Sins.html')">On the Multitude of Our Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Mortal Sin.html')"><br>On the Horror of Mortal Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Spiritual Murder.html')">On Spiritual Murder</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Thursday_First_Week_Lent.html')">Examination of Our Duties <br>and State of Life</option> <option value="Conscience.html">Conscience</option> <option value="Ten%20Commandments%20Index.html">Index of the Ten Commandments</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners.html')">The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners</option> <option value="The Sinners Guide.html">The Sinner's Guide <br>by Ven. Louis of Granada, O.P.</option> <option value="Childrens Confession.html">Catholic Instruction for Children for the Sacrament of Penance, 1897</option> </option></select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">St. Hedwig, Widow</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">O</font> God, Who didst teach blessed Hedwig to renounce the pomps of this world with all her heart so that she might humbly follow Thy cross: grant that, through her example and merits, we may learn to trample under foot the perishable delights of this world, and by clinging to Thy cross, may overcome all thins that war against us. Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.    Amen.<br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Hedwig was the wife of Henry, Duke of Silesia and Poland, and the mother of six children. To one of her sisters, married to the King of Hungary, was born the future Saint Elizabeth of Hungary; another was the wife of Philip-Augustus of France, and the third, Abbess of a celebrated monastery at Lutzingen. Saint Hedwig led a humble, austere, and holy life amid all the pomp of her royal state. While still young, she and her spouse made a solemn vow of chastity, ratified by their bishop. Her house was a school of piety and good order; with Duke Henry she built the large monastery of Trebnitz, where she placed nuns of the Order of Citeaux.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">I</font>nspired by these holy examples, the Secretary of State of the Duke and Duchess left the court and dedicated all his wealth to the construction of a Cistercian monastery, which he then entered, to spend there the rest of his life.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Hedwig attended to the needs of all the monasteries and the hermits of the region, visiting them herself and taking them clothing, food and all she judged necessary. She visited prisoners and saw that they did not suffer from the cold or from lack of light. She cared for the poor and served them herself in her residence. On Holy Thursday she washed the feet of several lepers, remembering the lessons of Our Saviour. She fasted often and walked barefoot in the snow when she prayed; she slept on the ground.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">D</font>evotion to the Blessed Sacrament was the keynote of her life. She considered it her very great privilege to supply the bread and wine for the Sacred Mysteries, and each morning would attend as many Masses as were celebrated. After the death of her husband in 1238, she retired to the Cistercian convent of Trebnitz, where she lived under obedience to her daughter Gertrude, abbess of that monastery, growing day by day in holiness, until God called her to Himself in the year 1243. She was canonized twenty-four years later, by Pope Clement IV. This Pontiff, during the ceremony of her canonization, asked God through her intercession to cure a girl who was blind, and the cure was immediately effected. Saint Hedwig is buried in the church of Trebnitz. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">November 15th, St. Albert the Great, Bishop, Confessor and Doctor of the Church</font> <br><br> <img src="Albert_Great_Miniature.jpg"> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Litany St. Albert.html')">St. Albert the Great</a> <a href="St. Albert the Great Book.html">Albert the Great, His Life and Scholastic Labours, 1876</a> <br><br> <a href="November_Poor_Souls_MP.html">Links for Prayers and Devotions to the Poor Souls during the month of November</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Visit the Grave_Zollner.html">Why Catholics are obligated to visit their loved ones at the cemetery</a> <a href="The Cry of the Souls_Zollner.html">The Cry of the Souls in <br>Purgatory to us</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Where is Purgatory.html')">Where is Purgatory</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">St. Albert the Great, Bishop, Confessor and Doctor of the Church</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> God, Who didst make Blessed Albert, Thy Bishop and Doctor, great through subordinating human wisdom to divine faith: grant, we beseech Thee, that we may keep so firmly in the path of his authoritative teaching that we may enjoy perfect light in heaven. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> V. The Lord loved him and adorned him. <br><br> R. He clothed him with a robe of glory. <br><br> Ant. O excellent Doctor, light of holy Church, blessed Albert, lover of the divine law, pray unto the Son of God for us. <br><br> (Roman Breviary) </i> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 15th, St. Teresa, Virgin</font> <br><br> <img src="10.15.09.jpg"> <br><br> <a href="Immaculate%20Heart%20of%20Mary.html#OLS">Our Lady's Saturday</a> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</a> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#First Saturday">Five First Saturdays</a> <a href="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary; Fatima and the Rosary</a> <a href="Remodel_your_home.html">Remodel Your Home After Mary's Heart</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Manning_Revolt_Society.html')">The Revolt of Society from God</a> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Teresa of Avila.html')">St. Teresa of Avila</a> <a href="The Spirit of St. Teresa.html">The Spirit of St. Teresa</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Teresa of Avila combat with Satan.html')"> St. Teresa of Avila's combat with Satan & encounter with hell</a> <a href="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Second_Week_Lent_Prayer.html')">Short Sermons on Prayer: <br>Necessity of Prayer <br>Attention in Prayer <br>Conditions of Prayer <br>Fervour in Prayer <br>Mental Prayer </a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>During this month of October, <br>please visit the links dedicated <br>to the Rosary and Our Lady</i><br><br> <form> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <option value="Index.html">The Rosary & Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</option> <option value="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the Recitation of the Rosary</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Prayers of Our Ladyof the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</option> <option value="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</option> <option value="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</option> <option value="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</option> <option value="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</option> <option value="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</option> <option value="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Ave Maris Stella.html">Ave Maris Stella</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</option> <option value="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Ransom.html')">Our Lady of Ransom</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</option> <option value="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Annunciation Weninger.html')">Sermons of Fr. Weninger for the Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Annunciation.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of the Annunciation</option> <option value="Purification.html">The Purification of the Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('The Humility of Mary.html')">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <option value="Assumption.html">The Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Weninger Sermons.html')">Octave of the Assumption 3 Sermons by Fr.Weninger</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Assumption by St. Alphonsus.html')">The Dormition and Assumption of the B.V.M.</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Life of Mary Litany.html')"> Assumption: Additional Prayers and Devotions</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Vigil of the Assumption.html')">Vigil of the Assumption</option> <option value="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queenship of Mary popup.html')">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Octave Gueranger.html')">2nd - 4th Days within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Octave of the Immaculate Conception Weninger.html')"> Octave of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</option> <option value="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary The Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</option> <option value="Presentation of Mary.html">I. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Seven Dolors.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   I.</option> <option value="Sorrowful Mother.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   II.</option> <option value="Novena of the Seven Sorrows.html">Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Seven Dolours Sermon.html')">Our Lady of Sorrows</option> <option value="The Sweetness of the Name of Mary.html">The Sweetness of theName of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Novena in Honor of the Holy Name of Mary and Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Holy Name of Mary.html">The Holy Name of Mary</option> <option value="Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">The Nativity of the BlessedVirgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Novena.html')">Novena of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">The Feast of the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Novena.html')">Novena for the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Snows.html')">Our Lady of the Snows </option> <option value="Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Novena Our Lady of Mount Carmel.html">Novena to Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Feast of the Scapular.html">The Feast of the Scapular</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy House of Loretto</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Carmel popup.html')">History of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Queenship of Mary.html">The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary </option> <option value="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</option> <option value="Lourdes Novena.html">Novena in Honor of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Bernadette</option> <option value="Lourdes a History.html">In Defense of the Miracles of Lourdes, A History of Its Apparitions and Cures</option> <option value="Bernadette_Sequel.html">Inspirational Account of the Life of St. Bernadette and the Apparition of Lourdes</option> <option value="La Salette.html">Our Lady of La Salette</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</option> <option value="Mary Help of Christians.html">Mary Help of Christians</option> <option value="Our Lady of Perpetual Help.html">Perpetual Help</option> <option value="Immaculate Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary popup.html">Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="A Short Treatise on the Scapular.html">The Confraternity of Our Blessed Lady of Mount Carmel called the Scapular, 1850</option> <option value="Our Lady of Good Counsel.html">Our Lady of Good Counsel: Prayers, Litany and Book, "The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel"</option> <option value="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</option> <option value="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</option> <option value="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim and St. Anne, 1859</option> <option value="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal the Origin and History</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> </select> </form> <br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">St. Teresa of Avila, Virgin</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">G</font>raciously hear us, O God our salvation: and grant that we who are gladdened by the festival of blessed Teresa, Thy Virgin, may be fed with the food of her heavenly teaching, and may learn from her, loving devotion to Thee. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.    Amen.<br><br> <i> V. Grace is poured out on thy lips. <br><br> R. Therefore hath God blessed thee forever. <br><br> Ant. Come, Spouse of Christ, receive the crown, which the Lord hath prepared for thee for all eternity. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">"B</font>y their fruits you will know them," says Our Lord of those who claim to be His followers. The fruits which remain of the life, labors and prayer of Saint Teresa of Avila bear to her virtue a living and enduring testimony which none can refuse to admit. She herself wrote her life and many other celebrated spiritual works, and much more can still be said of this soul of predilection, whose writings and examples have led so many souls to high sanctity.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">B</font>orn in 1515 in the kingdom of Castile in Spain, she was the youngest child of a virtuous nobleman. When she was seven years old, Teresa fled from her home with one of her young brothers, in the hope of going to Africa and receiving the palm of martyrdom. Brought back and asked the reason for her flight, she replied: "I want to see God, and I must die before I can see Him." She then began, with her same brother, Rodriguez, to build a hermitage in the garden, and was often heard repeating: "Forever, forever!" She lost her mother at the age of twelve years, and was led by worldly companions into various frivolities. Her father decided to place her in a boarding convent, and she obeyed without any inclination for this kind of life. Grace came to her assistance with the good guidance of the Sisters, and she decided to enter religion in the Carmelite monastery of the Incarnation at Avila.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">F</font>or a time frivolous conversations there, too, checked her progress toward perfection, but finally in her thirty-first year, she abandoned herself entirely to God. A vision showed her the very place in hell to which her apparently light faults would have led her, and she was told by Our Lord that all her conversation must be with heaven. Ever afterwards she lived in the deepest distrust of herself. When she was named Prioress against her will at the monastery of the Incarnation, she succeeded in conciliating even the most hostile hearts by placing a statue of Our Lady in the seat she would ordinarily have occupied, to preside over the Community.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">G</font>od enlightened her to understand that He desired the reform of her Order, and her heart was pierced with divine love. The Superior General gave her full permission to found as many houses as might become feasible. She dreaded nothing so much as delusion in the decisions she would make in difficult situations; we can well understand this, knowing she founded seventeen convents for the Sisters, and that fifteen others for the Fathers of the Reform were established during her lifetime, with the aid of Saint John of the Cross. To the end of her life she acted only under obedience to her confessors, and this practice both made her strong and preserved her from error. Journeying in those days was far from comfortable and even perilous, but nothing could stop the Saint from accomplishing the holy Will of God. When the cart was overturned one day and she had a broken leg, her sense of humor became very evident by her remark: "Dear Lord, if this is how You treat Your friends, it is no wonder You have so few!" She died October 4, 1582, and was canonized in 1622.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>he history of her mortal remains is as extraordinary as that of her life. After nine months in a wooden coffin, caved in from the excess weight above it, the body was perfectly conserved, though the clothing had rotted. A fine perfume it exuded spread throughout the entire monastery of the nuns, when they reclothed it. Parts of it were later removed as relics, including the heart showing the marks of the Transverberation, and her left arm. At the last exhumation in 1914, the body was found to remain in the same condition as when it was seen previously, still recognizable and very fragrant with the same intense perfume. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 14th, St. Callistus I, Pope and Martyr</font><br><br> <img src="10.14.09.jpg"> <br><br> <a href="Sacred Heart Enthronement.html">The Enthronement of the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <a href="Devotions to the Sacred Heart.html#Reparation">Act of Reparation to the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <a href="Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus.html">Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <br><br> <a href="Catholic Funeral.html">Catholic Burial of the Dead</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>During this month of October, <br>please visit the links dedicated <br>to the Rosary and Our Lady</i><br><br> <form> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <option value="Index.html">The Rosary/.Other Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</option> <option value="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the Recitation of the Rosary</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Prayers of Our Ladyof the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</option> <option value="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</option> <option value="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</option> <option value="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</option> <option value="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</option> <option value="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</option> <option value="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Ave Maris Stella.html">Ave Maris Stella</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</option> <option value="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Ransom.html')">Our Lady of Ransom</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</option> <option value="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Annunciation Weninger.html')">Sermons of Fr. Weninger for the Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Annunciation.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of the Annunciation</option> <option value="Purification.html">The Purification of the Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('The Humility of Mary.html')">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <option value="Assumption.html">The Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Weninger Sermons.html')">Octave of the Assumption 3 Sermons by Fr.Weninger</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Assumption by St. Alphonsus.html')">The Dormition and Assumption of the B.V.M.</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Life of Mary Litany.html')"> Assumption: Additional Prayers and Devotions</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Vigil of the Assumption.html')">Vigil of the Assumption</option> <option value="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queenship of Mary popup.html')">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Octave Gueranger.html')">2nd - 4th Days within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Octave of the Immaculate Conception Weninger.html')"> Octave of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</option> <option value="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary The Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</option> <option value="Presentation of Mary.html">I. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Seven Dolors.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   I.</option> <option value="Sorrowful Mother.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   II.</option> <option value="Novena of the Seven Sorrows.html">Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Seven Dolours Sermon.html')">Our Lady of Sorrows</option> <option value="The Sweetness of the Name of Mary.html">The Sweetness of theName of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Novena in Honor of the Holy Name of Mary and Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Holy Name of Mary.html">The Holy Name of Mary</option> <option value="Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">The Nativity of the BlessedVirgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Novena.html')">Novena of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">The Feast of the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Novena.html')">Novena for the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Snows.html')">Our Lady of the Snows </option> <option value="Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Novena Our Lady of Mount Carmel.html">Novena to Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Feast of the Scapular.html">The Feast of the Scapular</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy House of Loretto</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Carmel popup.html')">History of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Queenship of Mary.html">The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary </option> <option value="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</option> <option value="Lourdes Novena.html">Novena in Honor of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Bernadette</option> <option value="Lourdes a History.html">In Defense of the Miracles of Lourdes, A History of Its Apparitions and Cures</option> <option value="Bernadette_Sequel.html">Inspirational Account of the Life of St. Bernadette and the Apparition of Lourdes</option> <option value="La Salette.html">Our Lady of La Salette</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</option> <option value="Mary Help of Christians.html">Mary Help of Christians</option> <option value="Our Lady of Perpetual Help.html">Perpetual Help</option> <option value="Immaculate Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary popup.html">Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="A Short Treatise on the Scapular.html">The Confraternity of Our Blessed Lady of Mount Carmel called the Scapular, 1850</option> <option value="Our Lady of Good Counsel.html">Our Lady of Good Counsel: Prayers, Litany and Book, "The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel"</option> <option value="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</option> <option value="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</option> <option value="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim and St. Anne, 1859</option> <option value="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal the Origin and History</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">St. Callistus I, Pope and Martyr</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">O</font> God Who seest that we fall from our very own weakness; mercifully restore us to Thy love by the example of Thy Saints. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.    Amen.<br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">E</font>arly in the third century, it was to Callistus, then a deacon, that Pope Saint Zephyrinus confided the government of the clergy, as well as the creation and maintenance of the Christian cemeteries, which at that time were the catacombs of Rome. At the death of the Sovereign Pontiff, Callistus succeeded him as Head of the Church.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">I</font>t is he who made obligatory for the entire Church, the fast of the Ember Days which the Apostles had instituted, to bring down blessings on each season of the year. During his time, the Christians began to build churches, which though destroyed during the various persecutions, were eventually rebuilt. Among the catacombs owed to his government, is the one on the Appian Way which bears his name. Many precious memories are conserved there; in it are found the tomb of Saint Cecilia, the crypts of several popes, and paintings which attest the perfect conformity of the primitive Faith with that of the present-day Church.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">D</font>uring the pontificate of Saint Callistus, several very striking conversions occurred among the very officers of the persecuting emperor Alexander Severus. At one time an officer, his family and household, forty-two persons in all, were baptized by the Pope on the same day. Many others asked him for Baptism; among them a Senator and sixty-eight persons of his household, and a guardian of the saintly Pope, whose name was Privatus, after the prayers of the Holy Father had cured him of an ulcer. All these new Christians were martyred, and their heads were exposed at the various gates of Rome to discourage any who would propagate the Faith of Christ in that city. Despite the continuing pursuits and his constant solicitude for all the churches, Saint Callistus found the means to have a diligent search made by fishermen for the body of a priest of his clergy, which had been cast into the Tiber after his martyrdom. When it was found he was filled with joy, and buried it with hymns of praise.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">D</font>uring the persecution Saint Callistus was obliged to take shelter in the poor and populous quarters of the city. The martyred priest, Calipodius, appeared to him soon afterwards, saying: "Father, take courage; the hour of the reward is approaching; your crown will be proportionate to your sufferings." Soon afterwards he was discovered there, and the house was guarded by soldiers who received the order to allow no food to enter it for several days. And Saint Callistus was martyred in his turn. With a rock suspended from his neck, he was thrown from a window into a well on October 14, 223. The priest Asterius recovered and buried his body in the catacomb named for Calipodius. A week later Asterius too was arrested and thrown into the Tiber. The Christians interred this martyr also. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 13th, St. Edward, King and Confessor. </font><br><br> <img src="10.13.09.jpg"><br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Edward the Confessor.html')">St. Edward King, Confessor</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('The Virtue of Chastity.html')"> Prayers for the Preservation of Chastity. An Explanation and Defense of the Virtue of Chastity</a> <a href="The Art of Dying Well.html">The Art of Dying Well <br>by St. Robert Bellarmine</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">St. Edward, King and Confessor</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">O</font> God Who hast crowned the blessed king Edward, Thy Confessor, with the glory of eternal life: make us, we beseech Thee, so to honor him on earth that we may be able to reign with him in heaven. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.    Amen.<br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Edward, son of King Ethelred, whose kingdom of England fell to the Danish invaders, was unexpectedly raised to the throne of England in 1041, at the age of forty years. God had shown Edward to a pious bishop in a vision, as England's King, anointed by Saint Peter: "Behold the one who will be King through My favor; he will be cherished by heaven, agreeable to men, terrible to his enemies, loving to his subjects, very useful to the Church of God." The English people, tired of being governed by a foreign domination, decided in 1041 to reinstate the surviving son of their legitimate sovereign, and under the leadership of three noblemen, succeeded in crowning Edward on Easter Sunday of the year 1042. Edward had spent twenty-seven years of his forty in exile in Normandy, in the palace of his maternal uncle.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">W</font>hen he was raised to the throne, the virtues of his earlier years, simplicity, gentleness, humility and a tender charity, but above all his angelic purity, shone with new brightness. By a rare inspiration of God, though he married to content his nobles and people, he preserved perfect chastity in the wedded state. So little did he set his heart on riches, that three times when he saw a servant robbing his treasury, he let him escape, saying the poor man needed the gold more than he. He loved to stand at his palace-gate, speaking kindly to the poor beggars and lepers who crowded about him, and many of whom he healed of their diseases. The people rejoiced in having a Saint for their king.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">L</font>ong wars had brought the kingdom to a sad state, but Edward's zeal and sanctity soon wrought a great change. His reign of twenty-four years was one of almost unbroken peace. He undertook only one war, which was victorious, to reinstate Malcolm, legitimate king of Scotland. The country grew prosperous, the ruined churches rose again under his hand, the weak lived secure, and for ages afterwards men spoke with affection of the "laws of good Saint Edward." The holy king delighted in building and enriching churches; Westminster Abbey was his last and noblest work.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">H</font>e had a particular devotion to the holy Apostles Saint Peter and Saint John the Evangelist, and had made a promise never to refuse an alms asked in the name of the latter. One day when he had no money with him, a poor man reached out his hand in the name of the Apostle, and the king gave him a valuable ring he was wearing. Some time later, Saint John appeared to two pilgrims returning from the Holy Land. He gave them a ring and said: "Take it to the king; he gave it to me one day when I asked for an alms in the habit of a pilgrim. Tell him that in six months I will visit him and take him with me, to follow the unblemished Lamb." The King received it from them after hearing their relation of this incident, and broke into tears. And Edward did indeed die six months later, on January 5, 1066. Many miracles occurred at his tomb. In 1102 his body was exhumed and found intact and flexible, with its habits perfectly preserved also, appearing to be new. He was canonized in 1161 by Pope Alexander III. <br><br><br><br> <A NAME="Fatima"style="border-style: none"/></a> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">October 13th, Anniversary of the Final Apparition of Our Lady of Fatima</font> <br><br> <img src="05.13.11B.jpg"> <br><br> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</a> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</a> <a href="Marys Fatima Message.html">Mary's Fatima Message. Peace and Devotions by Fr. Lovasik, 1955</a> <a href="Fatima Book.html">Fatima: Peace on Earth; A Catholic Russia; Peace of Mind</a> <a href="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart of Mary</a> <a href="The Sight of Hell.html">The Sight of Hell, A Book for Children and Young Persons as well as Adults</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners.html')">The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</a> <a href="Conversion by Reverend Hayes.html"> True Conversion: One of the best sermons for hardened sinners</a> <a href="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Angelus_2019.html')">The Angelus: Prayer, Explanation, Indulgences</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>During this month of October, <br>please visit the links dedicated <br>to the Rosary and Our Lady</i><br><br> <form> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <option value="Index.html">The Rosary/.Other Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</option> <option value="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the Recitation of the Rosary</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Prayers of Our Ladyof the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</option> <option value="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</option> <option value="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</option> <option value="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</option> <option value="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</option> <option value="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</option> <option value="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Ave Maris Stella.html">Ave Maris Stella</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</option> <option value="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Ransom.html')">Our Lady of Ransom</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</option> <option value="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Annunciation Weninger.html')">Sermons of Fr. Weninger for the Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Annunciation.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of the Annunciation</option> <option value="Purification.html">The Purification of the Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('The Humility of Mary.html')">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <option value="Assumption.html">The Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Weninger Sermons.html')">Octave of the Assumption 3 Sermons by Fr.Weninger</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Assumption by St. Alphonsus.html')">The Dormition and Assumption of the B.V.M.</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Life of Mary Litany.html')"> Assumption: Additional Prayers and Devotions</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Vigil of the Assumption.html')">Vigil of the Assumption</option> <option value="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queenship of Mary popup.html')">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Octave Gueranger.html')">2nd - 4th Days within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Octave of the Immaculate Conception Weninger.html')"> Octave of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</option> <option value="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary The Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</option> <option value="Presentation of Mary.html">I. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Seven Dolors.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   I.</option> <option value="Sorrowful Mother.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   II.</option> <option value="Novena of the Seven Sorrows.html">Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Seven Dolours Sermon.html')">Our Lady of Sorrows</option> <option value="The Sweetness of the Name of Mary.html">The Sweetness of theName of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Novena in Honor of the Holy Name of Mary and Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Holy Name of Mary.html">The Holy Name of Mary</option> <option value="Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">The Nativity of the BlessedVirgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Novena.html')">Novena of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">The Feast of the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Novena.html')">Novena for the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Snows.html')">Our Lady of the Snows </option> <option value="Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Novena Our Lady of Mount Carmel.html">Novena to Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Feast of the Scapular.html">The Feast of the Scapular</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy House of Loretto</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Carmel popup.html')">History of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Queenship of Mary.html">The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary </option> <option value="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</option> <option value="Lourdes Novena.html">Novena in Honor of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Bernadette</option> <option value="Lourdes a History.html">In Defense of the Miracles of Lourdes, A History of Its Apparitions and Cures</option> <option value="Bernadette_Sequel.html">Inspirational Account of the Life of St. Bernadette and the Apparition of Lourdes</option> <option value="La Salette.html">Our Lady of La Salette</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</option> <option value="Mary Help of Christians.html">Mary Help of Christians</option> <option value="Our Lady of Perpetual Help.html">Perpetual Help</option> <option value="Immaculate Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary popup.html">Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="A Short Treatise on the Scapular.html">The Confraternity of Our Blessed Lady of Mount Carmel called the Scapular, 1850</option> <option value="Our Lady of Good Counsel.html">Our Lady of Good Counsel: Prayers, Litany and Book, "The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel"</option> <option value="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</option> <option value="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</option> <option value="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim and St. Anne, 1859</option> <option value="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal the Origin and History</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>Related links for the Sacrament of Penance</i> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Preparation_Repentance_Confession.html')"> On the Preparation Necessary to Make a Good Confession<br><br> On Motives for Repentance and Contrition Necessary for a Good Confession</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Confession.html')"> On the Benefits of a Good Confession</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Spiritual Murder.html')"> On Spiritual Murder</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</a> <a href="Childrens Confession.html">Catholic Instruction for Children for the Sacrament of Penance, 1897</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Relapse into Sin popup.html')">Causes of Relapse into Sin</a> <a href="Contrition_Perfect_Contrition.html">Contrition: Explanation of Perfect Contrition and the Necessity of Contrition for Forgiveness of Sins</a> <a href="The Penitent Christian.html">The Penitent Christian</a> <a href="The Prodigal Son, the Sinner's Return to God.html">The Prodigal Son, the Sinner's Return to God</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('On the Vice of Impurity.html#Idolatry')">The Idolatry of the Creature Due to Impurity</a> <a href="Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Sacrament of Penance</a> <a href="Confession Q and A.html">The Sacrament of Penance, All of Your Questions Answered</a> <a href="Examine%20Index.html">Examination of Conscience</a> <a href="Ritual%20of%20the%20Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Rite of Confession </a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Seal of Confession.html')">The Seal of Confession</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Thirteenth Sunday After Pentecost.html#General Confession')">General Confession</a> <a href="After Confession.html">Prayers and Devotions After Confession</a> <a href="The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin Liguori.html">The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin<br>by St. Alphonsus Liguori</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Temptation_Discouragement.html')">On the Use of Temptations and How to Overcome Discouragement</a> <a href="Contrition.html">Contrition</a> <a href="False Peace Sinful Conscience.html">The False Peace of a Sinful Conscience, by Fr. Hunolt, 1691-1746</a> <a href="Render Our Account.html">Render an Account of Your Life: A Must Read for Every Soul </a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Trifling_with_God.html')">Trifling with God and How to Become Masters of Ourselves</a> <a href="Conversion by Reverend Hayes.html">True Conversion: One of the best sermons for hardened sinners</a> <a href="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</a> <a href="Penitent%27s%20Prayer.html">Penitent's Consolation</a> <a href="Sin.html">The Nature of Sin</a> <a href="Folly of Sin.html">The Folly of Sin</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Root.html')">The Root of All Sin</a> <a href="The Sin Unto Death.html">The Sin Unto Death<br>by Cardinal Manning</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Mortal Sin popup.html')">Mortal Sin</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Mortal Sin.html')">On the Horror of Mortal Sin</a> <a href="Conscience.html">Conscience</a> <a href="Ten%20Commandments%20Index.html">Index of the Ten Commandments</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. John Vianney Sermon on the Priesthood and Confession.html')">St. John Vianney: Sermon on Confession and the Priesthood</a> <a href="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners.html')">The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners</a> <a href="Necessity of Prayer 2017.html">On Prayer and Its Necessity</a> <a href="Litany Magdalen.html#Litany of Penance">Litany of Penance</a> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 12th, Ferial Day</font> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Christian_Peace_and_Perseverance.html')">On the Piece of a Christian and On Perseverance in Good</a> <a href="Prayers for Peace.html">Prayers for Peace</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Final Perseverance.html')">Final Perseverance</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <br><br> <a href="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</a> <a href="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the <br>Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>During this month of October, <br>please visit the links dedicated <br>to the Rosary and Our Lady</i><br><br> <form> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <option value="Index.html">The Rosary/.Other Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</option> <option value="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the Recitation of the Rosary</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Prayers of Our Ladyof the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</option> <option value="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</option> <option value="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</option> <option value="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</option> <option value="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</option> <option value="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</option> <option value="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Ave Maris Stella.html">Ave Maris Stella</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</option> <option value="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Ransom.html')">Our Lady of Ransom</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</option> <option value="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Annunciation Weninger.html')">Sermons of Fr. Weninger for the Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Annunciation.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of the Annunciation</option> <option value="Purification.html">The Purification of the Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('The Humility of Mary.html')">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <option value="Assumption.html">The Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Weninger Sermons.html')">Octave of the Assumption 3 Sermons by Fr.Weninger</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Assumption by St. Alphonsus.html')">The Dormition and Assumption of the B.V.M.</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Life of Mary Litany.html')"> Assumption: Additional Prayers and Devotions</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Vigil of the Assumption.html')">Vigil of the Assumption</option> <option value="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queenship of Mary popup.html')">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Octave Gueranger.html')">2nd - 4th Days within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Octave of the Immaculate Conception Weninger.html')"> Octave of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</option> <option value="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary The Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</option> <option value="Presentation of Mary.html">I. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Seven Dolors.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   I.</option> <option value="Sorrowful Mother.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   II.</option> <option value="Novena of the Seven Sorrows.html">Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Seven Dolours Sermon.html')">Our Lady of Sorrows</option> <option value="The Sweetness of the Name of Mary.html">The Sweetness of theName of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Novena in Honor of the Holy Name of Mary and Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Holy Name of Mary.html">The Holy Name of Mary</option> <option value="Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">The Nativity of the BlessedVirgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Novena.html')">Novena of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">The Feast of the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Novena.html')">Novena for the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Snows.html')">Our Lady of the Snows </option> <option value="Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Novena Our Lady of Mount Carmel.html">Novena to Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Feast of the Scapular.html">The Feast of the Scapular</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy House of Loretto</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Carmel popup.html')">History of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Queenship of Mary.html">The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary </option> <option value="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</option> <option value="Lourdes Novena.html">Novena in Honor of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Bernadette</option> <option value="Lourdes a History.html">In Defense of the Miracles of Lourdes, A History of Its Apparitions and Cures</option> <option value="Bernadette_Sequel.html">Inspirational Account of the Life of St. Bernadette and the Apparition of Lourdes</option> <option value="La Salette.html">Our Lady of La Salette</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</option> <option value="Mary Help of Christians.html">Mary Help of Christians</option> <option value="Our Lady of Perpetual Help.html">Perpetual Help</option> <option value="Immaculate Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary popup.html">Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="A Short Treatise on the Scapular.html">The Confraternity of Our Blessed Lady of Mount Carmel called the Scapular, 1850</option> <option value="Our Lady of Good Counsel.html">Our Lady of Good Counsel: Prayers, Litany and Book, "The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel"</option> <option value="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</option> <option value="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</option> <option value="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim and St. Anne, 1859</option> <option value="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal the Origin and History</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>Related links for the Sacrament of Penance</i> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Preparation_Repentance_Confession.html')"> On the Preparation Necessary to Make a Good Confession<br><br> On Motives for Repentance and Contrition Necessary for a Good Confession</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Confession.html')"> On the Benefits of a Good Confession</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Spiritual Murder.html')"> On Spiritual Murder</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</a> <a href="Childrens Confession.html">Catholic Instruction for Children for the Sacrament of Penance, 1897</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Relapse into Sin popup.html')">Causes of Relapse into Sin</a> <a href="Contrition_Perfect_Contrition.html">Contrition: Explanation of Perfect Contrition and the Necessity of Contrition for Forgiveness of Sins</a> <a href="The Penitent Christian.html">The Penitent Christian</a> <a href="The Prodigal Son, the Sinner's Return to God.html">The Prodigal Son, the Sinner's Return to God</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('On the Vice of Impurity.html#Idolatry')">The Idolatry of the Creature Due to Impurity</a> <a href="Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Sacrament of Penance</a> <a href="Confession Q and A.html">The Sacrament of Penance, All of Your Questions Answered</a> <a href="Examine%20Index.html">Examination of Conscience</a> <a href="Ritual%20of%20the%20Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Rite of Confession </a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Seal of Confession.html')">The Seal of Confession</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Thirteenth Sunday After Pentecost.html#General Confession')">General Confession</a> <a href="After Confession.html">Prayers and Devotions After Confession</a> <a href="The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin Liguori.html">The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin<br>by St. Alphonsus Liguori</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Temptation_Discouragement.html')">On the Use of Temptations and How to Overcome Discouragement</a> <a href="Contrition.html">Contrition</a> <a href="False Peace Sinful Conscience.html">The False Peace of a Sinful Conscience, by Fr. Hunolt, 1691-1746</a> <a href="Render Our Account.html">Render an Account of Your Life: A Must Read for Every Soul </a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Trifling_with_God.html')">Trifling with God and How to Become Masters of Ourselves</a> <a href="Conversion by Reverend Hayes.html">True Conversion: One of the best sermons for hardened sinners</a> <a href="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</a> <a href="Penitent%27s%20Prayer.html">Penitent's Consolation</a> <a href="Sin.html">The Nature of Sin</a> <a href="Folly of Sin.html">The Folly of Sin</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Root.html')">The Root of All Sin</a> <a href="The Sin Unto Death.html">The Sin Unto Death<br>by Cardinal Manning</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Mortal Sin popup.html')">Mortal Sin</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Mortal Sin.html')">On the Horror of Mortal Sin</a> <a href="Conscience.html">Conscience</a> <a href="Ten%20Commandments%20Index.html">Index of the Ten Commandments</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. John Vianney Sermon on the Priesthood and Confession.html')">St. John Vianney: Sermon on Confession and the Priesthood</a> <a href="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners.html')">The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners</a> <a href="Necessity of Prayer 2017.html">On Prayer and Its Necessity</a> <a href="Litany Magdalen.html#Litany of Penance">Litany of Penance</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">On devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</font><br> <i>by St. Alphonsus Di Liguori</i><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">J</font>esus is the mediator of justice, Mary obtains for us grace; for as St. Bernard, St. Bonaventure, St. Bernardin of Sienna, St. Germanus, St. Antoninus and others say, it is the will of God to dispense, through the hands of Mary, whatever graces He is pleased to bestow upon us. With God the prayers of the saints are the prayers of His friends, but the prayers of Mary are the prayers of His mother. Happy they who confidently and at all times have recourse to this divine mother! This of all others is the most pleasing devotion to the Blessed Virgin, ever to have recourse to her and to say: O Mary, intercede for me with your Son Jesus.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">J</font>esus is omnipotent by nature; Mary is very powerful by grace; she obtains whatever she asks for. It is impossible, says St. Antoninus, that this mother should ask any favour of her Son for those who are devout to her, and the Son not grant her request. Jesus delights to honour His mother by granting whatever she asks of Him. Hence St. Bernard exhorts us to seek for grace, and to seek for it through Mary: because she is a mother who cannot be denied. If then we would be saved, let us recommend ourselves to Mary, that she may intercede for us, because her prayers are always heard. O mother of mercy, have pity on me. You are styled the advocate of sinners, assist me, therefore, a sinner placing my confidence in you.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">L</font>et us not doubt whether Mary will hear us when we address our prayers to her. It is her delight to exercise her powerful influence with God in obtaining for us whatever graces we stand in need of. It is sufficient to ask favours of Mary to obtain them. If we are unworthy of them, she renders us worthy, by her powerful intercession; and she is very desirous that we should have recourse to her, that she may save us. What sinner ever perished, who, with confidence and perseverance, had recourse to Mary, the refuge of sinners? He is lost who has not recourse to Mary. O Mary, my mother and my hope, I take refuge under your protection; reject me not as I have deserved. Protect me and have pity on me, a miserable sinner. Obtain for me the forgiveness of my sins; obtain for me holy perseverance, the love of God, a good death, and a happy eternity. I hope all things of you, because you are most powerful with God. Make me holy, since you have it in your power to do so, by your holy intercession. O Mary, in you do I confide, in you do I place all my hopes, next to your divine Son Jesus.<br><br> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 11th, The Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</font><br><br> <A NAME="Maternity"style="border-style: none"/></a> <img src="Maternity of Mary.jpg"><br><br> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</a> <a href="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary<br>The Mother of God</a> <a href="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Children Sermon_Maternity of Mary.html')">Children's Sermon on the Maternity of Mary</a> <a href="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Benefits of the Incarnation.html')">Two Short Sermons on the Benefits from the Incarnation</a> <a href="October 11th.html">October Meditations on the Holy Angels</a> <br><br> <i>Related Links to the Maternity of Mary</i><br><br> <a href="Full of Grace_2018.html">Mary, Full of Grace</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <a href="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <a href="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim <br>and St. Anne, 1859</a> <a href="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Litany of Loreto and Litany of Our Lady of Angels</a> <a href="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</a> <a href="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</a> <a href="Joyful.html">Joyful Mysteries</a> <a href="Sorrowful.html">Sorrowful Mysteries</a> <a href="Glorious.html">Glorious Mysteries</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <a href="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</a> <a href="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('A Mothers Prayers.html')">A Mother's Prayer for the Conversion of her child</a> <a href="Religious and Moral Training of Children.html">Religious and Moral <br>         Training of Children</a> <a href="Instructions%20for%20the%20Catholic%20Family.html">Instructions for the Catholic Family</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>During this month of October, <br>please visit the links dedicated <br>to the Rosary and Our Lady</i><br><br> <form> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <option value="Index.html">The Rosary/ Other Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</option> <option value="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the Recitation of the Rosary</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Prayers of Our Ladyof the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</option> <option value="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</option> <option value="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</option> <option value="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</option> <option value="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</option> <option value="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</option> <option value="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Ave Maris Stella.html">Ave Maris Stella</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</option> <option value="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Ransom.html')">Our Lady of Ransom</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</option> <option value="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Annunciation Weninger.html')">Sermons of Fr. Weninger for the Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Annunciation.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of the Annunciation</option> <option value="Purification.html">The Purification of the Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('The Humility of Mary.html')">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <option value="Assumption.html">The Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Weninger Sermons.html')">Octave of the Assumption 3 Sermons by Fr.Weninger</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Assumption by St. Alphonsus.html')">The Dormition and Assumption of the B.V.M.</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Life of Mary Litany.html')"> Assumption: Additional Prayers and Devotions</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Vigil of the Assumption.html')">Vigil of the Assumption</option> <option value="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queenship of Mary popup.html')">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Octave Gueranger.html')">2nd - 4th Days within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Octave of the Immaculate Conception Weninger.html')"> Octave of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</option> <option value="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary The Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</option> <option value="Presentation of Mary.html">I. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Seven Dolors.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   I.</option> <option value="Sorrowful Mother.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   II.</option> <option value="Novena of the Seven Sorrows.html">Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Seven Dolours Sermon.html')">Our Lady of Sorrows</option> <option value="The Sweetness of the Name of Mary.html">The Sweetness of theName of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Novena in Honor of the Holy Name of Mary and Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Holy Name of Mary.html">The Holy Name of Mary</option> <option value="Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">The Nativity of the BlessedVirgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Novena.html')">Novena of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">The Feast of the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Novena.html')">Novena for the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Snows.html')">Our Lady of the Snows </option> <option value="Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Novena Our Lady of Mount Carmel.html">Novena to Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Feast of the Scapular.html">The Feast of the Scapular</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy House of Loretto</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Carmel popup.html')">History of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Queenship of Mary.html">The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary </option> <option value="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</option> <option value="Lourdes Novena.html">Novena in Honor of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Bernadette</option> <option value="Lourdes a History.html">In Defense of the Miracles of Lourdes, A History of Its Apparitions and Cures</option> <option value="Bernadette_Sequel.html">Inspirational Account of the Life of St. Bernadette and the Apparition of Lourdes</option> <option value="La Salette.html">Our Lady of La Salette</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</option> <option value="Mary Help of Christians.html">Mary Help of Christians</option> <option value="Our Lady of Perpetual Help.html">Perpetual Help</option> <option value="Immaculate Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary popup.html">Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="A Short Treatise on the Scapular.html">The Confraternity of Our Blessed Lady of Mount Carmel called the Scapular, 1850</option> <option value="Our Lady of Good Counsel.html">Our Lady of Good Counsel: Prayers, Litany and Book, "The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel"</option> <option value="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</option> <option value="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</option> <option value="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim and St. Anne, 1859</option> <option value="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal the Origin and History</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 11th, The Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">O</font> God, Who didst will that Thy Word should take flesh at the message of an Angel in the womb of the Blessed Virgin Mary: grant to us, Thy supplicants, that we, who believe her to be truly the Mother of God, may be helped by her intercession with Thee. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.    Amen.<br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">I</font>n 1931, in commemoration of the fifteenth centenary of the Council of Ephesus, Pope Pius XI decreed that henceforth in the entire Church a Feast in honor of the Motherhood of Mary should be established on the eleventh of October. The history behind the Feast is of interest. In 431, in Ephesus, a great council of the Bishops met in the Church of Mary, the Mother of God, to assert the Catholic faith in the Person of Jesus Christ, true God and true man. This was done to offset and denounce the false teaching of Nestorius, who asserted that Christ was a mere man but united to God. He taught that Jesus of Nazareth and the Word of God are two distinct persons. As a consequence of this teaching, it was held that Mary was only the mother of the human person, Christ. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">O</font>f course, the Council of Ephesus gave out the true teaching as we find it today, for example in the Anthanasian Creed: "This is true faith, to believe and confess that Our Lord Jesus Christ is God and man. Although at the same time God and man, yet He is one and the same Person." It follows from this, that Mary, in becoming the human mother of the Person Christ is the Mother of God. Pius XI commended mary and the Holy Family of Nazareth as models of the dignity and holiness of chaste wedlock, and as patterns of the holy education of youth. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 10th, St. Francis Borgia, Confessor</font><br><br> <img src="10.10.09.jpg"><br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Francis Borgia.html')">St. Francis Borgia, Confessor</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Sunday After Epiphany.html')">The Business of Life <br>and Vanity of Earthly Things</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Vianney The Bad Death.html')">The Bad Death</a> <a href="Death.html">Death and the Importance of Salvation</a> <a href="Meditations on Saving Your Soul.html">Meditations on Saving Your Soul: Will it be Heaven or Hell?</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Death-Bed Conversion.html')">Death-Bed Repentance</a> <a href="Little Office Advent Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, for the Season of Advent</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">St. Francis Borgia, Confessor</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">O</font> Lord Jesus Christ, the pattern and reward of true humility: we beseech Thee that, as blessed Francis was made to follow gloriously in Thy footsteps by spurning earthly honors, so thou wilt suffer us to become his companions both in following Thee and in his glory. Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.    Amen.<br><br> <i> Ant. I will liken him to a wise man that built his house upon a rock. <br><br> V. The Lord loved him and adorned him. <br><br> R. He clothed him with a robe of glory. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Francis Borgia, named for Francis of Assisi at his birth in 1510, was placed under the tutelage of his uncle, Archbishop of Saragossa, after the death of his mother when he was ten years old. Soon he had to go to the court of Spain, as he was destined to be one of the great lords of that nation. There he remained Christian, modest and virtuous. His noble and beautiful appearance soon brought upon him snares which he succeeded in escaping, setting for himself regimes of prayer and study to escape from the dangers. He wore a hair shirt, and never would enter into any of those games of chance which cause the loss not only of money but of time, the spirit of devotion, and peace of soul. The Empress arranged for him to marry Eleanor de Castro of Portugal, who like himself was very pious. They were blessed with eight children, five sons and three daughters, who continued to practice the virtue of their parents.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">H</font>aving become the Duke of Gandia after his father's death, he became one of the richest and most honored nobles in Spain. In 1539, there was laid upon him the sad duty of escorting the mortal remains of his once beautiful sovereign, the Empress Isabella, who had died still young, to the royal burial ground at Granada. The coffin had to be opened for him, that he might verify the body before it was placed in the tomb; and so unrecognizable, so astonishing a sight met his eyes that he vowed never again to serve any earthly sovereign, subject to so drastic and terrible a change.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">I</font>t was many years before he could follow the call of his Lord; the emperor named him Captain-General of Catalonia, and sent him to bring to justice a group of bandits who had ravaged the countryside. The poor found in him strong protection against oppression. Vices were banished by his ordinances; he endowed poor girls and assisted families ruined by misery and reversals; he delivered debtors from prisons by paying what they owed. He was in effect the very Christian Viceroy of the Emperor. Saint Francis was relieved of this duty when he asked the Emperor, after the death of his father, to return and govern his subjects at Gandia. In Gandia he again did much public good; he built monasteries, founded hospitals, helped the poor in every possible way. But suddenly, his wife was taken from him. He was told by God that this loss was for both his and her own advantage, and amid his tears he offered his own life and that of his children, if that would please the Eternal Master.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">A</font>fter making a retreat according to the Exercises of Saint Ignatius, under Blessed Peter Favre, he made the vows of a Jesuit privately until he could see to the establishment of his children. When he went to Rome with one of them, it was rumored he would be made a cardinal like two of his brothers. But he wished to avoid all dignities, and succeeded in doing so by leaving Rome as soon as possible. Saint Ignatius made him his Vicar General for Spain, Portugal, and the East Indies, and there was scarcely a city of Spain and Portugal where he did not establish colleges or houses of the Company of Jesus. At the death of Saint Ignatius two years later, the Order chose him to be its General. Then his journeys became countless; to narrate them all would be an impossibility.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>he Turks were threatening Christendom, and Pope Saint Pius V commissioned two cardinal-legates to go and assemble the European Christian princes into a league for its defense. The holy Pope chose Francis to accompany one of the Cardinals and, worn out as he was, the Saint obeyed at once. The fatigues of the embassy exhausted what little life was left to him. Saint Francis died in the same year as Saint Pius V, happy to do so in the service of God and the Church, when he returned to Rome in October, 1572. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">18th Sunday After Pentecost</font style><br><br> <img src="Eighteenth Sunday Miniature.jpg"> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Eighteenth Sunday After Pentecost.html')">18th Sunday After Pentecost: The Malady of Sin, Sacrilegious Confessions & Indulgences. Refutes Protestant objections to the Sacrament of Penance</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon 18th Sunday After Pentecost.html')">Children's Sermon for 18th Sunday After Pentecost</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Eighteenth Sunday After Pentecost_Gospel.html')">Eighteenth Sunday After Pentecost: Epistle and Gospel</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Health of the Sick.html')">Our Lady Health of the Sick</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Index for the Sick Pulpit Orator.html')">The Sickness of the Body is a Blessing to the Soul</a> <A NAME="GoffineMass"style="border-style: none"/></a> <A NAME="GoffineMassParts"style="border-style: none"/></a> <a href="Goffine_Mass_Parts.html">A Devout Guide to follow the Tridentine Latin Mass of Pope St. Pius V. Recommended for Those Who Cannot Attend Mass in Person. 18th Sunday After Pentecost</a> <a href="The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass.html">The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, Fr. O' Keeffe, 1891</a> <a href="Quo Primum.html">Papal Bull: Quo Primum, the Tridentine Mass for all Times</a> <a href="Why the Latin Mass.html">Why the Mass is in Latin</a> <a href="Catholic Worship.html">Catholic Worship, Explained</a> <a href="Mass at Home.html">Manner of Hearing Mass At Home: For those who on account of sickness, old age, or for other proper reasons cannot assist at holy Mass, especially on Sundays and Holidays</a> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 9th, St. Dionysius and Companions, Martyrs</font><br><br> <img src="10.09.09.jpg"> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Dionysius.html')">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th. He is invoked for tranquility of conscience and against demonic possession.</a> <a href="Index of the Holy Helpers.html">The Fourteen Holy Helpers</a> <a href="First.html">The 1st Commandment</a> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>During this month of October, <br>please visit the links dedicated <br>to the Rosary and Our Lady</i><br><br> <form><select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <option value="Index.html">The Rosary/.Other Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</option> <option value="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the Recitation of the Rosary</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Prayers of Our Ladyof the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</option> <option value="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</option> <option value="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</option> <option value="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</option> <option value="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</option> <option value="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</option> <option value="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Ave Maris Stella.html">Ave Maris Stella</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</option> <option value="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Ransom.html')">Our Lady of Ransom</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</option> <option value="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Annunciation Weninger.html')">Sermons of Fr. Weninger for the Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Annunciation.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of the Annunciation</option> <option value="Purification.html">The Purification of the Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('The Humility of Mary.html')">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <option value="Assumption.html">The Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Weninger Sermons.html')">Octave of the Assumption 3 Sermons by Fr.Weninger</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Assumption by St. Alphonsus.html')">The Dormition and Assumption of the B.V.M.</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Life of Mary Litany.html')"> Assumption: Additional Prayers and Devotions</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Vigil of the Assumption.html')">Vigil of the Assumption</option> <option value="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queenship of Mary popup.html')">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Octave Gueranger.html')">2nd - 4th Days within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Octave of the Immaculate Conception Weninger.html')"> Octave of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</option> <option value="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary The Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</option> <option value="Presentation of Mary.html">I. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Seven Dolors.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   I.</option> <option value="Sorrowful Mother.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   II.</option> <option value="Novena of the Seven Sorrows.html">Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Seven Dolours Sermon.html')">Our Lady of Sorrows</option> <option value="The Sweetness of the Name of Mary.html">The Sweetness of theName of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Novena in Honor of the Holy Name of Mary and Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Holy Name of Mary.html">The Holy Name of Mary</option> <option value="Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">The Nativity of the BlessedVirgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Novena.html')">Novena of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">The Feast of the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Novena.html')">Novena for the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Snows.html')">Our Lady of the Snows </option> <option value="Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Novena Our Lady of Mount Carmel.html">Novena to Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Feast of the Scapular.html">The Feast of the Scapular</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy House of Loretto</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Carmel popup.html')">History of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Queenship of Mary.html">The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary </option> <option value="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</option> <option value="Lourdes Novena.html">Novena in Honor of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Bernadette</option> <option value="Lourdes a History.html">In Defense of the Miracles of Lourdes, A History of Its Apparitions and Cures</option> <option value="Bernadette_Sequel.html">Inspirational Account of the Life of St. Bernadette and the Apparition of Lourdes</option> <option value="La Salette.html">Our Lady of La Salette</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</option> <option value="Mary Help of Christians.html">Mary Help of Christians</option> <option value="Our Lady of Perpetual Help.html">Perpetual Help</option> <option value="Immaculate Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary popup.html">Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="A Short Treatise on the Scapular.html">The Confraternity of Our Blessed Lady of Mount Carmel called the Scapular, 1850</option> <option value="Our Lady of Good Counsel.html">Our Lady of Good Counsel: Prayers, Litany and Book, "The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel"</option> <option value="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</option> <option value="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</option> <option value="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim and St. Anne, 1859</option> <option value="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal the Origin and History</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <img src="10.09.09A.jpg"> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">St. John Leonard, Confessor</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">O</font> God, Who vouchsafed to raise up blessed John, Thy Confessor, to spread the faith wondrously among the people, and to gather a new family in the Church to teach the faithful, grant to us Thy servants, that we may so benefit by what he has founded, that we may attain an eternal reward. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.    Amen.<br><br> <i> V. The Lord loved him, and adorned him. <br><br> R. He clothed him with a robe of glory. <br><br> Ant. I will liken him to a wise man that built his house upon a rock. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">J</font>ohn Leonard was born of pious and respectable parents in the town of Diecimo, not far from the city Lucca. From very early childhood he showed himself mature and serious, with an inclination to solitude and prayer. When he was twenty-six years old God called him to enlist among the soldiers of the Church. John renounced immediately all his worldly interests. At first he had to study elementary Latin with little boys, but he soon advanced in a knowledge of literature, philosophy and theology. After scant four years, at the command of his superior, he was ordained to the priesthood. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>oon afterward he and and a group of noble youths, alike inflamed with high ideals, earnestly set about attaining perfection in virtue. The following year they formed the Congregation of Clerks Regular of the Mother of God, a name chosen because of their intense devotion to her. John and his companions labored with such diligence in their care of souls, that before long a change of attitude was brought about. In the city state of Lucca, where through the perfidious wiles of the heretics, hateful passion burned fiercely among the citizens, where morals were corrupted, in a very short space of time the primitive piety of the Christian seemed to revive.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">I</font>n his work for the salvation of souls John met most bitter insults from wicked men who tried in every way to destroy the newly gathered family. But the man of God, bearing all things cheerfully and serenely, defended pertinaciously the fruit of his apostolic labors by securing from the Supreme Pontiff, Gregory XIII, papal approbation of his Congregation. Many bishops about to undertake difficult enterprises sought his advice and aid. Even the Holy Father delegated to him the solution of intricate litigation and the reform of religious societies. He stood in support of Saint Joseph Calasanctius when his society was on the verge of collapse. Scarcely less arduous were the honors John devoted to the affairs of the Hospital of the Holy Spirit in the English section of Rome, and to those of the convent of Saint Frances of Rome.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">G</font>reatly saddened that so many peoples in far distant places were without the light of the Gospel, John burned with a desire to journey to those countries to spread the light of the true faith. But when Saint Philip Neri, who called John a true reformer, showed him that he and his Congregation were destined to educate the Italian people, John acquiesced to the will of God. He did not, however, refrain so completely that he did not try to do some work for the infidels. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">H</font>e is therefore, very rightfully credited along with the pioneer Vives with being the founder of the movement among the bishops to send well-qualified young men to distant, alien lands to propagate the faith. Wherefore he is very properly regarded as the author of that most illustrious institute which augments the work of the Sovereign Pontiffs and serves to spread the Catholic faith through the world. John wrote many works on theology and morality, well adapted to the men of that day. Finally in sack-cloth and ashes, lacking nothing in his sacred ministry, he passed to the Lord in Rome on October 9, 1609, at the age of sixty-six. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 8th, St. Bridget, Widow</font><br><br> <img src="10.08.09.jpg"><br><br> <a href="Immaculate%20Heart%20of%20Mary.html#OLS">Our Lady's Saturday</a> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</a> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#First Saturday">Five First Saturdays</a> <a href="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary; Fatima and the Rosary</a> <a href="Remodel_your_home.html">Remodel Your Home After Mary's Heart</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Manning_Revolt_Society.html')">The Revolt of Society from God</a> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Bridget of Sweeden.html')">St. Bridget, Widow</a> <a href="St. Bridget of Sweden Book.html">Catholic Book about St. Bridget of Sweden, Imprimatur 1909</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('A Mothers Prayers.html')">A Mother's Prayer for the Conversion of her child</a> <a href="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</a> <a href="Duties of Parents.html">Duties of Parents</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - 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Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</a> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <a href="Rosary novena.html#Promises">15 Promises of the Rosary</a> <a href="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</a> <a href="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</a> <a href="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</a> <a href="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</a> <a href="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <br><br> <i>Related links for the Sacrament of Penance (Confession)</i> <br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="">Select from the Following:</option> <option value="Examine%20Index.html">Examination of Conscience</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On the Vice of Impurity.html#Idolatry')">The Idolatry of the Creature Due to Impurity</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Unchaste Thoughts and Desires.html')">Moral Teaching on Unchaste Thoughts and Desires and Prayers to Overcome Temptations</option> <option value="Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Sacrament of Penance</option> <option value="Confession Q and A.html">The Sacrament of Penance, All of Your Questions Answered</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Confession.html')">On the Benefits of a Good Confession</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Turning from Sin.html')">Two Short Sermons: <br>On Turning from Sin to God <br> The Sentiments of a Penitent Sinner</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Relapse into Sin popup.html')">Causes of Relapse into Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Preparation_Repentance_Confession.html')"> On the Preparation Necessary to <br>Make a Good Confession<br><br> On Motives for Repentance and Contrition <br>Necessary for a Good Confession</option> <option value="Self-Examination.html">The Necessity of Self-Examination</option> <option value="Examine 9.html">The Seven Deadly Sins, Nine Ways to Being an Accessory to Another's Sin, Sins Against the Holy Spirit</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Exposition on the Sixth Commandment.html')">The Sixth Commandment: Explained by St. Thomas Aquinas</option> <option value="Ritual%20of%20the%20Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Rite of Confession </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Thirteenth Sunday After Pentecost.html#General Confession')">General Confession</option> <option value="The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin Liguori.html">The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin by St. Alphonsus Liguori</option> <option value="Contrition.html">Contrition</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment.html')">Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment</option> <option value="False Peace Sinful Conscience.html">The False Peace of a Sinful Conscience, by Fr. Hunolt, 1691-1746</option> <option value="Render Our Account.html">Render an Account of Your Life: A Must Read for Every Soul </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Sinner seeks God.html')">The Sinner will Seek God at Death</option> <option value="St. Alphonsu the number of sins.html">On the Number of Sins, by St. Aphonsus Di Liguori</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="Penitent%27s%20Prayer.html">Penitent's Consolation</option> <option value="Sin.html">The Nature of Sin</option> <option value="Folly of Sin.html">The Folly of Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Venial Sins.html')">On Not Making Light of Venial Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Multitude_of_Sins.html')">On the Multitude of Our Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Mortal Sin.html')"><br>On the Horror of Mortal Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Spiritual Murder.html')">On Spiritual Murder</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Thursday_First_Week_Lent.html')">Examination of Our Duties <br>and State of Life</option> <option value="Conscience.html">Conscience</option> <option value="Ten%20Commandments%20Index.html">Index of the Ten Commandments</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners.html')">The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners</option> <option value="The Sinners Guide.html">The Sinner's Guide <br>by Ven. Louis of Granada, O.P.</option> <option value="Childrens Confession.html">Catholic Instruction for Children for the Sacrament of Penance, 1897</option> </option></select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">St. Bridget, Widow</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">O</font> Lord, our God, Who through Thy only-begotten Son, revealed the secrets of heaven to blessed Bridget, grant through her loving intercession, that we Thy servants, may rejoice with gladness at the revelation of Thy eternal glory. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.    Amen.<br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Bridget was born into the Swedish royal family in the year 1302, the daughter of very virtuous Christian parents. More than one prophetic episode attended the birth of Bridget, "whose voice would be heard with admiration by the entire world," according to a bishop of her country. Curiously, for three years she said not a word, then began to speak with facility and clarity, like persons of mature years. At the age of seven, after her mother had died, she beheld the Mother of God, who presented her with a beautiful crown. She became sober, modest, candid, humble, and peaceful. At the age of ten she saw Our Lord as He was on the Cross, and she began to meditate constantly on the mysteries of the Passion, while occupying herself exteriorly with needlework.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">I</font>n obedience to her father, she was married to Prince Ulpho of Sweden. Saint Bridget became the mother of eight children, four boys and four girls, one of whom, Saint Catherine of Sweden, is honored as a Saint. Their four sons died young, two during one of the crusades. After some years she and her husband separated by mutual consent; he entered the Cistercian Order, where he died thirty years before his holy spouse. After his death, her life became still more austere; for her guide she had a celebrated Doctor of Theology, a Canon of the cathedral of Linkoeping. Severe for herself, Saint Bridget remained gentle for the poor and nourished twelve persons every day, serving them herself; she established hospices for the sick and the convalescent. She founded the Order of the Holy Saviour for sixty nuns, at the Abbey of Wastein or Wadstena in Sweden.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Bridget received a series of sublime revelations, all of which she scrupulously submitted to the judgment of her confessor. During a famous pilgrimage which she made to Rome at the command of her Lord, He dictated to her the "Fifteen Prayers of Saint Bridget," in honor of His Passion. Saint Bridget also went on pilgrimage to the Holy Land with her daughter, Saint Catherine, and amid the very scenes of the Passion was further instructed in the sacred mysteries. She died in Rome, after her return from this pilgrimage, in 1373. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 7th, The Most Holy Rosary of the Blessed Virgin Mary</font> <br><br> <img src="10.07.09.jpg"> <br><br> <a href="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Holy Rosary with Litany ; Feast of the Most Holy Rosary from the Liturgical Year, 1903</a> <a href="Sacred Heart Enthronement.html">The Enthronement of the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <a href="http://catholicharboroffaithandmorals.com/Devotions%20to%20the%20Sacred%20Heart.html#Sacred%20Heart">First Friday Devotions</a> <a href="Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus.html">Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <br><br> <a href="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary<br>Fr. Francis Xavier Weninger</a> <a href="Epistle Gospel Most Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Most Holy Rosary, by Rev. Geoffine, 1896</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Most Holy Rosary.html')">Children's Sermon: Feast of the Holy Rosary</a> <a href="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the <br>Recitation of the Rosary</a> <a href="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Feast of Most Holy Rosary.html')">The Victory of Lepanto and the Most Holy Rosary</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Dominic Prayers.html')">St. Dominic</a> <a href="Sword_of_St_Michael.html">The Sword of Saint Michael, <br>St. Pius V.</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</a> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <a href="Rosary novena.html#Promises">15 Promises of the Rosary</a> <a href="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</a> <a href="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</a> <a href="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</a> <a href="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</a> <a href="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Index of Childrens Prayer.html">Children Prayers and Sermons</a> <a href="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the <br>Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">The Most Holy Rosary of the Blessed Virgin Mary</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">O</font> God, Whose only-begotten Son by His life, death, and resurrection hath purchased for us the rewards of eternal salvation: grant, we beseech Thee, that, by meditating upon these mysteries in the most holy Rosary of the Blessed Virgin Mary, we may both imitate what they contain, and obtain what they promise. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.    Amen.<br><br> <i> Ant. Who is this beautiful as a dove, like a rose planted by the brooks of water? <br><br> It is the mighty Virgin, like the tower of David; a thousand bucklers hang upon it, all the armor of valiant men. <br><br> Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with thee, blessed art thou among women. <br><br> The Lord hath blessed thee by his power, because by thee he hath brought our enemies to nought. <br><br> The daughters of Sion saw her adorned with the flowers of roses, and declared her most blessed. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">I</font>n thanksgiving for the victory of Lepanto, an ancient stronghold of Greece and a modern port of that nation, Saint Pius V in 1571 instituted an annual feast in honor of Our Lady of Victory. Two years later, Gregory XIII changed this title to Our Lady of the Rosary; in 1740, Clement XII extended the feast to the universal Church.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">W</font>e have related in the life of Saint Pius V the victory of Lepanto; here we will speak of the Rosary itself, granted to Saint Dominic by Our Lady Herself in the thirteenth century, with promises of the greatest blessings for those who recite it well. The Rosary of fifteen decades affords a simple means of meditation on the principal mysteries of our holy Religion, and a means of drawing closer to the Saviour through the intercession of the One to whom He never refuses anything. One can also say the chaplet of five decades, since the fifteen are divided into three groups of five: The Joyful, the Sorrowful, and the Glorious Mysteries of the life of Christ.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">P</font>ope Leo XIII personally started the practice of devoting October to the Rosary devotion. In a letter of September 1, 1883, mindful of the Rosary's power to strengthen faith and foster a life of virtue, he outlined the triumphs of the Rosary in past times and admonished the faithful to dedicate the month of October to the Blessed Virgin through the daily recitation of her Rosary. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">C</font>an one imagine a more perfect prayer than the Holy Rosary of the Queen of Heaven, the Blessed Virgin and Mother Mary? It would require large volumes or even an entire library to narrate the graces and miracles that have been obtained by its humble recitation. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 6th, St. Bruno, Confessor</font><br><br> <img src="10.06.09.jpg"><br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Bruno.html')">St. Bruno, Confessor</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Live in Sin.html')">They that Live in Sin</a> <a href="Unworthy Communion.html">Unworthy Communion</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Death-Bed Conversion.html')">Death-Bed Repentance</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Temptation_Discouragement.html')">On the Use of Temptations and How to Overcome Discouragement</a> <a href="Protection of the Holy Angels Against the Devils.html"> The Devils Plan to Ruin Souls and the Protection of the Holy Angels</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Unchaste Thoughts and Desires.html')">Moral Teaching on Unchaste Thoughts and Desires</a> <a href="#guardian">Links to the Guardian Angels During the Entire Month of October</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Index of Childrens Prayer.html">Children Prayers and Sermons</a> <a href="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the <br>Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">St. Bruno, Confessor</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">O</font> Lord, we beseech Thee, that we may be helped by the intercession of the holy Bruno, Thy Confessor, so that we who have offended Thy divine majesty by our grevious sinning, may through his merits and prayers, obtain forgiveness of our offenses. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.    Amen.<br><br> <i> V. The Lord loved him and adorned him. <br><br> R. He clothed him with a robe of glory. <br><br> Ant. I will liken him to a wise man that built his house upon a rock. </i> <br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Bruno was born in Cologne in about the year 1030, of an illustrious family. He was endowed with rare natural gifts, which soon shone with outstanding brilliance in Paris, though he was studying among other gifted young men. Ordained at Cologne, his native city, he became a Canon of its cathedral, and then was a Canon at Rheims, where the direction of studies in theology was entrusted to him. He already had a very strong distaste for honors, and a great desire for the life of contemplation.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">O</font>n the death of the excellent Gervais, Archbishop of Rheims, the region fell for a time into evil hands, and Bruno, who had resisted the decay of religion, became the object of a persecution. He stood firm and called for a papal legate; a council was assembled at Autun, of which Bruno was the soul, and the intruder at Rheims was repulsed, to die later in total obscurity. Bruno was not yet forty years old, but all desired that he assume the charge of the see; yet he could not bring himself to accept this honor. He retired from Rheims, and resolved to forsake the world definitively, to live a life of retirement and penance. Others joined him in retreat, desiring the pursuit of perfection, according to the means Christ prescribed. If you will be perfect, go, sell all that you have and give it to the poor, and you shall have treasure in heaven; and come, follow Me. (Matthew 19:21) Saint Bruno aspired to a desert and, inspired by God, looked towards the Alps of the east.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">W</font>ith six companions, four priests and two laymen, Saint Bruno applied to Hugh, Bishop of Grenoble, who led them to a wild solitude called the Chartreuse. There they lived in poverty, self-denial, and silence, each apart in his own cell, meeting only for the worship of God, and employing themselves in copying books. From the name of the solitude the Order of Saint Bruno was called the Carthusian Order. Six years later, Urban II called Bruno to Rome, that he might benefit from his counsel. Bruno tried to live there as he had lived in the desert; but the echoes of the great city disturbed his solitude, and, after refusing high dignities, he finally obtained, by force of persuasion, the permission of the Pope to resume his monastic life, this time in Calabria, with only a few companions. There he lived, in humility and mortification and great peace, until his blessed death occurred, in the arms of his faithful monks, in 1101. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 5th, St. Placid and Companions, Martyrs</font><br><br> <img src="10.05.09.jpg"><br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Pacidus and Companions.html')">St. Placid and companions, Martyrs</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Christian Self_Love.html')">On Christian Self-Love and <br>the Necessity of Holy Fear and Avoiding Sloth</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Resisting the Enemies of Our Salvation.html')">Part 12:  Resisting the Enemies of Our Salvation</a> <a href="The Sin Unto Death.html">The Sin Unto Death and the 7 Capital Sins<br>by Cardinal Manning</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('time.html')">Time is No More</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Index of Childrens Prayer.html">Children Prayers and Sermons</a> <a href="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the <br>Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">St. Placid and Companions, Martyrs</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">O</font> God, by whose grace we keep the festival of Thy holy Martyrs Placidus and his Companions: grant that we may enjoy their fellowship in everlasting bliss. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.    Amen.<br><br> <i> <br><br> Ant. For theirs is the kingdom of heaven, who have despised the life of the world, and have attained to the rewards of the kingdom, and have washed their robes int he blood of the Lamb. <br><br> V. Be glad in the Lord, and rejoice, ye just. <br><br> R. And glory all ye upright of heart. <br><br> (Roman Breviary) <br><br><br> </i> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Placid was born in Rome, in the year 515, of a patrician family, and at seven years of age was taken by his father to the Benedictine monastery of Subiaco, recently founded, to be educated. At thirteen years of age he followed Saint Benedict to a new foundation at Monte Cassino, where he grew up in the practices of a wonderful austerity and innocence of life.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">H</font>e had scarcely completed his twenty-first year when he was chosen to found a monastery at Messina, in Sicily, upon some estates which had been given by his father to Saint Benedict. He spent four years in building that monastery. There miracles made him known, and it was said that his humility was so perfect and had such charm, that it earned for him the affection of all. He could not see a poor man without hastening to aid him. One day he cured all the sick of the island at the same time, when they were brought and assembled before him for his benediction.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>he fifth year spent by the monks in Messina had not yet ended when a band of Saracen pirates who had already killed a great many persons, burnt everything to the ground in 541. They then put to a lingering death not only Placid and thirty monks who had joined him, but also his two brothers, Eutychius and Victorinus, and his holy sister Flavia, who had come to visit him. The entire flotilla of the invaders perished when these barbarians left the island, amid a sudden storm; although they had a hundred ships and were 16,800 in number, not one ship or passenger survived. A religious who had escaped notice wrote to Saint Benedict an account of the massacre, after burying the martyrs. Saint Placid was the first Benedictine martyr, and the monastery of Messina, which was rebuilt not long afterwards, was henceforth known by his name. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 4th, St. Francis of Assisi, Confessor</font><br><br><br> <img src="10.04.09.jpg"><br><br> <a href="St. Francis.html">Devotions to St. Francis of Assisi</a> <a href="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Instructions_Feast_of_St_Francis_Assisi.html')">Instructions for the Feast of the St. Francis of Assisi</a> <a href="Little Flower of St. Francis.html">The Little Flowers of St. Francis</a> <a href="Works of the Seraphic Father.html">Works of the Seraphic Father St. Francis of Assisi</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Stigmata of St. Francis.html')">Stigmata of St. Francis with Litany to St. Francis</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Clare popup.html')">St. Clare, Virgin</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Francis of Assisi and the Devil.html')">St. Francis of Assisi and his Confrontations with devils</a> <a href="Lead us not into Temptation.html">Lead us not into Temptation: from the Council of Trent</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Temptation_Discouragement.html')">On the Use of Temptations and How to Overcome Discouragement</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Vianney Beware if you have no Temptations.html')">Beware if you have no Temptations: Sermon by St. John Vianney</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Index of Childrens Prayer.html">Children Prayers and Sermons</a> <a href="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the <br>Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">St. Francis of Assisi, Confessor</font><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">O</font> God, Who through the merits of blessed Francis, gavest increase to Thy Church by enriching her with new children: may we so follow his example as to despise the things of this world, and always rejoice in partaking of thy heavenly gifts. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.    Amen.<br><br> <i> V. The Lord loved him and adorned him. <br><br> R. He clothed him with a robe of glory. <br><br> Ant. I will liken him to a wise man that built his house upon a rock. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Francis, the son of a merchant of Assisi, was born in the year 1182 in a poor stable, his birth already prophesying the Saint who would preach poverty to a world seduced by luxury. Though chosen by God to be for the world a living manifestation of Christ's poor and suffering life on earth, in his youth he was generous, always of equal humor, and much appreciated by his friends; he was fond of splendors, fine clothing, and good company, and easily won the affection of all who knew him. More than once various holy persons foretold for him a future of glory, but in veiled terms. Francis did not understand these predictions, and supposed he would become the leader of a large militia.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>he military life he had adopted ended when Jesus told him he was destined to fight another kind of combat, one against the demon and sin; that the grandeurs predicted were spiritual, not temporal -- and to return home. He became inspired with a great esteem for poverty and humiliation. The thought of the Man of Sorrows, who had nowhere to lay His head, filled him with holy envy of the poor, and constrained him to renounce the wealth and the worldly station which he had come to abhor. One day, while on horseback, he met a leper begging alms who inspired him with repugnance, and he took a path to avoid him. Then, repenting, he turned his horse around and returned to embrace him and give him a generous alms, as was his custom for all beggars. He continued on his way, but looked back, and nowhere on the plain could the stranger be seen, though there were no trees, no refuges anywhere. He was from that day a completely transformed person.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">H</font>e decided to use his wealth to care for the poor and the sick, and dedicate himself in person to the same works. When he prayed one day in the little chapel to do only what God willed of him, the Saviour spoke again to him, repeating three times the mysterious words: "Go, Francis, and repair My house which is falling into ruin." He then undertook to repair the old church of San Damiano where he had heard these words, retiring for refuge to a grotto. He was regarded as a fool by the people, when he returned to the city in the clothing of a poor beggar. This was indeed the folly of the Cross.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">F</font>rancis renounced his heritage definitively, to beg thereafter his daily sustenance and what he needed for the repair of the church, and left the city singing the praises of God. He repaired two other churches. The love of God which was burning brightly in the poor man of Assisi began to give light and warmth to many others also, and it was not long before several came to join him. One of them was a very wealthy man of Assisi, the second a Canon of the Assisi cathedral, and the third the now Blessed Brother Gilles. They adopted the absolute poverty of Francis, and the foundations of the Franciscan Order were laid. They were first called the "penitents of Assisi." No counsels could make Francis change his resolution to possess nothing at all. God revealed to him then that he was to found a religious Order.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">P</font>ope Innocent III, when Francis with his first twelve companions journeyed to Rome, after first rebuffing them, recognized him as the monk God showed him in a vision, supporting on his shoulders the Church of Saint John Latran, which was growing decrepit. He received the profession of Francis and his twelve companions, and in 1215 they were formally constituted as a religious Order, which then spread rapidly throughout Christendom.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">I</font>n 1216, Saint Francis after assembling his religious, sent them out to preach in France, Spain, England and Germany, where they established monasteries, lasting proofs of the efficacy of their missions. A second general Chapter was held in 1219 on the feast of Pentecost, and the little Brothers gathered from all over the world at Saint Mary of the Angels, the church which Francis and his first twelve disciples had received only nine years earlier. Cabins of reeds and tents were put up all over the countryside. The Cardinal who visited them exclaimed, with tears in his eyes, "O Brother, truly this is the camp of the Lord!" They were more than 5,000 in number. Saint Francis exhorted his brethren: "My Brothers, above all, let us love the Holy Church; let us pray for her exaltation, and never abandon poverty. Is it not written, 'Trust in the Lord, and He Himself will sustain you' "?<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">F</font>rancis, after visiting the Orient in a vain quest for martyrdom, spent his life like his Divine Master -- now in preaching to the multitudes, now amid the desert solitudes in fasting and contemplation. His constant prayer was "My God and my All!" During one of these retreats on Mount Alverno, he received on his hands, feet, and side the imprints of the five wounds of Jesus. With the cry, "Welcome, sister Death!" he passed to the glory of his God, October 4, 1226, at the age of 44 years. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 3rd, St. Theresa of the Child Jesus, Virgin</font><br><br> <img src="Saint of the Day.jpg"> <br><br> <a href="St. Theresa.html">St. Theresa of the Child Jesus</a> <a href="St. Theresa popup.html">St. Theresa Additional Prayers</a> <a href="Holy%20Face.html">St. Theresa had a Special Devotion to the Holy Face of Jesus</a> <a href="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa: <br>Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Index of Childrens Prayer.html">Children Prayers and Sermons</a> <a href="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the <br>Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">St. Theresa of the Child Jesus, Virgin</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">O</font> Lord, Who hast said, unless you become as little children you shall not enter into the kingdom of heaven: grant, we beseech Thee, that we may so follow the holy virgin Teresa, in humility and simplicity of heart, that we may attain to an everlasting reward. Who livest etc.<br><br> <i> (Roman Breviary) <br><br> Ant. Come, Spouse of Christ, receive the crown, which the Lord hath prepared for thee for all eternity. <br><br> V. With thy comeliness and thy beauty. <br><br> R. Set out, proceed prosperously, and reign. </i> <br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">M</font>arie Francoise Therese Martin, known as the Little Flower of Jesus, was born January 2, 1873 at Alenon in Normandy, France, of very Christian parents. The Martins, who lost four of their little ones in early infancy or childhood, regarded their children as gifts from heaven and offered them to God before their birth. Therese was the last flower of this blessed stem, which gave four Sisters to the Carmel of Lisieux, still another to the Visitation of Caen. The five sisters were left without their mother, a victim of cancer, when Therese was only four years old; but her two oldest sisters were of an age to take excellent care of the household and continue the Christian character formation of the younger ones, which their mother had initiated. Their saintly father was soon to see his little flock separated, however, when one after the other they left to enter religious life. He blessed each one and gave them all back to God, with humble gratitude to God for having chosen his daughters.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">F</font>rom childhood Therese had manifested a tender piety which her naturally lively temperament could not alter. Her mother's death affected her profoundly, however, and at the age of nine she was visited with a severe trial in the form of an illness the doctors could not diagnose, and which seemed incurable. She was instantly restored to her ordinary good health by the Virgin Mary, in answer to her desolate sisters' prayers; Therese saw Her statue become animated, to smile at her with an ineffable tenderness as she lay on her bed of suffering.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">B</font>efore the age of fifteen Therese already desired to enter the Carmel of Lisieux, where her two eldest sisters were already nuns; a trip to Rome and a petition at the knees of the Holy Father Leo XIII gave her the inalterable answer that her Superiors would regulate the matter. Many prayers finally obtained an affirmative reply to her ardent request, and four months after her fifteenth birthday she entered Carmel with an ineffable joy. She could say then, "I no longer have any desire but to love Jesus even to folly."<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>he adopted flowers as the symbol of her love for her Divine Spouse and offered all her little daily sacrifices and works as rose petals at the feet of Jesus. Divine Providence gave to the world the autobiography of this true Saint, whose little way of spiritual childhood was described in her own words in her Story of a Soul. She could not offer God the macerations of the great soldiers of God, only her desires to love Him as they had loved Him, and to serve Him in every way possible. She chose "all" in spirit, for her beloved Lord. Later she would be named patroness of missions. Her spirituality does not imply only sweetness and light, however; this loving child of God passed by a tunnel of desolate spiritual darkness, yet never ceased to smile at Him, wanting to serve Him, if it were possible, without His even knowing it.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">W</font>hen nine years had passed in the Carmel, the little flower was ready to be plucked for heaven; and in a slow agony of consumption, Therese made her final offering to God. She suffered so severely that she said she would never have believed it possible, and could only explain it by her desire to save souls for God. She died in 1897, was beatified in 1923 and canonized in 1925. And now, as she foretold, she is spending her heaven in doing good upon earth. Countless miracles have been attributed to her intercession. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <A NAME="Sunday"style="border-style: none"/></a> <br> <img src = "17th Sunday Miniature.jpg"><br><br> <i> To the cunning question of the Pharisee as to which was the greatest commandment in the Law, Jesus Christ, replied: "Thou shalt love the Lord, thy God, with thy whole heart, with they whole soul, and with they whole mind." However as Jesus Christ knew that we frequently forget another most important obligation, He added and insisted that there is a second commandment, that of loving our neighbor, for it is not possible to love God and at the same time to hate our neighbor. <br><br> Jesus Christ recommends the love of neighbor as most necessary by reason of the selfishness of mankind. Let us be Christian in our relations with our neighbor, loving not merely in words but by deeds, practising corporal and spiritual works of genuine charity. </i> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Seventeenth Sunday After Pentecost.html')">17th Sunday After Pentecost<br>The Love God and Neighbor</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Seventeenth Sunday After Pentecost_Gospel.html')">Seventeenth Sunday After Pentecost: Instruction on the One Only Saving Faith</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon 17th Sunday After Pentecost.html')">Children's Sermon for 17th Sunday After Pentecost</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</a> <a href="Law Arthur Devine.html">Explanation of the Law of God</a> <a href="Ten Commandments Index.html">Index of the Ten Commandments</a> <a href="Mass at Home.html">Manner of Hearing Mass At Home: For those who on account of sickness, old age, or for other proper reasons cannot assist at holy Mass, especially on Sundays and Holidays</a> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <a href="Corporal Works of Mercy.html">The Corporal Works of Mercy</a> <a href="Spiritual Works of Mercy.html">The Spiritual Works of Mercy</a> <a href="Goffine_Mass_Parts.html">A Devout Guide to follow the Tridentine Latin Mass of Pope St. Pius V. Recommended for Those Who Cannot Attend Mass in Person. 17th Sunday After Pentecost</a> <a href="The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass.html">The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, Fr. O' Keeffe, 1891</a> <a href="Quo Primum.html">Papal Bull: Quo Primum, the Tridentine Mass for all Times</a> <a href="Why the Latin Mass.html">Why the Mass is in Latin</a> <a href="Catholic Worship.html">Catholic Worship, Explained</a> <br><br><br><br><br> <A NAME="Gangel"style="border-style: none"/></a> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 2nd, The Feast of the Holy Guardian Angels. First Saturday</font> <br><br> <img src="Saint of the Day 10.02.08.jpg"><br><br> <br><br> <a href="Guardian.html">Guardian Angels</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Guardian Angels Novena.html')">Novena to the Guardian Angels</a> <a href="Guardian Angels New.html">The Feast of the Guardian Angels</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Memoirs_Guardian_Angel.html')">Catholic Book: Memoirs of a Guardian Angel</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Instructions for Feast of Guardian Angels_Challoner_2019.html')"> Instructions for the Feast of the Guardian Angels and Sermon by Bishop Challoner</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Guardian Angels Popup.html')">Devotions to the <br>Guardian Angels</a> <a href="Guardian Angels Children.html">Children's Devotions to the Guardian Angels</a> <a href="Your Guardian Angel throughout Life.html">Your Guardian Angel<br> throughout Life</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Bonaventure Guardian Angel.html')"> The Twelve Works of Our Guardian Angel</a> <a href="Dedication of St. Michael.html">St. Michael the Guardian Angel of the Blessed Sacrament</a> <a href="http://catholicharboroffaithandmorals.com/Videos3.html#Guardian">Video on Guardian Angels</a> <br><br> <i>Please wait until the entire video is loaded before viewing. This applies to all of our videos on the same page.</i> <br><br> <a href="October 2nd.html">October Meditations Dedicated to the Holy Angels</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Litany of the Holy Angels.html')">Litany of the Holy Angels</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</a> <a href="October Month Sanctified.html">Twelve Months Sanctified by Prayer, October--Dedicated to the Angels</a> <a href="Liturgy and Angels.html">Angels in the Liturgy</a> <a href="Protection of the Holy Angels Against the Devils.html"> The Devils Plan to Ruin Souls and the Protection of the Holy Angels</a> <a href="The Spiritual Combat.html">The Spiritual Combat</a> <a href="GoodBadAngels.html">Good and Bad Angels</a> <a href="Three Archangels.html">The Three Archangels and the Guardian Angels in Art, 1899</a> <a href="Exorcism.html">St. Michael the Archangel/ Exorcism Prayer</a> <a href="Raphael.html">St. Raphael, the Archangel.</a> <a href="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel the Archangel</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>Related links for the Sacrament of Penance</i> <br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="">Select from the Following:</option> <option value="Examine%20Index.html">Examination of Conscience</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On the Vice of Impurity.html#Idolatry')">The Idolatry of the Creature Due to Impurity</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Unchaste Thoughts and Desires.html')">Moral Teaching on Unchaste Thoughts and Desires and Prayers to Overcome Temptations</option> <option value="Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Sacrament of Penance</option> <option value="Confession Q and A.html">The Sacrament of Penance, All of Your Questions Answered</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Confession.html')">On the Benefits of a Good Confession</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Turning from Sin.html')">Two Short Sermons: <br>On Turning from Sin to God <br> The Sentiments of a Penitent Sinner</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Relapse into Sin popup.html')">Causes of Relapse into Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Preparation_Repentance_Confession.html')"> On the Preparation Necessary to <br>Make a Good Confession<br><br> On Motives for Repentance and Contrition <br>Necessary for a Good Confession</option> <option value="Self-Examination.html">The Necessity of Self-Examination</option> <option value="Examine 9.html">The Seven Deadly Sins, Nine Ways to Being an Accessory to Another's Sin, Sins Against the Holy Spirit</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Exposition on the Sixth Commandment.html')">The Sixth Commandment: Explained by St. Thomas Aquinas</option> <option value="Ritual%20of%20the%20Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Rite of Confession </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Thirteenth Sunday After Pentecost.html#General Confession')">General Confession</option> <option value="The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin Liguori.html">The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin<br>by St. Alphonsus Liguori</option> <option value="Contrition.html">Contrition</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment.html')">Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment</option> <option value="False Peace Sinful Conscience.html">The False Peace of a Sinful Conscience, by Fr. Hunolt, 1691-1746</option> <option value="Render Our Account.html">Render an Account of Your Life: A Must Read for Every Soul </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Sinner seeks God.html')">The Sinner will Seek God at Death</option> <option value="St. Alphonsu the number of sins.html">On the Number of Sins, by St. Aphonsus Di Liguori</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="Penitent%27s%20Prayer.html">Penitent's Consolation</option> <option value="Sin.html">The Nature of Sin</option> <option value="Folly of Sin.html">The Folly of Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Venial Sins.html')">On Not Making Light of Venial Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Multitude_of_Sins.html')">On the Multitude of Our Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Mortal Sin.html')"><br>On the Horror of Mortal Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Spiritual Murder.html')">On Spiritual Murder</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Thursday_First_Week_Lent.html')">Examination of Our Duties <br>and State of Life</option> <option value="Conscience.html">Conscience</option> <option value="Ten%20Commandments%20Index.html">Index of the Ten Commandments</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners.html')">The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners</option> <option value="The Sinners Guide.html">The Sinner's Guide <br>by Ven. Louis of Granada, O.P.</option> <option value="Childrens Confession.html">Catholic Instruction for Children for the Sacrament of Penance, 1897</option> </option></select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">The Feast of the Holy Guardian Angels</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">O</font> God, Who in Thy inexpressible providence, hast deigned to send Thy Holy Angels to guard us; grant, we humbly pray that we may ever be sheltered and shielded by them here, and rejoice in their fellowship hereafter. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.    Amen. <br><br> <i> Ant. God hath given His Angels charge over thee, to keep thee in all thy ways. <br><br> Let us bless the Lord whom the Angels praise, unto whom the Cherubim and Seraphim cry: Holy, Holy, Holy. <br><br> Their Angels always behold the face of My Father who is in heaven. <br><br> Blessed be God, who sent His Angel, and delivered His servants who trusted in Him. <br><br> Praise ye God, all His Angels; praise ye Him, all His hosts. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">G</font>od does not abandon to what we call "chance," any of His creatures. By His essence and providence He is everywhere present; not a sparrow falls to the ground, nor a hair from our heads, without His consent. He is not content, however, with assisting His creation daily and at every moment, with sustaining His handiwork, which without His continuous support would return to dust. His divine and infinite Love, not only maintaining the existence which He gives and perpetuates in living beings, has charged His Holy Angels with the ministry of watching and safeguarding each one of His rational creatures.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>he Angels, divided into nine hierarchies, have varied obligations. Their intelligence and prudence are penetrating like the beam of a lighthouse; so it appears even when we compare it to the best of human intelligences, which are like the light of a little candle in contrast. An Angel, visualizing an end to be attained, sees instantly the means necessary to achieve it, whereas we must pray, study, deliberate, inquire, and choose during many phases of effort, in order to reach our proposed ends.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">K</font>ingdoms have their Angels assigned to them; dignitaries of the Church and of the world have more than one Angel to guide them; and every child who enters into the world receives a Guardian Angel. Our Lord says in the Gospel: "Beware lest you scandalize any of these little ones, for their Angels in heaven behold the face of My Father." Thus the existence of Guardian Angels is a dogma of the Christian faith, based on Holy Scripture itself. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 1st, St. Remigius, <br>Bishop and Confessor. First Saturday.</font><br><br> <img src="10.01.08.jpg"> <br><br> <a href="Immaculate%20Heart%20of%20Mary.html#OLS">Our Lady's Saturday and First Saturday Act of Reparation</a> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#First Saturday">Five First Saturdays</a> <a href="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary; Fatima and the Rosary</a> <a href="Remodel_your_home.html">Remodel Your Home After Mary's Heart</a> <a href="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</a> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Remigius.html')">October 1st, St. Remigius Bishop and Confessor</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Abjuration of Heresy and Profession of Faith.html')">Abjuration of Heresy and Profession of Faith of the Council of Trent, Pius IV., 1565</a> <a href="Baptism.html">The Sacrament of Baptism</a> <a href="The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin Liguori.html">The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin<br>by St. Alphonsus Liguori</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</a> <a href="First.html">The 1st Commandment</a> <a href="Meditations on Saving Your Soul.html">Meditations on Saving Your Soul: Will it be Heaven or Hell?</a> <a href="Father%20Daman%20Lecture%201.html">No Salvation Outside the Catholic Church</a> <a href="October Month Sanctified.html">Twelve Months Sanctified by Prayer, October--Dedicated to the Angels</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="2"> THE OCTOBER ROSARY<br><br> His Holiness, Leo XIII., by his Encyclical Supremi Apostolatus, September I, 1883, and by a decree of the S. Congr. of Rites, August 20, 1885, had granted and confirmed some Indulgences for the saying of the Rosary during the month of October; then by a rescript of the S. Congr. of Indulgences, July 23, 1898, he made perpetual and modified them, granting to the faithful who, during the said month, publicly in church or privately anywhere, recite at least a third part of the Rosary; An Indulgence Of Seven Years. </font> <br><br> <a href="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena for the Feast of the Most Holy Rosary: Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</a> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>Related links for the Sacrament of Penance (Confession)</i> <br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="">Select from the Following:</option> <option value="Examine%20Index.html">Examination of Conscience</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On the Vice of Impurity.html#Idolatry')">The Idolatry of the Creature Due to Impurity</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Unchaste Thoughts and Desires.html')">Moral Teaching on Unchaste Thoughts and Desires and Prayers to Overcome Temptations</option> <option value="Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Sacrament of Penance</option> <option value="Confession Q and A.html">The Sacrament of Penance, All of Your Questions Answered</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Confession.html')">On the Benefits of a Good Confession</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Turning from Sin.html')">Two Short Sermons: <br>On Turning from Sin to God <br> The Sentiments of a Penitent Sinner</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Relapse into Sin popup.html')">Causes of Relapse into Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Preparation_Repentance_Confession.html')"> On the Preparation Necessary to <br>Make a Good Confession<br><br> On Motives for Repentance and Contrition <br>Necessary for a Good Confession</option> <option value="Self-Examination.html">The Necessity of Self-Examination</option> <option value="Examine 9.html">The Seven Deadly Sins, Nine Ways to Being an Accessory to Another's Sin, Sins Against the Holy Spirit</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Exposition on the Sixth Commandment.html')">The Sixth Commandment: Explained by St. Thomas Aquinas</option> <option value="Ritual%20of%20the%20Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Rite of Confession </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Thirteenth Sunday After Pentecost.html#General Confession')">General Confession</option> <option value="The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin Liguori.html">The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin by St. Alphonsus Liguori</option> <option value="Contrition.html">Contrition</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment.html')">Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment</option> <option value="False Peace Sinful Conscience.html">The False Peace of a Sinful Conscience, by Fr. Hunolt, 1691-1746</option> <option value="Render Our Account.html">Render an Account of Your Life: A Must Read for Every Soul </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Sinner seeks God.html')">The Sinner will Seek God at Death</option> <option value="St. Alphonsu the number of sins.html">On the Number of Sins, by St. Aphonsus Di Liguori</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="Penitent%27s%20Prayer.html">Penitent's Consolation</option> <option value="Sin.html">The Nature of Sin</option> <option value="Folly of Sin.html">The Folly of Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Venial Sins.html')">On Not Making Light of Venial Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Multitude_of_Sins.html')">On the Multitude of Our Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon_Mortal Sin.html')"><br>On the Horror of Mortal Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Spiritual Murder.html')">On Spiritual Murder</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner_Thursday_First_Week_Lent.html')">Examination of Our Duties <br>and State of Life</option> <option value="Conscience.html">Conscience</option> <option value="Ten%20Commandments%20Index.html">Index of the Ten Commandments</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners.html')">The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners</option> <option value="The Sinners Guide.html">The Sinner's Guide <br>by Ven. Louis of Granada, O.P.</option> <option value="Childrens Confession.html">Catholic Instruction for Children for the Sacrament of Penance, 1897</option> </option></select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">St. Remigius, Bishop and Confessor</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">G</font>rant, we beseech Thee, Almighty God; that the holy festival of blessed Remigius Thy Confessor and Bishop, may both increase our devotion and advance our salvation. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.    Amen. <br><br> <i> Ant. O Priest and Bishop, and workers of virtues, good shepherd of the people, pray unto the Lord for us. <br><br> V. The Lord loved him and adorned him. <br><br> R. He clothed him with a robe of glory. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Remi or Remigius was born in the middle of the fifth century, of noble and pious parents. His mother, Saint Celine, had borne two other sons before him; the eldest, Saint Principius, became the twelfth bishop of Soissons, and the second was the father of Saint Lupus, thirteenth bishop of the same see. Saint Remi was given to his parents many years later, miraculously; a blind hermit named Montanus, afflicted by the state of religion in the churches of Gaul, was told three times, supernaturally, to advise his worthy parents that they would have a son who would be the light of the Francs, and would bring these new conquerors out of the idolatry in which they were plunged.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>he child born to them in fulfillment of the prediction, was at the age of twenty-two years acclaimed Archbishop of Rheims, despite his humble doubts as to his competence. He was unusually tall, his countenance manifested a blend of majesty and serenity; his bearing was gentle, humble, and retiring. He was learned and eloquent, and his pity and charity were boundless. In his labors he knew no weariness. His body was the outward expression of a noble and holy soul, breathing the spirit of meekness and compunction. The archbishop received the gift of miracles. When a great fire was threatening the city of Rheims with total ruin, by his presence he arrested it; he faced it with a crucifix and made the sign of the cross, and the flames retired as he advanced. He resurrected a young woman, and his fame continued to increase.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">F</font>or His predestined servant, God had a particular and great work in store. The south of France was in the hands of Arians, and in the last years of the 5th century the pagan Franks were wresting the north from the Romans. But Saint Remigius was loved by Clovis, the fifth of the Merovingian kings. The king was converted and baptized by him in 496, after winning the famous battle of Tolbiac, to fulfill a promise he had made to adopt the religion of his Christian wife if he repulsed the invading armies. A very large army of invaders, which had cast all of France into panic, fled in disarray when the small army of Clovis attacked, and their leader was slain.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">C</font>lovis had married the noble Christian maiden known to us as Saint Clotilda, and these three acting concertedly gained virtually the entire nation to the Christian religion. The army was baptized at the same time as Clovis, by Saint Remi and his assistants. The Saint threw down the altars of the idols, built churches, and appointed bishops. He silenced the Arians and presided at the Catholic First Council of Orleans. Eventually he converted so many that he left France a Catholic kingdom; its king was also the first crowned son of the Church, and at that time the only one. Ever since Saint Remi, Catholic France has rejoiced in its title of eldest daughter of the Church.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">A</font>fter an episcopate of seventy-four years, the longest on record, Saint Remi died in 533, leaving to France his famous Testament, predicting God's graces of predilection for this blessed kingdom, as long as its Heads remained faithful to Him, with the most severe chastisements if the contrary ensued. The prophecy has already been fulfilled three times, as the nation's Catholic historians affirm, for the three royal dynasties. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <BR><Br><BR> <hr><br><brz </font style> </div> <div id="main"> <div style="text-align: center; padding-left: 5%; padding-right: 5%"> <br> <img src="NEW CHRISTMAS CAVE PAINTING.jpg"><br><br> <div style="text-align: center; padding-left: 2%; padding-right: 2%;"> <font style="" size="4"> <img src="Chorus of the Faithful.jpg"><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; "size="3"> Christ is born! Let us rejoice and adore! Isa. ix. 6: "A Child is born to us and a Son is given to us . . . and His name shall be called Wonderful Counsellor, God the Mighty, the Father of the world to come, the Prince of Peace."</font style> <br><br> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 15%; padding-right: 2%;"> <table summary="" border="0" cellpadding="15" width="95%"><tbody><tr> <td valign="top" width="50%"> <font style="font-style: italic; "size="5">A</font style>deste, fideles<br> Laeti triumphantes;<br> Venite, venite in Bethlehem;<br> Natum videte<br> Regem angelorum;<br> Venite adoremus,<br> Venite adoremus,<br> Venite adoremus Domininum.<br> </td> <td valign="top" width="50%"><font style="font-style: italic; "size="5">O</font style> come, all ye faithful,<br> Joyful and triumphant!<br> O come ye, O come ye, to Bethlehem;<br> Come and behold him<br> Born the King of Angels:<br> O come, let us adore Him,<br> O come, let us adore Him,<br> O come, let us adore Him, Christ the Lord.<br> </td> </tr> <td valign="top" width="50%"> <font style="font-style: italic; "size="5">D</font style>eum de Deo,<br> Lumen de Lumine,<br> Gestant puellae viscera:<br> Deum verum,<br> Genitum non Factum:<br> Venite adoremus,<br> Venite adoremus,<br> Venite adoremus Domininum.<br> </td> <td valign="top" width="50%"><font style="font-style: italic; "size="5">G</font style>od of God, <br> Light of light,<br> Lo, he abhors not the Virgin's womb;<br> Very God, <br> Begotten, not created:<br> O come, let us adore Him,<br> O come, let us adore Him,<br> O come, let us adore Him, Christ the Lord.<br> </td> </tr> <td valign="top" width="50%"> <font style="font-style: italic; "size="5">C</font style>antet nunce Io<br> Chorus Angelorum;<br> Cantet nunc aula caelestium,<br> Gloria in excelsis Deo:<br> Venite adoremus,<br> Venite adoremus,<br> Venite adoremus Domininum.<br> </td> <td valign="top" width="50%"><font style="font-style: italic; "size="5">S</font style>ing, choirs of angels,<br> Sing in exultation,<br> Sing, all ye citizens of Heaven above!<br> Glory to God in the highest<br> O come, let us adore Him,<br> O come, let us adore Him,<br> O come, let us adore Him, Christ the Lord.<br> </td> </tr> </tbody></table><br><br> </div> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 39%; padding-right: 10%"> <td valign="top" width="50%"><font style="font-style: italic; "size="5">O</font style> come, all ye faithful,<br> Joyful and triumphant!<br> O come ye, O come ye, to Bethlehem;<br> Come and behold him<br> Born the King of Angels:<br> O come, let us adore Him,<br> O come, let us adore Him,<br> O come, let us adore Him, Christ the Lord.<br><br><br><br></div> <div style="text-align: center; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%"> <img src ="Christmas Prayer.jpg"><br> <i>from the Raccolta, 1878</i><br><br> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0%; padding-right: 0%"> <font style="font-style: none;" size="4"> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font style> adore Thee, Incarnate Word true, Son of God from all eternity, and true son of the Virgin Mary in the fulness of time! Adoring Thy divine person, and the humanity which is united to it, I feel moved, moreover to venerate the poor crib which welcomed thee, an infant, and was truly the first throne of thy love. Would that I could prostrate myself before it with the simplicity of the shepherds, with the faith of Joseph, with the love of Mary! Would that I could bend in adoration of so precious a memorial of our salvation, with the spirit of mortification, of poverty, of humility, with which Thou, the Lord of heaven and of earth, didst choose a manger to receive and shelter Thy trembling limbs! <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">D</font style>o Thou, O Lord! who, while yet a babe, didst deign to rest in this crib, vouchsafe also to pour into my heart a little of the joy excited in those who beheld Thy lovely childhood, and the wonders which accompanied Thy birth; through which I beseech Thee to give to the whole world peace and good will, and, in the name of all mankind, to render all thanksgiving and glory to the Father, and to the Holy Ghost, who, with Thee, liveth and reigneth, one God, world without end. Amen </div> </font style> </div> <br><br><br> <div style="text-align: center; padding-left: 4%; padding-right: 4%;"> <font style="" size="4"> </div></div> <div style="text-align: center; padding-left: 2%; padding-right: 2%"> <br><br> <a name="Typisch_BVM_Links" style="border-style: none"></a> <A NAME="BVM DDB"style="border-style: none"/></a> <img src="Lent Index_Blessed Mother.gif" style="border-style: none"><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; "size="4">Prayers, Devotions, Feasts and Books Dedicated to Our Blessed Mother</font style> <br><br> <form> <select onChange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <OPTION VALUE="Index.html">Select from the following:</option> <OPTION VALUE="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <OPTION VALUE="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of Mary</option> <OPTION VALUE="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis de Monfort</option> <OPTION VALUE="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <OPTION VALUE="Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <OPTION VALUE="Maternity of Mary Popup.html">The Maternity of Mary</option> <OPTION VALUE="Purification.html">The Purification the Mother of God</option> <OPTION VALUE="The Humility of Mary.html">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <OPTION VALUE="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <OPTION VALUE="Queenship of Mary popup.html">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <OPTION VALUE="Queen of All Saints.html">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <OPTION VALUE="Our Lady Queen of Angels.html">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <OPTION VALUE="What it is to be a Mother.html">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <OPTION VALUE="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary the Mother of God</option> <OPTION VALUE="Presentation of Mary.html">I. 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Viii. 10.</i><br><br></font style></div> </i> <font style="" size="4"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman;">          <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5"><b>D</b></font>ear Catholics, Our Lord came down from the Mount of the Beatitudes, healed a leper at the foot of the hill, and started on His way towards Capharnaum. As He approached the town there came to Him messengers, begging that He would heal the servant of a Roman centurion. This Roman officer had command over one hundred soldiers in the garrison at Caphamaum, and, although a Gentile, was a devout proselyte, and had built a synagogue for the Jews. So great was his faith in our Lord that when he heard the Saviour was coming to cure his servant, he came out and told Him not to inconvenience Himself by going all the way to the house of the sick man, but only to say the word and the servant would be well. This Gentile looked upon the power which Christ had over life and death, over sickness and health, in the same way as upon his own power and authority over the soldiers under him: it was only necessary to say a word, to give a command, and obedience would follow.<br><br>           <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5"><b>T</b></font>his admirable faith of the Roman centurion, so highly praised by our Lord Himself, has been considered throughout the centuries as a model for all true believers.<br><br>           <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5"><b>F</b></font>aith is a supernatural, theological virtue by which, relying on the authority of God, we firmly believe whatever God has revealed and the Church proposes for our belief. Faith is called a virtue because it is a habit inclining us to good; it is supernatural, because it is not Aquired by our own efforts, but is infused into our souls by God Himself; it is termed theological, because it has God for its immediate object; its motive is the authority of God, because only God, who can neither deceive nor be deceived, is the author of the truths of faith. God delivers His word to us, not directly, but through His infallible Church (Matt. xxviii. 19; Rom. x. 17). Scripture and tradition, without an authoritative interpreter, are not reliable guides in matters of faith, as is proved by the numerous mutually contradicting Protestant sects. Faith differs, from opinion, which is doubtful assent; from knowledge, which rests on experience or reason; from human belief, which depends on the authority of men. The object of faith is not some, but all of the truths that God has revealed and proposes to us through the Church. The Church proposes the teachings of revelation to us mainly in the Apostles' Creed, and in the definitions of the Popes and Councils. The Apostles' Creed contains the fundamental truths which we are to believe. It is necessary to believe all the truths the Church teaches, but it is not necessary to know them all explicitly. The truths absolutely necessary to be known by all are: that there is a God; that there is a future life of reward and punishment (Heb. xi. 6 ff.). Since the preaching of the Gospel, it is also required to know and believe the mysteries of the Trinity and of the Incarnation and Redemption (John xiv. 6; xvii. 33). Anyone ignorant of these essential truths cannot be absolved in confession. Parents should instruct their children in these important doctrines from their earliest years. Truths that all are bound to know, as far as they are able are: the Articles of the Creed; the Commandments; the Sacraments, at least those that a given person needs to receive; the Lord's Prayer, the acts of the various virtues, such as, the acts of faith, hope, charity, contrition.<br><br>           <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5"><b>F</b></font>aith must be firm, i.e., it must exclude all doubt, hesitation, or disbelief. It must be blind, i.e., we must not seek any other reason than the authority of God for what we are asked to believe (John xx. 29). The reason for this latter quality is that faith, being concerned with supernatural truths, is above the natural grasp of our finite minds. The fact that we cannot understand the truths of faith is no reason for rejecting them; because they have God for their author; because the natural world is filled with mysteries which we accept but cannot understand; because constantly we blindly trust the authority of scientists, historians, doctors, lawyers, etc. Faith is reasonable, i.,e., we can establish on rational grounds all the foundations of faith, namely, the existence, knowledge, and truthfulness of God, the divinity of Christ and of the mission of the Church. Faith should be entire, i.e., it must extend to every dogma without exception.<br><br>           <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5"><b> F</b></font>aith is necessary for salvation (Heb. xi. 6), for it is the root and foundation of our justification. Without faith it is impossible to perform works that are meritorious of life eternal, although one may do many things that are naturally good. Faith imposes a two-fold obligation: a negative obligation, which always binds, of never sinning against it; a positive obligation of making acts of faith before God and of professing our faith before men. Sins against faith are: infidelity, i.e., the total rejection of the Christian religion by those who remain outside the true faith, although they know it sufficiently well to embrace it; apostasy, i.e., the rejection of the Christian religion for a false one; heresy, i.e., the obstinate denial of an Article of faith by a baptized person; deliberate doubt concerning a matter of faith; exposing one's self to the danger of losing the faith by keeping bad company, reading injurious literature, etc. We are obliged to make acts of faith from time to time, especially when in danger of losing our faith. It is never permissible to deny the faith before men, even in appearance (2 Mach. vi. 21 ff.), or by silence; on the contrary, a person is bound to profess his faith publicly whenever God's glory or our neighbor's good requires it (Matt. v. 16).<br><br>           <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5"><b>T</b></font>he knowledge derived from faith is infinitely superior to that which comes from human wisdom, and is at the same time far easier and more secure. How highly then should we appreciate the gift of faith! We should carefully avoid all things by which faith is lost, such as, wilful doubt or denial of Articles of faith; or imperiled, such as, neglect of religious duties, bad books or company, mixed marriages, Godless education, joining secrete societies (ex.Freemasons), etc. We should pray for a great and living faith. <p></p><br><br><br><br> <div style="text-align: center;"> <img src="Faith%20Cross.jpg"><br><br><br> <img src="Morals%20header.jpg"><br><br><br></div> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman;">          <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5"><b>D</b></font>ear Catholics--one of the greatest dangers to faith is Immorality. It is a widespread danger, as widespread as human nature. Be not surprised, my brethren, at the term or at its application. Whatever is sinful is immoral, inasmuch as it contravenes the laws of conduct; and whatever makes for sin, or even for the lower natural life, is necessarily inimical to so holy and perfect a virtue as divine faith. Arguments need not be multiplied; hear the Old Testament and the New: "The wicked man is void of knowledge" (Prov. xxix. 7) ; "for wisdom will not enter into a malicious soul, nor dwell in a body subject to sins" (Wis. i. 4); "everyone that doth evil hateth the light, and cometh not to the light, that his works may not be reproved" (John iii. 20) ; "how can you believe, who receive glory one from another; and the glory which is from God alone you do not seek?" (Ib. v. 44); "you do not believe because you are not of my sheep" (Ib. x. 26). So, no light, no knowledge, no wisdom for the sinful; no believing for the evil, the proud, the disobedient, who hear not the Shepherd's voice, nor come when He calls. It is not that every sin, be it even mortal, immediately destroys faith: holy Church found it necessary to define the contrary; only sin against faith at once destroys faith. But all sin obscures, weakens and endangers it. The word of God says that we can neither commence nor continue to believe without divine help. And if we turn that help aside? If we reject it? The Holy Ghost alone can form in us acts of this supernatural virtue. But if we sacrilegiously expel Him ? if we close our souls against His breathings, if we heartlessly shut our ears to His unspeakable pleadings? In a small yacht, as you are all aware, you may cross a wide lake or ascend a strong river-- provided you have sound wind-filled sails. But you will not go far if you keep out of the way of the wind, if your sails are torn and worthless, if you refuse to carry or hoist any sails at all. So do many Catholics in the progress of Christian life.<br><br>          <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5"><b>T</b></font>his point, my brethren, needs much attention from some of you. The earthen vessel in which we have so divine a treasure as faith, is, you must admit, perilous enough in its unstable fragility, without being sordidly neglected, without being corroded and buffeted by filth and iniquity. Now, you easily grant that you fail in other matters, but not, you think, in faith. You do not see that contradicting your religion in practice is endangering your belief of it. I know, my brethren, and am glad to proclaim that poor sinners can fall very low and yet never doubt about Catholicity. In that, too, is their one hope of salvation; for faith keeps open their access to the Church, and access to her is access to God's mercy. They begin to look hopeless only when, by word or act, they cast themselves into the morass of soul-destroying heresy. It is of apostates St. Paul uses the fearful words about the impossibility of being renewed again to penance. But notice that on this very question of preserving or losing faith, the same Apostle has a word of warning for those who fail not in belief but in conscience. When he writes: "Having faith and a good conscience, which some rejecting have made shipwreck concerning the faith" (i Tim. i. 19), he sufficiently shows that where conscience was otherwise violated the way was taken toward loss of belief. He continues to enforce that teaching by speaking of the mystery of faith that is to be held "in a pure conscience" (Ib. iii. 9). The words seem like an echo of his abiding anxiety about the heavenly treasure which he had been instrumental in placing in so many earthen vessels.<br><br>          <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5"><b>B</b></font>ut earthly as we are, we yet can have this good conscience, this pure conscience: not, however, with sin. All sin is iniquity and foulness; hence with it, of any kind, conscience is bad and unclean, and faith feels not at home. Two vices are so speedily destructive of the delicate virtue that we require special caution against them. Impurity and pride are necessary and deadly enemies of this sacred dignity of our elevated nature. It has been figuratively yet accurately said that as was St. John the Baptist in the court of Herod, so is faith in the unchaste soul: beheading is the consequence. For the proud we have the Lord's intimation that they could not believe in Him so long as they sought false glory. Witness the Pharisees, who knew so much of the law and professed belief so formally, yet persisted in rejecting the true Messiah even when testified to by Himself, by His Father, and by the Holy Spirit!<br><br><br> <div style="text-align: center; padding-left: 2%; padding-right: 2%;"> <u><font style="" size="4"><i>Conclusion</i></font></u><br><br><br></div>          <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5"><b>T</b></font>o what, then, my brethren, do our reflections lead us? Surely to the conclusion that, as faith is most high and precious, so must our jealous care of it be most humbly assiduous. We should not lose it, we would not lessen it: we need it all for our eternal salvation, for our filial service of our heavenly Father. Without it we cannot please God, without it we can be but condemned. For no earthly bribe will we betray it, for no fleshpots renounce it, for no mess of pottage barter it, for no passing enjoyments endanger it. Far from us be the folly of the worldlings who have finally to say: "We have erred from the way of truth; and the light of justice hath not shined unto us; and the sun of understanding hath not risen upon us" (Wis. v. 6) ; farther still be the counsel of the malicious who said to God: "Depart from us, we desire not the knowledge of thy ways" (Job xxi. 14). We, my brethren, believe in the Almighty, we serve Him and find profit in praying to Him. We know that of His wrath the unbelieving wicked shall drink; that their lamp shall be put out; that a deluge shall come upon them; that they shall be as chaff before the face of the wind, and as ashes which the whirlwind scattereth. Fearing our human weakness, but trusting in the grace of faith which, as we so often sing, alone suffices to strengthen the sincere heart-- ad firmandum car sincerum sola fides sufficit--we simply hold our ground in the ranks of the Church's children who have their eyes opened, who are converted from darkness to light, from the power of Satan to God, who receive forgiveness of sins, and a lot among the saints by the faith that is in Christ Jesus. Amen.<p></p><br><br><br><br> <div style="text-align: center; padding-left: 1%; padding-right: 4%;"> <img src="Faith%20Cross.jpg"><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">Prayer for the Preservation of Faith</font><br><br><br></div> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> my Redeemer, will that terrible moment ever come, when but few Christians will be found animated with a spirit of faith? that moment when, provoked to indignation, Thou wilt remove from us thy protection? The vices, the evil habits of our children, have perhaps irrevocably moved thy justice this very day to vengeance! O Thou who art the author and finisher of our faith, we conjure Thee, in the bitterness of our hearts, humbled and contrite, not to permit the beautiful light of faith to be extinguished in us. Be mindful of thy mercies of old, cast a compassionate regard upon that vine which Thou hast planted with thy right hand, which was bedewed with the sweat of the Apostles, watered with the precious blood of thousands upon thousands of martyrs and the tears of so many generous penitents, and made fruitful by the prayers of so many confessors and innocent virgins. O divine Mediator, have regard for those zealous souls who incessantly raise their hearts to Thee and pray for the maintenance of that most precious treasure, the true Faith. Suspend, O must just God, the decree of our reprobation, turn away thine eyes from our sins, and fix them on the adorable blood, shed upon the Cross as the price of salvation, and daily pleading for it, on our behalf, upon our altars. Oh, preserve us in the true Catholic Roman Faith. Infirmities afflict us, annoyances wear us away, misfortunes oppress us: but preserve to us thy holy faith ; for, endowed with this precious gift, we shall willingly bear every sorrow, and nothing can affect our happiness. On the other hand, without this supreme treasure of the faith, our misfortunes will be unspeakable and immense. O good Jesus, author of our faith, keep it pure; keep us safe within the bark of Peter, faithful and obedient to his successor, thy True Vicar here on earth, that so the unity of holy Church may be preserved, holiness fostered, the Holy See kept free and protected, and the universal Church extended, to the advantage of souls. O Jesus, author of our faith, humble and convert the enemies of thy Church ; bestow on all Kings and Christian Princes, and on all the faithful, peace and true unity; strengthen and maintain all in thy holy service, to the end that we may live by Thee and die in Thee. Ah! my Jesus, author of our faith, in Thee I would live, and in Thee would I die. Amen.<br><br><br> <div style="text-align: center; padding-left: 11%; padding-right: 11%;"> <i>(Indulgence 300 days--Leo XIII.)</i> <br><br><br><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5"><b>The Little Number of Those Who Are Saved</b></font style><br> <i>by St. Leonard of Port Maurice, (1676 - 1751)</i><br><br> <img src="The Little Number of Those Who Are Saved.jpg" WIDTH="400" BORDER="0"><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="3"> <i> Noah's Offering to God after the Deluge <br><br> In the time of Noah, the entire human race was submerged by the Deluge, and only eight people were saved in the Ark. Saint Peter says, "This ark was the figure of the Church," while Saint Augustine adds, "And these eight people who were saved signify that very few Christians are saved, because there are very few who sincerely renounce the world, and those who renounce it only in words do not belong to the mystery represented by that ark."</i><br><br><br><br></div> <div style="text-align: center; padding-left: 0%; padding-right: 0%;"> </font style> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 2%; padding-right: 2%"> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">"A</font style>nd a certain man said to Him: Lord, are they few that are saved? But He said to them: Strive to enter by the narrow gate; for many, I say to you, shall seek to enter, and shall not be able. But when the master of the house shall be gone in, and shall shut the door, you shall begin to stand without, and knock at the door, saying: Lord, open to us. And he answering, shall say to you: I know you not, whence you are."--Luke 13: 23-25 <br><br></div> <i><u>Introduction</u></i><br><br> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 2%; padding-right: 2%"> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font style>hanks be to God, the number of the Redeemer's disciples is not so small that the wickedness of the Scribes and Pharisees is able to triumph over them. Although they strove to calumniate innocence and to deceive the crowd with their treacherous sophistries by discrediting the doctrine and character of Our Lord, finding spots even in the sun, many still recognized Him as the true Messiah, and, unafraid of either chastisements or threats, openly joined His cause. Did all those who followed Christ follow Him even unto glory? Oh, this is where I revere the profound mystery and silently adore the abysses of the divine decrees, rather than rashly deciding on such a great point! The subject I will be treating today is a very grave one; it has caused even the pillars of the Church to tremble, filled the greatest Saints with terror and populated the deserts with anchorites. The point of this instruction is to decide whether the number of Christians who are saved is greater or less than the number of Christians who are damned; it will, I hope, produce in you a salutary fear of the judgments of God.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">B</font style>rothers, because of the love I have for you, I wish I were able to reassure you with the prospect of eternal happiness by saying to each of you: You are certain to go to paradise; the greater number of Christians is saved, so you also will be saved. But how can I give you this sweet assurance if you revolt against God's decrees as though you were your own worst enemies? I observe in God a sincere desire to save you, but I find in you a decided inclination to be damned. So what will I be doing today if I speak clearly? I will be displeasing to you. But if I do not speak, I will be displeasing to God.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font style>herefore, I will divide this subject into two points. In the first one, to fill you with dread, I will let the theologians and Fathers of the Church decide on the matter and declare that the greater number of Christian adults are damned; and, in silent adoration of that terrible mystery, I will keep my own sentiments to myself. In the second point I will attempt to defend the goodness of God versus the godless, by proving to you that those who are damned are damned by their own malice, because they wanted to be damned. So then, here are two very important truths. If the first truth frightens you, do not hold it against me, as though I wanted to make the road of heaven narrower for you, for I want to be neutral in this matter; rather, hold it against the theologians and Fathers of the Church who will engrave this truth in your heart by the force of reason. If you are disillusioned by the second truth, give thanks to God over it, for He wants only one thing: that you give your hearts totally to Him. Finally, if you oblige me to tell you clearly what I think, I will do so for your consolation.<br><br><br></div> <i><u>The Teaching of the Fathers of the Church</u></i><br><br> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 2%; padding-right: 2%"> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font style>t is not vain curiosity but salutary precaution to proclaim from the height of the pulpit certain truths which serve wonderfully to contain the indolence of libertines, who are always talking about the mercy of God and about how easy it is to convert, who live plunged in all sorts of sins and are soundly sleeping on the road to hell. To disillusion them and waken them from their torpor, today let us examine this great question: Is the number of Christians who are saved greater than the number of Christians who are damned?<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">P</font style>ious souls, you may leave; this sermon is not for you. Its sole purpose is to contain the pride of libertines who cast the holy fear of God out of their heart and join forces with the devil who, according to the sentiment of Eusebius, damns souls by reassuring them. To resolve this doubt, let us put the Fathers of the Church, both Greek and Latin, on one side; on the other, the most learned theologians and erudite historians; and let us put the Bible in the middle for all to see. Now listen not to what I will say to you -- for I have already told you that I do not want to speak for myself or decide on the matter -- but listen to what these great minds have to tell you, they who are beacons in the Church of God to give light to others so that they will not miss the road to heaven. In this manner, guided by the triple light of faith, authority and reason, we will be able to resolve this grave matter with certainty.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">N</font style>ote well that there is no question here of the human race taken as a whole, nor of all Catholics taken without distinction, but only of Catholic adults, who have free choice and are thus capable of cooperating in the great matter of their salvation. First let us consult the theologians recognized as examining things most carefully and as not exaggerating in their teaching: let us listen to two learned cardinals, Cajetan and Bellarmine. They teach that the greater number of Christian adults are damned, and if I had the time to point out the reasons upon which they base themselves, you would be convinced of it yourselves. But I will limit myself here to quoting Suarez. After consulting all the theologians and making a diligent study of the matter, he wrote, "The most common sentiment which is held is that, among Christians, there are more damned souls than predestined souls."<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">A</font style>dd the authority of the Greek and Latin Fathers to that of the theologians, and you will find that almost all of them say the same thing. This is the sentiment of Saint Theodore, Saint Basil, Saint Ephrem, and Saint John Chrysostom. What is more, according to Baronius it was a common opinion among the Greek Fathers that this truth was expressly revealed to Saint Simeon Stylites and that after this revelation, it was to secure his salvation that he decided to live standing on top of a pillar for forty years, exposed to the weather, a model of penance and holiness for everyone. Now let us consult the Latin Fathers. You will hear Saint Gregory saying clearly, "Many attain to faith, but few to the heavenly kingdom." Saint Anselm declares, "There are few who are saved." Saint Augustine states even more clearly, "Therefore, few are saved in comparison to those who are damned." The most terrifying, however, is Saint Jerome. At the end of his life, in the presence of his disciples, he spoke these dreadful words: "Out of one hundred thousand people whose lives have always been bad, you will find barely one who is worthy of indulgence."<br><br><br></div> <i><u>The Words of Holy Scripture</u></i><br><br> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 2%; padding-right: 2%"> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">B</font style>ut why seek out the opinions of the Fathers and theologians, when Holy Scripture settles the question so clearly? Look in to the Old and New Testaments, and you will find a multitude of figures, symbols and words that clearly point out this truth: very few are saved. In the time of Noah, the entire human race was submerged by the Deluge, and only eight people were saved in the Ark. Saint Peter says, "This ark was the figure of the Church," while Saint Augustine adds, "And these eight people who were saved signify that very few Christians are saved, because there are very few who sincerely renounce the world, and those who renounce it only in words do not belong to the mystery represented by that ark." The Bible also tells us that only two Hebrews out of two million entered the Promised Land after going out of Egypt, and that only four escaped the fire of Sodom and the other burning cities that perished with it. All of this means that the number of the damned who will be cast into fire like straw is far greater than that of the saved, whom the heavenly Father will one day gather into His barns like precious wheat.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font style> would not finish if I had to point out all the figures by which Holy Scripture confirms this truth; let us content ourselves with listening to the living oracle of Incarnate Wisdom. What did Our Lord answer the curious man in the Gospel who asked Him, "Lord, is it only a few to be saved?" Did He keep silence? Did He answer haltingly? Did He conceal His thought for fear of frightening the crowd? No. Questioned by only one, He addresses all of those present. He says to them: "You ask Me if there are only few who are saved?" Here is My answer: "Strive to enter by the narrow gate; for many, I tell you, will seek to enter and will not be able." Who is speaking here? It is the Son of God, Eternal Truth, who on another occasion says even more clearly, "Many are called, but few are chosen." He does not say that all are called and that out of all men, few are chosen, but that many are called; which means, as Saint Gregory explains, that out of all men, many are called to the True Faith, but out of them few are saved. Brothers, these are the words of Our Lord Jesus Christ. Are they clear? They are true. Tell me now if it is possible for you to have faith in your heart and not tremble.<br><br><br></div> <u><i>Salvation in the Various States of Life</u></i><br><br> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 2%; padding-right: 2%"> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">B</font style>ut oh, I see that by speaking in this manner of all in general, I am missing my point. So let us apply this truth to various states, and you will understand that you must either throw away reason, experience and the common sense of the faithful, or confess that the greater number of Catholics is damned. Is there any state in the world more favorable to innocence in which salvation seems easier and of which people have a higher idea than that of priests, the lieutenants of God? At first glance, who would not think that most of them are not only good but even perfect; yet I am horror-struck when I hear Saint Jerome declaring that although the world is full of priests, barely one in a hundred is living in a manner in conformity with state; when I hear a servant of God attesting that he has learned by revelation that the number of priests who fall into hell each day is so great that it seemed impossible to him that there be any left on earth; when I hear Saint Chrysostom exclaiming with tears in his eyes, "I do not believe that many priests are saved; I believe the contrary, that the number of those who are damned is greater."<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">L</font style>ook higher still, and see the prelates of the Holy Church, pastors who have the charge of souls. Is the number of those who are saved among them greater than the number of those who are damned? Listen to Cantimpre; he will relate an event to you, and you may draw the conclusions. There was a synod being held in Paris, and a great number of prelates and pastors who had the charge of souls were in attendance; the king and princes also came to add luster to that assembly by their presence. A famous preacher was invited to preach. While he was preparing his sermon, a horrible demon appeared to him and said, "Lay your books aside. If you want to give a sermon that will be useful to these princes and prelates, content yourself with telling them on our part, 'We the princes of darkness thank you, princes, prelates, and pastors of souls, that due to your negligence, the greater number of the faithful are damned; also, we are saving a reward for you for this favor, when you shall be with us in Hell.'"<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">W</font style>oe to you who command others! If so many are damned by your fault, what will happen to you? If few out of those who are first in the Church of God are saved, what will happen to you? Take all states, both sexes, every condition: husbands, wives, widows, young women, young men, soldiers, merchants, craftsmen, rich and poor, noble and plebian. What are we to say about all these people who are living so badly? The following narrative from Saint Vincent Ferrer will show you what you may think about it. He relates that an archdeacon in Lyons gave up his charge and retreated into a desert place to do penance, and that he died the same day and hour as Saint Bernard. After his death, he appeared to his bishop and said to him, "Know, Monsignor, that at the very hour I passed away, thirty-three thousand people also died. Out of this number, Bernard and myself went up to heaven without delay, three went to purgatory, and all the others fell into Hell."<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font style>ur chronicles relate an even more dreadful happening. One of our brothers, well-known for his doctrine and holiness, was preaching in Germany. He represented the ugliness of the sin of impurity so forceful that a woman fell dead of sorrow in front of everyone. Then, coming back to life, she said, "When I was presented before the Tribunal of God, sixty thousand people arrived at the same time from all parts of the world; out of that number, three were saved by going to Purgatory, and all the rest were damned."<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font style> abyss of the judgments of God! Out of thirty thousand, only five were saved! And out of sixty thousand, only three went to heaven! You sinners who are listening to me, in what category will you be numbered?... What do you say?... What do you think?...<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font style> see almost all of you lowering your heads, filled with astonishment and horror. But let us lay our stupor aside, and instead of flattering ourselves, let us try to draw some profit from our fear. Is it not true that there are two roads which lead to heaven: innocence and repentance? Now, if I show you that very few take either one of these two roads, as rational people you will conclude that very few are saved. And to mention proofs: in what age, employment or condition will you find that the number of the wicked is not a hundred times greater than that of the good, and about which one might say, "The good are so rare and the wicked are so great in number"? We could say of our times what Salvianus said of his: it is easier to find a countless multitude of sinners immersed in all sorts of iniquities than a few innocent men. How many servants are totally honest and faithful in their duties? How many merchants are fair and equitable in their commerce; how many craftsmen exact and truthful; how many salesmen disinterested and sincere? How many men of law do not forsake equity? How many soldiers do not tread upon innocence; how many masters do not unjustly withhold the salary of those who serve them, or do not seek to dominate their inferiors? Everywhere, the good are rare and the wicked great in number. Who does not know that today there is so much libertinage among mature men, liberty among young girls, vanity among women, licentiousness in the nobility, corruption in the middle class, dissolution in the people, impudence among the poor, that one could say what David said of his times: "All alike have gone astray... there is not even one who does good, not even one."<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">G</font style>o into street and square, into palace and house, into city and countryside, into tribunal and court of law, and even into the temple of God. Where will you find virtue? "Alas!" cries Salvianus, "except for a very little number who flee evil, what is the assembly of Christians if not a sink of vice?" All that we can find everywhere is selfishness, ambition, gluttony, and luxury. Is not the greater portion of men defiled by the vice of impurity, and is not Saint John right in saying, "The whole world -- if something so foul may be called -- "is seated in wickedness?" I am not the one who is telling you; reason obliges you to believe that out of those who are living so badly, very few are saved.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">B</font style>ut you will say: Can penance not profitably repair the loss of innocence? That is true, I admit. But I also know that penance is so difficult in practice, we have lost the habit so completely, and it is so badly abused by sinners, that this alone should suffice to convince you that very few are saved by that path. Oh, how steep, narrow, thorny, horrible to behold and hard to climb it is! Everywhere we look, we see traces of blood and things that recall sad memories. Many weaken at the very sight of it. Many retreat at the very start. Many fall from weariness in the middle, and many give up wretchedly at the end. And how few are they who persevere in it till death! Saint Ambrose says it is easier to find men who have kept their innocence than to find any who have done fitting penance.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font style>f you consider the sacrament of penance, there are so many distorted confessions, so many studied excuses, so many deceitful repentances, so many false promises, so many ineffective resolutions, so many invalid absolutions! Would you regard as valid the confession of someone who accuses himself of sins of impurity and still holds to the occasion of them? Or someone who accuses himself of obvious injustices with no intention of making any reparation whatsoever for them? Or someone who falls again into the same iniquities right after going to confession? Oh, horrible abuses of such a great sacrament! One confesses to avoid excommunication, another to make a reputation as a penitent. One rids himself of his sins to calm his remorse, another conceals them out of shame. One accuses them imperfectly out of malice, another discloses them out of habit. One does not have the true end of the sacrament in mind, another is lacking the necessary sorrow, and still another firm purpose. Poor confessors, what efforts you make to bring the greater number of penitents to these resolutions and acts, without which confession is a sacrilege, absolution a condemnation and penance an illusion?<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">W</font style>here are they now, those who believe that the number of the saved among Christians is greater than that of the damned and who, to authorize their opinion, reason thus: the greater portion of Catholic adults die in their beds armed with the sacraments of the Church, therefore most adult Catholics are saved? Oh, what fine reasoning! You must say exactly the opposite. Most Catholic adults confess badly at death, therefore most of them are damned. I say "all the more certain," because a dying person who has not confessed well when he was in good health will have an even harder time doing so when he is in bed with a heavy heart, an unsteady head, a muddled mind; when he is opposed in many ways by still-living objects, by still-fresh occasions, by adopted habits, and above all by devils who are seeking every means to cast him into hell. Now, if you add to all these false penitents all the other sinners who die unexpectedly in sin, due to the doctors' ignorance or by their relatives' fault, who die from poisoning or from being buried in earthquakes, or from a stroke, or from a fall, or on the battlefield, in a fight, caught in a trap, struck by lightning, burned or drowned, are you not obliged to conclude that most Christian adults are damned? That is the reasoning of Saint Chrysostom. This Saint says that most Christians are walking on the road to hell throughout their life. Why, then, are you so surprised that the greater number goes to hell? To come to a door, you must take the road that leads there. What have you to answer such a powerful reason?<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font style>he answer, you will tell me, is that the mercy of God is great. Yes, for those who fear Him, says the Prophet; but great is His justice for the one who does not fear Him, and it condemns all obstinate sinners.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">S</font style>o you will say to me: Well then, who is Paradise for, if not for Christians? It is for Christians, of course, but for those who do not dishonor their character and who live as Christians. Moreover, if to the number of Christian adults who die in the grace of God, you add the countless host of children who die after baptism and before reaching the age of reason, you will not be surprised that Saint John the Apostle, speaking of those who are saved, says, "I saw a great multitude which no man could number."<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">A</font style>nd this is what deceives those who pretend that the number of the saved among Catholics is greater than that of the damned... If to that number, you add the adults who have kept the robe of innocence, or who after having defiled it, have washed it in the tears of penance, it is certain that the greater number is saved; and that explains the words of Saint John, "I saw a great multitude," and these other words of Our Lord, "Many will come from the east and from the west, and will feast with Abraham and Isaac and Jacob in the kingdom of heaven," and the other figures usually cited in favor of that opinion. But if you are talking about Christian adults, experience, reason, authority, propriety and Scripture all agree in proving that the greater number is damned. Do not believe that because of this, paradise is empty; on the contrary, it is a very populous kingdom. And if the damned are "as numerous as the sand in the sea," the saved are "as numerous at the stars of heaven," that is, both the one and the other are countless, although in very different proportions.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font style>ne day Saint John Chrysostom, preaching in the cathedral in Constantinople and considering these proportions, could not help but shudder in horror and ask, "Out of this great number of people, how many do you think will be saved?" And, not waiting for an answer, he added, "Among so many thousands of people, we would not find a hundred who are saved, and I even doubt for the one hundred." What a dreadful thing! The great Saint believed that out of so many people, barely one hundred would be saved; and even then, he was not sure of that number. What will happen to you who are listening to me? Great God, I cannot think of it without shuddering! Brothers, the problem of salvation is a very difficult thing; for according to the maxims of the theologians, when an end demands great efforts, few only attain it.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font style>hat is why Saint Thomas, the Angelic Doctor, after weighing all the reasons pro and con in his immense erudition, finally concludes that the greater number of Catholic adults are damned. He says, "Because eternal beatitude surpasses the natural state, especially since it has been deprived of original grace, it is the little number that are saved."<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">S</font style>o then, remove the blindfold from your eyes that is blinding you with self-love, that is keeping you from believing such an obvious truth by giving you very false ideas concerning the justice of God, "Just Father, the world has not known Thee," said Our Lord Jesus Christ. He does not say "Almighty Father, most good and merciful Father." He says "just Father," so we may understand that out of all the attributes of God, none is less known than His justice, because men refuse to believe what they are afraid to undergo. Therefore, remove the blindfold that is covering your eyes and say tearfully: Alas! The greater number of Catholics, the greater number of those who live here, perhaps even those who are in this assembly, will be damned! What subject could be more deserving of your tears?<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">K</font style>ing Xerxes, standing on a hill looking at his army of one hundred thousand soldiers in battle array, and considering that out of all of them there would be not one man alive in a hundred years, was unable to hold back his tears. Have we not more reason to weep upon thinking that out of so many Catholics, the greater number will be damned? Should this thought not make our eyes pour forth rivers of tears, or at least produce in our heart the sentiment of compassion felt by an Augustinian Brother, Ven. Marcellus of St. Dominic? One day as he was meditating on the eternal pains, the Lord showed him how many souls were going to hell at that moment and had him see a very broad road on which twenty-two thousand reprobates were running toward the abyss, colliding into one another. The servant of God was stupefied at the sight and exclaimed, "Oh, what a number! What a number! And still more are coming. O Jesus! O Jesus! What madness!" Let me repeat with Jeremiah, "Who will give water to my head, and a fountain of tears to my eyes? And I will weep day and night for the slain of the daughter of my people."<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">P</font style>oor souls! How can you run so hastily toward hell? For mercy's sake, stop and listen to me for a moment! Either you understand what it means to be saved and to be damned for all eternity, or you do not. If you understand and in spite of that, you do not decide to change your life today, make a good confession and trample upon the world, in a word, make your every effort to be counted among the littler number of those who are saved, I say that you do not have the faith. You are more excusable if you do not understand it, for then one must say that you are out of your mind. To be saved for all eternity, to be damned for all eternity, and to not make your every effort to avoid the one and make sure of the other, is something inconceivable.<br><br><br></div> <i><u>The Goodness of God</u></i><br><br> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 2%; padding-right: 2%"> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">P</font style>erhaps you do not yet believe the terrible truths I have just taught you. But it is the most highly-considered theologians, the most illustrious Fathers who have spoken to you through me. So then, how can you resist reasons supported by so many examples and words of Scripture? If you still hesitate in spite of that, and if your mind is inclined to the opposite opinion, does that very consideration not suffice to make you tremble? Oh, it shows that you do not care very much for your salvation! In this important matter, a sensible man is struck more strongly by the slightest doubt of the risk he runs than by the evidence of total ruin in other affairs in which the soul is not involved. One of our brothers, Blessed Giles, was in the habit of saying that if only one man were going to be damned, he would do all he could to make sure he was not that man.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">S</font style>o what must we do, we who know that the greater number is going to be damned, and not only out of all Catholics? What must we do? Take the resolution to belong to the little number of those who are saved. You say: If Christ wanted to damn me, then why did He create me? Silence, rash tongue! God did not create anyone to damn him; but whoever is damned, is damned because he wants to be. Therefore, I will now strive to defend the goodness of my God and Aquit it of all blame: that will be the subject of the second point.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">B</font style>efore going on, let us gather on one side all the books and all the heresies of Luther and Calvin, and on the other side the books and heresies of the Pelagians and Semi-Pelagians, and let us burn them. Some destroy grace, others freedom, and all are filled with errors; so let us cast them into the fire. All the damned bear upon their brow the oracle of the Prophet Osee, "Thy damnation comes from thee," so that they may understand that whoever is damned, is damned by his own malice and because he wants to be damned.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">F</font style>irst let us take these two undeniable truths as a basis: "God wants all men to be saved," "All are in need of the grace of God." Now, if I show you that God wants to save all men, and that for this purpose He gives all of them His grace and all the other necessary means of obtaining that sublime end, you will be obliged to agree that whoever is damned must impute it to his own malice, and that if the greater number of Christians are damned, it is because they want to be. "Thy damnation comes from thee; thy help is only in Me."<br><br><br></div> <u><i>God Desires All Men to be Saved</i></u><br><br> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 2%; padding-right: 2%"> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font style>n a hundred places in Holy Scripture, God tells us that it is truly His desire to save all men. "Is it My will that a sinner should die, and not that he should be converted from his ways and live?... I live, saith the Lord God. I desire not the death of the sinner. Be converted and live." When someone wants something very much, it is said that he is dying with desire; it is a hyperbole. But God has wanted and still wants our salvation so much that He died of desire, and He suffered death to give us life. This will to save all men is therefore not an affected, superficial and apparent will in God; it is a real, effective, and beneficial will; for He provides us with all the means most proper for us to be saved. He does not give them to us so they will not obtain it; He gives them to us with a sincere will, with the intention that they may obtain their effect. And if they do not obtain it, He shows Himself afflicted and offended over it. He commands even the damned to use them in order to be saved; He exhorts them to it; He obliges them to it; and if they do not do it, they sin. Therefore, they may do it and thus be saved.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">F</font style>ar more, because God sees that we could not even make use of His grace without His help, He gives us other aids; and if they sometimes remain ineffective, it is our fault; for with these same aids, one may abuse them and be damned with them, and another may do right and be saved; he might even be saved with less powerful aids. Yes, it can happen that we abuse a greater grace and are damned, whereas another cooperates with a lesser grace and is saved.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">S</font style>aint Augustine exclaims, "If, therefore, someone turns aside from justice, he is carried by his free will, led by his concupiscence, deceived by his own persuasion." But for those who do not understand theology, here is what I have to say to them: God is so good that when He sees a sinner running to his ruin, He runs after him, calls him, entreats and accompanies him even to the gates of hell; what will He not do to convert him? He sends him good inspirations and holy thoughts, and if he does not profit from them, He becomes angry and indignant, He pursues him. Will He strike him? No. He beats at the air and forgives him. But the sinner is not converted yet. God sends him a mortal illness. It is certainly all over for him. No, brothers, God heals him; the sinner becomes obstinate in evil, and God in His mercy looks for another way; He gives him another year, and when that year is over, He grants him yet another.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">B</font style>ut if the sinner still wants to cast himself into hell in spite of all that, what does God do? Does He abandon him? No. He takes him by the hand; and while he has one foot in hell and the other outside, He still preaches to him, He implored him not to abuse His graces. Now I ask you, if that man is damned, is it not true that he is damned against the Will of God and because he wants to be damned? Come and ask me now: If God wanted to damn me, then why did He create me?<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">U</font style>ngrateful sinner, learn today that if you are damned, it is not God who is to blame, but you and your self-will. To persuade yourself of this, go down even to the depths of the abyss, and there I will bring you one of those wretched damned souls burning in hell, so that he may explain this truth to you. Here is one now: "Tell me, who are you?" "I am a poor idolater, born in an unknown land; I never heard of heaven or hell, nor of what I am suffering now." "Poor wretch! Go away, you are not the one I am looking for." Another one is coming; there he is. "Who are you?" "I am a schismatic from the ends of Tartary; I always lived in an uncivilized state, barely knowing that there is a God." "You are not the one I want; return to hell." Here is another. "And who are you?" "I am a poor heretic from the North. I was born under the Pole and never saw either the light of the sun or the light of faith." "It is not you that I am looking for either, return to Hell." Brothers, my heart is broken upon seeing these wretches who never even knew the True Faith among the damned. Even so, know that the sentence of condemnation was pronounced against them and they were told, "Thy damnation comes from thee." They were damned because they wanted to be. They received so many aids from God to be saved! We do not know what they were, but they know them well, and now they cry out, "O Lord, Thou art just... and Thy judgments are equitable."<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">B</font style>rothers, you must know that the most ancient belief is the Law of God, and that we all bear it written in our hearts; that it can be learned without any teacher, and that it suffices to have the light of reason in order to know all the precepts of that Law. That is why even the barbarians hid when they committed sin, because they knew they were doing wrong; and they are damned for not having observed the natural law written in their heart: for had they observed it, God would have made a miracle rather than let them be damned; He would have sent them someone to teach them and would have given them other aids, of which they made themselves unworthy by not living in conformity with the inspirations of their own conscience, which never failed to warn them of the good they should do and the evil they should avoid. So it is their conscience that accused them at the Tribunal of God, and it tells them constantly in hell, "Thy damnation comes from thee." They do not know what to answer and are obliged to confess that they are deserving of their fate. Now if these infidels have no excuse, will there be any for a Catholic who had so many sacraments, so many sermons, so many aids at his disposal? How will he dare to say, "If God was going to damn me, then why did He create me?" How will he dare to speak in this manner, when God gives him so many aids to be saved? So let us finish confounding him.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">Y</font style>ou who are suffering in the abyss, answer me! Are there any Catholics among you? "There certainly are!" How many? Let one of them come here! "That is impossible, they are too far down, and to have them come up would turn all of hell upside down; it would be easier to stop one of them as he is falling in." So then, I am speaking to you who live in the habit of mortal sin, in hatred, in the mire of the vice of impurity, and who are getting closer to hell each day. Stop, and turn around; it is Jesus who calls you and who, with His wounds, as with so many eloquent voices, cries to you, "My son, if you are damned, you have only yourself to blame: 'Thy damnation comes from thee.' Lift up your eyes and see all the graces with which I have enriched you to insure your eternal salvation. I could have had you born in a forest in Barbary; that is what I did to many others, but I had you born in the Catholic Faith; I had you raised by such a good father, such an excellent mother, with the purest instructions and teachings. If you are damned in spite of that, whose fault will it be? Your own, My son, your own: 'Thy damnation comes from thee.'<br><br> "<font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font style> could have cast you into hell after the first mortal sin you committed, without waiting for the second: I did it to so many others, but I was patient with you, I waited for you for many long years. I am still waiting for you today in penance. If you are damned in spite of all that, whose fault is it? Your own, My son, your own: "Thy damnation comes from thee." You know how many have died before your very eyes and were damned: that was a warning for you. You know how many others I set back on the right path to give you the good example. Do you remember what that excellent confessor told you? I am the one who had him say it. Did he not enjoin you to change your life, to make a good confession? I am the One who inspired him. Remember that sermon that touched your heart? I am the One who led you there. And what has happened between you and Me in the secret of your heart, ...that you can never forget.<br><br> "<font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font style>hose interior inspirations, that clear knowledge, that constant remorse of conscience, would you dare to deny them? All of these were so many aids of My grace, because I wanted to save you. I refused to give them to many others, and I gave them to you because I loved you tenderly. My son, My son, if I spoke to them as tenderly as I am speaking to you today, how many others souls return to the right path! And you... you turn your back on Me. Listen to what I am going to tell you, for these are My last words: You have cost Me My blood; if you want to be damned in spite of the blood I shed for you, do not blame Me, you have only yourself to accuse; and throughout all eternity, do not forget that if you are damned in spite of Me, you are damned because you want to be damned: 'Thy damnation comes from thee.' "<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font style> my good Jesus, the very stones would split on hearing such sweet words, such tender expressions. Is there anyone here who wants to be damned, with so many graces and aids? If there is one, let him listen to me, and then let him resist if he can.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">B</font style>aronius relates that after Julian the Apostate's infamous apostasy, he conceived such great hatred against Holy Baptism that day and night, he sought a way in which he might erase his own. To that purpose he had a bath of goat's blood prepared and placed himself in it, wanting this impure blood of a victim consecrated to Venus to erase the sacred character of Baptism from his soul. Such behavior seems abominable to you, but if Julian's plan had been able to succeed, it is certain that he would be suffering much less in hell.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">S</font style>inners, the advice I want to give you will no doubt seem strange to you; but if you understand it well, it is, on the contrary, inspired by tender compassion toward you. I implore you on my knees, by the blood of Christ and by the Heart of Mary, change your life, come back to the road that leads to heaven, and do all you can to belong to the little number of those who are saved. If, instead of this, you want to continue walking on the road that leads to hell, at least find a way to erase your baptism. Woe to you if you take the Holy Name of Jesus Christ and the sacred character of the Christian engraved upon your soul into hell! Your chastisement will be all the greater. So do what I advise you to do: if you do not want to convert, go this very day and ask your pastor to erase your name from the baptismal register, so that there may not remain any remembrance of your ever having been a Christian; implore your Guardian Angel to erase from his book of graces the inspirations and aids he has given you on orders from God, for woe to you if he recalls them! Tell Our Lord to take back His faith, His baptism, His sacraments.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">Y</font style>ou are horror-struck at such a thought? Well then, cast yourself at the feet of Jesus Christ and say to Him, with tearful eyes and contrite heart: "Lord, I confess that up till now I have not lived as a Christian. I am not worthy to be numbered among Your elect. I recognize that I deserve to be damned; but Your mercy is great and, full of confidence in Your grace, I say to You that I want to save my soul, even if I have to sacrifice my fortune, my honor, my very life, as long as I am saved. If I have been unfaithful up to now, I repent, I deplore, I detest my infidelity, I ask You humbly to forgive me for it. Forgive me, good Jesus, and strengthen me also, that I may be saved. I ask You not for wealth, honor or prosperity; I ask you for one thing only, to save my soul."<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">A</font style>nd You, O Jesus! What do You say? O Good Shepherd, see the stray sheep who returns to You; embrace this repentant sinner, bless his sighs and tears, or rather bless these people who are so well disposed and who want nothing but their salvation. Brothers, at the feet of Our Lord, let us protest that we want to save our soul, cost what it may. Let us all say to Him with tearful eyes, "Good Jesus, I want to save my soul," O blessed tears, O blessed sighs!<br><br><br></div> <u><i>Conclusion</u></i><br><br> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 2%; padding-right: 2%"> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">B</font style>rothers, I want to send all of you away comforted today. So if you ask me my sentiment on the number of those who are saved, here it is: Whether there are many or few that are saved, I say that whoever wants to be saved, will be saved; and that no one can be damned if he does not want to be. And if it is true that few are saved, it is because there are few who live well. As for the rest, compare these two opinions: the first one states that the greater number of Catholics are condemned; the second one, on the contrary, pretends that the greater number of Catholics are saved. Imagine an Angel sent by God to confirm the first opinion, coming to tell you that not only are most Catholics damned, but that of all this assembly present here, one alone will be saved. If you obey the Commandments of God, if you detest the corruption of this world, if you embrace the Cross of Jesus Christ in a spirit of penance, you will be that one alone who is saved.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">N</font style>ow imagine the same Angel returning to you and confirming the second opinion. He tells you that not only are the greater portion of Catholics saved, but that out of all this gathering, one alone will be damned and all the others saved. If after that, you continue your usuries, your vengeances, your criminal deeds, your impurities, then you will be that one alone who is damned.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">W</font style>hat is the use of knowing whether few or many are saved? Saint Peter says to us, "Strive by good works to make your election sure." When Saint Thomas Aquinas's sister asked him what she must do to go to heaven, he said, "You will be saved if you want to be." I say the same thing to you, and here is proof of my declaration. No one is damned unless he commits mortal sin: that is of faith. And no one commits mortal sin unless he wants to: that is an undeniable theological proposition. Therefore, no one goes to hell unless he wants to; the consequence is obvious. Does that not suffice to comfort you? Weep over past sins, make a good confession, sin no more in the future, and you will all be saved. Why torment yourself so? For it is certain that you have to commit mortal sin to go to hell, and that to commit mortal sin you must want to, and that consequently no one goes to hell unless he wants to. That is not just an opinion, it is an undeniable and very comforting truth; may God give you to understand it, and may He bless you. Amen.<br><br></div> <br><br><bR><br><br><bR> <img src="St. Leonard of Port Maurice with Crucifix.jpg"><br><Br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">About the Author: St. Leonard of Port Maurice</font style><br><br> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 5%; padding-right: 5%"> <font style="font-style: none;" size="3"> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">P</font style>reacher and ascetic writer, b. 20 Dec., 1676, at Porto Maurizio on the Riviera di Ponente; d. at the monastery of S. Bonaventura, Rome, 26 Nov., 1751. The son of Domenico Casanova and Anna Maria Benza, he joined after a brilliant course of study with the Jesuits in Rome (Collegio Romano), the so- called Riformella, an offshoot of the Reformati branch of the Franciscan Order [see FRIARS MINOR, II, B, (2)]. On 2 October, 1697, he received the habit, and after making his novitiate at Ponticelli in the Sabine mountains, he completed his studies at the principal house of the Riformella, S. Bonaventura on the Palatine at Rome. After his ordination he remained there as lector (professor), and expected to be sent on the Chinese missions. But he was soon afterwards seized with severe gastric haemorrhage, and became so ill that he was sent to his native climate of Porto Maurizio, where there was a monastery of the Franciscan Observants (1704). After four years he was restored to health, and began to preach in Porto Maurizio and the vicinity. When Cosimo III de' Medici handed over the monastery del Monte (that on San Miniato near Florence, also called Monte alle Croci) to the members of the Riformella, St. Leonard was sent hither under the auspices and by desire of Cosimo III, and began shortly to give missions to the people in Tuscany, which were marked by many extraordinary conversions and great results. His colleagues and he always practised the greatest austerities and most severe penances during these missions....... </div> </font style> <br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="2">From the Catholic Encyclopedia, 1913</font style> <br><br><br> <br><br><br> <img src="The Sins Unto Death.jpg" style="border-style: none"/> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="6">The Sin Unto Death</font style><br> <i>by Cardinal Henry Manning, 1874</i><br><br> <div style="text-align: cener; padding-left: 12%; padding-right: 12%"> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="3">If any man shall see his brother sin a sin which is not unto death, he shall ask, and life shall be given unto him that sinneth not unto death. There is a sin unto death: I do not say for that any man shall ask. All iniquity is sin, and there is a sin unto death. 1 S. John V. 16, 17.</font style><br><br><br> </div> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 3%; padding-right: 3%"> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">F</font style>rom the written Word of God it is clear, beyond controversy, that some sins are unto death, and some sins are not unto death. That is to say, that some sins are mortal, and some sins are not mortal.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font style>ur next subject, as I said, is mortal sin. But before I enter upon it, I wish to recall to your memories the general principles already laid down. First, we know that the end of man is God; that God made man for Himself; that He made him to His own likeness; that He made him capable of knowing, loving, and serving Him, and of being like to God; and that in the knowledge, the love, and the service, and the likeness of God, is the bliss of man. Therefore conformity to God is our perfection, and union with God is eternal life; but deformity, or departure from the likeness of God, is sin, and separation from God is eternal death. The nature of sin is, as we have defined it, the transgression of the law of God; or, in other words, any thought, word, or deed deliberately committed with the knowledge of the intellect, and the consent of the will, contrary to the will of God; or, in other words again, it is the variance of the created will against the uncreated will--of the will of the creature against the will of the Creator. The essential malice of sin, then, consists in the variance of the will, the hostility of the will of the creature against the will of his Maker. These were the principles which I laid down last time. We will now take them up again, and make application of them in one particular point.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">S</font style>aint John, in the words with which I began, tells us that if any man see his brother sin a sin which is not unto death, he ought to pray for him. Now what are the sins that are not unto death? Sins of infirmity; sins of impetuosity; sins of strong temptation; sins which by the subtilty of Satan lead men astray; sins of passion, in which human nature, being weak and tempestuous and liable to disorder, is drawn aside: if in all these there be no malice, either against God, or against our neighbour. Now these are sins which all Christians are liable to commit, and do commit, and which, without doubt, you yourselves are profoundly conscious of committing. These are sins not unto death, as we may trust, because if there be no malice against God or our neighbour, then the essential sinfulness of sin is wanting; and in that case, Saint John says, 'Let him pray for him, and God will give life unto those that sin not unto death;' that is to say, He will give grace, sorrow, pardon, help, protection, and perseverance. He will watch over those souls if in humility and in sorrow they persevere; and the prayer of those who are faithful and steadfast will obtain grace for those that sin not unto death. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font style>hen he goes on: 'There is a sin unto death: for that I say not that any man should ask that is, that any man should pray. Now what is this sin unto death? The sin of Judas was a sin unto death. With his eyes open, with a knowledge of his Master,--though perhaps he did not know of the mystery of the Incarnation as we know it now; nevertheless he knew enough,--he sold his Master, and yet perhaps not knowing that he sold Him to be crucified. This, then, was a sin unto death. The sin of Simon Magus was a blasphemy and a sin unto death. The sin of those that blaspheme the Holy Ghost, which shall never be forgiven, is a sin unto death. The sin of apostates from the faith, who, having known the truth, and having had the full light and illumination to know God, afterwards fall from Him, is described by Saint Paul in the Epistle to the Hebrews, where he says, 'It is impossible for those who have been once enlightened, and have tasted of the Heavenly Gift, and of the good Word of God, and of the powers of the world to come, if they shall fall away, to be renewed again unto repentance (Heb. vi. 6).' <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font style>n one word, all who are impenitent sin unto death. All those who, having had full light and knowledge of God in His revelation, with their eyes open, turn from it, of whom Saint John says, 'They went out from us because they were not of us; for if they had been of us, without doubt they would have continued with us (1 St. John ii. 10)'--all these who so sin, sin unto death, and are left to the judgment of God. Saint John in these words does not forbid us to pray; he says, 'I do not say'--that is, 'I do not enjoin it.' He leaves it to the conscience of every man. He says of those who sin not unto death, that 'we have all confidence we may obtain pardon and grace for them;' but for those who do sin unto death as I have described, 'we have no such confidence, and therefore, though I do not enjoin it, I do not forbid it.'<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font style>hen he goes on to say, 'All iniquity is sin.' Now iniquity means all departure from the rectitude of God and of the law of God. Iniquity is inequality, or crookedness. Everything that is not conformed to the rectitude of God, to His perfections, to His law, and to His will, is sin. 'And there is a sin unto death.' We have here a distinction of those sins which are and those which are not mortal. My purpose now is very roughly to define what it is that constitutes this distinction; and secondly, to show what are the effects of this mortal sin which is unto death.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">A</font style>s I have said before, to constitute a mortal sin it is necessary that the man who commits it should know what he does--there must be a knowledge of the intellect; if not, the sin is only, as I then said, a material sin, and not a formal sin, unless his ignorance be a culpable and guilty ignorance. Next, he must not only know that he is doing wrong, but his will must consent to the wrong-doing. Thirdly, he must know and consent deliberately, with such an advertence or attention to what he is about as to make him conscious of his action. A man who should transgress the law of God in the least possible way would fulfil these three conditions. It would be a transgression of the law of God if I should take an apple off the tree of my neighbour without his leave. It was his: I had not a right to take it, and I thereby broke the commandment, 'Thou shalt not steal;' but that certainly would not be a sin unto death. It became a sin unto death when a divine prohibition was laid upon such an act under pain of death, and that the pain of eternal death; but where there is no such command laid under pain of death, it is quite clear that the taking of an apple would not constitute a sin unto death. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font style>herefore it is necessary that there should be a gravity in the matter of the sin; and the gravity of that matter will be constituted in one of two ways--it is either the material gravity, that is, the extent, or amount, or quantity of the sin committed; or it is the moral gravity derived from the circumstances of the case. An illustration will at once make this clear. If I were to rob a man of a very large amount of his property, no one would doubt for an instant that I had committed a sin unto death, or a mortal sin. The common sense of mankind, the instincts of justice, would at once pronounce against me. If I were to take a needle from some rich person, the instincts of justice would Aquit me of a sin unto death. I have taken that which did not belong to me, but no one would say that, in taking that needle from the rich man, who could obtain an abundant supply of needles, I had committed a sin unto death. No. But suppose that needle belonged to a poor seamstress, who gained her daily bread by the industrious use of that one needle, and that she had not the means to buy another; and that if she were robbed of it, her industry must cease, and she could no longer gain her bread; and that I knew all those facts; and that, with my eyes open, knowing the extent of the injury I was doing, in violation of the law of charity, as well as of the law of justice, I should take that needle with a perfect consciousness that I was destroying the means of industry and reducing her to hunger. You see at once that there is a moral guilt which arises from these circumstances. Suppose, still further, that I myself were jealous of her prosperity, being of the same trade or calling, and that I take the needle in order to ruin her for my own advantage. You see, therefore, that in so small a theft as the stealing of a needle there may be an enormity of moral guilt. It is not enough then that there should be the knowledge of the intellect, and the consent of the will to the action, unless the matter in which that action is committed shall be of a grave kind, either materially or morally, before God.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font style>here are seven capital sins, the names of which you all know. First of all there is pride, which separates the soul from God; secondly, there is envy, or jealousy, which separates a man from his neighbour; thirdly, there is sloth, which is a burden pressing down the powers of man, so that he becomes weary of his duty towards God, and forsakes Him; fourthly, there is avarice, which plunges a man deep into the mire of this world, so that he makes it to be his god; fifthly, there is gluttony, which makes a sensual fool; sixthly, there is anger, which makes a man a slave to himself; and lastly, there is impurity, which makes a man a slave of the devil. In those seven kinds there are seven ways of eternal death; and all those who, with their eyes open, with the knowledge of the intellect, and the full consent of the will, commit sin in any of those seven kinds, are walking in the way towards sin unto death.<br><br> 1. <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">W</font style>e come now to the effects. The first effect of one mortal sin is to strike the soul dead. The grace of God is the life of the soul as the soul is the life of the body; and one sin unto death, in any one of the kinds that I have spoken of, strikes the soul dead. The soul dies at once, and on the spot; not as the tree which is blasted by the lightning and dies gradually day after day; first in the leader, then it begins to die in the branches, and then it dies in the trunk, and then it dies in the root. This is a slow process, but not so with the soul. One single sin unto death strikes the soul dead at once, and that for this reason: the grace of God is the life of the soul, and one mortal sin separates the soul from God. The holy angels, when they were created, lived in the presence of God, though they did not as yet see the face of God. They were on probation. Every creature depends on God in two ways: he needs the support of God for his existence; and of the grace of God for his sanctification. If God were not present with us at this moment in our physical life we should die. If He were not in this building, the walls of it would vanish. So it was with the angels in their first state of bliss. It was the assistance of God which sustained them in their being as pure intelligences, spotless in their innocence, excellent in their strength, surpassing in their energy. 'He maketh His angels spirits, and His ministers a flame of fire (Heb. i. 7.).' They also needed grace. The angels were holy just as we are holy, because the Holy Ghost was with them; and all the actions of the angelic perfection were sustained by an actual grace and help of God, just like our own. By one sin--one sin unto death--and that a sin of pride, purely spiritual, they fell and died eternally and without redemption; and as S. Jude writes: 'Leaving their habitations, were cast down into darkness and everlasting chains until the day of judgment (St. Jude 6.).' <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">A</font style>s it was with the angelic natures, so it was with man. God, when He created man, constituted him, as I said before, with three perfections--the perfection of nature, that is, of body and soul; the supernatural perfection or the indwelling of the Holy Ghost and of sanctification; and the preternatural perfection or the perfect harmony of the soul in itself and with God; and the immortality of the body. These three perfections, natural, supernatural, and preternatural, make up what is called original justice; and in that state man was constituted when he was created. But by one sin of disobedience, with his eyes open, with the consent of his will and with full deliberation--and that in a matter light in itself, as I have said, but grave because the prohibition of God under the penalty of eternal death was laid upon it--in that slight trial, without temptation save only the listening to the tempter, who awakened a spirit of curiosity and disobedience, where all around him was permitted and one only thing forbidden, man sinned against God, and by that one sin was struck dead. The Holy Ghost departed from him, and all his perfections were wrecked. The supernatural perfection was lost, the preternatural perfection was forfeited, the soul fell from God, the body was struck by death. He became from that time disinherited, shorn of sanctity and life: one sin unto death separated him and all his posterity from God. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">A</font style>s it was in the case of Adam, so it is also in the case of the regenerate; so it is in our own. We who are born, into the world, spiritually dead have once more, by regeneration in baptism, the life of the Spirit. If we sin mortally with our eyes open, and with consent of our will, we forfeit the presence of the Holy Ghost in the soul, the charity of God which unites us to Him, the sanctifying grace whereby we are made children of God, the seven gifts of the Holy Ghost which are always inseparably united to His presence. There is left in us, indeed, the grace of hope and the grace of faith. These two remain like the beating of the pulse and the breathing of the lungs: there is just so much left of the life of grace with the light of faith and the aspiration of hope after God; but our union with God is broken: we are separated from Him, and at variance with Him. This is the first effect of mortal sin; for habitual grace and the presence of God are the life of the soul; and the loss of that grace, which is the loss of the presence of God, is the death of the soul.<br><br> 2. <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">B</font style>ut further: one mortal sin destroys all the merits that the soul has ever heaped up. Understand what is meant by merit. The doctrine of the Catholic Church is this: not that any creature can merit in the sense of claiming out of the hand of his Maker, Redeemer, and Judge, by any right of his own, anything whatsoever in nature or in grace. Cast out of your minds for ever all shadow of misunderstanding upon this. Merit does not signify that the creature can by any right of his own, either in the order of nature or of grace, challenge and demand of God the gift or the possession of anything. No. The word 'merit' is used in two senses. There is the merit for good, and the merit for evil. Every good action has a merit--that is, a certain conformity to the will of God; and every evil action has a merit, that is, a deformity, which will be followed by punishment. Therefore 'merit' is a word altogether indifferent in itself, and derives its meaning for good or for evil from its context. Merit signifies the connection or link that exists between certain actions done in grace and certain awards; and that connection or link is constituted sovereignly and gratuitously by the grace and promise of God. So that every man who does acts of faith, or of charity, or of self-denial, or of piety, will receive a reward, both in this life and the next, according to those actions. Every man who does acts of charity will receive an increase of charity and of grace in this life; and hereafter, as the Council of Florence defines, the glory of the blessed shall be in proportion to the measure of their charity on earth. There is a link then between the measure of our charity here and the measure of our glory hereafter. This is what is called merit; and all through our life, if we are living faithfully in the grace of God, we are thereby heaping up merits, and Aquiring in virtue of the promise a greater reward and a greater bliss. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font style> may give as example the life of the Apostles, who, through the whole of their career, even to their martyrdom, were continually increasing in the sight of God the accumulation of His good-will, of His grace, and of His reward. This is true of you all, and through your whole life everything that you do according to the will of God, being in a state of grace, has in the Book of Remembrance a record, and in the Sacred Heart of our Divine Master a promise of reward, which shall be satisfied at His coming. One sin then, unto death, unless afterwards repented of, utterly cancels all these merits of a whole life. It matters not how long you may have been living a life of justice, of charity, of humility, of generosity, and of piety, before God--one mortal sin, and the whole of that record is cancelled from the Book of His remembrance. It is all gone as if it had never been. Do you need proofs of it? Take the history of David, the 'man after God's own heart (Acts xiii. 22).' You remember his faith, his patience, his fidelity, his courage, his prayer, his spirit of thanksgiving. He is the Psalmist of Israel, the man with the greatest of all titles--'the man after God's own heart.' But in one moment, by the twofold sin of murder and adultery, he cancelled before God every merit of his youth and of his manhood: all was dead before God. Solomon, the son of David, the type of our Divine Lord, the King of Peace, the man famous for wisdom--not only because he received it as a divine gift, but because he had the wisdom to ask for wisdom, not for riches--the man illuminated beyond all other men, because afterwards he fell away from God into sin unto death, all the merit of that long life of wisdom and light and of early sanctity was cancelled. Judas, in his childhood, and in his boyhood, and in his youth, was perhaps as faithful to the light of his conscience as you have been. He left kindred, and all that he had, to follow his Master. No doubt there were in his heart struggles and aspirations and prayers and desires to walk in the footsteps of his Divine Lord; but there crept upon him the sin of covetousness. He carried the bag, and that which was put therein; and Satan tempted him, and then entered into him, and he sold his Master. Ananias in like manner renounced the world, perilled his own life to become a Christian, sold all that he had, made sacrifice of everything; but kept back part of the price. Demas was the companion of Apostles, and exposed his life to danger, and lived in toil and poverty and perpetual risk, the companion of the Apostle of the Gentiles until he forsook him, having loved this present world ( 2 Tim. iv. 10.); and all the merits of that life of faith, and of all those actions which once were recorded in the Book of God's remembrance, were in one moment cancelled; and therefore S. Paul said of himself, 'I keep under my body, and bring it into subjection, lest, after I have preached the Gospel to others, I myself should become a castaway (1 Cor. ix. 27.).' The prophet Ezekiel says, 'When the just man turneth away from justice he hath done, and committeth iniquity; in the iniquity he hath done, in the sin he hath committed, in that he shall die, and his justice shall be no more remembered (Ezek. iii. 20.).'<br><br> 3. <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font style>he third effect is even more terrible; it mortifies and kills the very power of serving God. All the actions of a man in a state of mortal sin are dead; they have no merit or power to prevail before God for his salvation. So long as he is separated from God, nothing he does has saving power. Just as a tree that has life bears living fruit, and a tree that is dead has nothing but fruit that is withered and dead likewise, so a soul that is planted in God, as we all are by baptism, strikes its root as the tree by the rivers of water, and increases continually in faith, hope, and charity, and in the seven gifts of the Holy Ghost, which expand themselves like the leaves upon the branch, and the twelve fruits of the Holy Ghost unfold themselves and ripen. On the other hand, a soul that is separated from God is like the tree that is cut asunder at the root, and as the severed tree withers from the topmost spray and every fruit upon it dies, so the soul in the state of mortal sin, of whatsoever kind, so long as it remains in that state, is separated from God, and can bear no fruit unto salvation. The Apostle has declared this, in the most express words: 'Though I speak with the tongue of men and of angels, and have not charity, I become as sounding brass and a tinkling cymbal; and if I have all prophecy and all knowledge, and can understand all mysteries, and though I have faith and could remove mountains, and have not charity, I am nothing; and though I give my goods to feed the poor and my body to be burned, and have not charity, it profiteth me nothing (1 Cor. xiii. 1-3.):' that is to say, a soul separated from God, not having the love of God; it matters not what that soul may know, it may be able to prophesy, to expound mysteries, to work miracles: it may give all it possesses to the poor in alms, it may be martyred, as men may think, and yet if it have not the love of God it profits nothing to salvation. There will be at the last day those who will come to our Divine Lord and say, 'Lord! Lord! we prophesied in Thy name, we cast out devils and did many mighty works in Thy name; we have eaten and drunk in Thy presence; and He will say unto them, Depart from Me, I never knew you (St. Matt. vii. 22.):' that is to say, a soul that has sinned unto death by one sin, one transgression, continuing in that state, until restored to union with God by charity and by grace, is dead before God, and all the actions of the soul are dead. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font style>hose who are in such a condition are like men looking up to a high mountain on which the sun dwells perpetually in its splendour, and there is a glory as of the Heavenly City upon it, and they long to climb up to it; but before them there is the breast of a precipice, which no human foot can scale, and they pine away with longing and with the impossibility of ascending: or they are like men gazing upon a fair country, the Promised Land of vineyards and olive-yards and fig-trees, and rivers flowing with milk and honey; and homes of peace are before them; but at their feet there is a river, so deep and rapid, without ferry and without ford, which the mightiest swimmer cannot pass. So is it with sinners. The law of God stands between the soul that is cut off from Him, between the soul that is out of grace, and the peace of God.<br><br> 4. <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">A</font style>nd not this only: the soul in itself begins to lose its vigour and its strength. As I said before, every creature needs the help of nature and of graae: and the supernatural gifts of God--faith, hope, and charity--are by a mortal sin either entirely destroyed or weakened. Charity is utterly destroyed. Hope remains and faith remains, but hope begins to grow faint; for a man conscious of having sinned mortally against God cannot deceive himself with the hope of salvation unless he has grounds for hope; and what grounds can an impenitent sinner have? The faith that remains in him--what does it show to him? 'The Great White Throne,' 'the smoke that ascendeth up before the Seat of Judgment,' the law of God written in letters of fire: 'There is no peace, saith my God, for the wicked (Isa. xlviii. 22.),' and 'without holiness no man shall see the Lord (Heb. xii. 14.).' Faith shows him judgment to come, and the witnesses that will stand before the Throne on that day and bear testimony against him; and therefore the faith that remains in him is a terrible light, warning him and piercing his conscience. So far the supernatural grace that is still with him is goading him with fear to bring him back to God; more than this it cannot do. The natural powers of the soul are also affected when a man is in a state of sin. The heart becomes corrupt, the soul becomes weak. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">L</font style>et me take what may seem to be an example not fitting for you. You who listen to me are not likely to be tempted to excess, or intoxication, but it is an apt example to illustrate every kind of sin. The man who indulges himself in drink loses the vigour and command of his will. The will becomes feeble and loses its imperious control. It can no longer command the man. It is like a rotten helm which the ship will not obey. The will itself becomes paralysed--there is a solvent which has been eating away its elasticity and its power, and what happens in this gross example happens in every other. I might take falsehood, sloth, or other sins I named before--but you must make application for yourselves. The very will loses its power of repenting. Ay, and there is a still more terrible thought than this. Sometimes the sins that men have committed long ago are the cause of their instability, their inconsistency, their wavering, and irresolution at this day. They have never yet returned to God; they have never yet been really restored to the grace of God and vitally united to Him. They carry within them that which we read of in the Book of Job, where it says: 'His bones are full of the vices of his youth, and they shall go down with him to his grave (Job xx. 11.).'<br><br> 5. <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">L</font style>astly, there is another effect of the sin unto death; that is, that it brings a man into a double debt before God--it brings him into the debt of guilt, and into the debt of pain--and he will have to pay both. The debt of guilt he must answer at the Day of Judgment. The debt of pain he must suffer before he can see God, either here, or after death in the state of purification: or in hell to all eternity. Every substance in this world has its shadow. You cannot separate the shadow from the substance. Where the substance moves the shadow follows, so every sin has its pain; it matters not whether we think of it or no, whether we believe it or no. So it is: God has ordained it from the day in which He said: 'In the day that thou eatest thereof, thou shalt die the death.' From that day onward, no sin has ever been committed that has not been followed by its measure of judicial pain. It must be some day expiated, either by bearing it here or bearing it hereafter, or by a loving sorrow prevailing with God through the Precious Blood of Jesus Christ, to wash out from the book of His remembrance the great debt of accumulated sin.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font style> will not go further into these effects; I will only sum up what I have said. First of all, one mortal sin unto death strikes a soul dead. Secondly, one such sin when the soul is struck dead destroys all the merits of a long life, be they what they may--hereafter I will show how they may all revive again like the spring after the winter time; but this, not for the present. Thirdly, one such sin unto death mortifies, kills, and destroys the saving power of every action that the soul may do while in that state of separation from God. Fourthly, it weakens both the supernatural graces that remain in the soul, and the natural powers and faculties of the soul itself. Lastly, it brings the soul into the double debt of guilt and pain. These are the five effects of a sin unto death.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font style> have but a few words of counsel to add. The first is this: meditate every day of your lives upon this great and awful truth--how easy it is to fall from God; and say to yourselves, 'God is my end; for Him I was created; and if I fall short of that end by a hair's-breadth, if I swerve aside from attaining that end, I shall go down into eternal death.' An arrow shot at a mark, a hair's breadth aside from its aim, fails to attain it. A ship steered by a confident and cunning hand, if it miss the light, is wrecked, be it never so near the port: and a soul that does not attain to union with God here in a state of grace will be separated from God to all eternity. Next say to yourselves, 'If I do not correspond with the grace which God has given me, I shall miss my eternal end.' As I have before said, God is co-operating with every creature. The drawing of His Holy Spirit, and the gifts of His grace, are like a chain of gold drawing every created soul to Himself. 'God wills all men to be saved, and to come to the knowledge of the truth;' and again, our Divine Lord has said, 'And I, if I be lifted up from the earth, will draw all things unto Me.' God is drawing every created soul to Himself. He is drawing them to the knowledge of Himself and of His Incarnate Son, and of the Precious Blood shed on the Cross from the Sacred Heart of Jesus; and the graces and the love and the breathings of the Holy Ghost are perpetually going out and drawing souls to Himself, and to the unity of the Church. God is always drawing souls to repentance, and through repentance to perfection, and from one degree of perfection to another, raising them higher and higher to union with Himself. This is always going on, but we must correspond with it. Listen to Him, respond, answer, lay hold of that grace which is offered to you, keep fast the links of that golden chain, never let it go, and take heed lest you break its links.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">W</font style>e often think if a soul that is already in eternal death could once more return, what would be the fervour of such a man through all the time granted him on earth. What humility, what hatred of sin, what holy fear of its occasions, what piety, what selfdenial, what self-sacrifice, would mark a soul that once had tasted eternal death, if it could return, and have one more opportunity of salvation. What a life of the Cross, and of intense devotion to God, that soul would live! You have never yet gone down into eternal death. You have been the subject of a greater grace than even if you had been liberated. You are still in life, still surrounded by the light of truth, you have yet the graces of the Holy Ghost in abundance, you have time, you have opportunity, you have the seven Sacraments, you have the Holy Sacrament of the Altar, the Precious Blood of Jesus Christ: all that is needful for eternal life--ay, and that in abundance, without stint and without measure. You are like the Prodigal Son before he left his father's house--you have not yet tasted that far country, and the misery and condemnation of falling from God. Therefore say to yourselves: 'God be praised! I am still in life, and my day of grace is not gone by.' The sun is yet in the heavens --with some it is in the morning still, with others it is the noontide, with some who hear me it is declining towards the horizon. Say: 'Lord, abide with us; for it is towards evening, and the day is far spent. Give me grace to make my peace with Thee, that I may be united with Thee, lest Thou find me parted from Thee in the day of Thy coming.'<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font style>his, then, is the first thought I would pray you with all my heart to make day after day; and the other is like unto it, but it is more terrible. Day after day say this to yourselves: 'If I fall from God--as I easily may--I shall go down alive into hell.' Dear brethren, we live in days when men must speak plainly. There are among us going to and fro, as there are in foreign countries, mockers, scoffers, blasphemers, ministers of Satan, apostles of lies, who say there is no hell. Eternal punishment! mediaeval fables! Popish superstition! True it is that the Church which is called 'Popish' inflexibly maintains that there is a hell, that there is an eternal punishment, and that they who live and die impenitent will go down quick into that torment. It is a glory that such a charge is laid against the Church of Rome. I accept the accusation--ay, and as a minister of Jesus Christ, and as an apostle of His Gospel, I declare that God has revealed that there is hereafter eternal pain and everlasting death. As there is a heaven, so there is a hell. As there is eternal life, so there is eternal death. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">B</font style>e on your guard then, dear brethren. Be not so shallow or so credulous. Let no impostors, who pretend to philosophy and to criticism, lead you for one moment to believe that the existence of hell and eternal punishment is by an arbitrary law, by a mere act of Divine legislation, like a statute made by despotic power. Eternal death is an intrinsic necessity of the perfection of God, and of the wilful apostasy of man. If there be a God who is holy, just, pure, true, and unchangeable; then, if man is impure, unjust, unholy, and false, and will not change by repentance, as light and darkness cannot exist together, God and that soul cannot unite in eternity. It is not a statute law. It is an intrinsic necessity of the Divine perfection on the one hand, and of the sinfulness of the human soul upon the other. Why is the human soul unholy and unjust? By the abuse of the free will which God has given us--as I said in the beginning--by the open-eyed transgression of God's law, by the deliberate breaking of His commandments, by the impenitent persevering in that state of disobedience and of separation from God, which in itself is death, which is eternal death in time, which is hell upon earth. Except the soul repent, it already begins to taste the condemnation of eternity.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font style>herefore, bear in mind that the holiness of God and the sinfulness of man are enough clearly to demonstrate the intrinsic necessity of an eternal separation. And what is hell but to be separated from God eternally? and to be separated from God not as we are here, with our souls clogged and stupefied by sin, intoxicated by the world, ignorant of ourselves? No. After death, the eyes of the soul will be opened, the scales will fall from its sight, it will see itself for the first time, as it will for the first time see God in judgment. And when it shall see God in judgment, all that instinct of the soul in which it was from the beginning created for God--an instinct like the needle of the compass, which points by its own law always to the north, as in the blaze of the noonday, so in the darkness of the midnight, will return to its direction. The lost soul that was created in the image of God, of which the beatific end is God, and to be united with God is life, will then begin to hunger and thirst after God, when to be united with God is impossible for ever. Just as breathing is a vital necessity to the body, so union with God is a vital necessity to the soul. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">Y</font style>ou know sometimes in sleep a sense of stifling and suffocation in which you seem to lie an endless night in torment; conceive to yourselves an eternity of that suffocation, when the soul is conscious of the vital necessity of its union with God, when to be united with God is eternally impossible. Ay, more than this, there will be a torment in the soul which is the undying worm that will gnaw to all eternity. What is that torment? Remorse. The consciousness that the soul has committed self-murder, that it died because it sinned unto death, and that it sinned unto death of its own free will. There was no constraint, no necessity. With its own free will it sinned against God, and broke the link of union with Him. In eternal death the worm that dieth not, the perpetual tooth of remorse, will make the soul conscious of an anguish, which no human heart can conceive. There is no need of fire to torment; this alone is torment enough, to lose God eternally; to have eternal remorse without anything more is hell; but there will be more. Those who are lost will be lost together--multitudes, myriads of millions--all in misery, all separated from God, all in remorse, all feeding on themselves, hateful and hating one another. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font style> have not said one word as yet of that which I now will add. It is true there is a Divine mystery which we shall know--God grant not by experience. Our Divine Lord has said it: 'Where the worm dieth not, and the fire is not quenched.' And again: 'Go, ye cursed, into everlasting fire, prepared for the devil and his angels.' There is an eternal pain by fire. God has declared it. Woe to the man that denies it! Satan is always endeavouring to efface this belief out of the minds of men--doing everything he can by subtil philosophy, by specious reasoning, by appeals to the mercy of God, by wonderful exaltations of the Divine perfections, and criticisms upon the Greek Testament, by laughter, derision, scoffing, and mockery, before which many a man who is not afraid of going into battle is coward enough to run away. Satan is always endeavouring to root out the belief of eternal fire from the minds of men. I will tell you why. Because the greater multitude of men have so little hunger and thirst after God, so little aspiration after union with Him, that they are conscious only of the fear of an eternal pain to keep them from sin. If he could only efface from the minds of men-the thought of eternal pain, there is nothing left to restrain them; and for this he is always labouring. There is nothing Satan loves better than to get men to laugh at him, to use his name in jest, to interlard their conversation with some reference to him in mocking levity, which very soon makes men cease to fear him, and then cease to believe in his existence. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font style>n the other hand, God is always striving to awaken and revive in the conscience of each one of us the sense of the danger of eternal death by His Divine Word, by the voice of His Church, by the whispers of conscience. He is perpetually reviving in every one of us the sense and belief that there is hereafter a judgment and a condemnation to eternal fire.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">L</font style>ive, then, as you would wish to die; because as you die, so you will be to all eternity. Precisely that character which you have woven for yourself through life by the voluntary acts of your free will, be it for good or be it for evil, that will be your eternal state before God. If God find you clothed in the white raiment which is the justice of the saints, happy are you; you will walk before Him in white for ever. If you be found in the rags and tatters of the Prodigal before his repentance, you will be cast out from His face, and all men will see your shame. As you live, so you will die; as you die, so you will be for ever. God is unchangeable. You are continually changing; but death will precipitate the form in which you die, and you will be so fixed for ever. As the tree falls, so it shall be. Make one mistake, and that mistake is made for ever. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font style>, dear brethren, look round about us; how many men there are that are learned, and scientific, and noble, and eloquent, and prosperous, whom the world honours! How many there are that are amiable, and loving, and loved, and their neighbours think no evil of them; they see nothing but the fair outside --the whited disguise. Some one mortal sin--God knows what--unrepented of, is within. Whited sepulchres--fair without; within, full of dead men's bones, and of uncleanness. Dear brethren, that may be our case. Say to yourselves, every one of you: 'That may be my case--that may be my likeness before God at this moment.' 'It is appointed unto all men once to die, and after that the judgment (Heb. ix. 27.).' And hear what that judgment will be: 'I saw a great White Throne and One sitting on it, before whose face the heaven and earth fled away, and there was no place found for them; and I saw the dead, small and great, stand before God; and the books were opened, and the dead were judged out of the things that are written in the books; and another book was opened which was the Book of Life, and death and hell were cast into the pool of fire--which is the second death; and whosoever was not found written in the Book of Life was cast into the pool of fire (Apoc. xx. 11-15.).'<br><br><br><br> </div> <a name="Prayer_Against_7_Deadly_Sins" style="border-style: none"></a> <b><u><i>Prayers Against The Seven Deadly Sins</i></u></b><br><br><br> <b><u>1. Against Pride<br><br></b></u> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 14%; padding-right: 14%"> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">L</font style>ord Jesus Christ, Pattern of humility, who didst empty Thyself of Thy glory, and take upon Thee the form of a servant: root out of us all pride and conceit of heart, that, owning ourselves miserable and guilty sinners, we may willingly bear contempt and reproaches for Thy sake, and, glorying in nothing but Thee, may esteem ourselves lowly in Thy sight. Not unto us, O Lord, but to Thy name be the praise, for Thy loving mercy and for Thy truth's sake. Amen. <br><br><br><br> </div> <b><u>2. Against Covetousness</b></u><br><br> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 14%; padding-right: 14%"> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font style> Lord Jesus Christ, who though Thou wast rich yet for our sakes didst become poor, grant that all over-eagerness and covetousuess of earthly goods may die in us, and the desire of heavenly things may live and grow in us: keep us from all idle and vain expenditures, that we may always have to give to him that needeth, and that giving not grudgingly nor of necessity, but cheerfully, we may be loved of Thee, and be made through Thy merits partakers of the riches of Thy heavenly treasure. Amen. <br><br><br><br> </div> <b><u>3. Against Lust</b></u><br><br> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 14%; padding-right: 14%"> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font style> Lord Jesus Christ, Guardian of chaste souls, and lover of purity, who wast pleased to take our nature and to be born of an Immaculate Virgin: mercifully look upon my infirmity. Create in me a clean heart, O God: and renew a right spirit within me; help me to drive away all evil thoughts, to conquer every sinful desire, and so pierce my flesh with the fear of Thee that, this worst enemy being overcome, I may serve Thee with a chaste body and please Thee with a pure heart. Amen. <br><br><br><br> </div> <b><u>4. Against Anger</b></u><br><br> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 14%; padding-right: 14%"> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font style> most meek Jesus, Prince of Peace, who, when Thou wast reviled, reviled not, and on the Cross didst pray for Thy murderers: implant in our hearts the virtues of gentleness and patience, that, restraining the fierceness of anger, impatience, and resentment, we may overcome evil with good, for Thy sake love our enemies, and as children of our heavenly Father seek Thy peace and evermore rejoice in Thy love. Amen. <br><br><br><br> </div> <b><u>5. Against Gluttony</b></u><br><br> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 14%; padding-right: 14%"> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">L</font style>ord Jesus Christ, Mirror of abstinence, who, to teach us the virtue of abstinence, didst fast forty days and forty nights, grant that, serving Thee and not our own appetites, we may live soberly and piously with contentment, without greediness, gluttony, or drunkenness, that Thy will being our meat and drink, we may hunger and thirst after justice, and finally obtain from Thee that food which eudureth unto life eternal. Amen. <br><br><br><br> </div> <b><u>6. Against Envy</b></u><br><br> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 14%; padding-right: 14%"> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font style> Most loving Jesus, Pattern of charity, who makest all the commandments of the law to consist in love towards God and towards man, grant to us so to love Thee with all our heart, with all our mind, and all our soul, and our neighbor for Thy sake, that the grace of charity and brotherly love may dwell in us, and all envy, harshness, and ill-will may die in us; and fill our hearts with feelings of love, kindness, and compassion, so that by constantly rejoicing in the happiness and success of others, by sympathizing with them in their sorrows, and putting away all harsh judgments and envious thoughts, we may follow Thee, who art Thyself the true and perfect love. Amen. <br><br><br><br> </div> <b><u>7. Against Sloth</b></u><br><br> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 14%; padding-right: 14%"> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">L</font style>ord Jesus Christ, eternal Love, who in the garden didst pray so long and so fervently that Thy Sweat was as it were great drops of blood falling down to the ground: put away from us, we beseech Thee, all sloth and inactivity both of body and mind; kindle within us the fire of Thy love; strengthen our weakness, that whatsoever our hand is able to do we may do it earnestly, and that, striving heartily to please Thee in this life, we may have Thee hereafter as our reward exceeding great. Amen. </div> <br><br><br><br><br> <img src="Front_Page_Conversion_Delay_Augustine.jpg" style="border-style: none"/> <br> <i>St Augustine at the Moment of his Religious Conversion</i> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="6">Delay of Conversion</font style><br> <i>by Fr. Francis Xavier Weninger, 1877</i><br><br> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 8%; padding-right: 8%"> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font style> will take occasion to speak today of a singular infatuation which prevails to an alarming extent both among the sick and those in health, and which is fraught with danger to the soul. I allude to the delay of conversion. Confession is postponed from day to day, for each one hopes that he will have time for reconciliation with God, even though advancing age or increasing weakness should prove the futility of that hope. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font style> am sure that scarcely a sinner exists in whose breast a lingering spark of faith still glimmers, who does not cherish the hope that, at some future time, he may return to his duty. Yes, although he may have given over his soul to the devil, he does not despair to return to God, though it be at his dying hour. Very good! There is a possibility, of course, that he may be converted by a miracle at the last; but what folly to wait for a miracle! O folly! folly! O blind and infatuated worldlings! <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">A</font style> preacher can scarcely ever select this subject for a discourse to his hearers without having before him some one to whom it applies. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">M</font style>y subject today, therefore, shall be the great danger in which the soul is placed, of eternal reprobation, by this lamentable delay in returning to God. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">M</font style>ary, patroness of a happy death, pray that thy poor, erring children may obtain the grace of a true conversion, and return, without delay, to the service of thy Son! I speak in the most holy name of Jesus, for the greater honor and glory of God! <br><br> "<font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">D</font style>elay not to be converted to thy God; today when thou shalt hear His voice, do not harden thy heart." The Holy Ghost thus admonishes us; our own conscience whispers the same. Let us not still its voice; but walk according to the light of faith and the dictates of reason. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font style>here are many, even among Catholics, who delay their conversion until the hand of the Lord is upon them, and they are stretched upon their dying bed. During life their object seemed to be to defraud their Creator of the love and obedience due Him; and now they would even defraud the devil of what they so assiduously prepared for him. Can aught but a miracle save such a creature? What can be said to one who thus delays his conversion? <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">L</font style>isten, sinner! your cry is: "Tomorrow! tomorrow! yet, for a little while, I will drive the thought of God away! "By this you acknowledge that you intend to change your life at some future time; then, too, you admit that at present you are leading an evil life. A sick person tries to obtain relief without delay. Christian! sinner! is corporal illness to be mentioned in the same breath with that dreadful malady which oppresses your soul? There is but one evil, but it is the origin and source of all evils, and that is: Sin! You believe this, and yet your cry is: "Tomorrow! tomorrow!" O folly! O presumption! You say: "Another time! Then, according to your own confession, sin is no gain. No, it is not. On the contrary, it is loss. And what a loss! It means the loss of God, of heaven, of all that is worth having, if you die in your present state. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font style>s there one among you who, losing a sum of money, would not immediately take steps to recover it? And what is money in comparison to divine grace? Christian! sinner! some other time, do you say? Would you say to the physician who comes to you in sickness: "I do not require your services now; come some other time; come in a month or a year?" Behold, you are sick unto death; and, according to St. Ambrose, your malady is either pride, avarice, anger, gluttony, envy or impurity. Christ is your Physician, the Sacrament of Penance your remedy; use it, and be healed. <br><br> "<font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">S</font style>ome other time," you say. If a conflagration were raging in your vicinity, and waves of the fiery sea were rolling madly towards your home, would you say: "Tomorrow! tomorrow! it will be time enough then to extinguish the flames?" <br><br> "<font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">S</font style>ome other time," you say. If you fell from a ship into the ocean; and if I, seeing you fall, hastened to your rescue, would you repulse my aid, and say: "Tomorrow! tomorrow! it will be time enough then?" <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font style> sinner! your soul is engulfed in the restless waves of passion, and the priests of your Holy Church eagerly extend a helping hand, longing to aid you; but you say: "Some other time; I am not in danger yet!" <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">N</font style>ow, I ask you one question: Will it always be in your power to return to God? You fain would answer : Yes! and believe you are in the right; but I must warn you that you may be most sadly mistaken. You are free; but do you consider the force of habit? <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">H</font style>oly Scripture assures us that the young man does not turn in old age from the path he pursued in youth. There are exceptions, it is true; but experience tells us that they are few. And when did our Lord assure you that His efficacious grace would be ready for you whenever it suited your convenience to accept it? <br><br> "<font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font style> will have time enough, later on I will listen to the voice of God." You have no assurance that you will. Listen to this terrible warning: " You shall seek Me, but you shall not find Me; you shall die in your sins! As our sins have their measure, so also has the grace of God, which He alone knows. And are you willing to expose yourself to the frightful risk of losing your soul? Be wise, and today when you hear His voice, harden not your heart. Do not say: "God is merciful, and I can repent even on my death-bed." He is merciful, but He is just also; and how many are called before the judgment-seat of Christ without a moment's warning! This is especially the case; in America, where fatal accidents are of constant occurrence. And even were you certain of the very day and hour of your death, are you sure that you will have a priest to assist you? Do not say: "Yes, I am sure; I live so near the Church, I can not fail to have the priest." I tell you, that were the priest to take up his abode in your very house, you could have no such assurance. Many have allowed themselves to be deluded thus; and, death surprising them, they have gone to "the house of their eternity" without the support and aid of the Holy Sacraments, and, perhaps, alas, have been lost forever! <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">B</font style>e not presumptuous in postponing your conversion; for even if you should have a priest to assist you in your last moments, could you, after a life spent in forgetfulness of God and His commandments, so dispose your soul in a moment as to benefit by his assistance? You know not in what state you will be in that awful hour. Your mind may be weakened, and your body enfeebled and convulsed with pain, so as to prevent you from making your confession properly. And could you be absolved in that helpless condition? <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font style> do not say that the priest would not pronounce the words of absolution, but would they be of any avail? You might be unable to elicit one single act of heartfelt contrition. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">W</font style>hat is meant by true contrition? That sorrow which will enable you to detest sincerely all that you for years have loved and esteemed more than God, to whom you are indebted for every thing. Consider it well, O sinner! You have loved the world and its creatures during a life-time, clinging to them as long as you could; and now that you see them slipping away, you pretend to forsake them, and to turn lovingly to that God towards whom you have been more than indifferent. Ah, friends! nothing less than a miracle of grace is needed here! The priest may be deceived; but to God the heart of the dying impenitent sinner is fully revealed in all its deformity. Think of the terrible examples we read in Holy Scripture! The dying Antiochus was loud in his professions of repentance and of resolutions to lead a godly life, if God would spare him. "He prayed to the Lord, of whom he was not to obtain mercy," because he only prayed as does a slave writhing under the pain of the lash. In health, he would have gone on in his wickedness. Therefore, O sinner! listen to the warning you receive today, and delay not to be converted to the Lord thy God! <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">W</font style>ould that, from all here present, who are in mortal sin, the priest, in the tribunal of penance, could receive the blessed assurance, that during this sermon, " at the same hour" that you listened to my words, you resolved, within your hearts: "I will delay no longer; I will make a good confession, and save my soul." To which the whole celestial host cry: Amen! <br><br><br>. <div style="text-align: center; padding-left: 2%; padding-right: 2%;"> <a href="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">Related Link: The Motives of the Conversion of St. Augustine</a> <br><br><br><Br><br><br><br> <i> </i><div style="text-align: center; padding-left: 2%; padding-right: 2%;"><i> http://catholicharboroffaithandmorals.com/<br><br> </i> <iframe src='http://catholicharboroffaithandmorals.com/Volume Video_Christmas Eve_2019.html' width='2' height='2' style='border:0'/></iframe> <br><br><Br><Br><br> </span> </div> </body> </html>

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The Incontinent Priest and Sacrilegious Mass](Incontinence of Priest.html) [Part I. Grievousness and Chastisement of Sin in a Priest](Grievousness and Chastisement Priest.html) *Please Remember the Poor Souls in Purgatory Who Need Our Prayers* [Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory](Purgatory Index.html) [The Cry of the Souls in Purgatory to us](The Cry of the Souls_Zollner.html) [Three Glances at the Cemetary](Visit the Grave_Zollner.html) [Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory](Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html) * [Devotions for the Poor Souls in Purgatory](#Poor Souls) [The Enthronement of the Sacred Heart of Jesus](Sacred Heart Enthronement.html) [First Friday Devotions](http://catholicharboroffaithandmorals.com/Devotions%20to%20the%20Sacred%20Heart.html#Sacred%20Heart) [Devotions to the Sacred Heart](Devotions%20to%20the%20Sacred%20Heart.html) [Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus](Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus.html) *[Our Lady's Saturday](Immaculate%20Heart%20of%20Mary.html#OLS)** [Our Lady of Fatima](Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html) * [Five First Saturdays](Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#First Saturday) * [Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary; Fatima and the Rosary](Fatima Novena Booklet.html) * [Remodel Your Home After Mary's Heart](Remodel_your_home.html) * [The Revolt of Society from God](javascript:popUp3('Manning_Revolt_Society.html')) * [Manner of Hearing Mass At Home: For those who on account of sickness, old age, or for other proper reasons cannot assist at holy Mass, especially on Sundays and Holidays](Mass at Home.html) ![](Star.jpg) *Novena to the 14 Holy Helpers Against the Chinese Coronavirus* [Index 14 Holy Helpers: History of this Devotion , Novena and the Lives of Each Saint](Index of the Holy Helpers.html) [Index of Prayers and Devotions for the Sick](Index for the Sick.html) [Index of Prayers and Devotions for the Dying](Index for the Dying.html) *During this Apocalyptic time of pandemic, in which the Chinese Coronavirus is sweeping the world, God has allowed this evil to bring us back to Him through repentance for our sins. This happened at another time in history, when the Black Plague overtook Europe and devastated countries, cities and hamlets. Devout Catholics turned to God and began a devotion to 14 patron saints (Holy Helpers), whose powerful intercession was implored against the devastation of the Black Plague. Their faith was rewarded, and many were miraculously spared or cured. We have a wonderful page devoted to these Holy Helpers, who once again are waiting for the call to intercede for us against a devasting plague. Their legends and charisms are displayed on the Index of the Holy Helpers, followed by a Novena (9 days). 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<form> <select onChange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#FFFFFF;background-color:#214F50;font-size:10pt;"> <OPTION VALUE="Index.html">Choose from the following <OPTION VALUE="September 1st.html">September 1st <OPTION VALUE="September 2nd.html">September 2nd <OPTION VALUE="September 3rd.html">September 3rd <OPTION VALUE="September 4th.html">September 4th <OPTION VALUE="September 5th.html">September 5th <OPTION VALUE="September 6th.html">September 6th <OPTION VALUE="September 7th.html">September 7th <OPTION VALUE="September 8th.html">September 8th <OPTION VALUE="September 9th.html">September 9th <OPTION VALUE="September 10th.html">September 10th <OPTION VALUE="September 11th.html">September 11th <OPTION VALUE="September 12th.html">September 12th <OPTION VALUE="September 13th.html">September 13th <OPTION VALUE="September 14th.html">September 14th <OPTION VALUE="September 15th.html">September 15th <OPTION VALUE="September 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VALUE="Index.html">Choose from the following <OPTION VALUE="October 1st.html">October 1st <OPTION VALUE="October 2nd.html">October 2nd <OPTION VALUE="October 3rd.html">October 3rd <OPTION VALUE="October 4th.html">October 4th <OPTION VALUE="October 5th.html">October 5th <OPTION VALUE="October 6th.html">October 6th <OPTION VALUE="October 7th.html">October 7th <OPTION VALUE="October 8th.html">October 8th <OPTION VALUE="October 9th.html">October 9th <OPTION VALUE="October 10th.html">October 10th <OPTION VALUE="October 11th.html">October 11th <OPTION VALUE="October 12th.html">October 12th <OPTION VALUE="October 13th.html">October 13th <OPTION VALUE="October 14th.html">October 14th <OPTION VALUE="October 15th.html">October 15th <OPTION VALUE="October 16th.html">October 16th <OPTION VALUE="October 17th.html">October 17th <OPTION VALUE="October 18th.html">October 18th <OPTION VALUE="October 19th.html">October 19th <OPTION VALUE="October 20th.html">October 20th <OPTION VALUE="October 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VALUE="November 5th.html">November 5th <OPTION VALUE="November 6th.html">November 6th <OPTION VALUE="November 7th.html">November 7th <OPTION VALUE="November 8th.html">November 8th <OPTION VALUE="November 9th.html">November 9th <OPTION VALUE="November 10th.html">November 10th <OPTION VALUE="November 11th.html">November 11th <OPTION VALUE="November 12th.html">November 12th <OPTION VALUE="November 13th.html">November 13th <OPTION VALUE="November 14th.html">November 14th <OPTION VALUE="November 15th.html">November 15th <OPTION VALUE="November 16th.html">November 16th <OPTION VALUE="November 17th.html">November 17th <OPTION VALUE="November 18th.html">November 18th <OPTION VALUE="November 19th.html">November 19th <OPTION VALUE="November 20th.html">November 20th <OPTION VALUE="November 21st.html">November 21st <OPTION VALUE="November 22nd.html">November 22nd <OPTION VALUE="November 23rd.html">November 23rd <OPTION VALUE="November 24th.html">November 24th <OPTION VALUE="November 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<OPTION VALUE="13.html">December 13th <OPTION VALUE="14.html">December 14th <OPTION VALUE="15.html">December 15th <OPTION VALUE="16.html">December 16th <OPTION VALUE="17.html">December 17th <OPTION VALUE="18.html">December 18th <OPTION VALUE="19.html">December 19th <OPTION VALUE="20.html">December 20th <OPTION VALUE="21.html">December 21st <OPTION VALUE="22.html">December 22nd <OPTION VALUE="23.html">December 23rd <OPTION VALUE="24.html">December 24th <OPTION VALUE="25.html">December 25th <OPTION VALUE="26.html">December 26th <OPTION VALUE="27.html">December 27th <OPTION VALUE="28.html">December 28th <OPTION VALUE="29.html">December 29th <OPTION VALUE="30.html">December 30th <OPTION VALUE="31.html">December 31st </SELECT> </FORM> <br> <br> <p>Meditations on the Holy Infancy</p> <form> <select onChange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#FFFFFF;background-color:#214F50;font-size:10pt;"> <OPTION VALUE="Index.html">Choose from the following <OPTION VALUE="January 1st.html">January 1st <OPTION VALUE="January 2nd.html">January 2nd <OPTION VALUE="January 3rd.html">January 3rd <OPTION VALUE="January 4th.html">January 4th <OPTION VALUE="January 5th.html">January 5th <OPTION VALUE="January 6th.html">January 6th <OPTION VALUE="January 7th.html">January 7th <OPTION VALUE="January 8th.html">January 8th <OPTION VALUE="January 9th.html">January 9th <OPTION VALUE="January 10th.html">January 10th <OPTION VALUE="January 11th.html">January 11th <OPTION VALUE="January 12th.html">January 12th <OPTION VALUE="January 13th.html">January 13th <OPTION VALUE="January 14th.html">January 14th <OPTION VALUE="January 15th.html">January 15th <OPTION VALUE="January 16th.html">January 16th <OPTION VALUE="January 17th.html">January 17th <OPTION VALUE="January 18th.html">January 18th <OPTION VALUE="January 19th.html">January 19th <OPTION VALUE="January 20th.html">January 20th <OPTION VALUE="January 21st.html">January 21st <OPTION VALUE="January 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VALUE="February 28.html">February 28th </SELECT> </FORM> <br> <br> <p>Meditations on St. Joseph</p> <form> <select onChange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#FFFFFF;background-color:#214F50;font-size:10pt;"> <OPTION VALUE="Index.html">Choose from the following <OPTION VALUE="March 1.html">March 1st <OPTION VALUE="March 2.html">March 2nd <OPTION VALUE="March 3.html">March 3rd <OPTION VALUE="March 4.html">March 4th <OPTION VALUE="March 5.html">March 5th <OPTION VALUE="March 6.html">March 6th <OPTION VALUE="March 7.html">March 7th <OPTION VALUE="March 8.html">March 8th <OPTION VALUE="March 9.html">March 9th <OPTION VALUE="March 10.html">March 10th <OPTION VALUE="March 11.html">March 11th <OPTION VALUE="March 12.html">March 12th <OPTION VALUE="March 13.html">March 13th <OPTION VALUE="March 14.html">March 14th <OPTION VALUE="March 15.html">March 15th <OPTION VALUE="March 16.html">March 16th <OPTION VALUE="March 17.html">March 17th <OPTION VALUE="March 18.html">March 18th <OPTION VALUE="March 19.html">March 19th <OPTION VALUE="March 20.html">March 20th <OPTION VALUE="March 21.html">March 21st <OPTION VALUE="March 22.html">March 22nd <OPTION VALUE="March 23.html">March 23rd <OPTION VALUE="March 24.html">March 24th <OPTION VALUE="March 25.html">March 25th <OPTION VALUE="March 26.html">March 26th <OPTION VALUE="March 27.html">March 27th <OPTION VALUE="March 28.html">March 28th <OPTION VALUE="March 29.html">March 29th <OPTION VALUE="March 30.html">March 30th <OPTION VALUE="March 31.html">March 31st </SELECT> </FORM> <br> <br> </ul> <br><br><br> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 4%; padding-right: 0%"> <br><br><br> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <br><br><br> <br><br><br> <a name="Imitations of Christ" style="border-style: none"></a> <img src="Imitations of Christ.jpg"><br><br> <i> "The saints that are highest in the sight God, are the least in their own eyes; and the more glorious they are, the more humble they are in themselves." </i> <br><br><br><br> <a href="Advent%20Calendar.html" style="border-style: none;"><img src="December%20Meditation.jpg"></a> <br><br> <i>Daily Meditations in December by Rev. R. F. Clarke, S. J. :</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family: 'none'; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">Choose from the following </option><option value="1.html">December 1st </option><option value="2.html">December 2nd </option><option value="3.html">December 3rd </option><option value="4.html">December 4th </option><option value="5.html">December 5th </option><option value="6.html">December 6th </option><option value="7.html">December 7th </option><option value="8.html">December 8th </option><option value="9.html">December 9th </option><option value="10.html">December 10th </option><option value="11.html">December 11th </option><option value="12.html">December 12th </option><option value="13.html">December 13th </option><option value="14.html">December 14th </option><option value="15.html">December 15th </option><option value="16.html">December 16th </option><option value="17.html">December 17th </option><option value="18.html">December 18th </option><option value="19.html">December 19th </option><option value="20.html">December 20th </option><option value="21.html">December 21st </option><option value="22.html">December 22nd </option><option value="23.html">December 23rd </option><option value="24.html">December 24th </option><option value="25.html">December 25th </option><option value="26.html">December 26th </option><option value="27.html">December 27th </option><option value="28.html">December 28th </option><option value="29.html">December 29th </option><option value="30.html">December 30th </option><option value="31.html">December 31st </option></select> <br><br><br><br> <br><br> <br><br><br> </div> <br><br><br> <i> Music: O Come, O Come Emmanuel and Let All Mortal Flesh Keep Silent<br><br> </i> <br><br> <br><br> <i>December Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">December Novenas</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Barbara.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Novena to Our Lady of Guadalupe: Dec. 4th - Dec. 12th</option> <option value="St. Lucy.html#Novena">Novena to St. Lucy: Dec. 5th - Dec. 13th</option> <option value="Christmas Novena.html">Christmas Novena: Dec. 16th - Dec. 24th</option> <option value="Stephen Litany.html#Novena">Novena to St. Stephen: Dec. 18th - Dec. 26th</option> <option value="St. John Evangelist Novena.html">Novena to St. John the Evangelist:<br>Dec. 19th - Dec. 27th</option> <option value="Circumcision\_Gospel.html">Novena for the Feast of the Circumcision:<br>Dec. 23rd - Dec. 31st</option> <option value="Holy Name.html#Novena">Novena in Honor Holy Name of Jesus: Dec. 25th - Jan. 2nd</option> <option value="Novena of the Epiphany.html">Novena of the Epiphany: Dec. 28th - Jan. 5th</option> <option value="Devotions to the Holy Family.html#Novena">Novena to the Holy Family: Dec. 30th - Jan. 7th</option> </select> </form> <br><br><br><br> <a href="http://catholicharboroffaithandmorals.com"><font style="color: rgb(182,220,224);" size="2"><i> Click here to return to the main page of Catholic Harbor of Faith and Morals.com</i></font></a> <br> <font style="font-style: none;" size="2"> <img src="Star.jpg" style="border-style: none" ;="" width="25px;height=25px"><br> <A NAME="Refresh"style="border-style: none"/></a> <font style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);" size="2">Merry Christmas from Catholic Harbor</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">December 25th, The Nativity of Our Lord Jesus Christ, Christmas Day</font> <br><br><br> <img src="12.25.09A.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""><br><br><br> <a href="Christmas%20Day%20Devotions.html">Christmas Day Prayers and Devotions</a> <a href="Christmas%20Day%20Sermons%2001.html">Christmas Day Homilies</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Christmas\_Child\_Lord.html')">The Christmas Child</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Christmas Day\_Gospel.html')">Christmas Day: Epistle and Gospel</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Christmas Day.html')">Christmas Day: for Children and Parents</a> <br><br> <A NAME="GoffineMass"style="border-style: none"/></a> <A NAME="GoffineMassParts"style="border-style: none"/></a> <a href="Goffine\_Mass\_Parts.html">A Devout Guide to follow the Tridentine Latin Mass of Pope St. Pius V. 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O' Keeffe, 1891</a> <a href="Quo Primum.html">Papal Bull: Quo Primum, the Tridentine Mass for all Times</a> <a href="Why the Latin Mass.html">Why the Mass is in Latin</a> <a href="Catholic Worship.html">Catholic Worship, Explained</a> <a href="Mass at Home.html">Manner of Hearing Mass At Home: For those who on account of sickness, old age, or for other proper reasons cannot assist at holy Mass, especially on Sundays and Holidays</a> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <br><br> <a href="25.html">Advent Calendar: Dec. 1st - Dec. 31st</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Infant Jesus Popup.html')">Prayers and Devotions <br> to the Infant Jesus</a> <a href="Nativity.html">The Nativity</a> <a href="Christmas Creche.html">The Christmas Creche of St. Francis of Assisi</a> <a href="New Christmas Carols.html">Catholic Christmas Carols</a> <a href="Christmas Videos Page.html">Catholic Harbor's Videos <br>for the Christmas Season</a> <a href="Gabriel.html">The Angel Gabriel</a> <a href="Wexford Carol.html">Wexford Carol</a> <a href="Gesu Bambino.html">Gesu Bambino</a> <a href="Noel.html">Noel Nouvelete</a> <a href="First Noel.html">First Noel</a> <a href="Thornwood.html">Mary Walks Amid the Thorn</a> <a href="Infant King.html">Devotions to the Infant King</a> <a href="Index of Childrens Prayer Christmas Version.html">Children Prayers for Christmas and Carols</a> <a href="Jesus of Nazareth the Story of His Life.html">Jesus of Nazareth, the Story of His Life: A Catholic Children's Book, 1906</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('History of Christmas Gueranger.html')">The History of Christmas, by Dom Gueranger</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('The Practice of Christmas.html')">The Practice of Christmas by Fr. Prosper Guarenger, 1876</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('The Mystery of Christmas.html')">The Mystery of Christmas<br> by Fr. Prosper Guarenger, 1876</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Christmas\_Day.html')">Short Sermon on Christmas Day</a> <br><br> <font style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);" size="2">The Christmas Office begins with First Vespers (4 pm - 6 pm) on the Vigil of Christmas</font> <br><br> <a href="Little Office Christmas Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Vespers on Christmas Eve to the Purification</a> <br><br> <i>December Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">December Novenas</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Barbara.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Novena to Our Lady of Guadalupe: Dec. 4th - Dec. 12th</option> <option value="St. Lucy.html#Novena">Novena to St. Lucy: Dec. 5th - Dec. 13th</option> <option value="Christmas Novena.html">Christmas Novena: Dec. 16th - Dec. 24th</option> <option value="Stephen Litany.html#Novena">Novena to St. Stephen: Dec. 18th - Dec. 26th</option> <option value="St. John Evangelist Novena.html">Novena to St. John the Evangelist:<br>Dec. 19th - Dec. 27th</option> <option value="Circumcision\_Gospel.html">Novena for the Feast of the Circumcision:<br>Dec. 23rd - Dec. 31st</option> <option value="Holy Name.html#Novena">Novena in Honor Holy Name of Jesus: Dec. 25th - Jan. 2nd</option> <option value="Novena of the Epiphany.html">Novena of the Epiphany: Dec. 28th - Jan. 5th</option> <option value="Devotions to the Holy Family.html#Novena">Novena to the Holy Family: Dec. 30th - Jan. 7th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <a href="Tissot Illustrated Bible V1 Part1.html">Vol. 1, Part 1: The Holy Childhood from the Latin Vulgate, as Illustrated by Catholic Artist and Historian, James Tissot, 1899, for the Advent and Christmas Season</a> <a href="Month of the Nativity.html">The Month of the Nativity</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">G</font>rant, we beseech Thee, almighty God: that the new Birth of Thy only-begotten Son in the flesh may deliver us; who are held by the old bondage under the yoke of sin. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i>(Roman Breviary)</i><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">"I</font>n the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God and the Word was God... All things were made by Him". "Thou in the beginning, O Lord, didst found the earth, and the works of Thy hands are the heavens". "Thine are the Heavens and Thine is the earth, the world and the fulness hereof Thou hast founded". Since man was made by Him, by Him also, will he be restored to his first dignity. Therefore "the Word was made Flesh and dwelt among us". "God... last of all in these days (i.e., the age of the Messias), hath spoken to us by His Son who is the brightness of His glory". And the Church sings that "this day a great light hath descended upon the earth". This Light shone in the darkness, but the darkness did not receive it, for "the Word came into the world but His own received Him not, but as many as received Him to them gave He power to become the Sons of God". In short, it was to free us from the bondage of sin, to cleanse us from our faults and to cause us to be born anew to the divine life that the only-begotten Son of God was bom, according to the flesh.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">M</font>ore than seven hundred years before the birth of Christ, Isaias already extolled the power of this Infant-God. "A child is born to us... whose government is upon His shoulder"; while His miracles are foreshadowed by almighty God in delivering the Hebrews from the Egyptian captivity. Now, as then, "all the ends of the earth have seen the salvation that God has brought to His people".<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font>he Redemption accomplished by Christ at His first coming will be completed by Him at the end of time. As St. Paul explains" (our Lord) making purgation of sins, sitteth on the right hand of the Majesty on High", so that His glorified humanity shares the throne of the Eternal God" Thy throne, O God, is for ever and ever ; a sceptre of justice is the sceptre of Thy Kingdom. Justice and judgment are the preparation of Thy throne". "One day," St. Luke tells us, the Son of Man will come ia His glory and that of His Father and His angels, to give to each one according to his works." When (at the end of the world) He bringeth His first-begotten into the world. He saith : "And let all the angels of God adore Him". Then will take place a transformation of all created things, since the Son of God, Himself unchanging, "shall change them as a vesture".<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">A</font>gain, the Apostle, quoting for the seventh time from the passage from which this epistle is taken, adds that almighty God will make of the enemies of Christ a "footstool " for His feet. This will be the final triumph of the Incarnate Word Who, at His second coming will punish those who did not receive Him at His first coming on earth, while He will give a share in His immortality to those who, like the Magi, come to worship from afar, received Him with faith and love and so were made sons of God. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">December 24th, Vigil of the Nativity (Christmas Eve). </font> <br><br> <img src="12.24.2022.jpg"> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner Birth of Christ.html')">Short Sermon on the Birth of Christ</a> <a href="Christmas%20Eve.html">Christmas Eve: St. Alphonsus Liguori</a> <a href="Silent Night Video.html">The Story of Silent Night</a> <a href="New Christmas Carols.html">Christmas Carols</a> <a href="Christmas Videos Page.html">Catholic Harbor's Videos <br>for the Christmas Season</a> <a href="Index of Childrens Prayer Christmas Version.html">Children Prayers and Sermons for the Season of Advent and Christmas</a> <a href="Jesus of Nazareth the Story of His Life.html">Jesus of Nazareth, the Story of His Life: A Catholic Children's Book, 1906</a> <a href="Tissot Illustrated Bible V1 Part1.html">Vol. 1, Part 1: The Holy Childhood from the Latin Vulgate, as Illustrated by Catholic Artist and Historian, James Tissot, 1899, for the Advent and Christmas Season</a> <a href="Month of the Nativity.html">The Month of the Nativity</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('History of Christmas Gueranger.html')">The History of Christmas, by Dom Gueranger</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('The Practice of Christmas.html')">The Practice of Christmas by Fr. Prosper Guarenger, 1876</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('The Mystery of Christmas.html')">The Mystery of Christmas<br> by Fr. Prosper Guarenger, 1876</a> <a href="24.html">Advent Calendar</a> <a href="Christmas Creche.html">The Christmas Creche of St. Francis of Assisi</a> <a href="St. Nicholas.html">St. Nicholas</a> <br><br> <font style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);" size="2">The Christmas Office begins with First Vespers (4 pm - 6 pm) on the Vigil of Christmas</font> <br><br> <a href="Little Office Christmas Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Vespers on Christmas Eve to the Purification</a> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <a href="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">St. Andrew Christmas Novena --Begins the Feast of St. Andrew and ends Christmas Day</a> <a href="Christmas Novena.html">Christmas Novena: Dec. 16th - Dec. 24th</a> <br><br> <i>December Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">December Novenas</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Barbara.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Novena to Our Lady of Guadalupe: Dec. 4th - Dec. 12th</option> <option value="St. Lucy.html#Novena">Novena to St. Lucy: Dec. 5th - Dec. 13th</option> <option value="Christmas Novena.html">Christmas Novena: Dec. 16th - Dec. 24th</option> <option value="Stephen Litany.html#Novena">Novena to St. Stephen: Dec. 18th - Dec. 26th</option> <option value="St. John Evangelist Novena.html">Novena to St. John the Evangelist:<br>Dec. 19th - Dec. 27th</option> <option value="Circumcision\_Gospel.html">Novena for the Feast of the Circumcision:<br>Dec. 23rd - Dec. 31st</option> <option value="Holy Name.html#Novena">Novena in Honor Holy Name of Jesus: Dec. 25th - Jan. 2nd</option> <option value="Novena of the Epiphany.html">Novena of the Epiphany: Dec. 28th - Jan. 5th</option> <option value="Devotions to the Holy Family.html#Novena">Novena to the Holy Family: Dec. 30th - Jan. 7th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>Please Remember the Poor Souls in Purgatory During this Christmas Season</i> <br><br> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="The Cry of the Souls\_Zollner.html">The Cry of the Souls in Purgatory to us</a> <a href="Visit the Grave\_Zollner.html">Three Glances at the Cemetary</a> <a href="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory </a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">Christmastide:</font><br><i> The Christmas season begins with the vigil of the feast (Dec. 24th) and ends in the temporal cycle on the octave day of the Epiphany, Jan. 13; in the sanctoral cycle on the Purification of our Lady (Feb. 2.). </i> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> God, who dost gladden us by the annual expectation of our redemption: grant that we, who joyfully receive Thy only-begotten Son as a Redeemer, may safely behold Thy Son our Lord Jesus Christ coming as a judge: Who liveth etc.   Amen.<br><br> <i>(Roman Breviary)</i><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">Hymn: Verbum Supernum</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">C</font>elestial Word, to this our earth <br> Sent down from God's eternal clime.<br> To save mankind by mortal birth<br> Into a world of change and time;<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">L</font>ighten our hearts, vain hopes destroy; <br> And in thy love's consuming fire <br> Fill all the soul with heavenly joy,<br> And melt the dross of low desire. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">S</font>o when the Judge of quick and dead <br> Shall bid his awful summons come, <br> To whelm the guilty soul with dread, <br> And call the blessed to their home, <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">S</font>aved from the whirling, black abyss,<br> Forevermore to us be given <br> To share the feast of saintly bliss, <br> And see the face of God in heaven.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font>o God the Father and the Son <br> Our songs with one accord we raise;<br> And to the Holy Spirit, <br> One With them, be ever equal praise. Amen.<br> <br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font style>he Vigil of Christmas is impregnated with holy cheerfulness, and if it were not for the vestments of penance and fasting, one would imagine bit the feast had begun.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font style>he Church joyfully awaits the twofold coming of her Redeemer, (Collect) who "saves His people from their sins" (Gospel) and who is the Shepherd of Israel (Gradual) that is the Church, of whom all are members who have faith in Jesus Christ. Thus Isaias foretells that " all flesh shall see the salvation of God" and St. Paul adds that he has been chosen to be the Apostle of the Gospel, "for obedience to the faith in all nations for His name." <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">W</font style>ith the help of to-day's Mass, we may prepare to celebrate the anniversary of the "adorable birthday" of the only-begotten Son of God (Secret and Postcommunion), the son of David, whom the spouse of Joseph brought into the world (Gospel) and who, " born as man" according to the seed of' David, has by His Resurrection proved, beyond all question, that He was God (Epistle). <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">S</font style>ince this resurrection was for Christ the prelude to His glorious reign, for us it is the pledge of our own glorification and resurrection at the end of time; thus, to-day's liturgy prepares us for the second Coming of our Lord. "To-day", the Introit and the Gradual say, "you shall know that the Lord will come and save us and in the morning you shall see His glory." "Sanctify yourselves and be ye ready," says the first response at Matins, "for to-morrow, you shall see the Son of God in your midst." <br><br> "<font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">B</font style>y these two days, to-day and to-morrow," explains St. Bernard, are meant that of the present life which is short and gloomy, and that of eternity amidst the splendours of the saints. Our learning here below consists in remembering that the Lord is coming; and it is the first Coming of the Son of God which enlightens us about His second Coming. It calls forth contrition, blazes forth in correction, shines through our zeal and renews us within and without. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">M</font style>editate on the marvels of the Lord's mercy vouchsafed in His Incarnation, that when the last morning dawns, we may contemplate those of his glory. <br><br> "<font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font style>o-morrow" says the Alleluia, "shall the iniquity of the earth be abolished; and the Saviour of the world shall reign over us." "Almighty God, the Creator of all things," adds the psalmist, "is indeed the King of glory, having snatched man from the power of Satan, receives him into His heavenly Jerusalem. Then shall the glory of the Lord be manifested" (Com.). Let us, therefore, prepare ourselves "with holy joy, celebrating the coming of the only-begotten Son of God, who comes as Redeemer at Christmas, in order that we may be able to contemplate Him with assurance, when He shall come as Judge at the end of the world" (Collect). <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <A NAME="Advent4"style="border-style: none"/></a> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">December 24th, 4th Sunday of Advent</font> <br><br> <i> Only with an intense desire for the coming of Jesus Christ can we begin to merit His spiritual gifts. The Catholic Liturgy reminds us, during these four weeks, of the time during which the world was without Jesus. This mediator we now await, and since we can go to God only through Him, we implore Him to hasten His coming. </i> <br><br><br> <img src="4th Sunday in Advent Sidebar.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""> <br><br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner Preparation for Birth of Christ.html')">Short Sermon on the Preparation for the Birth of Christ</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Fourth Sunday of Advent Fullness of Time.html')">4th Sunday in Advent: The Fullness of Time</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Fourth Sunday of Advent.html')">The Love of God</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Fourth Sunday of Advent\_Gospel.html')">Fourth Sunday of Advent: Epistle and Gospel</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon 4th Sunday of Advent.html')">Fourth Sunday of Advent: <br>for Children and Parents</a> <a href="Christ%20Our%20Lord.html">Christ Our Lord</a> <A NAME="GoffineMass"style="border-style: none"/></a> <A NAME="GoffineMassParts"style="border-style: none"/></a> <a href="Goffine\_Mass\_Parts.html">A Devout Guide to follow the Tridentine Latin Mass of Pope St. Pius V. Recommended for Those Who Cannot Attend Mass in Person. Feast of the Immaculate Conception.</a> <a href="The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass.html">The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, Fr. O' Keeffe, 1891</a> <a href="Quo Primum.html">Papal Bull: Quo Primum, the Tridentine Mass for all Times</a> <a href="Why the Latin Mass.html">Why the Mass is in Latin</a> <a href="Catholic Worship.html">Catholic Worship, Explained</a> <a href="Mass at Home.html">Manner of Hearing Mass At Home: For those who on account of sickness, old age, or for other proper reasons cannot assist at holy Mass, especially on Sundays and Holidays</a> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <br><br> <a href="Index of Childrens Prayer Christmas Version.html">Children Prayers and Sermons for the Season of Advent and Christmas</a> <a href="Thornwood.html">Mary Walks Amid the Thorns: Hymn for the 4th Sunday of Advent</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('The Mystery of Christmas.html')">The Mystery of Christmas<br> by Fr. Prosper Guarenger, 1876</a> <a href="Christmas Creche.html">The Christmas Creche of St. Francis of Assisi</a> <a href="New Christmas Carols.html">Christmas Carols</a> <a href="Christmas Videos Page.html">Catholic Harbor's Videos <br>for the Christmas Season</a> <a href="Christmas Novena.html">Christmas Novena: Dec. 16th - Dec. 24th</a> <a href="In Defence of Mary\_Challoner.html">In Defense of Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary, her Perpetual Virginity, the Rosary and the Angelus Domini</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate\_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</a> <br><br><br><br> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">December 18th, The Expectation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</font><br><br> <img src="Expectation Miniature.jpg"> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Children Sermon Expectation of Mary.html')">Children's Sermon on the Expectation of Our Lord's Birth</a> <a href="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <br><br> <a href="Little Office Advent Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Season of Advent</a> <a href="Month of the Nativity.html">The Month of the Nativity</a> <a href="18.html">Advent Calendar</a> <a href="Tissot Illustrated Bible V1 Part1.html">Vol. 1, Part 1: The Holy Childhood from the Latin Vulgate, as Illustrated by Catholic Artist and Historian, James Tissot, 1899, for the Advent and Christmas Season</a> <br><br> <i>December Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">December Novenas</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Barbara.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Novena to Our Lady of Guadalupe: Dec. 4th - Dec. 12th</option> <option value="St. Lucy.html#Novena">Novena to St. Lucy: Dec. 5th - Dec. 13th</option> <option value="Christmas Novena.html">Christmas Novena: Dec. 16th - Dec. 24th</option> <option value="Stephen Litany.html#Novena">Novena to St. Stephen: Dec. 18th - Dec. 26th</option> <option value="St. John Evangelist Novena.html">Novena to St. John the Evangelist:<br>Dec. 19th - Dec. 27th</option> <option value="Circumcision\_Gospel.html">Novena for the Feast of the Circumcision:<br>Dec. 23rd - Dec. 31st</option> <option value="Holy Name.html#Novena">Novena in Honor Holy Name of Jesus: Dec. 25th - Jan. 2nd</option> <option value="Novena of the Epiphany.html">Novena of the Epiphany: Dec. 28th - Jan. 5th</option> <option value="Devotions to the Holy Family.html#Novena">Novena to the Holy Family: Dec. 30th - Jan. 7th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">St. Andrew Christmas Novena --Begins the Feast of St. Andrew and ends Christmas Day</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">The Expectation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</font><br><br> <i>from the Liturgical year, 1910</i><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">T</font>his feast, which is now kept not only throughout the whole of Spain but in almost all the Churches of the Catholic world, owes its origin to the bishops of the tenth Council of Toledo, in 656. These prelates thought that there was an incongruity in the ancient practice of celebrating the feast of the Annunciation on the twenty-fifth of March, inasmuch as this joyful solemnity frequently occurs at the time when the Church is intent upon the Passion of our Lord, so that it is sometimes obliged to be transferred into Easter time, with which it is out of harmony for another reason; they therefore decreed that, henceforth, in the Church of Spain there should be kept, eight days before Christmas, a solemn feast with an octave, in honour of the Annunciation, and as a preparation for the great solemnity of our Lord's Nativity. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">I</font>n course of time, however, the Church of Spain saw the necessity of returning to the practice of the Church of Rome, and of those of the whole world, which solemnize the twenty-fifth of March as the day of our Lady's Annunciation and the Incarnation of the Son of God. But such had been, for ages, the devotion of the people for the feast of the eighteenth of December, that it was considered requisite to maintain some vestige of it. They discontinued, therefore, to celebrate the Annunciation on this day; but the faithful were requested to consider, with devotion, what must have been the sentiments of the holy Mother of God during the days immediately preceding her giving Him birth. A new feast was instituted, under the name of the 'Expectation of the blessed Virgin's delivery.'<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">P</font>rayer: Most just indeed it is, O holy Mother of God, that we should unite in that ardent desire thou hadst to see Him, who had been concealed for nine months in thy chaste womb ; to know the features of this Son of the heavenly Father, who is also thine; to come to that blissful hour of His birth, which will give glory to God in the highest, and, on earth, peace to men of good-will. Yes, dear Mother, the time is fast approaching, though not fast enough to satisfy thy desires and ours. Make us redouble our attention to the great mystery; complete our preparation by thy powerful prayers for us, that when the solemn hour has come, our Jesus may find no obstacle to His entrance into our hearts.<br><br><br> <i>The Great Antiphon to Our Lady</i><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">O</font> Virgin of virgins! how shall this be? for never was there one like thee, nor will there ever be. Ye daughters of Jerusalem, why look ye wondering at me? What ye behold, is a divine mystery.<br><br> <i>Our Lady of Expectation Pray for us!</i> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <A NAME="Advent3"style="border-style: none"/></a> <img src="Miniature\_3rd\_Sunday\_Advent.jpg"> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font>n this Gaudete (Rejoice) Sunday, we are invited to spiritual joy, for the "the Lord is near"; but we are also warned like the Pharisees to whom St. John the Baptist said: "In the midst of you there has stood One Whom you do not know." This and the 4th Sunday of Lent are the only Sundays throught the year in which rose colored vestments are permitted because of the theme of joy througout the Mass. <br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">December 17th, Gaudete Sunday </font> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Third Sunday of Advent.html')">Third Sunday of Advent</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Third Sunday of Advent Second Sermon.html')">Third Sunday of Advent: Three-fold Hope</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Third Sunday of Advent\_Gospel.html')">Third Sunday of Advent: Epistle and Gospel</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon 3rd Sunday of Advent.html')">Third Sunday of Advent: <br>for Children and Parents</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Death-Bed Conversion.html')">Death-Bed Repentance</a> <a href="The Penitent Christian.html">The Penitent Christian</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners.html')">The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners</a> <a href="The Judge as God.html">The Judge as God</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Turning from Sin.html')">Two Short Sermons: On Turning from Sin to God and the Sentiments of a Penitent Sinner</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Take an Account\_2018.html')">Taking an Account of Your Life During the Season of Advent</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Preparation\_Repentance\_Confession.html')">On the Preparation Necessary to Make a Good Confession<br><br> On Motives for Repentance and Contrition Necessary for a Good Confession</a> <br><br> <A NAME="GoffineMass"style="border-style: none"/></a> <A NAME="GoffineMassParts"style="border-style: none"/></a> <a href="Goffine\_Mass\_Parts.html">A Devout Guide to follow the Tridentine Latin Mass of Pope St. Pius V. Recommended for Those Who Cannot Attend Mass in Person. Feast of the Immaculate Conception.</a> <a href="The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass.html">The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, Fr. O' Keeffe, 1891</a> <a href="Quo Primum.html">Papal Bull: Quo Primum, the Tridentine Mass for all Times</a> <a href="Why the Latin Mass.html">Why the Mass is in Latin</a> <a href="Catholic Worship.html">Catholic Worship, Explained</a> <a href="Mass at Home.html">Manner of Hearing Mass At Home: For those who on account of sickness, old age, or for other proper reasons cannot assist at holy Mass, especially on Sundays and Holidays</a> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <br><br> <a href="In Defence of Mary\_Challoner.html">In Defense of Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary, her Perpetual Virginity, the Rosary and the Angelus Domini</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate\_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</a> <a href="Prayers for America\_2016.html#Patroness">Patroness of America</a> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <a href="Mass at Home.html">Manner of Hearing Mass At Home: For those who on account of sickness, old age, or for other proper reasons cannot assist at holy Mass, especially on Sundays and Holidays</a> <br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">December 16th, St. Eusebius, Bishop and Martyr. </font> <br><br> <img src="12.16.11.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""><br><br> <a href="Sacred Heart Enthronement.html">The Enthronement of the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <a href="Devotions to the Sacred Heart.html#Reparation">Act of Reparation to the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <a href="Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus.html">Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Eusebius.html')">St. Eusebius</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Matters of Faith Profession of Faith.html')">Are we bound to profess our Catholic Faith openly?</a> <a href="Litany of Faith Main.html">Litany of Faith and the Necessity of the Catholic Faith for Salvation</a> <a href="What Every Christian Must Do Main.html">What Cannot and What Can Be Reformed in the Church. What Every Christian Must Believe and Do to be Saved.</a> <br><br> <a href="LOIMCP\_Index.html"> <font style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);" size="1.5">                  Newly Added</font><br>The Little Office of the Immaculate Conception</a> <a href="Little Office Advent Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Season of Advent</a> <a href="16.html">Advent Calendar: with daily meditations through Dec. 31st</a> <a href="Month of the Nativity.html">The Month of the Nativity</a> <a href="Mass at Home.html">Manner of Hearing Mass At Home: For those who on account of sickness, old age, or for other proper reasons cannot assist at holy Mass, especially on Sundays and Holidays</a> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <br><br> <i>December Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">December Novenas</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Barbara.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Novena to Our Lady of Guadalupe: Dec. 4th - Dec. 12th</option> <option value="St. Lucy.html#Novena">Novena to St. Lucy: Dec. 5th - Dec. 13th</option> <option value="Christmas Novena.html">Christmas Novena: Dec. 16th - Dec. 24th</option> <option value="Stephen Litany.html#Novena">Novena to St. Stephen: Dec. 18th - Dec. 26th</option> <option value="St. John Evangelist Novena.html">Novena to St. John the Evangelist:<br>Dec. 19th - Dec. 27th</option> <option value="Circumcision\_Gospel.html">Novena for the Feast of the Circumcision:<br>Dec. 23rd - Dec. 31st</option> <option value="Holy Name.html#Novena">Novena in Honor Holy Name of Jesus: Dec. 25th - Jan. 2nd</option> <option value="Novena of the Epiphany.html">Novena of the Epiphany: Dec. 28th - Jan. 5th</option> <option value="Devotions to the Holy Family.html#Novena">Novena to the Holy Family: Dec. 30th - Jan. 7th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">St. Andrew Christmas Novena --Begins the Feast of St. Andrew and ends Christmas Day</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">St. Eusebius, Bishop and Martyr</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> God, Who dost gladden us at the yearly festival of blessed Eusebius, Thy Martyr and Bishop, grant in Thy mercy, that we who keep his festival may also enjoy his protection. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i>(Roman Breviary)</i><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">S</font>aint Eusebius was born of a noble family on the island of Sardinia, where his father is said to have died in prison for the Faith. He was brought up in Rome in the practice of piety, and studied in Vercelli, a city of Piedmont. Eusebius was ordained a priest there, and served the Church of Vercelli with such zeal that when the episcopal chair became vacant he was unanimously chosen, by both clergy and people, to fill it.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font>he holy bishop saw that the best and principal means to labor effectually for the edification and sanctification of his people was to have a zealous clergy. Saint Ambrose assures us that he was the first bishop who in the West united the monastic life with the clerical, living and having his clergy live almost like the monks of the East in the deserts. They shared a common life of prayer and penance, in a single residence, that of the bishop, as did the clergy of Saint Augustine in his African see. Saint Eusebius was very careful to instruct his flock in the maxims of the Gospel. The force of the truth which he preached, together with his example, brought many sinners to a change of life.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">W</font>hen a Council was held in Italy, under the influence of the Emperor Constans and the Arian heretics, with the intention of condemning Saint Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria, Saint Eusebius courageously resisted the heretics. He attempted to have all present sign the Nicene Creed, but the paper was torn out of his hands and his pen was broken. With Saint Dionysus of Milan, he refused to sign the condemnation of the bishop of Alexandria. The Emperor therefore had him banished to Scythopolis in Palestine with Saint Dionysus of Milan, then to Cappadocia, where Saint Dionysus died; and finally he was taken to the Upper Thebaid in Egypt, where he suffered grievously. The Arians of these places loaded him with outrages and treated him cruelly, and Saint Eusebius confounded them wherever they were.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">A</font>t the death of Constans in 361, he was permitted to return to his diocese, where he continued to combat Arianism, concertedly with Saint Hilarion of Poitiers. He has been called a martyr in two panegyrics appended to the works of Saint Ambrose. Two of his letters, written from his dungeons, are still extant, the only ones of his writings which have survived. One is addressed to his church, the other to the bishop of Elvira to encourage him to oppose a fallen heretic and not fear the power of princes. He died in about the year 370. His relics are in a shrine in the Cathedral of Vercelli. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">December 12th, Our Lady of Guadalupe</font> <br><br> <img src="Saint%20of%20the%20Day%2012.12.08.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""> <br><br> <a href="Guadalupe\_Book.html">Our Lady of America-Liturgically Known as Holy Mary of Guadalupe</a> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe: Final Day of Novena</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Guadalupe Spain Popup.html')">The Spanish History of Our Lady of Guadalupe Prior to the 16th Century Apparitions in Mexico</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Apparitions of Guadalupe Popup.html')">The Narative of the Apparitions of Our Lady of Guadalupe</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Portrait Our Lady of Guadalupe.html')">The Image of Our Lady Guadalupe as recounted by Emmanuel Amor 1885</a> <a href="Medical Jurisprudence.html#Part3">A Series of Catholic Lectures on the Evils of Abortion and <br>the Defense of the Unborn</a> <a href="Blessings%20of%20Children.html">Blessings of Many Children</a> <a href="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</a> <a href="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</a> <a href="Prayers for America\_2016.html#Abortion">Prayers for America and Guidelines for Making a Moral Decision: The Crime of Abortion</a> <br><br> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <a href="Little Office Advent Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Season of Advent</a> <a href="12.html">Advent Calendar: with daily meditations through Dec. 31st</a> <a href="Month of the Nativity.html">The Month of the Nativity</a> <br><br> <i>December Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">December Novenas</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Barbara.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Novena to Our Lady of Guadalupe: Dec. 4th - Dec. 12th</option> <option value="St. Lucy.html#Novena">Novena to St. Lucy: Dec. 5th - Dec. 13th</option> <option value="Christmas Novena.html">Christmas Novena: Dec. 16th - Dec. 24th</option> <option value="Stephen Litany.html#Novena">Novena to St. Stephen: Dec. 18th - Dec. 26th</option> <option value="St. John Evangelist Novena.html">Novena to St. John the Evangelist:<br>Dec. 19th - Dec. 27th</option> <option value="Circumcision\_Gospel.html">Novena for the Feast of the Circumcision:<br>Dec. 23rd - Dec. 31st</option> <option value="Holy Name.html#Novena">Novena in Honor Holy Name of Jesus: Dec. 25th - Jan. 2nd</option> <option value="Novena of the Epiphany.html">Novena of the Epiphany: Dec. 28th - Jan. 5th</option> <option value="Devotions to the Holy Family.html#Novena">Novena to the Holy Family: Dec. 30th - Jan. 7th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">St. Andrew Christmas Novena --Begins the Feast of St. Andrew and ends Christmas Day</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">Our Lady of Guadalupe</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> God, Who hast willed that, under the special patronage of the blessed Virgin Mary, we be laden with perpetual favors, grant to Thy suppliants that, as we this day rejoice in her commemoration on earth, we may enjoy the vision of her in heaven. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i>(Roman Breviary)</i><br><br><br> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <A NAME="secondsunday"style="border-style: none"/></a> <A NAME="Advent2"style="border-style: none"/></a> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">December 10th, Second Sunday in Advent</font><br><br> <i> In today's Liturgy we encounter an insistent invitation to the virtue of Hope. Our hearts shall be filled with joy at the coming of our Lord to save all the nations of the world. According to St. Paul, all the sacred writers were inspired by our Lord to encourage the virtue of Hope. </i> <br><br> <img src="2nd Sunday in Advent Sidebar.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""><br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Second Sunday of Advent.html')">Second Sunday of Advent</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Fr. Weninger Second Sunday in Advent.html')">2nd Sunday of Advent: <br>Are you truly converted?</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Second Sunday of Advent\_Gospel.html')">Second Sunday of Advent: Epistle and Gospel</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon 2nd Sunday of Advent.html')">Second Sunday of Advent: <br>for Children and Parents</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challonder\_death\_bed.html')">On Death-Bed Performances</a> <a href="The Prodigal Son, the Sinner's Return to God.html">The Prodigal Son, the Sinner's Return to God</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Certainty of Death.html')">On the Certainty of Death</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Last\_Days.html')">Five Short Sermons On:<br> 1.) The Terrors of the Last Days <br> 2.) The General Resurrection<br> 3.) The Coming of the Judge<br> 4.) The Separation of the Good from the Bad<br> 5.) The Opening of the Books </a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Preparation\_Repentance\_Confession.html')">Preparation Necessary to Make a Good Confession<br><br> On Motives for Repentance and Contrition Necessary for a Good Confession</a> <A NAME="GoffineMass"style="border-style: none"/></a> <A NAME="GoffineMassParts"style="border-style: none"/></a> <a href="Goffine\_Mass\_Parts.html">A Devout Guide to follow the Tridentine Latin Mass of Pope St. Pius V. Recommended for Those Who Cannot Attend Mass in Person. 2nd Sunday in Advent.</a> <a href="The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass.html">The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, Fr. O' Keeffe, 1891</a> <a href="Quo Primum.html">Papal Bull: Quo Primum, the Tridentine Mass for all Times</a> <a href="Why the Latin Mass.html">Why the Mass is in Latin</a> <a href="Catholic Worship.html">Catholic Worship, Explained</a> <a href="Mass at Home.html">Manner of Hearing Mass At Home: For those who on account of sickness, old age, or for other proper reasons cannot assist at holy Mass, especially on Sundays and Holidays</a> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <br><br><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">December 10th, St. Melchaides, Pope and Martyr</font> <br><br> <img src="12.10.14.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""><br><br> <a href="Immaculate%20Heart%20of%20Mary.html#OLS">Our Lady's Saturday</a> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</a> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#First Saturday">Five First Saturdays</a> <a href="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary; Fatima and the Rosary</a> <a href="Remodel\_your\_home.html">Remodel Your Home After Mary's Heart</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Manning\_Revolt\_Society.html')">The Revolt of Society from God</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception 3rd Day of Octave Gueranger.html')">3rd Day within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception from the Liturgical Year, 1870</a> <a href="Full of Grace\_2018.html">Mary, Full of Grace</a> <br><br> <img src="House of Loreto\_Sidebar\_2019.jpg" style="border-style: none"> <br><br> <i>Also celebrated in some places on December 10th is the feast of the Holy House of Loreto</i><br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy <br>House of Loretto</a> <a href="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</a> <a href="Little Office Advent Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Season of Advent</a> <a href="10.html">Advent Calendar: with daily meditations through Dec. 31st</a> <a href="Month of the Nativity.html">The Month of the Nativity</a> <br><br> <i>December Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">December Novenas</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Barbara.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Novena to Our Lady of Guadalupe: Dec. 4th - Dec. 12th</option> <option value="St. Lucy.html#Novena">Novena to St. Lucy: Dec. 5th - Dec. 13th</option> <option value="Christmas Novena.html">Christmas Novena: Dec. 16th - Dec. 24th</option> <option value="Stephen Litany.html#Novena">Novena to St. Stephen: Dec. 18th - Dec. 26th</option> <option value="St. John Evangelist Novena.html">Novena to St. John the Evangelist:<br>Dec. 19th - Dec. 27th</option> <option value="Circumcision\_Gospel.html">Novena for the Feast of the Circumcision:<br>Dec. 23rd - Dec. 31st</option> <option value="Holy Name.html#Novena">Novena in Honor Holy Name of Jesus: Dec. 25th - Jan. 2nd</option> <option value="Novena of the Epiphany.html">Novena of the Epiphany: Dec. 28th - Jan. 5th</option> <option value="Devotions to the Holy Family.html#Novena">Novena to the Holy Family: Dec. 30th - Jan. 7th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">St. Andrew Christmas Novena --Begins the Feast of St. Andrew and ends Christmas Day</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Little Office Advent Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Season of Advent</a> <br><br> <i>Related links for the Sacrament of Penance</i> <br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="">Select from the Following:</option> <option value="Examine%20Index.html">Examination of Conscience</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On the Vice of Impurity.html#Idolatry')">The Idolatry of the Creature Due to Impurity</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Unchaste Thoughts and Desires.html')">Moral Teaching on Unchaste Thoughts and Desires and Prayers to Overcome Temptations</option> <option value="Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Sacrament of Penance</option> <option value="Confession Q and A.html">The Sacrament of Penance, All of Your Questions Answered</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon\_Confession.html')">On the Benefits of a Good Confession</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Turning from Sin.html')">Two Short Sermons: <br>On Turning from Sin to God <br> The Sentiments of a Penitent Sinner</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Relapse into Sin popup.html')">Causes of Relapse into Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Preparation\_Repentance\_Confession.html')"> On the Preparation Necessary to <br>Make a Good Confession<br><br> On Motives for Repentance and Contrition <br>Necessary for a Good Confession</option> <option value="Self-Examination.html">The Necessity of Self-Examination</option> <option value="Examine 9.html">The Seven Deadly Sins, Nine Ways to Being an Accessory to Another's Sin, Sins Against the Holy Spirit</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Exposition on the Sixth Commandment.html')">The Sixth Commandment: Explained by St. Thomas Aquinas</option> <option value="Ritual%20of%20the%20Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Rite of Confession </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Thirteenth Sunday After Pentecost.html#General Confession')">General Confession</option> <option value="The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin Liguori.html">The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin<br>by St. Alphonsus Liguori</option> <option value="Contrition.html">Contrition</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment.html')">Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment</option> <option value="False Peace Sinful Conscience.html">The False Peace of a Sinful Conscience, by Fr. Hunolt, 1691-1746</option> <option value="Render Our Account.html">Render an Account of Your Life: A Must Read for Every Soul </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Sinner seeks God.html')">The Sinner will Seek God at Death</option> <option value="St. Alphonsu the number of sins.html">On the Number of Sins, by St. Aphonsus Di Liguori</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="Penitent%27s%20Prayer.html">Penitent's Consolation</option> <option value="Sin.html">The Nature of Sin</option> <option value="Folly of Sin.html">The Folly of Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Venial Sins.html')">On Not Making Light of Venial Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Multitude\_of\_Sins.html')">On the Multitude of Our Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon\_Mortal Sin.html')"><br>On the Horror of Mortal Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Spiritual Murder.html')">On Spiritual Murder</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Thursday\_First\_Week\_Lent.html')">Examination of Our Duties <br>and State of Life</option> <option value="Conscience.html">Conscience</option> <option value="Ten%20Commandments%20Index.html">Index of the Ten Commandments</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners.html')">The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners</option> <option value="The Sinners Guide.html">The Sinner's Guide <br>by Ven. Louis of Granada, O.P.</option> <option value="Childrens Confession.html">Catholic Instruction for Children for the Sacrament of Penance, 1897</option> </option></select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">St. Melchaides, Pope and Martyr</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> eternal Shepherd, watch over the flock, and through blessed Melchaides, Thy Martyr and Sovereign Pontiff, whom thou didst appoint shepherd over the whole Church, keep her under Thy constant protection. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> Ant. This Saint hath striven for the law of his God even unto death, and hath not feared for the words of the ungodly; for he had been founded upon a firm rock. <br><br> V. Thou hast crowned him with glory and honor, O Lord. <br><br> R. And hast set him over the works of Thy hands. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)</i><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">H</font>e was of African origin, and combated the Donatist heresy, and excommunicated Donatus, Bishop of Cellae Negrae in Numidia, who denied absolution to the "Betrayers," as thy called those who had given up the sacred books to the heathens. When Donatists appealed to the Emperor Constantine to obtain his support against the African Catholics, he rebuked them for seeking the aid of temporal authority, and at once referred them to the Pope, Melchiades. "But because," says St. Augustine, "Constantine dared not judge the bishops' cause, he appointed it to be discussed and terminated by bishops, which also was done at Tome, under the presidency of Melchiades."<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font>he Pope chose fifteen bishops out of Italy to sit with him; and by them the too rigorous Donatists were condemned (A.D. 313.) <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <A NAME="icblv"style="border-style: none"/></a> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">December 8th, Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary</font> <br><br> <img src="Saint%20of%20the%20Day%2012.08.08.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""><br><br> <a href="LOIMCP\_Index.html"> <font style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);" size="1.5">                  Newly Added</font><br>The Little Office of the Immaculate Conception</a> <a href="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</a> <a href="Immaculate%20Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the <br>Immaculate Conception</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Immaculate Conception.html')">Children's Mass for the Feast of the Immaculate Conception</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Epistle\_Gospel\_Immaculate\_Conception.html')">Instructions on the Feast of Immaculate Conception</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Immaculate Conception.html')"> Short Sermon on the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <a href="Guadalupe\_Book.html">Our Lady of America-Liturgically Known as Holy Mary of Guadalupe</a> <br><br> <A NAME="GoffineMass"style="border-style: none"/></a> <A NAME="GoffineMassParts"style="border-style: none"/></a> <a href="Goffine\_Mass\_Parts.html">A Devout Guide to follow the Tridentine Latin Mass of Pope St. Pius V. Recommended for Those Who Cannot Attend Mass in Person. Feast of the Immaculate Conception.</a> <a href="The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass.html">The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, Fr. O' Keeffe, 1891</a> <a href="Quo Primum.html">Papal Bull: Quo Primum, the Tridentine Mass for all Times</a> <a href="Why the Latin Mass.html">Why the Mass is in Latin</a> <a href="Catholic Worship.html">Catholic Worship, Explained</a> <a href="Mass at Home.html">Manner of Hearing Mass At Home: For those who on account of sickness, old age, or for other proper reasons cannot assist at holy Mass, especially on Sundays and Holidays</a> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <br><br> <a href="In Defence of Mary\_Challoner.html">In Defense of Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary, her Perpetual Virginity, the Rosary and the Angelus Domini</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate\_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</a> <a href="Prayers for America\_2016.html#Patroness">Patroness of America</a> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <a href="Mass at Home.html">Manner of Hearing Mass At Home: For those who on account of sickness, old age, or for other proper reasons cannot assist at holy Mass, especially on Sundays and Holidays</a> <br><br> <i>Related Links:</i><br><br> <a href="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal <br>the Origin and History</a> <a href="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</a> <a href="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</a> <a href="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the <br>Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <a href="8.html">Advent Calendar: with daily meditations through Dec. 31st</a> <a href="Little Office Advent Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Season of Advent</a> <a href="Angelus\_2019.html">The Angelus: Prayer, Explanation, 10 Years Indulgence</a> <a href="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary<br>The Mother of God</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</a> <a href="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</a> <a href="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</a> <a href="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim <br>and St. Anne, 1859</a> <br><br> <i>December Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">December Novenas</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Barbara.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Novena to Our Lady of Guadalupe: Dec. 4th - Dec. 12th</option> <option value="St. Lucy.html#Novena">Novena to St. Lucy: Dec. 5th - Dec. 13th</option> <option value="Christmas Novena.html">Christmas Novena: Dec. 16th - Dec. 24th</option> <option value="Stephen Litany.html#Novena">Novena to St. Stephen: Dec. 18th - Dec. 26th</option> <option value="St. John Evangelist Novena.html">Novena to St. John the Evangelist:<br>Dec. 19th - Dec. 27th</option> <option value="Circumcision\_Gospel.html">Novena for the Feast of the Circumcision:<br>Dec. 23rd - Dec. 31st</option> <option value="Holy Name.html#Novena">Novena in Honor Holy Name of Jesus: Dec. 25th - Jan. 2nd</option> <option value="Novena of the Epiphany.html">Novena of the Epiphany: Dec. 28th - Jan. 5th</option> <option value="Devotions to the Holy Family.html#Novena">Novena to the Holy Family: Dec. 30th - Jan. 7th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">St. Andrew Christmas Novena --Begins the Feast of St. Andrew and ends Christmas Day</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Little Office Advent Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Season of Advent</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> God, Who by the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin didst prepare a worthy dwelling-place for Thy Son: we beseech Thee, that, as by the death of the same Son, foreseen by Thee, thou didst keep her free from all stain, so by her intercession Thou wouldst grant to us also to come with clean hearts to Thee. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> V. This day is the Immaculate Conception of the Holy Virgin Mary. <br><br> R. Who with her virginal foot crushed the serpent's head. <br><br> Ant. All generations shall call me blessed, because he who is mighty has done great things for me, alleluia. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)</i><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">W</font>ho and what was the blessed and glorious Mary, always a Virgin, has been revealed by God in the message of an Angel, in these words, Hail, full of grace; the Lord is with thee: blessed art thou among women. It was fitting that a fulness of grace should be poured into that Virgin who gave glory to the heavens, and the Lord to the earth, who has brought peace to earth, who has given faith to the Gentiles, who has killed sin, who has given law to life, who has made the crooked ways straight. Truly, she is full of grace; for to others grace comes measure by measure, whereas in Mary grace dwells at once in all fulness. Truly, she is full of grace.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">W</font>e believe that the holy Fathers and Prophets had grace; but they were not full of grace. But into Mary came a fulness of all the grace which is in Christ, although in a different manner. Therefore is it said: Blessed art thou among women, that is, Blessed art thou above all women. And thus the fulness of blessing in Mary took away entirely whatever curse was put upon Eve. In her praise Solomon writes in the Canticle of Canticles, Come, my dove, my spotless one. For winter is now past, the rain is over and gone. And again. Come from Libanus, come, thou shalt be crowned.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">N</font>ot unfittingly therefore is she bidden to come from Libanus, for Libanus means a radiant whiteness. For she was dazzlingly white with her many virtues and merits, and by the gifts of the Holy Ghost she was cleansed whiter than snow; showing in all things the simplicity of a dove; for all in her was purity and simplicity, truth and grace; all mercy and justice, which has looked down from heaven: and for this reason was she immaculate, because corruption was not found in her. She encompassed a man in her womb, as holy Jeremias testifies, and she received him from no other person.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font>he Lord, he says, has made a new thing upon the earth, and a woman shall encompass a man. Truly a new thing, and a novelty of power preeminent above all novelties, in that God (whom the world cannot bear, nor man see and live), entered the hospice of her womb, as if unaware of her virginity; was so borne therein that the whole God was in her; and so came forth that, (as Ezechiel prophesies), the door remained shut. So the same Canticle sings of her: A garden enclosed, a fountain sealed up, thy plants are a paradise. Truly a garden of delights, in which were all manner of flowers, and the perfume of virtues; so enclosed that neither violation nor corruption by any deceit were known. Therefore: a fountain sealed with the seal of the whole Trinity. <br><br><br></font><hr><font style="" size="2.5"><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">Hymn: Praeclara custos</font><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">F</font>air guardian of the virgin choir, Unsullied Mother of the Lord, Our hope, the Angels' joy, in whom A door to heaven is restored;<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font>hou lily, white amid the thorns, Thou dove, with wondrous beauty girt; Thou tender stem from Jesse's root Whose Blossom heals our deadly hurt.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font>hou tower beyond the dragon's reach; Thou friendly star to shipwrecked men, From error guide us by thy light, That we may find our course again:<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">D</font>ispel the mists that dim our eyes, From treacherous shoals divert our way, Lest on the storm-tossed sea of life From thy safe course we go astray.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">A</font>ll honor, laud, and glory be, O Jesu, Virgin-born, to thee; All glory, as is ever meet, To Father and to Paraclete.<br><br> Amen <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">December 7th, St. Ambrose, Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church. Vigil of the Immaculate Conception: Day of Fast and Total Abstinence<br><br></font> <img src="Saint%20of%20the%20Day%2012.07.08.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""><br><br> <a href="7.html">Advent Calendar: with daily meditations through Dec. 31st</a> <a href="St.%20Ambrose.html">St. Ambrose </a> <a href="St. Augustine.html">St. Augustine of Hippo</a> <A HREF="The Coming and Cruelty of Antichrist.html">I.&#160&#160&#160&#160&#160&#160&#160On the Coming and <Br>&#160&#160&#160&#160&#160&#160&#160&#160&#160Cruelty of Antichrist</A> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Temptations Bishop Ehrler.html')">Part 1:  Temptations: <br>             Why we have them</a> <a href="Devils who Tempt.html">Temptations and the Devils who Tempt</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Death-Bed Conversion.html')">Death-Bed Repentance</a> <a href="How to Teach Our Little Ones.html">How to Teach Little Ones: A Children's Catechism</a> <a href="Instruction for Children.html">On the Mode of Teaching Christian Doctrine to Children</a> <a href="Month of the Nativity.html">The Month of the Nativity</a> <a href="Tissot Illustrated Bible V1 Part1.html">Vol. 1, Part 1: The Holy Childhood from the Latin Vulgate, as Illustrated by Catholic Artist and Historian, James Tissot, 1899, for the Advent and Christmas Season</a> <br><br> <i>December Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">December Novenas</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Barbara.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Novena to Our Lady of Guadalupe: Dec. 4th - Dec. 12th</option> <option value="St. Lucy.html#Novena">Novena to St. Lucy: Dec. 5th - Dec. 13th</option> <option value="Christmas Novena.html">Christmas Novena: Dec. 16th - Dec. 24th</option> <option value="Stephen Litany.html#Novena">Novena to St. Stephen: Dec. 18th - Dec. 26th</option> <option value="St. John Evangelist Novena.html">Novena to St. John the Evangelist:<br>Dec. 19th - Dec. 27th</option> <option value="Circumcision\_Gospel.html">Novena for the Feast of the Circumcision:<br>Dec. 23rd - Dec. 31st</option> <option value="Holy Name.html#Novena">Novena in Honor Holy Name of Jesus: Dec. 25th - Jan. 2nd</option> <option value="Novena of the Epiphany.html">Novena of the Epiphany: Dec. 28th - Jan. 5th</option> <option value="Devotions to the Holy Family.html#Novena">Novena to the Holy Family: Dec. 30th - Jan. 7th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">St. Andrew Christmas Novena --Begins the Feast of St. Andrew and ends Christmas Day</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Little Office Advent Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Season of Advent</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">Vigil of the Immaculate Conception<br><br></font> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> God, Who didst wondrously preserve the Mother of Thy Only-begotten Son from original sin in her conception, grant, we beseech Thee, that strenghtened by her intercession we may be ready to keep her festival with pure hearts. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i>(Roman Breviary)</i> <br><br><br> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">St. Ambrose, Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church<br><br></font> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> God, Who didst give blessed Ambrose to be a minister of eternal salvation to Thy people: grant, we beseech Thee, that we who have had him on earthy as Teacher of life, may be worthy to have him for advocate in heaven. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> V. The Lord loved him, and adorned him. <br><br> R. He clothed him with a robe of glory. <br><br> Ant. O excellent Doctor, light of holy Church, blessed Ambrose, lover of the divine law, pray unto the Son of God for us. <br><br> (Roman Breviary) <br><br><br> </i> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">A</font>mbrose, Bishop of Milan, was the son of another Ambrose, a Roman citizen, and was born when his Father was Prefect of Gaul. It a is related that a swarm of bees settled upon his lips when he was in his cradle, which was considered an omen of his future eloquence. He received a liberal education at Rome. He was afterwards, under the Prefect Probus, made governor of Liguria and Aemilia, and so came with authority to Milan.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">W</font>hen the Arian Bishop, Auxentius, died, the most violent disputes arose among the people about the choice of a successor. Ambrose came to the church in his official capacity and urged upon the contending factions, in a long and powerful speech, the necessity of keeping the public peace; whereupon a child suddenly cried out, "Ambrose, Bishop," and the whole assembly tool it up, and unanimously called for his election.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font>n his refusing to accede to their entreaties, the earnest request of the people was presented to the Emperor Valentinian. He was very much pleased that those whom he had selected as judge were sought after as priests. It was also pleasing to the prefect Probus, who, as though he foresaw the event, said to Ambrose in his departure: Go, act not as judge, but as bishop.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font>he desire of the people being thus seconded by the will of the emperor, Ambrose was baptized (for he was still a catechumen), and was admitted to sacred orders, ascending all the degrees of orders as prescribed by the Church; and on the eighth day, which was the seventh of the Ides of December (December 7), he took up the burden of the episcopacy. Being made bishop, he most strenuously defended the Catholic faith and ecclesiastical discipline. He converted to the true faith many Arians and there heretics, among whom as that outstanding light of the Church, St. Augustine, the Spritual child of Ambrose in Christ Jesus.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">W</font>hen the Emperor Gratian was killed. Ambrose again set out as Ambassador to his murderer Maximus, to insist on his doing penance for his crime; and in his refusal, Ambrose refused to hold communion with him. The Emperor Theodosius, having been responsible for the massacre at Thesalonica, was forbidden by the saint to enter the church. On the emperor's excusing himself by saying that King David had also committed murder and adultery, Ambrose replied: Thou hast imitated his sin; now, imitate his repentance. Whereupon, Theodosius humbly performed the public penance which the bishop had imposed upon him.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font>he holy Bishop having thus endured the greatest labors and solicitudes for the Church of God, and having written many admirable books, foretold the day of his death, even before before he was taken with his last sickness. Honoratus, bishop of Vercelli, after three admonitions from God to go to the dying saint, hastened and administered to him the Sacred Body of the Lord. Ambrose having received it, arranged his hands in the form of a cross, prayed, and yielded his soul up to God, on the day before the Nones of April (April 4), in the year of our Lord 397. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">December 6th, St. Nicholas, Bishop and Confessor</font> <br><br> <img src="Saint%20of%20the%20Day%2012.06.08.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""><br><br><br> <a href="St.%20Nicholas.html">St. Nicholas of Myra</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Nicholas Epistle and Gospel.html')">Instructions for the Feast of St. Nicholas, Epistle and Gospel<br></a> <a href="6.html">Advent Calendar: with daily meditations through Dec. 31st</a> <a href="Index of Childrens Prayer Christmas Version.html">Children Prayers and Sermons for the Season of Advent and Christmas</a> <a href="How to Teach Our Little Ones.html">How to Teach Little Ones: A Children's Catechism</a> <a href="Instruction for Children.html">On the Mode of Teaching Christian Doctrine to Children</a> <a href="Month of the Nativity.html">The Month of the Nativity</a> <a href="Tissot Illustrated Bible V1 Part1.html">Vol. 1, Part 1: The Holy Childhood from the Latin Vulgate, as Illustrated by Catholic Artist and Historian, James Tissot, 1899, for the Advent and Christmas Season</a> <a href="Behold the Lamb Childrens Book.html">Behold the Lamb, A Book for Little Folks About the Holy Mass, 1912 </a> <a href="Jesus of Nazareth the Story of His Life.html">Jesus of Nazareth, the Story of His Life: A Catholic Children's Book, 1906</a> <a href="Catholic Bible Stories.html">Catholic Bible Stories</a> <a href="Short Catechism of Church History 01.html">Short Catechism of Church History for Youth</a> <a href="Guardian Angels Children.html">Children's Devotions to the Guardian Angels</a> <br><br> <i>December Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">December Novenas</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Barbara.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Novena to Our Lady of Guadalupe: Dec. 4th - Dec. 12th</option> <option value="St. Lucy.html#Novena">Novena to St. Lucy: Dec. 5th - Dec. 13th</option> <option value="Christmas Novena.html">Christmas Novena: Dec. 16th - Dec. 24th</option> <option value="Stephen Litany.html#Novena">Novena to St. Stephen: Dec. 18th - Dec. 26th</option> <option value="St. John Evangelist Novena.html">Novena to St. John the Evangelist:<br>Dec. 19th - Dec. 27th</option> <option value="Circumcision\_Gospel.html">Novena for the Feast of the Circumcision:<br>Dec. 23rd - Dec. 31st</option> <option value="Holy Name.html#Novena">Novena in Honor Holy Name of Jesus: Dec. 25th - Jan. 2nd</option> <option value="Novena of the Epiphany.html">Novena of the Epiphany: Dec. 28th - Jan. 5th</option> <option value="Devotions to the Holy Family.html#Novena">Novena to the Holy Family: Dec. 30th - Jan. 7th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">St. Andrew Christmas Novena --Begins the Feast of St. Andrew and ends Christmas Day</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Little Office Advent Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Season of Advent</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">St. Nicholas, Bishop and Confessor</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> God, Who didst glorify the blessed Bishop Nicholas with numberless miracles: grant, we beseech Thee, that by his merits and prayers we may be saved from the fires of hell. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i>(Roman Breviary)</i><br><br><br> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">December 5th, St. Sabbas, Abbot. First Saturday</font> <br><br> <img src="12.05.09.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""> <br><br> <li><a href="Month of the Nativity.html">The Month of the Nativity</a></li> <a href="5.html">Advent Calendar: with daily meditations through Dec. 31st</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Purity\_Actions.html')">The Purity Required to Prepare Our Souls <br>for Christ Purifying the Interior Powers of the Soul<br><br> The Purity of Our Actions</a> <br><br> <a href="Month of the Nativity.html">The Month of the Nativity</a> <br><br> <i>December Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">December Novenas</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Barbara.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Novena to Our Lady of Guadalupe: Dec. 4th - Dec. 12th</option> <option value="St. Lucy.html#Novena">Novena to St. Lucy: Dec. 5th - Dec. 13th</option> <option value="Christmas Novena.html">Christmas Novena: Dec. 16th - Dec. 24th</option> <option value="Stephen Litany.html#Novena">Novena to St. Stephen: Dec. 18th - Dec. 26th</option> <option value="St. John Evangelist Novena.html">Novena to St. John the Evangelist:<br>Dec. 19th - Dec. 27th</option> <option value="Circumcision\_Gospel.html">Novena for the Feast of the Circumcision:<br>Dec. 23rd - Dec. 31st</option> <option value="Holy Name.html#Novena">Novena in Honor Holy Name of Jesus: Dec. 25th - Jan. 2nd</option> <option value="Novena of the Epiphany.html">Novena of the Epiphany: Dec. 28th - Jan. 5th</option> <option value="Devotions to the Holy Family.html#Novena">Novena to the Holy Family: Dec. 30th - Jan. 7th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">St. Andrew Christmas Novena --Begins the Feast of St. Andrew and ends Christmas Day</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Little Office Advent Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Season of Advent</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">St. Sabbas, Abbot</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">M</font>ay the intercession of the blessed Abbot Sabbas, procure favor for us, we beseech Thee, O Lord: that we may gain, by his patronage, those things of which we are not capable by our own merits. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> Ant. I will liken him to a wise man who built his house upon a rock. <br><br> V. The Lord loved him, and adorned him. <br><br> R. He clothed him wtih a robe of glory. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)</i><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">S</font>t. Sabbas, one of the most renowned patriarchs of the monks of Palestine, was born in the year 439, near Caesarea. In order to settle a dispute which had arisen between some of his relatives in regard to the administration of his estate, while still young he forsook the world and entered a monastery, wherein he became a model of fervor.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">W</font>hen Sabbas had been ten years in this monastery, being eighteen years old, he went to Jerusalem to visit the holy places, and attached himself to a monastery there under control of St. Euthymius; but on the death of the holy abbot our Saint sought the wilderness, where he chose his dwelling in a cave on the top of a high mountain, at the bottom of which ran the brook Cedron. After he had lived here five years, several came to him, desiring to serve God under his direction. He was at first unwilling to consent, but finally founded a new monastery of persons all desirous to devote themselves to praise and serve God without interruption.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">H</font>is great sanctity becoming known, he was ordained priest, at the age of fifty-three, by the patriarch of Jerusalem, and made Superior-General of all the anchorites of Palestine. He lived to be ninety-four, and died on the 5th of December, 532. <br><br> <i>Prayer from the Liturgical Year</i> <br><br> O Sabas, thou man of desires! in thy expectation of that Lord, who has bidden His servants watch until He come, thou didst withdraw into the desert, fearing lest the turmoil of this world might distract thy mind from God. Have pity on us who are living in the world, and are so occupied in the affairs of that world, and yet who have received the commandment, which thou didst so take to heart, of keeping ourselves in readiness for the coming of our Savior and our Judge. Pray for us, that when He comes we may be worthy to go out to meet Him. Remember also the monastic state, of which thou art one of the brightest ornaments; raise it up again from its ruins; let its children be men of prayer and faith, as of old; let thy spirit be among them, and the Church thus regain, by thy intercession, all the glory which is reflected on her from the sublime perfection of this holy state. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">December 4th,<br>St. Peter Chrysologus, Bishop, Confessor and Doctor of the Church</font> <br><br> <img src="Saint%20of%20the%20Day%2012.04.08.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Peter Chrysologus.html')">St. Peter Chrysologus</a> <a href="4.html">Advent Calendar</a> <a href="Month of the Nativity.html">The Month of the Nativity</a> <br><br> <i>December Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">December Novenas</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Barbara.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Novena to Our Lady of Guadalupe: Dec. 4th - Dec. 12th</option> <option value="St. Lucy.html#Novena">Novena to St. Lucy: Dec. 5th - Dec. 13th</option> <option value="Christmas Novena.html">Christmas Novena: Dec. 16th - Dec. 24th</option> <option value="Stephen Litany.html#Novena">Novena to St. Stephen: Dec. 18th - Dec. 26th</option> <option value="St. John Evangelist Novena.html">Novena to St. John the Evangelist:<br>Dec. 19th - Dec. 27th</option> <option value="Circumcision\_Gospel.html">Novena for the Feast of the Circumcision:<br>Dec. 23rd - Dec. 31st</option> <option value="Holy Name.html#Novena">Novena in Honor Holy Name of Jesus: Dec. 25th - Jan. 2nd</option> <option value="Novena of the Epiphany.html">Novena of the Epiphany: Dec. 28th - Jan. 5th</option> <option value="Devotions to the Holy Family.html#Novena">Novena to the Holy Family: Dec. 30th - Jan. 7th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">St. Andrew Christmas Novena --Begins the Feast of St. Andrew and ends Christmas Day</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Little Office Advent Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Season of Advent</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">St. Peter Chrysologus, Bishop, Confessor and Doctor of the Church</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> God, Who didst miraculously point out the eminent Doctor Peter Chrysologus, and choose him to be a ruler and teacher of Thy Church: grant, we beseech Thee, that as on earth he taught us the way of life, so in heaven he may be our intercessor with Thee. Through our Lord etc. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen. <i> <br><br> R. Jerusalem, thy salvation cometh quickly: why art thou wasted with sorrow? Is there no counselor in thee, that pangs have taken thee? I will save thee, and deliver thee, fear not. <br><br> V. For I am the Lord Thy God, the Holy One of Israel, Thy Redeemer. I will save thee, and deliver thee, fear not. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)</i><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">S</font>t. Peter gained the name Chrysologus, which means "speech of gold" by his great eloquence. As the Collect reminds us, his promotion to the See of Ravenna (A.D. 433), owing to an apparition of the Apostle St. Peter to Pope Sixtus III., was miraculous.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">Y</font>ou are the salt of the earth. . . and the light of the world," says the Gospel. "Preach the word; be instant in season, out of season; reprove, entreat, rebuke . . . . . do the work of an evangelist." That is what St. Peter did; he composed more than one hundred and sixty homilies, full of learning, which earned him the title of Doctor of the Church.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font>t was he who wrote this well-known saying: "He who amuses himself with Satan cannot rejoice with Christ." He died at Imola in A.D. 450.<br><br><br></font><hr><font style="" size="2.5"><font style="" size="2.5"><font style="" size="2.5"><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">Also Commemorated <br>Dec. 4th, St. Barbara, Virgin and Martyr</font> <br><br><br> <img src="12.04.09B.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""><br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Barbara.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Epistle\_Gospel\_Barbara.html')">Instructions on the Feast of St. Barbara, Virgin and Martyr</a> <a href="Index of the Holy Helpers.html">The Fourteen Holy Helpers</a> <a href="Index for the Dying.html">Index of Prayers and <br>Devotions for the Dying</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Vianney The Bad Death.html')">The Bad Death</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Influence of the Example of Parents.html')">Influence of the Example of Parents Upon Their Children</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> God, who amongst the many marvels of Thy power hast granted the triumph of martyrdom even to weak women: grant in Thy mercy, that we, who keep the festival of blessed Barbara, Thy Virgin and Martyr, may, by her example, advance nearer to Thee. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i>(Roman Breviary)</i> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <A NAME="firstsunday"style="border-style: none"/></a> <i> The Season of Advent begins on the 4th Sunday before Christmas. This time is set aside by the Church to bring before our eyes the Incarnation of our Lord, the coming of Jesus Christ through Grace, and the coming of our Lord on the Last Day to judge the living and the dead.<br><br> The proper Christian sentiments to be developed during this time are: a desire for the coming of the Messias, the victory of the soul over wordly temptations; and finally, penance, to prepare for the coming of our Savior. </i> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">December 3rd, First Sunday in Advent</font> <br><br> <img src="First%20Sunday%20Advent.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Season of Advent Liturigical Year.html')">The Season of Advent</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Take an Account\_2018.html')">Taking an Account of Your Life During the Season of Advent; Penance and Looking to the End</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('First Sunday in Advent.html')">First Sunday of Advent</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('First Sunday in Advent 2nd Sermon.html')">First Sunday in Advent: Fear of the General Judgment</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Fr. Weninger First Sunday in Advent.html')">Are you prepared for the <br>2nd Coming of Christ by Fr. Francis Xavier Weninger</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('First Sunday of Advent\_Gospel.html')">First Sunday of Advent: Epistle and Gospel</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon 1st Sunday of Advent.html')">First Sunday of Advent: for Children and Parents</a> <a href="Christ%20Our%20Lord.html">Christ Our Lord</a> <a href="Dies Irae.html">Dies Irae (Day of Wrath) <br>by Rev. Nicholaus Gihr</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Children\_Last\_Sunday\_Frassinetti.html')">Sermon for Youth on the End of the World</a> <a href="The Second Coming.html">The Second Coming</a> <a href="Ferrer\_end\_of\_world.html">Sermon on the End of the World and General Judgment by St. Vincent Ferrer</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Ferrer\_sheep\_and\_goats.html')">Sermon on the Last Judgment: Sheep and Goats by St. Vincent Ferrer</a> <A NAME="GoffineMass"style="border-style: none"/></a> <A NAME="GoffineMassParts"style="border-style: none"/></a> <a href="Goffine\_Mass\_Parts.html">A Devout Guide to follow the Tridentine Latin Mass of Pope St. Pius V. Recommended for Those Who Cannot Attend Mass in Person. 24th Sunday After Pentecost.</a> <a href="The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass.html">The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, Fr. O' Keeffe, 1891</a> <a href="Quo Primum.html">Papal Bull: Quo Primum, the Tridentine Mass for all Times</a> <a href="Why the Latin Mass.html">Why the Mass is in Latin</a> <a href="Catholic Worship.html">Catholic Worship, Explained</a> <a href="Mass at Home.html">Manner of Hearing Mass At Home: For those who on account of sickness, old age, or for other proper reasons cannot assist at holy Mass, especially on Sundays and Holidays</a> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <br><br> 4 Part Series on the Person of the Christ at the Last Judgement:<p></p> <a href="The Judge as God.html">Part 1:  The Judge as God</a> <a href="The Judge as Man.html">Part 2: The Judge as Man</a> <a href="The Judge as Our Redeemer.html">Part 3: The Judge as Redeemer</a> <a href="The Judge as Our Model.html">Part 4: The Judge as Our Model</a> <br><br> <a href="The End of Man.html">The End of Man</a> <a href="The Little Number of Those Who Are Saved.html">The fewness of those saved. Will you be one of them?</a> <a href="Consideration of Last End.html">Consideration of Last End</a> <br><br> <i>Related links for the Sacrament of Penance</i> <br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="">Select from the Following:</option> <option value="Examine%20Index.html">Examination of Conscience</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On the Vice of Impurity.html#Idolatry')">The Idolatry of the Creature Due to Impurity</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Unchaste Thoughts and Desires.html')">Moral Teaching on Unchaste Thoughts and Desires and Prayers to Overcome Temptations</option> <option value="Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Sacrament of Penance</option> <option value="Confession Q and A.html">The Sacrament of Penance, All of Your Questions Answered</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon\_Confession.html')">On the Benefits of a Good Confession</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Turning from Sin.html')">Two Short Sermons: <br>On Turning from Sin to God <br> The Sentiments of a Penitent Sinner</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Relapse into Sin popup.html')">Causes of Relapse into Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Preparation\_Repentance\_Confession.html')"> On the Preparation Necessary to <br>Make a Good Confession<br><br> On Motives for Repentance and Contrition <br>Necessary for a Good Confession</option> <option value="Self-Examination.html">The Necessity of Self-Examination</option> <option value="Examine 9.html">The Seven Deadly Sins, Nine Ways to Being an Accessory to Another's Sin, Sins Against the Holy Spirit</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Exposition on the Sixth Commandment.html')">The Sixth Commandment: Explained by St. Thomas Aquinas</option> <option value="Ritual%20of%20the%20Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Rite of Confession </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Thirteenth Sunday After Pentecost.html#General Confession')">General Confession</option> <option value="The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin Liguori.html">The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin<br>by St. Alphonsus Liguori</option> <option value="Contrition.html">Contrition</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment.html')">Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment</option> <option value="False Peace Sinful Conscience.html">The False Peace of a Sinful Conscience, by Fr. Hunolt, 1691-1746</option> <option value="Render Our Account.html">Render an Account of Your Life: A Must Read for Every Soul </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Sinner seeks God.html')">The Sinner will Seek God at Death</option> <option value="St. Alphonsu the number of sins.html">On the Number of Sins, by St. Aphonsus Di Liguori</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="Penitent%27s%20Prayer.html">Penitent's Consolation</option> <option value="Sin.html">The Nature of Sin</option> <option value="Folly of Sin.html">The Folly of Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Venial Sins.html')">On Not Making Light of Venial Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Multitude\_of\_Sins.html')">On the Multitude of Our Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon\_Mortal Sin.html')"><br>On the Horror of Mortal Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Spiritual Murder.html')">On Spiritual Murder</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Thursday\_First\_Week\_Lent.html')">Examination of Our Duties <br>and State of Life</option> <option value="Conscience.html">Conscience</option> <option value="Ten%20Commandments%20Index.html">Index of the Ten Commandments</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners.html')">The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners</option> <option value="The Sinners Guide.html">The Sinner's Guide <br>by Ven. Louis of Granada, O.P.</option> <option value="Childrens Confession.html">Catholic Instruction for Children for the Sacrament of Penance, 1897</option> </option></select> </form> <br><br> <img src="Judement miniature\_20161129.jpg"><br><br> THE JUDGMENTS OF GOD<br><br> <i>by St. Alphonsus Liguori</i><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">B</font>altassar, the godless Baltassar, sat drinking at his licentious banquet, surrounded by his courtiers. Sunk, as it were, in sensuality and drunkenness, he blasphemed the Lord, abused the mercy of God, and even went so far as to profane the consecrated vessels of ths temple. He considered this day as a day of joy and revelry. Unhappy man! it is thy judgment day! Suddenly, an awful hand was seen, writing on the wall these words: "Mane: Thecel: Phares:" I have numbered, I have weighed, I have divided! I have numbered thy days, they are ended: I have weighed thy deeds, they condemn thee: I have divided thy kingdom, and deliver thee to thine enemies. This was the verdict given, and the judgment pronounced against him. On the same night it was fulfilled; he who had lived a profligate, died a reprobate. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">L</font>et us fear the impenetrable judgments of God; let us think of them day and night, that we may always be prepared for them; let us tremble before the powerful arm of God, and never forget that even as God is a God of mercy, so also is he a God of justice.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">S</font>t. Jerome was one of the greatest penitents in the Church of God. Disgusted by the tumult and grandeur of Rome, he retired into Palestine, and buried himself, so to say, in solitude. The austerity of his life and of his penance are not to be described nore his mortifications, discipline, and holy severity which he inflicted upon himself. He beat beat his breast with a stone, so that his body was always wounded and bathed in blood. With all this he kept continually before his mind, in fear and trembling, the severity of the judgment of God. Absorbed in profound meditation on this thought, "Alas!" he exclaimed with a shudder, "I think I hear at every moment the dreadfull trumpet, which will one day call us to judgment. Day and night it is sounding in my ears, and my troubled soul can find no rest, reflecting always upon the majesty of that God who is one day to judge it" Thus he passed his life in fear, and in the expectation of judgment. Happy was he, to anticipate that fearful trial by his constant and severe penance.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">L</font>et us also learn to reflect upon the judgment of God, for we must one day appear before it. Let us learn to fear it, for it will decide our fate for eternity. Let us learn to prepare for it, for our happiness or misery depends upon this preparation. Let us judge ourselves severely, that God may judge us in His mercy. Let us rise above the vain judgment of men, for this it is which turns us aside from the law of God. Finally, let us ask of God that he wrill be gracious to us on the dreadful day of retribution. <br><br><br><br><br> <A NAME="Refresh\_SOD"style="border-style: none"/></a> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">December 3rd, St. Francis Xavier, Confessor.</font> <br><br> <img src="Saint%20of%20the%20Day%2012.03.08.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""> <br><br> <a href="St. Francis Xavier Apostle of India.html">St. Francis Xavier Apostle of India and Japan</a> <a href="Xavier.html">        St. Francis Xavier I.</a> <a href="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html">        St. Francis Xavier II.</a> <a href="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Christian Instruction.html')">Christian Instruction</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Pleasure\_of\_Serving\_God.html')">Sermon: The Pleasure of Serving God</a> <br><br> <a href="3.html">Advent Calendar: with daily meditations through Dec. 31st</a> <a href="Month of the Nativity.html">The Month of the Nativity</a> <br><br> <i>December Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">December Novenas</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Barbara.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Novena to Our Lady of Guadalupe: Dec. 4th - Dec. 12th</option> <option value="St. Lucy.html#Novena">Novena to St. Lucy: Dec. 5th - Dec. 13th</option> <option value="Christmas Novena.html">Christmas Novena: Dec. 16th - Dec. 24th</option> <option value="Stephen Litany.html#Novena">Novena to St. Stephen: Dec. 18th - Dec. 26th</option> <option value="St. John Evangelist Novena.html">Novena to St. John the Evangelist:<br>Dec. 19th - Dec. 27th</option> <option value="Circumcision\_Gospel.html">Novena for the Feast of the Circumcision:<br>Dec. 23rd - Dec. 31st</option> <option value="Holy Name.html#Novena">Novena in Honor Holy Name of Jesus: Dec. 25th - Jan. 2nd</option> <option value="Novena of the Epiphany.html">Novena of the Epiphany: Dec. 28th - Jan. 5th</option> <option value="Devotions to the Holy Family.html#Novena">Novena to the Holy Family: Dec. 30th - Jan. 7th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">St. Andrew Christmas Novena --Begins the Feast of St. Andrew and ends Christmas Day</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Little Office Advent Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Season of Advent</a> <br><br> <i>Related links for the Sacrament of Penance</i> <br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="">Select from the Following:</option> <option value="Examine%20Index.html">Examination of Conscience</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On the Vice of Impurity.html#Idolatry')">The Idolatry of the Creature Due to Impurity</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Unchaste Thoughts and Desires.html')">Moral Teaching on Unchaste Thoughts and Desires and Prayers to Overcome Temptations</option> <option value="Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Sacrament of Penance</option> <option value="Confession Q and A.html">The Sacrament of Penance, All of Your Questions Answered</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon\_Confession.html')">On the Benefits of a Good Confession</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Turning from Sin.html')">Two Short Sermons: <br>On Turning from Sin to God <br> The Sentiments of a Penitent Sinner</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Relapse into Sin popup.html')">Causes of Relapse into Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Preparation\_Repentance\_Confession.html')"> On the Preparation Necessary to <br>Make a Good Confession<br><br> On Motives for Repentance and Contrition <br>Necessary for a Good Confession</option> <option value="Self-Examination.html">The Necessity of Self-Examination</option> <option value="Examine 9.html">The Seven Deadly Sins, Nine Ways to Being an Accessory to Another's Sin, Sins Against the Holy Spirit</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Exposition on the Sixth Commandment.html')">The Sixth Commandment: Explained by St. Thomas Aquinas</option> <option value="Ritual%20of%20the%20Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Rite of Confession </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Thirteenth Sunday After Pentecost.html#General Confession')">General Confession</option> <option value="The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin Liguori.html">The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin<br>by St. Alphonsus Liguori</option> <option value="Contrition.html">Contrition</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment.html')">Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment</option> <option value="False Peace Sinful Conscience.html">The False Peace of a Sinful Conscience, by Fr. Hunolt, 1691-1746</option> <option value="Render Our Account.html">Render an Account of Your Life: A Must Read for Every Soul </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Sinner seeks God.html')">The Sinner will Seek God at Death</option> <option value="St. Alphonsu the number of sins.html">On the Number of Sins, by St. Aphonsus Di Liguori</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="Penitent%27s%20Prayer.html">Penitent's Consolation</option> <option value="Sin.html">The Nature of Sin</option> <option value="Folly of Sin.html">The Folly of Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Venial Sins.html')">On Not Making Light of Venial Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Multitude\_of\_Sins.html')">On the Multitude of Our Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon\_Mortal Sin.html')"><br>On the Horror of Mortal Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Spiritual Murder.html')">On Spiritual Murder</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Thursday\_First\_Week\_Lent.html')">Examination of Our Duties <br>and State of Life</option> <option value="Conscience.html">Conscience</option> <option value="Ten%20Commandments%20Index.html">Index of the Ten Commandments</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners.html')">The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners</option> <option value="The Sinners Guide.html">The Sinner's Guide <br>by Ven. Louis of Granada, O.P.</option> <option value="Childrens Confession.html">Catholic Instruction for Children for the Sacrament of Penance, 1897</option> </option></select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">St. Francis Xavier, Confessor</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> God, Who wast pleased by the preaching and miracles of blessed Francis, to bring into Thy Church the nations of the Indies: mercifully grant that we who honor his glorious merits, may also follow the pattern of his virtues. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <br><br> <i> <br><br> V. The Lord loved him, and adorned him. <br><br> R. He clothed him with a robe of glory. <br><br> Ant. I will liken him to a wise man who built his house upon a rock. <br><br> (Roman Breviary) </i> <br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">A</font> young Spanish gentleman, in the dangerous days of the Reformation, was making a name for himself as a Professor of Philosophy in the University of Paris, and had seemingly no higher aim, when St. Ignatius of Loyola won him to heavenly thoughts. After a brief apostolate amongst his countrymen in Rome he was sent by St. Ignatius to the Indies, where for twelve years he was to wear himself out, bearing the Gospel to Hindostan, to Malacca, and to Japan.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font>hwarted by the jealousy, covetousness, and carelessness of those who should have helped and encouraged him, neither their opposition nor the difficulties of every sort which he encountered could make him slacken his labors for souls. The vast kingdom of China appealed to his charity, and he was resolved to risk his life to force an entry, when God took him to Himself, and on the 3rd of December, 1552, he died, like Moses, in sight of the promise <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">December 2nd, St. Bibiana, Virgin and Martyr. First Saturday.</font> <br><br> <img src="Saint%20of%20the%20Day%2012.02.08.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""> <br><br> <a href="Immaculate%20Heart%20of%20Mary.html#OLS">Our Lady's Saturday</a> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</a> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#First Saturday">Five First Saturdays</a> <a href="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary; Fatima and the Rosary</a></li> <a href="Remodel\_your\_home.html">Remodel Your Home After Mary's Heart</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Manning\_Revolt\_Society.html')">The Revolt of Society from God</a> <br><br> <i>December Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">December Novenas</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Barbara.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Novena to Our Lady of Guadalupe: Dec. 4th - Dec. 12th</option> <option value="St. Lucy.html#Novena">Novena to St. Lucy: Dec. 5th - Dec. 13th</option> <option value="Christmas Novena.html">Christmas Novena: Dec. 16th - Dec. 24th</option> <option value="Stephen Litany.html#Novena">Novena to St. Stephen: Dec. 18th - Dec. 26th</option> <option value="St. John Evangelist Novena.html">Novena to St. John the Evangelist:<br>Dec. 19th - Dec. 27th</option> <option value="Circumcision\_Gospel.html">Novena for the Feast of the Circumcision:<br>Dec. 23rd - Dec. 31st</option> <option value="Holy Name.html#Novena">Novena in Honor Holy Name of Jesus: Dec. 25th - Jan. 2nd</option> <option value="Novena of the Epiphany.html">Novena of the Epiphany: Dec. 28th - Jan. 5th</option> <option value="Devotions to the Holy Family.html#Novena">Novena to the Holy Family: Dec. 30th - Jan. 7th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">St. Andrew Christmas Novena --Begins the Feast of St. Andrew and ends Christmas Day</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Little Office Advent Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Season of Advent</a> <br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> God, the giver of all good s, who didst unite in thy servant Bibiana the flower of virginity with the palm of martyrdom: so unite our souls to Thee in the bond of charity by virtue of her intercession, that being freed from all dangers, we may obtain the rewards of everlasting life. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i>(Roman Breviary)</i><br><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">S</font>aint Bibiana was a native of Rome, born in the fourth century, the daughter and sister of martyrs. Flavian, her Christian father, was apprehended during the reign of Julian the Apostate, branded on the face as a slave, and banished to Toscany, where he died of his wounds a few days later. Her mother, Dafrosa, was beheaded two weeks later. Their two daughters, Bibiana and Demetria, after the death of their parents were stripped of all they had in the world, and then imprisoned with orders to give them no food. The Roman praetorian offered them rewards if they would abandon their faith, and threatened a cruel death if they would not conform, but they replied courageously that the goods and advantages of this world had no attraction for them, and that they would endure a thousand deaths rather than betray their faith and their Saviour. Demetria, after having pronounced this ardent defense, fell to the ground and expired at her sister's side; she is inscribed in the Roman martyrology on June 21st.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font>he officer gave orders that Bibiana be placed in the custody of a woman named Rufina, who was commanded to corrupt her or mistreat her. But the martyr made prayer her shield and remained invincible. Enraged at the courage and perseverance of the young virgin, the persecutor ordered her to be tied to a pillar and whipped until she expired, with scourges tipped with leaden plummets. The Saint underwent this punishment cheerfully, and died at the hands of the executioners. She was buried by a holy priest at a site where afterwards a chapel and then a church were built above her tomb. In 1628 the church was splendidly rebuilt by Pope Urban VIII, and in it he placed the relics of the two sisters and of Saint Dafrosa, their mother. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">November 30th,<br> St. Andrew, Apostle</font> <br><br> <img src="11.30.11.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""><br><br> <a href="St. Andrew Popup.html">St. Andrew I.</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St\_Andrew\_Popup2\_2019.html')">St. Andrew II.</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Andrew Epistle Gospel.html')">Feast Day of St. Andrew, by Rev. Geoffine, 1896</a> <a href="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">St. Andrew's Christmas Novena (26 Days): Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</a> <a href="The Labor of the Apostles Book.html">The Labor of the Apostles: <br>Their Teaching of the Nations</a> <a href="Labor of the Apostles.html">The Lives of the 12 Apostles and St. Paul: The Apostles Creed</a> <a href="Tissot Illustrated Bible V1 Part2.html">Vol. 1, Part 2: The Ministry of Jesus Christ from the Latin Vulgate, as Illustrated by Catholic Artist and Historian, James Tissot, 1899</a> <a href="Tissot Illustrated Bible V2.html">Vol. 2: Parables and Teachings of Jesus Christ from the Latin Vulgate, as Illustrated by Catholic Artist and Historian, James Tissot, 1899</a> <a href="Stations.html">Stations of the Cross</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Litany of the Holy Cross.html')">Exaltation of the Holy Cross</a> <a href="Finding of the Holy Cross.html">Finding of the Holy Cross</a> <a href="The Holy Ways of the Cross.html">The Holy Ways of the Cross <br>by Henri Boudon, 1875</a> <br><br> <i> <font style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"> As we approach the end of the month of November which is dedicated to the Poor Souls in Purgatory, please continue to pray for them--especially those departed members of your family--each day, using the prayers and devotions included in the Purgatory Index below: </font></i> <br><br> <a href="November\_Poor\_Souls\_MP.html">Links for Prayers and Devotions to the Poor Souls during the month of November</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Visit the Grave\_Zollner.html">Why Catholics are obligated to visit their loved ones at the cemetery</a> <a href="The Cry of the Souls\_Zollner.html">The Cry of the Souls in <br>Purgatory to us</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('All Souls Prayers and Devotions New.html#Parents')">Prayers for Deceased Parents</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">St. Andrew, Apostle</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">W</font>e humbly beseech Thy majesty, O Lord: That as blessed Andrew was raised up to be a preacher and ruler in Thy Church, so he may be our constant intercessor with Thee. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> Ant. The Lord saw Peter and Andrew, and He called them. <br><br> Follow me, I will make you fishers of men, saith the Lord. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)</i><br><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">S</font>aint Andrew was one of the fishermen of Bethsaida, and was the brother of Saint Peter. He became a disciple of Saint John the Baptist. When called himself by Christ on the banks of the Jordan, his first thought was to go in search of his brother, and he said to Peter, "We have found the Messiah!" and brought him to Jesus.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font>t was Saint Andrew who, when Christ wished to feed the five thousand in the desert, pointed out a little lad with five loaves and a few fishes. After Pentecost, Saint Andrew went forth upon his mission to plant the Faith in Scythia and Greece and, at the end of years of toil, to win a martyr's crown at Patrae in Achaia. When Saint Andrew first caught sight of the gibbet on which he was to die, he greeted the precious wood with joy. "O good cross!" he cried, "made beautiful by the limbs of Christ, so long desired, now so happily found! Receive me into thy arms and present me to my Master, that He who redeemed me through thee may now accept me from thee!" After suffering a cruel scourging he was left, bound by cords, to die upon this diagonal cross. For two whole days the martyr remained hanging on it, alive, preaching with outstretched arms from this chair of truth, to all who came near, and entreating them not to hinder his passion. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">November 29th, St. Saturninus, Martyr; the Vigil of St. Andrew</font><br><br> <img src="11.28.19.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""><br><br> <a href="#Refresh\_VIGLIG\_SA">November 29th, The Vigil of St. Andrew</a> <br><br> <i> <font style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"> As we approach the end of the month of November which is dedicated to the Poor Souls in Purgatory, please continue to pray for them--especially those departed members of your family--each day, using the prayers and devotions included in the Purgatory Index below: </font></i> <br><br> <a href="November\_Poor\_Souls\_MP.html">Links for Prayers and Devotions to the Poor Souls during the month of November</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Visit the Grave\_Zollner.html">Why Catholics are obligated to visit their loved ones at the cemetery</a> <a href="The Cry of the Souls\_Zollner.html">The Cry of the Souls in <br>Purgatory to us</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('All Souls Prayers and Devotions New.html#Parents')">Prayers for Deceased Parents</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">St. Saturninus, Martyr</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> God, Who dost vouchsafe that we may rejoice on the festival of blessed Saturninum Thy Martyr; grant that we may be assisted by his merits. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> Ant. This Saint hath striven for the law of his God even unto death, and hath not fearred for the words of the ungodly; for he had been founded upon a firm rock. <br><br> V. Thou hast crowned him with glory and honor, O Lord. <br><br> R. And hast set him over the works of Thy hands. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">S</font style>t. Saturninus went from Rome, by direction of Pope Fabian, about the year 245, to preach the faith in Gaul. He fixed his episcopal see at Toulouse, and thus became the first Christian bishop of that city. There were but few Christians in the place. However, their number grew fast after the coming of the Saint; and his power was felt by the spirits of evil, who received the worship of the heathen. His power was felt the more because he had to pass daily through the capitol, the high place of the heathen worship, on the way to his own church.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font style>ne day a great multitude was gathered by an altar, where a bull stood ready for the sacrifice. A man in the crowd pointed out Saturninus, who was passing by and the people would have forced him to idolatry; but the holy bishop answered: "I know but one God, and to Him I will offer the sacrifice of praise. How can I fear gods who, as you say, are afraid of me? On this he was fastened to the bull, which was driven down the capitol. The brains of the Saint were scattered on the steps. His mangled body was taken up and buried by two devout women. <br><br> Reflection--When beset by the temptations of the devil, let us call upon the Saints, who reign with Christ. They were powerful during their lives against the devil and his angels. They are more powerful now that they have passed from the Church on earth to the Church triumphant. <br><br><hr><br><br> <A NAME="Refresh\_VIGLIG\_SA"style="border-style: none"/></a> <img src ="Calling\_Andrew\_Vigil.jpg"><br> <i>The Calling of St. Andrew with St. Peter</i> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">Vigil of St. Andrew</font style> <br><i>from the Liturgical Year, 1903</i> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">C</font style>hristmas begins to glimmer on the horizon. The last Sunday after Pentecost has given us the closing instructions of the moveable Cycle. Beginning with the twenty-seventh of this month, the present days belong in some years to the new Cycle, in others to the one which is ending. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font style>he last Lesson from the Scripture of the Time (Saturday before first Sunday in Advent) ends with the solemn declaration of the last of the Prophets, announcing the approach of a new era: From the rising of the sun even to the going down, my Name is great among the Gentiles, and in every place there is sacrifice, and there is offered to my Name a clean oblation! for my Name is great among the Gentiles, saith the Lord of hosts. (Malachi 1:11) And in today's Gospel (John 1:35-51) we have St. John the Baptist echoing the words of Malachias, and joining the old and the new times together: Behold the Lamb of God! He points out to us the Messias close at hand. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">A</font style>ndrew, brother of Peter, and another of John's disciples, asked this Messias: Rabbi, where dwellest thou? Jesus answered: Come and see. And they went, continues the Evangelist, and saw where he abode, and they stayed with him that day. Whereupon St. Augustine speaking in the name of the Church on this Vigil, says: "Let us build him a dwelling in our hearts, that he may come to us, and teach us, and live with us." (Homily on the Vigil, Tract 7 on John) Here is our Advent planned out for us. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">L</font style>et us put that blessed season under the protection of the Apostle of the Cross, and also of the holy Martyr Saturninus, whom the Church has honored on this day from time immemorial. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">W</font style>e beseech thee, O Almighty God, that the blessed Apostle Andrew, whose festival we anticipate, may implore thy help for us; that absolved from our sins, we may also be delivered from all dangers. Through our Lord. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">November 28th, in some places St. Catherine Laboure</font><br><br> <img src="Catherine\_Laboure\_Sidebar\_2018.jpg"><br><br> <a href="Novena Miraculous Medal.html#Saint">St. Catharine Laboure</a> <a href="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal <br>the Origin and History</a> <br><br> <i> <font style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"> As we approach the end of the month of November which is dedicated to the Poor Souls in Purgatory, please continue to pray for them--especially those departed members of your family--each day, using the prayers and devotions included in the Purgatory Index below: </font></i> <br><br> <a href="November\_Poor\_Souls\_MP.html">Links for Prayers and Devotions to the Poor Souls during the month of November</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Visit the Grave\_Zollner.html">Why Catholics are obligated to visit their loved ones at the cemetery</a> <a href="The Cry of the Souls\_Zollner.html">The Cry of the Souls in <br>Purgatory to us</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('All Souls Prayers and Devotions New.html#Parents')">Prayers for Deceased Parents</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4"> On the soul's being presented before the tribunal of God.</font><br> <i>by St. Alphonsus Di Liguori</i><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">W</font>hen criminals are presented before their judges, though they fear and tremble, yet flatter themselves that either their crimes will not be proved against them, or that their judges will remit in part the punishments which they have deserved. O God! how great will be the terror of a guilty soul when presented before Jesus Christ, from whom nothing will be hidden, and who will judge her with the utmost severity! I am the judge and the witness, Jer. xxix. 23., will He then say to her: I am thy judge and I am witness of all the offences thou hast committed against me. O my Jesus, I deserved to hear this from thy mouth, had the hour of my judgment arrived. But now thou art pleased to assure me, that if I will repent of my sins, thou wilt no longer remember them: I will not remember all his iniquities. Ez. xviii. 22.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font>t is the opinion of divines, that in the same place in which the soul is separated from the body, she will be judged, and her lot decided either for eternal life or eternal death. But should the soul unhappily depart from the body in sin, what shall she be able to say when Jesus Christ shall remind her of His abused mercies, of the years He granted her, of the calls by which He invited her, and of the many other means which He afforded her of securing her salvation? Jesus my Redeemer, Thou who condemnest obstinate sinners, dost not condemn those who love Thee and who are sorry for having offended Thee. I am a sinner, but I love Thee more than myself, and I am sorry above every evil for having displeased Thee; O, do Thou pardon me before the time comes when Thou wilt judge me. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">A</font>t what hour you think not, the Son of Man will come. St. Luke xii. 40. When, therefore, O my Jesus and my judge, Thou shalt judge me, after my death, Thy wounds will be a terror to me, reproaching me with my ingratitude for the love which Thou hast shown me in suffering and dying for me; but now they encourage me and give me confidence to hope for pardon from Thee, my Redeemer, who, for the love of me and that Thou mayest not have to condemn me, didst suffer Thyself to be tormented and crucified. We therefore pray Thee, help Thy servants whom Thou hast redeemed with Thy precious blood. O my Jesus! have pity on me, who am one of those sheep for whom Thou didst shed Thy sacred blood. If hitherto I have despised Thee, I now esteem and love Thee above all things. Make known to me the means by which I may be saved, and strengthen me to fulfil Thy holy will. I will no longer abuse Thy goodness. Thou hast placed me under too many obligations to Thee, I will no longer suffer myself to live at a distance from Thee and deprived of Thy love. Mary, mother of mercy, have compassion on me. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">November 26th, Twenty-sixth and Last Sunday After Pentecost. The Last Judgment.</font> <br><br> <a href="Last Sunday Ecclesiastical Year.html"> The End of the World: Parts 1 - 6<br></a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Twentyfourth Sunday After Pentecost\_Gospel.html')">Last Sunday After Pentecost: Epistle and Gospel</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Twenty-Fourth Sunday After Pentecost.html')">Last Sunday After Pentecost: The General Judgment & 2nd Coming of Christ</a> <a href="The Second Coming.html">The Second Coming</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Last\_Days.html')">Five Short Sermons On:<br> 1.) The Terrors of the Last Days </a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Last\_Days.html#Sermon2')">2.) The General Resurrection</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Last\_Days.html#Sermon3')">3.) The Coming of the Judge</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Last\_Days.html#Sermon4')">4.) The Separation of the Good from the Bad</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Last\_Days.html#Sermon5')">5.) The Opening of the Books </a> <a href="Ferrer\_end\_of\_world.html">The End of the World and Last Judgment, Vincent Ferrer</a> <br><Br> <a href="The Little Number of Those Who Are Saved.html">The fewness of those saved. Will you be one of them?</a> <a href="Sins of Omission.html">Sins of Omission<br>by Cardinal Manning</a> <a href="Fear of Divine Justice.html">Fear of Divine Justice</a> <a href="St. Alphonsu the number of sins.html">On the Number of Sins, by St. Aphonsus Di Liguori</a> <A HREF="javascript:popUp('Death-Bed Conversion.html')">Death-Bed Repentance</a> <br><br> <a href="General Judgment.html">The End of the World and the General Judgment</a> <a href="Dies Irae.html">Dies Irae (Day of Wrath) <br>by Rev. Nicholaus Gihr</a> <a href="Death.html">Death and the Importance of Salvation</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Sinner at Death.html')">The Sinner at Death</a> <a href="Meditations on Saving Your Soul.html">Meditations on Saving Your Soul: Will it be Heaven or Hell?</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Vianney Salvation.html')">Salvation: from the Catechism of St. John Vianney</a> <a href="Father%20Daman%20Lecture%201.html">No Salvation Outside the Catholic Church</a> <a href="Litany of Faith Main.html">Litany of Faith and the Necessity of the Catholic Faith for Salvation</a> <br><br> <i> 4 Part Series on the signs that are to precede the Last Judgement: </i> <br><br> <a href="The Coming and Cruelty of Antichrist.html">I.       On the Coming and <br>         Cruelty of Antichrist</a> <a href="Terrible signs preceeding the Last Judgment.html">II.     Terrible signs preceeding<br>         The Last Judgment</a> <a href="Causes of Terrible Signs.html">III.   The Causes of these<br>         Terrible Signs</a> <a href="Suddenness of Last Day.html">IV.    The Suddenness of the <br>         Last Day</a> <br><br> <A NAME="GoffineMass"style="border-style: none"/></a> <A NAME="GoffineMassParts"style="border-style: none"/></a> <a href="Goffine\_Mass\_Parts.html">A Devout Guide to follow the Tridentine Latin Mass of Pope St. Pius V. Recommended for Those Who Cannot Attend Mass in Person. 24th Sunday After Pentecost.</a> <a href="The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass.html">The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, Fr. O' Keeffe, 1891</a> <a href="Quo Primum.html">Papal Bull: Quo Primum, the Tridentine Mass for all Times</a> <a href="Why the Latin Mass.html">Why the Mass is in Latin</a> <a href="Catholic Worship.html">Catholic Worship, Explained</a> <a href="Mass at Home.html">Manner of Hearing Mass At Home: For those who on account of sickness, old age, or for other proper reasons cannot assist at holy Mass, especially on Sundays and Holidays</a> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <br><br><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">November 23rd,<br>St. Clement I., Pope and Martyr and St. Felicitas, Martyr</font> <br><br> <img src="Saint%20of%20the%20Day%2011.23.08.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""><br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Clement I and St. Felicity.html')">St. Clement I. and St. Felicity</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Seven Brothers.html')">The Seven Brothers</a> <a href="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</a> <a href="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</a> <a href="Index of Childrens Prayer.html">Children Prayers and Sermons</a> <br><br> <a href="November\_Poor\_Souls\_MP.html">Links for Prayers and Devotions to the Poor Souls during the month of November</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Visit the Grave\_Zollner.html">Why Catholics are obligated to visit their loved ones at the cemetery</a> <a href="The Cry of the Souls\_Zollner.html">The Cry of the Souls in <br>Purgatory to us</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">St. Clement I., Pope and Martyr and St. Felicitas, Martyr</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> Eternal Shepherd, watch over the peace of Thy flock, and through blessed Clement, Thy Martyr and Sovereign Pontiff, whom thou didst appoint shepherd over the whole Church, keep her under Thy constant protection. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> Blessed is the man who endures temptation: for when he has been tried, he will receive the crown of life which God has promised to those who love him. <br><br> Ant. The kingdom of heaven is like a merchant in search of good pearls. When he finds a single one of great price, he gives all that he has and buys it. <br><br> (Roman Breviary) </i> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">November 22nd, St. Cecilia, Virgin and Martyr</font> <br><br> <img src="Saint%20of%20the%20Day%2011.22.08.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""><br><br> <a href="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena and Devotions to St. Cecilia</a> <a href="The Life of St. Cecilia.html">The Life of St. Cecilia, Virgin and Martyr, by Dom Gueranger, 1866</a> <a href="Your Guardian Angel throughout Life.html">Your Guardian Angel throughout life</a> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('All Souls Prayers and Devotions New.html#Parents')">Prayers for Deceased Parents</a> <a href="November\_Poor\_Souls\_MP.html">Links for Prayers and Devotions to the Poor Souls during the month of November</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Visit the Grave\_Zollner.html">Why Catholics are obligated to visit their loved ones at the cemetery</a> <a href="The Cry of the Souls\_Zollner.html">The Cry of the Souls in <br>Purgatory to us</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">St. Cecilia, Virgin and Martyr</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> God, Who dost gladden us with the yearly festival of blessed Cecilia thy Virgin and Martyr: grant, that we who honor her with our service, may also follow the example of her godly life. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> Ant. There is a secret, O Valerian, which I wish to tell thee: I have a lover, an Angel of God, who with great jealousy guards my body. <br><br> V. With thy comeliness and thy beauty. <br><br> R. Set out, proceed prosperously, and reign. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">November 21st, The Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</font> <br><br> <img src="Saint%20of%20the%20Day%2011.21.08.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""><br><br> <a href="Presentation%20of%20Mary.html">I. Presentation of the <br>    Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the <br>    Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Epistle Gospel Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Explanation of the Feast of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <a href="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</a> <a href="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim <br>and St. Anne, 1859</a> <a href="Remodel\_your\_home.html">Remodel Your Home After Mary's Heart</a> <br><br> <a href="November\_Poor\_Souls\_MP.html">Links for Prayers and Devotions to the Poor Souls during the month of November</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Visit the Grave\_Zollner.html">Why Catholics are obligated to visit their loved ones at the cemetery</a> <a href="The Cry of the Souls\_Zollner.html">The Cry of the Souls in <br>Purgatory to us</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <br><br> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">The Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> God, Who didst will the blessed and ever-Virgin Mary, herself the dwelling-place of the Holy Ghost, should this day be presented in the temple; grant, we beseech Thee, that through her intercession we may be found worthy to be presented in the temple of Thy glory. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> V. Vouchsafe that I may praise thee, O Holy Virgin. <br><br> R. Give me stregnth against thy enemies. <br><br> Ant. O Blessed Virgin Mother of God, Mary, ever a Virgin, temple of the Lord, sanctuary of the Holy Ghost, thou alone without peer didst please our Lord Jesus Christ, alleluia. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4"> The Presentation of <br>Mary in the Temple</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font>he king shall greatly desire thy beauty: for He is the Lord Thy God, and Him they shall adore. (Psalm xliv. 12.)<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">M</font>ary from the first moment of her existence offered herself to God as an entire and an unblemished holocaust. From the instant when she was conceived immaculate the burden of her continual song was this: "I live; not I, but God Who lives in me." Oh, glorious child, who was thus from the first a participator of the divine nature!<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">B</font>ut she was not content with this mere offering of her heart. She must in outward act consecrate herself to God. As soon as her tine feet could walk she was brought to the Temple by her holy parents, Joachim and Anne. With what an ecstasy of delight she must have entered into the Temple, crying out: "How lovely are Thy tabernacles, O Lord of hosts: my soul longeth and fainteth for the courts of the Lord." (Psalm lxxxiii. I, 2.) Have I any of the same desire to consecrate my life to God?<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">M</font>ary knew that God is not to be found in the midst of the tumult and confusion of distracting cares, but that it is in silence and in solitude that He speaks to the heart (Osee ii. 14). She was teaching us to give, in some quiet retreat, now and again, our thoughts and our hearts to God and God alone.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">M</font>ary, it was thy lowliness,<br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">W</font>ell pleasing to the Lord,<br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">T</font>hat made thee worthy to become<br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">T</font>he Mother of the Word.<br> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">November 19th, St. Elizabeth of Hungary, Widow</font> <br><br> <img src="Saint%20of%20the%20Day%2011.19.08.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""> <br><br> <a href="Immaculate%20Heart%20of%20Mary.html#OLS">Our Lady's Saturday</a> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</a> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#First Saturday">Five First Saturdays</a> <a href="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary; Fatima and the Rosary</a> <a href="Remodel\_your\_home.html">Remodel Your Home After Mary's Heart</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Manning\_Revolt\_Society.html')">The Revolt of Society from God</a> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html')">St. Elizabeth of Hungary</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</a> <a href="Blessings%20of%20Children.html">Blessings of Many Children</a> <a href="Index%20of%20Childrens%20Prayer.html">Index of Children Prayers</a> <a href="Corporal Works of Mercy.html">The Corporal Works of Mercy</a> <a href="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</a> <a href="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <br><br> <a href="November\_Poor\_Souls\_MP.html">Links for Prayers and Devotions to the Poor Souls during the month of November</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Visit the Grave\_Zollner.html">Why Catholics are obligated to visit their loved ones at the cemetery</a> <a href="The Cry of the Souls\_Zollner.html">The Cry of the Souls in <br>Purgatory to us</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Where is Purgatory.html')">Where is Purgatory</a> <a href="November 17th.html">Daily Meditations for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>Related links for the Sacrament of Penance</i> <br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="">Select from the Following:</option> <option value="Examine%20Index.html">Examination of Conscience</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On the Vice of Impurity.html#Idolatry')">The Idolatry of the Creature Due to Impurity</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Unchaste Thoughts and Desires.html')">Moral Teaching on Unchaste Thoughts and Desires and Prayers to Overcome Temptations</option> <option value="Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Sacrament of Penance</option> <option value="Confession Q and A.html">The Sacrament of Penance, All of Your Questions Answered</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon\_Confession.html')">On the Benefits of a Good Confession</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Turning from Sin.html')">Two Short Sermons: <br>On Turning from Sin to God <br> The Sentiments of a Penitent Sinner</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Relapse into Sin popup.html')">Causes of Relapse into Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Preparation\_Repentance\_Confession.html')"> On the Preparation Necessary to <br>Make a Good Confession<br><br> On Motives for Repentance and Contrition <br>Necessary for a Good Confession</option> <option value="Self-Examination.html">The Necessity of Self-Examination</option> <option value="Examine 9.html">The Seven Deadly Sins, Nine Ways to Being an Accessory to Another's Sin, Sins Against the Holy Spirit</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Exposition on the Sixth Commandment.html')">The Sixth Commandment: Explained by St. Thomas Aquinas</option> <option value="Ritual%20of%20the%20Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Rite of Confession </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Thirteenth Sunday After Pentecost.html#General Confession')">General Confession</option> <option value="The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin Liguori.html">The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin<br>by St. Alphonsus Liguori</option> <option value="Contrition.html">Contrition</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment.html')">Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment</option> <option value="False Peace Sinful Conscience.html">The False Peace of a Sinful Conscience, by Fr. Hunolt, 1691-1746</option> <option value="Render Our Account.html">Render an Account of Your Life: A Must Read for Every Soul </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Sinner seeks God.html')">The Sinner will Seek God at Death</option> <option value="St. Alphonsu the number of sins.html">On the Number of Sins, by St. Aphonsus Di Liguori</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="Penitent%27s%20Prayer.html">Penitent's Consolation</option> <option value="Sin.html">The Nature of Sin</option> <option value="Folly of Sin.html">The Folly of Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Venial Sins.html')">On Not Making Light of Venial Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Multitude\_of\_Sins.html')">On the Multitude of Our Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon\_Mortal Sin.html')"><br>On the Horror of Mortal Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Spiritual Murder.html')">On Spiritual Murder</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Thursday\_First\_Week\_Lent.html')">Examination of Our Duties <br>and State of Life</option> <option value="Conscience.html">Conscience</option> <option value="Ten%20Commandments%20Index.html">Index of the Ten Commandments</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners.html')">The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners</option> <option value="The Sinners Guide.html">The Sinner's Guide <br>by Ven. Louis of Granada, O.P.</option> <option value="Childrens Confession.html">Catholic Instruction for Children for the Sacrament of Penance, 1897</option> </option></select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">St. Elizabeth of Hungary, Widow</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">E</font>nlighten the hearts of Thy faithful O God of mercy; and through the renowned prayers of blessed Elizabeth, grant that we may despise worldly welfare, and ever be gladdened by consolation from heaven. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> Ant. The kingdom of heaven is like a merchant in search of good pearls. When he finds a single one of great price, he gives all that he has and buys it. <br><br> V. With thy comeliness and thy beauty. <br><br> R. Set out, proceed prosperously, and reign. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">November 18th, Dedication of the Basilicas of Sts. Peter and Paul</font> <br><br> <img src="Saint%20of%20the%20Day%2011.18.08.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""> <br><br> <a href="Sacred Heart Enthronement.html">The Enthronement of the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <a href="Devotions to the Sacred Heart.html#Reparation">Act of Reparation to the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <a href="Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus.html">Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Dedication Basilicas.html')">Dedication of the Basilicas of Saints Peter and Paul, Apostles</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Peter and Paul popup.html')"> Ss. Peter and Paul, Apostles</a> <a href="Labor of the Apostles.html">The Lives of the 12 Apostles and St. Paul: The Apostles Creed</a> <a href="The Labor of the Apostles Book.html">The Labor of the Apostles: <br>Their Teaching of the Nations</a> <a href="St. Peter Lives of the Popes.html">St. Peter, Apostle and First Pope</a> <a href="Tissot Illustrated Bible V1 Part2.html">Vol. 1, Part 2: The Ministry of Jesus Christ from the Latin Vulgate, as Illustrated by Catholic Artist and Historian, James Tissot, 1899</a> <a href="Tissot Illustrated Bible V2.html">Vol. 2: Parables and Teachings of Jesus Christ from the Latin Vulgate, as Illustrated by Catholic Artist and Historian, James Tissot, 1899</a> <a href="Baptism.html#Patron">Prayers and Novena to Your Patron Saint at Baptism</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <br><br> <a href="November\_Poor\_Souls\_MP.html">Links for Prayers and Devotions to the Poor Souls during the month of November</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Visit the Grave\_Zollner.html">Why Catholics are obligated to visit their loved ones at the cemetery</a> <a href="The Cry of the Souls\_Zollner.html">The Cry of the Souls in <br>Purgatory to us</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Where is Purgatory.html')">Where is Purgatory</a> <a href="November 17th.html">Daily Meditations for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <br><br><br> <img src="Sts\_Peter\_Paul\_Basilica.jpg"><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">Dedication of the Basilicas of Sts. Peter and Paul</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> God, Who year by year bringest round once more the day of the consecration of this Thy holy temple, and summonest us, still hale and well, to take part again and again in these holy mysteries: graciously hear Thy people's prayer, and grant that, whosoever shall enter into this holy temple to ask good things from Thee, they may receive with joy whatever they shall ask. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> V. This is the house of the Lord, strongly built. <br><br> R. It is well founded upon a firm rock. <br><br> Ant. The Lord hath sanctified his tabernacle: for this is the house of God, wherein his name shall be invoked, of which it is written: And my name shall be there, saith the Lord. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">November 17th, St. Gregory Thaumaturgus, Bishop and Confessor</font> <br><br> <img src="Saint%20of%20the%20Day%2011.17.08.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""><br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Gregory Thaumaturgus.html')">St. Gregory Thaumaturgus</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Miracles.html')">Saints: the Gift of Miracles</a> <a href="Baptism.html">The Sacrament of Baptism</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('The Virtue of Chastity.html')"> Prayers for the Preservation of Chastity. An Explanation and Defense of the Virtue of Chastity</a> <a href="Devils who Tempt.html">Part 3:  Temptations and the <br>            Devils who Tempt</a> <a href="Exorcism.html">St. Michael/ Exorcism</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <br><br> <a href="November\_Poor\_Souls\_MP.html">Links for Prayers and Devotions to the Poor Souls during the month of November</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Visit the Grave\_Zollner.html">Why Catholics are obligated to visit their loved ones at the cemetery</a> <a href="The Cry of the Souls\_Zollner.html">The Cry of the Souls in <br>Purgatory to us</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Where is Purgatory.html')">Where is Purgatory</a> <a href="November 17th.html">Daily Meditations for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">St. Gregory Thaumaturgus, Bishop and Confessor</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">G</font>rant, we beseech Thee, Almighty God: that the holy festival of blessed Gregory Thy Confessor and Bishop may both increase our devotion and advance our salvation. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> Ant. O priest and Bishop, and worker of virtues, good shepherd of the people, pray unto the Lord for us. <br><br> V. The Lord loved him and adorned him. <br><br> R. He clothed him with a rob of glory. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">November 16th, St. Gertrude the Great, Abbess</font> <br><br> <img src="Saint%20of%20the%20Day%2011.16.08.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""><br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude New Popup.html')">St. Gertrude the Great</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html')">Devotions and Prayers to <br>St. Gertrude</a> <a href="St. Gertrude Book.html">The Life and Revelations of Saint Gertrude, Virgin and Abbess</a> <a href="Devotions%20to%20the%20Sacred%20Heart.html">Devotions to the Sacred Heart</a> <a href="Sacred%20Heart%20Feast.html">Feast of the Sacred Heart</a> <a href="Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus.html">Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <a href="The Manual of the Sacred Heart.html"><br>The Manual of the Sacred Heart</a> <a href="The Holy Hour.html">The Holy Hour</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <br><br> <a href="November\_Poor\_Souls\_MP.html">Links for Prayers and Devotions to the Poor Souls during the month of November</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Visit the Grave\_Zollner.html">Why Catholics are obligated to visit their loved ones at the cemetery</a> <a href="The Cry of the Souls\_Zollner.html">The Cry of the Souls in <br>Purgatory to us</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Where is Purgatory.html')">Where is Purgatory</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">St. Gertrude the Great, Abbess</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> God, Who in the heart of the blessed Virgin Gertrude, didst provide for Thyself a dwelling very pleasing in Thy sight: through her merits and intercession mercifully wash the stains from our hearts and grant that we may enjoy fellowship with her. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> V. With thy comeliness and thy beauty. <br><br> R. Set out, proceed prosperously, and reign. <br><br> Ant. Come, Spouse of Christ, receive the crown, which they Lord hath prepared for thee for all eternity. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)</i><br><br> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">November 15th, St. Albert the Great, Bishop, Confessor and Doctor of the Church</font> <br><br> <img src="Albert\_Great\_Miniature.jpg"> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Litany St. Albert.html')">St. Albert the Great</a> <a href="St. Albert the Great Book.html">Albert the Great, His Life and Scholastic Labours, 1876</a> <br><br> <a href="November\_Poor\_Souls\_MP.html">Links for Prayers and Devotions to the Poor Souls during the month of November</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Visit the Grave\_Zollner.html">Why Catholics are obligated to visit their loved ones at the cemetery</a> <a href="The Cry of the Souls\_Zollner.html">The Cry of the Souls in <br>Purgatory to us</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Where is Purgatory.html')">Where is Purgatory</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">St. Albert the Great, Bishop, Confessor and Doctor of the Church</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> God, Who didst make Blessed Albert, Thy Bishop and Doctor, great through subordinating human wisdom to divine faith: grant, we beseech Thee, that we may keep so firmly in the path of his authoritative teaching that we may enjoy perfect light in heaven. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> V. The Lord loved him and adorned him. <br><br> R. He clothed him with a robe of glory. <br><br> Ant. O excellent Doctor, light of holy Church, blessed Albert, lover of the divine law, pray unto the Son of God for us. <br><br> (Roman Breviary) </i> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">November 14th, St. Josephat, Bishop and Martyr</font> <br><br> <img src="Saint%20of%20the%20Day%2011.14.08.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""> <br><br> <a href="St. Josaphat.html">St. Josaphat</a> <a href="Saint Josaphat, Martyr of Catholic Unity.html">Saint Josaphat, Martyr of Catholic Unity</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Abjuration of Heresy and Profession of Faith.html')">Abjuration of Heresy and Profession of Faith of the Council of Trent, Pius IV., 1565</a> <br><br> <a href="November\_Poor\_Souls\_MP.html">Links for Prayers and Devotions to the Poor Souls during the month of November</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Visit the Grave\_Zollner.html">Why Catholics are obligated to visit their loved ones at the cemetery</a> <a href="The Cry of the Souls\_Zollner.html">The Cry of the Souls in <br>Purgatory to us</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Little Office Advent Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, for the Season of Advent</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">St. Josephat, Bishop and Martyr</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">S</font>tir up within Thy Church, O Lord, we beseech Thee, the Spirit which did so fill blessed Josaphat, Thy Martyr and Bishop, that he laid down his life for his sheep: by his intercession let us be so stirred and strengthened by the same Spirit, that we may not shrink from giving our lives for the brethren. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> V. Thou hast crowned him with glory and honor, O Lord. <br><br> R. And hast set him over the works of Thy hands. <br><br> Ant. This Saint hath striven for the law of his God even unto death, and hath not feared for the words of the ungodly; for he had been founded upon a firm rock. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <A NAME="Refresh"style="border-style: none"/></a> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">November 13th, St. Didacus, Confessor. In some places St. Stanilaus Kostka.</font> <br><br> <img src="Saint%20of%20the%20Day%2011.13.08.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Didacus.html')">St. Didacus, Confessor</a> <a href="Corporal Works of Mercy.html">The Corporal Works of Mercy</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Litany of the Holy Cross.html')">Litany of the Holy Cross</a> <a href="Shortened Stations.html">The Short Method of the <br>Stations of the Cross. Offer for the Poor Souls in Purgatory</a> <br><br> <img src="11.13.22 Alt miniature.jpg"> <br><br> <a href="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html"> St. Stanislaus Kostka</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('The Virtue of Chastity.html')"> Prayers for the Preservation of Chastity. An Explanation and Defense of the Virtue of Chastity</a> <a href="Holy Purity.html">Holy Purity</a> <a href="The Sin Unto Death.html">The Sin Unto Death<br>by Cardinal Manning</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Death-Bed Conversion.html')">Death-Bed Repentance</a> <br><br> <a href="November\_Poor\_Souls\_MP.html">Links for Prayers and Devotions to the Poor Souls during the month of November</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Visit the Grave\_Zollner.html">Why Catholics are obligated to visit their loved ones at the cemetery</a> <a href="The Cry of the Souls\_Zollner.html">The Cry of the Souls in <br>Purgatory to us</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Little Office Advent Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, for the Season of Advent</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">St. Didacus, Confessor</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">A</font>lmighty and everlasting God, Who in Thy wonderful providence hast chosen the weak things of the world to confound the strong, mercifully grant to us, Thy humble servants, that through the good prayers of blessed Didacus Thy confessor, we may become worthy to be raised to everlasting glory in heaven. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br><br> <i> V. The Lord loved him and adorned him. <br><br> R. He clothed him with a robe of glory. <br><br> Ant. I will liken him to a wise man that built his house upon a rock. <br><br> (Roman Breviary) </i> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">B</font>orn in Spain about A.D. 1400, he gave up all he possessed and entered, as a lay-brother, the Franciscan monastery at Arrizafa. He devoted himself especially to contemplation and was favored by God by such wonderful light that he spoke of heavenly things in an almost divine way. His ardent desire for martyrdom while he was in the Canary Islands was partly satisfied by all manner of tribulations.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">H</font>e returned to Rome the year of the Jubilee, under the pontificate of Nicholas V, was put in charge of the sick at the convent of Ars Caeli, and practiced so much charity, that in spite of the scarcity which desolated the city, those who were committed to his care never wanted the necessaries of life. The passion of Jesus was the ordinary subject of his meditations and prayers. Feeling that his end was near, with his eyes fixed on the cross, he uttered the words of the sacred hymn: "Wood and nails full of sweetness, ye bear the sweetest of loads; how great your glory since you have been judged worthy to bear the King of heaven." He piously gave up his soul to God at Alcala de Henares in 1463. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">November 12th, St. Martin I, Pope and Martyr</font> <br><br> <img src="Saint%20of%20the%20Day%2011.12.08.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""> <br><br> <a href="Immaculate%20Heart%20of%20Mary.html#OLS">Our Lady's Saturday</a> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</a> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#First Saturday">Five First Saturdays</a> <a href="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary; Fatima and the Rosary</a> <a href="Remodel\_your\_home.html">Remodel Your Home After Mary's Heart</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Manning\_Revolt\_Society.html')">The Revolt of Society from God</a> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Persecution of the Church.html')">Why the World Continually Persecutes the Church</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Abjuration of Heresy and Profession of Faith.html')">Abjuration of Heresy and Profession of Faith of the Council of Trent, Pius IV., 1565</a> <a href="What Every Christian Must Do Main.html">What Cannot and What Can Be Reformed in the Church. What Every Christian Must Believe and Do to be Saved.</a> <a href="#Poor Souls">November Devotions to the <br>Poor Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Visit the Grave\_Zollner.html">Why Catholics are obligated to visit their loved ones at the cemetery</a> <a href="The Cry of the Souls\_Zollner.html">The Cry of the Souls in <br>Purgatory to us</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Little Office Advent Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, for the Season of Advent</a> <br><br> <i>Related links for the Sacrament of Penance</i> <br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="">Select from the Following:</option> <option value="Examine%20Index.html">Examination of Conscience</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On the Vice of Impurity.html#Idolatry')">The Idolatry of the Creature Due to Impurity</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Unchaste Thoughts and Desires.html')">Moral Teaching on Unchaste Thoughts and Desires and Prayers to Overcome Temptations</option> <option value="Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Sacrament of Penance</option> <option value="Confession Q and A.html">The Sacrament of Penance, All of Your Questions Answered</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon\_Confession.html')">On the Benefits of a Good Confession</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Turning from Sin.html')">Two Short Sermons: <br>On Turning from Sin to God <br> The Sentiments of a Penitent Sinner</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Relapse into Sin popup.html')">Causes of Relapse into Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Preparation\_Repentance\_Confession.html')"> On the Preparation Necessary to <br>Make a Good Confession<br><br> On Motives for Repentance and Contrition <br>Necessary for a Good Confession</option> <option value="Self-Examination.html">The Necessity of Self-Examination</option> <option value="Examine 9.html">The Seven Deadly Sins, Nine Ways to Being an Accessory to Another's Sin, Sins Against the Holy Spirit</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Exposition on the Sixth Commandment.html')">The Sixth Commandment: Explained by St. Thomas Aquinas</option> <option value="Ritual%20of%20the%20Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Rite of Confession </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Thirteenth Sunday After Pentecost.html#General Confession')">General Confession</option> <option value="The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin Liguori.html">The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin<br>by St. Alphonsus Liguori</option> <option value="Contrition.html">Contrition</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment.html')">Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment</option> <option value="False Peace Sinful Conscience.html">The False Peace of a Sinful Conscience, by Fr. Hunolt, 1691-1746</option> <option value="Render Our Account.html">Render an Account of Your Life: A Must Read for Every Soul </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Sinner seeks God.html')">The Sinner will Seek God at Death</option> <option value="St. Alphonsu the number of sins.html">On the Number of Sins, by St. Aphonsus Di Liguori</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="Penitent%27s%20Prayer.html">Penitent's Consolation</option> <option value="Sin.html">The Nature of Sin</option> <option value="Folly of Sin.html">The Folly of Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Venial Sins.html')">On Not Making Light of Venial Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Multitude\_of\_Sins.html')">On the Multitude of Our Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon\_Mortal Sin.html')"><br>On the Horror of Mortal Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Spiritual Murder.html')">On Spiritual Murder</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Thursday\_First\_Week\_Lent.html')">Examination of Our Duties <br>and State of Life</option> <option value="Conscience.html">Conscience</option> <option value="Ten%20Commandments%20Index.html">Index of the Ten Commandments</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners.html')">The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners</option> <option value="The Sinners Guide.html">The Sinner's Guide <br>by Ven. Louis of Granada, O.P.</option> <option value="Childrens Confession.html">Catholic Instruction for Children for the Sacrament of Penance, 1897</option> </option></select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">St. Martin I, Pope and Martyr</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> Eternal Shepherd, watch over the peace of thy flock, and through blessed Martin, Thy Martyr and Sovereign Pontiff, whom Thou didst appoint shepherd over the whole Church, keep her under Thy constant protection. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br><br> <i> Ant. This Saint hath striven for the law of his God even unto death, and hath not feared for the words of the ungodly; for he had been founded upon a firm rock. <br><br> V. Thou hast crowned him with glory and honor, O Lord. <br><br> R. And hast set him over the works of Thy hands. <br><br> (Roman Breviary) </i> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">M</font>artin was born at Todi in Umbria. At the beginning of his pontificate he sent letters and emissaries to Paul, patriarch of Constantinople in an endeavor to recall that bishop from his deplorable apostasy from the true Catholic faith. But Paul, supported by the heretical emperor Constans, had become so steeped in that madness that he banished the legates of the Apostolic See to various places in the islands. The Pontiff, indignant at this outrage, summoned a council at Rome. One hundred and five bishops attended this assembly which condemned Paul.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">C</font>onstans, therefore, sent the exarch Olympius into Italy to plan either to assassinate Pope Martin or to bring him prisoner to the emperor. When Olympius reached Rome he ordered a lictor to slay the Pope while he was celebrating Mass in the basilica of Saint Mary at the Manger. As the lictor arrived at the church he was suddenly stricken blind.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">F</font>rom that time on Constans suffered many calamities but they did not make him better. He sent Theodore Calliopas to the City to lay hands upon the Pope. Theodore arrested Martin through treachery and took him to Constantinople. Constans exiled him to the Chersonesus, where on September 16th, worn out by his sufferings for the Catholic faith, Martin died. Even then he was renowned for miracles. Later his body was taken to Rome and buried in the church dedicated to Saint Sylvester and Saint Martin. He had ruled the Church six years, one month and twenty-six days. During that time he had held two ordinations in the month of December, ordained eleven priests, five deacons, and consecrated thirty-three bishops for various sees. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">November 11th, St. Martin of Tours, Bishop and Confessor</font> <br><br><br> <img src="Saint%20of%20the%20Day%2011.11.08.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""> <br><br> <a href="Sacred Heart Enthronement.html">The Enthronement of the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <a href="Devotions to the Sacred Heart.html#Reparation">Act of Reparation to the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <a href="Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus.html">Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <br><br> <a href="St. Martin of Tours.html">    St. Martin of Tours</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Feast Day Martin of Tours.html')">Instructions for the Feast of St. Martin of Tours</a> <a href="Corporal Works of Mercy.html">The Corporal Works of Mercy</a> <br><br> <i>Related Links to Fr. Weninger's Practical Considerations from the Life of St. Martin of Tours</i> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challonder\_death\_bed.html')">On Death-Bed Performances</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Devils who Tempt.html')">Temptations and the Devils Who Tempt</a> <br><br> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Visit the Grave\_Zollner.html">Why Catholics are obligated to visit their loved ones at the cemetery</a> <a href="The Cry of the Souls\_Zollner.html">The Cry of the Souls in <br>Purgatory to us</a> <a href="#Poor Souls">November Devotions to the <br>Poor Souls in Purgatory</a> <br><br> <a name="Veterans\_Day" style="border-style: none"></a> <a href="Armed Service.html">A Memorial to those who have served in the Military</a> <a href="Prayers for Peace.html">Prayers for Peace</a> <a href="Prayers for America\_2016.html">Prayers for America and Guidelines for Making a Moral Decision</a> <a href="Litany on Behalf of Country.html">Litany on Behalf of Country, <br>Leo XIII, "Columbus is Ours"</a> <br><br> <i>Patron Saints of Soldiers and the Military</i> <br><br> <a href="Exorcism.html">St. Michael/ Exorcism</a> <a href="St.%20Michael%20Feast%20Day.html">Devotions to St. Michael</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Resisting the Enemies of Our Salvation.html')">Part 12:  Resisting the Enemies of Our Salvation</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. George Holy Helper.html')">St. George</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Ignatius.html')">St. Ignatius of Loyola, Confessor</a> <a href="St.%20Francis.html">St. Francis of Assisi, Confessor</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. James the Greater.html')">St. James the Greater, Apostle</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Sts. Fabian and Sabastian.html')">St. Sebastian, Martyr</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Eustace.html')">St. Eustace and Companions, Martyrs</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Martin of Tours.html')">St. Martin, Bishop and Confessor</a><br><br> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Little Office Advent Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, for the Season of Advent</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">St. Martin of Tours, Bishop and Confessor</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> God, Who knowest that we stand not by any strength of our own: mercifully grant, that by the intercession of blessed Martin Thy Confessor and Bishop, we may be shielded from all harm. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> V. The Lord loved him, and adorned him. <br><br> R. He clothed him with a robe of glory. <br><br> Ant. O blessed man, whose soul now possesses paradise! Wherefore the Angels exult, the Archangels rejoice, the choir of the Saints proclaims, the throng of Virgins ask: Abide with us for ever. <br><br> (Roman Breviary) </i> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">S</font>aint Martin, born in Pannonia (Hungary), followed his father, a military tribune in the service of Rome, to Italy. Although he was raised in paganism, he felt nothing but contempt for its cult, and as though he were Christian by nature, he took pleasure only in the assemblies of the faithful, which he attended despite his family's opposition. When he was fifteen years old, he was forcibly enrolled in the Roman armies and went to serve in Gaul, the land he was predestined to evangelize one day. What would become of this young boy, when exposed to the libertinage of the camps? Would his faith not be obliterated? No, for God was watching over His vessel of election.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font>he most famous episode of this period in his life is his meeting with a poor man almost naked in the dead of winter, and trembling with cold. Martin did not have a penny to give him, but he remembered the text of the Gospel: I was naked, and you clothed Me. My friend, he said, I have nothing but my weapons and my garments. And taking up his sword, he divided his cloak into two parts and gave one to the beggar. The following night he saw Jesus Christ in a dream, clothed with this half-cloak and saying to His Angels: It is Martin, still a catechumen, who covered Me. Soon afterwards he received Baptism.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">D</font>isinterested charity, purity, and bravery distinguished the life of the young soldier. He obtained his discharge at the age of about twenty. Martin succeeded in converting his mother, but was driven from his home by the Arians. He took refuge with Saint Hilary, Bishop of Poitiers. After having given striking proofs of his attachment to the faith of Nicea, he founded near Poitiers the celebrated monastery of LigugÃÆÃâÃâ Ã¢â¬â¢ÃÆÃ¢â¬ ÃÂ¢Ã¢âÂ¬Ã¢âÂ¢ÃÆÃâÃÂ¢Ã¢âÂ¬ ÃÆÃÂ¢ÃÂ¢Ã¢â¬Å¡ÃÂ¬ÃÂ¢Ã¢â¬Å¾ÃÂ¢ÃÆÃâÃâ Ã¢â¬â¢ÃÆÃÂ¢ÃÂ¢Ã¢â¬Å¡ÃÂ¬Ãâ¦ÃÂ¡ÃÆÃâÃÂ¢Ã¢âÂ¬ÃÂ¡ÃÆÃ¢â¬Å¡ÃâÃÂ©, the first in Gaul. The brilliance of his sanctity and his miracles raised him in 372 to the episcopal throne of Tours, despite his lively resistance. His life thereafter was but a continual succession of prodigies and apostolic labors. His flock, though Christian in name, was still pagan at heart. Unarmed and attended only by his monks, Martin destroyed the heathen temples and groves, and completed by his preaching and miracles the conversion of the people. His power over demons was extraordinary. Idolatry never recovered from the blows given it by Saint Martin.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">A</font>fter having visited and renewed his diocese, the servant of God felt pressed to extend his journeyings and labors beyond its confines. Clothed in a poor tunic and a rude cloak, and seated on an ass, accompanied only by a few religious, he left like a poor missionary to evangelize the countryside. He passed through virtually all the provinces of Gaul, and neither mountains, nor rivers, nor dangers of any description stopped him. Everywhere his undertakings were victorious, and he more than earned his title of the Light and the Apostle of Gaul. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">November 10th, St. Andrew Avellino, Confessor </font> <br><br><br> <img src="11.10.09.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Andrew Avellino.html')">St. Andrew Avellino</a> <a href="Index for the Dying.html">Index of Prayers and <br>Devotions for the Dying</a> <a href="The Art of Dying Well.html">The Art of Dying Well <br>by St. Robert Bellarmine</a> <a href="Render Our Account.html">Rendering Our Accounts to God</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challonder\_death\_bed.html')">On Death-Bed Performances</a> <a href="Hour of Death\_New.html"> Reflections on: the Terrors of Death; the Assaults of Satan at the Hour of Death; the Apparition of the Spirits of Darkness; the Fear of Hell; the Judment</a> <a href="Index for the Sick.html">Index of Prayers and <br>Devotions for the Sick</a> <a href="Contrition\_Perfect\_Contrition.html">Contrition: Explanation of Perfect Contrition and the Necessity of Contrition for Forgiveness of Sins</a> <a href="Death.html">Death</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('time.html')">Time is No More</a> <a href="The Penitent Christian.html">The Penitent Christian</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Live in Sin.html')">They that Live in Sin</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Sinner seeks God.html')">The Sinner Seeks God</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Sinner at Death.html')">The Sinner at Death, the Demons Appear</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Death-Bed Conversion.html')">Death-Bed Repentance</a> <a href="Extreme Unction.html">The Sacrament of <br>Extreme Unction</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Mercy and Justice.html')">The Mercy and Justice of God</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html')">Novena for the Poor Souls</a> <a href="The Cry of the Souls\_Zollner.html">The Cry of the Souls in <br>Purgatory to us</a> <a href="What we must do to gain heaven.html">What must we do in order to be admitted with the Saints into Heaven?</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Visit the Grave\_Zollner.html">Why Catholics are obligated to visit their loved ones at the cemetery</a> <a href="November Month Sanctified.html">Twelve Months Sanctified by Prayer, November--Dedicated to the Souls in Purgatory</a> <br><br> <a href="Joyful.html">Joyful Mysteries</a> <a href="Sorrowful.html">Sorrowful Mysteries</a> <a href="Glorious.html">Glorious Mysteries</a> <a href="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the <br>Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">November 10th, St. Andrew Avellino, Confessor</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> God, Thou didst marvelously lift up to Thyself the heart of blessed Andrew Thy Confessor, by means of his steadfast vow to advance in virtue daily: grant, we beseech Thee, that through his merits and intercession we may share in the like grace, so that, by ever following the more perfect way, we may happily be brought to Thy glory on high. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">A</font>fter a holy youth devoted to serious studies of philosophy and the humanities in Venice, Lancelot Avellino was ordained priest by the bishop of Naples. He was assigned to the chaplaincy of a community of nuns, sadly in need of reform; his intrepid courage and perseverance finally overcame many difficulties, and regular observance was restored in the monastery. Certain irritated libertines, however, decided to do away with him and, waiting for him when he was about to leave a church, felled him with three sword thrusts. He lost much blood, but his wounds healed perfectly without leaving any trace. The viceroy of Naples was ready to employ all his authority to punish the authors of this sacrilege; the holy priest, not desiring the death of sinners but rather their conversion and their salvation, declined to pursue them. One of them, however, died soon afterwards, assassinated by a man who wished to avenge a dishonor to his house.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">H</font>e was still practicing law, which he had studied in Naples; one day a slight untruth escaped him in the defense of a client, and he conceived such regret for his fault that he vowed to practice law no longer. In 1556, at the age of thirty-six, he entered the Theatine Order, taking the name of Andrew out of love for the cross. After a pilgrimage to Rome to the tombs of the Apostles, he returned to Naples and was named master of novices in his Community, a duty he fulfilled for ten years. He was also chosen to be Superior of the house there, and then was sent out to found two houses elsewhere, at Milan and Piacenza. At the latter city he again met the opposition of libertines; but the Duke of Parma, to whom letters accusing him were directed, was completely charmed when he met him, and regarded him thereafter as a Saint.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">H</font>e then became Superior of the Milan foundation, where his friendship with Saint Charles Borromeo took root; the two Saints conversed together often. And Saint Andrew, with his admirable simplicity, confided to the Archbishop that he had seen Our Lord, and that since that time the impression of His divine beauty, remaining with him constantly, had rendered insipid all other so-called beauties of the earth. Petitions were presented to Pope Gregory XIV to make him a bishop, but he declined that honor with firmness, having always desired to remain obedient rather than to command. When his term as superior ended, he was successful in avoiding the government of another Theatine residence for only three years, then became superior at Saint Paul of Naples.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font>nce when Saint Andrew was taking the Viaticum to a dying person and a storm extinguished the lamps, a heavenly light surrounded him, guided his steps, and sheltered him from the rain. But he was far from exempt from sufferings. His horse threw him one day on a rough road, and since his feet were caught in the stirrups, dragged him for a long time along this road. He invoked Saint Dominic and Saint Thomas Aquinas, who came to him, wiped his face covered with blood, cured his wounds, and even helped him back onto the horse. He attributed such episodes to his unworthiness, believing he was among the reprobate, but Saint Thomas once again came to him, accompanied by Saint Augustine, and restored his confidence in the love and mercy of God.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font>n the last day of his life, November 10, 1608, Saint Andrew rose to say Mass. He was eighty-eight years old, and so weak he could scarcely reach the altar. He began the Judica me, Deus, the opening prayer, but fell forward, the victim of apoplexy. Laid on a straw mattress, his whole frame was convulsed in agony, while the ancient fiend, in visible form, advanced as though to seize his soul. Then, while the onlookers prayed and wept, he invoked Our Lady, and his Guardian Angel seized the monster and dragged it out of the room. A calm and holy smile settled on the features of the dying Saint and, as he gazed with a grateful countenance on the image of Mary, his holy soul winged its way to God. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">November 9th, Dedication of the Basilica of Saint Saviour and St. Theodore</font> <br><br> <a href="#Basilica">Dedication of the Lateran Basilica</a> <a href="The Cry of the Souls\_Zollner.html">The Cry of the Souls in Purgatory to us</a> <a href="What we must do to gain heaven.html">What must we do in order to be admitted with the Saints into Heaven?</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Visit the Grave\_Zollner.html">Why Catholics are obligated to visit their loved ones at the cemetery</a> <a href="November Month Sanctified.html">Twelve Months Sanctified by Prayer, November--Dedicated to the Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="#Meditations">Meditations on The Poor Souls in Purgatory for the Month of November</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="Joyful.html">Joyful Mysteries</a> <a href="Sorrowful.html">Sorrowful Mysteries</a> <a href="Glorious.html">Glorious Mysteries</a> <a href="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the <br>Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <br><br> <img src="St. Theodore Weninger\_Miniature.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> God, Who dost encompass and shield us by the glorious confession of blessed Theodore Thy Martyr: grant that we may profit by his example, and be strengthened by his intercession. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">Saint Theodore Tyro</font><br> <i>Martyr in Asia Minor, 304</i><br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Theodore and St. Hugh.html')">St. Theodore, Soldier and Martyr</a><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">S</font>aint Theodore Tyro, one of the most celebrated of the oriental martyrs, was born of a noble family in the East, and enrolled while still a youth in the imperial army. Early in 306, when he had just joined the legion and marched with its soldiers into the Pont, the Roman Emperor issued an edict requiring all Christians to offer sacrifice. The young man was faced with the choice between apostasy and death. He declared before his commander that he was ready to be cut in pieces and offer up every limb to his Creator, Who had died for him. Wishing to conquer him by gentleness, the commander left him in peace for a while, that he might think over his resolution.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">H</font>e profited from his liberty to fortify other confessors for martyrdom, and in his ardor for the downfall of idolatry he set fire to a temple dedicated to the goddess Cybel, called "the mother of the gods." He did not attempt to conceal his act, but when arrested admitted at once that he was the author of it, and that he had undertaken it to prevent the sacrileges committed every day in that place of abomination. The judge could not persuade him to renounce this "crime" and adore the empireÃÆÃâÃâ Ã¢â¬â¢ÃÆÃ¢â¬ ÃÂ¢Ã¢âÂ¬Ã¢âÂ¢ÃÆÃâÃÂ¢Ã¢âÂ¬ÃÂ¡ÃÆÃ¢â¬Å¡ÃâÃÂ¢ÃÆÃâÃâ Ã¢â¬â¢ÃÆÃ¢â¬Å¡ÃâÃÂ¢ÃÆÃâÃâÃÂ¢ÃÆÃÂ¢ÃÂ¢Ã¢âÂ¬ÃÂ¡ÃâÃÂ¬ÃÆÃ¢â¬Â¦ÃâÃÂ¡ÃÆÃâÃÂ¢Ã¢âÂ¬ÃÂ¡ÃÆÃ¢â¬Å¡ÃâÃÂ¬ÃÆÃâÃâ Ã¢â¬â¢ÃÆÃ¢â¬Å¡ÃâÃÂ¢ÃÆÃâÃâÃÂ¢ÃÆÃÂ¢ÃÂ¢Ã¢âÂ¬ÃÂ¡ÃâÃÂ¬ÃÆÃ¢â¬Â¦ÃâÃÂ¾ÃÆÃâÃÂ¢Ã¢âÂ¬ÃÂ¡ÃÆÃ¢â¬Å¡ÃâÃÂ¢s divinities; he therefore had him cruelly whipped and then shut up in a solitary cell with the order to give him nothing to eat and let him die of hunger.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font>ur Lord visited him during the night and consoled him, and He told his servant He Himself would nourish him invisibly. This visit filled him with such joy that he began to sing; and at the same moment, Angels in white robes appeared in his prison, to sing hymns of joy with him. The jailers and guardians all witnessed this spectacle, as did also the judge Publius who had condemned him, but none of them were touched by it. They gave him an ounce of bread and a flask of water every day, only to prolong his martyrdom. The Saint refused these offerings.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">W</font>hen the authorities made him fine promises and attempted to persuade him to conform, he protested that never would he say one word or make one gesture contrary to the fidelity he owed to his sovereign Lord. He was again beaten and tortured with iron hooks, then burnt with torches, and condemned finally to be burnt alive, to punish him for the fire he had ignited. He made the sign of the Cross, and filled with faith, hope and pure love of God, gave up to Him his beautiful soul, victorious and laden with merits. The year was 304. The Christians saw his soul rise to heaven like a flash of light and fire. <br><br><br><hr><br><br><br> <A NAME="Basilica"style="border-style: none"/></a> <img src="Saint%20of%20the%20Day%2011.09.08.jpg" style="border-style: none;" ;=""><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">Dedication of the Lateran Basilica</font><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font>he residence of the Popes which was named the Lateran Palace was built by Lateranus Palutius, whom Nero put to death to seize his goods. It was given in the year 313 by Constantine the Great to Saint Miltiades, Pope, and was inhabited by his successors until 1308, when they moved to Avignon. The Lateran Basilica built by Constantine near the palace of the same name, is the first Basilica of the West. Twelve councils, four of which were ecumenical, have assembled there, the first in 649, the last in 1512.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font>f for several centuries the Popes have no longer dwelt in the Palace, the primacy of the Basilica is not thereby altered; it remains the head of all churches. Saint Peter Damian wrote that "just as the Saviour is the Head of the elect, the church which bears His name is the head of all the churches. Those of Saints Peter and Paul, to its left and its right, are the two arms by which this sovereign and universal Church embraces the entire earth, saving all who desire salvation, warming them, protecting them in its maternal womb."<br><br> <i>The Divine Office narrates the dedication of the Church by the Pope of Peace, Saint Sylvester:</i><br><br> "<font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font>t was the Blessed Pope Sylvester who established the rites observed by the Roman Church for the consecration of churches and altars. From the time of the Apostles there had been certain places dedicated to God, which some called oratories, and others, churches. There, on the first day of the week, the assembly was held, and there the Christian people were accustomed to pray, to hear the Word of God, and to receive the Eucharist. But never had these places been consecrated so solemnly; nor had a fixed altar been placed there which, anointed with sacred chrism, was the symbol of Our Lord Jesus Christ, Who for us is altar, victim and Pontiff. But when the Emperor Constantine through the sacrament of Baptism had obtained health of body and salvation of soul, a law was issued by him which for the first time permitted that everywhere in the world Christians might build churches.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">N</font>ot satisfied to establish this edict, the prince wanted to give an example and inaugurate the holy labors. Thus in his own Lateran palace, he dedicated a church to the Saviour, and founded the attached baptistry under the name of Saint John the Baptist, in the place where he himself, baptized by Saint Sylvester, had been cured of leprosy. It is this church which the Pontiff consecrated in the fifth of the ides of November; and we celebrate the commemoration on that day, when for the first time in Rome a church was thus publicly consecrated, and where a painting of the Saviour was visible on the wall before the eyes of the Roman people."<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">W</font>hen the Lateran Church was partially ruined by fires, enemy invasions, and earthquakes, it was always rebuilt with great zeal by the Sovereign Pontiffs. In 1726, after one such restoration, Pope Benedict XIII consecrated it anew and assigned the commemoration of that event to the present day. The church was afterwards enlarged and beautified by Popes Pius IX and Leo XIII. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">November 8th, Octave of All Saints. </font> <br><br> <img src="Saint of the Day 11.08.08.jpg" style="border-style: none" ;=""><br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Octave of All Saints Weninger.html')">Octave of All Saints</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Weninger\_Q\_A\_Veneration\_Saints.html')">On the Veneration of the Saints and their Relics</a> <a href="What we must do to gain heaven.html">What must we do in order to be admitted with the Saints into Heaven?</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Means of Becoming Saints.html#Perfection')">On the Perfection of Our <br>Ordinary Actions</a> <a href="New Index of the Saints 2.html">Find your patron saint: their life history, prayers and devotions.</a> <a href="#All\_Saints">Link to All Saints Day: Prayers Devotions and Readings</a> <br><br> <a href="Prayers for America\_2016.html#decision">How to Make a Moral Decision</a> <a href="Prayers for America\_2016.html">Prayers for the Conversion of America</a> <a href="Prayers for America\_2016.html#killingconscience">The Seven Steps to Killing a Conscience</a> <a href="Prayers for America\_2016.html#Abortion">The Crime of Abortion</a> <a href="Prayers for America\_2016.html#Patroness">Prayer in Honor of the Immaculate Conception, Partoness of America</a> <a href="Prayers for Peace.html">Prayers for Peace</a> <a href="Prayers for America\_2016.html#WAR">The Evil Scourge of War</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="November Month Sanctified.html">Twelve Months Sanctified by Prayer, November--Dedicated to the Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="#Meditations">Meditations on The Poor Souls in Purgatory for the Month of November</a> <a href="Visit the Grave\_Zollner.html">Why Catholics are obligated to visit their loved ones at the cemetery</a> <br><br> <a href="Joyful.html">Joyful Mysteries</a> <a href="Sorrowful.html">Sorrowful Mysteries</a> <a href="Glorious.html">Glorious Mysteries</a> <a href="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the <br>Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">Sermon of St. John Chrysostom</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">T</font>he Apostles, disciples of Christ, are held to be teachers of the faithful; the valiant Confessors give battle, the heroic martyrs triumph, and Christian hosts, armed by God, always prevail over the devil. All these have been men, alike in valor, unlike in their strife, glorious in their victory. Hence, O Christian, you are but a faint-hearted soldier if you think you can conquer without a battle, triumph without a struggle. Use your strength, fight manfully, wage a fierce battle. Remember your covenant, consider your situation, study your battlefield. You have pledged yourself to a contract, you have taken up a responsibility, you have enlisted in an army.<br><br> <br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">Four Holy Crowned Martyrs</font><br><br><br> <img src="Four Crowned Martyrs\_2018.jpg"> <br><br> <i>These four brothers, Severus, Severian, Carpophorus, and Victorinus are so called because they suffered martyrdom together for the Faith in 304.</i> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">G</font>rant, we beseech thee, Almighty God: that we, who acknowledge the boldness of the glorious Martyrs in their confession, may enjoy their loving intercession with Thee. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">November 7th, Within the Octave of All Saints</font> <br><br> <a href="What we must do to gain heaven.html">What must we do in order to be admitted with the Saints into Heaven?</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Means of Becoming Saints.html')">How to become a Saint</a> <a href="Eighth.html">The 8th Commandment</a> <br><br> <a href="Prayers for America\_2016.html#decision">How to Make a Moral Decision</a> <a href="Prayers for America\_2016.html">Prayers for the Conversion of America</a> <a href="Prayers for America\_2016.html#killingconscience">The Seven Steps to Killing a Conscience</a> <a href="Prayers for America\_2016.html#Abortion">The Crime of Abortion</a> <a href="Prayers for America\_2016.html#Patroness">Prayer in Honor of the Immaculate Conception, Partoness of America</a> <a href="Prayers for Peace.html">Prayers for Peace</a> <a href="Prayers for America\_2016.html#WAR">The Evil Scourge of War</a> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Matters of Faith Profession of Faith.html')">Are we bound to profess our Catholic Faith openly?</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Final Perseverance.html')">Final Perseverance by St. Bonaventure</a> <a href="New Index of the Saints 2.html">Find your patron saint: their life history, prayers and devotions.</a> <a href="#All\_Saints">Link to All Saints Day: Prayers Devotions and Readings</a> <a href="Catholic Worship.html">Catholic Worship, Explained</a> <a href="November Month Sanctified.html">Twelve Months Sanctified by Prayer, November--Dedicated to the Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Visit the Grave\_Zollner.html">Why Catholics are obligated to visit their loved ones at the cemetery</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="Joyful.html">Joyful Mysteries</a> <a href="Sorrowful.html">Sorrowful Mysteries</a> <a href="Glorious.html">Glorious Mysteries</a> <a href="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the <br>Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">A</font>lmighty and everlasting God, by Thy mercy we pay honor to the merits of all Thy saints on this single feast day; and since so many are pleading for us, grant us, we beseech Thee, the fullness of Thy mercy, for which we long. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen. <br><br> <i> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <A NAME="Refresh\_23rd\_Sunday"style="border-style: none"/></a> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">November 5th,<br> 23rd Sunday After Pentecost</font><br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Twenty-Third Sunday After Pentecost.html')">23rd Sunday After Pentecost</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Twentythird Sunday After Pentecost\_Gospel.html')">Twenty-third Sunday After Pentecost: Epistle and Gospel</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon 23rd Sunday After Pentecost.html')">Children's Sermon for the 23rd Sunday After Pentecost</a> <a href="What we must do to gain heaven.html">What must we do in order to be admitted with the Saints into Heaven?</a> <a href="Death.html">Death: Salvation and Your Choice</a> <a href="The Little Number of Those Who Are Saved.html">The fewness of those saved. Will you be one of them?</a> <a href="Hound of Heaven.html">The Hound of Heaven <br>by Francis Thompson--<br>A Scriptural Interpretation <br>of the Poem</a> <br><br> <a href="Goffine\_Mass\_Parts.html">A Devout Guide to follow the Tridentine Latin Mass of Pope St. Pius V. Recommended for Those Who Cannot Attend Mass in Person. 23rd Sunday After Pentecost.</a> <a href="The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass.html">The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, Fr. O' Keeffe, 1891</a> <a href="Quo Primum.html">Papal Bull: Quo Primum, the Tridentine Mass for all Times</a> <a href="Why the Latin Mass.html">Why the Mass is in Latin</a> <a href="Catholic Worship.html">Catholic Worship, Explained</a> <a href="Mass at Home.html">Manner of Hearing Mass At Home: For those who on account of sickness, old age, or for other proper reasons cannot assist at holy Mass, especially on Sundays and Holidays</a> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">November 5th, Commemoration of <br> the Holy Relics within the Octave of All Saints.</font> <br><br> <img src="11.05.09.jpg"> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Imitations of the Saints\_2020.html')">Two Short Sermons on the Imitation of the Saints and Heaven</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Feast of the Holy Relics.html')"> Feast of the Holy Relics</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Weninger\_Q\_A\_Veneration\_Saints.html')">On the Veneration of the Saints and their Relics</a> <a href="Honor and Invocation of the Saints Muller.html">Honor and Invocation of the Saints</a> <a href="Veneration of the Saints.html">Veneration of the Saints</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Finding of St. Stephen.html')">Finding of the Relics of St. Stephen</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Instructions\_Finding\_of\_Holy\_Cross.html')">Instructions on the Festival of the Finding of the Holy Cross</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Means of Becoming Saints.html')">How to become a Saint</a> <br><br> <i>During the Octave of All Saints, the following links are Beneficial for Instruction and Devotion.</i> <br><br> <a href="All Saints Prayers.html">Feast of All Saints: <br>Prayers and Devotions</a> <a href="Feast of All Saints New Weninger Part 1.html">Feast of All Saints: Part 1</a> <a href="Feast of All Saints New Weninger Part 2.html">Feast of All Saints: Part 2</a> <a href="Feast of All Saints New Weninger Part 3.html">Feast of All Saints: Part 3</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('All Saints\_Gospel.html')">Instructions for the <br>Feast of All Saints<br></a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon All Saints.html')">Children's Sermon on <br>the Feast of All Saints<br></a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</a> <a href="Invocation of the saints.html">The Church Triumphant</a> <a href="Litany of the Saints.html">Litany of the Saints</a> <a href="Communion of Saints.html">Communion of Saints</a> <a href="Heaven.html">Heaven</a> <a href="New Index of the Saints 2.html">Complete Index of the Lives of the Saints and their feast days</a> <br><br> <a href="http://catholicharboroffaithandmorals.com/Videos3.html">Video: Te Deum</a> <a href="November Month Sanctified.html">Twelve Months Sanctified by Prayer, November--Dedicated to the Souls in Purgatory</a> <br><br> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Visit the Grave\_Zollner.html">Why Catholics are obligated to visit their loved ones at the cemetery</a> <a href="Catholic Funeral.html">Catholic Burial of the Dead</a> <br><br> <a href="The Providence of God and Why He Permits Evil.html">The Providence of God and why He permits evil</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">Commemoration of the Holy Relics</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">L</font>ord, who workest miracles by the relics of Thy saints, increase our faith in the resurrection, and give us fellowship with them in that undying glory of which their reverend ashes are a pledge: through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">I</font>t is one of the nobler traits of man's nature, that he treats with love and respect the earthly remains of departed friends. Decently and solemnly he buries the dead body, he demands inviolability for the place of burial, and over the last resting place he erects a monument to perpetuate the memory of the dear departed. And this feeling of piety extends even to the articles of dress, and to the books and playthings, once used by the dead. How often do we not hear people say: "I should not mind the loss so much, if the ring or brooch had not been a keepsake from my mother." Who of us does not treasure up some article, possibly insignificant in itself, yet redolent with sweet memories of some dear one now in heaven.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>his pious feeling is the natural basis of what Catholics practice in the veneration of relics. For relics, in the sense of the Church, are the earthly remains of the bodies of saints, and in a wider sense, also the articles of wear and the instruments of martyrdom, and whatever has come in immediate contact with the bodies of saints, alive or dead.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>he Church holds that the relics of saints are worthy of Christian veneration, because they are the parts of the bodies that shall one day be irradiated with the light of glory, in the heavenly home, shining as stars, throughout the ages of eternity.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">A</font>lmighty God has on innumerable occasions shown by miracles and wonders that this veneration of relics, is most pleasing to Him. The Holy Scriptures, both of the Old and New Testaments, contain not a few signal instances of miraculous effects produced by the use of sacred relics. The Book of Ecclesiasticus says of the prophet, Eliseus: "In his life he did great wonders, and in death he wrought miracles." (c. 48). One of this latter is recorded in Kings IV. c. 13: "And Eliseus died, and they buried him. And the rovers from Moab came into the land the same year. And some that were burying a man saw the rovers and cast the body into the sepulchre of Eliseus. And when it touched the bones of Eliseus the man came to life and stood upon his feet." Thus the relics of Eliseus were honored by God. In like manner the sick, and infirm and the possessed were healed by the hem of Christ's garment, by the shadow of St. Peter, by the handkerchief of St. Paul, as the Scripture tells us.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">G</font>uided by these and similar facts and testimonies the Church has always honored the relics of the saints. The Fifth Council of Carthage ordains that no altar shall be consecrated, unless it contains some sacred relics. Hence every altar, on which mass is celebrated, has an altarstone, which contains the necessary relics of the saints. Now, it is in honor of these very relics preserved in every Church, that the Feast of the Holy Relics has been instituted.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">I</font>n honoring these relics, however, our thoughts are chiefly inclined to the living saints of God themselves, those heroes of faith and constancy, who once, in these fragile bodies carried the Spirit of Holiness and Truth. The pious touch and kiss of these earthly remains of sainted ones, and the fervent prayer, and child-like confidence in their presence, bring those saints in spirit to our side, and our thoughts and aspirations to their home above. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">November 4th, St. Charles Borromeo, Bishop and Confessor. First Friday</font><br><br> <img src="Saint of the Day 11.04.08.jpg"> <br><br> <a href="Sacred Heart Enthronement.html">The Enthronement of the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <a href="http://catholicharboroffaithandmorals.com/Devotions%20to%20the%20Sacred%20Heart.html#Sacred%20Heart">First Friday Devotions</a> <a href="Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus.html">Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Imitations of the Saints\_2020.html')">Two Short Sermons on the Imitation of the Saints and Heaven</a> <a href="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html">St. Charles Borromeo, Bishop and Confessor</a> <a href="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</a> <a href="St. Charles Borromeo Book.html">St. Charles Borromeo Book, A Sketch of the Reforming Cardinal</a> <i>Part II. in a series of sermons by St. Alphonsus Liguori regarding the betrayal of Jesus and the Catholic Faithful by Sinful Priests</i> <br><br> <a href="Incontinence of Priest.html"> <font style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);" size="1.5">                  Newly Added</font><br> Part II. The Incontinent Priest and Sacrilegious Mass</a> <a href="Grievousness and Chastisement Priest.html"> <font style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);" size="1.5">                  Newly Added</font><br> Part I. Grievousness and Chastisement of Sin in a Priest</a> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Bearing False Witness.html')">On Bearing False Witness Against Thy Neighbor and On Avoiding All Manner of Lies</a> <br><br> <a href="#AllSaints">Links for Prayers and Devotions during the Octave of All Saints</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">St. Charles Borromeo, Bishop and Confessor</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">O</font> Lord, keep Thy Church, we beseech Thee, under the continual protection of St. Charles, Thy Confessor and Bishop: that as his watchful care over his flock won him glory, so his intercession may always make us fervent in Thy love. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Charles Borromeo was born in 1538 in the castle of Arona on the borders of Lake Major, fourteen miles from Milan. He was the son of Count Gilbert Borromeo, a descendant of one of the most ancient families of Lombardy, very famous for its great men. The Count was known for his almsgiving and his rigorous fasts; it was his custom never to eat a meal without first giving alms. The Countess, Charles' mother, was also exceptionally virtuous. Their family was composed of two sons and four daughters, all of whom manifested in their lives the splendor of their Christian heritage. Their maternal uncle, John Angelus of Medici, became Pope Pius IV. Charles was clearly destined for the ecclesiastical vocation; all his preferences in study made it clear.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">W</font>hen he was twelve years old, a paternal uncle willed to him an abbey in commendam; and the child constantly reminded his father that this revenue was the patrimony of the poor. His father wept for joy, seeing his son's solicitude for the just application of his trust.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">C</font>ount Gilbert died when Charles was twenty years old, and he was obliged to come home from Pavia where he had been studying law; he returned there, however, to complete his doctorate at the university after settling his affairs. One year later, when his maternal uncle became Pope Pius IV, he created Charles cardinal, and after another year nominated him Archbishop of Milan. The Pontiff detained him in Rome, however, seeing his extensive capacities and adding to these offices other administrative duties which ordinarily require the prudence of mature years. No one was disappointed in his services, despite the fact he was maintaining delicate papal relations with other nations, as protector of Portugal and the Low Countries, and was at the head of the Knights of Malta, the Orders of Carmel and Saint Francis, among other duties.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">W</font>hen the Council of Trent (1545-1563) was nearing its conclusion, Saint Charles, who had participated with authority in many of its twenty-five sessions, desired to leave Rome to attend to his diocese of Milan, a duty which his vicar general had carried out until that time. The urgency of the situation there persuaded the Pope to consent regretfully to his departure. Saint Charles intended to put into execution the reforming decrees of the Council, create seminaries and schools and in general restore discipline in the Church of Milan.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">A</font>s Archbishop of Milan he enforced the observance of the decrees, and thoroughly restored the discipline of his see. Criticism hounded him there, but left him unmoved; he kept with him in his episcopal household of about one hundred persons, a certain priest who delighted in finding fault with whatever he did; he treated him with great consideration, and in his will left him a pension for life. He was very severe with himself, eating only once a day, and limiting himself often to bread and water. When someone suggested he should have a garden at Milan to get some fresh air, he replied that the Holy Scriptures should be the garden of a bishop.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>he sermons of Saint Charles produced great fruits among all ranks of the people. When young he had manifested a speech defect with a tendency to speak too fast, but he overcame these handicaps with many efforts. A man who admired him said that he always forgot the orator himself when he preached, so transported was he by the great truths he heard explained, and the longest sermons of Saint Charles seemed short to him. Everywhere the holy Archbishop established schools of Christian doctrine, numbering in all seven hundred and forty, in which over three thousand catechists were employed, presiding over forty thousand students.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">O</font>nce Saint Charles heard a cardinal who was a bishop of a small diocese say that his diocese was too small to require his constant residence there, as canon law required; Saint Charles said to him with force that the price of one soul is such as to merit the residence and entire time of the greatest of men. He himself visited the most remote corners of his diocese, traveling in mountainous regions amid the greatest dangers, which he regarded as nothing unusual, and unworthy of mention.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">I</font>nflexible in maintaining discipline, to his flock he was a most tender father. He would sit by the roadside to teach a poor man the Pater and Ave. During the great plague which broke out in Milan, which he had foretold as a chastisement for the disorders of the Carnival, he refused to leave, asking those who remonstrated with him if it were not more perfect to remain with one's flock than to abandon them in need, and adding that a bishop is obliged to choose what is most perfect. He was ever at the side of the sick and dying. He stripped his palace of literally everything to aid those who had lost their support in their fathers and spouses, even giving away his straw mattress. As he lived, so he died, having governed his church for twenty-four years and eight months. To the heroic sanctity of this faithful copy of the Good Shepherd, many miracles came to testify, through his relics and his intercession. In 1610 he was canonized by Pope Paul V. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">November 3rd, Within the Octave of All Saints</font><br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Means%20of%20Becoming%20Saints.html')">On the Means we all have to become Saints<br><br> On the Perfection of our Ordinary Actions<br><br>On the Obligation of Christians to be Saints</a> <a href="November Month Sanctified.html">Twelve Months Sanctified by Prayer, November--Dedicated to the Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Resisting the Enemies of Our Salvation.html')">Resisting the Enemies of Our Salvation</a> <a href="The Spiritual Combat.html">The Spiritual Combat <br>by Fr. Scupoli, 1865</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Five\_Minute\_Sermon\_Two\_Masters.html')">On Serving Two Masters</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_One\_Thing\_Narrow\_Gate.html')">Two Short Sermons: 1.) One Thing Necessary; 2.) Strive to Enter by the Narrow Gate</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Short Explanation of the Our Father.html')">Short Explanation of the Prayer: Our Father</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <br><br> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>The Most Holy Rosary</i><br> <br><br> <a href="Joyful.html">Joyful Mysteries</a> <a href="Sorrowful.html">Sorrowful Mysteries</a> <a href="Glorious.html">Glorious Mysteries</a> <a href="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the <br>Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">November 2nd, All Souls' Day</font> <br><br> <img src="11.02.09.jpg" style="border-style: none" ;=""><br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html')">Novena for the Poor Souls</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('All Souls\_Gospel.html')">Instructions for the Feast of All Souls</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon All Souls.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of All Souls</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('All Souls Day.html')">Prayers and Devotions for the Faithful Departed</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('All Souls Prayers and Devotions New.html')">Prayers and Devotions for Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_All\_Souls\_2018.html')">Short Sermon: On the Commemoration of All Souls</a> <a href="Church suffering.html">The Church Suffering</a> <a href="Indulgences.html">Indulgences/ All Souls</a> <a href="All Souls Day Part 1.html">All Souls Day: Part 1</a> <a href="All Souls Day Part 2.html">All Souls Day: Part 2</a> <a href="All Souls Day Part 3.html">All Souls Day: Part 3</a> <a href="All Souls Day Part 4.html">All Souls Day: Part 4</a> <a href="November Month Sanctified.html">Twelve Months Sanctified by Prayer, November--Dedicated to the Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Dies Irae.html">Dies Irae (Day of Wrath) <br>by Rev. Nicholaus Gihr</a> <a href="Spiritual Works of Mercy.html">The Spiritual Works of Mercy</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Pray for the Dead\_Muller\_2018.html')">Spiritual Work of Mercy: <br>On Praying for the Dead</a> <a href="The Cry of the Souls\_Zollner.html">The Cry of the Souls in Purgatory to us</a> <a href="Visit the Grave\_Zollner.html">Three Glances at the Cemetary</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Where is Purgatory.html')">Where is Purgatory</a> <a href="Catholic Funeral.html">Catholic Burial of the Dead</a> <a href="Index for the Dying.html">Index of Prayers and <br>Devotions for the Dying</a> <br><br> <i>Related Links: Devotions that can be Applied to the Holy Souls in Purgatory</i> <br><br> <a href="Passion Clock.html">Clock of the Passion</a> <a href="The Holy Hour.html">The Holy Hour</a> <a href="Psalter Intro.html">The Psalter of Jesus</a> <a href="Stations.html">Stations of the Cross</a> <a href="Shortened Stations.html">The Short Method of the <br>Stations of the Cross</a> <a href="Seven Penitential Psalms.html">Seven Penitential Psalms</a> <br><br> <i>The Most Holy Rosary</i><br> <br><br> <a href="Joyful.html">Joyful Mysteries</a> <a href="Sorrowful.html">Sorrowful Mysteries</a> <a href="Glorious.html">Glorious Mysteries</a> <a href="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the <br>Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <br><br> <i>Related Links: Saints devoted to the Souls in Purgatory and the Scapular</i> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('http://catholicharboroffaithandmorals.com/St.%20Nicholas%20of%20Tolentino.html')">St. Nicholas of Tolentino</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('http://catholicharboroffaithandmorals.com/St.%20Gertrude%20New%20Popup.html')">St. Gertrude</a> <a href="http://catholicharboroffaithandmorals.com/Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('http://catholicharboroffaithandmorals.com/Carmel%20popup.html')">History of Our Lady <br>of Mount Carmel</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">O</font> God, the Creator and Redeemer of all the faithful, grant to the souls of Thy servants departed the remission of all their sins, that through our devout prayers, they may obtain the pardon, which they have always desired. Who livest etc. <br><br> <i> V. From the gate of hell. <br><br> R. Deliver their souls, O Lord. <br><br> V. May they rest in peace. <br><br> R. Amen <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>he Church teaches us that the souls of the just who have left this world with traces of venial sin remain for a time in a place of expiation, where they suffer whatever punishment may be due to their offenses. Even if pardon has been obtained for our sins, satisfaction must be made to God, our Creator, in this world or in the next; for His sanctity has been, as it were, insulted by the self-will of one of His ignoble creatures. The more noble the person offended, the more serious the offense, even according to human laws. It is a dogma of our faith that the suffering souls are relieved by the intercession of the Saints in heaven and by the prayers of the faithful upon earth. To pray for the dead is therefore an act of charity and of piety, certainly obligatory for a Christian who professes to have charity in his heart. We read in Holy Scripture: It is a holy and wholesome thought to pray for the dead, that they may be loosed from their sins. (II Maccabees 12:46)<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">W</font>hen towards the close of the tenth century, Our Lord inspired Saint Odilon, Abbot of Cluny, to establish in his Benedictine Order a general commemoration of all the faithful departed, the practice was soon afterwards adopted by the entire Western Church and has been continued unceasingly to our day. Let us always bear in mind the departed who have died in the love of God, and offer up our prayers and sacrifices to help expiate for them. By showing this mercy to the suffering souls in purgatory, we gain for ourselves very devoted friends, who will in their turn pray for us. We shall then be entitled to be treated with mercy at our departure from this world, and to share more abundantly in the suffrages of the Church, continually offered for all who have fallen asleep in Christ.<br><br> <i> Reflection: When we offer satisfaction to God in this life for our offenses, there is merit attached to our penances. There is no longer any merit in purgatory; others must provide. Let us reflect well that if we do not ourselves repair our sins and faults, we place our burden on others; is that what we want? </i> <br><br><hr><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">The Punishments of Purgatory</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">E</font>very punishment that God sends in this life upon sin has a double object: to satisfy His justice, and to bring about the reformation of the offenders. God always has in view the salutary effects of the punishment on him who suffers it, and, for this purpose He gives a grace to enable him to use it aright. Through the Divine mercy, the very punishment of our sins may thus promote our happiness here and our glory in Heaven. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">I</font>t is not so with the punishment of Purgatory. It is purely a poena vindicative a penalty which has for its object the reparation, as far as may be, of the outrage offered to the majesty of God by sin. It is this which gives it its character of awful severity. The sinner has no opportunity of making good use of it to learn a lesson for the future. He has not the consolation of knowing he can turn it into a source of heavenly joy. It must simply be endured as long as God shall please, and at the end will have produced no fruit of additional glory in Heaven for ourselves. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>he punishment of Purgatory, moreover, does not, for the most part, follow close on the offences of which it is the penalty. God waits, and this always means a heavier and more terrible penalty. In the days of the Flood, He waited one hundred and twenty years: so God waits to see whether the sinner will expiate in this life the sins for which temporal punishment still remains. He gives him the graces necessary, and if these are neglected, God takes into His own hands the vindication of His majesty. What reason have I to fear God's terrible wrath for my sins? Ask for the privilege of atoning for your sins in this life. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">November 1st, All Saints Day</font><br><br> <img src="11.01.09.jpg" style="border-style: none" ;=""> <br><br> <A NAME="GoffineMass"style="border-style: none"/></a> <A NAME="GoffineMassParts"style="border-style: none"/></a> <a href="Goffine\_Mass\_Parts.html">A Devout Guide to follow the Tridentine Latin Mass of Pope St. Pius V. Recommended for Those Who Cannot Attend Mass in Person. Christ the King</a> <a href="The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass.html">The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, Fr. 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On How to Become a Saint</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</a> <a href="Invocation of the saints.html">The Church Triumphant</a> <a href="Veneration of the Saints.html">Veneration of the Saints</a> <a href="Litany of the Saints.html">Litany of the Saints</a> <a href="Honor and Invocation of the Saints Muller.html">Honor and Invocation of the Saints</a> <a href="Communion of Saints.html">Communion of Saints</a> <a href="Heaven.html">Heaven</a> <a href="New Index of the Saints 2.html">Complete Index of the Lives of the Saints and their feast days</a> <br><br> <a href="http://catholicharboroffaithandmorals.com/Videos3.html">Video: Te Deum</a> <br><br> <a href="November Month Sanctified.html">Twelve Months Sanctified by Prayer, November--Dedicated to the Souls in Purgatory</a> <br><br> <a href="In Defence of Mary\_Challoner.html">In Defence of Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary, her Perpetual Virginity, the Rosary and the Angelus Domini</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Index of Childrens Prayer.html">Children Prayers and Sermons</a> <a href="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the <br>Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('The Three Steps to Heaven.html')">The Three Steps to Heaven</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Five\_Minute\_Sermon\_Two\_Masters.html')">On Serving Two Masters</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">All Saints Day</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">A</font>lmighty and everlasting God, Who hast granted us to venerate in one solemn feast the merits of all Thy saints, we beseech Thee, that, since so many are praying for us, Thou wouldst pour forth upon us the desired abundance of Thy mercy. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen. <br><br> <i> <b><u>Antiphon:</b></u><br><br> I saw a great multitude, which no man could number, of all nations, standing before the throne. <br><br> And all the angels stood round about the throne, and they fell down before the throne upon their faces, and adored God. <br><br> O Lord God, Thou hast redeemed us in Thy blood, out of every trib e, and tongue, and people, and nation, and hast made us a kingdom to our God. <br><br> Bless ye the Lord, all His elect, keep days of joy, and give glory to Him. <br><br> A hymn to all His Saints, to the children of Israel, a people approaching to him: this glory is to all His Saints. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>he Church day by day gives special veneration to one or more of the holy men and women who have helped to establish it by their blood, develop it by their labors, or edify it by their virtues. But, in addition to those whom the Church honors by special designation or has inscribed in her calendar, how many martyrs are there whose names are not recorded! How many humble virgins and holy penitents! How many unknown anchorites and monks, Christian fathers and mothers, young children snatched away in their innocence! How many courageous Christians, whose merits are known only to God and His heavenly court!<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>hould we forget those who remember us in their intercession? Are not some among them our ancestors? members of our immediate family? our friends and fellow-Christians, with whom we have lived in daily companionship? In fact, all of Heaven is but one family--Our Lord's, as He Himself said: Who is My mother and who are My brethren? And stretching forth His hand towards His disciples, He said, Behold My mother and My brethren! For whoever does the Will of My Father in heaven, is My brother and sister and mother. Today we have the opportunity to thank God, if at other times we forget, for their aid and their love. And today we adore Him with them, for the grace which raised them to their present joy. The Church requires this homage of us, by making this day a holy day of obligation for all. Our place, too, is awaiting us in this home of eternal light, peace and love, if we persevere to the end in the fulfillment of God's holy Will.<br><br> <i> Reflection: Let us be solicitous to render ourselves worthy of that chaste generation, so beautiful amid the glory where it dwells. (Wisdom 4:1) </i> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 31st, Vigil of All Saints. Day of Fast and Partial Abstinence</font> <br><br> <img src="10.31.22.jpg" style="border-style: none" ;=""> <br><br> <a href="#vigil">Vigil of All Saints from the Liturgical Year</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="October Month Sanctified.html">Twelve Months Sanctified by Prayer, October--Dedicated to the Angels</a> <a href="October 31st.html">October Meditations Dedicated to the Holy Angels</a> <br><br> <i>During this month of October, <br>please visit the links dedicated <br>to the Rosary and Our Lady</i><br><br> <form> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <option value="Index.html">The Rosary & Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</option> <option value="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the Recitation of the Rosary</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Prayers of Our Ladyof the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</option> <option value="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</option> <option value="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</option> <option value="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</option> <option value="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</option> <option value="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</option> <option value="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Ave Maris Stella.html">Ave Maris Stella</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</option> <option value="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Ransom.html')">Our Lady of Ransom</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</option> <option value="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Annunciation Weninger.html')">Sermons of Fr. Weninger for the Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Annunciation.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of the Annunciation</option> <option value="Purification.html">The Purification of the Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('The Humility of Mary.html')">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <option value="Assumption.html">The Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Weninger Sermons.html')">Octave of the Assumption 3 Sermons by Fr.Weninger</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Assumption by St. Alphonsus.html')">The Dormition and Assumption of the B.V.M.</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Life of Mary Litany.html')"> Assumption: Additional Prayers and Devotions</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Vigil of the Assumption.html')">Vigil of the Assumption</option> <option value="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queenship of Mary popup.html')">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Octave Gueranger.html')">2nd - 4th Days within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Octave of the Immaculate Conception Weninger.html')"> Octave of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</option> <option value="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary The Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate\_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</option> <option value="Presentation of Mary.html">I. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Seven Dolors.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   I.</option> <option value="Sorrowful Mother.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   II.</option> <option value="Novena of the Seven Sorrows.html">Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Seven Dolours Sermon.html')">Our Lady of Sorrows</option> <option value="The Sweetness of the Name of Mary.html">The Sweetness of theName of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Novena in Honor of the Holy Name of Mary and Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Holy Name of Mary.html">The Holy Name of Mary</option> <option value="Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">The Nativity of the BlessedVirgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Novena.html')">Novena of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">The Feast of the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Novena.html')">Novena for the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Snows.html')">Our Lady of the Snows </option> <option value="Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Novena Our Lady of Mount Carmel.html">Novena to Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Feast of the Scapular.html">The Feast of the Scapular</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy House of Loretto</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Carmel popup.html')">History of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Queenship of Mary.html">The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary </option> <option value="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</option> <option value="Lourdes Novena.html">Novena in Honor of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Bernadette</option> <option value="Lourdes a History.html">In Defense of the Miracles of Lourdes, A History of Its Apparitions and Cures</option> <option value="Bernadette\_Sequel.html">Inspirational Account of the Life of St. Bernadette and the Apparition of Lourdes</option> <option value="La Salette.html">Our Lady of La Salette</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</option> <option value="Mary Help of Christians.html">Mary Help of Christians</option> <option value="Our Lady of Perpetual Help.html">Perpetual Help</option> <option value="Immaculate Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary popup.html">Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="A Short Treatise on the Scapular.html">The Confraternity of Our Blessed Lady of Mount Carmel called the Scapular, 1850</option> <option value="Our Lady of Good Counsel.html">Our Lady of Good Counsel: Prayers, Litany and Book, "The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel"</option> <option value="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</option> <option value="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</option> <option value="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim and St. Anne, 1859</option> <option value="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal the Origin and History</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>Related links for the Sacrament of Penance</i> <br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="">Select from the Following:</option> <option value="Examine%20Index.html">Examination of Conscience</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On the Vice of Impurity.html#Idolatry')">The Idolatry of the Creature Due to Impurity</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Unchaste Thoughts and Desires.html')">Moral Teaching on Unchaste Thoughts and Desires and Prayers to Overcome Temptations</option> <option value="Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Sacrament of Penance</option> <option value="Confession Q and A.html">The Sacrament of Penance, All of Your Questions Answered</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon\_Confession.html')">On the Benefits of a Good Confession</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Turning from Sin.html')">Two Short Sermons: <br>On Turning from Sin to God <br> The Sentiments of a Penitent Sinner</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Relapse into Sin popup.html')">Causes of Relapse into Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Preparation\_Repentance\_Confession.html')"> On the Preparation Necessary to <br>Make a Good Confession<br><br> On Motives for Repentance and Contrition <br>Necessary for a Good Confession</option> <option value="Self-Examination.html">The Necessity of Self-Examination</option> <option value="Examine 9.html">The Seven Deadly Sins, Nine Ways to Being an Accessory to Another's Sin, Sins Against the Holy Spirit</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Exposition on the Sixth Commandment.html')">The Sixth Commandment: Explained by St. Thomas Aquinas</option> <option value="Ritual%20of%20the%20Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Rite of Confession </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Thirteenth Sunday After Pentecost.html#General Confession')">General Confession</option> <option value="The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin Liguori.html">The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin<br>by St. Alphonsus Liguori</option> <option value="Contrition.html">Contrition</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment.html')">Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment</option> <option value="False Peace Sinful Conscience.html">The False Peace of a Sinful Conscience, by Fr. Hunolt, 1691-1746</option> <option value="Render Our Account.html">Render an Account of Your Life: A Must Read for Every Soul </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Sinner seeks God.html')">The Sinner will Seek God at Death</option> <option value="St. Alphonsu the number of sins.html">On the Number of Sins, by St. Aphonsus Di Liguori</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="Penitent%27s%20Prayer.html">Penitent's Consolation</option> <option value="Sin.html">The Nature of Sin</option> <option value="Folly of Sin.html">The Folly of Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Venial Sins.html')">On Not Making Light of Venial Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Multitude\_of\_Sins.html')">On the Multitude of Our Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon\_Mortal Sin.html')"><br>On the Horror of Mortal Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Spiritual Murder.html')">On Spiritual Murder</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Thursday\_First\_Week\_Lent.html')">Examination of Our Duties <br>and State of Life</option> <option value="Conscience.html">Conscience</option> <option value="Ten%20Commandments%20Index.html">Index of the Ten Commandments</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners.html')">The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners</option> <option value="The Sinners Guide.html">The Sinner's Guide <br>by Ven. Louis of Granada, O.P.</option> <option value="Childrens Confession.html">Catholic Instruction for Children for the Sacrament of Penance, 1897</option> </option></select> </form> <br><br> <A NAME="vigil"style="border-style: none"/></a> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">The Vigil of All Saints</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">M</font>ultiply Thy grace upon us, O Lord, and grant that we may be gladdened at the holy confession of those to whose glorious festival we look forward. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>he most illustrious martyrs had at Rome, from the fourth century century, their basilicas, where was celebrated each year the anniversary of their death, or rather their birth in heaven. At that time a number of Masses were prescribed without any fixed day in honor of those who had no public recognition. When later the names of saints who were not martyrs were introduced into the ecclesiastical Calendar, a more universal character was given to such Masses. It is thus that in the eighth century the Gregorian Sacramentary indicates among the common Masses without a date: The Mass in honor of All Saints. Fixed in the following century on November 1st, it became the Mass of All Saints' Day for which we are this day prepared by a vigil.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>his explains why the Mass of the vigil, as well as that of the feast, contains extracts from the Masses of the Common of Martyrs.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">L</font>et us prepare our souls for the graces heaven is about to shower upon the earth in return for its homage. Tomorrow the Church will be so overflowing with joy, that she will seem to be already in possession of eternal happiness; but today she appears in the garb of penance, confessing that she is still an exile. Let us fast and pray with her; for are not we too pilgrims and strangers in this world, where all things are fleeting and hurry on to death? Year by year, as the great solemnity comes round, it has gathered from among our former companions new saints, who bless our tears and smile upon our songs of hope. Year by year the appointed time draws nearer, when we ourselves, seated at the heavenly banquet, shall receive the homage of those who succeed us, and hold out a helping hand to draw them after us to the home of everlasting happiness. Let us learn, from this very hour, to emancipate our souls, let us keep our hearts free, in the midst of the vain solicitudes and false pleasures of a strange land: the exile has no care but his banishment, no joy but that which gives him a foretaste of his fatherland.<br><br> With these thoughts in mind, let us say with the Church the Collect of the Vigil:<br><br> <i>O Lord our God, multiply Thy grace upon us; and grant us in our holy profession to follow the joy of those, whose glorious selemnity we anticipate. Through our Lord</i> <br><br> <i>Related Links to combat the attacks of the devil:</i> <br><br> <a href="Protection of the Holy Angels Against the Devils.html">The Devils Plan to Ruin Souls and the Protection of the Holy Angels</a> <a href="GoodBadAngels.html">Good and Bad Angels</a> <a href="The Triumph of the Blessed Sacrament.html">The Triumph of the Blessed Sacrament or Exorcism of Nicola Aubry, by Fr. Michael Muller</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Exorcisms the Teachings of the Church.html')">A Short Explanation on the Rite of Exorcisms</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Resisting the Enemies of Our Salvation.html')">Resisting the Enemies of Our Salvation</a> <a href="Devils who Tempt.html">Temptations and the Devils who Tempt</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Temptations Bishop Ehrler.html')">Temptations: Why we have them</a> <a href="Exorcism.html">St. Michael/ Exorcism</a> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <A NAME="Refresh\_Kingship"style="border-style: none"/></a> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 30th, Kingship of Our Lord Jesus Christ</font> <br><br> <img src="Christ the King Sidebar\_new.jpg"><br><br> <a href="Christ the King Feast Day.html">Christ the King</a> <a href="Christ the King New Page.html">Devotions to Christ the King</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Christ\_the\_King.html')">On Our Saviour as our King and Our Priest</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Mercy and Justice.html')">The Mercy and Justice of God</a> <a href="Psalter Intro.html">The Psalster of Jesus</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Manning\_Revolt\_Society.html')">The Revolt of Society from God</a> <a href="Law Arthur Devine.html">Explanation of the Law of God</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Saint Pius X.html#Syllabus')">Syllabus Against Modernist Errors</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Oath Against Modernism.html')">Oath Against Modernism</a> <a href="Catechism on Modernism.html">Catechism on Modernism: A Condemnation of the Errors of Modernism by St. Piux X.</a> <a href="What is Liberalism New.html">What is Liberalism</a> <a href="Concerning Modern Errors.html"> Pope Leo XIII. Encycle Concerning Modern Errors: Socialism, Communism, Nihilism</a> <a href="Prayers for America\_2016.html">Prayers for the Conversion of America</a> <br><br> <A NAME="Sunday"style="border-style: none"/></a> <a href="Goffine\_Mass\_Parts.html">A Devout Guide to follow the Tridentine Latin Mass of Pope St. Pius V. Recommended for Those Who Cannot Attend Mass in Person. Christ the King</a> <a href="The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass.html">The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, Fr. O' Keeffe, 1891</a> <a href="Quo Primum.html">Papal Bull: Quo Primum, the Tridentine Mass for all Times</a> <a href="Why the Latin Mass.html">Why the Mass is in Latin</a> <a href="Catholic Worship.html">Catholic Worship, Explained</a> <a href="Mass at Home.html">Manner of Hearing Mass At Home: For those who on account of sickness, old age, or for other proper reasons cannot assist at holy Mass, especially on Sundays and Holidays</a> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>During this month of October, <br>please visit the links dedicated <br>to the Rosary and Our Lady</i><br><br> <form> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <option value="Index.html">The Rosary & Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</option> <option value="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the Recitation of the Rosary</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Prayers of Our Ladyof the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</option> <option value="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</option> <option value="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</option> <option value="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</option> <option value="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</option> <option value="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</option> <option value="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Ave Maris Stella.html">Ave Maris Stella</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</option> <option value="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Ransom.html')">Our Lady of Ransom</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</option> <option value="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Annunciation Weninger.html')">Sermons of Fr. Weninger for the Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Annunciation.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of the Annunciation</option> <option value="Purification.html">The Purification of the Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('The Humility of Mary.html')">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <option value="Assumption.html">The Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Weninger Sermons.html')">Octave of the Assumption 3 Sermons by Fr.Weninger</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Assumption by St. Alphonsus.html')">The Dormition and Assumption of the B.V.M.</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Life of Mary Litany.html')"> Assumption: Additional Prayers and Devotions</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Vigil of the Assumption.html')">Vigil of the Assumption</option> <option value="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queenship of Mary popup.html')">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Octave Gueranger.html')">2nd - 4th Days within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Octave of the Immaculate Conception Weninger.html')"> Octave of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</option> <option value="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary The Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate\_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</option> <option value="Presentation of Mary.html">I. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Seven Dolors.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   I.</option> <option value="Sorrowful Mother.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   II.</option> <option value="Novena of the Seven Sorrows.html">Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Seven Dolours Sermon.html')">Our Lady of Sorrows</option> <option value="The Sweetness of the Name of Mary.html">The Sweetness of theName of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Novena in Honor of the Holy Name of Mary and Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Holy Name of Mary.html">The Holy Name of Mary</option> <option value="Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">The Nativity of the BlessedVirgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Novena.html')">Novena of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">The Feast of the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Novena.html')">Novena for the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Snows.html')">Our Lady of the Snows </option> <option value="Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Novena Our Lady of Mount Carmel.html">Novena to Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Feast of the Scapular.html">The Feast of the Scapular</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy House of Loretto</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Carmel popup.html')">History of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Queenship of Mary.html">The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary </option> <option value="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</option> <option value="Lourdes Novena.html">Novena in Honor of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Bernadette</option> <option value="Lourdes a History.html">In Defense of the Miracles of Lourdes, A History of Its Apparitions and Cures</option> <option value="Bernadette\_Sequel.html">Inspirational Account of the Life of St. Bernadette and the Apparition of Lourdes</option> <option value="La Salette.html">Our Lady of La Salette</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</option> <option value="Mary Help of Christians.html">Mary Help of Christians</option> <option value="Our Lady of Perpetual Help.html">Perpetual Help</option> <option value="Immaculate Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary popup.html">Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="A Short Treatise on the Scapular.html">The Confraternity of Our Blessed Lady of Mount Carmel called the Scapular, 1850</option> <option value="Our Lady of Good Counsel.html">Our Lady of Good Counsel: Prayers, Litany and Book, "The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel"</option> <option value="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</option> <option value="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</option> <option value="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim and St. Anne, 1859</option> <option value="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal the Origin and History</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">Kingship of Our Lord Jesus Christ</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">T</font>he lamb that was slain is worthy to receive power and divinity and wisdom and strength and honour. To Him be glory and empire for ever and ever. Ps. Give to the king Thy judgement, O God; and Thy justice unto the king's son. Glory be...<br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">I</font>n his Encyclical of December 11, 1925, H.H. Pius XI denounced the great modern heresy of laicism. It refuses to recognize the rights of God and His Christ over persons and peoples and organizes the lives of individuals, families and of society itself, as though God did not exist. This laicism ruins society, because in place of the love of God and one's neighbour, it substitutes pride and egoism. It begets jealousy between individuals, hatred between classes and rivalry between nations. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>he world denies Christ because it ignores His royal prerogatives. It must be instructed on this subject. Now "a yearly feast can attain this end, more effectively than the weightiest documents issued by ecclesiastical authority." The Holy Father has instituted this new feast to be a public, social and official declaration of the royal rights of Jesus, as God the Creator, as The Word Incarnate, and as Redeemer. This feast makes these rights to be known and recognized, in a way most suitable to man and to society by the sublimest acts of religion - particularly by Holy Mass. In fact, the end of the Holy Sacrifice is the acknowledgment of God's complete dominion over us, and our complete dependence on Him. And this act is accomplished, not only on Calvary but also through the royal priesthood of Jesus which never ceases in His kingdom, which is heaven. The great reality of Christianity is not a corpse hanging from a cross, but the risen Christ reigning in all the glory of His triumph in the midst of His elect who are His conquest (Epistle). And that is why the Mass begins with the finest vision of the Apocalypse where the Lamb of God is acclaimed by angels and saints (Introit). <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>he Holy Father has expressed his wish that this feast should be celebrated towards the end of the liturgical year, on the last Sunday of October, as the consummation of all the mysteries by which Jesus has established His royal powers and nearly on the eve of All-Saints, where He already realizes them in part in being "the King of kings and the crown of All Saints" (Invitatory at Matins); until He shall be the crown of all those on earth whom He saves, especially by the Mass. It is indeed principally by the Eucharist which is both a sacrifice and a sacrament, that Christ, now in glory, assures the results of the victorious sacrifice of Calvary, by taking possession of souls through the application of the merits of His Passion (Secret) and thereby unites them as members to their head. The end of the Eucharist, says the Catechism of the Council of Trent, is "to form one sole mystic body of all the faithful" and so to draw them in the cult which Christ, king-adorer, as priest and victim, rendered in a bloody manner on the cross and now renders, in an unbloody manner, on the stone altar of our churches and on the golden altar in heaven, to Christ, king-adored, as Son of God, and to His Father to whom He offers these souls (Preface). <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 29th, Ferial Day</font><br><br> <i>As we approach the end of October, we reflect upon the importance of the Guardian Angels. Please use the below link to access all related pages for prayers devotions and sermons. </i> <br><br> <a href="#guardian">Links to the Guardian Angels During the Entire Month of October</a> <a href="October 29th.html">Meditations on the Holy Angels</a> <br><br> <a href="Immaculate%20Heart%20of%20Mary.html#OLS">Our Lady's Saturday</a> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</a> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#First Saturday">Five First Saturdays</a> <a href="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary; Fatima and the Rosary</a> <a href="Remodel\_your\_home.html">Remodel Your Home After Mary's Heart</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Manning\_Revolt\_Society.html')">The Revolt of Society from God</a> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Adultery Meditation Challoner.html')">Adultery Meditation Challoner.html</a> <a href="Sixth Commandment.html">The 6th Commandment</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Unchaste Thoughts and Desires.html')">Moral Teaching on Unchaste Thoughts and Desires</a> <a href="Folly of Impure Desires.html">Part 1 of 3 on the Vice of Lust: The Folly of Impure Desires of Sensual Pleasures</a> <a href="Incurableness of Impurity.html">Part 2 of 3 on the Vice of Lust: The Incurableness of Impurity</a> <a href="Vice of Impurity\_Anger of God.html">Part 3 of 3 on the Vice of Lust: The Anger of God Against the Vice of Impurity</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>During this month of October, <br>please visit the links dedicated <br>to the Rosary and Our Lady</i><br><br> <form> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <option value="Index.html">The Rosary & Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</option> <option value="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the Recitation of the Rosary</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Prayers of Our Ladyof the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</option> <option value="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</option> <option value="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</option> <option value="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</option> <option value="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</option> <option value="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</option> <option value="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Ave Maris Stella.html">Ave Maris Stella</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</option> <option value="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Ransom.html')">Our Lady of Ransom</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</option> <option value="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Annunciation Weninger.html')">Sermons of Fr. Weninger for the Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Annunciation.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of the Annunciation</option> <option value="Purification.html">The Purification of the Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('The Humility of Mary.html')">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <option value="Assumption.html">The Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Weninger Sermons.html')">Octave of the Assumption 3 Sermons by Fr.Weninger</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Assumption by St. Alphonsus.html')">The Dormition and Assumption of the B.V.M.</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Life of Mary Litany.html')"> Assumption: Additional Prayers and Devotions</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Vigil of the Assumption.html')">Vigil of the Assumption</option> <option value="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queenship of Mary popup.html')">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Octave Gueranger.html')">2nd - 4th Days within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Octave of the Immaculate Conception Weninger.html')"> Octave of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</option> <option value="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary The Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate\_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</option> <option value="Presentation of Mary.html">I. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Seven Dolors.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   I.</option> <option value="Sorrowful Mother.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   II.</option> <option value="Novena of the Seven Sorrows.html">Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Seven Dolours Sermon.html')">Our Lady of Sorrows</option> <option value="The Sweetness of the Name of Mary.html">The Sweetness of theName of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Novena in Honor of the Holy Name of Mary and Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Holy Name of Mary.html">The Holy Name of Mary</option> <option value="Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">The Nativity of the BlessedVirgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Novena.html')">Novena of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">The Feast of the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Novena.html')">Novena for the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Snows.html')">Our Lady of the Snows </option> <option value="Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Novena Our Lady of Mount Carmel.html">Novena to Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Feast of the Scapular.html">The Feast of the Scapular</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy House of Loretto</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Carmel popup.html')">History of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Queenship of Mary.html">The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary </option> <option value="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</option> <option value="Lourdes Novena.html">Novena in Honor of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Bernadette</option> <option value="Lourdes a History.html">In Defense of the Miracles of Lourdes, A History of Its Apparitions and Cures</option> <option value="Bernadette\_Sequel.html">Inspirational Account of the Life of St. Bernadette and the Apparition of Lourdes</option> <option value="La Salette.html">Our Lady of La Salette</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</option> <option value="Mary Help of Christians.html">Mary Help of Christians</option> <option value="Our Lady of Perpetual Help.html">Perpetual Help</option> <option value="Immaculate Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary popup.html">Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="A Short Treatise on the Scapular.html">The Confraternity of Our Blessed Lady of Mount Carmel called the Scapular, 1850</option> <option value="Our Lady of Good Counsel.html">Our Lady of Good Counsel: Prayers, Litany and Book, "The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel"</option> <option value="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</option> <option value="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</option> <option value="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim and St. Anne, 1859</option> <option value="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal the Origin and History</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>Related links for the Sacrament of Penance</i> <br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="">Select from the Following:</option> <option value="Examine%20Index.html">Examination of Conscience</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On the Vice of Impurity.html#Idolatry')">The Idolatry of the Creature Due to Impurity</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Unchaste Thoughts and Desires.html')">Moral Teaching on Unchaste Thoughts and Desires and Prayers to Overcome Temptations</option> <option value="Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Sacrament of Penance</option> <option value="Confession Q and A.html">The Sacrament of Penance, All of Your Questions Answered</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon\_Confession.html')">On the Benefits of a Good Confession</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Turning from Sin.html')">Two Short Sermons: <br>On Turning from Sin to God <br> The Sentiments of a Penitent Sinner</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Relapse into Sin popup.html')">Causes of Relapse into Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Preparation\_Repentance\_Confession.html')"> On the Preparation Necessary to <br>Make a Good Confession<br><br> On Motives for Repentance and Contrition <br>Necessary for a Good Confession</option> <option value="Self-Examination.html">The Necessity of Self-Examination</option> <option value="Examine 9.html">The Seven Deadly Sins, Nine Ways to Being an Accessory to Another's Sin, Sins Against the Holy Spirit</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Exposition on the Sixth Commandment.html')">The Sixth Commandment: Explained by St. Thomas Aquinas</option> <option value="Ritual%20of%20the%20Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Rite of Confession </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Thirteenth Sunday After Pentecost.html#General Confession')">General Confession</option> <option value="The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin Liguori.html">The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin<br>by St. Alphonsus Liguori</option> <option value="Contrition.html">Contrition</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment.html')">Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment</option> <option value="False Peace Sinful Conscience.html">The False Peace of a Sinful Conscience, by Fr. Hunolt, 1691-1746</option> <option value="Render Our Account.html">Render an Account of Your Life: A Must Read for Every Soul </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Sinner seeks God.html')">The Sinner will Seek God at Death</option> <option value="St. Alphonsu the number of sins.html">On the Number of Sins, by St. Aphonsus Di Liguori</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="Penitent%27s%20Prayer.html">Penitent's Consolation</option> <option value="Sin.html">The Nature of Sin</option> <option value="Folly of Sin.html">The Folly of Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Venial Sins.html')">On Not Making Light of Venial Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Multitude\_of\_Sins.html')">On the Multitude of Our Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon\_Mortal Sin.html')"><br>On the Horror of Mortal Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Spiritual Murder.html')">On Spiritual Murder</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Thursday\_First\_Week\_Lent.html')">Examination of Our Duties <br>and State of Life</option> <option value="Conscience.html">Conscience</option> <option value="Ten%20Commandments%20Index.html">Index of the Ten Commandments</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners.html')">The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners</option> <option value="The Sinners Guide.html">The Sinner's Guide <br>by Ven. Louis of Granada, O.P.</option> <option value="Childrens Confession.html">Catholic Instruction for Children for the Sacrament of Penance, 1897</option> </option></select> </form> <br><br> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 28th, Sts. Simon and Jude, Apostles</font><br><br> <img src="10.28.08A.jpg" style="border-style: none" ;=""><br><br> <img src="10.28.08B.jpg" style="border-style: none" ;=""> <br><br> <a href="Sacred Heart Enthronement.html">The Enthronement of the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <a href="Devotions to the Sacred Heart.html#Reparation">Act of Reparation to the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <a href="Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus.html">Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Life of St. Jude.html')">Life of St. Jude Thadeus, <br>the Forgotten Saint</a> <a href="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Sts. Simon and Jude.html')">Sts. Simon and Jude</a> <a href="St. Jude Epistle.html">The Epistle of St. Jude<br>with Catholic Exposition <br>by Rev. John MacEvilly, 1891</a> <a href="St. Jude Thaddeus Helper.html">St. Jude, Helper in Desparate Cases and St. Rita, Advocate of the Impossible--History Prayers and Devotions</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('How to Obtain Answers to Our Prayers.html')">How to Obtain Answers <br>to Our Prayers</a> <a href="The Labor of the Apostles Book.html">The Labor of the Apostles: <br>Their Teaching of the Nations</a> <a href="Labor of the Apostles.html">The Lives of the 12 Apostles and St. Paul: The Apostles Creed</a> <a href="Tissot Illustrated Bible V1 Part2.html">Vol. 1, Part 2: The Ministry of Jesus Christ from the Latin Vulgate, as Illustrated by Catholic Artist and Historian, James Tissot, 1899</a> <a href="Tissot Illustrated Bible V2.html">Vol. 2: Parables and Teachings of Jesus Christ from the Latin Vulgate, as Illustrated by Catholic Artist and Historian, James Tissot, 1899</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>During this month of October, <br>please visit the links dedicated <br>to the Rosary and Our Lady</i><br><br> <form> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <option value="Index.html">The Rosary & Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</option> <option value="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the Recitation of the Rosary</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Prayers of Our Ladyof the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</option> <option value="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</option> <option value="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</option> <option value="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</option> <option value="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</option> <option value="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</option> <option value="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Ave Maris Stella.html">Ave Maris Stella</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</option> <option value="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Ransom.html')">Our Lady of Ransom</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</option> <option value="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Annunciation Weninger.html')">Sermons of Fr. Weninger for the Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Annunciation.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of the Annunciation</option> <option value="Purification.html">The Purification of the Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('The Humility of Mary.html')">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <option value="Assumption.html">The Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Weninger Sermons.html')">Octave of the Assumption 3 Sermons by Fr.Weninger</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Assumption by St. Alphonsus.html')">The Dormition and Assumption of the B.V.M.</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Life of Mary Litany.html')"> Assumption: Additional Prayers and Devotions</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Vigil of the Assumption.html')">Vigil of the Assumption</option> <option value="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queenship of Mary popup.html')">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Octave Gueranger.html')">2nd - 4th Days within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Octave of the Immaculate Conception Weninger.html')"> Octave of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</option> <option value="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary The Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate\_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</option> <option value="Presentation of Mary.html">I. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Seven Dolors.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   I.</option> <option value="Sorrowful Mother.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   II.</option> <option value="Novena of the Seven Sorrows.html">Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Seven Dolours Sermon.html')">Our Lady of Sorrows</option> <option value="The Sweetness of the Name of Mary.html">The Sweetness of theName of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Novena in Honor of the Holy Name of Mary and Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Holy Name of Mary.html">The Holy Name of Mary</option> <option value="Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">The Nativity of the BlessedVirgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Novena.html')">Novena of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">The Feast of the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Novena.html')">Novena for the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Snows.html')">Our Lady of the Snows </option> <option value="Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Novena Our Lady of Mount Carmel.html">Novena to Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Feast of the Scapular.html">The Feast of the Scapular</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy House of Loretto</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Carmel popup.html')">History of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Queenship of Mary.html">The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary </option> <option value="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</option> <option value="Lourdes Novena.html">Novena in Honor of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Bernadette</option> <option value="Lourdes a History.html">In Defense of the Miracles of Lourdes, A History of Its Apparitions and Cures</option> <option value="Bernadette\_Sequel.html">Inspirational Account of the Life of St. Bernadette and the Apparition of Lourdes</option> <option value="La Salette.html">Our Lady of La Salette</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</option> <option value="Mary Help of Christians.html">Mary Help of Christians</option> <option value="Our Lady of Perpetual Help.html">Perpetual Help</option> <option value="Immaculate Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary popup.html">Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="A Short Treatise on the Scapular.html">The Confraternity of Our Blessed Lady of Mount Carmel called the Scapular, 1850</option> <option value="Our Lady of Good Counsel.html">Our Lady of Good Counsel: Prayers, Litany and Book, "The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel"</option> <option value="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</option> <option value="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</option> <option value="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim and St. Anne, 1859</option> <option value="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal the Origin and History</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> </select> </form> <br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">Sts. Simon and Jude, Apostles</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">O</font> God, Who through Thy blessed Apostles Simon and Jude hast brought us to the knowledge of Thy name, grant that by advancing in virtue we may celebrate their everlasting glory and by celebrating their glory advance in virtue. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> R. Behold I am sending you forth like sheep in the midst of wolves, saith the Lord: Be therefore wise as serpents, and guiless as doves. <br><br> V. While you have the light, believe in the light, that you may become sons of light. <br><br> R. Take my yoke upon you, saith the Lord, and learn from me, for I am meek and humble of heart: For my yoke is easy, and my burden light. <br><br> V. And you will find rest for your souls. For my yoke is easy, and my burden light. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>imon was a simple Galilean, a brother of Jesus, as the ancients called one's close relatives--aunts, uncles, first cousins; he was one of the Saviour's four first cousins, with James the Less, Jude and Joseph, all sons of Mary, the wife of Alpheus, or Cleophas, either name being a derivative of the Aramaic Chalphai. The latter was the brother of Saint Joseph, according to tradition. All the sons of this family were raised at Nazareth near the Holy Family. (See the Gospel of Saint Matthew 13:53-58.) Simon, Jude and James were called by Our Lord to be Apostles, pillars of His Church, and Joseph the Just was His loyal disciple.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Simon the Zealot or the Zealous, was the name this Apostle bore among the twelve. He preached in Egypt, Mauritania (Spain), and Lybia, leaving behind him the fertile hills of Galilee, where he had been engaged in the healthful cultivation of the vineyards and olive gardens. He later rejoined his brother, Saint Jude, in Persia, where they labored and died together. At first they were respected by the king, for they had manifested power over two ferocious tigers who had terrorized the land. With the king, sixty thousand Persians became Christians, and churches rose over the ruins of the idolatrous temples.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">B</font>ut the ancient enemy, who never sleeps, rose up, and when the two went elsewhere the pagans commanded them to sacrifice to the sun. Both Apostles, just before that time, had seen Our Lord amid His Angels. Simon said to Jude, "One of the Angels said to me, I will take you out of the temple and bring the building down upon their heads. I answered him, Let it not be so; perhaps some of them will be converted." They prayed for mercy for the people and offered their lives to God. Saint Simon told the crowd that their gods were only demons, and ordered them to come out of the statues, which they did, revealing themselves under hideous forms. But the idolaters fell on the Apostles and massacred them, while they blessed God and prayed for their murderers.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Jude has left us a short but powerful epistle, written after the death of his brother James, bishop of Jerusalem, and addressed to the new Christians being tempted by false brethren and heretics. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 27th, Vigil of Sts. Simon and Jude</font><br><br> <img src="10.27.09.jpg" style="border-style: none" ;=""><br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Persecution of the Church.html')"> Why the World Continually Persecutes the Church</a> <a href="What Every Christian Must Do Main.html">What Can and Cannot Be Reformed in the Church. No One can Change the Doctrine of Jesus Christ, Articles of Faith, the Commandments or the Sacraments</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>During this month of October, <br>please visit the links dedicated <br>to the Rosary and Our Lady</i><br><br> <form> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <option value="Index.html">The Rosary & Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</option> <option value="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the Recitation of the Rosary</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Prayers of Our Ladyof the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</option> <option value="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</option> <option value="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</option> <option value="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</option> <option value="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</option> <option value="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</option> <option value="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Ave Maris Stella.html">Ave Maris Stella</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</option> <option value="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Ransom.html')">Our Lady of Ransom</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</option> <option value="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Annunciation Weninger.html')">Sermons of Fr. Weninger for the Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Annunciation.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of the Annunciation</option> <option value="Purification.html">The Purification of the Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('The Humility of Mary.html')">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <option value="Assumption.html">The Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Weninger Sermons.html')">Octave of the Assumption 3 Sermons by Fr.Weninger</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Assumption by St. Alphonsus.html')">The Dormition and Assumption of the B.V.M.</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Life of Mary Litany.html')"> Assumption: Additional Prayers and Devotions</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Vigil of the Assumption.html')">Vigil of the Assumption</option> <option value="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queenship of Mary popup.html')">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Octave Gueranger.html')">2nd - 4th Days within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Octave of the Immaculate Conception Weninger.html')"> Octave of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</option> <option value="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary The Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate\_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</option> <option value="Presentation of Mary.html">I. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Seven Dolors.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   I.</option> <option value="Sorrowful Mother.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   II.</option> <option value="Novena of the Seven Sorrows.html">Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Seven Dolours Sermon.html')">Our Lady of Sorrows</option> <option value="The Sweetness of the Name of Mary.html">The Sweetness of theName of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Novena in Honor of the Holy Name of Mary and Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Holy Name of Mary.html">The Holy Name of Mary</option> <option value="Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">The Nativity of the BlessedVirgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Novena.html')">Novena of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">The Feast of the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Novena.html')">Novena for the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Snows.html')">Our Lady of the Snows </option> <option value="Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Novena Our Lady of Mount Carmel.html">Novena to Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Feast of the Scapular.html">The Feast of the Scapular</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy House of Loretto</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Carmel popup.html')">History of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Queenship of Mary.html">The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary </option> <option value="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</option> <option value="Lourdes Novena.html">Novena in Honor of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Bernadette</option> <option value="Lourdes a History.html">In Defense of the Miracles of Lourdes, A History of Its Apparitions and Cures</option> <option value="Bernadette\_Sequel.html">Inspirational Account of the Life of St. Bernadette and the Apparition of Lourdes</option> <option value="La Salette.html">Our Lady of La Salette</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</option> <option value="Mary Help of Christians.html">Mary Help of Christians</option> <option value="Our Lady of Perpetual Help.html">Perpetual Help</option> <option value="Immaculate Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary popup.html">Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="A Short Treatise on the Scapular.html">The Confraternity of Our Blessed Lady of Mount Carmel called the Scapular, 1850</option> <option value="Our Lady of Good Counsel.html">Our Lady of Good Counsel: Prayers, Litany and Book, "The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel"</option> <option value="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</option> <option value="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</option> <option value="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim and St. Anne, 1859</option> <option value="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal the Origin and History</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> </select> </form> <br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">Vigil of Sts. Simon and Jude</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">G</font>rant, we beseech Thee, O almighty God, that as we approach the glorious festival of the Apostles Simon and Jude, so may they approach Thy divine majesty in our behalf. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>imon, whom St. Matthew calls the Cananean to distinguish him for St. Peter who bore the same name, was born at Cana in Galilee. St. Luke calls him Zelotes, because he had probably belonged to the Jewish party, thus called for its zeal in defending the faith.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">J</font>ude, surnamed Thaddeus or Lebbe (the courageous) was by Cleophas his father and Mary his mother, a nephew to St. Joseph and the Blessed Virgin and cousin to Jesus. St. James, the Less, first bishop of Jerusalem and the first apostle martyred, and Simeon who succeeded him in this see, were his brothers.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>hese apostles of Christ heard from the lips of the Master at the Last Supper the words of the Gospel: I am the vine, you are the branches. Every branch which bears fruit, My Father shall prune in order that it should bear more. After having preached the Gospel at the price of great sufferings, the first in Egypt, the second in Mesopotamia, they were both martyred in Persia. Wherefore their feasts are celebrated on the same day in the same office and their names are mentioned jointly in the Canon of the Mass. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 26th, St. Evaristus Pope and Martyr. </font><br><br> <img src="10.26.09.jpg" style="border-style: none" ;=""> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('martyrsofcoliseum\_book.html')"> Catholic Book: The Marytrs of the Coliseum</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Matters of Faith Profession of Faith.html')">Are we bound to profess our Catholic Faith openly?</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Does Satan Exist.html')">Does Satan Exist?</a></li> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Resisting the Enemies of Our Salvation.html')">Resisting the Enemies of Our Salvation</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>During this month of October, <br>please visit the links dedicated <br>to the Rosary and Our Lady</i><br><br> <form> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <option value="Index.html">The Rosary & Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</option> <option value="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the Recitation of the Rosary</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Prayers of Our Ladyof the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</option> <option value="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</option> <option value="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</option> <option value="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</option> <option value="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</option> <option value="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</option> <option value="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Ave Maris Stella.html">Ave Maris Stella</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</option> <option value="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Ransom.html')">Our Lady of Ransom</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</option> <option value="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Annunciation Weninger.html')">Sermons of Fr. Weninger for the Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Annunciation.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of the Annunciation</option> <option value="Purification.html">The Purification of the Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('The Humility of Mary.html')">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <option value="Assumption.html">The Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Weninger Sermons.html')">Octave of the Assumption 3 Sermons by Fr.Weninger</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Assumption by St. Alphonsus.html')">The Dormition and Assumption of the B.V.M.</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Life of Mary Litany.html')"> Assumption: Additional Prayers and Devotions</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Vigil of the Assumption.html')">Vigil of the Assumption</option> <option value="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queenship of Mary popup.html')">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Octave Gueranger.html')">2nd - 4th Days within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Octave of the Immaculate Conception Weninger.html')"> Octave of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</option> <option value="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary The Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate\_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</option> <option value="Presentation of Mary.html">I. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Seven Dolors.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   I.</option> <option value="Sorrowful Mother.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   II.</option> <option value="Novena of the Seven Sorrows.html">Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Seven Dolours Sermon.html')">Our Lady of Sorrows</option> <option value="The Sweetness of the Name of Mary.html">The Sweetness of theName of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Novena in Honor of the Holy Name of Mary and Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Holy Name of Mary.html">The Holy Name of Mary</option> <option value="Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">The Nativity of the BlessedVirgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Novena.html')">Novena of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">The Feast of the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Novena.html')">Novena for the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Snows.html')">Our Lady of the Snows </option> <option value="Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Novena Our Lady of Mount Carmel.html">Novena to Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Feast of the Scapular.html">The Feast of the Scapular</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy House of Loretto</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Carmel popup.html')">History of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Queenship of Mary.html">The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary </option> <option value="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</option> <option value="Lourdes Novena.html">Novena in Honor of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Bernadette</option> <option value="Lourdes a History.html">In Defense of the Miracles of Lourdes, A History of Its Apparitions and Cures</option> <option value="Bernadette\_Sequel.html">Inspirational Account of the Life of St. Bernadette and the Apparition of Lourdes</option> <option value="La Salette.html">Our Lady of La Salette</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</option> <option value="Mary Help of Christians.html">Mary Help of Christians</option> <option value="Our Lady of Perpetual Help.html">Perpetual Help</option> <option value="Immaculate Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary popup.html">Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="A Short Treatise on the Scapular.html">The Confraternity of Our Blessed Lady of Mount Carmel called the Scapular, 1850</option> <option value="Our Lady of Good Counsel.html">Our Lady of Good Counsel: Prayers, Litany and Book, "The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel"</option> <option value="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</option> <option value="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</option> <option value="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim and St. Anne, 1859</option> <option value="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal the Origin and History</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> </select> </form> <br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">St. Evaristus Pope and Martyr</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">O</font> eternal Shepherd, watch over the peace of Thy flock, and through blessed Evaristus, Thy Martyr and Sovereign Pontiff, whom Thou didst appoint shepherd over the whole Church, keep her under Thy constant protection. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Evaristus succeeded Saint Anacletus on the throne of Saint Peter, elected during the second general persecution, under the reign of Domitian. That emperor no doubt did not know that the Christian pontificate was being perpetuated in the shadows of the catacombs. The text of the Liber Pontificalis, says of the new pope:<br><br> "<font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">E</font>varistus, born in Greece of a Jewish father named Juda, originally from the city of Bethlehem, reigned for thirteen years, six months and two days, under the reigns of Domitian, Nerva and Trajan, from the Consulate of Valens and Veter (96) until that of Gallus and Bradua (108). This pontiff divided among the priests the titles of the city of Rome. By a constitution he established seven deacons who were to assist the bishop and serve as authentic witnesses for him. During the three ordinations which he conducted in the month of December, he promoted six priests, two deacons and five bishops, destined for various churches. Evaristus received the crown of martyrdom. He was buried near the body of Blessed Peter in the Vatican, on the sixth day of the Calends of November (October 25, 108). The episcopal throne remained vacant for nineteen days."<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>he Bollandists explain two passages of this text as follows: Saint Anacletus had ordained twenty-five priests for the city of Rome; Saint Evaristus completed this institution by settling the boundaries of each of these titles, and filling the vacancies which probably occurred during the persecution of Diocletian. As for the decree by which he ordains that seven deacons make up the cortege of the bishop, we find in the first epistle of Saint Anacletus a text which helps us to grasp and better perceive the discipline of the early Church. There existed amid the diverse elements which composed it in its first years, proud minds, envious souls, ambitious hearts which could not bear the yoke of obedience, and who by their revolts and incessant detraction fatigued the patience of the Apostles. The deacons were to be the Pope's guards against their ill-intentioned projects.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">I</font>t was at the same time as Saint Ignatius, the illustrious bishop of Antioch, that Pope Saint Evaristus gave his life by martyrdom. The acts of his martyrdom are lost, but we perceive that the same faith, heroism and devotion united the churches of the East and of the West. He is often represented with a sword because he was decapitated, or with a crib, because it is believed that he was born in Bethlehem, from which his father migrated. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 25th, Sts. Chrysanthus and Daria, Martyrs</font><br><br> <img src="10.25.11.jpg"><br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Chrysanthus and St. Daria.html')">Ss. Chrysanthus and Daria, Martyrs</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('The Virtue of Chastity.html')"> Prayers for the Preservation of Chastity. An Explanation and Defense of the Virtue of Chastity</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Unchaste Thoughts and Desires.html')">Moral Teaching on Unchaste Thoughts and Desires</a> <a href="Folly of Impure Desires.html">The Folly of Impure Desires of Sensual Pleasures</a> <a href="False Peace Sinful Conscience.html">The False Peace of a Sinful Conscience, by Fr. Hunolt, 1691-1746</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Sermon Mortification.html')">The Necessity of Mortification</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>During this month of October, <br>please visit the links dedicated <br>to the Rosary and Our Lady</i><br><br> <form> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <option value="Index.html">The Rosary & Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</option> <option value="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the Recitation of the Rosary</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Prayers of Our Ladyof the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</option> <option value="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</option> <option value="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</option> <option value="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</option> <option value="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</option> <option value="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</option> <option value="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Ave Maris Stella.html">Ave Maris Stella</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</option> <option value="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Ransom.html')">Our Lady of Ransom</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</option> <option value="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Annunciation Weninger.html')">Sermons of Fr. Weninger for the Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Annunciation.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of the Annunciation</option> <option value="Purification.html">The Purification of the Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('The Humility of Mary.html')">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <option value="Assumption.html">The Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Weninger Sermons.html')">Octave of the Assumption 3 Sermons by Fr.Weninger</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Assumption by St. Alphonsus.html')">The Dormition and Assumption of the B.V.M.</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Life of Mary Litany.html')"> Assumption: Additional Prayers and Devotions</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Vigil of the Assumption.html')">Vigil of the Assumption</option> <option value="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queenship of Mary popup.html')">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Octave Gueranger.html')">2nd - 4th Days within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Octave of the Immaculate Conception Weninger.html')"> Octave of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</option> <option value="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary The Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate\_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</option> <option value="Presentation of Mary.html">I. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Seven Dolors.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   I.</option> <option value="Sorrowful Mother.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   II.</option> <option value="Novena of the Seven Sorrows.html">Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Seven Dolours Sermon.html')">Our Lady of Sorrows</option> <option value="The Sweetness of the Name of Mary.html">The Sweetness of theName of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Novena in Honor of the Holy Name of Mary and Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Holy Name of Mary.html">The Holy Name of Mary</option> <option value="Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">The Nativity of the BlessedVirgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Novena.html')">Novena of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">The Feast of the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Novena.html')">Novena for the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Snows.html')">Our Lady of the Snows </option> <option value="Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Novena Our Lady of Mount Carmel.html">Novena to Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Feast of the Scapular.html">The Feast of the Scapular</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy House of Loretto</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Carmel popup.html')">History of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Queenship of Mary.html">The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary </option> <option value="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</option> <option value="Lourdes Novena.html">Novena in Honor of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Bernadette</option> <option value="Lourdes a History.html">In Defense of the Miracles of Lourdes, A History of Its Apparitions and Cures</option> <option value="Bernadette\_Sequel.html">Inspirational Account of the Life of St. Bernadette and the Apparition of Lourdes</option> <option value="La Salette.html">Our Lady of La Salette</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</option> <option value="Mary Help of Christians.html">Mary Help of Christians</option> <option value="Our Lady of Perpetual Help.html">Perpetual Help</option> <option value="Immaculate Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary popup.html">Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="A Short Treatise on the Scapular.html">The Confraternity of Our Blessed Lady of Mount Carmel called the Scapular, 1850</option> <option value="Our Lady of Good Counsel.html">Our Lady of Good Counsel: Prayers, Litany and Book, "The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel"</option> <option value="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</option> <option value="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</option> <option value="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim and St. Anne, 1859</option> <option value="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal the Origin and History</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> </select> </form> <br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">Sts. Chrysanthus and Daria, Martyrs</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">M</font>ay the prayers of Thy Blessed Martyrs, Chrysanthus and Daria be with us, we beseech Thee, O Lord, and may we who honor them by this service continually enjoy their loving help. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">C</font>hrysanthus was the son of a Roman senator, born in Egypt. While still young he went with his father to Rome, where his superior intelligence was quickly appreciated. Convinced of the vanity of idol-worship, he undertook every means at his disposition to learn the truth and deliver his soul from the doubts afflicting him. An elderly gentlemen was pointed out to him as a sage, and Chrysanthus went to him with his questions. The old man, who was a Christian, had no difficulty in opening the eyes of the young neophyte; Chrysanthus instantly embraced the truth with ardor and became an apostle.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">H</font>is father, at first astonished, became irritated and decided to bring his son back from what he called his superstitions and errors. No means were effectual for this purpose. Thus, influenced by his associates, the father locked him in his palace and sent a courtesan to seduce his purity.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">W</font>hen the first one did not succeed, others were commissioned for the infamous task, and finally a vestal virgin, priestess of an idol regarded as the empireÃÆÃâÃâ Ã¢â¬â¢ÃÆÃ¢â¬ ÃÂ¢Ã¢âÂ¬Ã¢âÂ¢ÃÆÃâÃÂ¢Ã¢âÂ¬ÃÂ¡ÃÆÃ¢â¬Å¡ÃâÃÂ¢ÃÆÃâÃâ Ã¢â¬â¢ÃÆÃ¢â¬Å¡ÃâÃÂ¢ÃÆÃâÃâÃÂ¢ÃÆÃÂ¢ÃÂ¢Ã¢âÂ¬ÃÂ¡ÃâÃÂ¬ÃÆÃ¢â¬Â¦ÃâÃÂ¡ÃÆÃâÃÂ¢Ã¢âÂ¬ÃÂ¡ÃÆÃ¢â¬Å¡ÃâÃÂ¬ÃÆÃâÃâ Ã¢â¬â¢ÃÆÃ¢â¬Å¡ÃâÃÂ¢ÃÆÃâÃâÃÂ¢ÃÆÃÂ¢ÃÂ¢Ã¢âÂ¬ÃÂ¡ÃâÃÂ¬ÃÆÃ¢â¬Â¦ÃâÃÂ¾ÃÆÃâÃÂ¢Ã¢âÂ¬ÃÂ¡ÃÆÃ¢â¬Å¡ÃâÃÂ¢s bulwark, attempted every artifice to corrupt the young Christian. Instead, she herself became the conquest of grace. The two Christians saw themselves united by the bonds of faith, hope and charity, and determined to add to these holy chains those of a virginal marriage. This decision brought about liberty for Chrysanthus and gave him the means to continue his preaching of Christ. Many conversions among the officers of the Roman society with which he was already familiar, were the fruit of the apostolate of the young spouses, including that of the tribune Claudius, with his household and seventy soldiers.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">B</font>ut complaints began to be addressed to the prefect of Rome, who arrested the young couple. After enduring torments, Chrysanthus was shut up in the Mamertine prison, and Daria was sent to a house of ill fame. But the Lord watched over both of them as He had done over many others, and they surmounted their trials, intact and pure. To be done with them, the irritated emperor had them buried alive. It appears this torment was chosen in order to inflict on Daria the death reserved for unfaithful vestals. The principal relics of Chrysanthus and Daria are in the Abbey of Saint Avold in the diocese of Metz. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <A NAME="Refresh\_Raphael"style="border-style: none"/></a> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 24th,<br> St. Raphael the Archangel</font><br><br> <img src="St. Raphael.jpg" style="border-style: none" ;=""><br><br> <a href="Raphael.html">St. Raphael, Prayer Devotions and Novena</a> <a href="St. Raphael Popup.html">St. Raphael Additional Prayers</a> <a href="Litany of the Holy Angels.html">Litany of the Holy Angels</a> <a href="Homilies\_Book\_of\_Tobias.html">Homilies on the Book of Tobias</a> <a href="Three Archangels.html">The Three Archangels and the Guardian Angels in Art, 1899</a> <a href="October Month Sanctified.html">Twelve Months Sanctified by Prayer, October--Dedicated to the Angels</a> <a href="Liturgy and Angels.html">Angels in the Liturgy</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Guardian Angels Popup.html')">Devotions to the Guardian Angels</a> <a href="Your Guardian Angel throughout Life.html">Your Guardian Angel<br> throughout Life</a> <a href="The Spiritual Combat.html">The Spiritual Combat</a> <a href="October 24th.html">Meditations on the Holy Angels</a> <a href="GoodBadAngels.html">Good and Bad Angels</a> <a href="Guardian.html">Guardian Angels</a> <a href="Marriage Discourse Hunolt\_2.html">The Disposition Necessary for a Happy Marriage</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>During this month of October, <br>please visit the links dedicated <br>to the Rosary and Our Lady</i><br><br> <form> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <option value="Index.html">The Rosary & Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</option> <option value="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the Recitation of the Rosary</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Prayers of Our Ladyof the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</option> <option value="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</option> <option value="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</option> <option value="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</option> <option value="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</option> <option value="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</option> <option value="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Ave Maris Stella.html">Ave Maris Stella</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</option> <option value="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Ransom.html')">Our Lady of Ransom</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</option> <option value="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Annunciation Weninger.html')">Sermons of Fr. Weninger for the Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Annunciation.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of the Annunciation</option> <option value="Purification.html">The Purification of the Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('The Humility of Mary.html')">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <option value="Assumption.html">The Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Weninger Sermons.html')">Octave of the Assumption 3 Sermons by Fr.Weninger</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Assumption by St. Alphonsus.html')">The Dormition and Assumption of the B.V.M.</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Life of Mary Litany.html')"> Assumption: Additional Prayers and Devotions</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Vigil of the Assumption.html')">Vigil of the Assumption</option> <option value="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queenship of Mary popup.html')">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Octave Gueranger.html')">2nd - 4th Days within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Octave of the Immaculate Conception Weninger.html')"> Octave of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</option> <option value="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary The Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate\_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</option> <option value="Presentation of Mary.html">I. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Seven Dolors.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   I.</option> <option value="Sorrowful Mother.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   II.</option> <option value="Novena of the Seven Sorrows.html">Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Seven Dolours Sermon.html')">Our Lady of Sorrows</option> <option value="The Sweetness of the Name of Mary.html">The Sweetness of theName of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Novena in Honor of the Holy Name of Mary and Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Holy Name of Mary.html">The Holy Name of Mary</option> <option value="Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">The Nativity of the BlessedVirgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Novena.html')">Novena of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">The Feast of the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Novena.html')">Novena for the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Snows.html')">Our Lady of the Snows </option> <option value="Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Novena Our Lady of Mount Carmel.html">Novena to Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Feast of the Scapular.html">The Feast of the Scapular</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy House of Loretto</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Carmel popup.html')">History of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Queenship of Mary.html">The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary </option> <option value="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</option> <option value="Lourdes Novena.html">Novena in Honor of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Bernadette</option> <option value="Lourdes a History.html">In Defense of the Miracles of Lourdes, A History of Its Apparitions and Cures</option> <option value="Bernadette\_Sequel.html">Inspirational Account of the Life of St. Bernadette and the Apparition of Lourdes</option> <option value="La Salette.html">Our Lady of La Salette</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</option> <option value="Mary Help of Christians.html">Mary Help of Christians</option> <option value="Our Lady of Perpetual Help.html">Perpetual Help</option> <option value="Immaculate Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary popup.html">Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="A Short Treatise on the Scapular.html">The Confraternity of Our Blessed Lady of Mount Carmel called the Scapular, 1850</option> <option value="Our Lady of Good Counsel.html">Our Lady of Good Counsel: Prayers, Litany and Book, "The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel"</option> <option value="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</option> <option value="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</option> <option value="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim and St. Anne, 1859</option> <option value="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal the Origin and History</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">St. Raphael the Archangel</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">O</font> God, Who gave blessed Raphael the Archangel to Tobias as his traveling companion, grant to us Thy servants that we also may be guarded by his care and receive the protection of his assistance. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> Ant. The angel Raphael was sent unto Tobias and Sara, to cure them. <br><br> The angel being entered in unto Tobias, saluted him, and said: Joy be ever with thee. <br><br> Be of good cheer. Tobias: for in a short time thou shalt be healed of God. <br><br> Bless ye the God of heaven, and confess to him in sight of all the living, for he hath wrought His mercy towards you. <br><br> Peace be unto you, fear not; bless ye God, and sing unto Him. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>his holy Archangel identified himself to the exiled Jew Tobias as "one of the Seven who stand before God" (Tob. 12:15). His name means the healing of God, and he is thought to be the Angel who came down and agitated the water of the pool of Bethsaida in Jerusalem. The sick, who always lay around the pool, strove to be the first to enter the water afterwards, because that fortunate one was always cured. We read of this in the story of the paralytic cured by Jesus, who had waited patiently for thirty-eight years, unable to move when the occasion presented itself. (Cf. John 5:1-9)<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Raphael is best known through the beautiful history of the two Tobias, father and son, exiled to Persia in the days of the Assyrian conquest in the eighth century before Christ. In their story, the Archangel plays the major role.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>he father Tobias was a faithful son of Jacob and was old and worn out by his manifold good works; for many years he had assisted his fellow exiles in every possible way, even burying the slain of Israel during a persecution by Sennacherib, and continuing this practice despite the wrath that king manifested towards him. Having been stripped of all his possessions, he desired to have his son recover a substantial sum of money he had once lent to a member of his family in a distant city. He needed a companion for the young Tobias. God provided that guide in the Archangel Raphael, whom the son met providentially one day, in the person of a stranger from the very area where he was to go, in the country of the Medes. Raphael to all appearances was a young man like himself, who said his name was Azarias (Assistance of God). Everything went well, as proposed; the young Tobias recovered the sum and then was married, during their stay in Media, to the virtuous daughter of another relative, whom Providence had reserved for him.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">A</font>ll aspects of this journey had been thorny with difficulties, but the wise guide had found a way to overcome all of them. When a huge fish threatened to devour Tobias, camped on the shores of the Tigris, the guide told him how to remove it from the water, and the fish expired at his feet; then remedies and provisions were derived from this creature by the directives of Azarias. When the Angel led Tobias for lodging in the city of Rages, to the house of his kinsman Raguel, father of the beautiful Sara, the young man learned that seven proposed husbands had died on the very day of the planned marriage. How would Tobias fare? The Angel reassured him that this would not be his own fate, and told him to pray with his future spouse for three nights, that they might be blessed with a holy posterity. Sara was an only daughter, as Tobias was an only son, and she was endowed with a large heritage.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">D</font>uring the absence of the young Tobias, his father had become blind when the droppings of a pigeon had fallen into his eyes. When the two travelers returned after an extended absence, which had cost his mother many tears, the young Tobias was deeply grieved to find his father unable to see him and his new daughter-in-law. But Raphael told the son how to cure his father's blindness by means of the gall of the fish; and after the remedy had proved efficacious, all of them rejoiced time in their blessings.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">W</font>hen Tobias the son narrated his story and told his father that all their benefits had come to them through this stranger, both father and son wished to give Azarias half of the inheritance. Raphael declined and revealed his identity, saying he was sent to assist the family of the man who had never failed to obey and honor the blessed God of Israel. Raphael, before he disappeared, said to the family: "It is honorable to reveal and confess the works of God. Prayer is good, with fasting and alms, more than to lay up treasures, for alms deliver from death and purge away sins, and cause the giver to find mercy and life everlasting... When thou didst pray with tears and didst bury the dead, and didst leave thy dinner to hide the dead by day in thy house, and bury them by night, I offered thy prayer to the Lord. And because thou wast acceptable to God, it was necessary that trials prove thee . . . I am the Angel Raphael, one of the seven who stand before the Lord." <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 23rd, the 20th Sunday After Pentecost</font> <br><br> <img src="Twentieth\_Sunday\_Miniature.jpg"><br><br> <i>The words of the Master: "Unless you see signs and wonders, you do not believe," apply to those Catholice who judge that the supernatural revelation of our religion lacks a solid foundation and thus an intelligent and modern man cannot give credence to revealed truths. "The days are evil." Numberless sins, committed daily on earth, cry to heaven for punishment. Let us appease God by leading a good Christian life. The Holy Sacraments are the medicine to "root out all vices from our hearts.</i> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Twentieth Sunday After Pentecost.html')">20th Sunday After Pentecost<br>Sickness: an Opportunity for Merit & the Dangers of Delaying Conversion</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Twentieth Sunday After Pentecost\_Gospel.html')">Twentieth Sunday After Pentecost: Instruction Concerning the Value of Time and Consolation in Sickness</a> <a href="Index for the Sick.html">Index of Prayers and <br>Devotions for the Sick</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</a> <a href="Conversion by Reverend Hayes.html"> True Conversion: One of the best sermons for hardened sinners</a> <a href="Conversion of St. Augustine.html">The Conversion of St. Augustine</a> <a href="Goffine\_Mass\_Parts.html">A Devout Guide to follow the Tridentine Latin Mass of Pope St. Pius V. Recommended for Those Who Cannot Attend Mass in Person. 18th Sunday After Pentecost</a> <a href="The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass.html">The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, Fr. O' Keeffe, 1891</a> <a href="Quo Primum.html">Papal Bull: Quo Primum, the Tridentine Mass for all Times</a> <a href="Why the Latin Mass.html">Why the Mass is in Latin</a> <a href="Catholic Worship.html">Catholic Worship, Explained</a> <a href="Mass at Home.html">Manner of Hearing Mass At Home: For those who on account of sickness, old age, or for other proper reasons cannot assist at holy Mass, especially on Sundays and Holidays</a> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <br><br> <i>Related links for the Sacrament of Penance</i> <br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="">Select from the Following:</option> <option value="Examine%20Index.html">Examination of Conscience</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On the Vice of Impurity.html#Idolatry')">The Idolatry of the Creature Due to Impurity</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Unchaste Thoughts and Desires.html')">Moral Teaching on Unchaste Thoughts and Desires and Prayers to Overcome Temptations</option> <option value="Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Sacrament of Penance</option> <option value="Confession Q and A.html">The Sacrament of Penance, All of Your Questions Answered</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon\_Confession.html')">On the Benefits of a Good Confession</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Turning from Sin.html')">Two Short Sermons: <br>On Turning from Sin to God <br> The Sentiments of a Penitent Sinner</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Relapse into Sin popup.html')">Causes of Relapse into Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Preparation\_Repentance\_Confession.html')"> On the Preparation Necessary to <br>Make a Good Confession<br><br> On Motives for Repentance and Contrition <br>Necessary for a Good Confession</option> <option value="Self-Examination.html">The Necessity of Self-Examination</option> <option value="Examine 9.html">The Seven Deadly Sins, Nine Ways to Being an Accessory to Another's Sin, Sins Against the Holy Spirit</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Exposition on the Sixth Commandment.html')">The Sixth Commandment: Explained by St. Thomas Aquinas</option> <option value="Ritual%20of%20the%20Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Rite of Confession </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Thirteenth Sunday After Pentecost.html#General Confession')">General Confession</option> <option value="The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin Liguori.html">The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin<br>by St. Alphonsus Liguori</option> <option value="Contrition.html">Contrition</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment.html')">Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment</option> <option value="False Peace Sinful Conscience.html">The False Peace of a Sinful Conscience, by Fr. Hunolt, 1691-1746</option> <option value="Render Our Account.html">Render an Account of Your Life: A Must Read for Every Soul </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Sinner seeks God.html')">The Sinner will Seek God at Death</option> <option value="St. Alphonsu the number of sins.html">On the Number of Sins, by St. Aphonsus Di Liguori</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="Penitent%27s%20Prayer.html">Penitent's Consolation</option> <option value="Sin.html">The Nature of Sin</option> <option value="Folly of Sin.html">The Folly of Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Venial Sins.html')">On Not Making Light of Venial Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Multitude\_of\_Sins.html')">On the Multitude of Our Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon\_Mortal Sin.html')"><br>On the Horror of Mortal Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Spiritual Murder.html')">On Spiritual Murder</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Thursday\_First\_Week\_Lent.html')">Examination of Our Duties <br>and State of Life</option> <option value="Conscience.html">Conscience</option> <option value="Ten%20Commandments%20Index.html">Index of the Ten Commandments</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners.html')">The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners</option> <option value="The Sinners Guide.html">The Sinner's Guide <br>by Ven. Louis of Granada, O.P.</option> <option value="Childrens Confession.html">Catholic Instruction for Children for the Sacrament of Penance, 1897</option> </option></select> </form> <br><br> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 22nd, Ferial Day</font> <br><br> <a href="Immaculate%20Heart%20of%20Mary.html#OLS">Our Lady's Saturday</a> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</a> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#First Saturday">Five First Saturdays</a> <a href="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary; Fatima and the Rosary</a> <a href="Remodel\_your\_home.html">Remodel Your Home After Mary's Heart</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Manning\_Revolt\_Society.html')">The Revolt of Society from God</a> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Short Sermons\_Time.html')">2 Short Sermons: On Time and Eternity and On the Good Employment of Time</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('time.html')">Time is No More</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('The Value of Time.html')">The Value of Time by St. Alphonsus Liguori</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <br><br> <i>Related links for the Sacrament of Penance</i> <br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="">Select from the Following:</option> <option value="Examine%20Index.html">Examination of Conscience</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On the Vice of Impurity.html#Idolatry')">The Idolatry of the Creature Due to Impurity</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Unchaste Thoughts and Desires.html')">Moral Teaching on Unchaste Thoughts and Desires and Prayers to Overcome Temptations</option> <option value="Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Sacrament of Penance</option> <option value="Confession Q and A.html">The Sacrament of Penance, All of Your Questions Answered</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon\_Confession.html')">On the Benefits of a Good Confession</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Turning from Sin.html')">Two Short Sermons: <br>On Turning from Sin to God <br> The Sentiments of a Penitent Sinner</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Relapse into Sin popup.html')">Causes of Relapse into Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Preparation\_Repentance\_Confession.html')"> On the Preparation Necessary to <br>Make a Good Confession<br><br> On Motives for Repentance and Contrition <br>Necessary for a Good Confession</option> <option value="Self-Examination.html">The Necessity of Self-Examination</option> <option value="Examine 9.html">The Seven Deadly Sins, Nine Ways to Being an Accessory to Another's Sin, Sins Against the Holy Spirit</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Exposition on the Sixth Commandment.html')">The Sixth Commandment: Explained by St. Thomas Aquinas</option> <option value="Ritual%20of%20the%20Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Rite of Confession </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Thirteenth Sunday After Pentecost.html#General Confession')">General Confession</option> <option value="The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin Liguori.html">The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin<br>by St. Alphonsus Liguori</option> <option value="Contrition.html">Contrition</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment.html')">Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment</option> <option value="False Peace Sinful Conscience.html">The False Peace of a Sinful Conscience, by Fr. Hunolt, 1691-1746</option> <option value="Render Our Account.html">Render an Account of Your Life: A Must Read for Every Soul </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Sinner seeks God.html')">The Sinner will Seek God at Death</option> <option value="St. Alphonsu the number of sins.html">On the Number of Sins, by St. Aphonsus Di Liguori</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="Penitent%27s%20Prayer.html">Penitent's Consolation</option> <option value="Sin.html">The Nature of Sin</option> <option value="Folly of Sin.html">The Folly of Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Venial Sins.html')">On Not Making Light of Venial Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Multitude\_of\_Sins.html')">On the Multitude of Our Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon\_Mortal Sin.html')"><br>On the Horror of Mortal Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Spiritual Murder.html')">On Spiritual Murder</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Thursday\_First\_Week\_Lent.html')">Examination of Our Duties <br>and State of Life</option> <option value="Conscience.html">Conscience</option> <option value="Ten%20Commandments%20Index.html">Index of the Ten Commandments</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners.html')">The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners</option> <option value="The Sinners Guide.html">The Sinner's Guide <br>by Ven. Louis of Granada, O.P.</option> <option value="Childrens Confession.html">Catholic Instruction for Children for the Sacrament of Penance, 1897</option> </option></select> </form> <br><br> <i>A Prayer for Deceased Parents</i><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">O</font> God, Who hast commanded us to honor our father and our mother, in Thy mercy have pity on the souls of my father and mother, and forgive them their trespasses, and make me to see them again in the joy of everlasting brightness. Through Christ Our Lord. Amen <br><br> <i>A Prayer for the Souls in Purgatory</i><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">O</font> most gentle Heart of Jesus, ever present in the Blessed Sacrament, ever consumed with burning love for the poor captive souls in Purgatory, have mercy on the souls of Thy departed servants. Be not severe in Thy judgments, buy let some drops of Thy Precious Blood fall upon the devouring flames. And do Thou, O Merciful Saviour, send Thy holy angels to conduct them to a place of refreshment, light and peace. Amen <br><br> <i>During this month of October, <br>please visit the links dedicated <br>to the Rosary and Our Lady</i><br><br> <form> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <option value="Index.html">The Rosary & Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</option> <option value="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the Recitation of the Rosary</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Prayers of Our Ladyof the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</option> <option value="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</option> <option value="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</option> <option value="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</option> <option value="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</option> <option value="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</option> <option value="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Ave Maris Stella.html">Ave Maris Stella</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</option> <option value="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Ransom.html')">Our Lady of Ransom</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</option> <option value="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Annunciation Weninger.html')">Sermons of Fr. Weninger for the Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Annunciation.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of the Annunciation</option> <option value="Purification.html">The Purification of the Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('The Humility of Mary.html')">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <option value="Assumption.html">The Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Weninger Sermons.html')">Octave of the Assumption 3 Sermons by Fr.Weninger</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Assumption by St. Alphonsus.html')">The Dormition and Assumption of the B.V.M.</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Life of Mary Litany.html')"> Assumption: Additional Prayers and Devotions</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Vigil of the Assumption.html')">Vigil of the Assumption</option> <option value="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queenship of Mary popup.html')">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Octave Gueranger.html')">2nd - 4th Days within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Octave of the Immaculate Conception Weninger.html')"> Octave of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</option> <option value="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary The Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate\_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</option> <option value="Presentation of Mary.html">I. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Seven Dolors.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   I.</option> <option value="Sorrowful Mother.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   II.</option> <option value="Novena of the Seven Sorrows.html">Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Seven Dolours Sermon.html')">Our Lady of Sorrows</option> <option value="The Sweetness of the Name of Mary.html">The Sweetness of theName of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Novena in Honor of the Holy Name of Mary and Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Holy Name of Mary.html">The Holy Name of Mary</option> <option value="Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">The Nativity of the BlessedVirgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Novena.html')">Novena of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">The Feast of the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Novena.html')">Novena for the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Snows.html')">Our Lady of the Snows </option> <option value="Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Novena Our Lady of Mount Carmel.html">Novena to Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Feast of the Scapular.html">The Feast of the Scapular</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy House of Loretto</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Carmel popup.html')">History of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Queenship of Mary.html">The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary </option> <option value="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</option> <option value="Lourdes Novena.html">Novena in Honor of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Bernadette</option> <option value="Lourdes a History.html">In Defense of the Miracles of Lourdes, A History of Its Apparitions and Cures</option> <option value="Bernadette\_Sequel.html">Inspirational Account of the Life of St. Bernadette and the Apparition of Lourdes</option> <option value="La Salette.html">Our Lady of La Salette</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</option> <option value="Mary Help of Christians.html">Mary Help of Christians</option> <option value="Our Lady of Perpetual Help.html">Perpetual Help</option> <option value="Immaculate Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary popup.html">Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="A Short Treatise on the Scapular.html">The Confraternity of Our Blessed Lady of Mount Carmel called the Scapular, 1850</option> <option value="Our Lady of Good Counsel.html">Our Lady of Good Counsel: Prayers, Litany and Book, "The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel"</option> <option value="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</option> <option value="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</option> <option value="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim and St. Anne, 1859</option> <option value="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal the Origin and History</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="3">On the great affair of salvation</font> by St. Alphonsus Liguori <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>he affair of our eternal salvation is of all others the most important. But how comes it that men use all diligence to succeed in the affairs of this world, leave no means untried to obtain a desirable situation, to gain a law-suit, or to bring about a marriage, reject no counsels, neglect no measures by which to secure their object, neither eat nor sleep, and yet do nothing to gain eternal salvation,--nothing to gain it but every thing to forfeit it, as though hell, heaven and eternity were not articles of faith, but only fables and lies? O God, assist me by thy divine light; suffer me not to be any longer blinded, as I hitherto have been.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">I</font>f an accident happen to a house, what is not immediately done to repair it? If a jewel be lost, what is not done to recover it? The soul is lost, the grace of God is lost, and men sleep and smile! We attend most carefully to our temporal welfare, and almost entirely neglect our eternal salvation! We call those happy who have renounced all things for God; why then are we so much attached to earthly things? O Jesus, thou hast so much desired my salvation as to shed thy blood and lay down thy life to secure it; and I have been so indifferent as to the preservation of thy grace as to renounce and forfeit it for a mere nothing! I am sorry, O Lord, for having thus dishonoured thee. I will renounce all things to attend only to Thy love, my God, who art most worthy of all love.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>he Son of God gives His life to save our souls; the devil is most deligent in his endeavours to bring them to eternal ruin: and do we take no care of them? St. Philip Neri convicts that man of the height of folly who is inattentive to the salvation of his soul. Let us arouse our faith: it is certain that, after this short life, another life awaits us, which will be either eternally happy or eternally miserable. God has given us to choose which we will: Hefore man is life and death that which he shall choose shall be given him. Eccl. xv. 18. Ah! let us make such a choice now as we shall not have to repent of for all eternity. O God, make me sensible of the great wrong I have done thee in offending thee and renouncing thee for the love of creatures. I am sorry with my whole heart for having despised Thee, my sovereign good; do not reject me now that I return to Thee. I love Thee above all things, and for the future I will lose all things rather than forfeit Thy grace. Through the love which Thou hast shown me in dying for me, succour me with Thy help, and do not abandon me. O Mary, mother of God, be you my advocate. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 21st,<br>St. Hilarion, Abbot; St. Ursula and Companions, Virgins and Martyrs</font><br><br> <img src="Saint of the Day 10.21.08.jpg"><br><br> <br><br> <i>Related Links for St. Ursula</i> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Hilarion and Ursula.html#Ursula')">St. Ursula and Companions, Virgins and Martyrs</a> <a href="Holy Purity.html">Holy Purity</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('The Virtue of Chastity.html')"> Prayers for the Preservation of Chastity. An Explanation and Defense of the Virtue of Chastity</a> <br><br> <a href="Sacred Heart Enthronement.html">The Enthronement of the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <a href="Devotions to the Sacred Heart.html#Reparation">Act of Reparation to the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <a href="Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus.html">Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>During this month of October, <br>please visit the links dedicated <br>to the Rosary and Our Lady</i><br><br> <form> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <option value="Index.html">The Rosary & Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</option> <option value="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the Recitation of the Rosary</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Prayers of Our Ladyof the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</option> <option value="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</option> <option value="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</option> <option value="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</option> <option value="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</option> <option value="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</option> <option value="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Ave Maris Stella.html">Ave Maris Stella</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</option> <option value="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Ransom.html')">Our Lady of Ransom</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</option> <option value="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Annunciation Weninger.html')">Sermons of Fr. Weninger for the Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Annunciation.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of the Annunciation</option> <option value="Purification.html">The Purification of the Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('The Humility of Mary.html')">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <option value="Assumption.html">The Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Weninger Sermons.html')">Octave of the Assumption 3 Sermons by Fr.Weninger</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Assumption by St. Alphonsus.html')">The Dormition and Assumption of the B.V.M.</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Life of Mary Litany.html')"> Assumption: Additional Prayers and Devotions</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Vigil of the Assumption.html')">Vigil of the Assumption</option> <option value="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queenship of Mary popup.html')">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Octave Gueranger.html')">2nd - 4th Days within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Octave of the Immaculate Conception Weninger.html')"> Octave of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</option> <option value="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary The Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate\_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</option> <option value="Presentation of Mary.html">I. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Seven Dolors.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   I.</option> <option value="Sorrowful Mother.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   II.</option> <option value="Novena of the Seven Sorrows.html">Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Seven Dolours Sermon.html')">Our Lady of Sorrows</option> <option value="The Sweetness of the Name of Mary.html">The Sweetness of theName of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Novena in Honor of the Holy Name of Mary and Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Holy Name of Mary.html">The Holy Name of Mary</option> <option value="Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">The Nativity of the BlessedVirgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Novena.html')">Novena of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">The Feast of the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Novena.html')">Novena for the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Snows.html')">Our Lady of the Snows </option> <option value="Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Novena Our Lady of Mount Carmel.html">Novena to Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Feast of the Scapular.html">The Feast of the Scapular</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy House of Loretto</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Carmel popup.html')">History of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Queenship of Mary.html">The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary </option> <option value="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</option> <option value="Lourdes Novena.html">Novena in Honor of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Bernadette</option> <option value="Lourdes a History.html">In Defense of the Miracles of Lourdes, A History of Its Apparitions and Cures</option> <option value="Bernadette\_Sequel.html">Inspirational Account of the Life of St. Bernadette and the Apparition of Lourdes</option> <option value="La Salette.html">Our Lady of La Salette</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</option> <option value="Mary Help of Christians.html">Mary Help of Christians</option> <option value="Our Lady of Perpetual Help.html">Perpetual Help</option> <option value="Immaculate Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary popup.html">Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="A Short Treatise on the Scapular.html">The Confraternity of Our Blessed Lady of Mount Carmel called the Scapular, 1850</option> <option value="Our Lady of Good Counsel.html">Our Lady of Good Counsel: Prayers, Litany and Book, "The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel"</option> <option value="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</option> <option value="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</option> <option value="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim and St. Anne, 1859</option> <option value="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal the Origin and History</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> </select> </form> <br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">G</font>rant, we beseech thee, O Lord our God, that we may reverence with unceasing devotion the triumphs of the holy Virgins and Martyrs Ursula and her Companions: and although we cannot pay them the honor that is their due, let us at least present to them our humble service. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> (Roman Breviary)<br><br> </i> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Ursula was born in Great Britain of Christian parents; her father, Maurus, was king of Cornubia in Scotland. Ursula was sought in marriage by a young pagan prince, but had already vowed her life and her heart to Jesus Christ.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">I</font>n the year 383 she was boarded onto a boat with a large number of young girls and Christian women whom a Roman conqueror wished to give as wives to his soldiers, after having endowed them with rich terrains. But during the crossing of the Channel a storm arose, and the ships, instead of reaching western Gaul, were driven towards the mouth of the Rhine. The Huns who at that time were ravaging Europe saw the ships, and were making ready to pillage them and inflict on these virgins and women a dishonor more dreaded by them than death. Commanded by Ursula, they resisted heroically and so well that suddenly the sentiments of the barbarians changed. They took up their arms to be rid of this peaceful army. Soon the victims fell under the blows of the executioners, and their souls winged their way to heaven.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>he prince of the Huns, struck by Ursula's beauty, spared her at first; he tried to console her for the death of her companions and promised to marry her. When she did not assent he shot her with an arrow, and this consecrated virgin fell with the others. She was considered the leader of the eleven thousand brought by the Romans from Great Britain. Many churches have relics of this army of martyrs, but no region is more richly endowed than that of Cologne, since it is to that city that the Christians of the region devotedly carried the mortal remains of the martyrs.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">I</font>n the seventh century a magnificent church rose over their tomb, whose walls itself served as reliquaries. This holy cemetery has been rendered illustrious by many miracles. Pilgrims and especially young girls have come from all over Europe, to beg protection for their virginity from Saint Ursula and her companions. The very arrow which pierced Saint Ursula is still conserved there. A religious, who had great devotion to these martyrs, had fallen dangerously ill; a virgin appeared to him and said: "I am one of the virgins whom you honor. To reward you for the eleven thousand Our Father's you recited to honor us, you will have our assistance at the hour of death." And soon the glorious troop came to escort his soul. Saint Ursula is the patron of young teachers, and many congregations of nuns, dedicated to education, bear her name. <br><br><br><hr><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 21st,<br> St. Hilarion, Abbot</font> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Hilarion and Ursula.html')">St. Hilarion Abbot</a> <a href="St. Hilarion.html">St. Hilarion's miracles and combats with devils as written by St. Jerome</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Vianney The Bad Death.html')">The Bad Death</a> <a href="Lead us not into Temptation.html">Part 2:  Lead us not into <br>            Temptation</a> <a href="Devils who Tempt.html">Part 3:  Temptations and the <br>            Devils who Tempt</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Vianney Beware if you have no Temptations.html')">Beware if you       <br>have no Temptations       </a> <a href="Protection of the Holy Angels Against the Devils.html"> Part 5:  The Devils Plan to Ruin Souls and the Protection of the Holy Angels</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Unchaste Thoughts and Desires.html')">Moral Teaching on Unchaste Thoughts and Desires</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">M</font>ay the intercession of the blessed Abbot Hilarion procure favor for us, we beseech Thee, O Lord: that we may gain, by his patronage, those things of which we are not capable by our own merits. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> Ant. O ye wise Virgins, trim your lamps: behold the Bridegroom cometh, go ye forth to meet Him. <br><br> V. After her shall Virigns be brought to the King. <br><br> R. Her neighbors shall be brought to thee. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Hilarion was born of pagan parents near Gaza, and was converted while studying grammar in Alexandria. He renounced games, the theater and all the vain amusements of young people, to attend the reunions of his fellow Christians. He desired to see the great Saint Anthony in the desert and went to Egypt, where he remained near him for two months. He carefully observed everything in his life and conduct -- his affability, his gentleness towards others and his severity towards himself, then returned to Palestine with a few solitaries to settle his affairs. His father and mother had both died, and he kept nothing of his heritage for himself. At this time he was only fifteen years old.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">D</font>espite his youth and delicate health, he retired to a desert; he practiced severe mortification, tempted continually by the demons expending all their efforts to make him abandon this life of total renouncement. He redoubled his austerities, tilled the ground and, following the example of the Egyptian monks, made baskets of reeds and willow branches. He lived first in a cabin of reeds, then in one of clay, so low and narrow that it seemed more like a tomb than a lodging for a young man. He learned all of Holy Scripture by heart and repeated it with admirable devotion. When thieves approached him one day he told them he did not fear them, because he had nothing to lose, and death did not alarm him since he was ready to die. They were so touched by his answers they promised him to abandon their life of pillage.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">H</font>e soon began to work miracles by his prayers, and visitors made their way to his former solitude. Several remained nearby to become his disciples, and thus gave rise to the monastic life in Palestine, of which Hilarion is regarded as the founder. Saint Anthony esteemed him highly, sometimes wrote him letters, and sent to him the sick persons who came to him from Syria, telling them they had no need to make so long a journey. Saint Hilarion was a master exorcist and healer of all illnesses, but he refused all remuneration for his assistance, saying to his visitors from the city that they were better placed than he to distribute in alms the money they were offering him. Frequently the scattered solitaries of Palestine came to him to listen to his instructions, and he also visited them. The pagans too gathered around him. His exhortations to abandon idolatry were so powerful that on one occasion a group of Saracens promised to convert, asking him to send them a priest to baptize them and establish a church. One day, accompanied by three thousand persons who were following him, he blessed the vine of a solitary who received him. The vine furnished a triple harvest and all in the crowd were well nourished.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Hilarion found his solitude transformed into a city, and decided at the age of sixty-five to go elsewhere. His Palestinian disciples attempted to change his mind without success, and taking with him only forty monks, he set out for Egypt on foot. Saint Anthony had recently died, and he wished to visit the places where he had dwelt. After spending some time in Egypt, he went with only two religious to a village a few days' distance from Babylon. He remained only a short time there also, afterwards going elsewhere, and everywhere assisting those who had recourse to his prayers. In Sicily he delivered a demoniac, and then a crowd came to surround him once again. In Dalmatia he worked still more miracles, and saved a city from being engulfed by tidal waves raised by an earthquake. These traditions are still alive in the regions where he passed. He tried many times to live unknown but never could succeed.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Hilarion died in 372 on the island of Cyprus, at the age of seventy years. His last words were: "Go forth, my soul; why dost thou doubt? Nigh seventy years hast thou served God, and dost thou fear death?" His body was found incorrupt some time afterwards, and was transported to Palestine to his original monastery. Saint Jerome was his original biographer. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 20th, St. John Cantius, Confessor</font> <br><br> <img src="Saint of the Day 10.20.08.jpg"><br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. John Cantius.html')">St. John Cantius, Confessor</a> <a href="Corporal Works of Mercy.html">The Corporal Works of Mercy</a> <a href="Instruction for Children.html">On the Mode of Teaching Christian Doctrine to Children</a> <br><br> <i>St. John Cantius was devoted to Passion of Christ. The Litany of the Passion is included in the following link.</i> <br><br> <a href="Passion of Christ.html">The Passion of Christ</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br><br> <i>During this month of October, <br>please visit the links dedicated <br>to the Rosary and Our Lady</i><br><br> <form> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <option value="Index.html">The Rosary & Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</option> <option value="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the Recitation of the Rosary</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Prayers of Our Ladyof the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</option> <option value="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</option> <option value="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</option> <option value="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</option> <option value="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</option> <option value="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</option> <option value="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Ave Maris Stella.html">Ave Maris Stella</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</option> <option value="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Ransom.html')">Our Lady of Ransom</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</option> <option value="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Annunciation Weninger.html')">Sermons of Fr. Weninger for the Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Annunciation.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of the Annunciation</option> <option value="Purification.html">The Purification of the Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('The Humility of Mary.html')">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <option value="Assumption.html">The Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Weninger Sermons.html')">Octave of the Assumption 3 Sermons by Fr.Weninger</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Assumption by St. Alphonsus.html')">The Dormition and Assumption of the B.V.M.</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Life of Mary Litany.html')"> Assumption: Additional Prayers and Devotions</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Vigil of the Assumption.html')">Vigil of the Assumption</option> <option value="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queenship of Mary popup.html')">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Octave Gueranger.html')">2nd - 4th Days within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Octave of the Immaculate Conception Weninger.html')"> Octave of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</option> <option value="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary The Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate\_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</option> <option value="Presentation of Mary.html">I. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Seven Dolors.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   I.</option> <option value="Sorrowful Mother.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   II.</option> <option value="Novena of the Seven Sorrows.html">Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Seven Dolours Sermon.html')">Our Lady of Sorrows</option> <option value="The Sweetness of the Name of Mary.html">The Sweetness of theName of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Novena in Honor of the Holy Name of Mary and Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Holy Name of Mary.html">The Holy Name of Mary</option> <option value="Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">The Nativity of the BlessedVirgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Novena.html')">Novena of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">The Feast of the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Novena.html')">Novena for the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Snows.html')">Our Lady of the Snows </option> <option value="Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Novena Our Lady of Mount Carmel.html">Novena to Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Feast of the Scapular.html">The Feast of the Scapular</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy House of Loretto</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Carmel popup.html')">History of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Queenship of Mary.html">The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary </option> <option value="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</option> <option value="Lourdes Novena.html">Novena in Honor of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Bernadette</option> <option value="Lourdes a History.html">In Defense of the Miracles of Lourdes, A History of Its Apparitions and Cures</option> <option value="Bernadette\_Sequel.html">Inspirational Account of the Life of St. Bernadette and the Apparition of Lourdes</option> <option value="La Salette.html">Our Lady of La Salette</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</option> <option value="Mary Help of Christians.html">Mary Help of Christians</option> <option value="Our Lady of Perpetual Help.html">Perpetual Help</option> <option value="Immaculate Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary popup.html">Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="A Short Treatise on the Scapular.html">The Confraternity of Our Blessed Lady of Mount Carmel called the Scapular, 1850</option> <option value="Our Lady of Good Counsel.html">Our Lady of Good Counsel: Prayers, Litany and Book, "The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel"</option> <option value="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</option> <option value="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</option> <option value="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim and St. Anne, 1859</option> <option value="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal the Origin and History</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> </select> </form> <br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">St. John Cantius, Confessor</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">G</font>rant, we beseech Thee, Almighty God, that by the example of thy Confessor John, we may advance in the science of the saints, and by showing mercy to others, through his merits win forgiveness from Thee. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> Ant. This man, despising the world and triumphing over earthly things, hath laid up treasure in heaven by world and deed. <br><br> V. The Lord conducted the just through the right ways. <br><br> R. And showed him the kingdom of God. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint John was born at Kenty in Poland in 1403. He studied philosophy and theology at the University of Cracow with great intelligence, industry, and success, while his modesty and virtue drew all hearts to him. After earning his degrees, he was appointed to the Chair of Theology at the university. He inflamed his hearers with the desire of every kind of piety, no less by his deeds than by his words. He was ordained a priest and was for a short time in charge of a parish, where he manifested great concern for the poor, at his own expense. At the University's request, he resumed the professor's Chair and taught there until his holy death.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">H</font>e found a poor man on the snow one day, dying of hunger and cold; he clothed him in his own frock and took him to the rectory, to eat at his table. Afterwards, for many years, every professor of the College of Varsovie was obliged, once every year, to invite a poor man to dine with him.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">H</font>e made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, preaching along the way to the Turks, and hoping for the grace of martyrdom. He went four times to Rome to visit the tombs of the Apostles and pay honor to the Holy See, desiring thereby to be spared the pains of purgatory. He always traveled on foot, carrying his own effects. Robbed one day by bandits, he forgot he had a few gold pieces sewn into his cloak; he soon remembered and called them back to give them to his benefactors. They were so astonished they refused to accept the offering, and even returned to him what they had taken.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint John Cantius wrote on the walls of his residence some verses which showed the horror he had for the vice of backbiting or detraction, talking without cause of our neighbor's faults. He slept very little and often spent entire nights praying before a crucifix. After his classes he went to pray before the Blessed Sacrament in a church. Before his death, he gave absolutely everything he still had to the poor. He died in 1473, at the age of seventy-six years. The purple robe which he had worn as a Doctor was religiously conserved and always given to the venerable Head of the School of Philosophy on the day of his reception; and a promise was required of the teachers there, to imitate the virtues of this beloved Saint. He is a patron of both Poland and Lithuania; Clement XIII canonized him in 1767. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 19th, St. Peter of Alcantara, Confessor</font><br><br> <img src="Saint of the Day 10.19.08.jpg"><br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Peter Alcantara.html')">St. Peter of Alcantara, Confessor</a> <a href="A Golden Treastise of Mental Prayer.html">The Life of St. Peter Alcantara and his Golden Treastise of Mental Prayer</a> <a href="http://catholicharboroffaithandmorals.com/Prayer.html">What we should pray for</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon\_Prayer.html')">Sermon on Prayer<br></a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Second\_Week\_Lent\_Prayer.html')">Short Sermons on Prayer: <br>Necessity of Prayer <br>Attention in Prayer <br>Conditions of Prayer <br>Fervour in Prayer <br>Mental Prayer </a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon\_Fast from Heart.html')">How to Fast from the Heart</a> <a href="http://catholicharboroffaithandmorals.com/Litany%20of%20Penance.html">Litany of Penance</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Sermon Mortification.html')">The Necessity of Mortification</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_One\_Thing\_Narrow\_Gate.html')">Two Short Sermons: One Thing Necessary and Strive to Enter by the Narrow Gate</a> <a href="Communion.html#Prayer">Spiritual Communion</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br><br> <i>During this month of October, <br>please visit the links dedicated <br>to the Rosary and Our Lady</i><br><br> <form> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <option value="Index.html">The Rosary & Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</option> <option value="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the Recitation of the Rosary</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Prayers of Our Ladyof the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</option> <option value="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</option> <option value="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</option> <option value="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</option> <option value="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</option> <option value="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</option> <option value="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Ave Maris Stella.html">Ave Maris Stella</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</option> <option value="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Ransom.html')">Our Lady of Ransom</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</option> <option value="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Annunciation Weninger.html')">Sermons of Fr. Weninger for the Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Annunciation.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of the Annunciation</option> <option value="Purification.html">The Purification of the Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('The Humility of Mary.html')">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <option value="Assumption.html">The Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Weninger Sermons.html')">Octave of the Assumption 3 Sermons by Fr.Weninger</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Assumption by St. Alphonsus.html')">The Dormition and Assumption of the B.V.M.</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Life of Mary Litany.html')"> Assumption: Additional Prayers and Devotions</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Vigil of the Assumption.html')">Vigil of the Assumption</option> <option value="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queenship of Mary popup.html')">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Octave Gueranger.html')">2nd - 4th Days within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Octave of the Immaculate Conception Weninger.html')"> Octave of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</option> <option value="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary The Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate\_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</option> <option value="Presentation of Mary.html">I. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Seven Dolors.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   I.</option> <option value="Sorrowful Mother.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   II.</option> <option value="Novena of the Seven Sorrows.html">Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Seven Dolours Sermon.html')">Our Lady of Sorrows</option> <option value="The Sweetness of the Name of Mary.html">The Sweetness of theName of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Novena in Honor of the Holy Name of Mary and Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Holy Name of Mary.html">The Holy Name of Mary</option> <option value="Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">The Nativity of the BlessedVirgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Novena.html')">Novena of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">The Feast of the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Novena.html')">Novena for the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Snows.html')">Our Lady of the Snows </option> <option value="Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Novena Our Lady of Mount Carmel.html">Novena to Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Feast of the Scapular.html">The Feast of the Scapular</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy House of Loretto</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Carmel popup.html')">History of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Queenship of Mary.html">The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary </option> <option value="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</option> <option value="Lourdes Novena.html">Novena in Honor of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Bernadette</option> <option value="Lourdes a History.html">In Defense of the Miracles of Lourdes, A History of Its Apparitions and Cures</option> <option value="Bernadette\_Sequel.html">Inspirational Account of the Life of St. Bernadette and the Apparition of Lourdes</option> <option value="La Salette.html">Our Lady of La Salette</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</option> <option value="Mary Help of Christians.html">Mary Help of Christians</option> <option value="Our Lady of Perpetual Help.html">Perpetual Help</option> <option value="Immaculate Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary popup.html">Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="A Short Treatise on the Scapular.html">The Confraternity of Our Blessed Lady of Mount Carmel called the Scapular, 1850</option> <option value="Our Lady of Good Counsel.html">Our Lady of Good Counsel: Prayers, Litany and Book, "The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel"</option> <option value="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</option> <option value="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</option> <option value="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim and St. Anne, 1859</option> <option value="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal the Origin and History</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> </select> </form> <br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">St. Peter of Alcantara, Confessor</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">O</font> God Who didst vouchsafe to make blessed Peter, Thy Confessor, illustrious by the grace of marvelous penance and lofty contemplation: grant, we beseech Thee, that, by his merits which plead for us, we may so mortify our bodies as to embrace the more readily the things of heaven. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> Ant. I will liken him to a wise man that built his home upon a rock. <br><br> V. The Lord loved him and adorned him. <br><br> R. He clothed him with a robe of glory. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Peter was born in 1499 near the Portuguese border of Spain. While still a youth of sixteen, he left his home at Alcantara and entered a convent of Discalced Franciscans near Valencia. He rose quickly to high posts in the Order, as a guardian, a definitor, and then Superior of the Province of Saint Gabriel. But his thirst for penance was still unappeased, and in 1539, being then forty years old, he founded the Congregation of Saint Joseph of the "Strict Observance," to conserve the letter of the Rule of Saint Francis. He suffered great tribulations to conserve that Rule in its integrity. Eventually Saint Peter himself, the year before his death, raised it to the status of a province under obedience to the Minister General of the entire Seraphic Order. The Reform he instituted has since been extended even to the farthest Orient and the Indies; it is believed God ordained that it repair the ravages to the faith of the sixteenth century.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>he modesty of Saint Peter remains proverbial in the Franciscan Order; never did he raise his eyes to look at the non-essentials of his interior life with God. His fast was constant and severe; he lived perpetually on bread and water alone, even during his illnesses. He devised a sort of harness to keep him upright on his seat during the short hour and a half of sleep which he took every day, for forty years. He acknowledged to Saint Teresa of Avila that this mortification was the one which cost him the most. The cells of the friars of Saint Joseph resembled graves rather than dwelling-places. That of Saint Peter himself was four and a half feet in length, so that he could never lie down; his sackcloth habit and a cloak were his only garments; he never covered his head or feet. In the bitter winter he would open the door and window of his cell in order that, by closing them again, he might be grateful for the shelter of his cell. Among those whom he guided to perfection we may name Saint Teresa, who fully appreciated this remarkable director. He read her soul, approved her spirit of prayer, and strengthened her to carry out her reforms.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">E</font>verywhere he could do so, he planted crosses, for the Passion of Our Lord was engraved in his heart. Wherever they were to be placed, even on mountains, and however heavy they might be, he went to the destined sites carrying them on his shoulders. From these heights he would then preach the mysteries of the Cross, afterwards remaining in prayer there. Shepherds saw him several times in the air, at the height of the highest trees of the forests. Never did he go anywhere except on foot, even in his old age. He was often seen prostrated before a large crucifix, shedding torrents of tears; and he was found in ecstasy once at the height of the traverse of a crucifix. Saint Peter died at the age of sixty-three, repeating with the Psalmist, "I rejoiced when it was said unto me, let us go unto the house of the Lord!" The date was October 18, 1562; he was kneeling in prayer. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <A NAME="Refresh\_Luke"style="border-style: none"/></a> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 18th, St. Luke, Evangelist</font><br><br><br> <img src="Saint of the Day 10.18.08.jpg"><br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Luke Popup.html')">St. Luke, the Evangelist</a> <a href="The Labor of the Apostles Book.html">The Labor of the Apostles: <br>Their Teaching of the Nations</a> <a href="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Angelus\_2019.html')">The Angelus: Prayer, Explanation, Indulgences</a> <a href="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the <br>Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <br><br> <i>The Life of Our Savior Jesus Christ, from the Four Gospels, as Illustrated by James Tissot </i> <br><br> <a href="Tissot Illustrated Bible V1 Part1.html">Vol. 1, Part 1: The Holy Childhood of Jesus from the Latin Vulgate, as Illustrated by Catholic Artist and Historian, James Tissot, 1899</a> <a href="Tissot Illustrated Bible V1 Part2.html">Vol. 1, Part 2: The Ministry of Jesus Christ, as Illustrated by Catholic Artist and Historian, James Tissot, 1899</a> <a href="Tissot Illustrated Bible V2.html">Vol. 2: Parables and Teachings of Jesus Christ, as Illustrated by Catholic Artist and Historian, James Tissot, 1899</a> <a href="Tissot Illustrated Bible V3.html">Vol. 3: Holy Week and the Passion of Jesus Christ, as Illustrated by Catholic Artist and Historian, James Tissot, 1899</a> <a href="Tissot Illustrated Bible V4 Part1.html">Vol. 4 Part 1: The Passion Continued and the Death of Jesus Christ, as Illustrated by Catholic Artist and Historian, James Tissot, 1899</a> <a href="Tissot Illustrated Bible V4 Part2.html">Vol. 4 Part 2:The Resurrection and Ascension of Jesus Christ, as Illustrated by Catholic Artist and Historian, James Tissot, 1899</a> <a href="Catholic Bible Stories.html">Catholic Bible Stories</a> <a href="Jesus of Nazareth the Story of His Life.html">Jesus of Nazareth, the Story of His Life: A Catholic Children's Book, 1906</a> <a href="Index for the Sick.html">Index of Prayers and <br>Devotions for the Sick</a> <br><br> <i>Related Links:</i> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Self Interpretation of the Bible.html')">Refuting Protestant Errors of Private Interpretation</a> <a href="Oral Tradition Sacred Scripture and the Difficulties of Private Interpretation.html">A Series of Sermons in Defense of the Catholic Teaching on Oral Tradition, the Word of God, and Errors of Private Interpretation</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Matters of Faith Profession of Faith.html')">Are we bound to profess our Catholic Faith openly?</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>During this month of October, <br>please visit the links dedicated <br>to the Rosary and Our Lady</i><br><br> <form> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <option value="Index.html">The Rosary & Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</option> <option value="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the Recitation of the Rosary</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Prayers of Our Ladyof the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</option> <option value="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</option> <option value="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</option> <option value="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</option> <option value="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</option> <option value="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</option> <option value="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Ave Maris Stella.html">Ave Maris Stella</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</option> <option value="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Ransom.html')">Our Lady of Ransom</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</option> <option value="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Annunciation Weninger.html')">Sermons of Fr. Weninger for the Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Annunciation.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of the Annunciation</option> <option value="Purification.html">The Purification of the Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('The Humility of Mary.html')">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <option value="Assumption.html">The Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Weninger Sermons.html')">Octave of the Assumption 3 Sermons by Fr.Weninger</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Assumption by St. Alphonsus.html')">The Dormition and Assumption of the B.V.M.</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Life of Mary Litany.html')"> Assumption: Additional Prayers and Devotions</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Vigil of the Assumption.html')">Vigil of the Assumption</option> <option value="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queenship of Mary popup.html')">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Octave Gueranger.html')">2nd - 4th Days within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Octave of the Immaculate Conception Weninger.html')"> Octave of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</option> <option value="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary The Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate\_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</option> <option value="Presentation of Mary.html">I. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Seven Dolors.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   I.</option> <option value="Sorrowful Mother.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   II.</option> <option value="Novena of the Seven Sorrows.html">Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Seven Dolours Sermon.html')">Our Lady of Sorrows</option> <option value="The Sweetness of the Name of Mary.html">The Sweetness of theName of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Novena in Honor of the Holy Name of Mary and Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Holy Name of Mary.html">The Holy Name of Mary</option> <option value="Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">The Nativity of the BlessedVirgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Novena.html')">Novena of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">The Feast of the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Novena.html')">Novena for the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Snows.html')">Our Lady of the Snows </option> <option value="Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Novena Our Lady of Mount Carmel.html">Novena to Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Feast of the Scapular.html">The Feast of the Scapular</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy House of Loretto</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Carmel popup.html')">History of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Queenship of Mary.html">The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary </option> <option value="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</option> <option value="Lourdes Novena.html">Novena in Honor of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Bernadette</option> <option value="Lourdes a History.html">In Defense of the Miracles of Lourdes, A History of Its Apparitions and Cures</option> <option value="Bernadette\_Sequel.html">Inspirational Account of the Life of St. Bernadette and the Apparition of Lourdes</option> <option value="La Salette.html">Our Lady of La Salette</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</option> <option value="Mary Help of Christians.html">Mary Help of Christians</option> <option value="Our Lady of Perpetual Help.html">Perpetual Help</option> <option value="Immaculate Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary popup.html">Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="A Short Treatise on the Scapular.html">The Confraternity of Our Blessed Lady of Mount Carmel called the Scapular, 1850</option> <option value="Our Lady of Good Counsel.html">Our Lady of Good Counsel: Prayers, Litany and Book, "The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel"</option> <option value="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</option> <option value="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</option> <option value="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim and St. Anne, 1859</option> <option value="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal the Origin and History</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> </select> </form> <br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">St. Luke, Evangelist</font><br><br><br> <i> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">G</font>rant us, O Lord, we beseech Thee, the intercession of blessed Luke the Evangelist, who for love of Thy holy name bore continually in his body the mortification of the cross. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <br><br> R. There are they who, living in the flesh, planted the Church in the their blood: They drank the chalice of the Lord, and became the friends of God. <br><br> V. Their sound hath gone forth into all the earth, and their words unto the ends of the world. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Luke, a physician at Antioch and a painter, was also an excellent rhetorician in Greek, his native language. He became a disciple of Saint Paul, the Apostle's fellow-worker and his faithful friend during his two imprisonments, and is best known to us as the historian of the New Testament acts of both Christ and the Apostles. Though not an eye-witness of Our Lord's life, the meticulous Evangelist diligently gathered information from those who had followed or listened to Jesus of Nazareth, and wrote, as he tells us, all things in order. His command of Greek is much admired. Saint Clement of Alexandria, Saint Jerome and Saint Thomas Aquinas state that it is he who translated Saint Paul's famous Epistle to the Hebrews, written in the language of the Jerusalem Christians, into the admirable Greek which we presently possess as the only ancient version.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>he Acts of the Apostles were written by the Evangelist as a sequel to his Gospel, bringing the history of the Church down to the first imprisonment of Saint Paul in Rome, in the year 64. The humble historian never names himself, but by his occasional use of "we" instead of "he" or "they", we are able to detect his presence in the scenes of Saint Paul's life which he describes. We thus find that he sailed with Paul and Silas from Troas to Macedonia, where he remained behind, apparently, for seven years at Philippi. Finally, after remaining near Saint Paul during the time he was imprisoned in Palestine, he accompanied him, still a prisoner, when he was transported to Rome. Thus he shared the shipwreck and perils of that memorable voyage, narrated in Chapter 27 of Acts--which book no Christian should fail to read, along with the four Gospels. He then narrates the two years of Saint Paul's first imprisonment, ending in his liberation.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>here his narrative ends, but from Saint Paul's Epistles we learn that Saint Luke was his faithful companion to the last. His paintings of Our Lady are still conserved with care in a number of places in Europe. Saint Luke certainly learned from the Mother of Christ Herself, the story of the Annunciation, the Visitation, and the Angelic mission to the shepherds of Bethlehem. After the martyrdom of the Apostle to the Gentiles, Saint Epiphanus says that Saint Luke preached in Italy, Gaul, Dalmatia and Macedonia. Others say he went to Egypt and preached in the Thebaid, the region of the Fathers of the desert. Saint Hippolyte says he was crucified in Greece. His mortal remains were transferred to the Church of the Apostles, built by Constantine the Great at Constantinople, with those of Saint Andrew and Saint Timothy. Some of his relics remain in the Greek monastery of Mount Athos. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 17th, St. Margaret Mary Alacoque, Virgin</font><br><br> <img src="Sacred Heart Sidebar.jpg"><br><br> <a href="Life of Blessed Margaret Mary Alacoque.html">Life of Blessed Margaret Mary Alacoque</a> <a href="St.%20Margaret%20Mary%20Popup.html">St. Margaret Mary Alacoque I.</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html')">St. Margaret Mary Alacoque II.</a> <a href="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</a> <a href="Devotions to the Sacred Heart.html">Devotions to the Sacred Heart</a> <a href="Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus.html">Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <br><br> <i>The Novena to the Sacred Heart of Jesus along with many wonderful prayers and devotion can be found in the following book: The Manual of the Sacred Heart</i> <br><br> <a href="The Manual of the Sacred Heart.html">The Manual of the Sacred Heart</a> <br><br> <i>Related Links:</i> <br><br> <a href="Octave of the Sacred Heart.html">Litany of the Sacred Heart for each day of the week</a> <a href="Sacred Heart Feast.html">Feast of the Sacred Heart</a> <a href="Feast of the Sacred Heart Weninger.html">Feast of the Sacred Heart: Sermons by Fr. Weninger</a> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <br><br> <i>During this month of October, <br>please visit the links dedicated <br>to the Rosary and Our Lady</i><br><br> <form> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <option value="Index.html">The Rosary & Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</option> <option value="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the Recitation of the Rosary</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Prayers of Our Ladyof the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</option> <option value="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</option> <option value="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</option> <option value="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</option> <option value="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</option> <option value="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</option> <option value="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Ave Maris Stella.html">Ave Maris Stella</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</option> <option value="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Ransom.html')">Our Lady of Ransom</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</option> <option value="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Annunciation Weninger.html')">Sermons of Fr. Weninger for the Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Annunciation.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of the Annunciation</option> <option value="Purification.html">The Purification of the Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('The Humility of Mary.html')">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <option value="Assumption.html">The Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Weninger Sermons.html')">Octave of the Assumption 3 Sermons by Fr.Weninger</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Assumption by St. Alphonsus.html')">The Dormition and Assumption of the B.V.M.</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Life of Mary Litany.html')"> Assumption: Additional Prayers and Devotions</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Vigil of the Assumption.html')">Vigil of the Assumption</option> <option value="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queenship of Mary popup.html')">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Octave Gueranger.html')">2nd - 4th Days within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Octave of the Immaculate Conception Weninger.html')"> Octave of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</option> <option value="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary The Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate\_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</option> <option value="Presentation of Mary.html">I. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Seven Dolors.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   I.</option> <option value="Sorrowful Mother.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   II.</option> <option value="Novena of the Seven Sorrows.html">Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Seven Dolours Sermon.html')">Our Lady of Sorrows</option> <option value="The Sweetness of the Name of Mary.html">The Sweetness of theName of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Novena in Honor of the Holy Name of Mary and Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Holy Name of Mary.html">The Holy Name of Mary</option> <option value="Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">The Nativity of the BlessedVirgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Novena.html')">Novena of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">The Feast of the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Novena.html')">Novena for the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Snows.html')">Our Lady of the Snows </option> <option value="Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Novena Our Lady of Mount Carmel.html">Novena to Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Feast of the Scapular.html">The Feast of the Scapular</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy House of Loretto</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Carmel popup.html')">History of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Queenship of Mary.html">The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary </option> <option value="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</option> <option value="Lourdes Novena.html">Novena in Honor of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Bernadette</option> <option value="Lourdes a History.html">In Defense of the Miracles of Lourdes, A History of Its Apparitions and Cures</option> <option value="Bernadette\_Sequel.html">Inspirational Account of the Life of St. Bernadette and the Apparition of Lourdes</option> <option value="La Salette.html">Our Lady of La Salette</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</option> <option value="Mary Help of Christians.html">Mary Help of Christians</option> <option value="Our Lady of Perpetual Help.html">Perpetual Help</option> <option value="Immaculate Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary popup.html">Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="A Short Treatise on the Scapular.html">The Confraternity of Our Blessed Lady of Mount Carmel called the Scapular, 1850</option> <option value="Our Lady of Good Counsel.html">Our Lady of Good Counsel: Prayers, Litany and Book, "The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel"</option> <option value="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</option> <option value="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</option> <option value="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim and St. Anne, 1859</option> <option value="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal the Origin and History</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">St. Margaret Mary Alacoque, Virgin</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">O</font> Lord Jesus Christ, Who didst wondrously reveal to the Virgin blessed Margaret Mary, the unsearchable riches of Thy heart: grant by her merits, that we who love Thee after her example in all things and above all things, may obtain an everlasting abode in Thy heart. Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.    Amen.<br><br> <i> V. With thy comeliness and thy beauty. <br><br> R. Set out, proceed prosperously, and reign. <br><br> Ant. Come, Spouse of Christ, receive the crown, which the Lord hath prepared for thee for all eternity. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Margaret Mary, a soul of divine predilection, was born at Terreau in Burgundy, on July 22, 1647. During her infancy she showed a wonderfully sensitive revulsion to the very idea of sin, and while still a young child always recited the entire Rosary every day. She lost her father at the age of eight years, and her mother placed her with the Poor Clares. She was often sick and for four years was bedridden, losing almost entirely the use of her members. She made a vow to Our Lady to become one of Her daughters if She cured her, and was suddenly entirely well.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>he was of a happy temperament and her heart became easily attached to human affections. God began her purification when the charge of her mother's house was confided to persons who reduced the family to a sort of servitude. Margaret Mary turned to God for strength and consolation when she was accused of various crimes she had not committed. In short, the Saint of the Sacred Heart learned to suffer for Christ, with patience, what innocence can suffer in such situations.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>he desired to be a religious, but her mother could not bear to hear a word of that desire. Finally God came to her assistance through a Franciscan priest, who told her brother that he would answer to God for the vocation of his sister. In 1671 she entered the Order of the Visitation of Mary, at Paray-le-Monial, and was professed the following year. She followed all the practices of the monastery in perfect obedience, spending as much time as she could in the chapel with her Lord. After sanctifying her by many trials, Jesus appeared to her in numerous visions, displaying to her His Sacred Heart, sometimes burning as a furnace, and sometimes torn and bleeding on account of the coldness and sins of men. "Behold this Heart which has so loved men, and been so little loved by them in return!"<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">I</font>n 1675, she was told by Our Lord that she, with the aid of Father Claude de la Colombiere of the Society of Jesus, was to be His instrument for instituting the feast of the Sacred Heart, and for spreading that devotion everywhere. This was not accomplished without great sufferings. The good Jesuit did all in his power to make known and loved the Heart of Jesus, but when it seemed all obstacles were about to disappear, his credit diminished, and his Superiors sent him to England. He returned to France exhausted and soon died.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Margaret Mary was for a time Mistress of Novices, and in this office exercised a true apostolate, working to win for the Heart of Jesus the hearts of the young girls who were aspiring to religious consecration. She was persecuted when she sent one of them home, not having seen in her the indications of a genuine vocation; the family attempted to have her deposed. She remained in the charge but was deprived of Holy Communion on the First Friday of the month. This practice was one of Our Lord's specific requests; for souls who communicate nine First Fridays in succession, He promised the most wonderful graces. The demons also persecuted her visibly; nonetheless her entire Community was finally won over to devotion to the Divine Heart. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <A NAME="Sunday"style="border-style: none"/></a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 16th, Nineteenth Sunday After Pentecost</font><br><br> <img src="19th Sunday After Pentecost\_Miniature.jpg"><br><br> <i>There are those who scoff at religion and those who practice it; others who do not fulfill their religious duties, not even the most necessary duties; they live absorbed in their occupations or attracted by worldly diversions; they are Christians in name only. Without the garment of sanctifying grace, we cannot enter the kingdom of heaven. To die in the state of grace is a special gift for which we must pray and which God will certianly not deny us if we "ever cleave to the keeping of (His) commandments." </i> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Nineteenth Sunday After Pentecost.html')">19th Sunday After Pentecost<br>Marriage Feast: Many are called, but few are chosen.--Matt 22</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Nineteenth Sunday After Pentecost\_Gospel.html')">Nineteenth Sunday After Pentecost: Instruction Concerning Hell and the Joys of Heaven</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon 19th Sunday After Pentecost.html')">Children's Sermon for the 19th Sunday After Pentecost</a> <a href="The Sin Unto Death.html">The Sin Unto Death<br>by Cardinal Manning</a> <a href="Death.html">Death and the Importance of Salvation</a> <a href="Meditations on Saving Your Soul.html">Meditations on Saving Your Soul: Will it be Heaven or Hell?</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_One\_Thing\_Narrow\_Gate.html')">Two Short Sermons: One Thing Necessary and Strive to Enter by the Narrow Gate</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('God will punish you.html')">God Will Punish You!</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Death-Bed Conversion.html')">Death-Bed Repentance</a> <a href="Goffine\_Mass\_Parts.html">A Devout Guide to follow the Tridentine Latin Mass of Pope St. Pius V. Recommended for Those Who Cannot Attend Mass in Person. 18th Sunday After Pentecost</a> <a href="The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass.html">The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, Fr. O' Keeffe, 1891</a> <a href="Quo Primum.html">Papal Bull: Quo Primum, the Tridentine Mass for all Times</a> <a href="Why the Latin Mass.html">Why the Mass is in Latin</a> <a href="Catholic Worship.html">Catholic Worship, Explained</a> <a href="Mass at Home.html">Manner of Hearing Mass At Home: For those who on account of sickness, old age, or for other proper reasons cannot assist at holy Mass, especially on Sundays and Holidays</a> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 16th, St. Hedwig, Widow</font><br><br> <img src="10.16.09.jpg"> <br><br> <a href="St. Hedwig.html">St. Hedwig, Widow</a> <a href="Corporal Works of Mercy.html">The Corporal Works of Mercy</a> <a href="Spiritual Works of Mercy.html">The Spiritual Works of Mercy</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Eternity.html')"> The Thought of Eternity</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_3\_Sermons\_Resignation.html')">On Resignation to the Will of God in All of Our Sufferings</a> <a href="Conformity to the Will of God.html">On Conformity to the Will of God and the Motives that Oblige Us</a> <a href="The Providence of God and Why He Permits Evil.html">The Providence of God and why He permits evil</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>During this month of October, <br>please visit the links dedicated <br>to the Rosary and Our Lady</i><br><br> <form> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <option value="Index.html">The Rosary & Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</option> <option value="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the Recitation of the Rosary</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Prayers of Our Ladyof the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</option> <option value="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</option> <option value="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</option> <option value="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</option> <option value="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</option> <option value="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</option> <option value="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Ave Maris Stella.html">Ave Maris Stella</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</option> <option value="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Ransom.html')">Our Lady of Ransom</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</option> <option value="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Annunciation Weninger.html')">Sermons of Fr. Weninger for the Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Annunciation.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of the Annunciation</option> <option value="Purification.html">The Purification of the Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('The Humility of Mary.html')">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <option value="Assumption.html">The Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Weninger Sermons.html')">Octave of the Assumption 3 Sermons by Fr.Weninger</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Assumption by St. Alphonsus.html')">The Dormition and Assumption of the B.V.M.</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Life of Mary Litany.html')"> Assumption: Additional Prayers and Devotions</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Vigil of the Assumption.html')">Vigil of the Assumption</option> <option value="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queenship of Mary popup.html')">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Octave Gueranger.html')">2nd - 4th Days within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Octave of the Immaculate Conception Weninger.html')"> Octave of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</option> <option value="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary The Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate\_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</option> <option value="Presentation of Mary.html">I. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Seven Dolors.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   I.</option> <option value="Sorrowful Mother.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   II.</option> <option value="Novena of the Seven Sorrows.html">Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Seven Dolours Sermon.html')">Our Lady of Sorrows</option> <option value="The Sweetness of the Name of Mary.html">The Sweetness of theName of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Novena in Honor of the Holy Name of Mary and Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Holy Name of Mary.html">The Holy Name of Mary</option> <option value="Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">The Nativity of the BlessedVirgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Novena.html')">Novena of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">The Feast of the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Novena.html')">Novena for the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Snows.html')">Our Lady of the Snows </option> <option value="Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Novena Our Lady of Mount Carmel.html">Novena to Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Feast of the Scapular.html">The Feast of the Scapular</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy House of Loretto</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Carmel popup.html')">History of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Queenship of Mary.html">The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary </option> <option value="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</option> <option value="Lourdes Novena.html">Novena in Honor of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Bernadette</option> <option value="Lourdes a History.html">In Defense of the Miracles of Lourdes, A History of Its Apparitions and Cures</option> <option value="Bernadette\_Sequel.html">Inspirational Account of the Life of St. Bernadette and the Apparition of Lourdes</option> <option value="La Salette.html">Our Lady of La Salette</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</option> <option value="Mary Help of Christians.html">Mary Help of Christians</option> <option value="Our Lady of Perpetual Help.html">Perpetual Help</option> <option value="Immaculate Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary popup.html">Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="A Short Treatise on the Scapular.html">The Confraternity of Our Blessed Lady of Mount Carmel called the Scapular, 1850</option> <option value="Our Lady of Good Counsel.html">Our Lady of Good Counsel: Prayers, Litany and Book, "The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel"</option> <option value="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</option> <option value="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</option> <option value="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim and St. Anne, 1859</option> <option value="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal the Origin and History</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>Related links for the Sacrament of Penance</i> <br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="">Select from the Following:</option> <option value="Examine%20Index.html">Examination of Conscience</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On the Vice of Impurity.html#Idolatry')">The Idolatry of the Creature Due to Impurity</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Unchaste Thoughts and Desires.html')">Moral Teaching on Unchaste Thoughts and Desires and Prayers to Overcome Temptations</option> <option value="Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Sacrament of Penance</option> <option value="Confession Q and A.html">The Sacrament of Penance, All of Your Questions Answered</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon\_Confession.html')">On the Benefits of a Good Confession</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Turning from Sin.html')">Two Short Sermons: <br>On Turning from Sin to God <br> The Sentiments of a Penitent Sinner</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Relapse into Sin popup.html')">Causes of Relapse into Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Preparation\_Repentance\_Confession.html')"> On the Preparation Necessary to <br>Make a Good Confession<br><br> On Motives for Repentance and Contrition <br>Necessary for a Good Confession</option> <option value="Self-Examination.html">The Necessity of Self-Examination</option> <option value="Examine 9.html">The Seven Deadly Sins, Nine Ways to Being an Accessory to Another's Sin, Sins Against the Holy Spirit</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Exposition on the Sixth Commandment.html')">The Sixth Commandment: Explained by St. Thomas Aquinas</option> <option value="Ritual%20of%20the%20Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Rite of Confession </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Thirteenth Sunday After Pentecost.html#General Confession')">General Confession</option> <option value="The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin Liguori.html">The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin<br>by St. Alphonsus Liguori</option> <option value="Contrition.html">Contrition</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment.html')">Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment</option> <option value="False Peace Sinful Conscience.html">The False Peace of a Sinful Conscience, by Fr. Hunolt, 1691-1746</option> <option value="Render Our Account.html">Render an Account of Your Life: A Must Read for Every Soul </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Sinner seeks God.html')">The Sinner will Seek God at Death</option> <option value="St. Alphonsu the number of sins.html">On the Number of Sins, by St. Aphonsus Di Liguori</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="Penitent%27s%20Prayer.html">Penitent's Consolation</option> <option value="Sin.html">The Nature of Sin</option> <option value="Folly of Sin.html">The Folly of Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Venial Sins.html')">On Not Making Light of Venial Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Multitude\_of\_Sins.html')">On the Multitude of Our Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon\_Mortal Sin.html')"><br>On the Horror of Mortal Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Spiritual Murder.html')">On Spiritual Murder</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Thursday\_First\_Week\_Lent.html')">Examination of Our Duties <br>and State of Life</option> <option value="Conscience.html">Conscience</option> <option value="Ten%20Commandments%20Index.html">Index of the Ten Commandments</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners.html')">The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners</option> <option value="The Sinners Guide.html">The Sinner's Guide <br>by Ven. Louis of Granada, O.P.</option> <option value="Childrens Confession.html">Catholic Instruction for Children for the Sacrament of Penance, 1897</option> </option></select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">St. Hedwig, Widow</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">O</font> God, Who didst teach blessed Hedwig to renounce the pomps of this world with all her heart so that she might humbly follow Thy cross: grant that, through her example and merits, we may learn to trample under foot the perishable delights of this world, and by clinging to Thy cross, may overcome all thins that war against us. Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.    Amen.<br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Hedwig was the wife of Henry, Duke of Silesia and Poland, and the mother of six children. To one of her sisters, married to the King of Hungary, was born the future Saint Elizabeth of Hungary; another was the wife of Philip-Augustus of France, and the third, Abbess of a celebrated monastery at Lutzingen. Saint Hedwig led a humble, austere, and holy life amid all the pomp of her royal state. While still young, she and her spouse made a solemn vow of chastity, ratified by their bishop. Her house was a school of piety and good order; with Duke Henry she built the large monastery of Trebnitz, where she placed nuns of the Order of Citeaux.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">I</font>nspired by these holy examples, the Secretary of State of the Duke and Duchess left the court and dedicated all his wealth to the construction of a Cistercian monastery, which he then entered, to spend there the rest of his life.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Hedwig attended to the needs of all the monasteries and the hermits of the region, visiting them herself and taking them clothing, food and all she judged necessary. She visited prisoners and saw that they did not suffer from the cold or from lack of light. She cared for the poor and served them herself in her residence. On Holy Thursday she washed the feet of several lepers, remembering the lessons of Our Saviour. She fasted often and walked barefoot in the snow when she prayed; she slept on the ground.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">D</font>evotion to the Blessed Sacrament was the keynote of her life. She considered it her very great privilege to supply the bread and wine for the Sacred Mysteries, and each morning would attend as many Masses as were celebrated. After the death of her husband in 1238, she retired to the Cistercian convent of Trebnitz, where she lived under obedience to her daughter Gertrude, abbess of that monastery, growing day by day in holiness, until God called her to Himself in the year 1243. She was canonized twenty-four years later, by Pope Clement IV. This Pontiff, during the ceremony of her canonization, asked God through her intercession to cure a girl who was blind, and the cure was immediately effected. Saint Hedwig is buried in the church of Trebnitz. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">November 15th, St. Albert the Great, Bishop, Confessor and Doctor of the Church</font> <br><br> <img src="Albert\_Great\_Miniature.jpg"> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Litany St. Albert.html')">St. Albert the Great</a> <a href="St. Albert the Great Book.html">Albert the Great, His Life and Scholastic Labours, 1876</a> <br><br> <a href="November\_Poor\_Souls\_MP.html">Links for Prayers and Devotions to the Poor Souls during the month of November</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Visit the Grave\_Zollner.html">Why Catholics are obligated to visit their loved ones at the cemetery</a> <a href="The Cry of the Souls\_Zollner.html">The Cry of the Souls in <br>Purgatory to us</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Where is Purgatory.html')">Where is Purgatory</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>November Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">November Novenas</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Avellino.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew Avellino: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> <option value="St. Stanislaus Kostka.html">Novena to St. Stanislaus Kostka: Nov. 5th - Nov. 13th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('St. Gertrude Popup.html#Novena')">Novena to St. Gertrude: Nov. 8th - Nov. 16th</option> <option value="Devotions to St. Elizabeth of Hungary.html#Novena">Novena to St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Nov. 11th - Nov. 19th</option> <option value="Novena of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html"> Novena of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Nov. 13th - Nov. 21st</option> <option value="St. Cecilia Devotions.html">Novena to St. Cecilia: Nov. 14th - Nov. 22nd</option> <option value="St. John of the Cross Litany.html">Novena to St. John of the Cross: Nov. 16th - Nov.24th</option> <option value="St. Catherine of Alexandria.html#Novena">Novena to St. Catherine of Alexandria: Nov. 17th - Nov. 25th</option> <option value="Novena Miraculous Medal.html">Novena to Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal: 19th - Nov. 27th</option> <option value="St. Francis Xavier Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis Xavier: Nov. 25th - Dec. 3rd</option> <option value="St. Barbara.html#Novena">Novena to St. Barbara, Holy Helper: Nov. 26th - Dec. 4th</option> <option value="St. Nicholas.html">Novena to St. Nicholas: Nov. 28th - Dec. 6th</option> <option value="St. Andrew Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Andrew: Nov. 30th - Dec. 25th</option> <option value="Novena of the Immaculate Conception.html">Novena of the Immaculate Conception: Nov. 30th - Dec. 8th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">St. Albert the Great, Bishop, Confessor and Doctor of the Church</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> God, Who didst make Blessed Albert, Thy Bishop and Doctor, great through subordinating human wisdom to divine faith: grant, we beseech Thee, that we may keep so firmly in the path of his authoritative teaching that we may enjoy perfect light in heaven. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.   Amen.<br><br> <i> V. The Lord loved him and adorned him. <br><br> R. He clothed him with a robe of glory. <br><br> Ant. O excellent Doctor, light of holy Church, blessed Albert, lover of the divine law, pray unto the Son of God for us. <br><br> (Roman Breviary) </i> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 15th, St. Teresa, Virgin</font> <br><br> <img src="10.15.09.jpg"> <br><br> <a href="Immaculate%20Heart%20of%20Mary.html#OLS">Our Lady's Saturday</a> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</a> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#First Saturday">Five First Saturdays</a> <a href="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary; Fatima and the Rosary</a> <a href="Remodel\_your\_home.html">Remodel Your Home After Mary's Heart</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Manning\_Revolt\_Society.html')">The Revolt of Society from God</a> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Teresa of Avila.html')">St. Teresa of Avila</a> <a href="The Spirit of St. Teresa.html">The Spirit of St. Teresa</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Teresa of Avila combat with Satan.html')"> St. Teresa of Avila's combat with Satan & encounter with hell</a> <a href="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Second\_Week\_Lent\_Prayer.html')">Short Sermons on Prayer: <br>Necessity of Prayer <br>Attention in Prayer <br>Conditions of Prayer <br>Fervour in Prayer <br>Mental Prayer </a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>During this month of October, <br>please visit the links dedicated <br>to the Rosary and Our Lady</i><br><br> <form> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <option value="Index.html">The Rosary & Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</option> <option value="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the Recitation of the Rosary</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Prayers of Our Ladyof the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</option> <option value="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</option> <option value="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</option> <option value="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</option> <option value="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</option> <option value="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</option> <option value="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Ave Maris Stella.html">Ave Maris Stella</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</option> <option value="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Ransom.html')">Our Lady of Ransom</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</option> <option value="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Annunciation Weninger.html')">Sermons of Fr. Weninger for the Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Annunciation.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of the Annunciation</option> <option value="Purification.html">The Purification of the Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('The Humility of Mary.html')">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <option value="Assumption.html">The Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Weninger Sermons.html')">Octave of the Assumption 3 Sermons by Fr.Weninger</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Assumption by St. Alphonsus.html')">The Dormition and Assumption of the B.V.M.</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Life of Mary Litany.html')"> Assumption: Additional Prayers and Devotions</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Vigil of the Assumption.html')">Vigil of the Assumption</option> <option value="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queenship of Mary popup.html')">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Octave Gueranger.html')">2nd - 4th Days within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Octave of the Immaculate Conception Weninger.html')"> Octave of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</option> <option value="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary The Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate\_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</option> <option value="Presentation of Mary.html">I. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Seven Dolors.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   I.</option> <option value="Sorrowful Mother.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   II.</option> <option value="Novena of the Seven Sorrows.html">Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Seven Dolours Sermon.html')">Our Lady of Sorrows</option> <option value="The Sweetness of the Name of Mary.html">The Sweetness of theName of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Novena in Honor of the Holy Name of Mary and Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Holy Name of Mary.html">The Holy Name of Mary</option> <option value="Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">The Nativity of the BlessedVirgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Novena.html')">Novena of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">The Feast of the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Novena.html')">Novena for the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Snows.html')">Our Lady of the Snows </option> <option value="Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Novena Our Lady of Mount Carmel.html">Novena to Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Feast of the Scapular.html">The Feast of the Scapular</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy House of Loretto</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Carmel popup.html')">History of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Queenship of Mary.html">The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary </option> <option value="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</option> <option value="Lourdes Novena.html">Novena in Honor of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Bernadette</option> <option value="Lourdes a History.html">In Defense of the Miracles of Lourdes, A History of Its Apparitions and Cures</option> <option value="Bernadette\_Sequel.html">Inspirational Account of the Life of St. Bernadette and the Apparition of Lourdes</option> <option value="La Salette.html">Our Lady of La Salette</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</option> <option value="Mary Help of Christians.html">Mary Help of Christians</option> <option value="Our Lady of Perpetual Help.html">Perpetual Help</option> <option value="Immaculate Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary popup.html">Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="A Short Treatise on the Scapular.html">The Confraternity of Our Blessed Lady of Mount Carmel called the Scapular, 1850</option> <option value="Our Lady of Good Counsel.html">Our Lady of Good Counsel: Prayers, Litany and Book, "The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel"</option> <option value="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</option> <option value="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</option> <option value="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim and St. Anne, 1859</option> <option value="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal the Origin and History</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> </select> </form> <br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">St. Teresa of Avila, Virgin</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">G</font>raciously hear us, O God our salvation: and grant that we who are gladdened by the festival of blessed Teresa, Thy Virgin, may be fed with the food of her heavenly teaching, and may learn from her, loving devotion to Thee. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.    Amen.<br><br> <i> V. Grace is poured out on thy lips. <br><br> R. Therefore hath God blessed thee forever. <br><br> Ant. Come, Spouse of Christ, receive the crown, which the Lord hath prepared for thee for all eternity. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">"B</font>y their fruits you will know them," says Our Lord of those who claim to be His followers. The fruits which remain of the life, labors and prayer of Saint Teresa of Avila bear to her virtue a living and enduring testimony which none can refuse to admit. She herself wrote her life and many other celebrated spiritual works, and much more can still be said of this soul of predilection, whose writings and examples have led so many souls to high sanctity.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">B</font>orn in 1515 in the kingdom of Castile in Spain, she was the youngest child of a virtuous nobleman. When she was seven years old, Teresa fled from her home with one of her young brothers, in the hope of going to Africa and receiving the palm of martyrdom. Brought back and asked the reason for her flight, she replied: "I want to see God, and I must die before I can see Him." She then began, with her same brother, Rodriguez, to build a hermitage in the garden, and was often heard repeating: "Forever, forever!" She lost her mother at the age of twelve years, and was led by worldly companions into various frivolities. Her father decided to place her in a boarding convent, and she obeyed without any inclination for this kind of life. Grace came to her assistance with the good guidance of the Sisters, and she decided to enter religion in the Carmelite monastery of the Incarnation at Avila.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">F</font>or a time frivolous conversations there, too, checked her progress toward perfection, but finally in her thirty-first year, she abandoned herself entirely to God. A vision showed her the very place in hell to which her apparently light faults would have led her, and she was told by Our Lord that all her conversation must be with heaven. Ever afterwards she lived in the deepest distrust of herself. When she was named Prioress against her will at the monastery of the Incarnation, she succeeded in conciliating even the most hostile hearts by placing a statue of Our Lady in the seat she would ordinarily have occupied, to preside over the Community.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">G</font>od enlightened her to understand that He desired the reform of her Order, and her heart was pierced with divine love. The Superior General gave her full permission to found as many houses as might become feasible. She dreaded nothing so much as delusion in the decisions she would make in difficult situations; we can well understand this, knowing she founded seventeen convents for the Sisters, and that fifteen others for the Fathers of the Reform were established during her lifetime, with the aid of Saint John of the Cross. To the end of her life she acted only under obedience to her confessors, and this practice both made her strong and preserved her from error. Journeying in those days was far from comfortable and even perilous, but nothing could stop the Saint from accomplishing the holy Will of God. When the cart was overturned one day and she had a broken leg, her sense of humor became very evident by her remark: "Dear Lord, if this is how You treat Your friends, it is no wonder You have so few!" She died October 4, 1582, and was canonized in 1622.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>he history of her mortal remains is as extraordinary as that of her life. After nine months in a wooden coffin, caved in from the excess weight above it, the body was perfectly conserved, though the clothing had rotted. A fine perfume it exuded spread throughout the entire monastery of the nuns, when they reclothed it. Parts of it were later removed as relics, including the heart showing the marks of the Transverberation, and her left arm. At the last exhumation in 1914, the body was found to remain in the same condition as when it was seen previously, still recognizable and very fragrant with the same intense perfume. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 14th, St. Callistus I, Pope and Martyr</font><br><br> <img src="10.14.09.jpg"> <br><br> <a href="Sacred Heart Enthronement.html">The Enthronement of the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <a href="Devotions to the Sacred Heart.html#Reparation">Act of Reparation to the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <a href="Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus.html">Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <br><br> <a href="Catholic Funeral.html">Catholic Burial of the Dead</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>During this month of October, <br>please visit the links dedicated <br>to the Rosary and Our Lady</i><br><br> <form> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <option value="Index.html">The Rosary/.Other Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</option> <option value="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the Recitation of the Rosary</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Prayers of Our Ladyof the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</option> <option value="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</option> <option value="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</option> <option value="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</option> <option value="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</option> <option value="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</option> <option value="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Ave Maris Stella.html">Ave Maris Stella</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</option> <option value="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Ransom.html')">Our Lady of Ransom</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</option> <option value="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Annunciation Weninger.html')">Sermons of Fr. Weninger for the Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Annunciation.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of the Annunciation</option> <option value="Purification.html">The Purification of the Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('The Humility of Mary.html')">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <option value="Assumption.html">The Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Weninger Sermons.html')">Octave of the Assumption 3 Sermons by Fr.Weninger</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Assumption by St. Alphonsus.html')">The Dormition and Assumption of the B.V.M.</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Life of Mary Litany.html')"> Assumption: Additional Prayers and Devotions</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Vigil of the Assumption.html')">Vigil of the Assumption</option> <option value="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queenship of Mary popup.html')">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Octave Gueranger.html')">2nd - 4th Days within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Octave of the Immaculate Conception Weninger.html')"> Octave of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</option> <option value="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary The Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate\_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</option> <option value="Presentation of Mary.html">I. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Seven Dolors.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   I.</option> <option value="Sorrowful Mother.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   II.</option> <option value="Novena of the Seven Sorrows.html">Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Seven Dolours Sermon.html')">Our Lady of Sorrows</option> <option value="The Sweetness of the Name of Mary.html">The Sweetness of theName of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Novena in Honor of the Holy Name of Mary and Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Holy Name of Mary.html">The Holy Name of Mary</option> <option value="Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">The Nativity of the BlessedVirgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Novena.html')">Novena of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">The Feast of the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Novena.html')">Novena for the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Snows.html')">Our Lady of the Snows </option> <option value="Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Novena Our Lady of Mount Carmel.html">Novena to Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Feast of the Scapular.html">The Feast of the Scapular</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy House of Loretto</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Carmel popup.html')">History of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Queenship of Mary.html">The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary </option> <option value="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</option> <option value="Lourdes Novena.html">Novena in Honor of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Bernadette</option> <option value="Lourdes a History.html">In Defense of the Miracles of Lourdes, A History of Its Apparitions and Cures</option> <option value="Bernadette\_Sequel.html">Inspirational Account of the Life of St. Bernadette and the Apparition of Lourdes</option> <option value="La Salette.html">Our Lady of La Salette</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</option> <option value="Mary Help of Christians.html">Mary Help of Christians</option> <option value="Our Lady of Perpetual Help.html">Perpetual Help</option> <option value="Immaculate Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary popup.html">Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="A Short Treatise on the Scapular.html">The Confraternity of Our Blessed Lady of Mount Carmel called the Scapular, 1850</option> <option value="Our Lady of Good Counsel.html">Our Lady of Good Counsel: Prayers, Litany and Book, "The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel"</option> <option value="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</option> <option value="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</option> <option value="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim and St. Anne, 1859</option> <option value="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal the Origin and History</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">St. Callistus I, Pope and Martyr</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">O</font> God Who seest that we fall from our very own weakness; mercifully restore us to Thy love by the example of Thy Saints. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.    Amen.<br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">E</font>arly in the third century, it was to Callistus, then a deacon, that Pope Saint Zephyrinus confided the government of the clergy, as well as the creation and maintenance of the Christian cemeteries, which at that time were the catacombs of Rome. At the death of the Sovereign Pontiff, Callistus succeeded him as Head of the Church.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">I</font>t is he who made obligatory for the entire Church, the fast of the Ember Days which the Apostles had instituted, to bring down blessings on each season of the year. During his time, the Christians began to build churches, which though destroyed during the various persecutions, were eventually rebuilt. Among the catacombs owed to his government, is the one on the Appian Way which bears his name. Many precious memories are conserved there; in it are found the tomb of Saint Cecilia, the crypts of several popes, and paintings which attest the perfect conformity of the primitive Faith with that of the present-day Church.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">D</font>uring the pontificate of Saint Callistus, several very striking conversions occurred among the very officers of the persecuting emperor Alexander Severus. At one time an officer, his family and household, forty-two persons in all, were baptized by the Pope on the same day. Many others asked him for Baptism; among them a Senator and sixty-eight persons of his household, and a guardian of the saintly Pope, whose name was Privatus, after the prayers of the Holy Father had cured him of an ulcer. All these new Christians were martyred, and their heads were exposed at the various gates of Rome to discourage any who would propagate the Faith of Christ in that city. Despite the continuing pursuits and his constant solicitude for all the churches, Saint Callistus found the means to have a diligent search made by fishermen for the body of a priest of his clergy, which had been cast into the Tiber after his martyrdom. When it was found he was filled with joy, and buried it with hymns of praise.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">D</font>uring the persecution Saint Callistus was obliged to take shelter in the poor and populous quarters of the city. The martyred priest, Calipodius, appeared to him soon afterwards, saying: "Father, take courage; the hour of the reward is approaching; your crown will be proportionate to your sufferings." Soon afterwards he was discovered there, and the house was guarded by soldiers who received the order to allow no food to enter it for several days. And Saint Callistus was martyred in his turn. With a rock suspended from his neck, he was thrown from a window into a well on October 14, 223. The priest Asterius recovered and buried his body in the catacomb named for Calipodius. A week later Asterius too was arrested and thrown into the Tiber. The Christians interred this martyr also. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 13th, St. Edward, King and Confessor. </font><br><br> <img src="10.13.09.jpg"><br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Edward the Confessor.html')">St. Edward King, Confessor</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('The Virtue of Chastity.html')"> Prayers for the Preservation of Chastity. An Explanation and Defense of the Virtue of Chastity</a> <a href="The Art of Dying Well.html">The Art of Dying Well <br>by St. Robert Bellarmine</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">St. Edward, King and Confessor</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">O</font> God Who hast crowned the blessed king Edward, Thy Confessor, with the glory of eternal life: make us, we beseech Thee, so to honor him on earth that we may be able to reign with him in heaven. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.    Amen.<br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Edward, son of King Ethelred, whose kingdom of England fell to the Danish invaders, was unexpectedly raised to the throne of England in 1041, at the age of forty years. God had shown Edward to a pious bishop in a vision, as England's King, anointed by Saint Peter: "Behold the one who will be King through My favor; he will be cherished by heaven, agreeable to men, terrible to his enemies, loving to his subjects, very useful to the Church of God." The English people, tired of being governed by a foreign domination, decided in 1041 to reinstate the surviving son of their legitimate sovereign, and under the leadership of three noblemen, succeeded in crowning Edward on Easter Sunday of the year 1042. Edward had spent twenty-seven years of his forty in exile in Normandy, in the palace of his maternal uncle.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">W</font>hen he was raised to the throne, the virtues of his earlier years, simplicity, gentleness, humility and a tender charity, but above all his angelic purity, shone with new brightness. By a rare inspiration of God, though he married to content his nobles and people, he preserved perfect chastity in the wedded state. So little did he set his heart on riches, that three times when he saw a servant robbing his treasury, he let him escape, saying the poor man needed the gold more than he. He loved to stand at his palace-gate, speaking kindly to the poor beggars and lepers who crowded about him, and many of whom he healed of their diseases. The people rejoiced in having a Saint for their king.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">L</font>ong wars had brought the kingdom to a sad state, but Edward's zeal and sanctity soon wrought a great change. His reign of twenty-four years was one of almost unbroken peace. He undertook only one war, which was victorious, to reinstate Malcolm, legitimate king of Scotland. The country grew prosperous, the ruined churches rose again under his hand, the weak lived secure, and for ages afterwards men spoke with affection of the "laws of good Saint Edward." The holy king delighted in building and enriching churches; Westminster Abbey was his last and noblest work.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">H</font>e had a particular devotion to the holy Apostles Saint Peter and Saint John the Evangelist, and had made a promise never to refuse an alms asked in the name of the latter. One day when he had no money with him, a poor man reached out his hand in the name of the Apostle, and the king gave him a valuable ring he was wearing. Some time later, Saint John appeared to two pilgrims returning from the Holy Land. He gave them a ring and said: "Take it to the king; he gave it to me one day when I asked for an alms in the habit of a pilgrim. Tell him that in six months I will visit him and take him with me, to follow the unblemished Lamb." The King received it from them after hearing their relation of this incident, and broke into tears. And Edward did indeed die six months later, on January 5, 1066. Many miracles occurred at his tomb. In 1102 his body was exhumed and found intact and flexible, with its habits perfectly preserved also, appearing to be new. He was canonized in 1161 by Pope Alexander III. <br><br><br><br> <A NAME="Fatima"style="border-style: none"/></a> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">October 13th, Anniversary of the Final Apparition of Our Lady of Fatima</font> <br><br> <img src="05.13.11B.jpg"> <br><br> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</a> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</a> <a href="Marys Fatima Message.html">Mary's Fatima Message. Peace and Devotions by Fr. Lovasik, 1955</a> <a href="Fatima Book.html">Fatima: Peace on Earth; A Catholic Russia; Peace of Mind</a> <a href="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart of Mary</a> <a href="The Sight of Hell.html">The Sight of Hell, A Book for Children and Young Persons as well as Adults</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners.html')">The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</a> <a href="Conversion by Reverend Hayes.html"> True Conversion: One of the best sermons for hardened sinners</a> <a href="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Angelus\_2019.html')">The Angelus: Prayer, Explanation, Indulgences</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>During this month of October, <br>please visit the links dedicated <br>to the Rosary and Our Lady</i><br><br> <form> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <option value="Index.html">The Rosary/.Other Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</option> <option value="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the Recitation of the Rosary</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Prayers of Our Ladyof the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</option> <option value="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</option> <option value="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</option> <option value="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</option> <option value="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</option> <option value="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</option> <option value="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Ave Maris Stella.html">Ave Maris Stella</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</option> <option value="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Ransom.html')">Our Lady of Ransom</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</option> <option value="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Annunciation Weninger.html')">Sermons of Fr. Weninger for the Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Annunciation.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of the Annunciation</option> <option value="Purification.html">The Purification of the Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('The Humility of Mary.html')">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <option value="Assumption.html">The Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Weninger Sermons.html')">Octave of the Assumption 3 Sermons by Fr.Weninger</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Assumption by St. Alphonsus.html')">The Dormition and Assumption of the B.V.M.</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Life of Mary Litany.html')"> Assumption: Additional Prayers and Devotions</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Vigil of the Assumption.html')">Vigil of the Assumption</option> <option value="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queenship of Mary popup.html')">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Octave Gueranger.html')">2nd - 4th Days within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Octave of the Immaculate Conception Weninger.html')"> Octave of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</option> <option value="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary The Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate\_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</option> <option value="Presentation of Mary.html">I. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Seven Dolors.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   I.</option> <option value="Sorrowful Mother.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   II.</option> <option value="Novena of the Seven Sorrows.html">Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Seven Dolours Sermon.html')">Our Lady of Sorrows</option> <option value="The Sweetness of the Name of Mary.html">The Sweetness of theName of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Novena in Honor of the Holy Name of Mary and Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Holy Name of Mary.html">The Holy Name of Mary</option> <option value="Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">The Nativity of the BlessedVirgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Novena.html')">Novena of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">The Feast of the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Novena.html')">Novena for the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Snows.html')">Our Lady of the Snows </option> <option value="Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Novena Our Lady of Mount Carmel.html">Novena to Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Feast of the Scapular.html">The Feast of the Scapular</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy House of Loretto</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Carmel popup.html')">History of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Queenship of Mary.html">The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary </option> <option value="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</option> <option value="Lourdes Novena.html">Novena in Honor of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Bernadette</option> <option value="Lourdes a History.html">In Defense of the Miracles of Lourdes, A History of Its Apparitions and Cures</option> <option value="Bernadette\_Sequel.html">Inspirational Account of the Life of St. Bernadette and the Apparition of Lourdes</option> <option value="La Salette.html">Our Lady of La Salette</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</option> <option value="Mary Help of Christians.html">Mary Help of Christians</option> <option value="Our Lady of Perpetual Help.html">Perpetual Help</option> <option value="Immaculate Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary popup.html">Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="A Short Treatise on the Scapular.html">The Confraternity of Our Blessed Lady of Mount Carmel called the Scapular, 1850</option> <option value="Our Lady of Good Counsel.html">Our Lady of Good Counsel: Prayers, Litany and Book, "The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel"</option> <option value="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</option> <option value="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</option> <option value="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim and St. Anne, 1859</option> <option value="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal the Origin and History</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>Related links for the Sacrament of Penance</i> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Preparation\_Repentance\_Confession.html')"> On the Preparation Necessary to Make a Good Confession<br><br> On Motives for Repentance and Contrition Necessary for a Good Confession</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon\_Confession.html')"> On the Benefits of a Good Confession</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Spiritual Murder.html')"> On Spiritual Murder</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</a> <a href="Childrens Confession.html">Catholic Instruction for Children for the Sacrament of Penance, 1897</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Relapse into Sin popup.html')">Causes of Relapse into Sin</a> <a href="Contrition\_Perfect\_Contrition.html">Contrition: Explanation of Perfect Contrition and the Necessity of Contrition for Forgiveness of Sins</a> <a href="The Penitent Christian.html">The Penitent Christian</a> <a href="The Prodigal Son, the Sinner's Return to God.html">The Prodigal Son, the Sinner's Return to God</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('On the Vice of Impurity.html#Idolatry')">The Idolatry of the Creature Due to Impurity</a> <a href="Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Sacrament of Penance</a> <a href="Confession Q and A.html">The Sacrament of Penance, All of Your Questions Answered</a> <a href="Examine%20Index.html">Examination of Conscience</a> <a href="Ritual%20of%20the%20Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Rite of Confession </a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Seal of Confession.html')">The Seal of Confession</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Thirteenth Sunday After Pentecost.html#General Confession')">General Confession</a> <a href="After Confession.html">Prayers and Devotions After Confession</a> <a href="The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin Liguori.html">The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin<br>by St. Alphonsus Liguori</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon\_Temptation\_Discouragement.html')">On the Use of Temptations and How to Overcome Discouragement</a> <a href="Contrition.html">Contrition</a> <a href="False Peace Sinful Conscience.html">The False Peace of a Sinful Conscience, by Fr. Hunolt, 1691-1746</a> <a href="Render Our Account.html">Render an Account of Your Life: A Must Read for Every Soul </a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon\_Trifling\_with\_God.html')">Trifling with God and How to Become Masters of Ourselves</a> <a href="Conversion by Reverend Hayes.html">True Conversion: One of the best sermons for hardened sinners</a> <a href="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</a> <a href="Penitent%27s%20Prayer.html">Penitent's Consolation</a> <a href="Sin.html">The Nature of Sin</a> <a href="Folly of Sin.html">The Folly of Sin</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon\_Root.html')">The Root of All Sin</a> <a href="The Sin Unto Death.html">The Sin Unto Death<br>by Cardinal Manning</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Mortal Sin popup.html')">Mortal Sin</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon\_Mortal Sin.html')">On the Horror of Mortal Sin</a> <a href="Conscience.html">Conscience</a> <a href="Ten%20Commandments%20Index.html">Index of the Ten Commandments</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. John Vianney Sermon on the Priesthood and Confession.html')">St. John Vianney: Sermon on Confession and the Priesthood</a> <a href="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners.html')">The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners</a> <a href="Necessity of Prayer 2017.html">On Prayer and Its Necessity</a> <a href="Litany Magdalen.html#Litany of Penance">Litany of Penance</a> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 12th, Ferial Day</font> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Christian\_Peace\_and\_Perseverance.html')">On the Piece of a Christian and On Perseverance in Good</a> <a href="Prayers for Peace.html">Prayers for Peace</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Final Perseverance.html')">Final Perseverance</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <br><br> <a href="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</a> <a href="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the <br>Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>During this month of October, <br>please visit the links dedicated <br>to the Rosary and Our Lady</i><br><br> <form> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <option value="Index.html">The Rosary/.Other Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</option> <option value="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the Recitation of the Rosary</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Prayers of Our Ladyof the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</option> <option value="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</option> <option value="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</option> <option value="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</option> <option value="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</option> <option value="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</option> <option value="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Ave Maris Stella.html">Ave Maris Stella</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</option> <option value="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Ransom.html')">Our Lady of Ransom</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</option> <option value="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Annunciation Weninger.html')">Sermons of Fr. Weninger for the Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Annunciation.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of the Annunciation</option> <option value="Purification.html">The Purification of the Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('The Humility of Mary.html')">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <option value="Assumption.html">The Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Weninger Sermons.html')">Octave of the Assumption 3 Sermons by Fr.Weninger</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Assumption by St. Alphonsus.html')">The Dormition and Assumption of the B.V.M.</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Life of Mary Litany.html')"> Assumption: Additional Prayers and Devotions</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Vigil of the Assumption.html')">Vigil of the Assumption</option> <option value="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queenship of Mary popup.html')">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Octave Gueranger.html')">2nd - 4th Days within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Octave of the Immaculate Conception Weninger.html')"> Octave of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</option> <option value="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary The Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate\_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</option> <option value="Presentation of Mary.html">I. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Seven Dolors.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   I.</option> <option value="Sorrowful Mother.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   II.</option> <option value="Novena of the Seven Sorrows.html">Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Seven Dolours Sermon.html')">Our Lady of Sorrows</option> <option value="The Sweetness of the Name of Mary.html">The Sweetness of theName of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Novena in Honor of the Holy Name of Mary and Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Holy Name of Mary.html">The Holy Name of Mary</option> <option value="Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">The Nativity of the BlessedVirgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Novena.html')">Novena of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">The Feast of the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Novena.html')">Novena for the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Snows.html')">Our Lady of the Snows </option> <option value="Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Novena Our Lady of Mount Carmel.html">Novena to Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Feast of the Scapular.html">The Feast of the Scapular</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy House of Loretto</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Carmel popup.html')">History of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Queenship of Mary.html">The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary </option> <option value="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</option> <option value="Lourdes Novena.html">Novena in Honor of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Bernadette</option> <option value="Lourdes a History.html">In Defense of the Miracles of Lourdes, A History of Its Apparitions and Cures</option> <option value="Bernadette\_Sequel.html">Inspirational Account of the Life of St. Bernadette and the Apparition of Lourdes</option> <option value="La Salette.html">Our Lady of La Salette</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</option> <option value="Mary Help of Christians.html">Mary Help of Christians</option> <option value="Our Lady of Perpetual Help.html">Perpetual Help</option> <option value="Immaculate Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary popup.html">Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="A Short Treatise on the Scapular.html">The Confraternity of Our Blessed Lady of Mount Carmel called the Scapular, 1850</option> <option value="Our Lady of Good Counsel.html">Our Lady of Good Counsel: Prayers, Litany and Book, "The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel"</option> <option value="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</option> <option value="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</option> <option value="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim and St. Anne, 1859</option> <option value="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal the Origin and History</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>Related links for the Sacrament of Penance</i> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Preparation\_Repentance\_Confession.html')"> On the Preparation Necessary to Make a Good Confession<br><br> On Motives for Repentance and Contrition Necessary for a Good Confession</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon\_Confession.html')"> On the Benefits of a Good Confession</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Spiritual Murder.html')"> On Spiritual Murder</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</a> <a href="Childrens Confession.html">Catholic Instruction for Children for the Sacrament of Penance, 1897</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Relapse into Sin popup.html')">Causes of Relapse into Sin</a> <a href="Contrition\_Perfect\_Contrition.html">Contrition: Explanation of Perfect Contrition and the Necessity of Contrition for Forgiveness of Sins</a> <a href="The Penitent Christian.html">The Penitent Christian</a> <a href="The Prodigal Son, the Sinner's Return to God.html">The Prodigal Son, the Sinner's Return to God</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('On the Vice of Impurity.html#Idolatry')">The Idolatry of the Creature Due to Impurity</a> <a href="Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Sacrament of Penance</a> <a href="Confession Q and A.html">The Sacrament of Penance, All of Your Questions Answered</a> <a href="Examine%20Index.html">Examination of Conscience</a> <a href="Ritual%20of%20the%20Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Rite of Confession </a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Seal of Confession.html')">The Seal of Confession</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Thirteenth Sunday After Pentecost.html#General Confession')">General Confession</a> <a href="After Confession.html">Prayers and Devotions After Confession</a> <a href="The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin Liguori.html">The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin<br>by St. Alphonsus Liguori</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon\_Temptation\_Discouragement.html')">On the Use of Temptations and How to Overcome Discouragement</a> <a href="Contrition.html">Contrition</a> <a href="False Peace Sinful Conscience.html">The False Peace of a Sinful Conscience, by Fr. Hunolt, 1691-1746</a> <a href="Render Our Account.html">Render an Account of Your Life: A Must Read for Every Soul </a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon\_Trifling\_with\_God.html')">Trifling with God and How to Become Masters of Ourselves</a> <a href="Conversion by Reverend Hayes.html">True Conversion: One of the best sermons for hardened sinners</a> <a href="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</a> <a href="Penitent%27s%20Prayer.html">Penitent's Consolation</a> <a href="Sin.html">The Nature of Sin</a> <a href="Folly of Sin.html">The Folly of Sin</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon\_Root.html')">The Root of All Sin</a> <a href="The Sin Unto Death.html">The Sin Unto Death<br>by Cardinal Manning</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Mortal Sin popup.html')">Mortal Sin</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon\_Mortal Sin.html')">On the Horror of Mortal Sin</a> <a href="Conscience.html">Conscience</a> <a href="Ten%20Commandments%20Index.html">Index of the Ten Commandments</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. John Vianney Sermon on the Priesthood and Confession.html')">St. John Vianney: Sermon on Confession and the Priesthood</a> <a href="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners.html')">The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners</a> <a href="Necessity of Prayer 2017.html">On Prayer and Its Necessity</a> <a href="Litany Magdalen.html#Litany of Penance">Litany of Penance</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">On devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</font><br> <i>by St. Alphonsus Di Liguori</i><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">J</font>esus is the mediator of justice, Mary obtains for us grace; for as St. Bernard, St. Bonaventure, St. Bernardin of Sienna, St. Germanus, St. Antoninus and others say, it is the will of God to dispense, through the hands of Mary, whatever graces He is pleased to bestow upon us. With God the prayers of the saints are the prayers of His friends, but the prayers of Mary are the prayers of His mother. Happy they who confidently and at all times have recourse to this divine mother! This of all others is the most pleasing devotion to the Blessed Virgin, ever to have recourse to her and to say: O Mary, intercede for me with your Son Jesus.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">J</font>esus is omnipotent by nature; Mary is very powerful by grace; she obtains whatever she asks for. It is impossible, says St. Antoninus, that this mother should ask any favour of her Son for those who are devout to her, and the Son not grant her request. Jesus delights to honour His mother by granting whatever she asks of Him. Hence St. Bernard exhorts us to seek for grace, and to seek for it through Mary: because she is a mother who cannot be denied. If then we would be saved, let us recommend ourselves to Mary, that she may intercede for us, because her prayers are always heard. O mother of mercy, have pity on me. You are styled the advocate of sinners, assist me, therefore, a sinner placing my confidence in you.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">L</font>et us not doubt whether Mary will hear us when we address our prayers to her. It is her delight to exercise her powerful influence with God in obtaining for us whatever graces we stand in need of. It is sufficient to ask favours of Mary to obtain them. If we are unworthy of them, she renders us worthy, by her powerful intercession; and she is very desirous that we should have recourse to her, that she may save us. What sinner ever perished, who, with confidence and perseverance, had recourse to Mary, the refuge of sinners? He is lost who has not recourse to Mary. O Mary, my mother and my hope, I take refuge under your protection; reject me not as I have deserved. Protect me and have pity on me, a miserable sinner. Obtain for me the forgiveness of my sins; obtain for me holy perseverance, the love of God, a good death, and a happy eternity. I hope all things of you, because you are most powerful with God. Make me holy, since you have it in your power to do so, by your holy intercession. O Mary, in you do I confide, in you do I place all my hopes, next to your divine Son Jesus.<br><br> <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 11th, The Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</font><br><br> <A NAME="Maternity"style="border-style: none"/></a> <img src="Maternity of Mary.jpg"><br><br> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</a> <a href="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary<br>The Mother of God</a> <a href="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Children Sermon\_Maternity of Mary.html')">Children's Sermon on the Maternity of Mary</a> <a href="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Benefits of the Incarnation.html')">Two Short Sermons on the Benefits from the Incarnation</a> <a href="October 11th.html">October Meditations on the Holy Angels</a> <br><br> <i>Related Links to the Maternity of Mary</i><br><br> <a href="Full of Grace\_2018.html">Mary, Full of Grace</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <a href="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <a href="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim <br>and St. Anne, 1859</a> <a href="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Litany of Loreto and Litany of Our Lady of Angels</a> <a href="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</a> <a href="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</a> <a href="Joyful.html">Joyful Mysteries</a> <a href="Sorrowful.html">Sorrowful Mysteries</a> <a href="Glorious.html">Glorious Mysteries</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <a href="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</a> <a href="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('A Mothers Prayers.html')">A Mother's Prayer for the Conversion of her child</a> <a href="Religious and Moral Training of Children.html">Religious and Moral <br>         Training of Children</a> <a href="Instructions%20for%20the%20Catholic%20Family.html">Instructions for the Catholic Family</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>During this month of October, <br>please visit the links dedicated <br>to the Rosary and Our Lady</i><br><br> <form> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <option value="Index.html">The Rosary/ Other Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</option> <option value="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the Recitation of the Rosary</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Prayers of Our Ladyof the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</option> <option value="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</option> <option value="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</option> <option value="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</option> <option value="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</option> <option value="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</option> <option value="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Ave Maris Stella.html">Ave Maris Stella</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</option> <option value="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Ransom.html')">Our Lady of Ransom</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</option> <option value="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Annunciation Weninger.html')">Sermons of Fr. Weninger for the Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Annunciation.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of the Annunciation</option> <option value="Purification.html">The Purification of the Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('The Humility of Mary.html')">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <option value="Assumption.html">The Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Weninger Sermons.html')">Octave of the Assumption 3 Sermons by Fr.Weninger</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Assumption by St. Alphonsus.html')">The Dormition and Assumption of the B.V.M.</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Life of Mary Litany.html')"> Assumption: Additional Prayers and Devotions</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Vigil of the Assumption.html')">Vigil of the Assumption</option> <option value="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queenship of Mary popup.html')">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Octave Gueranger.html')">2nd - 4th Days within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Octave of the Immaculate Conception Weninger.html')"> Octave of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</option> <option value="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary The Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate\_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</option> <option value="Presentation of Mary.html">I. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Seven Dolors.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   I.</option> <option value="Sorrowful Mother.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   II.</option> <option value="Novena of the Seven Sorrows.html">Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Seven Dolours Sermon.html')">Our Lady of Sorrows</option> <option value="The Sweetness of the Name of Mary.html">The Sweetness of theName of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Novena in Honor of the Holy Name of Mary and Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Holy Name of Mary.html">The Holy Name of Mary</option> <option value="Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">The Nativity of the BlessedVirgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Novena.html')">Novena of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">The Feast of the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Novena.html')">Novena for the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Snows.html')">Our Lady of the Snows </option> <option value="Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Novena Our Lady of Mount Carmel.html">Novena to Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Feast of the Scapular.html">The Feast of the Scapular</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy House of Loretto</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Carmel popup.html')">History of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Queenship of Mary.html">The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary </option> <option value="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</option> <option value="Lourdes Novena.html">Novena in Honor of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Bernadette</option> <option value="Lourdes a History.html">In Defense of the Miracles of Lourdes, A History of Its Apparitions and Cures</option> <option value="Bernadette\_Sequel.html">Inspirational Account of the Life of St. Bernadette and the Apparition of Lourdes</option> <option value="La Salette.html">Our Lady of La Salette</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</option> <option value="Mary Help of Christians.html">Mary Help of Christians</option> <option value="Our Lady of Perpetual Help.html">Perpetual Help</option> <option value="Immaculate Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary popup.html">Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="A Short Treatise on the Scapular.html">The Confraternity of Our Blessed Lady of Mount Carmel called the Scapular, 1850</option> <option value="Our Lady of Good Counsel.html">Our Lady of Good Counsel: Prayers, Litany and Book, "The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel"</option> <option value="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</option> <option value="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</option> <option value="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim and St. Anne, 1859</option> <option value="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal the Origin and History</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 11th, The Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">O</font> God, Who didst will that Thy Word should take flesh at the message of an Angel in the womb of the Blessed Virgin Mary: grant to us, Thy supplicants, that we, who believe her to be truly the Mother of God, may be helped by her intercession with Thee. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.    Amen.<br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">I</font>n 1931, in commemoration of the fifteenth centenary of the Council of Ephesus, Pope Pius XI decreed that henceforth in the entire Church a Feast in honor of the Motherhood of Mary should be established on the eleventh of October. The history behind the Feast is of interest. In 431, in Ephesus, a great council of the Bishops met in the Church of Mary, the Mother of God, to assert the Catholic faith in the Person of Jesus Christ, true God and true man. This was done to offset and denounce the false teaching of Nestorius, who asserted that Christ was a mere man but united to God. He taught that Jesus of Nazareth and the Word of God are two distinct persons. As a consequence of this teaching, it was held that Mary was only the mother of the human person, Christ. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">O</font>f course, the Council of Ephesus gave out the true teaching as we find it today, for example in the Anthanasian Creed: "This is true faith, to believe and confess that Our Lord Jesus Christ is God and man. Although at the same time God and man, yet He is one and the same Person." It follows from this, that Mary, in becoming the human mother of the Person Christ is the Mother of God. Pius XI commended mary and the Holy Family of Nazareth as models of the dignity and holiness of chaste wedlock, and as patterns of the holy education of youth. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 10th, St. Francis Borgia, Confessor</font><br><br> <img src="10.10.09.jpg"><br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Francis Borgia.html')">St. Francis Borgia, Confessor</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon\_Sunday After Epiphany.html')">The Business of Life <br>and Vanity of Earthly Things</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Vianney The Bad Death.html')">The Bad Death</a> <a href="Death.html">Death and the Importance of Salvation</a> <a href="Meditations on Saving Your Soul.html">Meditations on Saving Your Soul: Will it be Heaven or Hell?</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Death-Bed Conversion.html')">Death-Bed Repentance</a> <a href="Little Office Advent Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, for the Season of Advent</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">St. Francis Borgia, Confessor</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">O</font> Lord Jesus Christ, the pattern and reward of true humility: we beseech Thee that, as blessed Francis was made to follow gloriously in Thy footsteps by spurning earthly honors, so thou wilt suffer us to become his companions both in following Thee and in his glory. Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.    Amen.<br><br> <i> Ant. I will liken him to a wise man that built his house upon a rock. <br><br> V. The Lord loved him and adorned him. <br><br> R. He clothed him with a robe of glory. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Francis Borgia, named for Francis of Assisi at his birth in 1510, was placed under the tutelage of his uncle, Archbishop of Saragossa, after the death of his mother when he was ten years old. Soon he had to go to the court of Spain, as he was destined to be one of the great lords of that nation. There he remained Christian, modest and virtuous. His noble and beautiful appearance soon brought upon him snares which he succeeded in escaping, setting for himself regimes of prayer and study to escape from the dangers. He wore a hair shirt, and never would enter into any of those games of chance which cause the loss not only of money but of time, the spirit of devotion, and peace of soul. The Empress arranged for him to marry Eleanor de Castro of Portugal, who like himself was very pious. They were blessed with eight children, five sons and three daughters, who continued to practice the virtue of their parents.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">H</font>aving become the Duke of Gandia after his father's death, he became one of the richest and most honored nobles in Spain. In 1539, there was laid upon him the sad duty of escorting the mortal remains of his once beautiful sovereign, the Empress Isabella, who had died still young, to the royal burial ground at Granada. The coffin had to be opened for him, that he might verify the body before it was placed in the tomb; and so unrecognizable, so astonishing a sight met his eyes that he vowed never again to serve any earthly sovereign, subject to so drastic and terrible a change.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">I</font>t was many years before he could follow the call of his Lord; the emperor named him Captain-General of Catalonia, and sent him to bring to justice a group of bandits who had ravaged the countryside. The poor found in him strong protection against oppression. Vices were banished by his ordinances; he endowed poor girls and assisted families ruined by misery and reversals; he delivered debtors from prisons by paying what they owed. He was in effect the very Christian Viceroy of the Emperor. Saint Francis was relieved of this duty when he asked the Emperor, after the death of his father, to return and govern his subjects at Gandia. In Gandia he again did much public good; he built monasteries, founded hospitals, helped the poor in every possible way. But suddenly, his wife was taken from him. He was told by God that this loss was for both his and her own advantage, and amid his tears he offered his own life and that of his children, if that would please the Eternal Master.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">A</font>fter making a retreat according to the Exercises of Saint Ignatius, under Blessed Peter Favre, he made the vows of a Jesuit privately until he could see to the establishment of his children. When he went to Rome with one of them, it was rumored he would be made a cardinal like two of his brothers. But he wished to avoid all dignities, and succeeded in doing so by leaving Rome as soon as possible. Saint Ignatius made him his Vicar General for Spain, Portugal, and the East Indies, and there was scarcely a city of Spain and Portugal where he did not establish colleges or houses of the Company of Jesus. At the death of Saint Ignatius two years later, the Order chose him to be its General. Then his journeys became countless; to narrate them all would be an impossibility.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>he Turks were threatening Christendom, and Pope Saint Pius V commissioned two cardinal-legates to go and assemble the European Christian princes into a league for its defense. The holy Pope chose Francis to accompany one of the Cardinals and, worn out as he was, the Saint obeyed at once. The fatigues of the embassy exhausted what little life was left to him. Saint Francis died in the same year as Saint Pius V, happy to do so in the service of God and the Church, when he returned to Rome in October, 1572. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">18th Sunday After Pentecost</font style><br><br> <img src="Eighteenth Sunday Miniature.jpg"> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Eighteenth Sunday After Pentecost.html')">18th Sunday After Pentecost: The Malady of Sin, Sacrilegious Confessions & Indulgences. Refutes Protestant objections to the Sacrament of Penance</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon 18th Sunday After Pentecost.html')">Children's Sermon for 18th Sunday After Pentecost</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Eighteenth Sunday After Pentecost\_Gospel.html')">Eighteenth Sunday After Pentecost: Epistle and Gospel</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Health of the Sick.html')">Our Lady Health of the Sick</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Index for the Sick Pulpit Orator.html')">The Sickness of the Body is a Blessing to the Soul</a> <A NAME="GoffineMass"style="border-style: none"/></a> <A NAME="GoffineMassParts"style="border-style: none"/></a> <a href="Goffine\_Mass\_Parts.html">A Devout Guide to follow the Tridentine Latin Mass of Pope St. Pius V. Recommended for Those Who Cannot Attend Mass in Person. 18th Sunday After Pentecost</a> <a href="The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass.html">The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, Fr. O' Keeffe, 1891</a> <a href="Quo Primum.html">Papal Bull: Quo Primum, the Tridentine Mass for all Times</a> <a href="Why the Latin Mass.html">Why the Mass is in Latin</a> <a href="Catholic Worship.html">Catholic Worship, Explained</a> <a href="Mass at Home.html">Manner of Hearing Mass At Home: For those who on account of sickness, old age, or for other proper reasons cannot assist at holy Mass, especially on Sundays and Holidays</a> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 9th, St. Dionysius and Companions, Martyrs</font><br><br> <img src="10.09.09.jpg"> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Dionysius.html')">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th. He is invoked for tranquility of conscience and against demonic possession.</a> <a href="Index of the Holy Helpers.html">The Fourteen Holy Helpers</a> <a href="First.html">The 1st Commandment</a> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>During this month of October, <br>please visit the links dedicated <br>to the Rosary and Our Lady</i><br><br> <form><select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <option value="Index.html">The Rosary/.Other Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</option> <option value="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the Recitation of the Rosary</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Prayers of Our Ladyof the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</option> <option value="Rosary novena.html">Rosary Novenas</option> <option value="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</option> <option value="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</option> <option value="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</option> <option value="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</option> <option value="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</option> <option value="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Ave Maris Stella.html">Ave Maris Stella</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Refuge of Sinners.html')">Our Lady Refuge of Sinners</option> <option value="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Our Lady of Ransom.html')">Our Lady of Ransom</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Maternity of Mary Popup.html')">The Maternity of Mary</option> <option value="Annunciation.html">The Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Annunciation Weninger.html')">Sermons of Fr. Weninger for the Annunciation</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Annunciation.html')">Children's Sermon for the Feast of the Annunciation</option> <option value="Purification.html">The Purification of the Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('The Humility of Mary.html')">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <option value="Assumption.html">The Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Weninger Sermons.html')">Octave of the Assumption 3 Sermons by Fr.Weninger</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Assumption by St. Alphonsus.html')">The Dormition and Assumption of the B.V.M.</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Life of Mary Litany.html')"> Assumption: Additional Prayers and Devotions</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Vigil of the Assumption.html')">Vigil of the Assumption</option> <option value="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queenship of Mary popup.html')">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Queen of All Saints.html')">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <option value="Our Lady of Guadalupe.html">Devotions to Our Lady of Guadalupe</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Octave Gueranger.html')">2nd - 4th Days within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Octave of the Immaculate Conception Weninger.html')"> Octave of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Defense.html')"> History and Defense of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Immaculate Conception Popup.html')"> Devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Maternity.html">Prayers for Catholic Mothers</option> <option value="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary The Mother of God</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Mary Our Advocate\_Doyle.html')">Mary, Our Advocate with Our Judge, by Fr. Francis Doyle 1879</option> <option value="Presentation of Mary.html">I. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Presentation of Mary 02.html')">II. Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Seven Dolors.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   I.</option> <option value="Sorrowful Mother.html">Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary   II.</option> <option value="Novena of the Seven Sorrows.html">Novena in Honor of the Seven Sorrows of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Seven Dolours Sermon.html')">Our Lady of Sorrows</option> <option value="The Sweetness of the Name of Mary.html">The Sweetness of theName of Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html')">Novena in Honor of the Holy Name of Mary and Psalms of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="Holy Name of Mary.html">The Holy Name of Mary</option> <option value="Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">The Nativity of the BlessedVirgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Novena.html')">Novena of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">The Feast of the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Assumption Novena.html')">Novena for the Assumption</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Life of Mary Litany.html')">Litany of the Life of the Blessed Virgin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Snows.html')">Our Lady of the Snows </option> <option value="Carmel.html">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Novena Our Lady of Mount Carmel.html">Novena to Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Feast of the Scapular.html">The Feast of the Scapular</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Translation of the Holy House.html')">Translation of the Holy House of Loretto</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Carmel popup.html')">History of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</option> <option value="Queenship of Mary.html">The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary </option> <option value="Lourdes.html">Our Lady of Lourdes</option> <option value="Lourdes Novena.html">Novena in Honor of Our Lady of Lourdes and St. Bernadette</option> <option value="Lourdes a History.html">In Defense of the Miracles of Lourdes, A History of Its Apparitions and Cures</option> <option value="Bernadette\_Sequel.html">Inspirational Account of the Life of St. Bernadette and the Apparition of Lourdes</option> <option value="La Salette.html">Our Lady of La Salette</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</option> <option value="Mary Help of Christians.html">Mary Help of Christians</option> <option value="Our Lady of Perpetual Help.html">Perpetual Help</option> <option value="Immaculate Conception.html">Immaculate Conception</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary.html">Immaculate Heart</option> <option value="Immaculate Heart of Mary popup.html">Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</option> <option value="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</option> <option value="A Short Treatise on the Scapular.html">The Confraternity of Our Blessed Lady of Mount Carmel called the Scapular, 1850</option> <option value="Our Lady of Good Counsel.html">Our Lady of Good Counsel: Prayers, Litany and Book, "The Virgin Mother of Good Counsel"</option> <option value="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</option> <option value="Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary Litany.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Set Forth in Her Titles from the Litany of Loreto</option> <option value="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary, as explained by the Church Fathers and prefigured in the Old Testament</option> <option value="The%20Life%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary.html">The Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Joachim and St. Anne, 1859</option> <option value="The Miraculous Medal.html">The Miraculous Medal the Origin and History</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <img src="10.09.09A.jpg"> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">St. John Leonard, Confessor</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">O</font> God, Who vouchsafed to raise up blessed John, Thy Confessor, to spread the faith wondrously among the people, and to gather a new family in the Church to teach the faithful, grant to us Thy servants, that we may so benefit by what he has founded, that we may attain an eternal reward. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.    Amen.<br><br> <i> V. The Lord loved him, and adorned him. <br><br> R. He clothed him with a robe of glory. <br><br> Ant. I will liken him to a wise man that built his house upon a rock. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">J</font>ohn Leonard was born of pious and respectable parents in the town of Diecimo, not far from the city Lucca. From very early childhood he showed himself mature and serious, with an inclination to solitude and prayer. When he was twenty-six years old God called him to enlist among the soldiers of the Church. John renounced immediately all his worldly interests. At first he had to study elementary Latin with little boys, but he soon advanced in a knowledge of literature, philosophy and theology. After scant four years, at the command of his superior, he was ordained to the priesthood. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>oon afterward he and and a group of noble youths, alike inflamed with high ideals, earnestly set about attaining perfection in virtue. The following year they formed the Congregation of Clerks Regular of the Mother of God, a name chosen because of their intense devotion to her. John and his companions labored with such diligence in their care of souls, that before long a change of attitude was brought about. In the city state of Lucca, where through the perfidious wiles of the heretics, hateful passion burned fiercely among the citizens, where morals were corrupted, in a very short space of time the primitive piety of the Christian seemed to revive.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">I</font>n his work for the salvation of souls John met most bitter insults from wicked men who tried in every way to destroy the newly gathered family. But the man of God, bearing all things cheerfully and serenely, defended pertinaciously the fruit of his apostolic labors by securing from the Supreme Pontiff, Gregory XIII, papal approbation of his Congregation. Many bishops about to undertake difficult enterprises sought his advice and aid. Even the Holy Father delegated to him the solution of intricate litigation and the reform of religious societies. He stood in support of Saint Joseph Calasanctius when his society was on the verge of collapse. Scarcely less arduous were the honors John devoted to the affairs of the Hospital of the Holy Spirit in the English section of Rome, and to those of the convent of Saint Frances of Rome.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">G</font>reatly saddened that so many peoples in far distant places were without the light of the Gospel, John burned with a desire to journey to those countries to spread the light of the true faith. But when Saint Philip Neri, who called John a true reformer, showed him that he and his Congregation were destined to educate the Italian people, John acquiesced to the will of God. He did not, however, refrain so completely that he did not try to do some work for the infidels. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">H</font>e is therefore, very rightfully credited along with the pioneer Vives with being the founder of the movement among the bishops to send well-qualified young men to distant, alien lands to propagate the faith. Wherefore he is very properly regarded as the author of that most illustrious institute which augments the work of the Sovereign Pontiffs and serves to spread the Catholic faith through the world. John wrote many works on theology and morality, well adapted to the men of that day. Finally in sack-cloth and ashes, lacking nothing in his sacred ministry, he passed to the Lord in Rome on October 9, 1609, at the age of sixty-six. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 8th, St. Bridget, Widow</font><br><br> <img src="10.08.09.jpg"><br><br> <a href="Immaculate%20Heart%20of%20Mary.html#OLS">Our Lady's Saturday</a> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html">Our Lady of Fatima</a> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#First Saturday">Five First Saturdays</a> <a href="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary; Fatima and the Rosary</a> <a href="Remodel\_your\_home.html">Remodel Your Home After Mary's Heart</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Manning\_Revolt\_Society.html')">The Revolt of Society from God</a> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Bridget of Sweeden.html')">St. Bridget, Widow</a> <a href="St. Bridget of Sweden Book.html">Catholic Book about St. Bridget of Sweden, Imprimatur 1909</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('A Mothers Prayers.html')">A Mother's Prayer for the Conversion of her child</a> <a href="The Christian Mother.html">The Christian Mother</a> <a href="Duties of Parents.html">Duties of Parents</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('What it is to be a Mother.html')">What is it to be a Mother?</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - 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Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</a> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <a href="Rosary novena.html#Promises">15 Promises of the Rosary</a> <a href="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</a> <a href="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</a> <a href="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</a> <a href="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</a> <a href="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <br><br> <i>Related links for the Sacrament of Penance (Confession)</i> <br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="">Select from the Following:</option> <option value="Examine%20Index.html">Examination of Conscience</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On the Vice of Impurity.html#Idolatry')">The Idolatry of the Creature Due to Impurity</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Unchaste Thoughts and Desires.html')">Moral Teaching on Unchaste Thoughts and Desires and Prayers to Overcome Temptations</option> <option value="Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Sacrament of Penance</option> <option value="Confession Q and A.html">The Sacrament of Penance, All of Your Questions Answered</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon\_Confession.html')">On the Benefits of a Good Confession</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Turning from Sin.html')">Two Short Sermons: <br>On Turning from Sin to God <br> The Sentiments of a Penitent Sinner</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Relapse into Sin popup.html')">Causes of Relapse into Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Preparation\_Repentance\_Confession.html')"> On the Preparation Necessary to <br>Make a Good Confession<br><br> On Motives for Repentance and Contrition <br>Necessary for a Good Confession</option> <option value="Self-Examination.html">The Necessity of Self-Examination</option> <option value="Examine 9.html">The Seven Deadly Sins, Nine Ways to Being an Accessory to Another's Sin, Sins Against the Holy Spirit</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Exposition on the Sixth Commandment.html')">The Sixth Commandment: Explained by St. Thomas Aquinas</option> <option value="Ritual%20of%20the%20Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Rite of Confession </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Thirteenth Sunday After Pentecost.html#General Confession')">General Confession</option> <option value="The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin Liguori.html">The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin by St. Alphonsus Liguori</option> <option value="Contrition.html">Contrition</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment.html')">Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment</option> <option value="False Peace Sinful Conscience.html">The False Peace of a Sinful Conscience, by Fr. Hunolt, 1691-1746</option> <option value="Render Our Account.html">Render an Account of Your Life: A Must Read for Every Soul </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Sinner seeks God.html')">The Sinner will Seek God at Death</option> <option value="St. Alphonsu the number of sins.html">On the Number of Sins, by St. Aphonsus Di Liguori</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="Penitent%27s%20Prayer.html">Penitent's Consolation</option> <option value="Sin.html">The Nature of Sin</option> <option value="Folly of Sin.html">The Folly of Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Venial Sins.html')">On Not Making Light of Venial Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Multitude\_of\_Sins.html')">On the Multitude of Our Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon\_Mortal Sin.html')"><br>On the Horror of Mortal Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Spiritual Murder.html')">On Spiritual Murder</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Thursday\_First\_Week\_Lent.html')">Examination of Our Duties <br>and State of Life</option> <option value="Conscience.html">Conscience</option> <option value="Ten%20Commandments%20Index.html">Index of the Ten Commandments</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners.html')">The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners</option> <option value="The Sinners Guide.html">The Sinner's Guide <br>by Ven. Louis of Granada, O.P.</option> <option value="Childrens Confession.html">Catholic Instruction for Children for the Sacrament of Penance, 1897</option> </option></select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">St. Bridget, Widow</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">O</font> Lord, our God, Who through Thy only-begotten Son, revealed the secrets of heaven to blessed Bridget, grant through her loving intercession, that we Thy servants, may rejoice with gladness at the revelation of Thy eternal glory. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.    Amen.<br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Bridget was born into the Swedish royal family in the year 1302, the daughter of very virtuous Christian parents. More than one prophetic episode attended the birth of Bridget, "whose voice would be heard with admiration by the entire world," according to a bishop of her country. Curiously, for three years she said not a word, then began to speak with facility and clarity, like persons of mature years. At the age of seven, after her mother had died, she beheld the Mother of God, who presented her with a beautiful crown. She became sober, modest, candid, humble, and peaceful. At the age of ten she saw Our Lord as He was on the Cross, and she began to meditate constantly on the mysteries of the Passion, while occupying herself exteriorly with needlework.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">I</font>n obedience to her father, she was married to Prince Ulpho of Sweden. Saint Bridget became the mother of eight children, four boys and four girls, one of whom, Saint Catherine of Sweden, is honored as a Saint. Their four sons died young, two during one of the crusades. After some years she and her husband separated by mutual consent; he entered the Cistercian Order, where he died thirty years before his holy spouse. After his death, her life became still more austere; for her guide she had a celebrated Doctor of Theology, a Canon of the cathedral of Linkoeping. Severe for herself, Saint Bridget remained gentle for the poor and nourished twelve persons every day, serving them herself; she established hospices for the sick and the convalescent. She founded the Order of the Holy Saviour for sixty nuns, at the Abbey of Wastein or Wadstena in Sweden.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Bridget received a series of sublime revelations, all of which she scrupulously submitted to the judgment of her confessor. During a famous pilgrimage which she made to Rome at the command of her Lord, He dictated to her the "Fifteen Prayers of Saint Bridget," in honor of His Passion. Saint Bridget also went on pilgrimage to the Holy Land with her daughter, Saint Catherine, and amid the very scenes of the Passion was further instructed in the sacred mysteries. She died in Rome, after her return from this pilgrimage, in 1373. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 7th, The Most Holy Rosary of the Blessed Virgin Mary</font> <br><br> <img src="10.07.09.jpg"> <br><br> <a href="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Holy Rosary with Litany ; Feast of the Most Holy Rosary from the Liturgical Year, 1903</a> <a href="Sacred Heart Enthronement.html">The Enthronement of the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <a href="http://catholicharboroffaithandmorals.com/Devotions%20to%20the%20Sacred%20Heart.html#Sacred%20Heart">First Friday Devotions</a> <a href="Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus.html">Consecration of Children to the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> <br><br> <a href="Feast of the Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Holy Rosary<br>Fr. Francis Xavier Weninger</a> <a href="Epistle Gospel Most Holy Rosary.html">Feast of the Most Holy Rosary, by Rev. Geoffine, 1896</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon Most Holy Rosary.html')">Children's Sermon: Feast of the Holy Rosary</a> <a href="Rosary.html">The History of the Rosary</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('The Excellence of the Rosary.html')">The Excellence of the Rosary, Rev. M. J. Frings, 1912</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Encyclical Rosary.html')">Encyclical on the <br>Recitation of the Rosary</a> <a href="The Book of the Holy Rosary.html">The Book of the Holy Rosary as Explained by the Church Fathers</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Feast of Most Holy Rosary.html')">The Victory of Lepanto and the Most Holy Rosary</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Dominic Prayers.html')">St. Dominic</a> <a href="Sword\_of\_St\_Michael.html">The Sword of Saint Michael, <br>St. Pius V.</a> <br><br> <a href="Rosary how to.html">How to Say the Rosary</a> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <a href="Rosary novena.html#Promises">15 Promises of the Rosary</a> <a href="Joyful.html">Rosary Novena: Joyful Mysteries</a> <a href="Sorrowful.html">Rosary Novena: Sorrowful Mysteries</a> <a href="Glorious.html">Rosary Novena: Glorious Mysteries</a> <a href="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel</a> <a href="Ave Maria.html">Ave Maria</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Index of Childrens Prayer.html">Children Prayers and Sermons</a> <a href="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the <br>Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">The Most Holy Rosary of the Blessed Virgin Mary</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">O</font> God, Whose only-begotten Son by His life, death, and resurrection hath purchased for us the rewards of eternal salvation: grant, we beseech Thee, that, by meditating upon these mysteries in the most holy Rosary of the Blessed Virgin Mary, we may both imitate what they contain, and obtain what they promise. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.    Amen.<br><br> <i> Ant. Who is this beautiful as a dove, like a rose planted by the brooks of water? <br><br> It is the mighty Virgin, like the tower of David; a thousand bucklers hang upon it, all the armor of valiant men. <br><br> Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with thee, blessed art thou among women. <br><br> The Lord hath blessed thee by his power, because by thee he hath brought our enemies to nought. <br><br> The daughters of Sion saw her adorned with the flowers of roses, and declared her most blessed. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">I</font>n thanksgiving for the victory of Lepanto, an ancient stronghold of Greece and a modern port of that nation, Saint Pius V in 1571 instituted an annual feast in honor of Our Lady of Victory. Two years later, Gregory XIII changed this title to Our Lady of the Rosary; in 1740, Clement XII extended the feast to the universal Church.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">W</font>e have related in the life of Saint Pius V the victory of Lepanto; here we will speak of the Rosary itself, granted to Saint Dominic by Our Lady Herself in the thirteenth century, with promises of the greatest blessings for those who recite it well. The Rosary of fifteen decades affords a simple means of meditation on the principal mysteries of our holy Religion, and a means of drawing closer to the Saviour through the intercession of the One to whom He never refuses anything. One can also say the chaplet of five decades, since the fifteen are divided into three groups of five: The Joyful, the Sorrowful, and the Glorious Mysteries of the life of Christ.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">P</font>ope Leo XIII personally started the practice of devoting October to the Rosary devotion. In a letter of September 1, 1883, mindful of the Rosary's power to strengthen faith and foster a life of virtue, he outlined the triumphs of the Rosary in past times and admonished the faithful to dedicate the month of October to the Blessed Virgin through the daily recitation of her Rosary. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">C</font>an one imagine a more perfect prayer than the Holy Rosary of the Queen of Heaven, the Blessed Virgin and Mother Mary? It would require large volumes or even an entire library to narrate the graces and miracles that have been obtained by its humble recitation. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 6th, St. Bruno, Confessor</font><br><br> <img src="10.06.09.jpg"><br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Bruno.html')">St. Bruno, Confessor</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Live in Sin.html')">They that Live in Sin</a> <a href="Unworthy Communion.html">Unworthy Communion</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Death-Bed Conversion.html')">Death-Bed Repentance</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon\_Temptation\_Discouragement.html')">On the Use of Temptations and How to Overcome Discouragement</a> <a href="Protection of the Holy Angels Against the Devils.html"> The Devils Plan to Ruin Souls and the Protection of the Holy Angels</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Unchaste Thoughts and Desires.html')">Moral Teaching on Unchaste Thoughts and Desires</a> <a href="#guardian">Links to the Guardian Angels During the Entire Month of October</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Index of Childrens Prayer.html">Children Prayers and Sermons</a> <a href="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the <br>Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">St. Bruno, Confessor</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">O</font> Lord, we beseech Thee, that we may be helped by the intercession of the holy Bruno, Thy Confessor, so that we who have offended Thy divine majesty by our grevious sinning, may through his merits and prayers, obtain forgiveness of our offenses. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.    Amen.<br><br> <i> V. The Lord loved him and adorned him. <br><br> R. He clothed him with a robe of glory. <br><br> Ant. I will liken him to a wise man that built his house upon a rock. </i> <br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Bruno was born in Cologne in about the year 1030, of an illustrious family. He was endowed with rare natural gifts, which soon shone with outstanding brilliance in Paris, though he was studying among other gifted young men. Ordained at Cologne, his native city, he became a Canon of its cathedral, and then was a Canon at Rheims, where the direction of studies in theology was entrusted to him. He already had a very strong distaste for honors, and a great desire for the life of contemplation.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">O</font>n the death of the excellent Gervais, Archbishop of Rheims, the region fell for a time into evil hands, and Bruno, who had resisted the decay of religion, became the object of a persecution. He stood firm and called for a papal legate; a council was assembled at Autun, of which Bruno was the soul, and the intruder at Rheims was repulsed, to die later in total obscurity. Bruno was not yet forty years old, but all desired that he assume the charge of the see; yet he could not bring himself to accept this honor. He retired from Rheims, and resolved to forsake the world definitively, to live a life of retirement and penance. Others joined him in retreat, desiring the pursuit of perfection, according to the means Christ prescribed. If you will be perfect, go, sell all that you have and give it to the poor, and you shall have treasure in heaven; and come, follow Me. (Matthew 19:21) Saint Bruno aspired to a desert and, inspired by God, looked towards the Alps of the east.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">W</font>ith six companions, four priests and two laymen, Saint Bruno applied to Hugh, Bishop of Grenoble, who led them to a wild solitude called the Chartreuse. There they lived in poverty, self-denial, and silence, each apart in his own cell, meeting only for the worship of God, and employing themselves in copying books. From the name of the solitude the Order of Saint Bruno was called the Carthusian Order. Six years later, Urban II called Bruno to Rome, that he might benefit from his counsel. Bruno tried to live there as he had lived in the desert; but the echoes of the great city disturbed his solitude, and, after refusing high dignities, he finally obtained, by force of persuasion, the permission of the Pope to resume his monastic life, this time in Calabria, with only a few companions. There he lived, in humility and mortification and great peace, until his blessed death occurred, in the arms of his faithful monks, in 1101. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 5th, St. Placid and Companions, Martyrs</font><br><br> <img src="10.05.09.jpg"><br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Pacidus and Companions.html')">St. Placid and companions, Martyrs</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon\_Christian Self\_Love.html')">On Christian Self-Love and <br>the Necessity of Holy Fear and Avoiding Sloth</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Resisting the Enemies of Our Salvation.html')">Part 12:  Resisting the Enemies of Our Salvation</a> <a href="The Sin Unto Death.html">The Sin Unto Death and the 7 Capital Sins<br>by Cardinal Manning</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('time.html')">Time is No More</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Index of Childrens Prayer.html">Children Prayers and Sermons</a> <a href="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the <br>Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">St. Placid and Companions, Martyrs</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">O</font> God, by whose grace we keep the festival of Thy holy Martyrs Placidus and his Companions: grant that we may enjoy their fellowship in everlasting bliss. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.    Amen.<br><br> <i> <br><br> Ant. For theirs is the kingdom of heaven, who have despised the life of the world, and have attained to the rewards of the kingdom, and have washed their robes int he blood of the Lamb. <br><br> V. Be glad in the Lord, and rejoice, ye just. <br><br> R. And glory all ye upright of heart. <br><br> (Roman Breviary) <br><br><br> </i> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Placid was born in Rome, in the year 515, of a patrician family, and at seven years of age was taken by his father to the Benedictine monastery of Subiaco, recently founded, to be educated. At thirteen years of age he followed Saint Benedict to a new foundation at Monte Cassino, where he grew up in the practices of a wonderful austerity and innocence of life.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">H</font>e had scarcely completed his twenty-first year when he was chosen to found a monastery at Messina, in Sicily, upon some estates which had been given by his father to Saint Benedict. He spent four years in building that monastery. There miracles made him known, and it was said that his humility was so perfect and had such charm, that it earned for him the affection of all. He could not see a poor man without hastening to aid him. One day he cured all the sick of the island at the same time, when they were brought and assembled before him for his benediction.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>he fifth year spent by the monks in Messina had not yet ended when a band of Saracen pirates who had already killed a great many persons, burnt everything to the ground in 541. They then put to a lingering death not only Placid and thirty monks who had joined him, but also his two brothers, Eutychius and Victorinus, and his holy sister Flavia, who had come to visit him. The entire flotilla of the invaders perished when these barbarians left the island, amid a sudden storm; although they had a hundred ships and were 16,800 in number, not one ship or passenger survived. A religious who had escaped notice wrote to Saint Benedict an account of the massacre, after burying the martyrs. Saint Placid was the first Benedictine martyr, and the monastery of Messina, which was rebuilt not long afterwards, was henceforth known by his name. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 4th, St. Francis of Assisi, Confessor</font><br><br><br> <img src="10.04.09.jpg"><br><br> <a href="St. Francis.html">Devotions to St. Francis of Assisi</a> <a href="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Instructions\_Feast\_of\_St\_Francis\_Assisi.html')">Instructions for the Feast of the St. Francis of Assisi</a> <a href="Little Flower of St. Francis.html">The Little Flowers of St. Francis</a> <a href="Works of the Seraphic Father.html">Works of the Seraphic Father St. Francis of Assisi</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Stigmata of St. Francis.html')">Stigmata of St. Francis with Litany to St. Francis</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Clare popup.html')">St. Clare, Virgin</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Francis of Assisi and the Devil.html')">St. Francis of Assisi and his Confrontations with devils</a> <a href="Lead us not into Temptation.html">Lead us not into Temptation: from the Council of Trent</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon\_Temptation\_Discouragement.html')">On the Use of Temptations and How to Overcome Discouragement</a> <a href="javascript:popUp('Vianney Beware if you have no Temptations.html')">Beware if you have no Temptations: Sermon by St. John Vianney</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Index of Childrens Prayer.html">Children Prayers and Sermons</a> <a href="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the <br>Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">St. Francis of Assisi, Confessor</font><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">O</font> God, Who through the merits of blessed Francis, gavest increase to Thy Church by enriching her with new children: may we so follow his example as to despise the things of this world, and always rejoice in partaking of thy heavenly gifts. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.    Amen.<br><br> <i> V. The Lord loved him and adorned him. <br><br> R. He clothed him with a robe of glory. <br><br> Ant. I will liken him to a wise man that built his house upon a rock. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Francis, the son of a merchant of Assisi, was born in the year 1182 in a poor stable, his birth already prophesying the Saint who would preach poverty to a world seduced by luxury. Though chosen by God to be for the world a living manifestation of Christ's poor and suffering life on earth, in his youth he was generous, always of equal humor, and much appreciated by his friends; he was fond of splendors, fine clothing, and good company, and easily won the affection of all who knew him. More than once various holy persons foretold for him a future of glory, but in veiled terms. Francis did not understand these predictions, and supposed he would become the leader of a large militia.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>he military life he had adopted ended when Jesus told him he was destined to fight another kind of combat, one against the demon and sin; that the grandeurs predicted were spiritual, not temporal -- and to return home. He became inspired with a great esteem for poverty and humiliation. The thought of the Man of Sorrows, who had nowhere to lay His head, filled him with holy envy of the poor, and constrained him to renounce the wealth and the worldly station which he had come to abhor. One day, while on horseback, he met a leper begging alms who inspired him with repugnance, and he took a path to avoid him. Then, repenting, he turned his horse around and returned to embrace him and give him a generous alms, as was his custom for all beggars. He continued on his way, but looked back, and nowhere on the plain could the stranger be seen, though there were no trees, no refuges anywhere. He was from that day a completely transformed person.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">H</font>e decided to use his wealth to care for the poor and the sick, and dedicate himself in person to the same works. When he prayed one day in the little chapel to do only what God willed of him, the Saviour spoke again to him, repeating three times the mysterious words: "Go, Francis, and repair My house which is falling into ruin." He then undertook to repair the old church of San Damiano where he had heard these words, retiring for refuge to a grotto. He was regarded as a fool by the people, when he returned to the city in the clothing of a poor beggar. This was indeed the folly of the Cross.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">F</font>rancis renounced his heritage definitively, to beg thereafter his daily sustenance and what he needed for the repair of the church, and left the city singing the praises of God. He repaired two other churches. The love of God which was burning brightly in the poor man of Assisi began to give light and warmth to many others also, and it was not long before several came to join him. One of them was a very wealthy man of Assisi, the second a Canon of the Assisi cathedral, and the third the now Blessed Brother Gilles. They adopted the absolute poverty of Francis, and the foundations of the Franciscan Order were laid. They were first called the "penitents of Assisi." No counsels could make Francis change his resolution to possess nothing at all. God revealed to him then that he was to found a religious Order.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">P</font>ope Innocent III, when Francis with his first twelve companions journeyed to Rome, after first rebuffing them, recognized him as the monk God showed him in a vision, supporting on his shoulders the Church of Saint John Latran, which was growing decrepit. He received the profession of Francis and his twelve companions, and in 1215 they were formally constituted as a religious Order, which then spread rapidly throughout Christendom.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">I</font>n 1216, Saint Francis after assembling his religious, sent them out to preach in France, Spain, England and Germany, where they established monasteries, lasting proofs of the efficacy of their missions. A second general Chapter was held in 1219 on the feast of Pentecost, and the little Brothers gathered from all over the world at Saint Mary of the Angels, the church which Francis and his first twelve disciples had received only nine years earlier. Cabins of reeds and tents were put up all over the countryside. The Cardinal who visited them exclaimed, with tears in his eyes, "O Brother, truly this is the camp of the Lord!" They were more than 5,000 in number. Saint Francis exhorted his brethren: "My Brothers, above all, let us love the Holy Church; let us pray for her exaltation, and never abandon poverty. Is it not written, 'Trust in the Lord, and He Himself will sustain you' "?<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">F</font>rancis, after visiting the Orient in a vain quest for martyrdom, spent his life like his Divine Master -- now in preaching to the multitudes, now amid the desert solitudes in fasting and contemplation. His constant prayer was "My God and my All!" During one of these retreats on Mount Alverno, he received on his hands, feet, and side the imprints of the five wounds of Jesus. With the cry, "Welcome, sister Death!" he passed to the glory of his God, October 4, 1226, at the age of 44 years. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 3rd, St. Theresa of the Child Jesus, Virgin</font><br><br> <img src="Saint of the Day.jpg"> <br><br> <a href="St. Theresa.html">St. Theresa of the Child Jesus</a> <a href="St. Theresa popup.html">St. Theresa Additional Prayers</a> <a href="Holy%20Face.html">St. Theresa had a Special Devotion to the Holy Face of Jesus</a> <a href="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa: <br>Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <a href="Purgatory Index.html">Index of Prayers for the Holy Souls in Purgatory</a> <a href="Index of Childrens Prayer.html">Children Prayers and Sermons</a> <a href="Thirty Days Prayer.html">30 Days Prayer to the <br>Blessed Virgin Mary</a> <a href="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from Candlemas until Advent</a> <a href="Rosary how to.html">Daily Rosary: Joyful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Sorrowful.html">Daily Rosary: Sorrowful Mysteries with Meditations</a> <a href="Rosary how to Glorious.html">Daily Rosary: Glorious Mysteries with Meditations</a> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">St. Theresa of the Child Jesus, Virgin</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="5">O</font> Lord, Who hast said, unless you become as little children you shall not enter into the kingdom of heaven: grant, we beseech Thee, that we may so follow the holy virgin Teresa, in humility and simplicity of heart, that we may attain to an everlasting reward. Who livest etc.<br><br> <i> (Roman Breviary) <br><br> Ant. Come, Spouse of Christ, receive the crown, which the Lord hath prepared for thee for all eternity. <br><br> V. With thy comeliness and thy beauty. <br><br> R. Set out, proceed prosperously, and reign. </i> <br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">M</font>arie Francoise Therese Martin, known as the Little Flower of Jesus, was born January 2, 1873 at Alenon in Normandy, France, of very Christian parents. The Martins, who lost four of their little ones in early infancy or childhood, regarded their children as gifts from heaven and offered them to God before their birth. Therese was the last flower of this blessed stem, which gave four Sisters to the Carmel of Lisieux, still another to the Visitation of Caen. The five sisters were left without their mother, a victim of cancer, when Therese was only four years old; but her two oldest sisters were of an age to take excellent care of the household and continue the Christian character formation of the younger ones, which their mother had initiated. Their saintly father was soon to see his little flock separated, however, when one after the other they left to enter religious life. He blessed each one and gave them all back to God, with humble gratitude to God for having chosen his daughters.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">F</font>rom childhood Therese had manifested a tender piety which her naturally lively temperament could not alter. Her mother's death affected her profoundly, however, and at the age of nine she was visited with a severe trial in the form of an illness the doctors could not diagnose, and which seemed incurable. She was instantly restored to her ordinary good health by the Virgin Mary, in answer to her desolate sisters' prayers; Therese saw Her statue become animated, to smile at her with an ineffable tenderness as she lay on her bed of suffering.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">B</font>efore the age of fifteen Therese already desired to enter the Carmel of Lisieux, where her two eldest sisters were already nuns; a trip to Rome and a petition at the knees of the Holy Father Leo XIII gave her the inalterable answer that her Superiors would regulate the matter. Many prayers finally obtained an affirmative reply to her ardent request, and four months after her fifteenth birthday she entered Carmel with an ineffable joy. She could say then, "I no longer have any desire but to love Jesus even to folly."<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>he adopted flowers as the symbol of her love for her Divine Spouse and offered all her little daily sacrifices and works as rose petals at the feet of Jesus. Divine Providence gave to the world the autobiography of this true Saint, whose little way of spiritual childhood was described in her own words in her Story of a Soul. She could not offer God the macerations of the great soldiers of God, only her desires to love Him as they had loved Him, and to serve Him in every way possible. She chose "all" in spirit, for her beloved Lord. Later she would be named patroness of missions. Her spirituality does not imply only sweetness and light, however; this loving child of God passed by a tunnel of desolate spiritual darkness, yet never ceased to smile at Him, wanting to serve Him, if it were possible, without His even knowing it.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">W</font>hen nine years had passed in the Carmel, the little flower was ready to be plucked for heaven; and in a slow agony of consumption, Therese made her final offering to God. She suffered so severely that she said she would never have believed it possible, and could only explain it by her desire to save souls for God. She died in 1897, was beatified in 1923 and canonized in 1925. And now, as she foretold, she is spending her heaven in doing good upon earth. Countless miracles have been attributed to her intercession. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <A NAME="Sunday"style="border-style: none"/></a> <br> <img src = "17th Sunday Miniature.jpg"><br><br> <i> To the cunning question of the Pharisee as to which was the greatest commandment in the Law, Jesus Christ, replied: "Thou shalt love the Lord, thy God, with thy whole heart, with they whole soul, and with they whole mind." However as Jesus Christ knew that we frequently forget another most important obligation, He added and insisted that there is a second commandment, that of loving our neighbor, for it is not possible to love God and at the same time to hate our neighbor. <br><br> Jesus Christ recommends the love of neighbor as most necessary by reason of the selfishness of mankind. Let us be Christian in our relations with our neighbor, loving not merely in words but by deeds, practising corporal and spiritual works of genuine charity. </i> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Seventeenth Sunday After Pentecost.html')">17th Sunday After Pentecost<br>The Love God and Neighbor</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Seventeenth Sunday After Pentecost\_Gospel.html')">Seventeenth Sunday After Pentecost: Instruction on the One Only Saving Faith</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Childrens Sermon 17th Sunday After Pentecost.html')">Children's Sermon for 17th Sunday After Pentecost</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</a> <a href="Law Arthur Devine.html">Explanation of the Law of God</a> <a href="Ten Commandments Index.html">Index of the Ten Commandments</a> <a href="Mass at Home.html">Manner of Hearing Mass At Home: For those who on account of sickness, old age, or for other proper reasons cannot assist at holy Mass, especially on Sundays and Holidays</a> <a href="Communion.html">Spiritual Communion</a> <a href="Corporal Works of Mercy.html">The Corporal Works of Mercy</a> <a href="Spiritual Works of Mercy.html">The Spiritual Works of Mercy</a> <a href="Goffine\_Mass\_Parts.html">A Devout Guide to follow the Tridentine Latin Mass of Pope St. Pius V. Recommended for Those Who Cannot Attend Mass in Person. 17th Sunday After Pentecost</a> <a href="The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass.html">The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, Fr. O' Keeffe, 1891</a> <a href="Quo Primum.html">Papal Bull: Quo Primum, the Tridentine Mass for all Times</a> <a href="Why the Latin Mass.html">Why the Mass is in Latin</a> <a href="Catholic Worship.html">Catholic Worship, Explained</a> <br><br><br><br><br> <A NAME="Gangel"style="border-style: none"/></a> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 2nd, The Feast of the Holy Guardian Angels. First Saturday</font> <br><br> <img src="Saint of the Day 10.02.08.jpg"><br><br> <br><br> <a href="Guardian.html">Guardian Angels</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Guardian Angels Novena.html')">Novena to the Guardian Angels</a> <a href="Guardian Angels New.html">The Feast of the Guardian Angels</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Memoirs\_Guardian\_Angel.html')">Catholic Book: Memoirs of a Guardian Angel</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Instructions for Feast of Guardian Angels\_Challoner\_2019.html')"> Instructions for the Feast of the Guardian Angels and Sermon by Bishop Challoner</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Guardian Angels Popup.html')">Devotions to the <br>Guardian Angels</a> <a href="Guardian Angels Children.html">Children's Devotions to the Guardian Angels</a> <a href="Your Guardian Angel throughout Life.html">Your Guardian Angel<br> throughout Life</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Bonaventure Guardian Angel.html')"> The Twelve Works of Our Guardian Angel</a> <a href="Dedication of St. Michael.html">St. Michael the Guardian Angel of the Blessed Sacrament</a> <a href="http://catholicharboroffaithandmorals.com/Videos3.html#Guardian">Video on Guardian Angels</a> <br><br> <i>Please wait until the entire video is loaded before viewing. This applies to all of our videos on the same page.</i> <br><br> <a href="October 2nd.html">October Meditations Dedicated to the Holy Angels</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Litany of the Holy Angels.html')">Litany of the Holy Angels</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Our Lady Queen of Angels.html')">Our Lady Queen of Angels</a> <a href="October Month Sanctified.html">Twelve Months Sanctified by Prayer, October--Dedicated to the Angels</a> <a href="Liturgy and Angels.html">Angels in the Liturgy</a> <a href="Protection of the Holy Angels Against the Devils.html"> The Devils Plan to Ruin Souls and the Protection of the Holy Angels</a> <a href="The Spiritual Combat.html">The Spiritual Combat</a> <a href="GoodBadAngels.html">Good and Bad Angels</a> <a href="Three Archangels.html">The Three Archangels and the Guardian Angels in Art, 1899</a> <a href="Exorcism.html">St. Michael the Archangel/ Exorcism Prayer</a> <a href="Raphael.html">St. Raphael, the Archangel.</a> <a href="Gabriel.html">St. Gabriel the Archangel</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <i>Related links for the Sacrament of Penance</i> <br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="">Select from the Following:</option> <option value="Examine%20Index.html">Examination of Conscience</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On the Vice of Impurity.html#Idolatry')">The Idolatry of the Creature Due to Impurity</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Unchaste Thoughts and Desires.html')">Moral Teaching on Unchaste Thoughts and Desires and Prayers to Overcome Temptations</option> <option value="Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Sacrament of Penance</option> <option value="Confession Q and A.html">The Sacrament of Penance, All of Your Questions Answered</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon\_Confession.html')">On the Benefits of a Good Confession</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Turning from Sin.html')">Two Short Sermons: <br>On Turning from Sin to God <br> The Sentiments of a Penitent Sinner</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Relapse into Sin popup.html')">Causes of Relapse into Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Preparation\_Repentance\_Confession.html')"> On the Preparation Necessary to <br>Make a Good Confession<br><br> On Motives for Repentance and Contrition <br>Necessary for a Good Confession</option> <option value="Self-Examination.html">The Necessity of Self-Examination</option> <option value="Examine 9.html">The Seven Deadly Sins, Nine Ways to Being an Accessory to Another's Sin, Sins Against the Holy Spirit</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Exposition on the Sixth Commandment.html')">The Sixth Commandment: Explained by St. Thomas Aquinas</option> <option value="Ritual%20of%20the%20Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Rite of Confession </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Thirteenth Sunday After Pentecost.html#General Confession')">General Confession</option> <option value="The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin Liguori.html">The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin<br>by St. Alphonsus Liguori</option> <option value="Contrition.html">Contrition</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment.html')">Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment</option> <option value="False Peace Sinful Conscience.html">The False Peace of a Sinful Conscience, by Fr. Hunolt, 1691-1746</option> <option value="Render Our Account.html">Render an Account of Your Life: A Must Read for Every Soul </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Sinner seeks God.html')">The Sinner will Seek God at Death</option> <option value="St. Alphonsu the number of sins.html">On the Number of Sins, by St. Aphonsus Di Liguori</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="Penitent%27s%20Prayer.html">Penitent's Consolation</option> <option value="Sin.html">The Nature of Sin</option> <option value="Folly of Sin.html">The Folly of Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Venial Sins.html')">On Not Making Light of Venial Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Multitude\_of\_Sins.html')">On the Multitude of Our Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon\_Mortal Sin.html')"><br>On the Horror of Mortal Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Spiritual Murder.html')">On Spiritual Murder</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Thursday\_First\_Week\_Lent.html')">Examination of Our Duties <br>and State of Life</option> <option value="Conscience.html">Conscience</option> <option value="Ten%20Commandments%20Index.html">Index of the Ten Commandments</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners.html')">The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners</option> <option value="The Sinners Guide.html">The Sinner's Guide <br>by Ven. Louis of Granada, O.P.</option> <option value="Childrens Confession.html">Catholic Instruction for Children for the Sacrament of Penance, 1897</option> </option></select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">The Feast of the Holy Guardian Angels</font> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">O</font> God, Who in Thy inexpressible providence, hast deigned to send Thy Holy Angels to guard us; grant, we humbly pray that we may ever be sheltered and shielded by them here, and rejoice in their fellowship hereafter. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.    Amen. <br><br> <i> Ant. God hath given His Angels charge over thee, to keep thee in all thy ways. <br><br> Let us bless the Lord whom the Angels praise, unto whom the Cherubim and Seraphim cry: Holy, Holy, Holy. <br><br> Their Angels always behold the face of My Father who is in heaven. <br><br> Blessed be God, who sent His Angel, and delivered His servants who trusted in Him. <br><br> Praise ye God, all His Angels; praise ye Him, all His hosts. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">G</font>od does not abandon to what we call "chance," any of His creatures. By His essence and providence He is everywhere present; not a sparrow falls to the ground, nor a hair from our heads, without His consent. He is not content, however, with assisting His creation daily and at every moment, with sustaining His handiwork, which without His continuous support would return to dust. His divine and infinite Love, not only maintaining the existence which He gives and perpetuates in living beings, has charged His Holy Angels with the ministry of watching and safeguarding each one of His rational creatures.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>he Angels, divided into nine hierarchies, have varied obligations. Their intelligence and prudence are penetrating like the beam of a lighthouse; so it appears even when we compare it to the best of human intelligences, which are like the light of a little candle in contrast. An Angel, visualizing an end to be attained, sees instantly the means necessary to achieve it, whereas we must pray, study, deliberate, inquire, and choose during many phases of effort, in order to reach our proposed ends.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">K</font>ingdoms have their Angels assigned to them; dignitaries of the Church and of the world have more than one Angel to guide them; and every child who enters into the world receives a Guardian Angel. Our Lord says in the Gospel: "Beware lest you scandalize any of these little ones, for their Angels in heaven behold the face of My Father." Thus the existence of Guardian Angels is a dogma of the Christian faith, based on Holy Scripture itself. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">October 1st, St. Remigius, <br>Bishop and Confessor. First Saturday.</font><br><br> <img src="10.01.08.jpg"> <br><br> <a href="Immaculate%20Heart%20of%20Mary.html#OLS">Our Lady's Saturday and First Saturday Act of Reparation</a> <a href="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#First Saturday">Five First Saturdays</a> <a href="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary; Fatima and the Rosary</a> <a href="Remodel\_your\_home.html">Remodel Your Home After Mary's Heart</a> <a href="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis Marie de Monfort</a> <br><br> <a href="javascript:popUp3('St. Remigius.html')">October 1st, St. Remigius Bishop and Confessor</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Abjuration of Heresy and Profession of Faith.html')">Abjuration of Heresy and Profession of Faith of the Council of Trent, Pius IV., 1565</a> <a href="Baptism.html">The Sacrament of Baptism</a> <a href="The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin Liguori.html">The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin<br>by St. Alphonsus Liguori</a> <a href="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</a> <a href="First.html">The 1st Commandment</a> <a href="Meditations on Saving Your Soul.html">Meditations on Saving Your Soul: Will it be Heaven or Hell?</a> <a href="Father%20Daman%20Lecture%201.html">No Salvation Outside the Catholic Church</a> <a href="October Month Sanctified.html">Twelve Months Sanctified by Prayer, October--Dedicated to the Angels</a> <br><br> <i>October Novenas can also be said at any time before or after the Saints Feast Day.</i><br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="Index.html">October Novenas</option> <option value="Guardian Angels Novena.html">Novena to Our Angel Guardian: Sept. 24th - Oct. 2nd</option> <option value="St. Theresa.html#Novena">Novena to St. Theresa of the Little Flower from Sept. 25th - Oct. 3rd</option> <option value="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena of the Most Holy Rosary from Sept. 29th - Oct. 7th</option> <option value="St. Bridget of Sweeden.html#Novena">Novena to St. Bridget of Sweeden from Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</option> <option value="St. Dionysius.html">Novena to St. Dionysius, Holy Helper, from Oct. 1st - Oct. 9th</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Maternity of Mary Popup.html#Novena')">Novena in Honor of the Materinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Oct. 3rd - Oct. 11th</option> <option value="St. Francis.html#Novena">Novena to St. Francis of Assisi: Oct. 4th - Oct. 12th</option> <option value="Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Apparition.html#Fatima Prayers">Our Lady of Fatima:<br>Novena Oct. 5th - Oct. 13th</option> <option value="St. Teresa of Jesus Novena Book.html">Novena to St. Teresa of Jesus: Oct. 7th - Oct. 15th</option> <option value="St. Margaret Mary Popup 2.html#Novena">Novena to St. Margaret Mary Alocque: Oct. 9th - Oct. 17th</option> <option value="Raphael.html#Novena">Novena to Archangel St. Raphael, <br>from Oct. 16th - Oct. 24th</option> <option value="St.%20Jude.html">Novena to St. Jude, Apostle <br>from Oct. 20th - Oct. 28th</option> <option value="Christ the King New Page.html">Novena to Christ Our King <br>from Oct. 22nd - Oct. 30th</option> <option value="Fatima Novena Booklet.html">Novena of Reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary<br>from Oct. 23rd - Oct. 31st</option> <option value="St. Charles Borromeo Popup.html#Novena">Novena to St. Charles Borromeo: Oct. 27th - Nov. 4th</option> <option value="Novena of All Saints.html">All Saints Novena begins on the Vigil of All Saints through the Octave: Oct. 31st - Nov. 8th</option> <option value="Novena for the Relief of the Poor Souls in Purgatory.html">All Souls Novena begins on All Souls Day: Nov. 2nd - Nov. 10th</option> </select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="2"> THE OCTOBER ROSARY<br><br> His Holiness, Leo XIII., by his Encyclical Supremi Apostolatus, September I, 1883, and by a decree of the S. Congr. of Rites, August 20, 1885, had granted and confirmed some Indulgences for the saying of the Rosary during the month of October; then by a rescript of the S. Congr. of Indulgences, July 23, 1898, he made perpetual and modified them, granting to the faithful who, during the said month, publicly in church or privately anywhere, recite at least a third part of the Rosary; An Indulgence Of Seven Years. </font> <br><br> <a href="Most Holy Rosary Popup.html">Novena for the Feast of the Most Holy Rosary: Sept. 30th - Oct. 8th</a> <a href="Rosary novena.html">54 Day Rosary Novena--27 Days of Petition and 27 Days of Thanksgiving</a> <br><br> <i>Related links for the Sacrament of Penance (Confession)</i> <br><br> <select onchange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none';color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:10pt;"> <option value="">Select from the Following:</option> <option value="Examine%20Index.html">Examination of Conscience</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On the Vice of Impurity.html#Idolatry')">The Idolatry of the Creature Due to Impurity</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Unchaste Thoughts and Desires.html')">Moral Teaching on Unchaste Thoughts and Desires and Prayers to Overcome Temptations</option> <option value="Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Sacrament of Penance</option> <option value="Confession Q and A.html">The Sacrament of Penance, All of Your Questions Answered</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon\_Confession.html')">On the Benefits of a Good Confession</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Turning from Sin.html')">Two Short Sermons: <br>On Turning from Sin to God <br> The Sentiments of a Penitent Sinner</option> <option value="javascript:popUp('Relapse into Sin popup.html')">Causes of Relapse into Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Preparation\_Repentance\_Confession.html')"> On the Preparation Necessary to <br>Make a Good Confession<br><br> On Motives for Repentance and Contrition <br>Necessary for a Good Confession</option> <option value="Self-Examination.html">The Necessity of Self-Examination</option> <option value="Examine 9.html">The Seven Deadly Sins, Nine Ways to Being an Accessory to Another's Sin, Sins Against the Holy Spirit</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Exposition on the Sixth Commandment.html')">The Sixth Commandment: Explained by St. Thomas Aquinas</option> <option value="Ritual%20of%20the%20Sacrament%20of%20Penance.html">Rite of Confession </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Thirteenth Sunday After Pentecost.html#General Confession')">General Confession</option> <option value="The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin Liguori.html">The Necessity of Avoiding Occasions of Sin by St. Alphonsus Liguori</option> <option value="Contrition.html">Contrition</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('On Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment.html')">Contrition and the Purpose of Amendment</option> <option value="False Peace Sinful Conscience.html">The False Peace of a Sinful Conscience, by Fr. Hunolt, 1691-1746</option> <option value="Render Our Account.html">Render an Account of Your Life: A Must Read for Every Soul </option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Sinner seeks God.html')">The Sinner will Seek God at Death</option> <option value="St. Alphonsu the number of sins.html">On the Number of Sins, by St. Aphonsus Di Liguori</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="Penitent%27s%20Prayer.html">Penitent's Consolation</option> <option value="Sin.html">The Nature of Sin</option> <option value="Folly of Sin.html">The Folly of Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Venial Sins.html')">On Not Making Light of Venial Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Multitude\_of\_Sins.html')">On the Multitude of Our Sins</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Five Minute Sermon\_Mortal Sin.html')"><br>On the Horror of Mortal Sin</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Spiritual Murder.html')">On Spiritual Murder</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Challoner\_Thursday\_First\_Week\_Lent.html')">Examination of Our Duties <br>and State of Life</option> <option value="Conscience.html">Conscience</option> <option value="Ten%20Commandments%20Index.html">Index of the Ten Commandments</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('Hunolt Keeping the Commandments.html')">Sermon on Keeping the 10 Commandments</option> <option value="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">The Conversion of Sinners</option> <option value="javascript:popUp3('The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners.html')">The Necessity of Prayer for Sinners</option> <option value="The Sinners Guide.html">The Sinner's Guide <br>by Ven. Louis of Granada, O.P.</option> <option value="Childrens Confession.html">Catholic Instruction for Children for the Sacrament of Penance, 1897</option> </option></select> </form> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">St. Remigius, Bishop and Confessor</font><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">G</font>rant, we beseech Thee, Almighty God; that the holy festival of blessed Remigius Thy Confessor and Bishop, may both increase our devotion and advance our salvation. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end.    Amen. <br><br> <i> Ant. O Priest and Bishop, and workers of virtues, good shepherd of the people, pray unto the Lord for us. <br><br> V. The Lord loved him and adorned him. <br><br> R. He clothed him with a robe of glory. <br><br> (Roman Breviary)<br><br><br> </i> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">S</font>aint Remi or Remigius was born in the middle of the fifth century, of noble and pious parents. His mother, Saint Celine, had borne two other sons before him; the eldest, Saint Principius, became the twelfth bishop of Soissons, and the second was the father of Saint Lupus, thirteenth bishop of the same see. Saint Remi was given to his parents many years later, miraculously; a blind hermit named Montanus, afflicted by the state of religion in the churches of Gaul, was told three times, supernaturally, to advise his worthy parents that they would have a son who would be the light of the Francs, and would bring these new conquerors out of the idolatry in which they were plunged.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">T</font>he child born to them in fulfillment of the prediction, was at the age of twenty-two years acclaimed Archbishop of Rheims, despite his humble doubts as to his competence. He was unusually tall, his countenance manifested a blend of majesty and serenity; his bearing was gentle, humble, and retiring. He was learned and eloquent, and his pity and charity were boundless. In his labors he knew no weariness. His body was the outward expression of a noble and holy soul, breathing the spirit of meekness and compunction. The archbishop received the gift of miracles. When a great fire was threatening the city of Rheims with total ruin, by his presence he arrested it; he faced it with a crucifix and made the sign of the cross, and the flames retired as he advanced. He resurrected a young woman, and his fame continued to increase.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">F</font>or His predestined servant, God had a particular and great work in store. The south of France was in the hands of Arians, and in the last years of the 5th century the pagan Franks were wresting the north from the Romans. But Saint Remigius was loved by Clovis, the fifth of the Merovingian kings. The king was converted and baptized by him in 496, after winning the famous battle of Tolbiac, to fulfill a promise he had made to adopt the religion of his Christian wife if he repulsed the invading armies. A very large army of invaders, which had cast all of France into panic, fled in disarray when the small army of Clovis attacked, and their leader was slain.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">C</font>lovis had married the noble Christian maiden known to us as Saint Clotilda, and these three acting concertedly gained virtually the entire nation to the Christian religion. The army was baptized at the same time as Clovis, by Saint Remi and his assistants. The Saint threw down the altars of the idols, built churches, and appointed bishops. He silenced the Arians and presided at the Catholic First Council of Orleans. Eventually he converted so many that he left France a Catholic kingdom; its king was also the first crowned son of the Church, and at that time the only one. Ever since Saint Remi, Catholic France has rejoiced in its title of eldest daughter of the Church.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; " size="4">A</font>fter an episcopate of seventy-four years, the longest on record, Saint Remi died in 533, leaving to France his famous Testament, predicting God's graces of predilection for this blessed kingdom, as long as its Heads remained faithful to Him, with the most severe chastisements if the contrary ensued. The prophecy has already been fulfilled three times, as the nation's Catholic historians affirm, for the three royal dynasties. <br><br><br> <br><br><br>                           <font style="" size="7">&#134</font><br> <img src="Divider%20Sidebar.jpg"><br><br><br><br> <BR><Br><BR> <hr><br><brz </font style> </div> <div id="main"> <div style="text-align: center; padding-left: 5%; padding-right: 5%"> <br> <img src="NEW CHRISTMAS CAVE PAINTING.jpg"><br><br> <div style="text-align: center; padding-left: 2%; padding-right: 2%;"> <font style="" size="4"> <img src="Chorus of the Faithful.jpg"><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; "size="3"> Christ is born! Let us rejoice and adore! Isa. ix. 6: "A Child is born to us and a Son is given to us . . . and His name shall be called Wonderful Counsellor, God the Mighty, the Father of the world to come, the Prince of Peace."</font style> <br><br> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 15%; padding-right: 2%;"> <table summary="" border="0" cellpadding="15" width="95%"><tbody><tr> <td valign="top" width="50%"> <font style="font-style: italic; "size="5">A</font style>deste, fideles<br> Laeti triumphantes;<br> Venite, venite in Bethlehem;<br> Natum videte<br> Regem angelorum;<br> Venite adoremus,<br> Venite adoremus,<br> Venite adoremus Domininum.<br> </td> <td valign="top" width="50%"><font style="font-style: italic; "size="5">O</font style> come, all ye faithful,<br> Joyful and triumphant!<br> O come ye, O come ye, to Bethlehem;<br> Come and behold him<br> Born the King of Angels:<br> O come, let us adore Him,<br> O come, let us adore Him,<br> O come, let us adore Him, Christ the Lord.<br> </td> </tr> <td valign="top" width="50%"> <font style="font-style: italic; "size="5">D</font style>eum de Deo,<br> Lumen de Lumine,<br> Gestant puellae viscera:<br> Deum verum,<br> Genitum non Factum:<br> Venite adoremus,<br> Venite adoremus,<br> Venite adoremus Domininum.<br> </td> <td valign="top" width="50%"><font style="font-style: italic; "size="5">G</font style>od of God, <br> Light of light,<br> Lo, he abhors not the Virgin's womb;<br> Very God, <br> Begotten, not created:<br> O come, let us adore Him,<br> O come, let us adore Him,<br> O come, let us adore Him, Christ the Lord.<br> </td> </tr> <td valign="top" width="50%"> <font style="font-style: italic; "size="5">C</font style>antet nunce Io<br> Chorus Angelorum;<br> Cantet nunc aula caelestium,<br> Gloria in excelsis Deo:<br> Venite adoremus,<br> Venite adoremus,<br> Venite adoremus Domininum.<br> </td> <td valign="top" width="50%"><font style="font-style: italic; "size="5">S</font style>ing, choirs of angels,<br> Sing in exultation,<br> Sing, all ye citizens of Heaven above!<br> Glory to God in the highest<br> O come, let us adore Him,<br> O come, let us adore Him,<br> O come, let us adore Him, Christ the Lord.<br> </td> </tr> </tbody></table><br><br> </div> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 39%; padding-right: 10%"> <td valign="top" width="50%"><font style="font-style: italic; "size="5">O</font style> come, all ye faithful,<br> Joyful and triumphant!<br> O come ye, O come ye, to Bethlehem;<br> Come and behold him<br> Born the King of Angels:<br> O come, let us adore Him,<br> O come, let us adore Him,<br> O come, let us adore Him, Christ the Lord.<br><br><br><br></div> <div style="text-align: center; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%"> <img src ="Christmas Prayer.jpg"><br> <i>from the Raccolta, 1878</i><br><br> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0%; padding-right: 0%"> <font style="font-style: none;" size="4"> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font style> adore Thee, Incarnate Word true, Son of God from all eternity, and true son of the Virgin Mary in the fulness of time! Adoring Thy divine person, and the humanity which is united to it, I feel moved, moreover to venerate the poor crib which welcomed thee, an infant, and was truly the first throne of thy love. Would that I could prostrate myself before it with the simplicity of the shepherds, with the faith of Joseph, with the love of Mary! Would that I could bend in adoration of so precious a memorial of our salvation, with the spirit of mortification, of poverty, of humility, with which Thou, the Lord of heaven and of earth, didst choose a manger to receive and shelter Thy trembling limbs! <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">D</font style>o Thou, O Lord! who, while yet a babe, didst deign to rest in this crib, vouchsafe also to pour into my heart a little of the joy excited in those who beheld Thy lovely childhood, and the wonders which accompanied Thy birth; through which I beseech Thee to give to the whole world peace and good will, and, in the name of all mankind, to render all thanksgiving and glory to the Father, and to the Holy Ghost, who, with Thee, liveth and reigneth, one God, world without end. Amen </div> </font style> </div> <br><br><br> <div style="text-align: center; padding-left: 4%; padding-right: 4%;"> <font style="" size="4"> </div></div> <div style="text-align: center; padding-left: 2%; padding-right: 2%"> <br><br> <a name="Typisch\_BVM\_Links" style="border-style: none"></a> <A NAME="BVM DDB"style="border-style: none"/></a> <img src="Lent Index\_Blessed Mother.gif" style="border-style: none"><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic; "size="4">Prayers, Devotions, Feasts and Books Dedicated to Our Blessed Mother</font style> <br><br> <form> <select onChange="location=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;" style="font-family:'none'; color:#c0c0c0;background-color:#000000;font-size:12pt;"> <OPTION VALUE="Index.html">Select from the following:</option> <OPTION VALUE="Little Office Ordinary Main.html">The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <OPTION VALUE="Incarnation.html">The Dogma of the Incarnation Rests on the Divine Maternity of Mary</option> <OPTION VALUE="True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary by St. Louis de Monfort</option> <OPTION VALUE="Marriage of the Virgin.html">The Espousal and Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <OPTION VALUE="Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Mother of God: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <OPTION VALUE="Maternity of Mary Popup.html">The Maternity of Mary</option> <OPTION VALUE="Purification.html">The Purification the Mother of God</option> <OPTION VALUE="The Humility of Mary.html">The Humility of the Blessed Virgin of Mary</option> <OPTION VALUE="Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.html">Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</option> <OPTION VALUE="Queenship of Mary popup.html">Devotions in honor of the Queenship of Mary</option> <OPTION VALUE="Queen of All Saints.html">Mary Queen of All Saints</option> <OPTION VALUE="Our Lady Queen of Angels.html">Our Lady Queen of Angels</option> <OPTION VALUE="What it is to be a Mother.html">What is it to be a Mother?</option> <OPTION VALUE="Maternity of Mary.html">In Defense of Mary the Mother of God</option> <OPTION VALUE="Presentation of Mary.html">I. 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Viii. 10.</i><br><br></font style></div> </i> <font style="" size="4"> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman;">          <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5"><b>D</b></font>ear Catholics, Our Lord came down from the Mount of the Beatitudes, healed a leper at the foot of the hill, and started on His way towards Capharnaum. As He approached the town there came to Him messengers, begging that He would heal the servant of a Roman centurion. This Roman officer had command over one hundred soldiers in the garrison at Caphamaum, and, although a Gentile, was a devout proselyte, and had built a synagogue for the Jews. So great was his faith in our Lord that when he heard the Saviour was coming to cure his servant, he came out and told Him not to inconvenience Himself by going all the way to the house of the sick man, but only to say the word and the servant would be well. This Gentile looked upon the power which Christ had over life and death, over sickness and health, in the same way as upon his own power and authority over the soldiers under him: it was only necessary to say a word, to give a command, and obedience would follow.<br><br>           <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5"><b>T</b></font>his admirable faith of the Roman centurion, so highly praised by our Lord Himself, has been considered throughout the centuries as a model for all true believers.<br><br>           <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5"><b>F</b></font>aith is a supernatural, theological virtue by which, relying on the authority of God, we firmly believe whatever God has revealed and the Church proposes for our belief. Faith is called a virtue because it is a habit inclining us to good; it is supernatural, because it is not Aquired by our own efforts, but is infused into our souls by God Himself; it is termed theological, because it has God for its immediate object; its motive is the authority of God, because only God, who can neither deceive nor be deceived, is the author of the truths of faith. God delivers His word to us, not directly, but through His infallible Church (Matt. xxviii. 19; Rom. x. 17). Scripture and tradition, without an authoritative interpreter, are not reliable guides in matters of faith, as is proved by the numerous mutually contradicting Protestant sects. Faith differs, from opinion, which is doubtful assent; from knowledge, which rests on experience or reason; from human belief, which depends on the authority of men. The object of faith is not some, but all of the truths that God has revealed and proposes to us through the Church. The Church proposes the teachings of revelation to us mainly in the Apostles' Creed, and in the definitions of the Popes and Councils. The Apostles' Creed contains the fundamental truths which we are to believe. It is necessary to believe all the truths the Church teaches, but it is not necessary to know them all explicitly. The truths absolutely necessary to be known by all are: that there is a God; that there is a future life of reward and punishment (Heb. xi. 6 ff.). Since the preaching of the Gospel, it is also required to know and believe the mysteries of the Trinity and of the Incarnation and Redemption (John xiv. 6; xvii. 33). Anyone ignorant of these essential truths cannot be absolved in confession. Parents should instruct their children in these important doctrines from their earliest years. Truths that all are bound to know, as far as they are able are: the Articles of the Creed; the Commandments; the Sacraments, at least those that a given person needs to receive; the Lord's Prayer, the acts of the various virtues, such as, the acts of faith, hope, charity, contrition.<br><br>           <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5"><b>F</b></font>aith must be firm, i.e., it must exclude all doubt, hesitation, or disbelief. It must be blind, i.e., we must not seek any other reason than the authority of God for what we are asked to believe (John xx. 29). The reason for this latter quality is that faith, being concerned with supernatural truths, is above the natural grasp of our finite minds. The fact that we cannot understand the truths of faith is no reason for rejecting them; because they have God for their author; because the natural world is filled with mysteries which we accept but cannot understand; because constantly we blindly trust the authority of scientists, historians, doctors, lawyers, etc. Faith is reasonable, i.,e., we can establish on rational grounds all the foundations of faith, namely, the existence, knowledge, and truthfulness of God, the divinity of Christ and of the mission of the Church. Faith should be entire, i.e., it must extend to every dogma without exception.<br><br>           <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5"><b> F</b></font>aith is necessary for salvation (Heb. xi. 6), for it is the root and foundation of our justification. Without faith it is impossible to perform works that are meritorious of life eternal, although one may do many things that are naturally good. Faith imposes a two-fold obligation: a negative obligation, which always binds, of never sinning against it; a positive obligation of making acts of faith before God and of professing our faith before men. Sins against faith are: infidelity, i.e., the total rejection of the Christian religion by those who remain outside the true faith, although they know it sufficiently well to embrace it; apostasy, i.e., the rejection of the Christian religion for a false one; heresy, i.e., the obstinate denial of an Article of faith by a baptized person; deliberate doubt concerning a matter of faith; exposing one's self to the danger of losing the faith by keeping bad company, reading injurious literature, etc. We are obliged to make acts of faith from time to time, especially when in danger of losing our faith. It is never permissible to deny the faith before men, even in appearance (2 Mach. vi. 21 ff.), or by silence; on the contrary, a person is bound to profess his faith publicly whenever God's glory or our neighbor's good requires it (Matt. v. 16).<br><br>           <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5"><b>T</b></font>he knowledge derived from faith is infinitely superior to that which comes from human wisdom, and is at the same time far easier and more secure. How highly then should we appreciate the gift of faith! We should carefully avoid all things by which faith is lost, such as, wilful doubt or denial of Articles of faith; or imperiled, such as, neglect of religious duties, bad books or company, mixed marriages, Godless education, joining secrete societies (ex.Freemasons), etc. We should pray for a great and living faith. <p></p><br><br><br><br> <div style="text-align: center;"> <img src="Faith%20Cross.jpg"><br><br><br> <img src="Morals%20header.jpg"><br><br><br></div> <font style="font-family: Times New Roman;">          <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5"><b>D</b></font>ear Catholics--one of the greatest dangers to faith is Immorality. It is a widespread danger, as widespread as human nature. Be not surprised, my brethren, at the term or at its application. Whatever is sinful is immoral, inasmuch as it contravenes the laws of conduct; and whatever makes for sin, or even for the lower natural life, is necessarily inimical to so holy and perfect a virtue as divine faith. Arguments need not be multiplied; hear the Old Testament and the New: "The wicked man is void of knowledge" (Prov. xxix. 7) ; "for wisdom will not enter into a malicious soul, nor dwell in a body subject to sins" (Wis. i. 4); "everyone that doth evil hateth the light, and cometh not to the light, that his works may not be reproved" (John iii. 20) ; "how can you believe, who receive glory one from another; and the glory which is from God alone you do not seek?" (Ib. v. 44); "you do not believe because you are not of my sheep" (Ib. x. 26). So, no light, no knowledge, no wisdom for the sinful; no believing for the evil, the proud, the disobedient, who hear not the Shepherd's voice, nor come when He calls. It is not that every sin, be it even mortal, immediately destroys faith: holy Church found it necessary to define the contrary; only sin against faith at once destroys faith. But all sin obscures, weakens and endangers it. The word of God says that we can neither commence nor continue to believe without divine help. And if we turn that help aside? If we reject it? The Holy Ghost alone can form in us acts of this supernatural virtue. But if we sacrilegiously expel Him ? if we close our souls against His breathings, if we heartlessly shut our ears to His unspeakable pleadings? In a small yacht, as you are all aware, you may cross a wide lake or ascend a strong river-- provided you have sound wind-filled sails. But you will not go far if you keep out of the way of the wind, if your sails are torn and worthless, if you refuse to carry or hoist any sails at all. So do many Catholics in the progress of Christian life.<br><br>          <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5"><b>T</b></font>his point, my brethren, needs much attention from some of you. The earthen vessel in which we have so divine a treasure as faith, is, you must admit, perilous enough in its unstable fragility, without being sordidly neglected, without being corroded and buffeted by filth and iniquity. Now, you easily grant that you fail in other matters, but not, you think, in faith. You do not see that contradicting your religion in practice is endangering your belief of it. I know, my brethren, and am glad to proclaim that poor sinners can fall very low and yet never doubt about Catholicity. In that, too, is their one hope of salvation; for faith keeps open their access to the Church, and access to her is access to God's mercy. They begin to look hopeless only when, by word or act, they cast themselves into the morass of soul-destroying heresy. It is of apostates St. Paul uses the fearful words about the impossibility of being renewed again to penance. But notice that on this very question of preserving or losing faith, the same Apostle has a word of warning for those who fail not in belief but in conscience. When he writes: "Having faith and a good conscience, which some rejecting have made shipwreck concerning the faith" (i Tim. i. 19), he sufficiently shows that where conscience was otherwise violated the way was taken toward loss of belief. He continues to enforce that teaching by speaking of the mystery of faith that is to be held "in a pure conscience" (Ib. iii. 9). The words seem like an echo of his abiding anxiety about the heavenly treasure which he had been instrumental in placing in so many earthen vessels.<br><br>          <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5"><b>B</b></font>ut earthly as we are, we yet can have this good conscience, this pure conscience: not, however, with sin. All sin is iniquity and foulness; hence with it, of any kind, conscience is bad and unclean, and faith feels not at home. Two vices are so speedily destructive of the delicate virtue that we require special caution against them. Impurity and pride are necessary and deadly enemies of this sacred dignity of our elevated nature. It has been figuratively yet accurately said that as was St. John the Baptist in the court of Herod, so is faith in the unchaste soul: beheading is the consequence. For the proud we have the Lord's intimation that they could not believe in Him so long as they sought false glory. Witness the Pharisees, who knew so much of the law and professed belief so formally, yet persisted in rejecting the true Messiah even when testified to by Himself, by His Father, and by the Holy Spirit!<br><br><br> <div style="text-align: center; padding-left: 2%; padding-right: 2%;"> <u><font style="" size="4"><i>Conclusion</i></font></u><br><br><br></div>          <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5"><b>T</b></font>o what, then, my brethren, do our reflections lead us? Surely to the conclusion that, as faith is most high and precious, so must our jealous care of it be most humbly assiduous. We should not lose it, we would not lessen it: we need it all for our eternal salvation, for our filial service of our heavenly Father. Without it we cannot please God, without it we can be but condemned. For no earthly bribe will we betray it, for no fleshpots renounce it, for no mess of pottage barter it, for no passing enjoyments endanger it. Far from us be the folly of the worldlings who have finally to say: "We have erred from the way of truth; and the light of justice hath not shined unto us; and the sun of understanding hath not risen upon us" (Wis. v. 6) ; farther still be the counsel of the malicious who said to God: "Depart from us, we desire not the knowledge of thy ways" (Job xxi. 14). We, my brethren, believe in the Almighty, we serve Him and find profit in praying to Him. We know that of His wrath the unbelieving wicked shall drink; that their lamp shall be put out; that a deluge shall come upon them; that they shall be as chaff before the face of the wind, and as ashes which the whirlwind scattereth. Fearing our human weakness, but trusting in the grace of faith which, as we so often sing, alone suffices to strengthen the sincere heart-- ad firmandum car sincerum sola fides sufficit--we simply hold our ground in the ranks of the Church's children who have their eyes opened, who are converted from darkness to light, from the power of Satan to God, who receive forgiveness of sins, and a lot among the saints by the faith that is in Christ Jesus. Amen.<p></p><br><br><br><br> <div style="text-align: center; padding-left: 1%; padding-right: 4%;"> <img src="Faith%20Cross.jpg"><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">Prayer for the Preservation of Faith</font><br><br><br></div> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font> my Redeemer, will that terrible moment ever come, when but few Christians will be found animated with a spirit of faith? that moment when, provoked to indignation, Thou wilt remove from us thy protection? The vices, the evil habits of our children, have perhaps irrevocably moved thy justice this very day to vengeance! O Thou who art the author and finisher of our faith, we conjure Thee, in the bitterness of our hearts, humbled and contrite, not to permit the beautiful light of faith to be extinguished in us. Be mindful of thy mercies of old, cast a compassionate regard upon that vine which Thou hast planted with thy right hand, which was bedewed with the sweat of the Apostles, watered with the precious blood of thousands upon thousands of martyrs and the tears of so many generous penitents, and made fruitful by the prayers of so many confessors and innocent virgins. O divine Mediator, have regard for those zealous souls who incessantly raise their hearts to Thee and pray for the maintenance of that most precious treasure, the true Faith. Suspend, O must just God, the decree of our reprobation, turn away thine eyes from our sins, and fix them on the adorable blood, shed upon the Cross as the price of salvation, and daily pleading for it, on our behalf, upon our altars. Oh, preserve us in the true Catholic Roman Faith. Infirmities afflict us, annoyances wear us away, misfortunes oppress us: but preserve to us thy holy faith ; for, endowed with this precious gift, we shall willingly bear every sorrow, and nothing can affect our happiness. On the other hand, without this supreme treasure of the faith, our misfortunes will be unspeakable and immense. O good Jesus, author of our faith, keep it pure; keep us safe within the bark of Peter, faithful and obedient to his successor, thy True Vicar here on earth, that so the unity of holy Church may be preserved, holiness fostered, the Holy See kept free and protected, and the universal Church extended, to the advantage of souls. O Jesus, author of our faith, humble and convert the enemies of thy Church ; bestow on all Kings and Christian Princes, and on all the faithful, peace and true unity; strengthen and maintain all in thy holy service, to the end that we may live by Thee and die in Thee. Ah! my Jesus, author of our faith, in Thee I would live, and in Thee would I die. Amen.<br><br><br> <div style="text-align: center; padding-left: 11%; padding-right: 11%;"> <i>(Indulgence 300 days--Leo XIII.)</i> <br><br><br><br><br><br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5"><b>The Little Number of Those Who Are Saved</b></font style><br> <i>by St. Leonard of Port Maurice, (1676 - 1751)</i><br><br> <img src="The Little Number of Those Who Are Saved.jpg" WIDTH="400" BORDER="0"><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="3"> <i> Noah's Offering to God after the Deluge <br><br> In the time of Noah, the entire human race was submerged by the Deluge, and only eight people were saved in the Ark. Saint Peter says, "This ark was the figure of the Church," while Saint Augustine adds, "And these eight people who were saved signify that very few Christians are saved, because there are very few who sincerely renounce the world, and those who renounce it only in words do not belong to the mystery represented by that ark."</i><br><br><br><br></div> <div style="text-align: center; padding-left: 0%; padding-right: 0%;"> </font style> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 2%; padding-right: 2%"> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">"A</font style>nd a certain man said to Him: Lord, are they few that are saved? But He said to them: Strive to enter by the narrow gate; for many, I say to you, shall seek to enter, and shall not be able. But when the master of the house shall be gone in, and shall shut the door, you shall begin to stand without, and knock at the door, saying: Lord, open to us. And he answering, shall say to you: I know you not, whence you are."--Luke 13: 23-25 <br><br></div> <i><u>Introduction</u></i><br><br> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 2%; padding-right: 2%"> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font style>hanks be to God, the number of the Redeemer's disciples is not so small that the wickedness of the Scribes and Pharisees is able to triumph over them. Although they strove to calumniate innocence and to deceive the crowd with their treacherous sophistries by discrediting the doctrine and character of Our Lord, finding spots even in the sun, many still recognized Him as the true Messiah, and, unafraid of either chastisements or threats, openly joined His cause. Did all those who followed Christ follow Him even unto glory? Oh, this is where I revere the profound mystery and silently adore the abysses of the divine decrees, rather than rashly deciding on such a great point! The subject I will be treating today is a very grave one; it has caused even the pillars of the Church to tremble, filled the greatest Saints with terror and populated the deserts with anchorites. The point of this instruction is to decide whether the number of Christians who are saved is greater or less than the number of Christians who are damned; it will, I hope, produce in you a salutary fear of the judgments of God.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">B</font style>rothers, because of the love I have for you, I wish I were able to reassure you with the prospect of eternal happiness by saying to each of you: You are certain to go to paradise; the greater number of Christians is saved, so you also will be saved. But how can I give you this sweet assurance if you revolt against God's decrees as though you were your own worst enemies? I observe in God a sincere desire to save you, but I find in you a decided inclination to be damned. So what will I be doing today if I speak clearly? I will be displeasing to you. But if I do not speak, I will be displeasing to God.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font style>herefore, I will divide this subject into two points. In the first one, to fill you with dread, I will let the theologians and Fathers of the Church decide on the matter and declare that the greater number of Christian adults are damned; and, in silent adoration of that terrible mystery, I will keep my own sentiments to myself. In the second point I will attempt to defend the goodness of God versus the godless, by proving to you that those who are damned are damned by their own malice, because they wanted to be damned. So then, here are two very important truths. If the first truth frightens you, do not hold it against me, as though I wanted to make the road of heaven narrower for you, for I want to be neutral in this matter; rather, hold it against the theologians and Fathers of the Church who will engrave this truth in your heart by the force of reason. If you are disillusioned by the second truth, give thanks to God over it, for He wants only one thing: that you give your hearts totally to Him. Finally, if you oblige me to tell you clearly what I think, I will do so for your consolation.<br><br><br></div> <i><u>The Teaching of the Fathers of the Church</u></i><br><br> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 2%; padding-right: 2%"> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font style>t is not vain curiosity but salutary precaution to proclaim from the height of the pulpit certain truths which serve wonderfully to contain the indolence of libertines, who are always talking about the mercy of God and about how easy it is to convert, who live plunged in all sorts of sins and are soundly sleeping on the road to hell. To disillusion them and waken them from their torpor, today let us examine this great question: Is the number of Christians who are saved greater than the number of Christians who are damned?<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">P</font style>ious souls, you may leave; this sermon is not for you. Its sole purpose is to contain the pride of libertines who cast the holy fear of God out of their heart and join forces with the devil who, according to the sentiment of Eusebius, damns souls by reassuring them. To resolve this doubt, let us put the Fathers of the Church, both Greek and Latin, on one side; on the other, the most learned theologians and erudite historians; and let us put the Bible in the middle for all to see. Now listen not to what I will say to you -- for I have already told you that I do not want to speak for myself or decide on the matter -- but listen to what these great minds have to tell you, they who are beacons in the Church of God to give light to others so that they will not miss the road to heaven. In this manner, guided by the triple light of faith, authority and reason, we will be able to resolve this grave matter with certainty.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">N</font style>ote well that there is no question here of the human race taken as a whole, nor of all Catholics taken without distinction, but only of Catholic adults, who have free choice and are thus capable of cooperating in the great matter of their salvation. First let us consult the theologians recognized as examining things most carefully and as not exaggerating in their teaching: let us listen to two learned cardinals, Cajetan and Bellarmine. They teach that the greater number of Christian adults are damned, and if I had the time to point out the reasons upon which they base themselves, you would be convinced of it yourselves. But I will limit myself here to quoting Suarez. After consulting all the theologians and making a diligent study of the matter, he wrote, "The most common sentiment which is held is that, among Christians, there are more damned souls than predestined souls."<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">A</font style>dd the authority of the Greek and Latin Fathers to that of the theologians, and you will find that almost all of them say the same thing. This is the sentiment of Saint Theodore, Saint Basil, Saint Ephrem, and Saint John Chrysostom. What is more, according to Baronius it was a common opinion among the Greek Fathers that this truth was expressly revealed to Saint Simeon Stylites and that after this revelation, it was to secure his salvation that he decided to live standing on top of a pillar for forty years, exposed to the weather, a model of penance and holiness for everyone. Now let us consult the Latin Fathers. You will hear Saint Gregory saying clearly, "Many attain to faith, but few to the heavenly kingdom." Saint Anselm declares, "There are few who are saved." Saint Augustine states even more clearly, "Therefore, few are saved in comparison to those who are damned." The most terrifying, however, is Saint Jerome. At the end of his life, in the presence of his disciples, he spoke these dreadful words: "Out of one hundred thousand people whose lives have always been bad, you will find barely one who is worthy of indulgence."<br><br><br></div> <i><u>The Words of Holy Scripture</u></i><br><br> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 2%; padding-right: 2%"> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">B</font style>ut why seek out the opinions of the Fathers and theologians, when Holy Scripture settles the question so clearly? Look in to the Old and New Testaments, and you will find a multitude of figures, symbols and words that clearly point out this truth: very few are saved. In the time of Noah, the entire human race was submerged by the Deluge, and only eight people were saved in the Ark. Saint Peter says, "This ark was the figure of the Church," while Saint Augustine adds, "And these eight people who were saved signify that very few Christians are saved, because there are very few who sincerely renounce the world, and those who renounce it only in words do not belong to the mystery represented by that ark." The Bible also tells us that only two Hebrews out of two million entered the Promised Land after going out of Egypt, and that only four escaped the fire of Sodom and the other burning cities that perished with it. All of this means that the number of the damned who will be cast into fire like straw is far greater than that of the saved, whom the heavenly Father will one day gather into His barns like precious wheat.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font style> would not finish if I had to point out all the figures by which Holy Scripture confirms this truth; let us content ourselves with listening to the living oracle of Incarnate Wisdom. What did Our Lord answer the curious man in the Gospel who asked Him, "Lord, is it only a few to be saved?" Did He keep silence? Did He answer haltingly? Did He conceal His thought for fear of frightening the crowd? No. Questioned by only one, He addresses all of those present. He says to them: "You ask Me if there are only few who are saved?" Here is My answer: "Strive to enter by the narrow gate; for many, I tell you, will seek to enter and will not be able." Who is speaking here? It is the Son of God, Eternal Truth, who on another occasion says even more clearly, "Many are called, but few are chosen." He does not say that all are called and that out of all men, few are chosen, but that many are called; which means, as Saint Gregory explains, that out of all men, many are called to the True Faith, but out of them few are saved. Brothers, these are the words of Our Lord Jesus Christ. Are they clear? They are true. Tell me now if it is possible for you to have faith in your heart and not tremble.<br><br><br></div> <u><i>Salvation in the Various States of Life</u></i><br><br> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 2%; padding-right: 2%"> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">B</font style>ut oh, I see that by speaking in this manner of all in general, I am missing my point. So let us apply this truth to various states, and you will understand that you must either throw away reason, experience and the common sense of the faithful, or confess that the greater number of Catholics is damned. Is there any state in the world more favorable to innocence in which salvation seems easier and of which people have a higher idea than that of priests, the lieutenants of God? At first glance, who would not think that most of them are not only good but even perfect; yet I am horror-struck when I hear Saint Jerome declaring that although the world is full of priests, barely one in a hundred is living in a manner in conformity with state; when I hear a servant of God attesting that he has learned by revelation that the number of priests who fall into hell each day is so great that it seemed impossible to him that there be any left on earth; when I hear Saint Chrysostom exclaiming with tears in his eyes, "I do not believe that many priests are saved; I believe the contrary, that the number of those who are damned is greater."<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">L</font style>ook higher still, and see the prelates of the Holy Church, pastors who have the charge of souls. Is the number of those who are saved among them greater than the number of those who are damned? Listen to Cantimpre; he will relate an event to you, and you may draw the conclusions. There was a synod being held in Paris, and a great number of prelates and pastors who had the charge of souls were in attendance; the king and princes also came to add luster to that assembly by their presence. A famous preacher was invited to preach. While he was preparing his sermon, a horrible demon appeared to him and said, "Lay your books aside. If you want to give a sermon that will be useful to these princes and prelates, content yourself with telling them on our part, 'We the princes of darkness thank you, princes, prelates, and pastors of souls, that due to your negligence, the greater number of the faithful are damned; also, we are saving a reward for you for this favor, when you shall be with us in Hell.'"<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">W</font style>oe to you who command others! If so many are damned by your fault, what will happen to you? If few out of those who are first in the Church of God are saved, what will happen to you? Take all states, both sexes, every condition: husbands, wives, widows, young women, young men, soldiers, merchants, craftsmen, rich and poor, noble and plebian. What are we to say about all these people who are living so badly? The following narrative from Saint Vincent Ferrer will show you what you may think about it. He relates that an archdeacon in Lyons gave up his charge and retreated into a desert place to do penance, and that he died the same day and hour as Saint Bernard. After his death, he appeared to his bishop and said to him, "Know, Monsignor, that at the very hour I passed away, thirty-three thousand people also died. Out of this number, Bernard and myself went up to heaven without delay, three went to purgatory, and all the others fell into Hell."<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font style>ur chronicles relate an even more dreadful happening. One of our brothers, well-known for his doctrine and holiness, was preaching in Germany. He represented the ugliness of the sin of impurity so forceful that a woman fell dead of sorrow in front of everyone. Then, coming back to life, she said, "When I was presented before the Tribunal of God, sixty thousand people arrived at the same time from all parts of the world; out of that number, three were saved by going to Purgatory, and all the rest were damned."<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font style> abyss of the judgments of God! Out of thirty thousand, only five were saved! And out of sixty thousand, only three went to heaven! You sinners who are listening to me, in what category will you be numbered?... What do you say?... What do you think?...<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font style> see almost all of you lowering your heads, filled with astonishment and horror. But let us lay our stupor aside, and instead of flattering ourselves, let us try to draw some profit from our fear. Is it not true that there are two roads which lead to heaven: innocence and repentance? Now, if I show you that very few take either one of these two roads, as rational people you will conclude that very few are saved. And to mention proofs: in what age, employment or condition will you find that the number of the wicked is not a hundred times greater than that of the good, and about which one might say, "The good are so rare and the wicked are so great in number"? We could say of our times what Salvianus said of his: it is easier to find a countless multitude of sinners immersed in all sorts of iniquities than a few innocent men. How many servants are totally honest and faithful in their duties? How many merchants are fair and equitable in their commerce; how many craftsmen exact and truthful; how many salesmen disinterested and sincere? How many men of law do not forsake equity? How many soldiers do not tread upon innocence; how many masters do not unjustly withhold the salary of those who serve them, or do not seek to dominate their inferiors? Everywhere, the good are rare and the wicked great in number. Who does not know that today there is so much libertinage among mature men, liberty among young girls, vanity among women, licentiousness in the nobility, corruption in the middle class, dissolution in the people, impudence among the poor, that one could say what David said of his times: "All alike have gone astray... there is not even one who does good, not even one."<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">G</font style>o into street and square, into palace and house, into city and countryside, into tribunal and court of law, and even into the temple of God. Where will you find virtue? "Alas!" cries Salvianus, "except for a very little number who flee evil, what is the assembly of Christians if not a sink of vice?" All that we can find everywhere is selfishness, ambition, gluttony, and luxury. Is not the greater portion of men defiled by the vice of impurity, and is not Saint John right in saying, "The whole world -- if something so foul may be called -- "is seated in wickedness?" I am not the one who is telling you; reason obliges you to believe that out of those who are living so badly, very few are saved.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">B</font style>ut you will say: Can penance not profitably repair the loss of innocence? That is true, I admit. But I also know that penance is so difficult in practice, we have lost the habit so completely, and it is so badly abused by sinners, that this alone should suffice to convince you that very few are saved by that path. Oh, how steep, narrow, thorny, horrible to behold and hard to climb it is! Everywhere we look, we see traces of blood and things that recall sad memories. Many weaken at the very sight of it. Many retreat at the very start. Many fall from weariness in the middle, and many give up wretchedly at the end. And how few are they who persevere in it till death! Saint Ambrose says it is easier to find men who have kept their innocence than to find any who have done fitting penance.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font style>f you consider the sacrament of penance, there are so many distorted confessions, so many studied excuses, so many deceitful repentances, so many false promises, so many ineffective resolutions, so many invalid absolutions! Would you regard as valid the confession of someone who accuses himself of sins of impurity and still holds to the occasion of them? Or someone who accuses himself of obvious injustices with no intention of making any reparation whatsoever for them? Or someone who falls again into the same iniquities right after going to confession? Oh, horrible abuses of such a great sacrament! One confesses to avoid excommunication, another to make a reputation as a penitent. One rids himself of his sins to calm his remorse, another conceals them out of shame. One accuses them imperfectly out of malice, another discloses them out of habit. One does not have the true end of the sacrament in mind, another is lacking the necessary sorrow, and still another firm purpose. Poor confessors, what efforts you make to bring the greater number of penitents to these resolutions and acts, without which confession is a sacrilege, absolution a condemnation and penance an illusion?<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">W</font style>here are they now, those who believe that the number of the saved among Christians is greater than that of the damned and who, to authorize their opinion, reason thus: the greater portion of Catholic adults die in their beds armed with the sacraments of the Church, therefore most adult Catholics are saved? Oh, what fine reasoning! You must say exactly the opposite. Most Catholic adults confess badly at death, therefore most of them are damned. I say "all the more certain," because a dying person who has not confessed well when he was in good health will have an even harder time doing so when he is in bed with a heavy heart, an unsteady head, a muddled mind; when he is opposed in many ways by still-living objects, by still-fresh occasions, by adopted habits, and above all by devils who are seeking every means to cast him into hell. Now, if you add to all these false penitents all the other sinners who die unexpectedly in sin, due to the doctors' ignorance or by their relatives' fault, who die from poisoning or from being buried in earthquakes, or from a stroke, or from a fall, or on the battlefield, in a fight, caught in a trap, struck by lightning, burned or drowned, are you not obliged to conclude that most Christian adults are damned? That is the reasoning of Saint Chrysostom. This Saint says that most Christians are walking on the road to hell throughout their life. Why, then, are you so surprised that the greater number goes to hell? To come to a door, you must take the road that leads there. What have you to answer such a powerful reason?<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font style>he answer, you will tell me, is that the mercy of God is great. Yes, for those who fear Him, says the Prophet; but great is His justice for the one who does not fear Him, and it condemns all obstinate sinners.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">S</font style>o you will say to me: Well then, who is Paradise for, if not for Christians? It is for Christians, of course, but for those who do not dishonor their character and who live as Christians. Moreover, if to the number of Christian adults who die in the grace of God, you add the countless host of children who die after baptism and before reaching the age of reason, you will not be surprised that Saint John the Apostle, speaking of those who are saved, says, "I saw a great multitude which no man could number."<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">A</font style>nd this is what deceives those who pretend that the number of the saved among Catholics is greater than that of the damned... If to that number, you add the adults who have kept the robe of innocence, or who after having defiled it, have washed it in the tears of penance, it is certain that the greater number is saved; and that explains the words of Saint John, "I saw a great multitude," and these other words of Our Lord, "Many will come from the east and from the west, and will feast with Abraham and Isaac and Jacob in the kingdom of heaven," and the other figures usually cited in favor of that opinion. But if you are talking about Christian adults, experience, reason, authority, propriety and Scripture all agree in proving that the greater number is damned. Do not believe that because of this, paradise is empty; on the contrary, it is a very populous kingdom. And if the damned are "as numerous as the sand in the sea," the saved are "as numerous at the stars of heaven," that is, both the one and the other are countless, although in very different proportions.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font style>ne day Saint John Chrysostom, preaching in the cathedral in Constantinople and considering these proportions, could not help but shudder in horror and ask, "Out of this great number of people, how many do you think will be saved?" And, not waiting for an answer, he added, "Among so many thousands of people, we would not find a hundred who are saved, and I even doubt for the one hundred." What a dreadful thing! The great Saint believed that out of so many people, barely one hundred would be saved; and even then, he was not sure of that number. What will happen to you who are listening to me? Great God, I cannot think of it without shuddering! Brothers, the problem of salvation is a very difficult thing; for according to the maxims of the theologians, when an end demands great efforts, few only attain it.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font style>hat is why Saint Thomas, the Angelic Doctor, after weighing all the reasons pro and con in his immense erudition, finally concludes that the greater number of Catholic adults are damned. He says, "Because eternal beatitude surpasses the natural state, especially since it has been deprived of original grace, it is the little number that are saved."<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">S</font style>o then, remove the blindfold from your eyes that is blinding you with self-love, that is keeping you from believing such an obvious truth by giving you very false ideas concerning the justice of God, "Just Father, the world has not known Thee," said Our Lord Jesus Christ. He does not say "Almighty Father, most good and merciful Father." He says "just Father," so we may understand that out of all the attributes of God, none is less known than His justice, because men refuse to believe what they are afraid to undergo. Therefore, remove the blindfold that is covering your eyes and say tearfully: Alas! The greater number of Catholics, the greater number of those who live here, perhaps even those who are in this assembly, will be damned! What subject could be more deserving of your tears?<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">K</font style>ing Xerxes, standing on a hill looking at his army of one hundred thousand soldiers in battle array, and considering that out of all of them there would be not one man alive in a hundred years, was unable to hold back his tears. Have we not more reason to weep upon thinking that out of so many Catholics, the greater number will be damned? Should this thought not make our eyes pour forth rivers of tears, or at least produce in our heart the sentiment of compassion felt by an Augustinian Brother, Ven. Marcellus of St. Dominic? One day as he was meditating on the eternal pains, the Lord showed him how many souls were going to hell at that moment and had him see a very broad road on which twenty-two thousand reprobates were running toward the abyss, colliding into one another. The servant of God was stupefied at the sight and exclaimed, "Oh, what a number! What a number! And still more are coming. O Jesus! O Jesus! What madness!" Let me repeat with Jeremiah, "Who will give water to my head, and a fountain of tears to my eyes? And I will weep day and night for the slain of the daughter of my people."<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">P</font style>oor souls! How can you run so hastily toward hell? For mercy's sake, stop and listen to me for a moment! Either you understand what it means to be saved and to be damned for all eternity, or you do not. If you understand and in spite of that, you do not decide to change your life today, make a good confession and trample upon the world, in a word, make your every effort to be counted among the littler number of those who are saved, I say that you do not have the faith. You are more excusable if you do not understand it, for then one must say that you are out of your mind. To be saved for all eternity, to be damned for all eternity, and to not make your every effort to avoid the one and make sure of the other, is something inconceivable.<br><br><br></div> <i><u>The Goodness of God</u></i><br><br> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 2%; padding-right: 2%"> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">P</font style>erhaps you do not yet believe the terrible truths I have just taught you. But it is the most highly-considered theologians, the most illustrious Fathers who have spoken to you through me. So then, how can you resist reasons supported by so many examples and words of Scripture? If you still hesitate in spite of that, and if your mind is inclined to the opposite opinion, does that very consideration not suffice to make you tremble? Oh, it shows that you do not care very much for your salvation! In this important matter, a sensible man is struck more strongly by the slightest doubt of the risk he runs than by the evidence of total ruin in other affairs in which the soul is not involved. One of our brothers, Blessed Giles, was in the habit of saying that if only one man were going to be damned, he would do all he could to make sure he was not that man.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">S</font style>o what must we do, we who know that the greater number is going to be damned, and not only out of all Catholics? What must we do? Take the resolution to belong to the little number of those who are saved. You say: If Christ wanted to damn me, then why did He create me? Silence, rash tongue! God did not create anyone to damn him; but whoever is damned, is damned because he wants to be. Therefore, I will now strive to defend the goodness of my God and Aquit it of all blame: that will be the subject of the second point.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">B</font style>efore going on, let us gather on one side all the books and all the heresies of Luther and Calvin, and on the other side the books and heresies of the Pelagians and Semi-Pelagians, and let us burn them. Some destroy grace, others freedom, and all are filled with errors; so let us cast them into the fire. All the damned bear upon their brow the oracle of the Prophet Osee, "Thy damnation comes from thee," so that they may understand that whoever is damned, is damned by his own malice and because he wants to be damned.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">F</font style>irst let us take these two undeniable truths as a basis: "God wants all men to be saved," "All are in need of the grace of God." Now, if I show you that God wants to save all men, and that for this purpose He gives all of them His grace and all the other necessary means of obtaining that sublime end, you will be obliged to agree that whoever is damned must impute it to his own malice, and that if the greater number of Christians are damned, it is because they want to be. "Thy damnation comes from thee; thy help is only in Me."<br><br><br></div> <u><i>God Desires All Men to be Saved</i></u><br><br> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 2%; padding-right: 2%"> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font style>n a hundred places in Holy Scripture, God tells us that it is truly His desire to save all men. "Is it My will that a sinner should die, and not that he should be converted from his ways and live?... I live, saith the Lord God. I desire not the death of the sinner. Be converted and live." When someone wants something very much, it is said that he is dying with desire; it is a hyperbole. But God has wanted and still wants our salvation so much that He died of desire, and He suffered death to give us life. This will to save all men is therefore not an affected, superficial and apparent will in God; it is a real, effective, and beneficial will; for He provides us with all the means most proper for us to be saved. He does not give them to us so they will not obtain it; He gives them to us with a sincere will, with the intention that they may obtain their effect. And if they do not obtain it, He shows Himself afflicted and offended over it. He commands even the damned to use them in order to be saved; He exhorts them to it; He obliges them to it; and if they do not do it, they sin. Therefore, they may do it and thus be saved.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">F</font style>ar more, because God sees that we could not even make use of His grace without His help, He gives us other aids; and if they sometimes remain ineffective, it is our fault; for with these same aids, one may abuse them and be damned with them, and another may do right and be saved; he might even be saved with less powerful aids. Yes, it can happen that we abuse a greater grace and are damned, whereas another cooperates with a lesser grace and is saved.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">S</font style>aint Augustine exclaims, "If, therefore, someone turns aside from justice, he is carried by his free will, led by his concupiscence, deceived by his own persuasion." But for those who do not understand theology, here is what I have to say to them: God is so good that when He sees a sinner running to his ruin, He runs after him, calls him, entreats and accompanies him even to the gates of hell; what will He not do to convert him? He sends him good inspirations and holy thoughts, and if he does not profit from them, He becomes angry and indignant, He pursues him. Will He strike him? No. He beats at the air and forgives him. But the sinner is not converted yet. God sends him a mortal illness. It is certainly all over for him. No, brothers, God heals him; the sinner becomes obstinate in evil, and God in His mercy looks for another way; He gives him another year, and when that year is over, He grants him yet another.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">B</font style>ut if the sinner still wants to cast himself into hell in spite of all that, what does God do? Does He abandon him? No. He takes him by the hand; and while he has one foot in hell and the other outside, He still preaches to him, He implored him not to abuse His graces. Now I ask you, if that man is damned, is it not true that he is damned against the Will of God and because he wants to be damned? Come and ask me now: If God wanted to damn me, then why did He create me?<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">U</font style>ngrateful sinner, learn today that if you are damned, it is not God who is to blame, but you and your self-will. To persuade yourself of this, go down even to the depths of the abyss, and there I will bring you one of those wretched damned souls burning in hell, so that he may explain this truth to you. Here is one now: "Tell me, who are you?" "I am a poor idolater, born in an unknown land; I never heard of heaven or hell, nor of what I am suffering now." "Poor wretch! Go away, you are not the one I am looking for." Another one is coming; there he is. "Who are you?" "I am a schismatic from the ends of Tartary; I always lived in an uncivilized state, barely knowing that there is a God." "You are not the one I want; return to hell." Here is another. "And who are you?" "I am a poor heretic from the North. I was born under the Pole and never saw either the light of the sun or the light of faith." "It is not you that I am looking for either, return to Hell." Brothers, my heart is broken upon seeing these wretches who never even knew the True Faith among the damned. Even so, know that the sentence of condemnation was pronounced against them and they were told, "Thy damnation comes from thee." They were damned because they wanted to be. They received so many aids from God to be saved! We do not know what they were, but they know them well, and now they cry out, "O Lord, Thou art just... and Thy judgments are equitable."<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">B</font style>rothers, you must know that the most ancient belief is the Law of God, and that we all bear it written in our hearts; that it can be learned without any teacher, and that it suffices to have the light of reason in order to know all the precepts of that Law. That is why even the barbarians hid when they committed sin, because they knew they were doing wrong; and they are damned for not having observed the natural law written in their heart: for had they observed it, God would have made a miracle rather than let them be damned; He would have sent them someone to teach them and would have given them other aids, of which they made themselves unworthy by not living in conformity with the inspirations of their own conscience, which never failed to warn them of the good they should do and the evil they should avoid. So it is their conscience that accused them at the Tribunal of God, and it tells them constantly in hell, "Thy damnation comes from thee." They do not know what to answer and are obliged to confess that they are deserving of their fate. Now if these infidels have no excuse, will there be any for a Catholic who had so many sacraments, so many sermons, so many aids at his disposal? How will he dare to say, "If God was going to damn me, then why did He create me?" How will he dare to speak in this manner, when God gives him so many aids to be saved? So let us finish confounding him.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">Y</font style>ou who are suffering in the abyss, answer me! Are there any Catholics among you? "There certainly are!" How many? Let one of them come here! "That is impossible, they are too far down, and to have them come up would turn all of hell upside down; it would be easier to stop one of them as he is falling in." So then, I am speaking to you who live in the habit of mortal sin, in hatred, in the mire of the vice of impurity, and who are getting closer to hell each day. Stop, and turn around; it is Jesus who calls you and who, with His wounds, as with so many eloquent voices, cries to you, "My son, if you are damned, you have only yourself to blame: 'Thy damnation comes from thee.' Lift up your eyes and see all the graces with which I have enriched you to insure your eternal salvation. I could have had you born in a forest in Barbary; that is what I did to many others, but I had you born in the Catholic Faith; I had you raised by such a good father, such an excellent mother, with the purest instructions and teachings. If you are damned in spite of that, whose fault will it be? Your own, My son, your own: 'Thy damnation comes from thee.'<br><br> "<font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font style> could have cast you into hell after the first mortal sin you committed, without waiting for the second: I did it to so many others, but I was patient with you, I waited for you for many long years. I am still waiting for you today in penance. If you are damned in spite of all that, whose fault is it? Your own, My son, your own: "Thy damnation comes from thee." You know how many have died before your very eyes and were damned: that was a warning for you. You know how many others I set back on the right path to give you the good example. Do you remember what that excellent confessor told you? I am the one who had him say it. Did he not enjoin you to change your life, to make a good confession? I am the One who inspired him. Remember that sermon that touched your heart? I am the One who led you there. And what has happened between you and Me in the secret of your heart, ...that you can never forget.<br><br> "<font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font style>hose interior inspirations, that clear knowledge, that constant remorse of conscience, would you dare to deny them? All of these were so many aids of My grace, because I wanted to save you. I refused to give them to many others, and I gave them to you because I loved you tenderly. My son, My son, if I spoke to them as tenderly as I am speaking to you today, how many others souls return to the right path! And you... you turn your back on Me. Listen to what I am going to tell you, for these are My last words: You have cost Me My blood; if you want to be damned in spite of the blood I shed for you, do not blame Me, you have only yourself to accuse; and throughout all eternity, do not forget that if you are damned in spite of Me, you are damned because you want to be damned: 'Thy damnation comes from thee.' "<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font style> my good Jesus, the very stones would split on hearing such sweet words, such tender expressions. Is there anyone here who wants to be damned, with so many graces and aids? If there is one, let him listen to me, and then let him resist if he can.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">B</font style>aronius relates that after Julian the Apostate's infamous apostasy, he conceived such great hatred against Holy Baptism that day and night, he sought a way in which he might erase his own. To that purpose he had a bath of goat's blood prepared and placed himself in it, wanting this impure blood of a victim consecrated to Venus to erase the sacred character of Baptism from his soul. Such behavior seems abominable to you, but if Julian's plan had been able to succeed, it is certain that he would be suffering much less in hell.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">S</font style>inners, the advice I want to give you will no doubt seem strange to you; but if you understand it well, it is, on the contrary, inspired by tender compassion toward you. I implore you on my knees, by the blood of Christ and by the Heart of Mary, change your life, come back to the road that leads to heaven, and do all you can to belong to the little number of those who are saved. If, instead of this, you want to continue walking on the road that leads to hell, at least find a way to erase your baptism. Woe to you if you take the Holy Name of Jesus Christ and the sacred character of the Christian engraved upon your soul into hell! Your chastisement will be all the greater. So do what I advise you to do: if you do not want to convert, go this very day and ask your pastor to erase your name from the baptismal register, so that there may not remain any remembrance of your ever having been a Christian; implore your Guardian Angel to erase from his book of graces the inspirations and aids he has given you on orders from God, for woe to you if he recalls them! Tell Our Lord to take back His faith, His baptism, His sacraments.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">Y</font style>ou are horror-struck at such a thought? Well then, cast yourself at the feet of Jesus Christ and say to Him, with tearful eyes and contrite heart: "Lord, I confess that up till now I have not lived as a Christian. I am not worthy to be numbered among Your elect. I recognize that I deserve to be damned; but Your mercy is great and, full of confidence in Your grace, I say to You that I want to save my soul, even if I have to sacrifice my fortune, my honor, my very life, as long as I am saved. If I have been unfaithful up to now, I repent, I deplore, I detest my infidelity, I ask You humbly to forgive me for it. Forgive me, good Jesus, and strengthen me also, that I may be saved. I ask You not for wealth, honor or prosperity; I ask you for one thing only, to save my soul."<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">A</font style>nd You, O Jesus! What do You say? O Good Shepherd, see the stray sheep who returns to You; embrace this repentant sinner, bless his sighs and tears, or rather bless these people who are so well disposed and who want nothing but their salvation. Brothers, at the feet of Our Lord, let us protest that we want to save our soul, cost what it may. Let us all say to Him with tearful eyes, "Good Jesus, I want to save my soul," O blessed tears, O blessed sighs!<br><br><br></div> <u><i>Conclusion</u></i><br><br> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 2%; padding-right: 2%"> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">B</font style>rothers, I want to send all of you away comforted today. So if you ask me my sentiment on the number of those who are saved, here it is: Whether there are many or few that are saved, I say that whoever wants to be saved, will be saved; and that no one can be damned if he does not want to be. And if it is true that few are saved, it is because there are few who live well. As for the rest, compare these two opinions: the first one states that the greater number of Catholics are condemned; the second one, on the contrary, pretends that the greater number of Catholics are saved. Imagine an Angel sent by God to confirm the first opinion, coming to tell you that not only are most Catholics damned, but that of all this assembly present here, one alone will be saved. If you obey the Commandments of God, if you detest the corruption of this world, if you embrace the Cross of Jesus Christ in a spirit of penance, you will be that one alone who is saved.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">N</font style>ow imagine the same Angel returning to you and confirming the second opinion. He tells you that not only are the greater portion of Catholics saved, but that out of all this gathering, one alone will be damned and all the others saved. If after that, you continue your usuries, your vengeances, your criminal deeds, your impurities, then you will be that one alone who is damned.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">W</font style>hat is the use of knowing whether few or many are saved? Saint Peter says to us, "Strive by good works to make your election sure." When Saint Thomas Aquinas's sister asked him what she must do to go to heaven, he said, "You will be saved if you want to be." I say the same thing to you, and here is proof of my declaration. No one is damned unless he commits mortal sin: that is of faith. And no one commits mortal sin unless he wants to: that is an undeniable theological proposition. Therefore, no one goes to hell unless he wants to; the consequence is obvious. Does that not suffice to comfort you? Weep over past sins, make a good confession, sin no more in the future, and you will all be saved. Why torment yourself so? For it is certain that you have to commit mortal sin to go to hell, and that to commit mortal sin you must want to, and that consequently no one goes to hell unless he wants to. That is not just an opinion, it is an undeniable and very comforting truth; may God give you to understand it, and may He bless you. Amen.<br><br></div> <br><br><bR><br><br><bR> <img src="St. Leonard of Port Maurice with Crucifix.jpg"><br><Br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">About the Author: St. Leonard of Port Maurice</font style><br><br> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 5%; padding-right: 5%"> <font style="font-style: none;" size="3"> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="4">P</font style>reacher and ascetic writer, b. 20 Dec., 1676, at Porto Maurizio on the Riviera di Ponente; d. at the monastery of S. Bonaventura, Rome, 26 Nov., 1751. The son of Domenico Casanova and Anna Maria Benza, he joined after a brilliant course of study with the Jesuits in Rome (Collegio Romano), the so- called Riformella, an offshoot of the Reformati branch of the Franciscan Order [see FRIARS MINOR, II, B, (2)]. On 2 October, 1697, he received the habit, and after making his novitiate at Ponticelli in the Sabine mountains, he completed his studies at the principal house of the Riformella, S. Bonaventura on the Palatine at Rome. After his ordination he remained there as lector (professor), and expected to be sent on the Chinese missions. But he was soon afterwards seized with severe gastric haemorrhage, and became so ill that he was sent to his native climate of Porto Maurizio, where there was a monastery of the Franciscan Observants (1704). After four years he was restored to health, and began to preach in Porto Maurizio and the vicinity. When Cosimo III de' Medici handed over the monastery del Monte (that on San Miniato near Florence, also called Monte alle Croci) to the members of the Riformella, St. Leonard was sent hither under the auspices and by desire of Cosimo III, and began shortly to give missions to the people in Tuscany, which were marked by many extraordinary conversions and great results. His colleagues and he always practised the greatest austerities and most severe penances during these missions....... </div> </font style> <br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="2">From the Catholic Encyclopedia, 1913</font style> <br><br><br> <br><br><br> <img src="The Sins Unto Death.jpg" style="border-style: none"/> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="6">The Sin Unto Death</font style><br> <i>by Cardinal Henry Manning, 1874</i><br><br> <div style="text-align: cener; padding-left: 12%; padding-right: 12%"> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="3">If any man shall see his brother sin a sin which is not unto death, he shall ask, and life shall be given unto him that sinneth not unto death. There is a sin unto death: I do not say for that any man shall ask. All iniquity is sin, and there is a sin unto death. 1 S. John V. 16, 17.</font style><br><br><br> </div> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 3%; padding-right: 3%"> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">F</font style>rom the written Word of God it is clear, beyond controversy, that some sins are unto death, and some sins are not unto death. That is to say, that some sins are mortal, and some sins are not mortal.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font style>ur next subject, as I said, is mortal sin. But before I enter upon it, I wish to recall to your memories the general principles already laid down. First, we know that the end of man is God; that God made man for Himself; that He made him to His own likeness; that He made him capable of knowing, loving, and serving Him, and of being like to God; and that in the knowledge, the love, and the service, and the likeness of God, is the bliss of man. Therefore conformity to God is our perfection, and union with God is eternal life; but deformity, or departure from the likeness of God, is sin, and separation from God is eternal death. The nature of sin is, as we have defined it, the transgression of the law of God; or, in other words, any thought, word, or deed deliberately committed with the knowledge of the intellect, and the consent of the will, contrary to the will of God; or, in other words again, it is the variance of the created will against the uncreated will--of the will of the creature against the will of the Creator. The essential malice of sin, then, consists in the variance of the will, the hostility of the will of the creature against the will of his Maker. These were the principles which I laid down last time. We will now take them up again, and make application of them in one particular point.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">S</font style>aint John, in the words with which I began, tells us that if any man see his brother sin a sin which is not unto death, he ought to pray for him. Now what are the sins that are not unto death? Sins of infirmity; sins of impetuosity; sins of strong temptation; sins which by the subtilty of Satan lead men astray; sins of passion, in which human nature, being weak and tempestuous and liable to disorder, is drawn aside: if in all these there be no malice, either against God, or against our neighbour. Now these are sins which all Christians are liable to commit, and do commit, and which, without doubt, you yourselves are profoundly conscious of committing. These are sins not unto death, as we may trust, because if there be no malice against God or our neighbour, then the essential sinfulness of sin is wanting; and in that case, Saint John says, 'Let him pray for him, and God will give life unto those that sin not unto death;' that is to say, He will give grace, sorrow, pardon, help, protection, and perseverance. He will watch over those souls if in humility and in sorrow they persevere; and the prayer of those who are faithful and steadfast will obtain grace for those that sin not unto death. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font style>hen he goes on: 'There is a sin unto death: for that I say not that any man should ask that is, that any man should pray. Now what is this sin unto death? The sin of Judas was a sin unto death. With his eyes open, with a knowledge of his Master,--though perhaps he did not know of the mystery of the Incarnation as we know it now; nevertheless he knew enough,--he sold his Master, and yet perhaps not knowing that he sold Him to be crucified. This, then, was a sin unto death. The sin of Simon Magus was a blasphemy and a sin unto death. The sin of those that blaspheme the Holy Ghost, which shall never be forgiven, is a sin unto death. The sin of apostates from the faith, who, having known the truth, and having had the full light and illumination to know God, afterwards fall from Him, is described by Saint Paul in the Epistle to the Hebrews, where he says, 'It is impossible for those who have been once enlightened, and have tasted of the Heavenly Gift, and of the good Word of God, and of the powers of the world to come, if they shall fall away, to be renewed again unto repentance (Heb. vi. 6).' <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font style>n one word, all who are impenitent sin unto death. All those who, having had full light and knowledge of God in His revelation, with their eyes open, turn from it, of whom Saint John says, 'They went out from us because they were not of us; for if they had been of us, without doubt they would have continued with us (1 St. John ii. 10)'--all these who so sin, sin unto death, and are left to the judgment of God. Saint John in these words does not forbid us to pray; he says, 'I do not say'--that is, 'I do not enjoin it.' He leaves it to the conscience of every man. He says of those who sin not unto death, that 'we have all confidence we may obtain pardon and grace for them;' but for those who do sin unto death as I have described, 'we have no such confidence, and therefore, though I do not enjoin it, I do not forbid it.'<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font style>hen he goes on to say, 'All iniquity is sin.' Now iniquity means all departure from the rectitude of God and of the law of God. Iniquity is inequality, or crookedness. Everything that is not conformed to the rectitude of God, to His perfections, to His law, and to His will, is sin. 'And there is a sin unto death.' We have here a distinction of those sins which are and those which are not mortal. My purpose now is very roughly to define what it is that constitutes this distinction; and secondly, to show what are the effects of this mortal sin which is unto death.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">A</font style>s I have said before, to constitute a mortal sin it is necessary that the man who commits it should know what he does--there must be a knowledge of the intellect; if not, the sin is only, as I then said, a material sin, and not a formal sin, unless his ignorance be a culpable and guilty ignorance. Next, he must not only know that he is doing wrong, but his will must consent to the wrong-doing. Thirdly, he must know and consent deliberately, with such an advertence or attention to what he is about as to make him conscious of his action. A man who should transgress the law of God in the least possible way would fulfil these three conditions. It would be a transgression of the law of God if I should take an apple off the tree of my neighbour without his leave. It was his: I had not a right to take it, and I thereby broke the commandment, 'Thou shalt not steal;' but that certainly would not be a sin unto death. It became a sin unto death when a divine prohibition was laid upon such an act under pain of death, and that the pain of eternal death; but where there is no such command laid under pain of death, it is quite clear that the taking of an apple would not constitute a sin unto death. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font style>herefore it is necessary that there should be a gravity in the matter of the sin; and the gravity of that matter will be constituted in one of two ways--it is either the material gravity, that is, the extent, or amount, or quantity of the sin committed; or it is the moral gravity derived from the circumstances of the case. An illustration will at once make this clear. If I were to rob a man of a very large amount of his property, no one would doubt for an instant that I had committed a sin unto death, or a mortal sin. The common sense of mankind, the instincts of justice, would at once pronounce against me. If I were to take a needle from some rich person, the instincts of justice would Aquit me of a sin unto death. I have taken that which did not belong to me, but no one would say that, in taking that needle from the rich man, who could obtain an abundant supply of needles, I had committed a sin unto death. No. But suppose that needle belonged to a poor seamstress, who gained her daily bread by the industrious use of that one needle, and that she had not the means to buy another; and that if she were robbed of it, her industry must cease, and she could no longer gain her bread; and that I knew all those facts; and that, with my eyes open, knowing the extent of the injury I was doing, in violation of the law of charity, as well as of the law of justice, I should take that needle with a perfect consciousness that I was destroying the means of industry and reducing her to hunger. You see at once that there is a moral guilt which arises from these circumstances. Suppose, still further, that I myself were jealous of her prosperity, being of the same trade or calling, and that I take the needle in order to ruin her for my own advantage. You see, therefore, that in so small a theft as the stealing of a needle there may be an enormity of moral guilt. It is not enough then that there should be the knowledge of the intellect, and the consent of the will to the action, unless the matter in which that action is committed shall be of a grave kind, either materially or morally, before God.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font style>here are seven capital sins, the names of which you all know. First of all there is pride, which separates the soul from God; secondly, there is envy, or jealousy, which separates a man from his neighbour; thirdly, there is sloth, which is a burden pressing down the powers of man, so that he becomes weary of his duty towards God, and forsakes Him; fourthly, there is avarice, which plunges a man deep into the mire of this world, so that he makes it to be his god; fifthly, there is gluttony, which makes a sensual fool; sixthly, there is anger, which makes a man a slave to himself; and lastly, there is impurity, which makes a man a slave of the devil. In those seven kinds there are seven ways of eternal death; and all those who, with their eyes open, with the knowledge of the intellect, and the full consent of the will, commit sin in any of those seven kinds, are walking in the way towards sin unto death.<br><br> 1. <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">W</font style>e come now to the effects. The first effect of one mortal sin is to strike the soul dead. The grace of God is the life of the soul as the soul is the life of the body; and one sin unto death, in any one of the kinds that I have spoken of, strikes the soul dead. The soul dies at once, and on the spot; not as the tree which is blasted by the lightning and dies gradually day after day; first in the leader, then it begins to die in the branches, and then it dies in the trunk, and then it dies in the root. This is a slow process, but not so with the soul. One single sin unto death strikes the soul dead at once, and that for this reason: the grace of God is the life of the soul, and one mortal sin separates the soul from God. The holy angels, when they were created, lived in the presence of God, though they did not as yet see the face of God. They were on probation. Every creature depends on God in two ways: he needs the support of God for his existence; and of the grace of God for his sanctification. If God were not present with us at this moment in our physical life we should die. If He were not in this building, the walls of it would vanish. So it was with the angels in their first state of bliss. It was the assistance of God which sustained them in their being as pure intelligences, spotless in their innocence, excellent in their strength, surpassing in their energy. 'He maketh His angels spirits, and His ministers a flame of fire (Heb. i. 7.).' They also needed grace. The angels were holy just as we are holy, because the Holy Ghost was with them; and all the actions of the angelic perfection were sustained by an actual grace and help of God, just like our own. By one sin--one sin unto death--and that a sin of pride, purely spiritual, they fell and died eternally and without redemption; and as S. Jude writes: 'Leaving their habitations, were cast down into darkness and everlasting chains until the day of judgment (St. Jude 6.).' <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">A</font style>s it was with the angelic natures, so it was with man. God, when He created man, constituted him, as I said before, with three perfections--the perfection of nature, that is, of body and soul; the supernatural perfection or the indwelling of the Holy Ghost and of sanctification; and the preternatural perfection or the perfect harmony of the soul in itself and with God; and the immortality of the body. These three perfections, natural, supernatural, and preternatural, make up what is called original justice; and in that state man was constituted when he was created. But by one sin of disobedience, with his eyes open, with the consent of his will and with full deliberation--and that in a matter light in itself, as I have said, but grave because the prohibition of God under the penalty of eternal death was laid upon it--in that slight trial, without temptation save only the listening to the tempter, who awakened a spirit of curiosity and disobedience, where all around him was permitted and one only thing forbidden, man sinned against God, and by that one sin was struck dead. The Holy Ghost departed from him, and all his perfections were wrecked. The supernatural perfection was lost, the preternatural perfection was forfeited, the soul fell from God, the body was struck by death. He became from that time disinherited, shorn of sanctity and life: one sin unto death separated him and all his posterity from God. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">A</font style>s it was in the case of Adam, so it is also in the case of the regenerate; so it is in our own. We who are born, into the world, spiritually dead have once more, by regeneration in baptism, the life of the Spirit. If we sin mortally with our eyes open, and with consent of our will, we forfeit the presence of the Holy Ghost in the soul, the charity of God which unites us to Him, the sanctifying grace whereby we are made children of God, the seven gifts of the Holy Ghost which are always inseparably united to His presence. There is left in us, indeed, the grace of hope and the grace of faith. These two remain like the beating of the pulse and the breathing of the lungs: there is just so much left of the life of grace with the light of faith and the aspiration of hope after God; but our union with God is broken: we are separated from Him, and at variance with Him. This is the first effect of mortal sin; for habitual grace and the presence of God are the life of the soul; and the loss of that grace, which is the loss of the presence of God, is the death of the soul.<br><br> 2. <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">B</font style>ut further: one mortal sin destroys all the merits that the soul has ever heaped up. Understand what is meant by merit. The doctrine of the Catholic Church is this: not that any creature can merit in the sense of claiming out of the hand of his Maker, Redeemer, and Judge, by any right of his own, anything whatsoever in nature or in grace. Cast out of your minds for ever all shadow of misunderstanding upon this. Merit does not signify that the creature can by any right of his own, either in the order of nature or of grace, challenge and demand of God the gift or the possession of anything. No. The word 'merit' is used in two senses. There is the merit for good, and the merit for evil. Every good action has a merit--that is, a certain conformity to the will of God; and every evil action has a merit, that is, a deformity, which will be followed by punishment. Therefore 'merit' is a word altogether indifferent in itself, and derives its meaning for good or for evil from its context. Merit signifies the connection or link that exists between certain actions done in grace and certain awards; and that connection or link is constituted sovereignly and gratuitously by the grace and promise of God. So that every man who does acts of faith, or of charity, or of self-denial, or of piety, will receive a reward, both in this life and the next, according to those actions. Every man who does acts of charity will receive an increase of charity and of grace in this life; and hereafter, as the Council of Florence defines, the glory of the blessed shall be in proportion to the measure of their charity on earth. There is a link then between the measure of our charity here and the measure of our glory hereafter. This is what is called merit; and all through our life, if we are living faithfully in the grace of God, we are thereby heaping up merits, and Aquiring in virtue of the promise a greater reward and a greater bliss. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font style> may give as example the life of the Apostles, who, through the whole of their career, even to their martyrdom, were continually increasing in the sight of God the accumulation of His good-will, of His grace, and of His reward. This is true of you all, and through your whole life everything that you do according to the will of God, being in a state of grace, has in the Book of Remembrance a record, and in the Sacred Heart of our Divine Master a promise of reward, which shall be satisfied at His coming. One sin then, unto death, unless afterwards repented of, utterly cancels all these merits of a whole life. It matters not how long you may have been living a life of justice, of charity, of humility, of generosity, and of piety, before God--one mortal sin, and the whole of that record is cancelled from the Book of His remembrance. It is all gone as if it had never been. Do you need proofs of it? Take the history of David, the 'man after God's own heart (Acts xiii. 22).' You remember his faith, his patience, his fidelity, his courage, his prayer, his spirit of thanksgiving. He is the Psalmist of Israel, the man with the greatest of all titles--'the man after God's own heart.' But in one moment, by the twofold sin of murder and adultery, he cancelled before God every merit of his youth and of his manhood: all was dead before God. Solomon, the son of David, the type of our Divine Lord, the King of Peace, the man famous for wisdom--not only because he received it as a divine gift, but because he had the wisdom to ask for wisdom, not for riches--the man illuminated beyond all other men, because afterwards he fell away from God into sin unto death, all the merit of that long life of wisdom and light and of early sanctity was cancelled. Judas, in his childhood, and in his boyhood, and in his youth, was perhaps as faithful to the light of his conscience as you have been. He left kindred, and all that he had, to follow his Master. No doubt there were in his heart struggles and aspirations and prayers and desires to walk in the footsteps of his Divine Lord; but there crept upon him the sin of covetousness. He carried the bag, and that which was put therein; and Satan tempted him, and then entered into him, and he sold his Master. Ananias in like manner renounced the world, perilled his own life to become a Christian, sold all that he had, made sacrifice of everything; but kept back part of the price. Demas was the companion of Apostles, and exposed his life to danger, and lived in toil and poverty and perpetual risk, the companion of the Apostle of the Gentiles until he forsook him, having loved this present world ( 2 Tim. iv. 10.); and all the merits of that life of faith, and of all those actions which once were recorded in the Book of God's remembrance, were in one moment cancelled; and therefore S. Paul said of himself, 'I keep under my body, and bring it into subjection, lest, after I have preached the Gospel to others, I myself should become a castaway (1 Cor. ix. 27.).' The prophet Ezekiel says, 'When the just man turneth away from justice he hath done, and committeth iniquity; in the iniquity he hath done, in the sin he hath committed, in that he shall die, and his justice shall be no more remembered (Ezek. iii. 20.).'<br><br> 3. <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font style>he third effect is even more terrible; it mortifies and kills the very power of serving God. All the actions of a man in a state of mortal sin are dead; they have no merit or power to prevail before God for his salvation. So long as he is separated from God, nothing he does has saving power. Just as a tree that has life bears living fruit, and a tree that is dead has nothing but fruit that is withered and dead likewise, so a soul that is planted in God, as we all are by baptism, strikes its root as the tree by the rivers of water, and increases continually in faith, hope, and charity, and in the seven gifts of the Holy Ghost, which expand themselves like the leaves upon the branch, and the twelve fruits of the Holy Ghost unfold themselves and ripen. On the other hand, a soul that is separated from God is like the tree that is cut asunder at the root, and as the severed tree withers from the topmost spray and every fruit upon it dies, so the soul in the state of mortal sin, of whatsoever kind, so long as it remains in that state, is separated from God, and can bear no fruit unto salvation. The Apostle has declared this, in the most express words: 'Though I speak with the tongue of men and of angels, and have not charity, I become as sounding brass and a tinkling cymbal; and if I have all prophecy and all knowledge, and can understand all mysteries, and though I have faith and could remove mountains, and have not charity, I am nothing; and though I give my goods to feed the poor and my body to be burned, and have not charity, it profiteth me nothing (1 Cor. xiii. 1-3.):' that is to say, a soul separated from God, not having the love of God; it matters not what that soul may know, it may be able to prophesy, to expound mysteries, to work miracles: it may give all it possesses to the poor in alms, it may be martyred, as men may think, and yet if it have not the love of God it profits nothing to salvation. There will be at the last day those who will come to our Divine Lord and say, 'Lord! Lord! we prophesied in Thy name, we cast out devils and did many mighty works in Thy name; we have eaten and drunk in Thy presence; and He will say unto them, Depart from Me, I never knew you (St. Matt. vii. 22.):' that is to say, a soul that has sinned unto death by one sin, one transgression, continuing in that state, until restored to union with God by charity and by grace, is dead before God, and all the actions of the soul are dead. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font style>hose who are in such a condition are like men looking up to a high mountain on which the sun dwells perpetually in its splendour, and there is a glory as of the Heavenly City upon it, and they long to climb up to it; but before them there is the breast of a precipice, which no human foot can scale, and they pine away with longing and with the impossibility of ascending: or they are like men gazing upon a fair country, the Promised Land of vineyards and olive-yards and fig-trees, and rivers flowing with milk and honey; and homes of peace are before them; but at their feet there is a river, so deep and rapid, without ferry and without ford, which the mightiest swimmer cannot pass. So is it with sinners. The law of God stands between the soul that is cut off from Him, between the soul that is out of grace, and the peace of God.<br><br> 4. <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">A</font style>nd not this only: the soul in itself begins to lose its vigour and its strength. As I said before, every creature needs the help of nature and of graae: and the supernatural gifts of God--faith, hope, and charity--are by a mortal sin either entirely destroyed or weakened. Charity is utterly destroyed. Hope remains and faith remains, but hope begins to grow faint; for a man conscious of having sinned mortally against God cannot deceive himself with the hope of salvation unless he has grounds for hope; and what grounds can an impenitent sinner have? The faith that remains in him--what does it show to him? 'The Great White Throne,' 'the smoke that ascendeth up before the Seat of Judgment,' the law of God written in letters of fire: 'There is no peace, saith my God, for the wicked (Isa. xlviii. 22.),' and 'without holiness no man shall see the Lord (Heb. xii. 14.).' Faith shows him judgment to come, and the witnesses that will stand before the Throne on that day and bear testimony against him; and therefore the faith that remains in him is a terrible light, warning him and piercing his conscience. So far the supernatural grace that is still with him is goading him with fear to bring him back to God; more than this it cannot do. The natural powers of the soul are also affected when a man is in a state of sin. The heart becomes corrupt, the soul becomes weak. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">L</font style>et me take what may seem to be an example not fitting for you. You who listen to me are not likely to be tempted to excess, or intoxication, but it is an apt example to illustrate every kind of sin. The man who indulges himself in drink loses the vigour and command of his will. The will becomes feeble and loses its imperious control. It can no longer command the man. It is like a rotten helm which the ship will not obey. The will itself becomes paralysed--there is a solvent which has been eating away its elasticity and its power, and what happens in this gross example happens in every other. I might take falsehood, sloth, or other sins I named before--but you must make application for yourselves. The very will loses its power of repenting. Ay, and there is a still more terrible thought than this. Sometimes the sins that men have committed long ago are the cause of their instability, their inconsistency, their wavering, and irresolution at this day. They have never yet returned to God; they have never yet been really restored to the grace of God and vitally united to Him. They carry within them that which we read of in the Book of Job, where it says: 'His bones are full of the vices of his youth, and they shall go down with him to his grave (Job xx. 11.).'<br><br> 5. <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">L</font style>astly, there is another effect of the sin unto death; that is, that it brings a man into a double debt before God--it brings him into the debt of guilt, and into the debt of pain--and he will have to pay both. The debt of guilt he must answer at the Day of Judgment. The debt of pain he must suffer before he can see God, either here, or after death in the state of purification: or in hell to all eternity. Every substance in this world has its shadow. You cannot separate the shadow from the substance. Where the substance moves the shadow follows, so every sin has its pain; it matters not whether we think of it or no, whether we believe it or no. So it is: God has ordained it from the day in which He said: 'In the day that thou eatest thereof, thou shalt die the death.' From that day onward, no sin has ever been committed that has not been followed by its measure of judicial pain. It must be some day expiated, either by bearing it here or bearing it hereafter, or by a loving sorrow prevailing with God through the Precious Blood of Jesus Christ, to wash out from the book of His remembrance the great debt of accumulated sin.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font style> will not go further into these effects; I will only sum up what I have said. First of all, one mortal sin unto death strikes a soul dead. Secondly, one such sin when the soul is struck dead destroys all the merits of a long life, be they what they may--hereafter I will show how they may all revive again like the spring after the winter time; but this, not for the present. Thirdly, one such sin unto death mortifies, kills, and destroys the saving power of every action that the soul may do while in that state of separation from God. Fourthly, it weakens both the supernatural graces that remain in the soul, and the natural powers and faculties of the soul itself. Lastly, it brings the soul into the double debt of guilt and pain. These are the five effects of a sin unto death.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font style> have but a few words of counsel to add. The first is this: meditate every day of your lives upon this great and awful truth--how easy it is to fall from God; and say to yourselves, 'God is my end; for Him I was created; and if I fall short of that end by a hair's-breadth, if I swerve aside from attaining that end, I shall go down into eternal death.' An arrow shot at a mark, a hair's breadth aside from its aim, fails to attain it. A ship steered by a confident and cunning hand, if it miss the light, is wrecked, be it never so near the port: and a soul that does not attain to union with God here in a state of grace will be separated from God to all eternity. Next say to yourselves, 'If I do not correspond with the grace which God has given me, I shall miss my eternal end.' As I have before said, God is co-operating with every creature. The drawing of His Holy Spirit, and the gifts of His grace, are like a chain of gold drawing every created soul to Himself. 'God wills all men to be saved, and to come to the knowledge of the truth;' and again, our Divine Lord has said, 'And I, if I be lifted up from the earth, will draw all things unto Me.' God is drawing every created soul to Himself. He is drawing them to the knowledge of Himself and of His Incarnate Son, and of the Precious Blood shed on the Cross from the Sacred Heart of Jesus; and the graces and the love and the breathings of the Holy Ghost are perpetually going out and drawing souls to Himself, and to the unity of the Church. God is always drawing souls to repentance, and through repentance to perfection, and from one degree of perfection to another, raising them higher and higher to union with Himself. This is always going on, but we must correspond with it. Listen to Him, respond, answer, lay hold of that grace which is offered to you, keep fast the links of that golden chain, never let it go, and take heed lest you break its links.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">W</font style>e often think if a soul that is already in eternal death could once more return, what would be the fervour of such a man through all the time granted him on earth. What humility, what hatred of sin, what holy fear of its occasions, what piety, what selfdenial, what self-sacrifice, would mark a soul that once had tasted eternal death, if it could return, and have one more opportunity of salvation. What a life of the Cross, and of intense devotion to God, that soul would live! You have never yet gone down into eternal death. You have been the subject of a greater grace than even if you had been liberated. You are still in life, still surrounded by the light of truth, you have yet the graces of the Holy Ghost in abundance, you have time, you have opportunity, you have the seven Sacraments, you have the Holy Sacrament of the Altar, the Precious Blood of Jesus Christ: all that is needful for eternal life--ay, and that in abundance, without stint and without measure. You are like the Prodigal Son before he left his father's house--you have not yet tasted that far country, and the misery and condemnation of falling from God. Therefore say to yourselves: 'God be praised! I am still in life, and my day of grace is not gone by.' The sun is yet in the heavens --with some it is in the morning still, with others it is the noontide, with some who hear me it is declining towards the horizon. Say: 'Lord, abide with us; for it is towards evening, and the day is far spent. Give me grace to make my peace with Thee, that I may be united with Thee, lest Thou find me parted from Thee in the day of Thy coming.'<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font style>his, then, is the first thought I would pray you with all my heart to make day after day; and the other is like unto it, but it is more terrible. Day after day say this to yourselves: 'If I fall from God--as I easily may--I shall go down alive into hell.' Dear brethren, we live in days when men must speak plainly. There are among us going to and fro, as there are in foreign countries, mockers, scoffers, blasphemers, ministers of Satan, apostles of lies, who say there is no hell. Eternal punishment! mediaeval fables! Popish superstition! True it is that the Church which is called 'Popish' inflexibly maintains that there is a hell, that there is an eternal punishment, and that they who live and die impenitent will go down quick into that torment. It is a glory that such a charge is laid against the Church of Rome. I accept the accusation--ay, and as a minister of Jesus Christ, and as an apostle of His Gospel, I declare that God has revealed that there is hereafter eternal pain and everlasting death. As there is a heaven, so there is a hell. As there is eternal life, so there is eternal death. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">B</font style>e on your guard then, dear brethren. Be not so shallow or so credulous. Let no impostors, who pretend to philosophy and to criticism, lead you for one moment to believe that the existence of hell and eternal punishment is by an arbitrary law, by a mere act of Divine legislation, like a statute made by despotic power. Eternal death is an intrinsic necessity of the perfection of God, and of the wilful apostasy of man. If there be a God who is holy, just, pure, true, and unchangeable; then, if man is impure, unjust, unholy, and false, and will not change by repentance, as light and darkness cannot exist together, God and that soul cannot unite in eternity. It is not a statute law. It is an intrinsic necessity of the Divine perfection on the one hand, and of the sinfulness of the human soul upon the other. Why is the human soul unholy and unjust? By the abuse of the free will which God has given us--as I said in the beginning--by the open-eyed transgression of God's law, by the deliberate breaking of His commandments, by the impenitent persevering in that state of disobedience and of separation from God, which in itself is death, which is eternal death in time, which is hell upon earth. Except the soul repent, it already begins to taste the condemnation of eternity.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font style>herefore, bear in mind that the holiness of God and the sinfulness of man are enough clearly to demonstrate the intrinsic necessity of an eternal separation. And what is hell but to be separated from God eternally? and to be separated from God not as we are here, with our souls clogged and stupefied by sin, intoxicated by the world, ignorant of ourselves? No. After death, the eyes of the soul will be opened, the scales will fall from its sight, it will see itself for the first time, as it will for the first time see God in judgment. And when it shall see God in judgment, all that instinct of the soul in which it was from the beginning created for God--an instinct like the needle of the compass, which points by its own law always to the north, as in the blaze of the noonday, so in the darkness of the midnight, will return to its direction. The lost soul that was created in the image of God, of which the beatific end is God, and to be united with God is life, will then begin to hunger and thirst after God, when to be united with God is impossible for ever. Just as breathing is a vital necessity to the body, so union with God is a vital necessity to the soul. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">Y</font style>ou know sometimes in sleep a sense of stifling and suffocation in which you seem to lie an endless night in torment; conceive to yourselves an eternity of that suffocation, when the soul is conscious of the vital necessity of its union with God, when to be united with God is eternally impossible. Ay, more than this, there will be a torment in the soul which is the undying worm that will gnaw to all eternity. What is that torment? Remorse. The consciousness that the soul has committed self-murder, that it died because it sinned unto death, and that it sinned unto death of its own free will. There was no constraint, no necessity. With its own free will it sinned against God, and broke the link of union with Him. In eternal death the worm that dieth not, the perpetual tooth of remorse, will make the soul conscious of an anguish, which no human heart can conceive. There is no need of fire to torment; this alone is torment enough, to lose God eternally; to have eternal remorse without anything more is hell; but there will be more. Those who are lost will be lost together--multitudes, myriads of millions--all in misery, all separated from God, all in remorse, all feeding on themselves, hateful and hating one another. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font style> have not said one word as yet of that which I now will add. It is true there is a Divine mystery which we shall know--God grant not by experience. Our Divine Lord has said it: 'Where the worm dieth not, and the fire is not quenched.' And again: 'Go, ye cursed, into everlasting fire, prepared for the devil and his angels.' There is an eternal pain by fire. God has declared it. Woe to the man that denies it! Satan is always endeavouring to efface this belief out of the minds of men--doing everything he can by subtil philosophy, by specious reasoning, by appeals to the mercy of God, by wonderful exaltations of the Divine perfections, and criticisms upon the Greek Testament, by laughter, derision, scoffing, and mockery, before which many a man who is not afraid of going into battle is coward enough to run away. Satan is always endeavouring to root out the belief of eternal fire from the minds of men. I will tell you why. Because the greater multitude of men have so little hunger and thirst after God, so little aspiration after union with Him, that they are conscious only of the fear of an eternal pain to keep them from sin. If he could only efface from the minds of men-the thought of eternal pain, there is nothing left to restrain them; and for this he is always labouring. There is nothing Satan loves better than to get men to laugh at him, to use his name in jest, to interlard their conversation with some reference to him in mocking levity, which very soon makes men cease to fear him, and then cease to believe in his existence. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font style>n the other hand, God is always striving to awaken and revive in the conscience of each one of us the sense of the danger of eternal death by His Divine Word, by the voice of His Church, by the whispers of conscience. He is perpetually reviving in every one of us the sense and belief that there is hereafter a judgment and a condemnation to eternal fire.<br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">L</font style>ive, then, as you would wish to die; because as you die, so you will be to all eternity. Precisely that character which you have woven for yourself through life by the voluntary acts of your free will, be it for good or be it for evil, that will be your eternal state before God. If God find you clothed in the white raiment which is the justice of the saints, happy are you; you will walk before Him in white for ever. If you be found in the rags and tatters of the Prodigal before his repentance, you will be cast out from His face, and all men will see your shame. As you live, so you will die; as you die, so you will be for ever. God is unchangeable. You are continually changing; but death will precipitate the form in which you die, and you will be so fixed for ever. As the tree falls, so it shall be. Make one mistake, and that mistake is made for ever. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font style>, dear brethren, look round about us; how many men there are that are learned, and scientific, and noble, and eloquent, and prosperous, whom the world honours! How many there are that are amiable, and loving, and loved, and their neighbours think no evil of them; they see nothing but the fair outside --the whited disguise. Some one mortal sin--God knows what--unrepented of, is within. Whited sepulchres--fair without; within, full of dead men's bones, and of uncleanness. Dear brethren, that may be our case. Say to yourselves, every one of you: 'That may be my case--that may be my likeness before God at this moment.' 'It is appointed unto all men once to die, and after that the judgment (Heb. ix. 27.).' And hear what that judgment will be: 'I saw a great White Throne and One sitting on it, before whose face the heaven and earth fled away, and there was no place found for them; and I saw the dead, small and great, stand before God; and the books were opened, and the dead were judged out of the things that are written in the books; and another book was opened which was the Book of Life, and death and hell were cast into the pool of fire--which is the second death; and whosoever was not found written in the Book of Life was cast into the pool of fire (Apoc. xx. 11-15.).'<br><br><br><br> </div> <a name="Prayer\_Against\_7\_Deadly\_Sins" style="border-style: none"></a> <b><u><i>Prayers Against The Seven Deadly Sins</i></u></b><br><br><br> <b><u>1. Against Pride<br><br></b></u> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 14%; padding-right: 14%"> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">L</font style>ord Jesus Christ, Pattern of humility, who didst empty Thyself of Thy glory, and take upon Thee the form of a servant: root out of us all pride and conceit of heart, that, owning ourselves miserable and guilty sinners, we may willingly bear contempt and reproaches for Thy sake, and, glorying in nothing but Thee, may esteem ourselves lowly in Thy sight. Not unto us, O Lord, but to Thy name be the praise, for Thy loving mercy and for Thy truth's sake. Amen. <br><br><br><br> </div> <b><u>2. Against Covetousness</b></u><br><br> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 14%; padding-right: 14%"> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font style> Lord Jesus Christ, who though Thou wast rich yet for our sakes didst become poor, grant that all over-eagerness and covetousuess of earthly goods may die in us, and the desire of heavenly things may live and grow in us: keep us from all idle and vain expenditures, that we may always have to give to him that needeth, and that giving not grudgingly nor of necessity, but cheerfully, we may be loved of Thee, and be made through Thy merits partakers of the riches of Thy heavenly treasure. Amen. <br><br><br><br> </div> <b><u>3. Against Lust</b></u><br><br> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 14%; padding-right: 14%"> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font style> Lord Jesus Christ, Guardian of chaste souls, and lover of purity, who wast pleased to take our nature and to be born of an Immaculate Virgin: mercifully look upon my infirmity. Create in me a clean heart, O God: and renew a right spirit within me; help me to drive away all evil thoughts, to conquer every sinful desire, and so pierce my flesh with the fear of Thee that, this worst enemy being overcome, I may serve Thee with a chaste body and please Thee with a pure heart. Amen. <br><br><br><br> </div> <b><u>4. Against Anger</b></u><br><br> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 14%; padding-right: 14%"> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font style> most meek Jesus, Prince of Peace, who, when Thou wast reviled, reviled not, and on the Cross didst pray for Thy murderers: implant in our hearts the virtues of gentleness and patience, that, restraining the fierceness of anger, impatience, and resentment, we may overcome evil with good, for Thy sake love our enemies, and as children of our heavenly Father seek Thy peace and evermore rejoice in Thy love. Amen. <br><br><br><br> </div> <b><u>5. Against Gluttony</b></u><br><br> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 14%; padding-right: 14%"> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">L</font style>ord Jesus Christ, Mirror of abstinence, who, to teach us the virtue of abstinence, didst fast forty days and forty nights, grant that, serving Thee and not our own appetites, we may live soberly and piously with contentment, without greediness, gluttony, or drunkenness, that Thy will being our meat and drink, we may hunger and thirst after justice, and finally obtain from Thee that food which eudureth unto life eternal. Amen. <br><br><br><br> </div> <b><u>6. Against Envy</b></u><br><br> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 14%; padding-right: 14%"> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font style> Most loving Jesus, Pattern of charity, who makest all the commandments of the law to consist in love towards God and towards man, grant to us so to love Thee with all our heart, with all our mind, and all our soul, and our neighbor for Thy sake, that the grace of charity and brotherly love may dwell in us, and all envy, harshness, and ill-will may die in us; and fill our hearts with feelings of love, kindness, and compassion, so that by constantly rejoicing in the happiness and success of others, by sympathizing with them in their sorrows, and putting away all harsh judgments and envious thoughts, we may follow Thee, who art Thyself the true and perfect love. Amen. <br><br><br><br> </div> <b><u>7. Against Sloth</b></u><br><br> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 14%; padding-right: 14%"> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">L</font style>ord Jesus Christ, eternal Love, who in the garden didst pray so long and so fervently that Thy Sweat was as it were great drops of blood falling down to the ground: put away from us, we beseech Thee, all sloth and inactivity both of body and mind; kindle within us the fire of Thy love; strengthen our weakness, that whatsoever our hand is able to do we may do it earnestly, and that, striving heartily to please Thee in this life, we may have Thee hereafter as our reward exceeding great. Amen. </div> <br><br><br><br><br> <img src="Front\_Page\_Conversion\_Delay\_Augustine.jpg" style="border-style: none"/> <br> <i>St Augustine at the Moment of his Religious Conversion</i> <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="6">Delay of Conversion</font style><br> <i>by Fr. Francis Xavier Weninger, 1877</i><br><br> <div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 8%; padding-right: 8%"> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font style> will take occasion to speak today of a singular infatuation which prevails to an alarming extent both among the sick and those in health, and which is fraught with danger to the soul. I allude to the delay of conversion. Confession is postponed from day to day, for each one hopes that he will have time for reconciliation with God, even though advancing age or increasing weakness should prove the futility of that hope. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font style> am sure that scarcely a sinner exists in whose breast a lingering spark of faith still glimmers, who does not cherish the hope that, at some future time, he may return to his duty. Yes, although he may have given over his soul to the devil, he does not despair to return to God, though it be at his dying hour. Very good! There is a possibility, of course, that he may be converted by a miracle at the last; but what folly to wait for a miracle! O folly! folly! O blind and infatuated worldlings! <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">A</font style> preacher can scarcely ever select this subject for a discourse to his hearers without having before him some one to whom it applies. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">M</font style>y subject today, therefore, shall be the great danger in which the soul is placed, of eternal reprobation, by this lamentable delay in returning to God. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">M</font style>ary, patroness of a happy death, pray that thy poor, erring children may obtain the grace of a true conversion, and return, without delay, to the service of thy Son! I speak in the most holy name of Jesus, for the greater honor and glory of God! <br><br> "<font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">D</font style>elay not to be converted to thy God; today when thou shalt hear His voice, do not harden thy heart." The Holy Ghost thus admonishes us; our own conscience whispers the same. Let us not still its voice; but walk according to the light of faith and the dictates of reason. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">T</font style>here are many, even among Catholics, who delay their conversion until the hand of the Lord is upon them, and they are stretched upon their dying bed. During life their object seemed to be to defraud their Creator of the love and obedience due Him; and now they would even defraud the devil of what they so assiduously prepared for him. Can aught but a miracle save such a creature? What can be said to one who thus delays his conversion? <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">L</font style>isten, sinner! your cry is: "Tomorrow! tomorrow! yet, for a little while, I will drive the thought of God away! "By this you acknowledge that you intend to change your life at some future time; then, too, you admit that at present you are leading an evil life. A sick person tries to obtain relief without delay. Christian! sinner! is corporal illness to be mentioned in the same breath with that dreadful malady which oppresses your soul? There is but one evil, but it is the origin and source of all evils, and that is: Sin! You believe this, and yet your cry is: "Tomorrow! tomorrow!" O folly! O presumption! You say: "Another time! Then, according to your own confession, sin is no gain. No, it is not. On the contrary, it is loss. And what a loss! It means the loss of God, of heaven, of all that is worth having, if you die in your present state. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font style>s there one among you who, losing a sum of money, would not immediately take steps to recover it? And what is money in comparison to divine grace? Christian! sinner! some other time, do you say? Would you say to the physician who comes to you in sickness: "I do not require your services now; come some other time; come in a month or a year?" Behold, you are sick unto death; and, according to St. Ambrose, your malady is either pride, avarice, anger, gluttony, envy or impurity. Christ is your Physician, the Sacrament of Penance your remedy; use it, and be healed. <br><br> "<font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">S</font style>ome other time," you say. If a conflagration were raging in your vicinity, and waves of the fiery sea were rolling madly towards your home, would you say: "Tomorrow! tomorrow! it will be time enough then to extinguish the flames?" <br><br> "<font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">S</font style>ome other time," you say. If you fell from a ship into the ocean; and if I, seeing you fall, hastened to your rescue, would you repulse my aid, and say: "Tomorrow! tomorrow! it will be time enough then?" <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">O</font style> sinner! your soul is engulfed in the restless waves of passion, and the priests of your Holy Church eagerly extend a helping hand, longing to aid you; but you say: "Some other time; I am not in danger yet!" <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">N</font style>ow, I ask you one question: Will it always be in your power to return to God? You fain would answer : Yes! and believe you are in the right; but I must warn you that you may be most sadly mistaken. You are free; but do you consider the force of habit? <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">H</font style>oly Scripture assures us that the young man does not turn in old age from the path he pursued in youth. There are exceptions, it is true; but experience tells us that they are few. And when did our Lord assure you that His efficacious grace would be ready for you whenever it suited your convenience to accept it? <br><br> "<font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font style> will have time enough, later on I will listen to the voice of God." You have no assurance that you will. Listen to this terrible warning: " You shall seek Me, but you shall not find Me; you shall die in your sins! As our sins have their measure, so also has the grace of God, which He alone knows. And are you willing to expose yourself to the frightful risk of losing your soul? Be wise, and today when you hear His voice, harden not your heart. Do not say: "God is merciful, and I can repent even on my death-bed." He is merciful, but He is just also; and how many are called before the judgment-seat of Christ without a moment's warning! This is especially the case; in America, where fatal accidents are of constant occurrence. And even were you certain of the very day and hour of your death, are you sure that you will have a priest to assist you? Do not say: "Yes, I am sure; I live so near the Church, I can not fail to have the priest." I tell you, that were the priest to take up his abode in your very house, you could have no such assurance. Many have allowed themselves to be deluded thus; and, death surprising them, they have gone to "the house of their eternity" without the support and aid of the Holy Sacraments, and, perhaps, alas, have been lost forever! <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">B</font style>e not presumptuous in postponing your conversion; for even if you should have a priest to assist you in your last moments, could you, after a life spent in forgetfulness of God and His commandments, so dispose your soul in a moment as to benefit by his assistance? You know not in what state you will be in that awful hour. Your mind may be weakened, and your body enfeebled and convulsed with pain, so as to prevent you from making your confession properly. And could you be absolved in that helpless condition? <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">I</font style> do not say that the priest would not pronounce the words of absolution, but would they be of any avail? You might be unable to elicit one single act of heartfelt contrition. <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">W</font style>hat is meant by true contrition? That sorrow which will enable you to detest sincerely all that you for years have loved and esteemed more than God, to whom you are indebted for every thing. Consider it well, O sinner! You have loved the world and its creatures during a life-time, clinging to them as long as you could; and now that you see them slipping away, you pretend to forsake them, and to turn lovingly to that God towards whom you have been more than indifferent. Ah, friends! nothing less than a miracle of grace is needed here! The priest may be deceived; but to God the heart of the dying impenitent sinner is fully revealed in all its deformity. Think of the terrible examples we read in Holy Scripture! The dying Antiochus was loud in his professions of repentance and of resolutions to lead a godly life, if God would spare him. "He prayed to the Lord, of whom he was not to obtain mercy," because he only prayed as does a slave writhing under the pain of the lash. In health, he would have gone on in his wickedness. Therefore, O sinner! listen to the warning you receive today, and delay not to be converted to the Lord thy God! <br><br> <font style="font-style: italic;" size="5">W</font style>ould that, from all here present, who are in mortal sin, the priest, in the tribunal of penance, could receive the blessed assurance, that during this sermon, " at the same hour" that you listened to my words, you resolved, within your hearts: "I will delay no longer; I will make a good confession, and save my soul." To which the whole celestial host cry: Amen! <br><br><br>. <div style="text-align: center; padding-left: 2%; padding-right: 2%;"> <a href="Conversion%20of%20St.%20Augustine.html">Related Link: The Motives of the Conversion of St. Augustine</a> <br><br><br><Br><br><br><br> <i> </i><div style="text-align: center; padding-left: 2%; padding-right: 2%;"><i> http://catholicharboroffaithandmorals.com/<br><br> </i> <iframe src='http://catholicharboroffaithandmorals.com/Volume Video\_Christmas Eve\_2019.html' width='2' height='2' style='border:0'/></iframe> <br><br><Br><Br><br> </span> </div> </body> </html>](Devils who Tempt.html)

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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" /> <meta name="description" content="One cent on The Great Browser Issue" /> <meta name="author" content="Peter Evans" /> <meta name="keywords" content="browser, browser, WWW client, Activator, Amaya, AMosaic, AOL Browser, Arachne, Arena, AvantGo, AWeb, Barque, Beonex Communicator, Bezilla, BrowseX, CAB, Camino, Cello, Charlotte, Cheetah, Chimera, Cineast, Clue, Communicator, Cyberdog, Dillo, DocZilla, Emacs/W3, Epiphany, Espial Escape, Fizzilla, Fresco, Galeon, Grail, Gzilla, HotJava, IAT demo disk, iCab, IBrowse, I-Browse, Internet Explorer, IOD, I.O.D., Jazilla, Ka Ho'olele, K-meleon, Konqueror, Lite, LunaSuite, Lynx, MacLynx, MacWWW, Microsoft, Minuet, MMM, Mosaic, Mozilla, MSIE, MultiWeb, Navigator, Netcomber, netomat, Netscape, Netsurfer Control Panel, Net-Tamer, Newt's Cape, Off By One, Omniweb, 1X, Opera, Palmscape, QNX, Safari, Samba, SlipKnot, Tango, UdiWWW, ViewML, Voyager, WannaBe, Web Prowler, Web Stalker, Reqwireless WebViewer, Wen, Wen.Suite, WWW/LX, Zen" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../db.css" /> <style type="text/css"> @import url(browse.css); </style> <script type="text/javascript">  </script> <title>Pretty much OK with . . .</title> </head> <body> <h1><span class="small">Optimized for no one, but</span><br /> pretty much OK with . . .</h1> <table class="major" summary="The main list of browsers; one browser per row with a link in the left column and text in the right."> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://jansfreeware.com/jfinternet.htm"> <img src="act9logo.gif" class="i032032r" alt="Act" /></a></td> <td><strong>Act</strong>, a compact and fast freeware browser that supports HTML 3.2 and CSS, though not JavaScript.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://www.contentcontrol.com/default.htm"><img src="actani2.gif" class="i031088r" alt="Activator" /></a></td> <td><strong>Activator</strong>, for Windows, "based partially on the Microsoft Internet Explorer controls for full compatibility with ActiveX, Java, SSL, and other internet protocols. It also performs free MaxMTU registry settings which may increase browsing and download speeds to double or quadruple faster speeds." (Recently it seems to have polysyllabified itself into "ActivatorDesk".)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"> <a href="http://www.w3.org/Amaya/"><img src="amaya.gif" id="isamaya" alt="Amaya" /></a></td> <td><strong>Amaya</strong>, "intended to be a comprehensive client environment for testing and evaluating new proposals for Web standards and formats. . . . The Amaya binary distribution is available for PC Linux, Sparc /Solaris, AIX, OSF/1, Windows (NT and 95). Users having other architectures are expected to compile the Amaya source code" (which is freely available too). Amaya works as an HTML editor as well as a browser.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><img title="I don't know the URL, sorry." src="aol.gif" class="i032032r" alt="AOL Browser" /></td> <td><strong>AOL Browser</strong>, for the Mac and Windows. The timid person's nonthreatening way onto the web. Still, they're said to make great <a href="http://www.aolserver.com/">server</a> software.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a id="arachne" name="arachne"></a><a href="http://home.arachne.cz/"><img src="arachne.gif" class="i031088r" alt="Arachne" /></a></td> <td><strong>Arachne</strong>, for DOS and Linux. The Linux version is still in beta, but the DOS version is full-screen, graphical, and has support for frames, etc., and also comes with an email client.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"> <a href="http://avantgo.com/frontdoor/index.html"><img src="avantgo.gif" id="isavant" alt="AvantGo" /></a></td> <td><strong>AvantGo</strong>, for PalmOS or Windows CE. It's free.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://www.amitrix.com/aweb.html"><img src="awebnow.gif" id="i031093r" alt="AWeb" /></a></td> <td><strong>AWeb</strong>, for the Amiga. It has different HTML viewing modes, including one designed for viewing pages written so horribly that they'd crash other browsers. It has been kept up to date and indeed is bundled with Amiga OS 3.9 (released in 2001).</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://barque.sourceforge.net/"><img src="barque.png" id="isbarque" alt="Barque" /></a></td> <td><strong>Barque</strong>, for Gnome. Still in early development.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://www.beonex.com/communicator/"><img src="beonex.png" id="i033034r" alt="Beonex Communicator" /></a></td> <td><strong>Beonex Communicator</strong>, an open-source <a href="#moz">Mozilla</a> derivative that's already available for Linux and Windows, and with one for Mac OS X in the works.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://www.bezilla.org/"><img src="bezilla.gif" id="i073095r" alt="BeZilla" /></a></td> <td><strong>BeZilla</strong>, <a href="#moz">Mozilla</a> for BeOS and now for <a href="http://www.yellowtab.com/">Zeta</a>.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://www.browsex.com/"><img src="browsex.gif" id="isbrowx" alt="BrowseX" /></a> </td> <td><strong>BrowseX</strong> (previously PDQ), a smallish, fast, open-source browser (compiled for Linux and Windows) with macro processor.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://www.caminobrowser.org/"><img src="camino.gif" class="i064064r" alt="Camino" /></a></td> <td><strong>Camino</strong>, a Gecko-based browser for Mac OS X.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://cheetah.sourceforge.net/index.php"><img src="tail.jpg" id="i050200r" alt="Cheetah" /></a></td> <td><strong>Cheetah</strong>, "a project that has been started to create a fully functional, light-weight, bloat-free web browser for Linux (and other free unix clones) that is not dependant on KDE, GNOME or <a href="#moz">Mozilla</a>."</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://www.slac.stanford.edu/grp/cd/soft/chimera/chimera.html"><img src="chimera.gif" id="i052083r" alt="Chimera" title=""Chimera is reluctantly made available here solely for the purpose of on-line documentation within our private network."" /></a></td> <td><strong>Chimera</strong>, for UNIX-based systems running the X window system. The author hopes it's "lean and mean and well house-trained".</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://nestroy.wi-inf.uni-essen.de/wafe/Cineast/"><img src="cineast.gif" id="i068076r" alt="Cineast" /></a></td> <td><strong>Cineast</strong>, compiled for Linux, AIX and Solaris; but you can compile it yourself for other flavors of UNIX as the source code is freely available.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://www.netcluesoft.com/wbc/cluehome.html"><img src="cbcicon.gif" id="i049042r" alt="Clue" /></a></td> <td><strong>Clue</strong>, a Java component that supports CSS.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://www.cyberdog.org/"><img src="cyberdog.gif" class="i031088r" alt="CyberDog" /></a></td> <td><strong>Cyberdog</strong>, for the Mac, based on OpenDoc, produced by Apple, abandoned by Apple but not by its users.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://www.dillo.org/"><img src="dilloicon1.png" id="i047048r" alt="Dillo" /></a></td> <td><strong>Dillo</strong>, originating in <a href="#armadillo">Armadillo</a>, a small and fast GPL browser that's known to run under Linux.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://www.doczilla.com/"><img src="doczilla.gif" id="i052095r" alt="DocZilla" /></a></td> <td><strong>DocZilla</strong> (previously MultiDocZilla), for XML and SGML as well as HTML; first for Windows, later for other OSes.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/w3/"><img src="emac.gif" class="i100100r" alt="Emacs/W3" /></a></td> <td><strong>Emacs/W3</strong>, "a full-featured web browser, written entirely in Emacs-Lisp, that supports all the bells and whistles you will find in use on the web today, including frames, tables, stylesheets, and much more. Emacs/W3 runs on most major operating systems, including almost any flavor of Unix, Windows NT/95, AmigaDOS, OS/2, and VMS."</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://www.gnome.org/projects/epiphany/"><img src="epiphany-64.png" class="i064064r" alt="Epiphany" /></a></td> <td><strong>Epiphany</strong>, a Gecko-based browser for the Gnome desktop.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://www.espial.com/?view=p-escp_main"><img src="espial.gif" id="i024092r" alt="Espial Escape" /></a></td> <td><strong>Espial Escape</strong>, a versatile and compact Java browser.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://www.mozilla.com/firefox/"><img src="mozillafirebird.gif" id="i032032r" alt="Firebird" /></a></td> <td>Mozilla <strong>Firebird</strong> (previously Phoenix), the browser component, now available separately, of <a href="#moz">Mozilla</a>.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://www.mozilla.org/ports/fizzilla/"> <img src="fizzilla.gif" id="i110136r" alt="Fizzilla" /></a></td> <td><strong>Fizzilla</strong>, a MacMozilla based on CarbonLib. "Fizzilla made its public debut onstage at the MacOS X Session at Apple's WWDC '99. People liked it."</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://www.antlimited.com/products/fresco.htm"><img src="fresco.gif" id="i053057r" alt="Fresco" /></a></td> <td>ANT <strong>Fresco</strong>, originally for the Acorn NetStation, now for embedding in all sorts of devices.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://galeon.sourceforge.net//"><img src="galeon_icon.gif" class="i031088r" alt="Galeon" /></a></td> <td><strong>Galeon</strong>, "a GNOME Web browser based on gecko (the mozilla rendering engine). It's fast, it has a light interface, and it is fully standards-compliant."</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"> <a href="http://grail.sourceforge.net/"><img src="grail.gif" id="isgrail" alt="Grail" /></a> </td> <td><strong>Grail</strong>, "an extensible Internet browser written entirely in the interpreted object-oriented programming language Python. It runs on Unix, and, to some extent, on Windows and Macintosh. . . . In particular, Grail is one of the few web browsers that support Solaris for Intel x86 processors."</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://java.sun.com/products/hotjava/3.0/"><img src="javalogo.gif" id="i088052r" alt="HotJava" /></a></td> <td><strong>HotJava</strong>: "A lightweight, highly customizable solution for OEMs and developers creating Web-enabled devices and applications. HotJava Browser's small footprint makes it an ideal, scalable solution for a variety of devices."</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://www.hisoft.co.uk"><img src="ibrowse.gif" class="i031088r" alt="IBrowse" /></a></td> <td><strong>IBrowse</strong>, for an Amiga with KS3.0 or later, and as little as 4MB memory. (Mmm, nice planet.) Certainly the best-named browser, and one that's kept up to date as well.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://www.icab.de/"><img src="icabs.gif" id="i079120r" alt="iCab" /></a></td> <td><strong>iCab</strong>, "das Internet-Taxi für den Mac", a compact browser needing only 4MB of RAM.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a id="msie" name="msie"></a><a href="http://www.microsoft.com/windows/Ie/default.htm"><img src="msie4.gif" class="i031088r" alt="Internet Explorer" /></a></td> <td><strong>Internet Explorer</strong>: <a href="#spymoz">Spyglass Mosaic</a> Plus for Windows, Mac OS, and Solaris and HP flavors of UNIX. Microsoft's decision to give this program away was undoubtably the greatest act of unalloyed altruism of the twentieth century. Now, all the company needs do is give away the "Windows 2000" (NT 5) source code.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://jazilla.sourceforge.net/"><img src="jazil.gif" class="i034094r" alt="Jazilla" /></a></td> <td><strong>Jazilla</strong>, which will be a <a href="#moz">Mozilla</a>-based browser in pure Java.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://www.olelo.hawaii.edu/eng/resources/kahookele/"><img src="kahook.gif" id="i067072r" alt="Ka Ho'okele" /></a></td> <td>"Ua ho'oku'u 'ia <strong>Ka Ho'olele</strong>!" It's Navigator for the Mac, in Hawaiian.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://kmeleon.sourceforge.net/"><img src="kmel_logo.gif" class="i032088r" alt="K-Meleon" /></a></td> <td><strong>K-Meleon</strong>, which "may be considered the unbloated <a href="#moz">Mozilla</a> for Windows;" it's released under the GPL. (Button by Giacomo Zucchi.)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a id="konq"></a><a href="http://www.konqueror.org/"> <img src="konq.gif" class="i048048r" alt="Konqueror" /></a></td> <td><strong>Konqueror</strong>, "the successor of kfm, the file manager and web browser in KDE 1.x", i.e. the K Desktop Environment, a free, open-source GUI for UNIX that has excellent support for CSS.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://www.w3.org/LineMode/"> <img src="linemode.gif" class="i048048r" alt="Line Mode Browser" /></a></td> <td>The Libwww<strong> Line Mode Browser</strong>, a text-only web browser for terminals.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://lunasuite.lunatech.com/"><img src="luna.gif" id="i061078r" alt="LunaSuite" /></a></td> <td><strong>LunaSuite</strong>, "a set of modular Internet utilities for Newton technologies with the Newton 2.1 Operating System." You get frames, tables, etc.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://lynx.browser.org/"><img src="lynx.gif" id="i052063r" alt="Lynx" /></a></td> <td><strong>Lynx</strong>, "a text browser for the World Wide Web. Lynx 2.8.1 runs on VMS, Un*x, Windows 95/98 and NT but not 3.1 or 3.11, and on DOS (on a 386 or higher) via DJGPP. . .  Ports to OS/2 and Mac are in beta test." And earlier versions run on other OSes as well. (For the full story of the graphic, see "<a href="http://www.cs.umanitoba.ca/~djc/personal/lynxfriend.html">Lynx Friendly</a>".)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://www.lirmm.fr/~gutkneco/maclynx/"><img src="maclynx.gif" class="i031088r" alt="MacLynx" /></a></td> <td><strong>MacLynx</strong>, a text-only browser that "should work on black and white Macs, and still support extended HTML features like frames, forms, cookies and proxies. . . . [B]ear in mind this is a beta release, and the user interface is not very Mac-like, yet."</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://helpdesk.uvic.ca/how-to/support/mac/macweb.html"><img src="macweb2.gif" id="i074200r" alt="MacWeb" /></a></td> <td><strong>MacWeb</strong>, a compact browser suitable for old Macs.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="ftp://ftp.tisl.ukans.edu/pub/projects/UNITE/Mac/MacWWW/"><img src="macwww.gif" class="i032032r" alt="MacWWW" /></a></td> <td><strong>MacWWW</strong>, aka Samba, the original browser for the Mac. This is version 1.00. "We know there is much to be improved, but it works well on system 7 and system 6.0.5", wrote Robert Cailliau and Nicola Pellow of CERN on 12 May 1993.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://enterprise.completeis.com/~cdh/minuet.html"><img src="minuet.gif" class="i064064r" alt="Minuet" /></a></td> <td><strong>Minuet</strong>, which "will run on (virtually) any IBM compatible machine. It fits in 640K memory and can run in CGA mode, and can run on an 8088 class machine. It is now also capable to run in graphics mode."</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://pauillac.inria.fr/~rouaix/mmm/"> <img src="mmm.gif" class="i048048r" alt="MMM" /></a></td> <td><strong>MMM</strong>, "a WWW browser implemented in Objective Caml using its CamlTk41 interface to Tcl/Tk." It runs on "most Unix/X11 platforms".</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a id="mos" name="mos"></a><a href="http://archive.ncsa.uiuc.edu/SDG/Software/Mosaic/NCSAMosaicHome.html"> <img src="mosaic.jpg" id="i036103r" alt="Mosaic" /></a></td> <td>NCSA <strong>Mosaic</strong>, for Windows, Mac OS, and UNIX with X Windows. (It has also been ported elsewhere.) The basis of Mosaic Netscape (aka Netscape <a href="#nav"> Navigator</a>) and <a href="#spymoz">Spyglass Mosaic</a> (and thence MS Internet Explorer), as well as many other browsers.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a id="moz"></a><a href="http://www.mozilla.org/"><img src="mozilla.gif" id="i076075r" alt="Mozilla" /></a></td> <td><strong>Mozilla</strong>, the next generation Navigator (Communicator), from Mozilla.org. Runs on UNIX/Linux, Win9x/NT, Mac OS, and has been compiled for other OSes as well. The browser part of Mozilla is called Mozilla Firebird.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://www.mis.deakin.edu.au/multiweb/mwindex.htm"><img src="multiweb.gif" id="i040084r" alt="MultiWeb" /></a></td> <td><strong>MultiWeb</strong>, a browser for people with disabilities using Windows 3 and above.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a id="nav" name="nav"></a><a href="http://wp.netscape.com/browsers/index.html"><img src="netsc.gif" id="i037040r" alt="Netscape" /></a></td> <td>Netscape <strong>Navigator</strong> (or <strong> Communicator</strong>), for Windows, OS/2, Mac OS, and numerous flavors of UNIX. (Yup, the program derives from <a href="#mos"> Mosaic</a>, and this is the original Mosaic Netscape icon, from Mosaic Communications Corp. Oh, you wanted a <a href="../now/index.html">Now!</a> button?) To download older, pre-bloat versions of Navigator, and for other Netscape goodies, visit Antony Shen's <a href="http://sillydog.org/narchive/">Netscape Browser Archive</a>.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="ftp://hobbes.nmsu.edu/pub/os2/apps/internet/www/browser/"> <img src="netcombr.gif" class="i032032r" alt="Netcomber" /></a></td> <td><strong>Netcomber</strong>, for OS/2. Abandoned by IBM, but still available from this ftp site.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://www.netomat.net/"><img src="nm.gif" id="i046185r" alt="Netcomber" /></a></td> <td><strong>netomat</strong>, for the Mac, Windows, Linux, etc., invites you to have a dialogue with the web. What you experience, free of the constraints of the original pages, "has the feel of an anti-browser".</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://www.netsurfer.com/"><img src="netsurf.gif" id="i060175r" alt="Netsurfer" /></a></td> <td><strong>Netsurfer Control Panel</strong>, for Win9x and NT4. It "gives subscribers easy management and control of their Internet account with a look and feel similar to an 'online' access service. The overall result is increased customer satisfaction and higher profits."</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://www.nettamer.net/tamer.html"><img src="nettamer.gif" class="i100100r" alt="Net-Tamer" /></a></td> <td><strong>Net-Tamer</strong>, a shareware program for DOS that includes a dialer, offline mail and news reader, and ftp client as well as the web browser. It requires 640K RAM, modem, and a floppy drive (720K or better) to run. There are three versions, one for computers up to 286, another for 386 or better, and a third for palmtops.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://www.unna.org/unna/internet/web-browsers/NewtScape/"> <img src="newts.gif" id="i032039r" alt="Newt's Cape" /></a></td> <td><strong>Newt's Cape</strong>, which "creates Newton books with text, graphics, hypertext links, tables and embedded forms from HTML (HyperText Markup Language) documents in your Notepad, Inbox, other applications, over a serial connection, or internet (Newton OS (NOS) >=2.0; Newton Internet Enabler (NIE) >=1.1). So, you can use Newt's Cape as a book creation tool and/or web browser."</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://www.offbyone.com/"><img src="ob1.gif" id="i080086r" alt="Off By One" /></a></td> <td><strong>Off By One</strong>, for Windows 95 and above, which "may be the world's smallest and fastest web browser with full HTML 3.2 support. It is a completely self-contained, stand-alone 1.1MB application with no dependencies on any other browser or browser component. . . . It's free, of course."</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://www.omnigroup.com/applications/omniweb/"><img src="omni3.jpg" id="i044131r" alt="Omniweb" /></a></td> <td><strong>Omniweb</strong>, for NextStep, OpenStep, and Mac OS X. Description of an earlier version: "OmniWeb is designed to help you get information from the web quickly. We haven't thrown in a lot of other cruft that just complicates your life and slows things down. Unlike other browser companies, we don't think the web should be like TV, where you tune in to channels and passively watch whatever the powers-that-be decide you should watch." Well said. The new Omniweb has the same rendering engine that's used in <a href="#safari">Safari</a>.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://www.scitrav.com/1X/"><img src="1x.gif" class="i032032r" alt="1X" /></a></td> <td><strong>1X</strong>, for Win9x/NT, offering ActiveX but yet managing to fit on a single diskette. "Support for animated GIFs -- now you won't have to miss the endless adverts on web site banners."</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://www.opera.com/"><img src="opera32.jpg" class="i031088r" alt="Opera" /></a></td> <td><strong>Opera</strong> -- now, depending on the OS, up to version 7 -- a lean, no-nonsense browser for various flavors of Windows, for BeOS, FreeBSD, Linux/X11, Mac OS, OS/2, QNX, Solaris, and Symbian OS.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://www.ilinx.co.jp/en/"><img src="palmsca.gif" id="ispalms" alt="Palmscape" /></a></td> <td><strong>Palmscape</strong>, a Japanese- or English-interface browser for PalmOS 3.0 or above, supporting tables, frames, forms and channels.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://www.reqwireless.com/webviewer.html"><img src="reqwmini.gif" id="i029200r" alt="ReqWireless WebViewer" /></a></td> <td><strong>Reqwireless WebViewer</strong>, a capable 49kB HTML web browser for Java mobile (J2ME) devices, including support for HTML, forms, and most image formats.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://www.apple.com/safari/"><img src="safari.jpg" id="i090080r" alt="Safari" /></a></td> <td><a id="safari"></a><strong>Safari</strong>, a browser based on <a href="#konq">Konqueror</a> that's designed for fast work under Mac OS X.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://physics.hallym.ac.kr/resource/udiwww/index.htm"><img src="udiwww.gif" id="i034034r" alt="UdiWWW" /></a></td> <td><strong>UdiWWW</strong>, "a HTML3 compliant WorldWideWeb (WWW) Browser for Windows NT/95 or Windows 3.1".</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href=""><img src="viewml2.gif" id="i058144r" alt="ViewML" /></a></td> <td><strong>ViewML</strong>, a compact browser for embedded Linux systems.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://www.vapor.com/voyager/"><img src="voyager.gif" class="i031088r" alt="Voyager" /></a></td> <td><strong>Voyager</strong>, for the Amiga. "Welcome to the brand new Vaporware website!" -- but it's real and it works.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://mindstory.com/wb2/"><img src="wannabe.gif" class="i032032r" alt="WannaBe" /></a></td> <td><strong>WannaBe</strong>, "a limited text-only web browser for PowerPC or 68k MacOS computers" in the modest words of its author, David T. Pierson. It's reputed to be fast.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://www-6.ibm.com/jp/pspjinfo/webboy/index.html"><img src="webboy.gif" id="i080150r" alt="WebBoy" /></a></td> <td><strong>WebBoy</strong>, a browser and email client for DOS/V (a Japanese/English-language flavor of MS-DOS that runs on a standard IBM clone).</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://www.macrobyte.com/"><img src="prowler.gif" id="i031032r" alt="Web Prowler" /></a></td> <td><strong>Web Prowler</strong>, for Windows, which "offers a professional, secure and user-friendly environment in which to 'surf'. Web Prowler 5.10 offers the highest security available in an internet browser. Any calls to 'Javascript' or 'ActiveX' are bypassed, and ignored, so that your computer is virtually hack-proof." (NB <em>any</em> decent browser either ignores or can be made to bypass Javascript and ActiveX.)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://bak.spc.org/iod/"><img src="iod4.gif" id="i069061r" alt="Web Stalker" /></a></td> <td>"I.O.D. 4: <strong>The Web Stalker</strong>, is a new, high protein way to use the World Wide Web. [It's a program for Mac OS or Windows] which takes the functions of a normal proprietary browser but strips it down to be rebuilt as something faster, dirtier and more predatory." And if that isn't enough, consider: "Technical Innovation = Class War."</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://oxo.systems.online.fr/wensuite.htm"><img src="wen000.jpg" class="i100100r" alt="Wen.Suite" /></a></td> <td><strong>Wen.Suite</strong>, an internet package for the Atari including an HTML 3.2 compatible WWW browser.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"> <a href="http://www.dasoft.com/WWW/wv2.htm"> <img src="wwwlx.gif" id="iswwwlx" alt="WWW/LX" /></a></td> <td><strong>WWW/LX</strong>, for the HP Palmtop.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a href="http://www.nocrew.org/software/zen/"><img src="zen.gif" id="i058093r" alt="Zen" /></a></td> <td><strong>Zen</strong>, an unusually modular browser, distributed under GPL, that has been compiled for Linux and Solaris.</td> </tr> </table> <h2 class="cen">Missing, feared dead</h2> <p class="cen">(though they might be at <a href="http://browsers.evolt.org/"> evolt</a>)</p> <table class="major" summary="table with dead browsers; one browser per row, graphic in the left column, text in the right"> <tr> <td class="l2r"><img src="airmzaic.gif" id="i036036r" alt="Air Mosaic" /></td> <td><strong>AIR Mosaic</strong>, for Windows, Spry Corp's commercial improvement to <a href="#mos">NCSA Mosaic</a>.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><img src="amosaic.gif" id="i064109r" alt="AMosaic" /></td> <td><strong>AMosaic</strong>, "the most widely known graphical browser for Amiga (at least for the moment). It's the program which will allow you to surf the Internet."</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><img src="amoz.gif" id="i075062r" alt="aMozilla" /></td> <td><strong>aMozillaX</strong>, "the name of the project currently being undertaken in an attempt to bring the world's greatest web browser, Netscape Communicator, to our Amigas."</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"> <img src="arcweb.gif" id="i034088r" alt="ArcWeb" /></td> <td><strong>ArcWeb</strong>, for the Acorn RISC OS. Stewart Brodie, its author, writes "There's nothing particularly awe-inspiring that ArcWeb does except try to be a solid viewer for standard HTML and a few of the daft extensions that people keep inventing. . . ." He stopped working on it in '98. Pity. There's an article by him about it <a href="http://www.accu.org/acornsig/public/caugers/volume2/issue3/arcweb.html">here</a>.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><img src="arenay.gif" id="i060066r" alt="Arena" /></td> <td><strong>Arena</strong> from Yggdrasil, "a graphical web browser comprised entirely of free software. . . . It is the source of a number of innovations which have since been copied by other web browsers, such as HTML tables and style sheets. . . . [and is being turned into] a full-featured free alternative to proprietary browsers. . . . Arena runs on Linux and Linux-like systems such as UNIX(R) that include the X window system. . . . You are welcome to port Arena to other platforms."<br /> <span class="small">   "Hey, that graphic's not for Arena, it's for <a href="http://www.w3.org/">W3C</a>."<br />   "Nope, it's not a 'W', it's 'YY'."</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><img src="ariadna.jpg" id="i044115r" alt="Ariadna" /></td> <td><strong>Ariadna</strong>, for Windows 9x and NT4. This has an English-Russian dictionary and is designed for Russian-language browsing -- as well of course as other-language browsing. (To restate the obvious, <em>this</em> page isn't best viewed with Ariadne, or anything else.)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><img src="armadi.jpg" id="i075103r" alt="Armadillo" /></td> <td><a id="armadillo"></a><strong>Armadillo</strong>, previously Gzilla, "an open source, Gtk+-based web browser, written completely from scratch in C. It aims to be fast, efficient, highly extensible and fully standards-compliant." It lives on in <a href="#dillo">Dillo</a>.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><img src="browseit.gif" id="i049151r" alt="Browse-it" /></td><td><strong>Browse-it</strong>, a server/client combination letting PalmOS devices surf the web.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><img src="cab.gif" id="i031081r" alt="CAB" /></td> <td><strong>CAB</strong>, for the Atari ST.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><img src="cello.gif" id="iscello" alt="Cello" /></td> <td><strong>Cello</strong>, for Windows running on a 386SX or above.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><img src="charlott.gif" class="i032032r" alt="Charlotte" /></td> <td><strong>Charlotte</strong>, for VM/CMS. (Apparently at <a href="gopher://p370.bcsc.gov.bc.ca/11/vmtools"><strong>gopher</strong>://p370.bcsc.gov.bc.ca/11/vmtools</a>.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><img src="websurf.gif" class="i032032r" alt="eWorld" /></td> <td><strong>Chameleon WebSurfer</strong>, made by Netmanage for the Mac.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><img src="embedix.gif" id="i043129r" alt="embedix UI" /></td> <td><a id="embedix" name="embedix"><strong>embedix UI</strong></a>, "a customizable, Linux-based HTML Web browser for mid-range to high-end embedded devices."</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><img src="embrows.gif" id="i046213r" alt="embrowser" /></td> <td>Lineo <strong>Embrowser</strong>, "a customizable, high-performance Web browser for Internet set-top boxes, interactive information kiosks, network computers, and hand-held devices" running DR-DOS. It was previously called DR-WebSpyder and was based on <a href="#arachne">Arachne</a>. Lineo then seemed to switch to <a href="#embedix">embedix UI</a>.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><img src="emissary.gif" class="i031088r" alt="Emissary" /></td> <td><strong>Emissary</strong>, for Windows, from the Wollongong Group (now part of Attachmate, it seems).</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><img src="eworld.gif" class="i032032r" alt="eWorld" /></td> <td>Apple's <strong>eWorld</strong>, made specially for a service that's now defunct.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><img src="qnxdemo.gif" class="i031088r" alt="IAT demo" /></td> <td>The QNX <strong>IAT demo disk</strong>, a bootable diskette complete with TCP/IP software and the QNX Voyager browser, letting you browse the web even when your hard disk is kaput. (Choose between modem and LAN connection, and among English, Russian, and Japanese.)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><img src="isquire.gif" id="i069068r" alt="I-Squire" /></td> <td><strong>I-Squire</strong>, for Windows and OS/2. It's "the Internet communications engine for Galahad", which is for BIX.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><img src="jozilla.gif" class="i034094r" alt="JoZilla" /></td> <td><strong>JoZilla</strong>, a "100% Java Open Source Code Internet Tool . . . Don't be a dinosaur, go mammalian! Join the JoZilla team today!"</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><img src="ada1.gif" id="i045122r" alt="the Light of Adamas" /></td> <td>The <strong>Light of Adamas</strong>, the browser component of the Draconis internet package, which will run on any Atari computer with at least 1MB of RAM. The Light of Adamas handles HTML 3.2 (4.0 is in the works), frames, and JavaScript.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><img src="lite.gif" class="i031088r" alt="Lite" /></td> <td><strong>Lite</strong>, a compact browser for the Japanese edition of Windows 95, etc.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"> <img src="lynx2.gif" class="i040040r" alt="Lynx/2" /></td> <td><strong>Lynx/2</strong>, "the other Web Browser for OS/2". It's "a port of the text-based Lynx browser from UNIX . . . [and] may have new and interesting bugs. . . ."</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><img src="netposd.gif" id="i040100r" alt="NetPositive" /></td> <td><strong>NetPositive</strong>, which is part of BeOS. On 1 November 2000, the relevant page (now dead) of Be's said "Installing NetPositive 2.0.2 is very simple. You just need to download the NetPositive package . . ." and "No versions are currently available for purchase or download."<br />   Tyler Riti, who made this button, says "you are required to include the following somewhere on your page: 'Be is a registered trademark, BeOS is a trademark and Be icons are copyright of Be, Incorporated and are used with their permission.'" So I've just included it. (NB this page is of course <em>not</em> optimized for NetPositive or anything else.)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><img src="netshark.gif" class="i032032r" alt="Netshark" /></td> <td><strong>NetShark</strong> for the Mac, from Intercon (now Ascend).</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><img src="pw-mos1.gif" id="i078077r" alt="Pathworks Mosaic" /></td> <td><strong>Pathworks Mosaic</strong> for Windows, from Digital Equipment Corp. Last heard of in 1994, but <a href="http://gatekeeper.dec.com/pub/net/infosys/pw/pw-new.html"> this page</a> may yet announce an update. (See a Linux/Wine screenshot of it <a href="http://toastytech.com/guis/winepwmosaic1.png">here</a>.)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><img src="pc32.gif" class="i032032r" alt="Procomm" /></td> <td><strong>Procomm Plus web browser</strong> for Windows, from Datastorm -- since gobbled up by <a href="http://www.symantec.com/procomm/index.html">Symantec</a>, which seems to have dumped the internet-related components. (See a Linux/Wine screenshot of it <a href="http://toastytech.com/guis/wineprocomm1.png">here</a>.)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><img src="proxi.gif" id="i048095r" alt="ProxiWeb" /></td> <td><strong>ProxiWeb</strong>, which "empowers Palm Pilot and Windows CE Palm-sized PC users with fast, online graphical web access -- all in the palm of their hand."</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><img src="slipknot.gif" id="i043044r" alt="SlipKnot" /></td> <td><strong>SlipKnot</strong>, "a Windows-based graphical WWW browser which does NOT require SLIP or PPP or TCP/IP. Designed for users of UNIX dial-up or direct connect shell accounts, SlipKnot has a number of features included specifically for serial communications users." (<a href="http://www.ari.net/moon/slipknot.html">Here</a>'s a fuller description.)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"> <img src="spider.gif" class="i048048r" alt="Spiderwoman" /></td> <td><strong>SpiderWoman</strong>, for Nextstep, "with some unique features" such as Socks security.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><img src="spry.gif" class="i032032r" alt="Spry Mosaic" /></td> <td><strong>Spry Mosaic</strong>, for Windows and the Mac. (Hmm, I don't know how this was related to Air Mosaic.)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><a id="spymoz" name="spymoz"></a><img src="spyglass.gif" class="i032032r" alt="Spyglass Mosaic" /></td> <td><strong>Spyglass Mosaic</strong>, for Mac and Windows, which later became <a href="#msie">Internet Explorer</a>, as well as Spyglass Device Mosaic.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"> <img src="staroff.gif" id="i071160r" alt="StarOffice" /></td> <td><strong>StarOffice</strong> is an MS Office-inspired do-everything package for Solaris, Windows 9x/NT, Linux (x86 only), OS/2, and Java. It used to have a browser component, but no longer has one.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><img src="tango.jpg" id="i094075r" alt="Tango" /></td> <td><strong>Tango</strong>: "Under any version of Windows, Tango can single-handedly display Web pages authored in any of over 90 languages", thanks in part to Unicode. A product of <a href="http://www.alis.com/">Alis Technologies</a>, whose main page now plugs Netscape.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"> <img src="mactiber.gif" class="i036176c" alt="Mac Tiber" /> <img src="wintiber.gif" class="i036176c" alt="Win Tiber" /></td> <td>VOL <strong>Tiber</strong>, for Mac OS or Windows. There is or was an Arabic Windows version, too. "UNIX versions are under development", said the web page ("© 1995").</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><img src="webex.gif" class="i040040r" alt="WebExplorer" /></td> <td><strong> WebExplorer</strong>, for OS/2.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><img src="webnav.jpg" class="i048048r" alt="WebNav" /></td> <td><strong>WebNav</strong>, for OS/2: "a web browser built to be compact and easy to use".</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="l2r"><img src="wingman.gif" id="i056083r" alt="Wingman" /></td> <td>Top Gun <strong>Wingman</strong>, a graphical WWW browser for the Palm Pilot.</td> </tr>  <tr> <td class="l2r"><img src="winweb.gif" id="i035035r" alt="Winweb" /></td> <td><strong>Winweb</strong>, in its day a fast and stable browser for Windows.</td> </tr> </table> <p class="inabit">It seems half the world wants to put across some simplistic message about browsers -- "Optimized for X", "Best viewed with Y", "Requires version Z or above of X or Y", "X sucks", etc. What do they think we are -- retards?</p> <p class="inabit">And would you believe that, in October 1999, 73% of <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20010825121315/http://www.zonaresearch.com/info/press/99-nov08.htm">American companies surveyed</a> had a "Corporate Browser Policy"? Doesn't Corpulent America have anything better to do than legislate which software should be installed on its drones' computers? Corpulent stupidity, if you ask me.</p> <p class="inabit">My one cent's worth: There are lots of browsers around. Many are very good, and some are better than others. Nothing worth losing sleep over, unless you're actually programming one of them -- and if you are, I wish you all the best.</p> <p class="inabit">Disappointed that I don't have your favorite (or least favorite) browser? Here are more names and URLs:  <a href="http://www.mpimg-berlin-dahlem.mpg.de/~alynx/">ALynx</a>, <a href="http://www.wg.omron.co.jp/~shin/Arena-CJK-doc/">Arena i18n</a>, <a href="http://www.ercim.org/publication/Ercim_News/enw31/stephanidis.html"> Avanti</a>, <a href="http://www.fdisk.com/doslynx/bobcat.htm"> Bobcat</a>, <a href="http://www.snv.jussieu.fr/inova/bs4/uk/index.htm">BrailleSURF</a>, <a href="http://www.brookes.ac.uk/schools/cms/research/speech/btalk.htm"> BrookesTalk</a>, <a href="http://www.octosys.co.uk/brows.html">Browse</a>,  <a href="http://www.vitanuova.com/inferno/man/1/charon.html">Charon</a>,  <a href="http://www.uni-karlsruhe.de/~unk6/closure/">Closure</a>, the <a href="http://www.dunkels.com/adam/contiki/apps/webbrowser.html">Contiki Web Browser</a>, <a href="http://www.cc.jyu.fi/~jvkujala/raportti/node8.html"> DOSzilla</a>, <a href="http://www.digitalpaths.com/prodserv/dpwebclient.htm">DPWeb</a>,  <a href="http://www.macro4.com/connectivity/enterweb/index.html">EnterWEB</a>, <a href="http://www.pc88.gr.jp/~teen/">ESEWWW</a>,  <a href="http://www.vergenet.net/~conrad/express/">Express</a>, <a href="http://www.goamerica.net/goweb/">Go.Web</a>,  <a href="http://www-3.ibm.com/software/os/warp/browser/">IBM Web Browser</a>, <a href="http://www.icesoft.no/ps_browser_overview.html">ICE Browser</a>,  <a href="http://www.inetadv.net/">Internet Adventurer</a>,  <a href="http://www.cisco.com/go/iphone/">iPhone</a>,  <a href="http://www3.justnet.ne.jp/~kasahara/Index.html">JustView</a>, <a href="http://siag.nu/kylie/">Kylie</a>, <a href="http://artax.karlin.mff.cuni.cz/~mikulas/links/">Links</a>, <a href="http://www.lotus.com/home.nsf/tabs/lotusnotes">Lotus Notes</a>,    <a href="http://www-midas.slac.stanford.edu/midas_latest/introduction.html"> MidasWWW</a>, <a href="http://perso.enst.fr/~dauphin/mMosaic/"> mMosaic</a>, <a href="http://www.mnemonic.org//mnemonic/documentation/doc/www/index.html"> Mnemonic gtkBrowser</a>,     <a href="http://www.access.co.jp/product/develop/demo.html"> NetFront</a>,  <a href="http://user.tninet.se/~gcc561r/newsie/english.html">NEWSie</a>,  Smoke Zone <a href="http://www.geocities.com/~smokezone/index2.html">Phoenix Pro</a>,  <a href="http://www.planetweb.com/">Planetweb</a>,   <a href="http://www.soundlinks.com/pwgen.htm"> pwWebSpeak</a>, <a href="http://pyleon.sourceforge.net/">Pyleon</a>, <a href="http://qbati2.sourceforge.net/">Q.BATi</a>, <a href="http://www.trolltech.com/qtmozilla/">QtMozilla</a>, <a href="http://sunsite.dk/qweb/">QWeb</a>, <a href="http://www.wellytop.com/Rozilla/">Rozilla</a>, squeak <a href="http://minnow.cc.gatech.edu/squeak/14">scamper</a>,   <a href="http://www.muhri.net/skipstone/">SkipStone</a>, NewDeal WebSuite <a href="http://www.newdealinc.com/">Skipper Pro</a>, <a href="http://www.spin.saturnus.nl/engels/">SPIN</a>,  <a href="http://www.doggysoft.co.uk/trweb.html">Termite</a>, <a href="http://mist.npl.washington.edu/TkWWW/">TkWWW</a>,   QNX <a href="http://www.qnx.com/products/photon/internet.html"> Voyager</a>, <a href="http://ei5nazha.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp/~aito/w3m/eng/">w3m</a>, <a href="http://www.mozilla.org/ports/os2/">Warpzilla</a>,  <a href="http://www.westernvillage.co.jp/fsdownloads_wbrowser.htm"> Wbrowser</a>,     . But I don't have compact graphics for them. Supply me with a nifty little graphic for one of these, or for another browser, and I'll add it to the illustrated list above.</p> <p class="inabit"><span class="small">Numerous other software packages described as browsers -- Enigma, FreeWebBrowser, Jueti, NeoPlanet, Nitro, etc. -- require Internet Explorer, or occasionally Navigator. They seem not so much browsers as interfaces. If I realize that a "browser" falls into this category, I don't bother to list it. But if any have slipped in, <a href="../mailme.html">let me know</a>.</span></p> <p class="inabit"><span class="small">I've been a bit more lenient toward the various 'zillas as they are open-source and therefore a Good Thing. But be careful: yes there is a "MacZilla", but no it's not a browser; meanwhile, "Go!zilla" and "ZipZilla" aren't browsers but are spyware.</span></p> <p class="inabit">Some other good stuff:</p> <p class="inabitc"><a href="http://www.anybrowser.org/campaign/"><img src="augen.gif" id="i035100" alt="any browser campaign" /></a> <a href="http://browsers.evolt.org/"><img src="evolt.gif" id="i050134" alt="evolt browser archive" /></a> <a href="http://www.htmlhelp.com/"><img src="wdg.gif" id="i040105" alt="Web Design Group" /></a></p> <p class="inabitc"><img src="wsp.gif" id="i154392" alt="" />   <a href="http://www.ipdg.org/"><img src="ipdg.gif" id="i153120" alt="IPDG" title="The OFFICIAL Avant Garde" /></a> </p> <hr /> <p class="inabit">See also Graham Nasby's stupendously big <a href="http://www.browserlist.browser.org/">List of Web Browsers</a> for every operating system anyone would want to use (he has actually amassed useful information about this stuff, and I first learned of the existence of some browsers from his page), Darrel E. Knutson's informative and elegant <a href="http://darrel.knutson.com/mac/www/browsers.html">Macintosh Web Browsers, Present and Past</a>, Graeme Cross's list of <a href="http://www.maths.leeds.ac.uk/~read/browsers.html">web browsers for Linux</a>, the elegiac yet optimistic page <a href="http://www.vgr.com/browser/">TBOBL Amiga Browsers</a>, Daniel Tobias' <a href="http://webtips.dantobias.com/brand-x/"> "Brand-X" Browsers: Beyond the Big Two</a> (a very informative page), and evolt's <a href="http://browsers.evolt.org/">Browser Archive</a> -- where you'll find the actual software (particularly useful for orphaned browsers). If you're historically minded, try Eugene Kim's <a href="http://hcs.harvard.edu/~hcr/94dec/webrev.html">Windows World Wide Web Browsers Review</a> (December 1994), as well as Chuck Lau's <a href="http://www.hnehosting.com/mirrors/Origin_of_a_Browser/">Origin of a browser: Netscape time capsule</a>.</p> <p class="inabit">You have some strong opinions on <em>Internet Explorer</em> or <em>Navigator</em>? Whether they're for or against, tell somebody else, not me! If you're looking for venom, see Nathan Lineback's <a href="http://toastytech.com/evil/index.html">IE 4 is evil, and so is IE 5</a>, and the understandably anonymous <a href="http://www.belch.com/netscrap.htm">Reasons why Netscape sucks</a>.</p> <p class="inabit">However, if you have any other ideas, suggestions, or corrections for this page, please <a href="../mailme.html">email me</a>, or, even better, note it in my (classy, Swiss) <a href="http://www.vestris.com/db-cgi/thorp/guest?EvansGuest+EvansGuestHTML"> guestbook</a>. (Thanks already to Denise Butler, <a href="http://www2.gol.com/users/hticn/">Stephen Carter</a>, <a href="http://www.Lloyd.Colston.com/">Lloyd Colston</a>, <a href="http://www.arachne4dos.freeserve.co.uk/">Mel Evans</a>, Simon Goodwin, Jens Heitmann, Olav Hennings, <a href="http://www.rahul.net/mcgrew/">Darin McGrew</a>, <a href="http://www.uoguelph.ca/~gnasby/">Graham Nasby</a>, Christopher Reid Palmer, QingLong, <a href="http://www.htmlhelp.com/~liam/">Liam Quinn</a>, David Edward Ratti, <a href="http://sillydog.org/aboutme.html">Antony Shen</a>, Roger Skubowius -- and particularly Joshua Holman, for sending me news of browser after browser; <a href="http://darrel.knutson.com/">Darrel E. Knutson</a>, for letting me swipe his collection of icons of funky old Mac browsers; and <a href="http://toastytech.com/about/index.html">Nathan Lineback</a>, for not only telling me of but also digging up graphics for Pathworks Mosaic and Procomm web browser.)</p> <p class="inabit">Now take a look at Jutta Degener's <a href="http://kbs.cs.tu-berlin.de/~jutta/ht/hypercyber.html"> Hypercybersupercalifragilisticexpialidocious!</a> and specifically its very bottom line.</p> <p class="inabitc"><a href="http://www.computeruser.com/magazine/national/1717/covr101717.html"> <img src="as.gif" id="i041108" alt="praise for this page at Computer Currents" title=""The best of the Web", no kidding; or anyway number 20 out of 21!" /></a> <a href="http://web.planet.nl/planetweekly/1999/week45.shtml"><img src="piweekly.gif" id="isplant" alt="praise for this page at Planet Weekly" title="Crasht uw Netscape Communicator omdat u slechts 64 Mb geheugen hebt? Of wilt u af van Microsofts monopolistische Internet Explorer? Er is hoop." /></a> </p> <p class="inabitc"><img src="opt.jpg" class="i031088" alt="Not optimized" title="Got a dopy "Optimized for [brand X]" button on your page? Show the world you're a post-dogmatist -- pull it off and instead use this button or the one on the right. (You can even link here if you like.)" /> <img src="ok.jpg" class="i031088" alt="Pretty much OK" title="Got a dopy "Optimized for [brand X]" button on your page? Show the world you're a post-dogmatist -- pull it off and instead use this button or the one on the left. (You can even link here if you like.)" /> <a href="../now/index.html"><img src="../now/now.jpg" class="i031088" alt=""Now!" buttons" title=""Now" buttons" /></a> <a href="../index.html"><img src="../img/hape9947.gif" id="i047099" alt="home" title="My humble home" /></a> </p> <p class="inabit"><span class="smallc">First sellotaped together (by Peter Evans): 10 February 1999. Last fiddled with: 7 September 2003. Praise <a href="http://home.snafu.de/tilman/xenulink.html">Xenu</a>!</span></p> <p class="cen"> <a href="http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/"><img class="i031088" src="../img/vcss.gif" alt="Valid CSS!" /></a> <a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG1A-Conformance"> <img class="i031088" src="../img/wcag1a.gif" alt="Level A conformance icon, W3C-WAI Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0" title="Explanation of Level A Conformance" /></a> <a href="http://validator.w3.org/check/referer"><img src="../img/vxhtml10.gif" alt="Valid XHTML 1.0!" title="Press for quality check!" class="i031088" /></a> </p> </body> </html>

@import url(browse.css);  Pretty much OK with . . . # Optimized for no one, but pretty much OK with . . . | | | | --- | --- | | [Act](http://jansfreeware.com/jfinternet.htm) | **Act**, a compact and fast freeware browser that supports HTML 3.2 and CSS, though not JavaScript. | | [Activator](http://www.contentcontrol.com/default.htm) | **Activator**, for Windows, "based partially on the Microsoft Internet Explorer controls for full compatibility with ActiveX, Java, SSL, and other internet protocols. It also performs free MaxMTU registry settings which may increase browsing and download speeds to double or quadruple faster speeds." (Recently it seems to have polysyllabified itself into "ActivatorDesk".) | | [Amaya](http://www.w3.org/Amaya/) | **Amaya**, "intended to be a comprehensive client environment for testing and evaluating new proposals for Web standards and formats. . . . The Amaya binary distribution is available for PC Linux, Sparc /Solaris, AIX, OSF/1, Windows (NT and 95). Users having other architectures are expected to compile the Amaya source code" (which is freely available too). Amaya works as an HTML editor as well as a browser. | | AOL Browser | **AOL Browser**, for the Mac and Windows. The timid person's nonthreatening way onto the web. Still, they're said to make great [server](http://www.aolserver.com/) software. | | [Arachne](http://home.arachne.cz/) | **Arachne**, for DOS and Linux. The Linux version is still in beta, but the DOS version is full-screen, graphical, and has support for frames, etc., and also comes with an email client. | | [AvantGo](http://avantgo.com/frontdoor/index.html) | **AvantGo**, for PalmOS or Windows CE. It's free. | | [AWeb](http://www.amitrix.com/aweb.html) | **AWeb**, for the Amiga. It has different HTML viewing modes, including one designed for viewing pages written so horribly that they'd crash other browsers. It has been kept up to date and indeed is bundled with Amiga OS 3.9 (released in 2001). | | [Barque](http://barque.sourceforge.net/) | **Barque**, for Gnome. Still in early development. | | [Beonex Communicator](http://www.beonex.com/communicator/) | **Beonex Communicator**, an open-source [Mozilla](#moz) derivative that's already available for Linux and Windows, and with one for Mac OS X in the works. | | [BeZilla](http://www.bezilla.org/) | **BeZilla**, [Mozilla](#moz) for BeOS and now for [Zeta](http://www.yellowtab.com/). | | [BrowseX](http://www.browsex.com/) | **BrowseX** (previously PDQ), a smallish, fast, open-source browser (compiled for Linux and Windows) with macro processor. | | [Camino](http://www.caminobrowser.org/) | **Camino**, a Gecko-based browser for Mac OS X. | | [Cheetah](http://cheetah.sourceforge.net/index.php) | **Cheetah**, "a project that has been started to create a fully functional, light-weight, bloat-free web browser for Linux (and other free unix clones) that is not dependant on KDE, GNOME or [Mozilla](#moz)." | | [Chimera](http://www.slac.stanford.edu/grp/cd/soft/chimera/chimera.html) | **Chimera**, for UNIX-based systems running the X window system. The author hopes it's "lean and mean and well house-trained". | | [Cineast](http://nestroy.wi-inf.uni-essen.de/wafe/Cineast/) | **Cineast**, compiled for Linux, AIX and Solaris; but you can compile it yourself for other flavors of UNIX as the source code is freely available. | | [Clue](http://www.netcluesoft.com/wbc/cluehome.html) | **Clue**, a Java component that supports CSS. | | [CyberDog](http://www.cyberdog.org/) | **Cyberdog**, for the Mac, based on OpenDoc, produced by Apple, abandoned by Apple but not by its users. | | [Dillo](http://www.dillo.org/) | **Dillo**, originating in [Armadillo](#armadillo), a small and fast GPL browser that's known to run under Linux. | | [DocZilla](http://www.doczilla.com/) | **DocZilla** (previously MultiDocZilla), for XML and SGML as well as HTML; first for Windows, later for other OSes. | | [Emacs/W3](http://www.gnu.org/software/w3/) | **Emacs/W3**, "a full-featured web browser, written entirely in Emacs-Lisp, that supports all the bells and whistles you will find in use on the web today, including frames, tables, stylesheets, and much more. Emacs/W3 runs on most major operating systems, including almost any flavor of Unix, Windows NT/95, AmigaDOS, OS/2, and VMS." | | [Epiphany](http://www.gnome.org/projects/epiphany/) | **Epiphany**, a Gecko-based browser for the Gnome desktop. | | [Espial Escape](http://www.espial.com/?view=p-escp_main) | **Espial Escape**, a versatile and compact Java browser. | | [Firebird](http://www.mozilla.com/firefox/) | Mozilla **Firebird** (previously Phoenix), the browser component, now available separately, of [Mozilla](#moz). | | [Fizzilla](http://www.mozilla.org/ports/fizzilla/) | **Fizzilla**, a MacMozilla based on CarbonLib. "Fizzilla made its public debut onstage at the MacOS X Session at Apple's WWDC '99. People liked it." | | [Fresco](http://www.antlimited.com/products/fresco.htm) | ANT **Fresco**, originally for the Acorn NetStation, now for embedding in all sorts of devices. | | [Galeon](http://galeon.sourceforge.net//) | **Galeon**, "a GNOME Web browser based on gecko (the mozilla rendering engine). It's fast, it has a light interface, and it is fully standards-compliant." | | [Grail](http://grail.sourceforge.net/) | **Grail**, "an extensible Internet browser written entirely in the interpreted object-oriented programming language Python. It runs on Unix, and, to some extent, on Windows and Macintosh. . . . In particular, Grail is one of the few web browsers that support Solaris for Intel x86 processors." | | [HotJava](http://java.sun.com/products/hotjava/3.0/) | **HotJava**: "A lightweight, highly customizable solution for OEMs and developers creating Web-enabled devices and applications. HotJava Browser's small footprint makes it an ideal, scalable solution for a variety of devices." | | [IBrowse](http://www.hisoft.co.uk) | **IBrowse**, for an Amiga with KS3.0 or later, and as little as 4MB memory. (Mmm, nice planet.) Certainly the best-named browser, and one that's kept up to date as well. | | [iCab](http://www.icab.de/) | **iCab**, "das Internet-Taxi für den Mac", a compact browser needing only 4MB of RAM. | | [Internet Explorer](http://www.microsoft.com/windows/Ie/default.htm) | **Internet Explorer**: [Spyglass Mosaic](#spymoz) Plus for Windows, Mac OS, and Solaris and HP flavors of UNIX. Microsoft's decision to give this program away was undoubtably the greatest act of unalloyed altruism of the twentieth century. Now, all the company needs do is give away the "Windows 2000" (NT 5) source code. | | [Jazilla](http://jazilla.sourceforge.net/) | **Jazilla**, which will be a [Mozilla](#moz)-based browser in pure Java. | | [Ka Ho'okele](http://www.olelo.hawaii.edu/eng/resources/kahookele/) | "Ua ho'oku'u 'ia **Ka Ho'olele**!" It's Navigator for the Mac, in Hawaiian. | | [K-Meleon](http://kmeleon.sourceforge.net/) | **K-Meleon**, which "may be considered the unbloated [Mozilla](#moz) for Windows;" it's released under the GPL. (Button by Giacomo Zucchi.) | | [Konqueror](http://www.konqueror.org/) | **Konqueror**, "the successor of kfm, the file manager and web browser in KDE 1.x", i.e. the K Desktop Environment, a free, open-source GUI for UNIX that has excellent support for CSS. | | [Line Mode Browser](http://www.w3.org/LineMode/) | The Libwww **Line Mode Browser**, a text-only web browser for terminals. | | [LunaSuite](http://lunasuite.lunatech.com/) | **LunaSuite**, "a set of modular Internet utilities for Newton technologies with the Newton 2.1 Operating System." You get frames, tables, etc. | | [Lynx](http://lynx.browser.org/) | **Lynx**, "a text browser for the World Wide Web. Lynx 2.8.1 runs on VMS, Un\*x, Windows 95/98 and NT but not 3.1 or 3.11, and on DOS (on a 386 or higher) via DJGPP. . . Ports to OS/2 and Mac are in beta test." And earlier versions run on other OSes as well. (For the full story of the graphic, see "[Lynx Friendly](http://www.cs.umanitoba.ca/~djc/personal/lynxfriend.html)".) | | [MacLynx](http://www.lirmm.fr/~gutkneco/maclynx/) | **MacLynx**, a text-only browser that "should work on black and white Macs, and still support extended HTML features like frames, forms, cookies and proxies. . . . [B]ear in mind this is a beta release, and the user interface is not very Mac-like, yet." | | [MacWeb](http://helpdesk.uvic.ca/how-to/support/mac/macweb.html) | **MacWeb**, a compact browser suitable for old Macs. | | [MacWWW](ftp://ftp.tisl.ukans.edu/pub/projects/UNITE/Mac/MacWWW/) | **MacWWW**, aka Samba, the original browser for the Mac. This is version 1.00. "We know there is much to be improved, but it works well on system 7 and system 6.0.5", wrote Robert Cailliau and Nicola Pellow of CERN on 12 May 1993. | | [Minuet](http://enterprise.completeis.com/~cdh/minuet.html) | **Minuet**, which "will run on (virtually) any IBM compatible machine. It fits in 640K memory and can run in CGA mode, and can run on an 8088 class machine. It is now also capable to run in graphics mode." | | [MMM](http://pauillac.inria.fr/~rouaix/mmm/) | **MMM**, "a WWW browser implemented in Objective Caml using its CamlTk41 interface to Tcl/Tk." It runs on "most Unix/X11 platforms". | | [Mosaic](http://archive.ncsa.uiuc.edu/SDG/Software/Mosaic/NCSAMosaicHome.html) | NCSA **Mosaic**, for Windows, Mac OS, and UNIX with X Windows. (It has also been ported elsewhere.) The basis of Mosaic Netscape (aka Netscape [Navigator](#nav)) and [Spyglass Mosaic](#spymoz) (and thence MS Internet Explorer), as well as many other browsers. | | [Mozilla](http://www.mozilla.org/) | **Mozilla**, the next generation Navigator (Communicator), from Mozilla.org. Runs on UNIX/Linux, Win9x/NT, Mac OS, and has been compiled for other OSes as well. The browser part of Mozilla is called Mozilla Firebird. | | [MultiWeb](http://www.mis.deakin.edu.au/multiweb/mwindex.htm) | **MultiWeb**, a browser for people with disabilities using Windows 3 and above. | | [Netscape](http://wp.netscape.com/browsers/index.html) | Netscape **Navigator** (or **Communicator**), for Windows, OS/2, Mac OS, and numerous flavors of UNIX. (Yup, the program derives from [Mosaic](#mos), and this is the original Mosaic Netscape icon, from Mosaic Communications Corp. Oh, you wanted a [Now!](../now/index.html) button?) To download older, pre-bloat versions of Navigator, and for other Netscape goodies, visit Antony Shen's [Netscape Browser Archive](http://sillydog.org/narchive/). | | [Netcomber](ftp://hobbes.nmsu.edu/pub/os2/apps/internet/www/browser/) | **Netcomber**, for OS/2. Abandoned by IBM, but still available from this ftp site. | | [Netcomber](http://www.netomat.net/) | **netomat**, for the Mac, Windows, Linux, etc., invites you to have a dialogue with the web. What you experience, free of the constraints of the original pages, "has the feel of an anti-browser". | | [Netsurfer](http://www.netsurfer.com/) | **Netsurfer Control Panel**, for Win9x and NT4. It "gives subscribers easy management and control of their Internet account with a look and feel similar to an 'online' access service. The overall result is increased customer satisfaction and higher profits." | | [Net-Tamer](http://www.nettamer.net/tamer.html) | **Net-Tamer**, a shareware program for DOS that includes a dialer, offline mail and news reader, and ftp client as well as the web browser. It requires 640K RAM, modem, and a floppy drive (720K or better) to run. There are three versions, one for computers up to 286, another for 386 or better, and a third for palmtops. | | [Newt's Cape](http://www.unna.org/unna/internet/web-browsers/NewtScape/) | **Newt's Cape**, which "creates Newton books with text, graphics, hypertext links, tables and embedded forms from HTML (HyperText Markup Language) documents in your Notepad, Inbox, other applications, over a serial connection, or internet (Newton OS (NOS) >=2.0; Newton Internet Enabler (NIE) >=1.1). So, you can use Newt's Cape as a book creation tool and/or web browser." | | [Off By One](http://www.offbyone.com/) | **Off By One**, for Windows 95 and above, which "may be the world's smallest and fastest web browser with full HTML 3.2 support. It is a completely self-contained, stand-alone 1.1MB application with no dependencies on any other browser or browser component. . . . It's free, of course." | | [Omniweb](http://www.omnigroup.com/applications/omniweb/) | **Omniweb**, for NextStep, OpenStep, and Mac OS X. Description of an earlier version: "OmniWeb is designed to help you get information from the web quickly. We haven't thrown in a lot of other cruft that just complicates your life and slows things down. Unlike other browser companies, we don't think the web should be like TV, where you tune in to channels and passively watch whatever the powers-that-be decide you should watch." Well said. The new Omniweb has the same rendering engine that's used in [Safari](#safari). | | [1X](http://www.scitrav.com/1X/) | **1X**, for Win9x/NT, offering ActiveX but yet managing to fit on a single diskette. "Support for animated GIFs -- now you won't have to miss the endless adverts on web site banners." | | [Opera](http://www.opera.com/) | **Opera** -- now, depending on the OS, up to version 7 -- a lean, no-nonsense browser for various flavors of Windows, for BeOS, FreeBSD, Linux/X11, Mac OS, OS/2, QNX, Solaris, and Symbian OS. | | [Palmscape](http://www.ilinx.co.jp/en/) | **Palmscape**, a Japanese- or English-interface browser for PalmOS 3.0 or above, supporting tables, frames, forms and channels. | | [ReqWireless WebViewer](http://www.reqwireless.com/webviewer.html) | **Reqwireless WebViewer**, a capable 49kB HTML web browser for Java mobile (J2ME) devices, including support for HTML, forms, and most image formats. | | [Safari](http://www.apple.com/safari/) | **Safari**, a browser based on [Konqueror](#konq) that's designed for fast work under Mac OS X. | | [UdiWWW](http://physics.hallym.ac.kr/resource/udiwww/index.htm) | **UdiWWW**, "a HTML3 compliant WorldWideWeb (WWW) Browser for Windows NT/95 or Windows 3.1". | | ViewML | **ViewML**, a compact browser for embedded Linux systems. | | [Voyager](http://www.vapor.com/voyager/) | **Voyager**, for the Amiga. "Welcome to the brand new Vaporware website!" -- but it's real and it works. | | [WannaBe](http://mindstory.com/wb2/) | **WannaBe**, "a limited text-only web browser for PowerPC or 68k MacOS computers" in the modest words of its author, David T. Pierson. It's reputed to be fast. | | [WebBoy](http://www-6.ibm.com/jp/pspjinfo/webboy/index.html) | **WebBoy**, a browser and email client for DOS/V (a Japanese/English-language flavor of MS-DOS that runs on a standard IBM clone). | | [Web Prowler](http://www.macrobyte.com/) | **Web Prowler**, for Windows, which "offers a professional, secure and user-friendly environment in which to 'surf'. Web Prowler 5.10 offers the highest security available in an internet browser. Any calls to 'Javascript' or 'ActiveX' are bypassed, and ignored, so that your computer is virtually hack-proof." (NB *any* decent browser either ignores or can be made to bypass Javascript and ActiveX.) | | [Web Stalker](http://bak.spc.org/iod/) | "I.O.D. 4: **The Web Stalker**, is a new, high protein way to use the World Wide Web. [It's a program for Mac OS or Windows] which takes the functions of a normal proprietary browser but strips it down to be rebuilt as something faster, dirtier and more predatory." And if that isn't enough, consider: "Technical Innovation = Class War." | | [Wen.Suite](http://oxo.systems.online.fr/wensuite.htm) | **Wen.Suite**, an internet package for the Atari including an HTML 3.2 compatible WWW browser. | | [WWW/LX](http://www.dasoft.com/WWW/wv2.htm) | **WWW/LX**, for the HP Palmtop. | | [Zen](http://www.nocrew.org/software/zen/) | **Zen**, an unusually modular browser, distributed under GPL, that has been compiled for Linux and Solaris. | ## Missing, feared dead (though they might be at [evolt](http://browsers.evolt.org/)) | | | | --- | --- | | Air Mosaic | **AIR Mosaic**, for Windows, Spry Corp's commercial improvement to [NCSA Mosaic](#mos). | | AMosaic | **AMosaic**, "the most widely known graphical browser for Amiga (at least for the moment). It's the program which will allow you to surf the Internet." | | aMozilla | **aMozillaX**, "the name of the project currently being undertaken in an attempt to bring the world's greatest web browser, Netscape Communicator, to our Amigas." | | ArcWeb | **ArcWeb**, for the Acorn RISC OS. Stewart Brodie, its author, writes "There's nothing particularly awe-inspiring that ArcWeb does except try to be a solid viewer for standard HTML and a few of the daft extensions that people keep inventing. . . ." He stopped working on it in '98. Pity. There's an article by him about it [here](http://www.accu.org/acornsig/public/caugers/volume2/issue3/arcweb.html). | | Arena | **Arena** from Yggdrasil, "a graphical web browser comprised entirely of free software. . . . It is the source of a number of innovations which have since been copied by other web browsers, such as HTML tables and style sheets. . . . [and is being turned into] a full-featured free alternative to proprietary browsers. . . . Arena runs on Linux and Linux-like systems such as UNIX(R) that include the X window system. . . . You are welcome to port Arena to other platforms." "Hey, that graphic's not for Arena, it's for [W3C](http://www.w3.org/)." "Nope, it's not a 'W', it's 'YY'." | | Ariadna | **Ariadna**, for Windows 9x and NT4. This has an English-Russian dictionary and is designed for Russian-language browsing -- as well of course as other-language browsing. (To restate the obvious, *this* page isn't best viewed with Ariadne, or anything else.) | | Armadillo | **Armadillo**, previously Gzilla, "an open source, Gtk+-based web browser, written completely from scratch in C. It aims to be fast, efficient, highly extensible and fully standards-compliant." It lives on in [Dillo](#dillo). | | Browse-it | **Browse-it**, a server/client combination letting PalmOS devices surf the web. | | CAB | **CAB**, for the Atari ST. | | Cello | **Cello**, for Windows running on a 386SX or above. | | Charlotte | **Charlotte**, for VM/CMS. (Apparently at [**gopher**://p370.bcsc.gov.bc.ca/11/vmtools](gopher://p370.bcsc.gov.bc.ca/11/vmtools). | | eWorld | **Chameleon WebSurfer**, made by Netmanage for the Mac. | | embedix UI | **embedix UI**, "a customizable, Linux-based HTML Web browser for mid-range to high-end embedded devices." | | embrowser | Lineo **Embrowser**, "a customizable, high-performance Web browser for Internet set-top boxes, interactive information kiosks, network computers, and hand-held devices" running DR-DOS. It was previously called DR-WebSpyder and was based on [Arachne](#arachne). Lineo then seemed to switch to [embedix UI](#embedix). | | Emissary | **Emissary**, for Windows, from the Wollongong Group (now part of Attachmate, it seems). | | eWorld | Apple's **eWorld**, made specially for a service that's now defunct. | | IAT demo | The QNX **IAT demo disk**, a bootable diskette complete with TCP/IP software and the QNX Voyager browser, letting you browse the web even when your hard disk is kaput. (Choose between modem and LAN connection, and among English, Russian, and Japanese.) | | I-Squire | **I-Squire**, for Windows and OS/2. It's "the Internet communications engine for Galahad", which is for BIX. | | JoZilla | **JoZilla**, a "100% Java Open Source Code Internet Tool . . . Don't be a dinosaur, go mammalian! Join the JoZilla team today!" | | the Light of Adamas | The **Light of Adamas**, the browser component of the Draconis internet package, which will run on any Atari computer with at least 1MB of RAM. The Light of Adamas handles HTML 3.2 (4.0 is in the works), frames, and JavaScript. | | Lite | **Lite**, a compact browser for the Japanese edition of Windows 95, etc. | | Lynx/2 | **Lynx/2**, "the other Web Browser for OS/2". It's "a port of the text-based Lynx browser from UNIX . . . [and] may have new and interesting bugs. . . ." | | NetPositive | **NetPositive**, which is part of BeOS. On 1 November 2000, the relevant page (now dead) of Be's said "Installing NetPositive 2.0.2 is very simple. You just need to download the NetPositive package . . ." and "No versions are currently available for purchase or download." Tyler Riti, who made this button, says "you are required to include the following somewhere on your page: 'Be is a registered trademark, BeOS is a trademark and Be icons are copyright of Be, Incorporated and are used with their permission.'" So I've just included it. (NB this page is of course *not* optimized for NetPositive or anything else.) | | Netshark | **NetShark** for the Mac, from Intercon (now Ascend). | | Pathworks Mosaic | **Pathworks Mosaic** for Windows, from Digital Equipment Corp. Last heard of in 1994, but [this page](http://gatekeeper.dec.com/pub/net/infosys/pw/pw-new.html) may yet announce an update. (See a Linux/Wine screenshot of it [here](http://toastytech.com/guis/winepwmosaic1.png).) | | Procomm | **Procomm Plus web browser** for Windows, from Datastorm -- since gobbled up by [Symantec](http://www.symantec.com/procomm/index.html), which seems to have dumped the internet-related components. (See a Linux/Wine screenshot of it [here](http://toastytech.com/guis/wineprocomm1.png).) | | ProxiWeb | **ProxiWeb**, which "empowers Palm Pilot and Windows CE Palm-sized PC users with fast, online graphical web access -- all in the palm of their hand." | | SlipKnot | **SlipKnot**, "a Windows-based graphical WWW browser which does NOT require SLIP or PPP or TCP/IP. Designed for users of UNIX dial-up or direct connect shell accounts, SlipKnot has a number of features included specifically for serial communications users." ([Here](http://www.ari.net/moon/slipknot.html)'s a fuller description.) | | Spiderwoman | **SpiderWoman**, for Nextstep, "with some unique features" such as Socks security. | | Spry Mosaic | **Spry Mosaic**, for Windows and the Mac. (Hmm, I don't know how this was related to Air Mosaic.) | | Spyglass Mosaic | **Spyglass Mosaic**, for Mac and Windows, which later became [Internet Explorer](#msie), as well as Spyglass Device Mosaic. | | StarOffice | **StarOffice** is an MS Office-inspired do-everything package for Solaris, Windows 9x/NT, Linux (x86 only), OS/2, and Java. It used to have a browser component, but no longer has one. | | Tango | **Tango**: "Under any version of Windows, Tango can single-handedly display Web pages authored in any of over 90 languages", thanks in part to Unicode. A product of [Alis Technologies](http://www.alis.com/), whose main page now plugs Netscape. | | Mac Tiber Win Tiber | VOL **Tiber**, for Mac OS or Windows. There is or was an Arabic Windows version, too. "UNIX versions are under development", said the web page ("© 1995"). | | WebExplorer | **WebExplorer**, for OS/2. | | WebNav | **WebNav**, for OS/2: "a web browser built to be compact and easy to use". | | Wingman | Top Gun **Wingman**, a graphical WWW browser for the Palm Pilot. | | Winweb | **Winweb**, in its day a fast and stable browser for Windows. | It seems half the world wants to put across some simplistic message about browsers -- "Optimized for X", "Best viewed with Y", "Requires version Z or above of X or Y", "X sucks", etc. What do they think we are -- retards? And would you believe that, in October 1999, 73% of [American companies surveyed](http://web.archive.org/web/20010825121315/http://www.zonaresearch.com/info/press/99-nov08.htm) had a "Corporate Browser Policy"? Doesn't Corpulent America have anything better to do than legislate which software should be installed on its drones' computers? Corpulent stupidity, if you ask me. My one cent's worth: There are lots of browsers around. Many are very good, and some are better than others. Nothing worth losing sleep over, unless you're actually programming one of them -- and if you are, I wish you all the best. Disappointed that I don't have your favorite (or least favorite) browser? Here are more names and URLs: [ALynx](http://www.mpimg-berlin-dahlem.mpg.de/~alynx/), [Arena i18n](http://www.wg.omron.co.jp/~shin/Arena-CJK-doc/), [Avanti](http://www.ercim.org/publication/Ercim_News/enw31/stephanidis.html), [Bobcat](http://www.fdisk.com/doslynx/bobcat.htm), [BrailleSURF](http://www.snv.jussieu.fr/inova/bs4/uk/index.htm), [BrookesTalk](http://www.brookes.ac.uk/schools/cms/research/speech/btalk.htm), [Browse](http://www.octosys.co.uk/brows.html), [Charon](http://www.vitanuova.com/inferno/man/1/charon.html), [Closure](http://www.uni-karlsruhe.de/~unk6/closure/), the [Contiki Web Browser](http://www.dunkels.com/adam/contiki/apps/webbrowser.html), [DOSzilla](http://www.cc.jyu.fi/~jvkujala/raportti/node8.html), [DPWeb](http://www.digitalpaths.com/prodserv/dpwebclient.htm), [EnterWEB](http://www.macro4.com/connectivity/enterweb/index.html), [ESEWWW](http://www.pc88.gr.jp/~teen/), [Express](http://www.vergenet.net/~conrad/express/), [Go.Web](http://www.goamerica.net/goweb/), [IBM Web Browser](http://www-3.ibm.com/software/os/warp/browser/), [ICE Browser](http://www.icesoft.no/ps_browser_overview.html), [Internet Adventurer](http://www.inetadv.net/), [iPhone](http://www.cisco.com/go/iphone/), [JustView](http://www3.justnet.ne.jp/~kasahara/Index.html), [Kylie](http://siag.nu/kylie/), [Links](http://artax.karlin.mff.cuni.cz/~mikulas/links/), [Lotus Notes](http://www.lotus.com/home.nsf/tabs/lotusnotes), [MidasWWW](http://www-midas.slac.stanford.edu/midas_latest/introduction.html), [mMosaic](http://perso.enst.fr/~dauphin/mMosaic/), [Mnemonic gtkBrowser](http://www.mnemonic.org//mnemonic/documentation/doc/www/index.html), [NetFront](http://www.access.co.jp/product/develop/demo.html), [NEWSie](http://user.tninet.se/~gcc561r/newsie/english.html), Smoke Zone [Phoenix Pro](http://www.geocities.com/~smokezone/index2.html), [Planetweb](http://www.planetweb.com/), [pwWebSpeak](http://www.soundlinks.com/pwgen.htm), [Pyleon](http://pyleon.sourceforge.net/), [Q.BATi](http://qbati2.sourceforge.net/), [QtMozilla](http://www.trolltech.com/qtmozilla/), [QWeb](http://sunsite.dk/qweb/), [Rozilla](http://www.wellytop.com/Rozilla/), squeak [scamper](http://minnow.cc.gatech.edu/squeak/14), [SkipStone](http://www.muhri.net/skipstone/), NewDeal WebSuite [Skipper Pro](http://www.newdealinc.com/), [SPIN](http://www.spin.saturnus.nl/engels/), [Termite](http://www.doggysoft.co.uk/trweb.html), [TkWWW](http://mist.npl.washington.edu/TkWWW/), QNX [Voyager](http://www.qnx.com/products/photon/internet.html), [w3m](http://ei5nazha.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp/~aito/w3m/eng/), [Warpzilla](http://www.mozilla.org/ports/os2/), [Wbrowser](http://www.westernvillage.co.jp/fsdownloads_wbrowser.htm), . But I don't have compact graphics for them. Supply me with a nifty little graphic for one of these, or for another browser, and I'll add it to the illustrated list above. Numerous other software packages described as browsers -- Enigma, FreeWebBrowser, Jueti, NeoPlanet, Nitro, etc. -- require Internet Explorer, or occasionally Navigator. They seem not so much browsers as interfaces. If I realize that a "browser" falls into this category, I don't bother to list it. But if any have slipped in, [let me know](../mailme.html). I've been a bit more lenient toward the various 'zillas as they are open-source and therefore a Good Thing. But be careful: yes there is a "MacZilla", but no it's not a browser; meanwhile, "Go!zilla" and "ZipZilla" aren't browsers but are spyware. Some other good stuff: [![any browser campaign](augen.gif)](http://www.anybrowser.org/campaign/) [![evolt browser archive](evolt.gif)](http://browsers.evolt.org/) [![Web Design Group](wdg.gif)](http://www.htmlhelp.com/) ![](wsp.gif) [![IPDG](ipdg.gif "The OFFICIAL Avant Garde")](http://www.ipdg.org/) --- See also Graham Nasby's stupendously big [List of Web Browsers](http://www.browserlist.browser.org/) for every operating system anyone would want to use (he has actually amassed useful information about this stuff, and I first learned of the existence of some browsers from his page), Darrel E. Knutson's informative and elegant [Macintosh Web Browsers, Present and Past](http://darrel.knutson.com/mac/www/browsers.html), Graeme Cross's list of [web browsers for Linux](http://www.maths.leeds.ac.uk/~read/browsers.html), the elegiac yet optimistic page [TBOBL Amiga Browsers](http://www.vgr.com/browser/), Daniel Tobias' ["Brand-X" Browsers: Beyond the Big Two](http://webtips.dantobias.com/brand-x/) (a very informative page), and evolt's [Browser Archive](http://browsers.evolt.org/) -- where you'll find the actual software (particularly useful for orphaned browsers). If you're historically minded, try Eugene Kim's [Windows World Wide Web Browsers Review](http://hcs.harvard.edu/~hcr/94dec/webrev.html) (December 1994), as well as Chuck Lau's [Origin of a browser: Netscape time capsule](http://www.hnehosting.com/mirrors/Origin_of_a_Browser/). You have some strong opinions on *Internet Explorer* or *Navigator*? Whether they're for or against, tell somebody else, not me! If you're looking for venom, see Nathan Lineback's [IE 4 is evil, and so is IE 5](http://toastytech.com/evil/index.html), and the understandably anonymous [Reasons why Netscape sucks](http://www.belch.com/netscrap.htm). However, if you have any other ideas, suggestions, or corrections for this page, please [email me](../mailme.html), or, even better, note it in my (classy, Swiss) [guestbook](http://www.vestris.com/db-cgi/thorp/guest?EvansGuest+EvansGuestHTML). (Thanks already to Denise Butler, [Stephen Carter](http://www2.gol.com/users/hticn/), [Lloyd Colston](http://www.Lloyd.Colston.com/), [Mel Evans](http://www.arachne4dos.freeserve.co.uk/), Simon Goodwin, Jens Heitmann, Olav Hennings, [Darin McGrew](http://www.rahul.net/mcgrew/), [Graham Nasby](http://www.uoguelph.ca/~gnasby/), Christopher Reid Palmer, QingLong, [Liam Quinn](http://www.htmlhelp.com/~liam/), David Edward Ratti, [Antony Shen](http://sillydog.org/aboutme.html), Roger Skubowius -- and particularly Joshua Holman, for sending me news of browser after browser; [Darrel E. Knutson](http://darrel.knutson.com/), for letting me swipe his collection of icons of funky old Mac browsers; and [Nathan Lineback](http://toastytech.com/about/index.html), for not only telling me of but also digging up graphics for Pathworks Mosaic and Procomm web browser.) Now take a look at Jutta Degener's [Hypercybersupercalifragilisticexpialidocious!](http://kbs.cs.tu-berlin.de/~jutta/ht/hypercyber.html) and specifically its very bottom line. [![praise for this page at Computer Currents](as.gif "\"The best of the Web\", no kidding; or anyway number 20 out of 21!")](http://www.computeruser.com/magazine/national/1717/covr101717.html) [![praise for this page at Planet Weekly](piweekly.gif "Crasht uw Netscape Communicator omdat u slechts 64 Mb geheugen hebt? Of wilt u af van Microsofts monopolistische Internet Explorer? Er is hoop.")](http://web.planet.nl/planetweekly/1999/week45.shtml) ![Not optimized](opt.jpg "Got a dopy \"Optimized for [brand X]\" button on your page? Show the world you're a post-dogmatist -- pull it off and instead use this button or the one on the right. (You can even link here if you like.)") ![Pretty much OK](ok.jpg "Got a dopy \"Optimized for [brand X]\" button on your page? Show the world you're a post-dogmatist -- pull it off and instead use this button or the one on the left. (You can even link here if you like.)") [!["Now!" buttons](../now/now.jpg "\"Now\" buttons")](../now/index.html) [![home](../img/hape9947.gif "My humble home")](../index.html) First sellotaped together (by Peter Evans): 10 February 1999. Last fiddled with: 7 September 2003. Praise [Xenu](http://home.snafu.de/tilman/xenulink.html)! [![Valid CSS!](../img/vcss.gif)](http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/) [![Level A conformance icon, W3C-WAI Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0](../img/wcag1a.gif "Explanation of Level A Conformance")](http://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG1A-Conformance) [![Valid XHTML 1.0!](../img/vxhtml10.gif "Press for quality check!")](http://validator.w3.org/check/referer)

http://hoary.org/browse/index.html

<html> <head> <title>CGW Museum - Home</title> <meta name='keywords' value='Computer Gaming World, CGW' /> <meta name='description' value='CGW Museum Home Page' /> <script language='JavaScript' src='https://www.cgwmuseum.org/include/js/general.js'> </script> <script language='JavaScript'> preload('https://www.cgwmuseum.org/include/images/_home.gif'); preload('https://www.cgwmuseum.org/include/images/_news.gif'); preload('https://www.cgwmuseum.org/include/images/_galleries.gif'); preload('https://www.cgwmuseum.org/include/images/_columns.gif'); preload('https://www.cgwmuseum.org/include/images/_links.gif'); preload('https://www.cgwmuseum.org/include/images/_about.gif'); </script> <link rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' href='https://www.cgwmuseum.org/include/css/main.css' /> <script type="text/javascript"> var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-2840222-1']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); </script> </head> <body bgcolor="#3366CC" alink='#66ffff' vlink='#0000ff' link='#0000ff'> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width = '800' align="center"> <tr><td><table border='0' cellpadding='2' cellspacing='1'> <tr> <td><a href='https://www.cgwmuseum.org/index.php'><img name='home0' src='https://www.cgwmuseum.org/include/images/_home.gif' border='0' /></a></td> <td><a href='https://www.cgwmuseum.org/news/index.php?year=0' onmouseover='mover("news1");' onmouseout='mout();'><img name='news1' src='https://www.cgwmuseum.org/include/images/news.gif' border='0' /></a></td> <td><a href='https://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=0&pub=0&id=500' onmouseover='mover("galleries2");' onmouseout='mout();'><img name='galleries2' src='https://www.cgwmuseum.org/include/images/galleries.gif' border='0' /></a></td> <td><a href='https://www.cgwmuseum.org/columns/index.php?id=0' onmouseover='mover("columns3");' onmouseout='mout();'><img name='columns3' src='https://www.cgwmuseum.org/include/images/columns.gif' border='0' /></a></td> <td><a href='https://www.cgwmuseum.org/links/index.php' onmouseover='mover("links4");' onmouseout='mout();'><img name='links4' src='https://www.cgwmuseum.org/include/images/links.gif' border='0' /></a></td> <td><a href='https://www.cgwmuseum.org/about/index.php' onmouseover='mover("about5");' onmouseout='mout();'><img name='about5' src='https://www.cgwmuseum.org/include/images/about.gif' border='0' /></a></td> <td rowspan='3'><a href='https://www.cgwmuseum.org/index.php'><img src='https://www.cgwmuseum.org/include/images/logo.gif' border='0' /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan='6'><img src='https://www.cgwmuseum.org/include/images/separator.gif' border='0' /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan='6' align='center'><img src='https://www.cgwmuseum.org/include/images/url.gif' border='0' /></td> </tr> </table> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top">  <table border='0' cellpadding='2' cellspacing='10' width="100%"> <tr><td colspan="2">You climb the finely chiseled stone steps and swing open the heavy oaken door to the Museum. You take a few steps inside... Directly to your right, a bulletin board spells out the <a href="news/index.php?year=0">latest news</a>:</td></tr> <tr><td><center>Interested in a DVD of CGW issues? E-mail us at <a href=mailto:cgwmuseum@gmail.com>cgwmuseum@gmail.com</a><br /><br /> Want to contribute to the work of the Museum? Donate via PayPal to: <b>cgwmuseum@gmail.com</b></center></td> <td> <form action="https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="cmd" value="_donations"> <input type="hidden" name="business" value="cgwmuseum@gmail.com"> <input type="hidden" name="lc" value="CA"> <input type="hidden" name="item_name" value="CGW Museum"> <input type="hidden" name="currency_code" value="USD"> <input type="hidden" name="bn" value="PP-DonationsBF:btn_donateCC_LG.gif:NonHostedGuest"> <input type="image" src="https://www.paypal.com/en_US/i/btn/btn_donateCC_LG.gif" border="0" name="submit" alt="PayPal - The safer, easier way to pay online!"> <img alt="" border="0" src="https://www.paypal.com/en_US/i/scr/pixel.gif" width="1" height="1"> </form> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="5"> <tr> <td valign="top" rowspan="2" nowrap><b>6 June 2022 <td rowspan="2" width='10'></td> <td><b>Finding Deceit in the Chambers of Xenobia</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td class='grey'>This is not CGW news, but it might be an interesting read if you are in the vintage computer games and game collecting hobby. It's a story of fraud and forgery by a well-known member of the vintage computer game collecting community, and the evidence that led to identifying the counterfeit items sent during a trade in which I was directly involved. Read it here: <a href="https://cgwmuseum.org/columns/index.php?id=5">https://cgwmuseum.org/columns/index.php?id=5</a></td> </tr> <td valign="top" rowspan="2" nowrap><b>30 December 2021 <td rowspan="2" width='10'></td> <td><b>Annual update</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td class='grey'>Well, I've done my CGW Museum annual update for 2021! No new content, but I've upgraded some code, corrected a few errors, and most significantly made the "Galleries" pages a little more graphically pleasing and user friendly. When you click on a year, you will now see thumbnails of the year's issues, which you can click on to get to each issue's page. And from that page, you're now also able to download an issue by clicking on the issue cover.<br /> <br /> Happy New Year, and drop us (me) a note if you're reading this...</td> </tr> <td valign="top" rowspan="2" nowrap><b>29 December 2020 <td rowspan="2" width='10'></td> <td><b>GfW now available!</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td class='grey'>I've been meaning to do this for years, but I finally added the entire (short-lived) run of Games for Windows: The Official Magazine to the Museum. The 17 issues are now available in text searchable .PDF format. Happy holidays!<br /> <br /> On another note, we recently passed 1 million CGW Museum visitors since its opening. Cool!</td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="2">Up ahead, passages in all directions lead to dimly lit <a href="galleries/index.php?year=0&pub=0&id=500">galleries</a>. From where you stand, you can still distinguish the framed magazines that you think may hold some of the secrets of the early days of computer gaming. Something catches your eye, and you learn that online casinos started to rise from 1999 when 888 Casino launched one of the first online gambling platforms. In some places, however, for example <a href="https://www.onlinecasino-southafrica.co.za">online casinos in south africa</a>, are still rare. <p> A stack of freshly printed <a href="columns/index.php?id=0">newsletters</a> sits in a neat pile on a shelf to your left. You also notice a few older ones nearby, no doubt discarded by previous guests. Further down towards the entrance to the galleries, you can see, and hear, an animated group of visitors talking and bartering. <p> Closer to you, the attendant's booth is currently empty, but a hastily scribbled note stuck on the glass invites you to <a href="about/index.php">pick up a flyer</a> for more information regarding the Museum. One of the booklets discusses the state of computer hardware, and you pay close attention to <a href="https://www.beatthefish.com/americas-cardroom-review/">this exceptional bonus</a>. Directly next to the booth, a leather-bound <a href="links/index.php">guestbook</a> lies open on a low table. Giving it a quick glance, you already recognize some of the names. </td></tr> </table><p> <center><img border="0" src="images/banner.jpg" width="644" height="166"></center><p>  </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center"> <hr /> </td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="2" align="center"> <font color="#CCCCCC"><br /> Questions, comments or suggestions? Please <a href="mailto:cgwmuseum@gmail.com">send an e-mail</a> to the Museum<font color="#FFFFFF"></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><br /><b>1236400</b> visitors have set foot in the Museum since 17 Mar 2004<br /></td></tr> </table> </body> </html>

CGW Museum - Home preload('https://www.cgwmuseum.org/include/images/\_home.gif'); preload('https://www.cgwmuseum.org/include/images/\_news.gif'); preload('https://www.cgwmuseum.org/include/images/\_galleries.gif'); preload('https://www.cgwmuseum.org/include/images/\_columns.gif'); preload('https://www.cgwmuseum.org/include/images/\_links.gif'); preload('https://www.cgwmuseum.org/include/images/\_about.gif'); var \_gaq = \_gaq || []; \_gaq.push(['\_setAccount', 'UA-2840222-1']); \_gaq.push(['\_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); | | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | --- | | You climb the finely chiseled stone steps and swing open the heavy oaken door to the Museum. You take a few steps inside... Directly to your right, a bulletin board spells out the [latest news](news/index.php?year=0): | | Interested in a DVD of CGW issues? E-mail us at [cgwmuseum@gmail.com](mailto:cgwmuseum@gmail.com) Want to contribute to the work of the Museum? Donate via PayPal to: **cgwmuseum@gmail.com** | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | **6 June 2022 | **Finding Deceit in the Chambers of Xenobia** |** | | This is not CGW news, but it might be an interesting read if you are in the vintage computer games and game collecting hobby. It's a story of fraud and forgery by a well-known member of the vintage computer game collecting community, and the evidence that led to identifying the counterfeit items sent during a trade in which I was directly involved. Read it here: <https://cgwmuseum.org/columns/index.php?id=5> | **30 December 2021 | **Annual update** |** | | | Well, I've done my CGW Museum annual update for 2021! No new content, but I've upgraded some code, corrected a few errors, and most significantly made the "Galleries" pages a little more graphically pleasing and user friendly. When you click on a year, you will now see thumbnails of the year's issues, which you can click on to get to each issue's page. And from that page, you're now also able to download an issue by clicking on the issue cover. Happy New Year, and drop us (me) a note if you're reading this... | **29 December 2020 | **GfW now available!** |** | | | I've been meaning to do this for years, but I finally added the entire (short-lived) run of Games for Windows: The Official Magazine to the Museum. The 17 issues are now available in text searchable .PDF format. Happy holidays! On another note, we recently passed 1 million CGW Museum visitors since its opening. Cool! | | Up ahead, passages in all directions lead to dimly lit [galleries](galleries/index.php?year=0&pub=0&id=500). From where you stand, you can still distinguish the framed magazines that you think may hold some of the secrets of the early days of computer gaming. Something catches your eye, and you learn that online casinos started to rise from 1999 when 888 Casino launched one of the first online gambling platforms. In some places, however, for example [online casinos in south africa](https://www.onlinecasino-southafrica.co.za), are still rare. A stack of freshly printed [newsletters](columns/index.php?id=0) sits in a neat pile on a shelf to your left. You also notice a few older ones nearby, no doubt discarded by previous guests. Further down towards the entrance to the galleries, you can see, and hear, an animated group of visitors talking and bartering. Closer to you, the attendant's booth is currently empty, but a hastily scribbled note stuck on the glass invites you to [pick up a flyer](about/index.php) for more information regarding the Museum. One of the booklets discusses the state of computer hardware, and you pay close attention to [this exceptional bonus](https://www.beatthefish.com/americas-cardroom-review/). Directly next to the booth, a leather-bound [guestbook](links/index.php) lies open on a low table. Giving it a quick glance, you already recognize some of the names. | ![](images/banner.jpg) | --- | | Questions, comments or suggestions? Please [send an e-mail](mailto:cgwmuseum@gmail.com) to the Museum | | **1236400** visitors have set foot in the Museum since 17 Mar 2004 |

https://www.cgwmuseum.org/index.php

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http://www.kchanson.com/PHOTOS/photogal.html

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8"> <meta name="KEYWORDS" content="knots; links; mathematical knots; topology; knotplot; KnotPlot; mathematical art"> <meta name="description" content="The KnotPlot Site, a visual exploration of mathematical knots."> <link REL="SHORTCUT ICON" HREF="KnotPlotSite.ico"> <title>The KnotPlot Site</title> <style type="text/css"> body, td { margin: 30px; color: black; background: #FFFFFF; font-size: .8em; font-family: verdana, geneva, arial, sans-serif; } .centre { text-align: center; } .urgentsdf { display: none; } .urgent { width: 62%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; color: black; font-size: larger; font-weight: bold; line-height: 144%; background-color: #ff9; text-align: center; padding: 12pt; border: solid 1px; } .urgent strong { font-variant:inherit; } .kpdonate { color: black; background-color: #8fd4fb; text-align: center; width: 138px; float: right; margin: 10pt; padding: 10pt; border: solid 1px; } a:link { color: #0000bb; } a:visited { color: #333; } a:active { color: #FF0000; } a:hover { color: #cc0000; } .italic { font-style: italic; } </style> </head> <body> <center> <script> rand_picture = Math.floor (Math.random () * 36.999800); document.write ('<img src="KPSbanner/' + rand_picture + '.jpg" width="300" height="300" alt="[A Knot Picture]"><br>'); </script> <noscript> <img src="inlines/34.jpg" height="300" width="300" alt="[A Knot Picture]"> </noscript> <h1>The KnotPlot Site</h1> </center> <center><img src="inlines/BRchain0.gif" width="612" height="18" alt="a chain of circles"></center> <p><font size="+1"> <center>Welcome to the KnotPlot Site!</center> </font><br> Here you will find a collection of knots and links, viewed from a (mostly) mathematical perspective. Nearly all of the images here were created with KnotPlot, an elaborate program to visualize and manipulate <a href="knot-theory/">mathematical knots</a> in three and four dimensions. </p> <p class="urgent"> <strong> <a href="download">Download KnotPlot</a> for Windows, macOS and Linux </strong> </p> <center><img src="inlines/BRchain0.gif" width="612" height="18" alt="a chain of circles"></center> <p></p> <center> <table width="612"> <tbody> <tr> <td align="left"><img src="inlines/k2swish.gif" height="122" width="122" alt="decorative swish knot"> </td> <td> <center> <h2>Knot Pictures</h2> </center> </td> <td align="right"><img align="middle" src="inlines/k3swish.gif" height="122" width="122" alt="another decorative swish knot"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> Check out the <a href="knot-theory/">mathematical knots</a> (<font color="#006600"><b>M</b></font>) page as well to see more knot pictures. Or try some of the following examples to see some knots in a different light. The pages marked with <img src="inlines/new3.jpg" width="40" height="13" alt="a knot"> have been updated or created as of 8 December 2020.  <div class="kpdonate"> <p> Help keep the KnotPlot Project alive! Click on the button below to make a donation. </p> <form action="https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr" method="post" target="_top"> <input type="hidden" name="cmd" value="_s-xclick"> <input type="hidden" name="hosted_button_id" value="4QT8U3PVM3B4U"> <input type="image" src="https://www.paypalobjects.com/en_US/i/btn/btn_donateCC_LG.gif" border="0" name="submit" alt="PayPal - The safer, easier way to pay online!"> <img alt="" border="0" src="https://www.paypalobjects.com/en_US/i/scr/pixel.gif" width="1" height="1"> </form> <p> Use your credit card or PayPal account (PayPal account not needed). </p> </div> <h3> Various Picture Galleries </h3> <ul> <li> <a href="se/">Knots as radiating tubes</a> <font color="#006600"><b>M</b></font> </li> <li> <a href="sepicts">More knots as radiating tubes</a> </li> <li> Decorative knots: <a href="deco/">on white</a>,   <a href="deco/black/">on black</a>,   <a href="deco/goth/">goth</a>   </li> <li> <a href="various/AntoinesNecklace.html">Antoine's Necklace</a> (a fractal link) </li> <li> <a href="moire/">Moiré pictures</a> — not knot like, but still rendered with KnotPlot </li> <li> <a href="Ashley/">Ashley knots</a> </li> <li> <a href="work/NiftyKnots.html">Nifty Knots</a> with Fancy Lighting </li> <li> A <a href="zoo/">knot zoo</a> <img src="inlines/new3.jpg" width="40" height="13" alt="a knot"> (interactive 3D viewer with VR option) </li> <li> <a href="knot-theory/torus_xing.html">Torus knots and links</a>, arranged by crossing number </li> <li> <a href="comp-links/">Composite Links</a> </li> <li> <a href="brunnian/">Brunnian Links</a> <font color="#006600"><b>M</b></font> </li> <li> <a href="links/sphere.html">Linking Spheres</a> in three or more dimensions </li> <li> <a href="postscript/">PDF and PostScript examples</a> </li> <li> <a href="carpets/knot-carpets.html">Knot Carpets</a> </li> <li> 3D Stereoscopic Pictures (<a href="stereo/stereo1.html">page 1</a>, <a href="stereo/stereo2.html">page 2</a>, <a href="stereo/stereo3.html">page 3</a>, <a href="stereo/stereo4.html">page 4</a>, <a href="stereo/stereo5.html">page 5</a>, <a href="stereo/stereo6.html">page 6</a>) </li> <li> <a href="celtic/">Celtic Knots</a> </li> <li> <a href="hyper/">Hyperbolic knots</a> <img src="inlines/new3.jpg" width="40" height="13" alt="a knot"> (interactive 3D viewer with VR option) </li> <li> <a href="complex">Complex knots</a> </li>  <li> <a href="perko/">Perko pair knots</a> </li> <li> <a href="moebius/">Moebius strip knots</a> </li> <li> <a href="Coney/">Coney</a> </li> <li> <a href="ProjectAum">Project Aum</a> </li> <li> <a href="stick-numbers/">Stick numbers for minimal stick knots</a> (data and interactive 3D viewer) <img src="inlines/new3.jpg" width="40" height="13" alt="a knot"> </li> <li> Some excellent <a href="knot-theory/references.html">references</a> on knot theory. </li> <li> <a href="thesis/fav.html">Some favourite figures from my thesis</a> (PDF and PostScript) </li> <li> <a href="cat/ms-symm.html">Symmetric projections of minimal-stick knots</a> </li> <li> Links to <a href="various/OtherLinks.html">other peoples' knot sites.</a> </li>  </ul> <h3>Raytraced Examples</h3> <ul> <li> <a href="rayt/">Raytraced with POV-Ray</a> </li> <li> <a href="raytAA/">Raytraced with Alias Animator</a> </li> </ul> <h3>Other pages</h3> <ul> <li> <a href="various/ashley.html">Quote from Clifford Ashley</a> </li> <li> <a href="thesis/"><em>Interactive Topological Drawing</em></a>, my dissertation </li> <li> Short discussion on <a href="knot-theory/braids.html">braid theory</a> (incomplete).  </li> </ul> <h3>Pages with little or no interesting content</h3> <p> This section contains pages that are <em>badly</em> in need of updating! Or possibly deletion. </p> <ul> <li> <a href="various/sea-things.html">Knotted Sea Things</a> </li> <li><a href="various/various.html">Various Odd Knots</a>, Unknot <a href="work/unknot-flowers.html">Flowers</a> <font color="#006600"><b>M</b></font> </li> <li> <a href="dowker/dowker.html">Knot Diagrams from Dowker Codes</a> (better information is available in my <a href="thesis/">dissertation</a>) </li> <li> <a href="EquiLat/CubicLatticeKnots.html">Knots on the Cubic Lattice</a> </li> <li> <a href="hopf/hopf.html">Hopf Torus</a> <font color="#006600"><b>M</b></font> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <center><img src="inlines/BRchain0.gif" width="612" height="18" alt="a chain of circles"></center> <p></p> <center> <table width="612"> <tbody> <tr> <td align="left"><img align="middle" src="inlines/featab.gif" alt=" " width="164" height="82"></td> <td> <center> <h2>KnotPlot</h2> </center> </td> <td align="right"><img align="middle" src="inlines/featcd.gif" alt=" " width="164" height="82"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <h3>KnotPlot features</h3> <p> Knots can be loaded from a database of more than 3,000 knots and links or sketched by hand in three dimensions. Also, knots may be constructed via the Conway notation or using the tangle calculator. A number of special knot types (<a href="knot-theory/torus_xing.html">torus</a> knots, knot <a href="knot-theory/chains.html">chains</a>, <a href="knot-theory/lissajous.html">Lissajous</a> knots) may be created on the fly. Finally, new knots can be created from old knots by various tranformation tools. Using all these features allows the creation of quadrillions of different knots (and many more). </p> <h3> Downloading KnotPlot </h3> KnotPlot is an <a href="http://www.opengl.org">OpenGL</a> program that runs on most types of computers. Go to the <a href="download/">download site</a> for a copy. <a href="http://www.opengl.org"><img src="https://knotplot.com/OGL_sm.gif" alt="OpenGL logo" width="68" height="32" border="0" align="middle"></a> <h3>Related work</h3> Check out these links to see related work by other people. <p></p> <center><img src="inlines/BRchain0.gif" width="612" height="18" alt="a chain of circles"></center> <p></p> <center> <table width="612"> <tbody> <tr> <td align="left"><img align="middle" src="inlines/torus11.27.gif" alt="[Torus knot]" width="165" height="165"></td> <td> <h2> Author</h2> </td> <td align="right"><img align="middle" src="inlines/celt7.gif" alt="[Fancy knot]" width="165" height="165"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <a href="http://hypnagogic.net/rob">Robert Scharein,</a><em>< <script>document.write("rob");</script> <noscript>rob</noscript> @hypnagogic.net></em><br> If you have comments on these pages please feel free to email them to me. <p>KnotPlot was part of my <a href="thesis/thesis.html">PhD thesis</a> work in the <a href="http://www.cs.ubc.ca/nest/imager/imager.html">Imager</a> Computer Graphics Laboratory. The warmest appreciation goes to my supervisory committee <a href="http://www.cs.ubc.ca/%7eksbooth/">Dr. Kellogg S. Booth</a>, <a href="http://www.cs.ubc.ca/%7elittle/">Dr. Jim Little</a>, <a href="http://www.cs.princeton.edu/%7enjp/">Dr. Nicholas Pippenger</a> and <a href="http://www.math.ubc.ca/%7erolfsen/">Dr. Dale Rolfsen</a>. </p> <p> KnotPlot is provided by <a href="http://hypnagogic.net">Hypnagogic Software</a>. </p> <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> <p> A big thank you to <a href="http://www.math.ubc.ca/%7erolfsen/" target="_blank">Dale Rolfsen</a>, <a href="http://www.math.uiowa.edu/%7ejsimon/" target="_blank">Jonathan Simon</a>, and <a href="http://www.anselm.edu/academic/mathematics/" target="_blank">Greg Buck</a> for much inspiration and support, especially for getting me started on the KnotPlot project. </p> <p> Initial KnotPlot development was funded in part by the <a href="http://www.cs.ubc.ca/" target="_blank">Department of Computer Science</a> at the <a href="http://www.ubc.ca/" target="_blank">University of British Columbia</a> (UBC/CS), the <a href="http://www.cs.ubc.ca/nest/magic/" target="_blank">Media and Graphics Interdisciplinary Centre</a> (MAGIC), the <a href="http://www.pims.math.ca/" target="_blank">Pacific Institute for the Mathematical Sciences</a> (PIMS), and the <a href="http://www.cecm.sfu.ca" target="_blank">Centre for Experimental and Constructive Mathematics</a> (CECM). The hugest of hugs to PIMS, CECM, and UBC/CS for hosting the KnotPlot pages over all these years. </p>   <p><font size="2"></font></p> <center><font size="2"> <script>  </script></font> <p><font size="2">Copyright © 1998–2022 by <a href="https://hypnagogic.net/rob">Robert G. Scharein</a> <br /> Unauthorized hosting of copies of the KnotPlot Site, in whole or in part, on any web server for any purpose, is expressly forbidden. </font> </p> </center> <p></p> <center>  <br /> <img src="inlines/infinity.gif" width="68" height="68" alt="infinity symbol"> <p><font size="1"><a href="various/symbols.html">no symbols where none intended</a></font></p> </center> <br> <br> </body> </html>

The KnotPlot Site body, td { margin: 30px; color: black; background: #FFFFFF; font-size: .8em; font-family: verdana, geneva, arial, sans-serif; } .centre { text-align: center; } .urgentsdf { display: none; } .urgent { width: 62%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; color: black; font-size: larger; font-weight: bold; line-height: 144%; background-color: #ff9; text-align: center; padding: 12pt; border: solid 1px; } .urgent strong { font-variant:inherit; } .kpdonate { color: black; background-color: #8fd4fb; text-align: center; width: 138px; float: right; margin: 10pt; padding: 10pt; border: solid 1px; } a:link { color: #0000bb; } a:visited { color: #333; } a:active { color: #FF0000; } a:hover { color: #cc0000; } .italic { font-style: italic; } rand\_picture = Math.floor (Math.random () \* 36.999800); document.write ('<img src="KPSbanner/' + rand\_picture + '.jpg" width="300" height="300" alt="[A Knot Picture]"><br>'); ![[A Knot Picture]](inlines/34.jpg) # The KnotPlot Site ![a chain of circles](inlines/BRchain0.gif) Welcome to the KnotPlot Site! Here you will find a collection of knots and links, viewed from a (mostly) mathematical perspective. Nearly all of the images here were created with KnotPlot, an elaborate program to visualize and manipulate [mathematical knots](knot-theory/) in three and four dimensions. **[Download KnotPlot](download) for Windows, macOS and Linux** ![a chain of circles](inlines/BRchain0.gif) | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | decorative swish knot | Knot Pictures | another decorative swish knot | Check out the [mathematical knots](knot-theory/) (**M**) page as well to see more knot pictures. Or try some of the following examples to see some knots in a different light. The pages marked with ![a knot](inlines/new3.jpg) have been updated or created as of 8 December 2020. Help keep the KnotPlot Project alive! Click on the button below to make a donation. ![](https://www.paypalobjects.com/en_US/i/scr/pixel.gif) Use your credit card or PayPal account (PayPal account not needed). ### Various Picture Galleries * [Knots as radiating tubes](se/) **M** * [More knots as radiating tubes](sepicts) * Decorative knots: [on white](deco/), [on black](deco/black/), [goth](deco/goth/) * [Antoine's Necklace](various/AntoinesNecklace.html) (a fractal link) * [Moiré pictures](moire/) — not knot like, but still rendered with KnotPlot * [Ashley knots](Ashley/) * [Nifty Knots](work/NiftyKnots.html) with Fancy Lighting * A [knot zoo](zoo/) ![a knot](inlines/new3.jpg) (interactive 3D viewer with VR option) * [Torus knots and links](knot-theory/torus_xing.html), arranged by crossing number * [Composite Links](comp-links/) * [Brunnian Links](brunnian/) **M** * [Linking Spheres](links/sphere.html) in three or more dimensions * [PDF and PostScript examples](postscript/) * [Knot Carpets](carpets/knot-carpets.html) * 3D Stereoscopic Pictures ([page 1](stereo/stereo1.html), [page 2](stereo/stereo2.html), [page 3](stereo/stereo3.html), [page 4](stereo/stereo4.html), [page 5](stereo/stereo5.html), [page 6](stereo/stereo6.html)) * [Celtic Knots](celtic/) * [Hyperbolic knots](hyper/) ![a knot](inlines/new3.jpg) (interactive 3D viewer with VR option) * [Complex knots](complex) * [Perko pair knots](perko/) * [Moebius strip knots](moebius/) * [Coney](Coney/) * [Project Aum](ProjectAum) * [Stick numbers for minimal stick knots](stick-numbers/) (data and interactive 3D viewer) ![a knot](inlines/new3.jpg) * Some excellent [references](knot-theory/references.html) on knot theory. * [Some favourite figures from my thesis](thesis/fav.html) (PDF and PostScript) * [Symmetric projections of minimal-stick knots](cat/ms-symm.html) * Links to [other peoples' knot sites.](various/OtherLinks.html) ### Raytraced Examples * [Raytraced with POV-Ray](rayt/) * [Raytraced with Alias Animator](raytAA/) ### Other pages * [Quote from Clifford Ashley](various/ashley.html) * [*Interactive Topological Drawing*](thesis/), my dissertation * Short discussion on [braid theory](knot-theory/braids.html) (incomplete). ### Pages with little or no interesting content This section contains pages that are *badly* in need of updating! Or possibly deletion. * [Knotted Sea Things](various/sea-things.html) * [Various Odd Knots](various/various.html), Unknot [Flowers](work/unknot-flowers.html) **M** * [Knot Diagrams from Dowker Codes](dowker/dowker.html) (better information is available in my [dissertation](thesis/)) * [Knots on the Cubic Lattice](EquiLat/CubicLatticeKnots.html) * [Hopf Torus](hopf/hopf.html) **M** ![a chain of circles](inlines/BRchain0.gif) | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | | KnotPlot | | ### KnotPlot features Knots can be loaded from a database of more than 3,000 knots and links or sketched by hand in three dimensions. Also, knots may be constructed via the Conway notation or using the tangle calculator. A number of special knot types ([torus](knot-theory/torus_xing.html) knots, knot [chains](knot-theory/chains.html), [Lissajous](knot-theory/lissajous.html) knots) may be created on the fly. Finally, new knots can be created from old knots by various tranformation tools. Using all these features allows the creation of quadrillions of different knots (and many more). ### Downloading KnotPlot KnotPlot is an [OpenGL](http://www.opengl.org) program that runs on most types of computers. Go to the [download site](download/) for a copy. [![OpenGL logo](https://knotplot.com/OGL_sm.gif)](http://www.opengl.org) ### Related work Check out these links to see related work by other people. ![a chain of circles](inlines/BRchain0.gif) | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | [Torus knot] | Author | [Fancy knot] | [Robert Scharein,](http://hypnagogic.net/rob)*< document.write("rob"); rob @hypnagogic.net>* If you have comments on these pages please feel free to email them to me. KnotPlot was part of my [PhD thesis](thesis/thesis.html) work in the [Imager](http://www.cs.ubc.ca/nest/imager/imager.html) Computer Graphics Laboratory. The warmest appreciation goes to my supervisory committee [Dr. Kellogg S. Booth](http://www.cs.ubc.ca/%7eksbooth/), [Dr. Jim Little](http://www.cs.ubc.ca/%7elittle/), [Dr. Nicholas Pippenger](http://www.cs.princeton.edu/%7enjp/) and [Dr. Dale Rolfsen](http://www.math.ubc.ca/%7erolfsen/). KnotPlot is provided by [Hypnagogic Software](http://hypnagogic.net). ### Acknowledgements A big thank you to [Dale Rolfsen](http://www.math.ubc.ca/%7erolfsen/), [Jonathan Simon](http://www.math.uiowa.edu/%7ejsimon/), and [Greg Buck](http://www.anselm.edu/academic/mathematics/) for much inspiration and support, especially for getting me started on the KnotPlot project. Initial KnotPlot development was funded in part by the [Department of Computer Science](http://www.cs.ubc.ca/) at the [University of British Columbia](http://www.ubc.ca/) (UBC/CS), the [Media and Graphics Interdisciplinary Centre](http://www.cs.ubc.ca/nest/magic/) (MAGIC), the [Pacific Institute for the Mathematical Sciences](http://www.pims.math.ca/) (PIMS), and the [Centre for Experimental and Constructive Mathematics](http://www.cecm.sfu.ca) (CECM). The hugest of hugs to PIMS, CECM, and UBC/CS for hosting the KnotPlot pages over all these years.  Copyright © 1998–2022 by [Robert G. Scharein](https://hypnagogic.net/rob)

https://knotplot.com/

<HTML> <HEAD> <META NAME="TITLE" CONTENT="Suzette's Page"> <META NAME="DESCRIPTION" CONTENT="A page devoted to cows cows and more cows!! "> <META NAME="KEYWORDS" CONTENT="cows, southpark, cows, cows, cows, cows, cows"> <META NAME="OWNER" CONTENT="suzoola1@aol.com"> <META NAME="AUTHOR" CONTENT="Suzette Ortiz"> <META HTTP-EQUIV="EXPIRES" CONTENT="Mon, 31 Dec 2001 00:00:01 PST"> <META HTTP-EQUIV="CHARSET" CONTENT="ISO-8859-1"> <META HTTP-EQUIV="CONTENT-LANGUAGE" CONTENT="English"> <META HTTP-EQUIV="VW96.OBJECT TYPE" CONTENT="Document"> <META NAME="RATING" CONTENT="General"> <META NAME="ROBOTS" CONTENT="index,follow"> <META NAME="REVISIT-AFTER" CONTENT="4 weeks"> <SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JavaScript">  </SCRIPT> <TITLE> Suzette's Page </TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY onLoad="timerONE=window.setTimeout('scrollit_r2l(100)',500);" BACKGROUND="purpgls.gif" BGCOLOR="#000000" TEXT="#ffffff" LINK="#ffff00" VLINK="#00ccff"> <P> <center> <FONT SIZE=8 COLOR="WHITE">Suzette's Page</FONT>  <P> <HR> <P> <FONT SIZE=6><B>SPECIAL INTERESTS:<br> <A HREF="sp.htm">SouthPark Page!</A></B> </FONT> <P> <CENTER><IMG SRC="cowblocks.jpg"></CENTER> <P> <CENTER><IMG SRC="cowz.gif"></CENTER> <P> <CENTER><IMG SRC="cow.gif"><FONT SIZE=6><B> Cows!!! Cows!!! Cows!!! Cows!!! </B><IMG SRC="cow.gif"></FONT></CENTER> <P> <CENTER><bgsound src="moo.wav"><embed src="moo.wav" Autostart=FALSE Width=144 Height=56 Loop=0></CENTER> <P> <CENTER>Click above to MOO again!!</CENTER> <P> <FONT SIZE=5>In case you don't get the hint, I like cows! They're fun to look at, and somehow they just make me smile or laugh even after I've had a tough day. I like real and animated pictures of cows. In fact, check out <A HREF="http://www.accsyst.com/cow.html">The Amazing CowCam</A> and see if you're lucky enough to see some cows "realtime". </FONT> <P> <HR> <P> <table border=0> <td><A HREF="http://www.hotwired.com/animation/collection/edgar_beals/giant_cow/"><IMG SRC="giantcow.gif" BORDER=0></A></td> <td><FONT SIZE=5>You can also see the <A HREF="http://www.hotwired.com/animation/collection/edgar_beals/giant_cow/">Giant Cow</A>! This is an animation that might run slowly, but it is very funny! </FONT></td> </table> <P> <HR> <P> <FONT SIZE=5>Cow Humor: Here are a few Far Side cartoons I've found on the net. Check them out!! <A HREF="farcow1.gif">FarSide#1</A>, <A HREF="farcow2.gif">FarSide#2</A>, <A HREF="farcow3.gif">FarSide#3</A>, <A HREF="farcow4.gif">FarSide#4</A>, <A HREF="farcow5.gif">FarSide#5</A> , and <A HREF="far2.gif">FarSide#6</A>. <P> Here is a collection of <A HREF="http://www.cling.gu.se/~damien/Larson.html">other Far Side</A> cartoons.</FONT> <P> <FONT SIZE=5>Cow Car: Who would've thought?? See the <A HREF="cowcar.gif">cow car </A>every cow lover longs to have.</FONT> <P> <FONT SIZE=5><A HREF="http://www.siue.edu/~rbinnin/home/funny/cow.html">Cows in ASCII</A>: Some of these are really funny!! <P> A rather unusual <A HREF="http://www.nornet.on.ca/~jphrycak/cows/cowindex.html"> cow dialogue</A>!! <P> Check out <A HREF="cow.html">The Cow Pasture</A> for some of my other favorite cow pictures!! <P> And yet another page with <A HREF="cow2.html">More Cow Pictures</A>!! <P> Finally (at least for now) my last extra page with <A HREF="cow3.html">Even More Cow Pictures</A>!! <P> <HR> <CENTER><IMG SRC="redlite.gif">See the amazing 3D animated cow!!!<IMG SRC="redlite.gif"></CENTER></FONT> <P> <CENTER><IMG SRC="acow.gif"></CENTER> <P> <HR> <P> <FONT SIZE=6><B>SPORTS!!</B></FONT> <P> <CENTER><IMG SRC="cowgolf.gif"></CENTER> <P> <FONT SIZE=5>Cows are known to get their sports updates from <A HREF="http://espnet.sportszone.com/">ESPNET Sports Zone</A>. Not sure you'll find any cows here, unless it's the logo of your favorite team!! <P> <LEFT><IMG SRC="helmet.gif"></LEFT> Speaking of favorite teams, mine is the (what a surprise!) Dallas "Cow"boys!! Check 'em out at: <A HREF="http://www.nfl.com/cowboys/index.html">The NFL Cowboys Site</A>!! <P> <CENTER><IMG SRC="skicow.gif"></CENTER> <P> <HR> <P> <FONT SIZE=6><LEFT><B>COMPUTERS!!</FONT></B></LEFT> <P> <CENTER><IMG SRC="cowcomp.gif"></CENTER> <P><FONT SIZE=5>Cows like <A HREF="http://www.gateway.com/">Gateway 2000 Computers</A> because of the exceptional packaging used on their computers.</FONT> <P> <CENTER><IMG SRC="cowcube.gif"></CENTER> <P> <HR> <P>  <P> <CENTER><IMG SRC="artcow.gif"></CENTER> <P> <HR> <P> <CENTER><IMG SRC="cowz2.gif"></CENTER> <P> <CENTER><IMG SRC="cowbar.gif"> </CENTER> <P> <FONT SIZE=6><B>OTHER INTERESTS:</B></FONT> <P> <CENTER>Internet Relay Chat !!!</CENTER> <P> <FONT SIZE = 5>If you haven't heard about IRC (Internet Relay Chat), or if you have been putting off finding out about it, STOP RIGHT HERE and CHECK IT OUT!!! It is really neat, and not that hard to get started in it. Here's all you need to do: <P> 1. Get unlimited internet access (flat rate plan) from your local Internet Service Provider (ISP) -- you'll need it once you get hooked! <P> 2. Get an IRC client to run on your PC. There are several out there, but I HIGHLY RECOMMEND Pirch. Click on the below "PIRCH" graphic to go to the Pirch home page. From here you can download Pirch and find out even more about IRC. (Macintosh users, I've got you covered, too!! I recommend you use <A HREF="http://www.amug.org/~ircle/">Ircle</A> as your IRC client!!) <P> <CENTER><A HREF="http://www.pirchat.com/"><IMG SRC="pirch.gif" BORDER=0></A></CENTER> <P> 3. Install Pirch (or Ircle for Macs), and start IRC-ing!! <P> 4. <LEFT><A HREF="http://www.mirc.co.uk/index.html"><IMG SRC="mirc.gif" BORDER=0></A></LEFT> is another irc client for PC users, and there is a lot of useful irc information at this site. <P> 5. If you want to catch me in IRC, I am usually on the Australian Undernet server (au.undernet.org) in the #family or #clean-chat channels. My "nickname" is Suzoola. Come chat with us!! See you in IRC!!! <P> <CENTER><embed src="blinded.mid" Autostart=FALSE Width=200 Height=55 Loop=0></CENTER> <CENTER><FONT SIZE = 3>You will hear me playing this tune a lot in irc!!</CENTER></FONT> <P> <HR> <P> <IMG SRC="yr_icon.gif"><FONT SIZE=5> I am a fan of The Young and the Restless! I get my updates from the <A HREF="http://members.xoom.com/DebInGuelph/update.html" target="_parent">Y&R Page</A>. Another <A HREF="http://www.young-restless.com/spoiler.html" target="_parent">Y&R site is here</A> !! Or you can check out these <A HREF="http://marketing.cbs.com/daytime/yr/clarence/" target="_parent"> Clarence Updates</A> !! </FONT> <P> <IMG SRC="star-right-red.gif"><FONT SIZE=5>You can check out my favorite <A HREF="http://www.west-point.org/users/usma1982/39622/">Wolf's</A> home page!!</FONT> <P> <IMG SRC="star-right-red.gif"><FONT SIZE=5>And here is the home page of one of my daughters -- <A HREF="http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Estates/7725">Lisa's Page</A> !!</FONT> <P> <IMG SRC="pepe.gif"><FONT SIZE=5> There's just something about Pepe Le'pew that makes him my favorite cartoon character!! Check out these great <A HREF="http://www.facethemusic.org/fantasy/kids/pepe1.html">Pepe Le'pew pictures!!</A> <P><br> <A HREF="http://www.addme.com"><IMG SRC="addme.gif" ALT="Add Me!" BORDER=0></A>Submit your page to 34 popular sites for free, using one form! Click on the graphic to "do it!" <P> <HR> <P> <FONT SIZE=6><B>CONTACT:</B></FONT> <P> <IMG SRC="mailbox2.gif"> <FONT SIZE=5>If you have any interesting "skinny" to share, <A href=mailto:suzoola1@aol.com?subject=Cow Page Feedback><IMG SRC="email.gif"></A> it to me!! Let me know what you think of this site!! <RIGHT><IMG SRC="mailbird.gif"></RIGHT> <P> <P> <br> <hr> <CENTER> <P><TABLE BORDER=10 CELLPADDING=3 CELLSPACING=3 WIDTH=500> <TR><TH> <FONT SIZE=2> <a href="http://members.tripod.com/~codyadamsam/"><img src="http://members.tripod.com/~codyadamsam/cowpic.gif" align="left" WIDTH=125 HEIGHT=80></a> This <a href="http://members.tripod.com/~codyadamsam/">Golden Cow Web Ring Site</a> is owned by <BR> <a href="mailto:suzoola1@aol.com?subject=Cow Page Feedback"><FONT size="2">Suzette Ortiz</Font></a>. <BR><BR> <FONT SIZE="2"> Want to join the <a href="http://members.tripod.com/~codyadamsam/">Golden Cow Web Ring</a>?</FONT> </TH></TR> <TR><TH> <FONT size=3> [<a href="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=codyadamsam&id=104&sprev"target="_top">Skip Prev</a>] [<a href="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=codyadamsam&id=104&prev"target="_top">Prev</a>] [<a href="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=codyadamsam&id=104&next"target="_top">Next</a>] [<a href="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=codyadamsam&id=104&skip"target="_top">Skip Next</>] [<a href="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?random&ring=codyadamsam"target="_top">Random</a>] [<a href="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=codyadamsam&id=104&next5"target="_top">Next 5</a>] [<a href="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=codyadamsam&list"target="_top">List Sites</a>] </font> </TH></TR></TABLE> </CENTER> <P> <hr> <P> <div align="center"><TABLE BORDER=4 CELLPADDING=6 CELLSPACING=6 WIDTH="360" HEIGHT="75" BORDERCOLOR="#883715" BGCOLOR="brown"> <TR><TD ALIGN="left" WIDTH="120" VALIGN="middle"> <a href="http://www.plejaderna.nu/cgi-bin/ringlink/ringlink.html"> <IMG SRC="http://www.plejaderna.nu/torget/torgbilder/coolcowsleft.jpg" WIDTH="100" HEIGHT="74" ALT="" BORDER="0"></A> <td ALIGN="center" WIDTH="120" HEIGHT="75" VALIGN="middle"> <FONT FACE="Verdana,Geneva,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif" SIZE="1"> <a href="http://www.plejaderna.nu/cgi-bin/ringlink/home.pl?ringid=koo;siteid=141" target="_top">Suzette Ortiz</a><BR><BR> <a href="http://www.plejaderna.nu/cgi-bin/ringlink/next.pl?ringid=koo;siteid=141" target="_top">Next</a> <BR> <a href="http://www.plejaderna.nu/cgi-bin/ringlink/prev.pl?ringid=koo;siteid=141" target="_top">Prev</a> <BR> <a href="http://www.plejaderna.nu/cgi-bin/ringlink/rand.pl?ringid=koo;siteid=141" target="_top">Random</a> <BR> <a href="http://www.plejaderna.nu/cgi-bin/ringlink/list.pl?ringid=koo;siteid=141" target="_top">List</a> <BR> </td> <td ALIGN="right" WIDTH="120" VALIGN="middle" HEIGHT="75"> <a href="http://www.plejaderna.nu/cgi-bin/ringlink/next.pl?ringid=koo;siteid=gretacoolcows" target="_top"> <IMG SRC="http://www.plejaderna.nu/torget/torgbilder/nextcowsite.jpg" WIDTH="100" HEIGHT="74" ALT="" BORDER="0"></a></FONT> </td></tr></table></DIV>   <P> <hr> <P> <CENTER><B>You are visitor #:</B> <P> <IMG SRC="http://counter.digits.com/wc/-d/6/-z/-c/5/-f/FF9966/suzette" WIDTH=90 HEIGHT=30 BORDER=0 HSPACE=4 VSPACE=2></FONT> <P> <A HREF="http://www.digits.com/"><IMG SRC="wc-02.gif"></A></CENTER> <P> <HR> </BODY> </HTML>

Suzette's Page Suzette's Page --- **SPECIAL INTERESTS: [SouthPark Page!](sp.htm)** ![](cowblocks.jpg) ![](cowz.gif) ![](cow.gif) **Cows!!! Cows!!! Cows!!! Cows!!!** ![](cow.gif) Click above to MOO again!! In case you don't get the hint, I like cows! They're fun to look at, and somehow they just make me smile or laugh even after I've had a tough day. I like real and animated pictures of cows. In fact, check out [The Amazing CowCam](http://www.accsyst.com/cow.html) and see if you're lucky enough to see some cows "realtime". --- | You can also see the [Giant Cow](http://www.hotwired.com/animation/collection/edgar_beals/giant_cow/)! This is an animation that might run slowly, but it is very funny! | --- Cow Humor: Here are a few Far Side cartoons I've found on the net. Check them out!! [FarSide#1](farcow1.gif), [FarSide#2](farcow2.gif), [FarSide#3](farcow3.gif), [FarSide#4](farcow4.gif), [FarSide#5](farcow5.gif) , and [FarSide#6](far2.gif). Here is a collection of [other Far Side](http://www.cling.gu.se/~damien/Larson.html) cartoons. Cow Car: Who would've thought?? See the [cow car](cowcar.gif) every cow lover longs to have. [Cows in ASCII](http://www.siue.edu/~rbinnin/home/funny/cow.html): Some of these are really funny!! A rather unusual [cow dialogue](http://www.nornet.on.ca/~jphrycak/cows/cowindex.html)!! Check out [The Cow Pasture](cow.html) for some of my other favorite cow pictures!! And yet another page with [More Cow Pictures](cow2.html)!! Finally (at least for now) my last extra page with [Even More Cow Pictures](cow3.html)!! --- ![](redlite.gif)See the amazing 3D animated cow!!!![](redlite.gif) ![](acow.gif) --- **SPORTS!!** ![](cowgolf.gif) Cows are known to get their sports updates from [ESPNET Sports Zone](http://espnet.sportszone.com/). Not sure you'll find any cows here, unless it's the logo of your favorite team!! ![](helmet.gif) Speaking of favorite teams, mine is the (what a surprise!) Dallas "Cow"boys!! Check 'em out at: [The NFL Cowboys Site](http://www.nfl.com/cowboys/index.html)!! ![](skicow.gif) --- **COMPUTERS!!** ![](cowcomp.gif) Cows like [Gateway 2000 Computers](http://www.gateway.com/) because of the exceptional packaging used on their computers. ![](cowcube.gif) --- ![](artcow.gif) --- ![](cowz2.gif) ![](cowbar.gif) **OTHER INTERESTS:** Internet Relay Chat !!! If you haven't heard about IRC (Internet Relay Chat), or if you have been putting off finding out about it, STOP RIGHT HERE and CHECK IT OUT!!! It is really neat, and not that hard to get started in it. Here's all you need to do: 1. Get unlimited internet access (flat rate plan) from your local Internet Service Provider (ISP) -- you'll need it once you get hooked! 2. Get an IRC client to run on your PC. There are several out there, but I HIGHLY RECOMMEND Pirch. Click on the below "PIRCH" graphic to go to the Pirch home page. From here you can download Pirch and find out even more about IRC. (Macintosh users, I've got you covered, too!! I recommend you use [Ircle](http://www.amug.org/~ircle/) as your IRC client!!) [![](pirch.gif)](http://www.pirchat.com/) 3. Install Pirch (or Ircle for Macs), and start IRC-ing!! 4. [![](mirc.gif)](http://www.mirc.co.uk/index.html) is another irc client for PC users, and there is a lot of useful irc information at this site. 5. If you want to catch me in IRC, I am usually on the Australian Undernet server (au.undernet.org) in the #family or #clean-chat channels. My "nickname" is Suzoola. Come chat with us!! See you in IRC!!! You will hear me playing this tune a lot in irc!! --- ![](yr_icon.gif) I am a fan of The Young and the Restless! I get my updates from the [Y&R Page](http://members.xoom.com/DebInGuelph/update.html). Another [Y&R site is here](http://www.young-restless.com/spoiler.html) !! Or you can check out these [Clarence Updates](http://marketing.cbs.com/daytime/yr/clarence/) !! ![](star-right-red.gif)You can check out my favorite [Wolf's](http://www.west-point.org/users/usma1982/39622/) home page!! ![](star-right-red.gif)And here is the home page of one of my daughters -- [Lisa's Page](http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Estates/7725) !! ![](pepe.gif) There's just something about Pepe Le'pew that makes him my favorite cartoon character!! Check out these great [Pepe Le'pew pictures!!](http://www.facethemusic.org/fantasy/kids/pepe1.html) [![Add Me!](addme.gif)](http://www.addme.com)Submit your page to 34 popular sites for free, using one form! Click on the graphic to "do it!" --- **CONTACT:** ![](mailbox2.gif) If you have any interesting "skinny" to share, [![](email.gif)](mailto:suzoola1@aol.com?subject=Cow) it to me!! Let me know what you think of this site!! ![](mailbird.gif) --- | This [Golden Cow Web Ring Site](http://members.tripod.com/~codyadamsam/) is owned by [Suzette Ortiz](mailto:suzoola1@aol.com?subject=Cow Page Feedback). Want to join the [Golden Cow Web Ring](http://members.tripod.com/~codyadamsam/)? | | --- | | [[Skip Prev](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=codyadamsam&id=104&sprev)] [[Prev](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=codyadamsam&id=104&prev)] [[Next](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=codyadamsam&id=104&next)] [[Skip Next] [[Random](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?random&ring=codyadamsam)] [[Next 5](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=codyadamsam&id=104&next5)] [[List Sites](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=codyadamsam&list)]](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=codyadamsam&id=104&skip) | --- | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | [Suzette Ortiz](http://www.plejaderna.nu/cgi-bin/ringlink/home.pl?ringid=koo;siteid=141) [Next](http://www.plejaderna.nu/cgi-bin/ringlink/next.pl?ringid=koo;siteid=141) [Prev](http://www.plejaderna.nu/cgi-bin/ringlink/prev.pl?ringid=koo;siteid=141) [Random](http://www.plejaderna.nu/cgi-bin/ringlink/rand.pl?ringid=koo;siteid=141) [List](http://www.plejaderna.nu/cgi-bin/ringlink/list.pl?ringid=koo;siteid=141) | | | --- **You are visitor #:** ![](http://counter.digits.com/wc/-d/6/-z/-c/5/-f/FF9966/suzette) [![](wc-02.gif)](http://www.digits.com/) ---

https://www.west-point.org/users/usma1982/39622/Suzoola/

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en"> <html> <head> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/apple-touch-icon.png"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252"> <meta name="GENERATOR" content="Mozilla/4.8 [en] (Windows NT 5.0; U) [Netscape]"> <meta name="AUTHOR" content="J. C. Sprott"> <meta name="DESCRIPTION" content="World Wide Web server for Julien Clinton Sprott, Professor of Physics at the University of Wisconsin - Madison"> <meta name="KEYWORDS" content="fractals, fractal, graphics, JAVA, education, animations, Sprott, future, geometry, mathematics, MIDI music, Mandelbrot, science, physics, chaos, Wisconsin, Madison, software, computer art, dancing, contra, strange attractors, MST, fusion, nuclear, icons, cellular automata, applet, anaglyph, Henon, Julia, Lorenz, Rossler, IFS, iterated function, iteration, prediction, nonlinear dynamics, dynamical systems, complexity, complex systems"> <title>Sprott's Gateway</title> <script language="JavaScript">  </script> </head> <body style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); background-image: url(blueback.jpg);" vlink="#551a8b" link="#0000ee" alink="#ff0000"> <center> <h1><big><img src="face.jpg" alt="" style="width: 48px; height: 48px;"><span style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(204, 0, 0);"> Sprott's Gateway</span><img src="gateway.gif" alt="" width="48" height="48"></big></h1> </center> <big>Welcome to <a href="sprott.htm">Clint Sprott</a>'s web server in the <a href="http://www.physics.wisc.edu/">Physics Department</a> at the <a href="http://www.wisc.edu/">University of Wisconsin - Madison</a>. I'd like to invite you to get acquainted with me and to look at some things I've posted for your enjoyment and enlightenment. I suggest you start at my <a href="sprott.htm">home page</a>. If you prefer, you can search for a term that interests you or go directly to one of the menu items below. If you have trouble accessing this site, <a href="mailto:sprott@physics.wisc.edu">contact me</a>.<br> </big> <hr style="width: 100%; height: 3px;"> <table style="text-align: left; width: 100%; height: 46px;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"> <form method="get" action="google.htm"><big><input value="Search Sprott's Gateway" type="submit"></big></form> </td> <td> <center> <h2><big><a href="https://wiscmail.wisc.edu/"><img src="server.gif" alt="" width="32" height="32" border="0"></a> <span style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(204, 0, 0);">Server Menu</span> <a href="http://mail.physics.wisc.edu/"><img alt="" src="servel.gif" width="32" height="32" border="0"></a></big></h2> </center> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> <form method="get" action="cgi-bin/randfile.exe"><big><input value="View Random Document" type="submit"></big></form> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table style="width: 100%; text-align: left;" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2" border="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <h3><big><img src="bullet.gif" alt="*" width="20" height="18"> <span style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0);">Collections</span></big></h3> <ul> <li><big> <a href="software.htm">Computer Software</a></big></li> <li><big> <a href="fractals/">Fractal Artwork</a></big></li> <li><big> <a href="images/">Images and Icons</a></big></li> <li><big> <a href="midi/">Midi Music Files</a></big></li> <li><big> <a href="photos/">Photographs</a></big></li> <li><big> <a href="videos.htm">Videos</a><br> </big></li> </ul> <h3><big> <img src="bullet.gif" alt="*" width="20" height="18"> <span style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0);">Dancing</span></big></h3> <ul> <li><big> <a href="mecds/home.html">Madison English Country Dancers</a></big></li> <li><big> <a href="scandan/home.htm">Madison Scandinavian Music and Dance</a></big></li> <li><big><a href="oakapple/">Oak Apple Morris Dancers</a><br> </big></li> </ul> <h3><big> <img src="bullet.gif" alt="*" width="20" height="18"> <span style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0);">Fractals</span></big></h3> <ul> <li><big> <a href="fractals/animated/">Animated GIF Images</a></big></li> <li><big> <a href="carlson/">Carlson's Fractal Gallery</a></big></li> <li><big> <a href="fractals/fracday0.gif">Fractal of the Day</a></big></li> <li><big><a href="/robin/fractalslides/Site/Images_of_a_Complex_World.html">Fractal Slideshow</a><br> </big></li> <li><big> <a href="fractals/collect/">Newsgroup Fractal Collection</a></big></li> <li><big> <a href="fractals.htm">Sprott's Fractal Gallery</a></big></li> <li><big> <a href="java/attract/attract.htm">Strange Attractor Java Search</a></big></li> </ul> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <h3><big><img src="bullet.gif" alt="*" width="20" height="18"> <span style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0);">People</span></big></h3> <ul> <li><big> <a href="pickover/home.htm">Cliff Pickover's Home Page</a></big></li> <li><big> <a href="sprott.htm">Clint Sprott's Home Page</a></big></li> <li><big> <a href="biewer/home.htm">Ted Biewer's Home Page</a></big></li> <li><big><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="/W9AV/">W9AV Amateur Radio Page</a><br> </big></li> </ul> <h3><big><img src="bullet.gif" alt="*" width="20" height="18"> <span style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0);">Physics</span></big></h3> <ul> <li><big> <a href="Chaos-Complexity/">Chaos and Complex Systems Seminar</a></big></li> <li><big> <a href="chaostsa/">Chaos and Time-Series Analysis (book)<br> </a></big></li> <li><big> <a href="fusion.htm">Plasmas and Fusion Technology</a></big></li> <li><big> <a href="pubs.htm">Sprott's Books and Publications</a></big></li> <li><big> <a href="lectures.htm">Sprott's Popular Lectures</a></big></li> <li><big> <a href="technote.htm">Sprott's Technical Notes</a></big></li> <li><big> <a href="wop.htm">The Wonders of Physics</a></big></li> </ul> <h3><big> <img src="bullet.gif" alt="*" width="20" height="18"> <span style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0);">Server</span></big></h3> <ul> <li><big> <a href="admin.htm">Server Administration</a></big></li> <li><big> <a href="svrstats.htm">Server Statistics - History</a></big></li> <li><big> <a href="analog.htm">Server Statistics - Last Week</a></big></li> <li><big> <a href="whatsnew.htm">What's New on Sprott's Gateway</a></big></li> </ul> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://httpd.apache.org/"><img alt="Powered by Apache" src="apache.gif" style="border: 0px solid ; width: 259px; height: 32px;"></a><br> </div> </body> </html>

Sprott's Gateway  # Sprott's Gateway Welcome to [Clint Sprott](sprott.htm)'s web server in the [Physics Department](http://www.physics.wisc.edu/) at the [University of Wisconsin - Madison](http://www.wisc.edu/). I'd like to invite you to get acquainted with me and to look at some things I've posted for your enjoyment and enlightenment. I suggest you start at my [home page](sprott.htm). If you prefer, you can search for a term that interests you or go directly to one of the menu items below. If you have trouble accessing this site, [contact me](mailto:sprott@physics.wisc.edu). --- | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | | Server Menu | | | | | | --- | --- | | * Collections* [Computer Software](software.htm) * [Fractal Artwork](fractals/) * [Images and Icons](images/) * [Midi Music Files](midi/) * [Photographs](photos/) * [Videos](videos.htm) * Dancing* [Madison English Country Dancers](mecds/home.html) * [Madison Scandinavian Music and Dance](scandan/home.htm) * [Oak Apple Morris Dancers](oakapple/) * Fractals* [Animated GIF Images](fractals/animated/) * [Carlson's Fractal Gallery](carlson/) * [Fractal of the Day](fractals/fracday0.gif) * [Fractal Slideshow](/robin/fractalslides/Site/Images_of_a_Complex_World.html) * [Newsgroup Fractal Collection](fractals/collect/) * [Sprott's Fractal Gallery](fractals.htm) * [Strange Attractor Java Search](java/attract/attract.htm) | * People* [Cliff Pickover's Home Page](pickover/home.htm) * [Clint Sprott's Home Page](sprott.htm) * [Ted Biewer's Home Page](biewer/home.htm) * [W9AV Amateur Radio Page](/W9AV/) * Physics* [Chaos and Complex Systems Seminar](Chaos-Complexity/) * [Chaos and Time-Series Analysis (book)](chaostsa/) * [Plasmas and Fusion Technology](fusion.htm) * [Sprott's Books and Publications](pubs.htm) * [Sprott's Popular Lectures](lectures.htm) * [Sprott's Technical Notes](technote.htm) * [The Wonders of Physics](wop.htm) * Server* [Server Administration](admin.htm) * [Server Statistics - History](svrstats.htm) * [Server Statistics - Last Week](analog.htm) * [What's New on Sprott's Gateway](whatsnew.htm) | [![Powered by Apache](apache.gif)](http://httpd.apache.org/)

https://sprott.physics.wisc.edu/

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} .auto-style366 { font-size: small; background-color: #CDCFCE; } .auto-style367 { font-family: "Lucida Calligraphy"; text-decoration: underline; font-size: x-small; } .auto-style369 { text-align: center; color: #0000FF; font-family: "Bahnschrift SemiBold"; } .auto-style370 { font-family: "Bahnschrift SemiBold Condensed"; } .auto-style371 { font-family: Miriam; font-size: x-small; } .auto-style372 { font-family: "Lucida Handwriting"; font-size: x-small; } .auto-style373 { font-size: x-large; font-family: "Bahnschrift SemiLight SemiConde"; } .auto-style374 { text-decoration: none; font-family: "Lucida Calligraphy"; } .auto-style375 { font-size: small; font-family: "Bahnschrift SemiBold Condensed"; } .auto-style376 { border: 2px solid #0000FF; text-align: center; font-size: small; } </style> </head> <body style="background-color: #FFFFFF"> <p class="auto-style1">  </p> <table align="center" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="4" class="auto-style250" style="width: 1250px"> <tr> <td class="auto-style123" style="width: 521px; height: 93px;"> <br /> <span class="auto-style112"><strong class="auto-style101"> <a class="auto-style369" href="1%20Francesco%20Forgione%20in%20Pietrelcina.html">PADRE PIO: "MY LIFE FOR EACH OF YOU."</a></strong></span><br class="auto-style101" /> <br /> <span class="auto-style112"> <span class="auto-style195"><a href="Who%20is%20Padre%20Pio.html">Who is Padre Pio</a></span></span><br /> <br /> <span class="auto-style257"> <a href="Heavenly%20Facts.%20June%202019.pdf"> "Padre Pio: Heavenly Facts and Words of Wisdom"</a></span><span class="auto-style206"><a class="style10" href="Heavenly%20Facts.%20June%202019.pdf"> </a> </span> <br /> <a class="style10" href="Heavenly%20Facts.%20June%202019.pdf"> <span class="auto-style204"> Revised June 2019 PDF</span></a><br /> <span class="auto-style112"> <span class="style48">   </span> <br /> <span> <a class="auto-style195" href="http://lavianuminosa.blogspot.com/2018/02/in-presence-of-transcendent-giuseppe.html">From the Blog of Dr. Vincent Di Stefano, from Australia: "In the presence of the Transcendent. Giuseppe Caccioppoli and Padre Pio of Pietrelcina.</a></span><span class="auto-style195"><span class="auto-style122">"</span><br /> <br /> <a href="2020%20Bibliografia%20Padre%20Pio.html">Bibliography of Padre Pio </a></span></span> <span class="auto-style370"> <span class="auto-style371"> <a href="2020%20Bibliografia%20Padre%20Pio.html">(2020)</a></span></span><br /> <br /> <span class="auto-style195"><span class="auto-style112"> <a class="auto-style320" href="https://www.skylinewebcams.com/en/webcam/italia/puglia/foggia/padre-pio-santuario.html"> WEBCAM SGR</a></span></span><span class="auto-style112"><span class="auto-style375">   </span><span class="auto-style195"> <a class="auto-style320" href="http://www.comunicazione.va/it/servizi/live.html"> Vat</a> <a class="auto-style320" href="mailto:g@caccioppoli.com"> </a> </span></span><span class="auto-style195"> <span class="auto-style112"> <a class="auto-style320" href="mailto:g@caccioppoli.com">email</a><br /> </span></span></td> <td class="auto-style123" style="width: 107px; height: 93px;"> <font color="#282A55"><span class="style6"> <font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#0000FF"><span class="style258"> <span class="style238"><span class="auto-style34"> <font color="#0000FF" face="Rockwell"><span class="auto-style78"> <span class="style2"><font color="#0000ff" face="Verdana" size="2"> <span class="style146"><span class="auto-style7"><span class="style246"> <span class="style48"><strong> <span class="style11"> <span class="style10">   </span></span></strong></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></font><a href="'%2018%20Vita%20di%20Padre%20Pio/Padre%20Pio%20ritratto%20dettaglio.JPG"><img alt="" class="auto-style255" height="170" src="'%2018%20Vita%20di%20Padre%20Pio/Padre%20Pio%20ritratto%20dettaglio_small.JPG" width="127" /></a><br /> <span class="auto-style326"> Padre Pio</span></td> <td class="auto-style104" style="height: 93px"> <a href="Padre%20Pio.%20Mille%20Fatti%20e%20Sante%20Parole.pdf"> <span class="auto-style305"> <strong class="style43">PADRE PIO. Mille Fatti e Sante Parole</strong></span></a><a href="Padre%20Pio.%20Mille%20Fatti%20e%20Sante%20Parole.pdf"><span class="auto-style305"><strong class="style43"> </strong></span> <strong><span class="auto-style319"><br /> </span></strong><span class="auto-style307"> <strong class="style80">I Pensieri, Consigli, Opere ed Intercessioni di un Grande Santo </strong></span><span class="auto-style319"> <strong><br /> Novembre 2020 PDF</strong></span><strong class="style43"><span class="auto-style305"><br /> </span></strong> <strong><span class="auto-style319"> *</span></strong></a><strong><br />  <a class="auto-style292" href="2018%20Padre%20Pio/'''%20000%20INDICE.html">La vita di Padre Pio anno per anno, giorno dopo giorno"</a><br /> <span class="auto-style293">(Dalla culla agli Altari. Con abbondanza di foto e dettagli.)<br /> </span></strong> <span class="auto-style372"><strong>*</strong></span><span class="auto-style293"><strong><br /> </strong> </span><span class="auto-style291"> <a class="auto-style292" href="I%20Doni%20profusi%20dallo%20Spirito%20Santo%20su%20Padre%20Pio.pdf"> I doni profusi dallo Spirito Santo su Padre Pio"</a></span><a class="auto-style188" href="I%20Doni%20profusi%20dallo%20Spirito%20Santo%20su%20Padre%20Pio.pdf"><strong class="auto-style307"> </strong> </a> <strong class="auto-style319"><span class="auto-style359">PDF<br /> </span><span class="auto-style305"> <strong>*</strong></span><span class="auto-style359"><br /> <a class="style43" href="2020%20Bibliografia%20Padre%20Pio.html">Bibliografia di Padre Pio (2020)</a></span></strong><br /> <span class="auto-style323"><span class="auto-style307"> <span class="auto-style332"><span class="auto-style305"> <span class="auto-style367"><br /> </span></span></span></span></span><span class="auto-style293"> <a class="style10" href="https://www.operapadrepio.it/it/ospedale/webcam.html">WEBCAM </a> <span class="auto-style370"><span class="auto-style112"> <a class="auto-style374" href="https://www.skylinewebcams.com/en/webcam/italia/puglia/foggia/padre-pio-santuario.html"> SGR</a></span></span>  <a class="style10" href="http://www.comunicazione.va/it/servizi/live.html"> Vat</a>  </span><span class="auto-style292"> <a class="auto-style320" href="mailto:g@caccioppoli.com">email</a></span></td> </tr> </table> <p class="auto-style1">  </p> <table align="center" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="4" class="auto-style2" style="width: 1250px"> <tr> <td class="auto-style376" style="width: 87px"> <font color="#0000FF" face="Rockwell"> <span class="auto-style186"> <a class="auto-style323" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=37WXKWSsbdI"> Giuseppe Caccioppoli su Padre Pio TV</a></span><span class="auto-style185">:</span></font></td> <td class="auto-style100"> <div class="auto-style1"> <div class="style2"> <div class="auto-style1"> <span class="auto-style110"> <font color="#0000FF" face="Rockwell"> <span class="auto-style185">  </span><a class="auto-style323" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=37WXKWSsbdI">2013 interviste: uno</a><span class="auto-style323"> </span><a class="auto-style323" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_tjQGB0y1eU&feature=c4-overview&list=UU6tZWEYfNqoF8XjF7xA-DHg">due</a> <a class="auto-style323" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJatUFUHOGs&feature=c4-overview&list=UU6tZWEYfNqoF8XjF7xA-DHg">tre</a> <a class="auto-style323" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yYMQuFgP-To&feature=c4-overview&list=UU6tZWEYfNqoF8XjF7xA-DHg">quattro</a><span class="auto-style323"> </span><a class="auto-style323" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f6NI6clCwXI&feature=c4-overview&list=UU6tZWEYfNqoF8XjF7xA-DHg">cinque</a><span class="style80">  <span class="auto-style198"><span class="auto-style155">                                  <a class="auto-style305" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEVV7UknYzk&list=UU6tZWEYfNqoF8XjF7xA-DHg">Ottobre 2014: Intervista e foto</a></span></span></span><span class="auto-style200"><span class="auto-style155">   </span></span><span class="auto-style305"><span class="auto-style334"> <strong><br /> 2016 Fatti di Padre Pio</strong>: </span></span><span class="style80"> <span class="auto-style305"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GTE3uCVbsik"> "Io vedo e sento tutto"</a><span class="auto-style122">. </span> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-otjX5AOBw8"> Margherita Cassano.</a></span><span class="auto-style332"> </span> <span class="auto-style305"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UxhUx8LjABM">Il baciamano</a><span class="auto-style332">. </span> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UtZm0JTOzOA"> Padre Paolo</a><span class="auto-style332">. </span> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FfJWhkcnQ6M"> Eventi futuri.</a></span><span class="auto-style332"> </span> <span class="auto-style305"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xWngM_-s8Vk">"Tra una settimana.</a><span class="auto-style332">"  </span> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IYAQIq_Pcas" class="style10">L</a><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IYAQIq_Pcas">e proroghe</a></span></span><span class="auto-style305"><span class="style80">.  "<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oQaauXOOehI">Ci penso io.</a></span></span><span class="auto-style323">" </span><span class="style80"><span class="auto-style305"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVPXLGCefKk">Tempo di guerra.</a><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lz1M6EaAVMM">L'aldilà</a></span></span><span class="auto-style323">.   </span></font></span> <span class="style48"> <a href="2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/2019,%2024%20settembre.mp4" class="auto-style305"> <strong class="style80">2019 P. Pio Medico:</strong></a></span><span class="style80"><a href="2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/2019,%2024%20settembre.mp4" class="auto-style305"> Rappa</a></span><span class="auto-style331">, </span> <span class="style48"> <a class="auto-style323" href="2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Campanile.mp4">Campanile</a><span class="auto-style331">, </span> <a class="auto-style323" href="2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Bellantuono.mp4">Bellantuono</a><span class="auto-style331">, </span> <a class="auto-style323" href="2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Ricci,%20Gene.mp4">Ricci</a><span class="auto-style334">, </span> <a class="auto-style323" href="2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Contessa.mp4"> Contessa</a><span class="auto-style334">, </span> <a class="auto-style323" href="2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/TBC.mp4"> TBC</a><span class="auto-style334">, </span> </span> <span class="auto-style323"> <a href="2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Padre%20Elia.mp4"> Padre Elia</a><span class="auto-style122">, </span> <a href="2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Fra'%20Giovanni.mp4"> Fra' Giovanni</a><span class="auto-style122">, </span> <a href="2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Moribondo.mp4"> Moribondo</a><span class="auto-style122">, </span> <a href="2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Salvitti.mp4"> Angelo Salvitti</a><span class="auto-style122">, </span> <a href="2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Brian%20John.mp4"> Brian John</a><span class="auto-style122">, </span> <a href="2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Paul%20Walsh.mp4"> Paul Walsh</a><span class="auto-style122">. </span> <a href="2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Anthony%20Fuina.mp4"> <strong>2020 prima del virus:</strong></a></span><a href="2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Anthony%20Fuina.mp4"><span class="auto-style323"> Anthony Fuina</span></a><span class="auto-style323"><span class="auto-style122"> 1, </span> <a href="2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Anthony%20Fuina%202.mp4"> Anthony Fuina 2</a><span class="auto-style122">, </span> <a href="2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Anthony%20Fuina%203.mp4"> Anthony Fuina 3</a><span class="auto-style122"><span class="auto-style305">, </span> <a href="2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Alice%20Jones.mp4" class="style10"> A</a><a href="2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Alice%20Jones.mp4">lice Jones</a><span class="auto-style305"> 1</span></span></span><span class="auto-style305"><span class="auto-style323">,  </span></span> <span class="auto-style323"> <span class="auto-style305"> <span class="auto-style122"> <a href="2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Alice%20Jones%202.mp4"> Alice Jones 2</a></span></span></span><span class="auto-style305"><span class="auto-style323">  </span></span> <span class="auto-style323"> <a href="2020%20Doni/Doni%20mistici.mp4"> Doni mistici 1,</a><span class="auto-style305">  </span> <a href="2020%20Doni/Doni%20mistici%202.mp4">Doni mistici 2</a><span class="auto-style305">, </span><a href="2020%20Doni/Doni%20mistici%203.mp4">Doni mistici 3</a><span class="auto-style305">, </span> <a href="2020%20Doni/Doni%20mistici%204.mp4">Doni mistici 4,</a> <a href="2020%20Doni/Doni%20mistici%205.mp4">Doni mistici 5</a><span class="auto-style305">, </span> <a href="2020%20Doni/Doni%20mistici%206.mp4">Doni mistici 6</a><span class="auto-style305">, </span> <a href="2020%20Doni/Doni%20mistici%207.mp4">Doni mistici </a> <span class="auto-style122"><a class="auto-style305" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=atAnrunbVC0">2019 In cammino con Padre Pio: Introduzione</a></span></span><span class="auto-style122"><span class="auto-style323">, </span> </span> <span class="auto-style323"> <span class="auto-style122"> <a class="auto-style305" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSljUdZ2wlo"> Stimmate</a><span class="auto-style305">, </span> <a class="auto-style305" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hrnl-xbL3sg"> Pietrelcina</a><span class="auto-style305">, </span> <a class="auto-style305" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gikjTmtNOGk"> Tizzani</a><span class="auto-style305">, </span> <a class="auto-style305" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GNCC_51M-5E"> Malattia</a><span class="auto-style305">, S</span><a class="auto-style305" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nCYIu4Sr_Mw">oldato</a></span></span><span class="auto-style305"><span class="auto-style122"><span class="auto-style323">, </span> </span> </span> <span class="auto-style323"> <span class="auto-style122"> <span class="auto-style305"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQuAZMAR15M&list=PL9G2hGNUeYr324tNY6gPfC4gL7kZN-Y4i&index=5&t=0s"> Convalescenza</a></span></span></span><span class="auto-style122"><span class="auto-style305"><span class="auto-style323">, </span></span> </span> <span class="auto-style323"> <span class="auto-style305"> <span class="auto-style122"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Q7_u-nb12s">Cadorna</a></span></span><span class="auto-style122"><span class="auto-style305">, </span> </span> <span class="auto-style305"> <span class="auto-style122"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q2Mi-AZPq68&list=PL9G2hGNUeYr324tNY6gPfC4gL7kZN-Y4i&index=5&t=0s">Lettere</a></span></span><span class="auto-style122"><span class="auto-style305">, </span></span> <span class="auto-style305"> <span class="auto-style122"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b7vdPWnDAgY&list=PL9G2hGNUeYr324tNY6gPfC4gL7kZN-Y4i&index=4&t=0s"> Invidie</a></span></span><span class="auto-style122"><span class="auto-style305">, </span></span><span class="auto-style305"><span class="auto-style122"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7zhwno7srI&list=PL9G2hGNUeYr324tNY6gPfC4gL7kZN-Y4i&index=3&t=0s">Gesù Bambino</a>. </span></span></span> <span class="auto-style307"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SC2QTNrr_BM&list=PL9G2hGNUeYr324tNY6gPfC4gL7kZN-Y4i&index=3&t=0s" class="style80"> 2</a></span><span class="auto-style323"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SC2QTNrr_BM&list=PL9G2hGNUeYr324tNY6gPfC4gL7kZN-Y4i&index=3&t=0s">020 prima del virus: Figlie spirituali 1</a></span><span class="auto-style305"><span class="auto-style323">, </span></span><span class="auto-style305"><span class="auto-style307"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p2QFCI8XGFc&list=PL9G2hGNUeYr324tNY6gPfC4gL7kZN-Y4i&index=1" class="style80"> Figlie 2</a></span><span class="auto-style323">, </span><span class="auto-style307"> <span class="auto-style332"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mXATSFZfG9A&list=PL9G2hGNUeYr324tNY6gPfC4gL7kZN-Y4i&index=2" class="style80">Figli </a> </span></span> <span class="auto-style332"> <span class="auto-style323">1, </span></span></span><span class="auto-style323"> <span class="auto-style305"> <span class="auto-style332"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=snZCzHdXuhs&list=PL9G2hGNUeYr324tNY6gPfC4gL7kZN-Y4i&index=3&t=0s">Figli 2</a></span></span><span class="auto-style332"><span class="auto-style305">, </span></span><span class="auto-style305"> <span class="auto-style332"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jQGnm5sW0P8&list=PL9G2hGNUeYr324tNY6gPfC4gL7kZN-Y4i&index=1"> dottor Lotti</a></span></span><span class="auto-style332"><span class="auto-style305">, </span></span><span class="auto-style307"> <span class="auto-style305"><span class="auto-style332"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5CLPnFC4jmQ&list=UU6tZWEYfNqoF8XjF7xA-DHg&index=1"> V</a></span></span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5CLPnFC4jmQ&list=UU6tZWEYfNqoF8XjF7xA-DHg&index=1"><span class="auto-style332"><span class="auto-style305">aticano</span></span></a><span class="auto-style332"><span class="auto-style305">, </span></span><span class="auto-style305"> <span class="auto-style332"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lgTI7b1MvjA&list=UU6tZWEYfNqoF8XjF7xA-DHg&index=1"> Restrizioni</a></span></span><span class="auto-style307"><span class="auto-style305"><span class="auto-style332">, </span></span></span><span class="auto-style332"><span class="auto-style305"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3chHQyAXAvk">Segregazione</a><span class="auto-style307">, </span></span></span> <span class="auto-style305"> <span class="auto-style332"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x__XBt7mut8">Casa Sollievo</a></span></span><span class="auto-style307"><span class="auto-style305"><span class="auto-style332">, </span></span></span><span class="auto-style332"><span class="auto-style305"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UoRhoCeBWJg&list=UU6tZWEYfNqoF8XjF7xA-DHg&index=3"> Giametta</a><span class="auto-style307">, </span></span></span><span class="auto-style305"> <span class="auto-style332"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K8cQsB7SoAw&list=UU6tZWEYfNqoF8XjF7xA-DHg&index=1">Inizio lavori ospedale.</a></span></span></span></div> </div> </div> <font color="#0000FF" face="Rockwell"> <span class="auto-style176"> <span class="auto-style155"> <p class="auto-style1">       </p> </span> </span></font></td> </tr> </table> <p class="auto-style1">  </p> <table align="center" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="4" class="auto-style250" style="width: 1250px"> <tr> <td class="auto-style238" style="width: 617px"> <br /> <span class="auto-style112"><strong class="auto-style101"><a class="auto-style239" href="1%20Francesco%20Forgione%20in%20Pietrelcina.html">PADRE PIO: "MY LIFE FOR EACH OF YOU."</a></strong></span><br class="auto-style202" /> <span class="auto-style260"> <em class="style43"> </em></span><span class="auto-style112"><span class="auto-style157"><em><strong class="auto-style261">De</strong></em></span></span><span class="style48"><span class="auto-style112"><em><span class="auto-style261">tailed bio, spectacular pictures, very rare videos and audios.</span></em></span></span><br class="auto-style263" /> <br /> <br class="auto-style327" /> <span class="auto-style327">  1. </span> <span class="auto-style110"> <a class="auto-style270" href="1%20Francesco%20Forgione%20in%20Pietrelcina.html">Birth and childhood of Francesco Forgione in Pietrelcina.</a></span><a href="1%20Francesco%20Forgione%20in%20Pietrelcina.html" class="auto-style263"> </a> <br class="auto-style327" /> <br class="auto-style327" />  <a class="auto-style263" href="2%20Novice%20in%20Morcone;%20student%20in%20Pianisi,%20Catola,%20Capriola,%20Fusco,%20Gesualdo;%20priest%20in%20Benevento.html">2. Francesco Forgione becomes Padre Pio da Pietrelcina: Novice in Morcone, theology student in Sant'Elia a Pianisi, San Marco la Catola, Serracapriola, Montefusco, and Gesualdo. Ordained p</a><a href="2%20Novice%20in%20Morcone;%20student%20in%20Pianisi,%20Catola,%20Capriola,%20Fusco,%20Gesualdo;%20priest%20in%20Benevento.html"><span class="auto-style263">riest in Benevento.</span></a><br class="auto-style327" /> <br class="auto-style327" /> <span class="auto-style327"> 3. </span> <a class="auto-style263" href="3%20Ministry%20in%20Pietrelcina;%20invisible%20wounds.html">Seven years passed sick at home in Pietrelcina after becoming a priest. Early ministry. Receives the invisible wounds.</a><br class="auto-style327" /> <br class="auto-style329" /> <span class="auto-style327"> 4. </span> <a href="4%20Military%20service%20of%20Padre%20Pio.html" class="auto-style263"> Padre Pio enlisted for 3 years of Military service in the Italian Army. He is stationed in Napoli during World War I.</a><span class="auto-style110"> <br class="auto-style329" /> <br class="auto-style329" /> </span><span class="auto-style327"> 5. </span><span class="auto-style110"> <a class="auto-style270" href="5%20Seraphic%20college,%20Transverberation,%20Stigmata.html"> Padre Pio receives the Transverberation of the heart and the five Wounds.</a></span><span class="auto-style327"> </span> <br class="auto-style327" /> <br class="auto-style329" /> <span class="auto-style327"> 6. </span> <a class="auto-style263" href="6%20Examinations%20of%20the%20wounds.html"> The wounds are examined by drs. Merla, Bignami, Romanelli, Festa.</a><br class="auto-style329" /> <br class="auto-style329" /> <font color="#0000FF" face="Rockwell"> <span class="auto-style327">  7. </span> <span class="auto-style110"> <a class="auto-style270" href="7%20Inquisition.html">T</a></span><span class="auto-style98"><a class="auto-style263" href="7%20Inquisition.html">he wounds are investigated multiple times by the Holy Office. Hernia operation. Decree of isolation.</a></span><span class="auto-style110"> <br class="auto-style329" /> <br class="auto-style329" /> </span><span class="auto-style327">  8. </span><span class="auto-style98"> <a href="8%20Casa%20Sollievo%20della%20Sofferenza%20(with%20videos).html" class="auto-style263"> The building of the grand hospital "CASA SOLLIEVO DELLA SOFFERENZA</a></span><span class="auto-style7"><span class="style298"><span class="style330"><span class="style267"><a class="auto-style263" href="8%20Casa%20Sollievo%20della%20Sofferenza%20(with%20videos).html">" and the gigantic input of Barbara Ward.</a></span></span></span></span><br class="auto-style329" /> <br class="auto-style329" /> <span class="auto-style327">  9. </span> <span class="auto-style7"><span class="style330"> <a class="auto-style263" href="9%20Mary%20Pyle%20'Maria%20l'Americana'.html">Mary Pyle "Maria l'Americana". The heiress from New York offers her life for the poor, the friars, and the needs of Padre Pio."</a></span></span><span class="auto-style110"><br class="auto-style329" /> <br class="auto-style329" /> </span><span class="auto-style327">  10. </span><span class="auto-style98"> <a class="auto-style263" href="10%20Spiritual%20children;%20Prayer%20Groups.html"> Padre Pio had many spiritual children, female and male, organized in Prayer Groups, and enrolled in the Third Franciscan Order, professing firm allegiance to the Pope and the Church.</a></span><span class="auto-style110"> <br /> </span> <br class="auto-style329" /> <span class="auto-style327">  11. </span> <span class="auto-style98"> <a href="11%20Prophecy.html" class="auto-style263"> P Padre Pio had the gift of PROFECY and read the souls and minds of people. Here are a few of the numerous facts reported and documented.</a><span class="auto-style330"> </span> <br class="auto-style329" /> <span class="auto-style110"> <br class="auto-style329" /> </span></span> <span class="auto-style327">  12. </span> <span class="auto-style98"> <a class="auto-style263" href="12%20Bilocation.html">Padre Pio never left the convent, but still was seen in BILOCATION around the world in many places, in every Continent. We report  several of these episodes. </a> <br class="auto-style327" /> <br class="auto-style327" /> </span><span class="auto-style327">  13. </span><span class="auto-style7"><span class="style327"> <span class="style331"><span class="auto-style98"> <a href="13%20Healing.html" class="auto-style263">For the process of Sainthood of Padre Pio many people reported, accompanied by medical documentation, complete, immediate and permanent HEALING through his intercession. We report several documented facts.</a></span></span></span></span><span class="auto-style327">        </span> <span class="auto-style110"><br class="auto-style329" /> <br class="auto-style329" /> </span> <span class="auto-style327">  14. </span> <span class="auto-style7"> <span class="style331"><span class="style327"> <span class="auto-style98"> <a href="14%20Perfume,%20radiance,%20ecstasy,%20levitation.html" class="auto-style263"> The PERFUME of Padre Pio was smelled in the most unusual ways and locations. It was always the sign of his presence. Also, he was seen in ecstasy, and at times radiated luminosity around him.</a></span></span></span></span><span class="auto-style110"><br class="auto-style329" /> <br class="auto-style329" /> </span><span class="auto-style327">  15. </span><span class="auto-style7"><span class="style327"> <span class="style331"><span class="auto-style98"> <a href="15%20Purgatory,%20Heaven,%20two%20years%20reprieve,%20hell,%20Angels,%20devil.html" class="auto-style263"> While alive, Pio Pio visited hell, Purgatory and Heaven. He knew many things about the departed. He obtained reprives to extend life and better prepare. He was familiar with his guardian angel, and was frequently badly beaten by the devils.</a></span></span></span><br class="auto-style329" /> <span class="auto-style110"><br class="auto-style329" /> </span></span> <span class="style48"> <span class="auto-style327"> 16. </span></span><span class="style331"><span class="style327"> <span class="auto-style98"> <a href="16%20Mass,%2011%20altars;%20confessions.html" class="auto-style263"> Padre Pio's Mass lasted between 90 minutes and 3 hours. It was like the Passion unfolding. He spent long hours in the Confessional, reproaching, transforming, and cleansing.</a></span></span></span><span class="auto-style327">      </span><span class="auto-style110"><br class="auto-style329" /> <br class="auto-style329" /> </span> <span class="auto-style327">  16a. </span> <span class="auto-style7"><span class="auto-style98"> <a href="16a%20Mary,%20prayer%20(choir,%20balcony),%20rosary,%20%20Fatima.html" class="auto-style263"> Padre Pio had an immense love for the Virgin Mary. He prayed the Rosary continuously.</a></span></span><br class="auto-style329" /> <br class="auto-style329" /> <span class="auto-style263"><span class="auto-style122"> 18. </span> <a href="18%20Audio%20video%20Angelus,%20Finestrella,%20Visit,%20Consecration,%20Fatima%20Novena%20and%20video.htm">You can hear the live voice of Padre Pio reciting "The Angel of the Lord", waving at the crowd from the window (finestrella), praying </a></span> <span class="auto-style117"> <a href="18%20Audio%20video%20Angelus,%20Finestrella,%20Visit,%20Consecration,%20Fatima%20Novena%20and%20video.htm"> <font color="#0000FF" face="Rockwell" class="auto-style262"> the "Visit to the most Holy Mary", "Consecration to the most Holy Heart" of Mary, "Novena in preparation to the visit of Madonna of Fatima", You may follow the voice in italian and read the text in Italian and English. See also the video of "1959 Madonna di Fatima visit to Padre Pio", in italian with english subtitles.</font></a></span><span class="auto-style263"><a href="18%20Audio%20video%20Angelus,%20Finestrella,%20Visit,%20Consecration,%20Fatima%20Novena%20and%20video.htm"> </a> </span> <br /> <span class="auto-style109"><br class="auto-style327" /> </span><span class="auto-style327"> </span> <a href="19%20Children.html"> <span class="auto-style263">19. Padre Pio met people in the St. Francis hall, administered Baptisms, First Communions, and weddings. Many pictures.</span></a><span class="auto-style109"><br class="auto-style327" /> <br class="auto-style327" /> </span><span class="auto-style327">  20. </span><span class="auto-style113"> <a class="auto-style263" href="20%20voting.html">People would follow Padre Pio when he went downtown to vote in the Italian elections. He received a lot of mail. He enjoyed watching the religious plays</a></span><span class="auto-style98"><a class="auto-style109" href="20%20voting.html"><font color="#0000FF" face="Rockwell"><span class="auto-style263">. Many pictures.</span></font></a></span><br class="auto-style327" /> <br class="auto-style327" /> <span class="auto-style327">  21. </span> <span class="auto-style113"> <a class="auto-style263" href="21%202%20cells,%202%20churches,%202%20sacristies,%202%20confessionals,%202%20refectories,%2012%20altars.html"> Padre Pio's life evolved around the cells, the altars, the confessionals and the choirs</a></span><span class="auto-style98"><a class="auto-style109" href="21%202%20cells,%202%20churches,%202%20sacristies,%202%20confessionals,%202%20refectories,%2012%20altars.html"><font color="#0000FF" face="Rockwell"><span class="auto-style263">.</span></font></a><br class="auto-style327" /> <br class="auto-style327" /> </span><span class="auto-style327"> 22. </span><span class="auto-style98"> <a href="22%20Personality,%20health,%20fevers,%20tears,%20eating,%20sleeping,%20discipline;%20gloves,%20bloody%20shirts,%20shoes,%20grooming.html" class="style48"> <span class="auto-style263"> Padre Pio had great personality traits, but </span></a></span> <span class="auto-style117"> <a href="22%20Personality,%20health,%20fevers,%20tears,%20eating,%20sleeping,%20discipline;%20gloves,%20bloody%20shirts,%20shoes,%20grooming.html" class="auto-style262"> h</a></span><span class="auto-style98"><a href="22%20Personality,%20health,%20fevers,%20tears,%20eating,%20sleeping,%20discipline;%20gloves,%20bloody%20shirts,%20shoes,%20grooming.html" class="style48"><font color="#0000FF"><span class="auto-style263">is health was poor. He ate very little, lost a lot of blood, wore special sandals because of the permanently swollen feet.</span></font></a><br class="auto-style327" /> <br class="auto-style327" /> </span> <span class="auto-style327"> 23. </span> <span class="auto-style98"> <a href="23%20poetry,%20humor.html" class="auto-style109"> <font color="#0000FF" face="Rockwell"> <span class="auto-style263">Padre Pio used poetical expressions in his letters, and used to tell jokes frequently. Here are some of them. </span></font></a></span> <br class="auto-style327" /> <br class="auto-style327" /> <span class="auto-style327">  24. </span> <span class="auto-style7"><span class="style327"><span class="style331"> <span class="style267"><span class="auto-style98"> <a href="24%20Padre%20Pio's%20quotes,%20virtues,%20defects,%20Catholic%20Church,%20Francis,%20John,%20Paul,%20who.html" class="auto-style263"> Many quotes of Padre Pio regarding himself, life, virtues, defects, the Catholic Church, the Universe, are reported. St. Francis, St. Paul the Apostle, St. John of the Cross and Padre Pio side by side. </a></span></span></span></span></span> <a href="24%20Padre%20Pio's%20quotes,%20virtues,%20defects,%20Catholic%20Church,%20Francis,%20John,%20Paul,%20who.html"> <span class="auto-style263">Who really is Padre Pio.</span></a><span class="auto-style109"><br class="auto-style327" /> <br class="auto-style327" /> </span> <span class="auto-style327"> 25. </span> <a href="25%20Full%20ministry,%20investigations,%20restrictions,%20last%20years.html"> <span class="auto-style263">Full ministry of Padre Pio. Investigations, restrictions. Last</span></a><span class="auto-style98"><a href="25%20Full%20ministry,%20investigations,%20restrictions,%20last%20years.html" class="auto-style263"> </a> </span> <a href="25%20Full%20ministry,%20investigations,%20restrictions,%20last%20years.html"> <span class="auto-style263"> y</span></a><span class="auto-style98"><a href="25%20Full%20ministry,%20investigations,%20restrictions,%20last%20years.html" class="auto-style263">ears.</a></span><span class="auto-style327">    </span> <br class="auto-style327" /> <br class="auto-style327" /> <span class="auto-style327"> 26. </span> <a href="26%20Last%20day,%20last%20hours,%20death,%20funeral;%20Way%20of%20the%20Cross.html"> <span class="auto-style263"> The last day of Padre Pio's life. Unique video of the last Mass. The last five hours detailed. Death. Video of the funeral.</span></a><span class="auto-style263"><span class="auto-style122"></a></span> </span><br class="auto-style327" /> <br class="auto-style327" /> <span class="auto-style327">  27. </span> <span class="auto-style98"> <a href="27%20Padre%20Pio%20PERFECT%20VICTIM.html" class="auto-style263"> Padre Pio PERFECT VICTIM</a></span><span class="auto-style327">.    </span><br class="auto-style327" /> <br class="auto-style327" /> <span class="auto-style327">  28.</span><span class="auto-style7"><span class="style206"><span class="style271"><span class="style327"><span class="style331"><a class="auto-style263" href="28%20the%20miracles%20of%20Lina%20De%20Martino%20and%20Matteo%20Pio%20Colella.html">The miracles received by  Lina De Martino  and  Matteo Pio Colella, for the proclamation of Padre Pio Blessed and Saint.</a></span></span></span></span></span><span class="auto-style327">    </span> <br class="auto-style327" /> <br class="auto-style327" /> <span class="auto-style327">  29. </span> <span class="auto-style7"><span class="style206"> <span class="style298"><span class="style294"> <span class="style330"> <a class="auto-style263" href="29%20San%20Pio%20church%202004,%20exhumation%20and%20transfer%202010.html">The masterpice of San Pio church by Renzo Piano.</a></span></span></span></span></span><span class="auto-style327">    </span> <br class="auto-style327" /> <br class="auto-style327" /> <span class="auto-style327">  30. </span><span class="auto-style263"> <a href="30%20Gold%20crypt%20and%20mosaics.html">S</a></span><span class="auto-style109"><a class="auto-style263" href="30%20Gold%20crypt%20and%20mosaics.html">pectacular gold crypt and mosaics by Jesuit artist Marko Rupnik.</a></span><span class="auto-style213"> <br class="auto-style328" /> </span><br /> </font><span class="auto-style109"> <br class="auto-style122" /> <span class="auto-style98"><strong> <span class="auto-style166"><span class="auto-style112"> <a class="auto-style373" href="2020%20Bibliografia%20Padre%20Pio.html"> Bibliography on Padre Pio.</a></span></span></strong></span></span><br class="auto-style327" /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> </td> <td class="auto-style238">  <br /> <span class="auto-style155"><span class="auto-style98"> <a class="auto-style325" href="'%2015%20Vita%20primi%20anni%20Francesco%20Forgione%20Padre%20Pio.html"> <strong>P. PIO: "LA MIA VITA PER OGNUNO DI VOI"</strong></a><br class="auto-style122" /> <br class="auto-style122" /> </span> <br class="auto-style339" /> <span class="auto-style98"> <a class="auto-style294" href="'%2015%20Vita%20primi%20anni%20Francesco%20Forgione%20Padre%20Pio.html">Nascita e primi anni in Pietrelcina. La casa, i genitori, le chiese, la Torretta, La Morgia, Piana Romana, gli amici, gli insegnanti. Con molte foto e dettagli.</a><br class="auto-style338" /> <br class="auto-style338" /> </span></span><span class="style43"> <a href="'%20%2015%20Le%20tre%20visioni.html"> <span class="auto-style254"><strong class="auto-style301">L'armata</strong></span></a></span><span class="auto-style234"><a class="auto-style254" href="'%20%2015%20Le%20tre%20visioni.html"><strong class="auto-style294"> </strong> </a></span><span class="style43"> <a class="auto-style157" href="'%20%2015%20Le%20tre%20visioni.html"> <span class="auto-style254"> <strong class="auto-style301">nera sconfitta dal giovane Padre Pio in una visione.</strong></span></a></span><span class="auto-style340"><strong class="auto-style294">  </strong> </span> <span class="auto-style108"> <span class="auto-style155"><br class="auto-style339" /> <br class="auto-style339" /> </span> </span><span class="auto-style110"> <a class="auto-style301" href="'%2015%20Vita%20Padre%20Pio%20da%20Morcone%20a%20Montefusco.html">Novizio a Morcone. Studente di teologia a Sant'Elia a Pianisi, San Marco La Catola, Serracapriola, Montefusco, e Gesualdo. Ordinato sacerdote in Benevento.</a></span><span class="auto-style155"><span class="auto-style339">    </span> <strong> <br class="auto-style339" /> <br class="auto-style339" /> </strong></span><strong> <span class="auto-style110"> <a href="'%2015%20Padre%20Pio%20Sacerdote%20e%20Soldato.html" class="auto-style301">Sacerdote a Pietrelcina e soldat</a></span><a href="'%2015%20Padre%20Pio%20Sacerdote%20e%20Soldato.html"><span class="auto-style301">o a Napoli </span></a></strong><span class="auto-style155"> <strong> <span class="auto-style1"> <a class="auto-style301" href="'%2015%20Padre%20Pio%20Sacerdote%20e%20Soldato.html">. Visita al convento di Gesualdo. Trasferimento al Convento dei Cappuccini in Foggia.</a></span></strong></span><strong><span class="auto-style339"></a></span><span class="auto-style155"><span class="auto-style339"> </span> </span> <span class="style48"> <br class="auto-style338" /> <br class="auto-style338" /> <span class="auto-style294"> <a href="'%2015%20Vita%20Il%20Sangue%20della%20Vittima%20Perfetta%20Padre%20Pio.html"> O</a></span></span></strong><strong><span class="auto-style98"><strong class="auto-style66"><span class="auto-style166"><a class="auto-style294" href="'%2015%20Vita%20Il%20Sangue%20della%20Vittima%20Perfetta%20Padre%20Pio.html">ffre la sua vita come vittima per i peccatori e le anime purganti. Riceve la transverberazione e le stimmate. Vittima Perfetta.</a></span></strong></span></strong><strong><span class="auto-style339">  </span> <span class="auto-style110"> <br class="auto-style339" /> <br class="auto-style339" /> </span> </strong><span class="auto-style98"><strong> <span class="auto-style166"> <a class="auto-style294" href="'%2015%20Vita%2050%20anni%20di%20stimmate%20sanguinanti%20P.%20Pio.html">Le Stimmate sono ispezionate dai medici Merla, Bignami, Romanelli, e Festa. Padre Gemelli visita il convento. Dr. Festa opera di ernia di Padre Pio. Il Sant'Ufficio manda inquisitori. e decreta isolamento e interdizione. Successivamente reintegrato, viene nuovamente investigato. Sedia a rotelle negli ultimi mesi . </a> </span> <br class="auto-style338" /> <br class="auto-style338" /> </strong> <span class="auto-style166"> <strong> <a class="auto-style294" href="'%2015%20Vita%20Chi%20e'%20Padre%20Pio.html">Chi e' Padre Pio. Numerosi testimoni riportarono le impressioni nella Messa, Confessioni e Rosari . Padre Pio paragonato all'Apostolo Paolo e a San Francesco di Assisi.</a></strong></span></span><strong><span class="auto-style339">   </span> <span class="style80"> <br class="auto-style339" /> <br class="auto-style339" /> </span> <span class="auto-style98"> <span class="auto-style166"> <a class="auto-style294" href="'%2015%20Vita%20Padre%20Pio%20VIP%20tra%20Cielo%20e%20Terra;%20profezie%20e%20prodigi.html">VIP tra Cielo e Terra: Profezie e Prodigi.   Padre Pio sapeva i fatti, leggeva nel cuore e nella mente, conosceva il futuro e il passato, aiutava tutti come poteva, </a> <a href="'%2015%20Vita%20Padre%20Pio%20VIP%20tra%20Cielo%20e%20Terra;%20profezie%20e%20prodigi.html"> <span class="auto-style294">spesso con guarigioni improvvise. Non disse mai no.</span></a></span></span></strong><span class="style48"><strong><span class="auto-style338"> </span> </strong> </span> <span class="auto-style155"><strong> <br class="auto-style339" /> <br class="auto-style339" /> <a class="auto-style301" href="'%2015%20Vita%20Padre%20Pio%20tra%20Purgatorio%20e%20Paradiso.html">Tra Purgatorio e Paradiso. Conosceva il momento della morte di una persona e spesso otteneva una proroga per prepararsi meglio. Sapeva se una persona si era salvata, e quanto tempo doveva passare in Purgatorio. Era in diretto contatto con le anime del Purgatorio. Sapeva se una persona era gia' in Cielo, e poteva accompagnare le anime in Paradiso. Radiazioni luminose.</a></strong><span class="auto-style98"><strong><br class="auto-style338" /> <br class="auto-style338" /> <a class="auto-style294" href="'%2015%20Vita%20Padre%20Pio%20tra%20Angeli%20e%20diavoli.html">Tra Angeli e diavoli. Padre Pio aveva la compagnia visibile quotidiana del suo Angelo Custode e se ne serviva il piu' possibile. I diavoli si presentavano frequentemente a Padre Pio, bastonandolo e facendogli ogni sorta di cattiverie.</a><br class="auto-style338" /> <br class="auto-style338" /> <a class="auto-style294" href="'%2015%20Vita%20viaggi%20Padre%20Pio%20%20Bilocazione%20e%20Profumo.html">Tra viaggi in Bilocazione e profumi. Padre Pio andò in bilocazione nei luoghi più impensati, persino sui campi di battaglia per salvare vite. Il profumo di Padre Pio fu sentito da molte persone in tante circostanze diverse.</a><span class="auto-style338">  </span><br class="auto-style338" /> </strong> <br class="auto-style338" /> <span class="auto-style122"> <a class="auto-style294" href="'%2015%20Vita%20Padre%20Pio%20dalla%20testa%20ai%20piedi.html">Dalla testa ai piedi. Padre Pio aveva frequenti malattie inesplicabili e febbri altissime. Mangiava pochissimo, usava sandali speciali a causa dei piedi sempre gonfi, e frequentemente piangeva a dirotto. </a></span><br class="auto-style338" /> <br class="auto-style338" /> <span class="auto-style122"> <a class="auto-style294" href="'%20%2015%20Vita%20Il%20frate%20volante%20e%20gli%20aviatori%20americani.html">Il frate volante e gli aviatori americani. Padre Pio fermò i bombardieri americani che stavano per distruggere il convento e il paese di San Giovanni Rotondo. Dettagli e testimonianze dell'epoca. </a></span> </span> </span> <span class="style48"> <span class="auto-style338">  </span> </span> <span class="auto-style98"> <span class="auto-style166"> <span class="auto-style218"> <br class="auto-style338" /> </span> </span> <span class="auto-style218"> <span class="auto-style166"> <br class="auto-style338" /> </span> </span> <span class="auto-style166"> <span class="auto-style338">  </span> <span class="auto-style218"> <a class="auto-style294" href="'%2015%20Vita%20Mary%20Pyle%20Maria%20l'Americana.html">Mary Pyle "Maria l'Americana". Nata a New York in una famiglia ricca e privilegiata, da collaboratrice di Maria Montessori divenne il braccio destro di Padre Pio</a></span></span></span><a href="'%2015%20Vita%20Mary%20Pyle%20Maria%20l'Americana.html"><span class="auto-style301">.</span></a><span class="auto-style98"><span class="auto-style166"><a class="auto-style218" href="'%2015%20Vita%20Mary%20Pyle%20Maria%20l'Americana.html"><br class="auto-style294" /> </a> <br class="auto-style338" /> <span class="auto-style122"><span class="auto-style237"> <a class="auto-style294" href="'%20%2015%20Casa%20Sollievo%20della%20Sofferenza.html">Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza". Una grandiosa testimonianza dell'amore misericordioso di Padre Pio per i poveri e gli ammalati, con il generosissimo apporto di Barbara Ward.</a></span></span><br class="auto-style338" /> <br class="auto-style338" /> <span class="auto-style122"> <a class="auto-style294" href="'%20%2015%20Vita%20Figlie%20e%20figli%20spirituali.html">Figli spirituali. Donne e uomini si misero sotto la protezione di Padre  diventando il nucleo fondamentale dei Gruppi di Preghiera. Ancora oggi è possibile diventare figli spirituali .</a></span><br class="auto-style338" /> <br class="auto-style338" /> <span class="auto-style122"> <span class="auto-style237"> <a href="'%20%2015%20Vita%20Clero.html"> <span class="auto-style294">Molti membri del clero e della gerarchia ecclesiastica furono amici di Padre PIo. Alcuni sono divenuti santi prima di lui.</span></a></span></span><span class="auto-style338">  </span> <br class="auto-style338" /> <br class="auto-style338" /> <span class="auto-style122"> <span class="auto-style237"> <a class="auto-style294" href="'%20%2015%20Quanta%20gente.html">Quanta gente! Padre Pio era sempre circondato da tanta gente. Tante foto a testimonianza della sua popolarità</a></span></span><span class="auto-style338">.<br /> </span> <br class="auto-style338" /> <span class="auto-style122"> <a class="auto-style294" href="'%2015%20Vita%20I%20luoghi%20di%20Padre%20Pio.html">La vita a San Giovanni Rotondo si svolse tutta in un piccolo spazio tra la cella, il coro, l'altare e il confessionale.</a></span><span class="auto-style338"> </span><br class="auto-style338" /> <span class="auto-style155"> <strong> <br class="auto-style338" /> </strong> </span> </span> <strong> <span class="auto-style166"> <a class="auto-style294" href="'%2015%20Vita%20Le%20ultime%20ore%20di%20Padre%20Pio.html">Le ultime ore di Padre Pio. Le testimonianze di Padre Pellegrino, dottor Sala, Padre Carmelo, il dr. Scarale, Padre Giacomo, e altri.</a></span></strong><span class="auto-style166"><strong><span class="auto-style338"> </span></strong></span> <strong><span class="auto-style166"><br class="auto-style338" /> </span> </strong> <span class="auto-style166"><strong><span class="auto-style155"> <br class="auto-style338" /> </span> </strong> <span class="auto-style122"> <a class="auto-style294" href="'%2015%20Vita%20Consiglia%20De%20Martino%20e%20Matteo%20Pio%20Colella.html">Beatificazione e Canonizzazione possibili per i miracoli ricevuti da Consiglia Lina De Martino e Matteo Pio Colella.</a></span><strong><br class="auto-style338" /> <br class="auto-style338" /> <a class="auto-style294" href="'%2015%20Vita%20%20Nuova%20Chiesa%20di%20San%20Pio.html">La nuova chiesa di San Pio, progettata da Renzo Piano. La discesa in pendenza che porta alla chiesa inferiore o cripta, è adornata da stupendi mosaici rappresentati la vita di Padre Pio, di San Francesco di Assisi e di Gesù, è opera dello studio del Padre Gesuita Marko Ivan Rupnik.</a><br class="auto-style338" /> </strong></span><strong><span class="auto-style166"> <span class="auto-style112"> <a class="auto-style294" href="'14%20Vita%20di%20Padre%20Pio,%20Monumenti.html">Monumenti a Padre Pio in Italia e nel mondo.</a></span><span class="auto-style155"><span class="auto-style337"> </span><span class="auto-style237"><br class="auto-style338" /> </span> </span> <br /> <br />  <a class="auto-style294" href="'14%20Vita,%20Bibliografia.html">B</a></span></strong><span class="auto-style166"><strong><a class="auto-style294" href="2020%20Bibliografia%20Padre%20Pio.html">ibliografia </a> </strong> </span> <strong> <span class="auto-style166"> <span class="auto-style112"> <a class="auto-style294" href="2020%20Bibliografia%20Padre%20Pio.html">su Padre Pio.</a></span></span></strong><span class="auto-style155"><span class="auto-style166"><span class="auto-style112"><strong><br class="auto-style338" /> </strong> </span> <strong> <span class="auto-style112"> <br class="auto-style338" /> </span> </strong> </span> </span> </span> <strong> <span class="auto-style98"> <span class="auto-style121">  </span> </span> </strong> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="auto-style123" style="width: 617px"> <span class="auto-style217"><br /> <br /> <span class="auto-style316">Very rare and emotional videos of Padre Pio:</span><br class="auto-style257" /> <br /> <a class="auto-style257" href="https://gloria.tv/video/3GUsXAzf8FEM4sdQwcDPpfTeT">The great story of Padre Pio  (1:58:37)</a><br class="auto-style350" /> <span class="auto-style218"> <em> <a class="auto-style257" href="Padre%20Pio%20and%20Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima.wmv"> Arrival of the statue of our Lady of Fatima</a></em></span><em><span class="auto-style350"> </span> </em> <span class="auto-style353"> <em class="auto-style257"> (02:53)</em></span><br class="auto-style350" /> <span class="auto-style350"> </span><span class="auto-style218"><a href="Padre%20Pio%20wawing%20to%20the%20crowd%20with%20a%20white%20cloth.wmv"><em class="auto-style257">Padre Pio </em> </a></span><span class="auto-style166"> <em class="auto-style213"> <a class="auto-style272" href="Padre%20Pio%20wawing%20to%20the%20crowd%20with%20a%20white%20cloth.wmv"> <a class="auto-style257" href="Padre%20Pio%20wawing%20to%20the%20crowd%20with%20a%20white%20cloth.wmv">blessing and waving the handkerchief from the window</a></em></span><span class="auto-style350"></a></span><span class="auto-style166"><span class="auto-style350"> (02:07)</span><br class="auto-style350" /> <em> <a class="auto-style257" href="Padre%20Pio%20going%20to%20vote%20outside%20the%20convent%20and%20meeting%20the%20crowds.wmv"> Padre Pio goes in town to vote (01:24)</a><br class="auto-style350" /> </em> <a href="Padre%20Pio%20meeting%20people%20in%20the%20hallways%20and%20on%20the%20veranda.wmv"> <em class="auto-style257">Padre Pio meets the crowds</em></a><a class="auto-style257" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jPufKgGUPsc"> </a> </span><span class="auto-style350">(05:14)</span><span class="auto-style155"><span class="auto-style166"><br class="auto-style350" /> </span></span><span class="auto-style166"> <em class="auto-style112"> <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ABiEGG7GV7k" class="auto-style257">  </a></em></span><a href="Padre%20Pio's%20speech%20on%20May%205,1956%20Grand%20Opening%20of%20the%20Home%20for%20the%20Relief%20of%20Suffering.wmv"><em><span class="auto-style257">Padre Pio's speech on May 5, 1956 for the Inauguration of "Casa Sollievo</span></em></a>"<span class="auto-style350"> (01:13)</span><span class="auto-style218"><br class="auto-style350" /> </span> <a class="auto-style272" href="Casa%20Sollievo%20della%20Sofferenza.%2010th%20anniversary%20celebration.wmv"> "Casa Sollievo 10th anniversary 1966 (00:58)</a><br class="auto-style352" /> <em> <a class="auto-style272" href="L'Ultima%20Messa.%20The%20last%20Mass%20Celebrated%20by%20Padre%20Pio.wmv">Precious Video of the last Mass of Padre Pio (8:39)</a><br class="auto-style350" /> </em><span class="auto-style218"><em class="style43"> <a class="auto-style272" href="The%20Funeral%20of%20Padre%20Pio.wmv">The funeral of Padre Pio (08:05)</a></em></span><br class="auto-style350" /> <span class="style43"> <a class="auto-style272" href="Padre%20Pio's%20original%20videos,%20with%20introduction%20and%20observations.html"> Padre Pio's videos with introduction in English</a></span><br /> </span><span class="auto-style257"><br /> <br /> </span><span class="auto-style351">Prayers recited by Padre Pio in His own touching voice</span><span class="auto-style257"> </span><span class="auto-style226"> <br class="auto-style257" /> </span><span class="auto-style257">(with Italian and English text)</span><br class="auto-style257" /> <br class="auto-style257" /> <a class="auto-style257" href="18%20Audio%20video%20Angelus,%20Finestrella,%20Visit,%20Consecration,%20Fatima%20Novena%20and%20video.htm"> Live voice of Padre Pio</a><span class="auto-style350"> html</span><br class="auto-style122" /> <span class="auto-style218"> <a class="auto-style257" href="P.%20Pio%20Visit%20Sacrament.html">Visit to the very Holy Sacrament</a></span><span class="auto-style350"> html </span> <span class="auto-style218"> <br class="auto-style350" /> <span class="auto-style350"> Padre Pios own voice Sacrament wma (04:07)</span></span><br class="auto-style257" /> <br class="auto-style257" /> <span class="auto-style217"> <a class="auto-style272" href="P.%20Pio%20Angelus.html">Angelus Domini</a></span><span class="auto-style350"> (01:57)</span><br class="auto-style350" /> <span class="auto-style218"> <a class="auto-style257" href="P.%20Pio%20Visit%20Mary.html">Visit to the most Holy Mary</a></span><span class="auto-style350"> (02:42)</span><br class="auto-style350" /> <span class="auto-style218"> <a class="auto-style257" href="P.%20Pio%20Consecration%20Mary.html">Consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</a></span><span class="auto-style350"> (02:57)</span><span class="auto-style218"><br class="auto-style350" /> <a href="18%20Audio%20video%20Angelus,%20Finestrella,%20Visit,%20Consecration,%20Fatima%20Novena%20and%20video.htm"> <span class="auto-style257"> Fatima Novena day 1 (01:49)</span><br class="auto-style257" /> <span class="auto-style257"> Fatima novena day 2 (01:46)</span><br class="auto-style257" /> <span class="auto-style257"> Fatima novena day 3 (01:37)</span><br class="auto-style257" /> <span class="auto-style257"> Fatima novena day 4 (01:35)</span><br class="auto-style257" /> <span class="auto-style257"> Fatima novena day 5 (01:59)</span><br class="auto-style257" /> <span class="auto-style257"> Fatima novena day 6 (02:20)</span><br class="auto-style257" /> <span class="auto-style257"> Fatima novena day 7 (01:56)</span><br class="auto-style257" /> <span class="auto-style257"> Fatima novena day 8-9 (02:40)</span><br class="auto-style257" /> <span class="auto-style257"> Fatima novena day of the feast (01:41)</span></a><br class="auto-style257" /> <br class="auto-style257" /> </span><span class="auto-style257">Sandy's testimony</span><br class="auto-style257" /> <a class="auto-style257" href="Sandy%20PP%20vlr.wmv">Perfume testimony by SANDY on february 21, </a> <a class="auto-style273" href="Sandy%20PP%20vlr.wmv">2012</a><br /> <br /> <font color="#0000FF" face="Rockwell"> <font color="#0000FF" class="style246"> <span class="auto-style101"> <a class="auto-style312" href="'11%20PP%201%20pics/2013%20%20Awstats%20.jpg"> See Awstats : In 2013 thi web site received more than </a> <br class="auto-style122" /> <a class="auto-style312" href="'11%20PP%201%20pics/2013%20%20Awstats%20.jpg"> 200 million hits  from 208 Countries: 213,680,587 </a></span></font></font> <br class="auto-style122" /> <br class="auto-style257" /> <br /> <font color="#0000FF" face="Rockwell"><span class="style43"> <font color="#0000ff" face="Verdana"><span class="style146"><strong> <span class="style246"><span class="style10"> <span style="font-family: "Rockwell","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman""> <span class="style2"><span class="auto-style166"> <a class="auto-style361" href="mailto:peppino@swbell.com">E-mail</a></span></span></span></span></span></strong></span></font></span></font><br /> <br /> </td> <td class="auto-style104"> <span class="auto-style244"><br /> <br /> </span> <span class="auto-style292">Video di Padre Pio molto rari ed emozionanti:</span><br class="auto-style307" /> <br class="auto-style307" /> <a class="auto-style307" href="https://gloria.tv/video/3GUsXAzf8FEM4sdQwcDPpfTeT">La grande storia di Padre Pio (1:58:37)</a><br class="auto-style333" /> <span class="auto-style333"> </span><a href="Padre%20Pio%20wawing%20to%20the%20crowd%20with%20a%20white%20cloth.wmv"><em class="auto-style307">Padre Pio saluta dalla finestrella</em></a><span class="auto-style333"> (02:07)</span><br class="auto-style333" /> <em> <a class="auto-style307" href="Padre%20Pio%20going%20to%20vote%20outside%20the%20convent%20and%20meeting%20the%20crowds.wmv"> Padre Pio va a votare</a></em><span class="auto-style342"><em class="auto-style307"> </em> </span> <em> <span class="auto-style333">(01:24) </span> </em> <span class="auto-style166"> <em> <br class="auto-style333" /> </em> <a href="Padre%20Pio%20meeting%20people%20in%20the%20hallways%20and%20on%20the%20veranda.wmv"> <em class="auto-style307">Padre Pio incontra i fedeli</em></a></span><span class="auto-style333"> (05:14)</span><span class="style80"><br class="auto-style333" /> </span> <em> <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ABiEGG7GV7k" class="auto-style307">  </a></em><a href="Padre%20Pio's%20speech%20on%20May%205,1956%20Grand%20Opening%20of%20the%20Home%20for%20the%20Relief%20of%20Suffering.wmv"><span class="auto-style307">D</span><em><span class="auto-style307">iscorso Inaugurazione Casa Sollievo</span></em></a><span class="auto-style333"> (01:13)</span><span class="auto-style246"><br class="auto-style333" /> <a class="auto-style307" href="Casa%20Sollievo%20della%20Sofferenza.%2010th%20anniversary%20celebration.wmv"> Casa Sollievo decennale (00.58)</a></span><br class="auto-style333" /> <em> <a class="auto-style307" href="Padre%20Pio%20and%20Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima.wmv">Visita Madonna di Fatima</a></em><span class="auto-style341"><em class="style48"> (02:53)</em></span><span class="style43"><em class="auto-style244"><br class="auto-style333" /> </em></span><em class="style48"> <a class="auto-style305" href="L'Ultima%20Messa.%20The%20last%20Mass%20Celebrated%20by%20Padre%20Pio.wmv">Video dell'ultima Messa di Padre Pio poche ore prima di morire</a></em><span class="auto-style333"> (8:39)</span><span class="style43"><br class="auto-style333" /> <span class="auto-style218"><em class="style43"> <a class="auto-style307" href="The%20Funeral%20of%20Padre%20Pio.wmv">Il funerale di Padre Pio (08:05)</a></em></span></span><br class="auto-style307" /> <br /> <br /> <br class="auto-style307" /> <br class="auto-style307" /> <span class="auto-style292">Audio commoventi della voce di Padre Pio:</span><br class="auto-style307" /> <br class="auto-style307" /> <em class="auto-style246"> <a class="auto-style306" href="Angelus.wma"> A</a><a class="auto-style307" href="Angelus.wma">ngelus Domini</a></em><span class="auto-style332"><em class="style48"> (01:57)</em></span><br class="auto-style333" /> <em> <a class="auto-style307" href="Padre%20Pios%20own%20voice%20Sacrament.wma"> Visita al </a> </em> <a href="Padre%20Pios%20own%20voice%20Sacrament.wma"> <em class="auto-style307">SS. Sacramento</em></a> <span class="auto-style333">(04:07)</span><br class="auto-style333" /> <em> <a class="auto-style307" href="Padre%20Pios%20own%20voice%20Mary%20visit.wma">Visita a Maria </a></em> <a href="Padre%20Pios%20own%20voice%20Mary%20visit.wma"> <em class="auto-style307">Santissima</em></a> <span class="auto-style333">(02:42)</span><br class="auto-style122" /> <br class="auto-style122" /> <em> <a class="auto-style307" href="Padre%20Pios%20own%20voice%20Consecr.%20Mary.wma">Consacrazione a Maria</a></em><span class="auto-style122"><em class="auto-style248"> (02:57)</em></span><a href="https://gloria.tv/video/3GUsXAzf8FEM4sdQwcDPpfTeT"><br class="auto-style307" /> </a><br class="auto-style333" /> <span class="style43"> <a class="auto-style307" href="11%20Primo%20giorno%20di%20novena.m4a"> Novena Fatima giorno 1(01:57)</a><br class="auto-style333" /> <a class="auto-style307" href="12%20Secondo%20giorno%20di%20novena.m4a"> Novena Fatima giorno 2(01:46)</a><br class="auto-style333" /> <a class="auto-style307" href="13%20Terzo%20giorno%20di%20novena.m4a"> Novena Fatima giorno 3(01:37)</a><br class="auto-style333" /> <a class="auto-style307" href="14%20Quarto%20giorno%20di%20novena.m4a"> Novena Fatima giorno 4(01:35)</a><br class="auto-style333" /> <a class="auto-style307" href="15%20Quinto%20giorno%20di%20novena.m4a"> Novena Fatima giorno 5(01:59)</a><br class="auto-style333" /> <a class="auto-style307" href="16%20Sesto%20giorno%20di%20novena.m4a"> Novena Fatima giorno 6(01:56)</a><br class="auto-style333" /> <a class="auto-style307" href="17%20Settimo%20giorno%20di%20novena.m4a"> Novena Fatima giorno 7(02:40)</a><br class="auto-style333" /> <a class="auto-style307" href="18%20Ottavo%20e%20nono%20giorno%20di%20novena.m4a"> Novena Fatima giorno 8-9 (01:41)</a><br class="auto-style333" /> <a class="auto-style307" href="19%20Il%20giorno%20della%20visita%20a%20Madonna.m4a"> Novena Fatima giorno della festa (01:41)</a></span><br class="auto-style343" /> <br class="auto-style343" /> <span class="style43"><span class="auto-style157"> <span class="auto-style110"> <a class="auto-style307" href="2014%20Statistiche%20Webalizer%20per%20caccioppoli.com.htm"> Vedi statistiche di Webalizer</a></span></span></span><a href="2014%20Statistiche%20Webalizer%20per%20caccioppoli.com.htm"><span class="auto-style307">: </span></a><span class="style43"><span class="auto-style157"> <a class="auto-style307" href="2014%20Statistiche%20Webalizer%20per%20caccioppoli.com.htm"> Nel 2014 </a> <span class="auto-style110"> <a class="auto-style307" href="2014%20Statistiche%20Webalizer%20per%20caccioppoli.com.htm"> questo sito ha ricevuto </a><br class="auto-style122" /> <a class="auto-style307" href="2014%20Statistiche%20Webalizer%20per%20caccioppoli.com.htm"> più di 187 milioni di hits da utenti di 219 Nazioni  </a></span></span><br /> <br /> <br /> </span><font color="#0000ff" face="Verdana"><span class="style146"> <strong><span class="style246"><span class="style10"> <span style="font-family: "Rockwell","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman""> <span class="style2"><span class="auto-style166"> <a class="auto-style292" href="mailto:peppino@swbell.com">Posta</a></span></span></span></span></span></strong></span></font><span class="style43"><br /> </span></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="auto-style168" style="width: 617px; height: 887px;"> <br class="auto-style279" /> <br /> <span class="auto-style226"> <strong class="auto-style279">Fingerfood biography of Padre Pio </strong></span><span class="auto-style218"> <strong class="auto-style279">(13 parts)</strong></span><span class="auto-style217"><br class="auto-style279" /> <a class="auto-style279" href="01%20Padre%20Pio;%20child%20,%20novice,%20and%20friar.html">From child to young friar. </a> <a href="02%20San%20Giovanni%20Rotondo;%20Transverberation;%20Wounds%20Stigmata;%20examinations;.html" class="auto-style279">Bloody wounds.</a><span class="auto-style348">   </span> <a href="03a%20Padre%20Pio%20and%20temptation,%20devil,%20confession;%20meditation,%20prayer,%20rosary.html" class="auto-style279"> His words.</a><span class="auto-style348">   </span> <a href="03b%20Meeting%20Padre%20Pio;%20Spritual%20children;%20Home%20for%20the%20Relief%20of%20Suffering;%20Prayer%20Groups.html" class="auto-style279"> The crowds.</a><span class="auto-style348">   </span> <a class="auto-style279" href="06%20Padre%20Pio%20in%20his%20own%20words%20about%20God,%20Jesus,%20Holy%20Spirit,%20Mary,%20Guardian%20Angel.html">Quotes.</a><span class="auto-style348">  </span> <a href="05%20The%20Mass%20with%20Padre%20Pio;%20ecstases;%20gift%20of%20tears.html" class="auto-style279"> The Mass</a><span class="auto-style348">.  </span> <br /> <a href="04%20Padre%20Pio%20restrictions%2060's;%20death;%20Saint;%20exhumed;.html" class="auto-style279"> Death and triumph.</a><span class="auto-style348">   </span> <a href="07%20Padre%20Pio;%20new%20church%20and%20crypt.html" class="auto-style279"> Church and Crypt.</a></span><span class="auto-style349">  </span><span class="auto-style217"> <a href="07a%20golden%20crypt%20mosaics%20of%20the%20life%20of%20Padre%20Pio.html" class="auto-style279"> Mosaics of Padre Pio,</a><span class="auto-style349"> of </span> <a href="07b%20golden%20crypt%20mosaics%20of%20the%20life%20of%20Jesus.html" class="auto-style279"> Jesus,</a><span class="auto-style349"> and of </span> <a href="07c%20golden%20crypt%20mosaics%20of%20the%20life%20of%20Saint%20Francis.html" class="auto-style279"> St. Francis.</a><span class="auto-style348">  </span> <br /> <a class="auto-style279" href="Padre%20Pio's%20first%20class%20relics%20with%20certificates%20of%20authenticity.html">Relics.</a><span class="auto-style348">    </span> <a class="auto-style279" href="Padre%20Pio%20original%20painting%20and%20icon.html">Original painting and icon</a></span><br class="auto-style276" /> <span class="auto-style276"><br /> Padre Pio in 1000 pictures </span> <span class="auto-style279">(8+2 parts)</span><span class="auto-style217"><br class="auto-style279" /> <a class="auto-style279" href="1000%20pictures%20of%20Padre%20Pio.html">The beginning</a><span class="auto-style348">.   </span> <a class="auto-style279" href="1000%20pictures%20of%20Padre%20Pio%202.html"> College student.</a><span class="auto-style348">   </span> <a class="auto-style279" href="1000%20pictures%20of%20Padre%20Pio%203.html">Back in Pietrelcina.</a><span class="auto-style348">   </span> <a class="auto-style279" href="1000%20pictures%20of%20Padre%20Pio%204.html"> The wounds.</a><span class="auto-style348">  </span> <a class="auto-style279" href="1000%20Pictures%20of%20Padre%20Pio%205.html"> The Hospital.</a><span class="auto-style348">  <br />  </span><a class="auto-style279" href="1000%20pictures%20of%20Padre%20Pio%206.html">The man of God.</a><span class="auto-style348">   </span> <a class="auto-style279" href="1000%20pictures%20of%20Padre%20Pio%207.html"> The friends.</a><span class="auto-style348">  </span> <a class="auto-style279" href="1000%20pictures%20of%20Padre%20Pio%208.html"> The new church.</a> <a href="Padre%20Pio%20facts.html">Facts.</a> <a href="Padre%20Pio%20words.html">Words.</a><br class="auto-style348" /> <span class="auto-style99"><br /> <br class="auto-style279" /> <strong class="auto-style276">Close encounters of the special kind with Padre Pio </strong> </span></span> <strong class="auto-style279"><span class="auto-style218"> (2012) (21 parts)</span></strong><span class="auto-style217"><span class="auto-style99"><br class="auto-style279" /> <a class="auto-style279" href="Padre%20Pio%20biography%20English;%20Close%20Encounters%20of%20the%20special%20kind%20with%20Padre%20Pio%20in%20the%20hallway,%20backyard,%20downtown.html">Hallway, backyard and downtown.</a> <a class="auto-style279" href="Close%20encounters%20of%20a%20special%20kind%20with%20Padre%20Pio%20around%20the%20world,%20without%20leaving%20the%20convent..html">Going around the world. Ecstasy.</a><br class="auto-style348" /> <a class="auto-style279" href="Close%20encounters%20of%20Padre%20Pio%20with%20deceased%20souls%20in%20Purgatory,%20Guardian%20Angel,%20devil.%20His%20own%20words%20on%20temptation,%20virtues,%20life..html">Meets the souls in Purgatory. Angels and devils. Words of wisdom.</a><br class="auto-style348" /> <a class="auto-style279" href="Close%20encounters%20of%20Padre%20Pio%20and%20the%20American%20Servicemen,%20Mary%20Pile.html">American servicemen in WWII. Mary Pyle</a></span><span class="auto-style349">.    </span><span class="auto-style99"> <a class="auto-style279" href="Close%20encounters%20with%20Padre%20Pio%20in%20the%20Confessional.%20Baptisms,%20Communions,%20Weddings.html">Confessions and other sacraments.</a><br class="auto-style348" /> <a class="auto-style279" href="Close%20encounters%20of%20a%20special%20kind%20of%20Padre%20Pio%20with%20the%20Virgin%20Mary.%20The%20Rosary..html">Virgin Mary, Rosary</a><span class="auto-style349">.   </span> <a class="auto-style279" href="Close%20encounters%20of%20the%20special%20kind%20of%20Padre%20Pio%20with%20Jesus'%20Passion,%20receiving%20wounds%20on%20the%20hands,%20feet,%20side,%20shoulder,%20and%20an%20invisible%20crown%20of%20thorns.%20Examinations.html">Wounds Stigmata.</a><span class="auto-style349">   </span> <a class="auto-style279" href="Close%20encounters%20of%20the%20special%20kind%20of%20Padre%20Pio%20with%20Jesus'%20Passion%20in%20the%20Mass.html">Details of Padre Pio's Mass. </a> <br class="auto-style348" /> <a class="auto-style279" href="Padre%20Pio%20in%20his%20own%20words%20about%20hymself,%20God,%20Jesus,%20Holy%20Spirit,%20Church.html">Words of wisdom.</a> <a class="auto-style279" href="Padre%20Pio%20and%20his%20spiritual%20children.%20His%20words%20on%20meditation%20and%20prayer.%20Gift%20of%20tears.%20The%20Prayer%20Groups..html">Spiritual children and Prayer Groups.</a> <a class="auto-style279" href="Padre%20Pio's%20years%20in%20Pietrelcina%201883-1916%20child,%20novice,%20priest,%20soldier,%20ill,%20convalescent.html"> In Pietrelcina.</a><br class="auto-style348" /> <a class="auto-style279" href="Close%20encounters%20of%20the%20special%20kind%20of%20Padre%20Pio%20with%20inquisition%20(1919-1933).%20St.%20Mary%20of%20Graces.%20House%20for%20the%20relief%20of%20suffering%20.%20(1916-1957).html">Inquisition, church, hospital. </a> <a class="auto-style279" href="Close%20encounters%20with%20Padre%20Pio%20the%20most%20famous%20picture,%20children,%20blessings,%20at%20the%20ballots%20downtown,%20eating.html">Famous picture, daily life.</a> <a class="auto-style279" href="Close%20encounters%20of%20the%20special%20kind%20of%20Padre%20Pio%20with%20inquisition%20(1959-1963).%20Last%20years%20and%20death%20in%20San%20Giovanni%20Rotondo%20(1958-1968).html"> Investigation; last years.</a><br class="auto-style348" /> <a class="auto-style279" href="Close%20encounters%20of%20a%20special%20kind%20of%20the%20Capuchin%20friars%20with%20Padre%20Pio.html">Friars</a><span class="auto-style349">. </span> <a class="auto-style279" href="Padre%20Pio%20entombed,%20Blessed,%20Saint,%20exhumed,%20displayed,%20resting%20in%20the%20golden%20crypt.html">Resting places</a><span class="auto-style349">. </span> <a class="auto-style279" href="Close%20Ecounters%20golden%20crypt%20mosaics%20of%20the%20life%20of%20Padre%20Pio.html">Mosaics of Padre Pio</a><span class="auto-style349">, </span> <a class="auto-style279" href="Close%20encounters%20golden%20crypt%20of%20Padre%20Pio%20mosaics%20of%20the%20life%20of%20Jesus.html">Jesus</a><span class="auto-style349">, </span> <a class="auto-style279" href="Close%20encounters%20golden%20crypt%20of%20Padre%20Pio%20mosaics%20of%20the%20life%20of%20Saint%20Francis%20of%20Assisi.html">Saint Francis.</a> <a class="auto-style279" href="Padre%20Pio's%20first%20class%20relics%20with%20certificates%20of%20authenticity.html">Relics</a>.<a class="auto-style279" href="Padre%20Pio%20original%20painting%20and%20icon.html"> Painting and Icon</a><span class="auto-style349">. </span> <br class="auto-style279" /> <br /> <br class="auto-style279" /> </span><span class="auto-style97"> <span class="auto-style276">Padre Pio Officially Saint</span><br class="auto-style279" /> <span class="style48"> <a class="auto-style278" href="Padre%20Pio%20da%20Pietralcina.htm">CANONIZATION June 16, 2002: Padre Pio proclaimed saint.  With all the details of the ceremony including pictures, Pope's sermon, and Vatican bio. (English and Italian)</a></span><br class="auto-style279" /> <br /> <a class="auto-style278" href="Prayers%20with%20Padre%20Pio;%20prayers%20to%20Padre%20Pio.html">Prayers with Padre Pio, prayers to Padre Pio.</a><br class="auto-style279" /> <span class="auto-style277"> </span></span><a href="PADRE%20PIO%20and%20Cleonice.html" class="auto-style280">P</a><a class="auto-style279" href="PADRE%20PIO%20and%20Cleonice.html">adre Pio and Cleonice: 101 Questions and Answers</a></span><br class="auto-style279" /> <span class="auto-style279">   <a class="auto-style280" href="Padre%20Pio's%20original%20videos,%20with%20introduction%20and%20observations.html"> </a> </span><span class="auto-style217"> <a class="auto-style279" href="Padre%20Pio's%20original%20videos,%20with%20introduction%20and%20observations.html">P.Pio original videos with introductions and observations</a></span><br class="auto-style279" /> <br /> <font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#0000FF"> <span class="style6"><font color="#0000ff"> <span class="style275"><span class="style146"> <span class="style80"><strong class="auto-style7"> <font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#0000FF"> <span class="style48"> <a href="'%202014%20Padre%20Pio.pdf"> <strong class="auto-style278">Padre PIO: heavenly facts and words of wisdom</strong> <span class="style189"><em class="auto-style278">(2014)</em></span></a></span><span class="auto-style347">  </span> <span class="auto-style362">PDF<br /> <br /> <span class="auto-style97"> <span class="auto-style217"> <a class="auto-style279" href="Padre%20Pio%20bio.htm"> </a></span><a href="Padre%20Pio%20bio.htm">  </a> <span class="auto-style217">  <br class="auto-style279" /> <span class="auto-style276"><br /> Padre Pio in pictures, videos, and live voice</span><span class="style43"><span class="auto-style279"> </span></span><span class="auto-style277"> (2013; 4 parts)</span><span class="auto-style99"><br class="auto-style279" /> <a class="auto-style280" href="Padre%20Pio%20in%20pictures,%20videos,%20and%20live%20voice;%201.html"> F</a><a class="auto-style279" href="Padre%20Pio%20in%20pictures,%20videos,%20and%20live%20voice;%201.html">rom birth to the wounds</a></span><span class="auto-style349">.  </span><span class="auto-style99"> <a class="auto-style279" href="Padre%20Pio%20in%20pictures,%20videos,%20and%20live%20voice;%202.html"> Holy man of prayer</a><span class="auto-style349">. </span> <a class="auto-style279" href="Padre%20Pio%20in%20pictures,%20videos,%20and%20live%20voice;%203.html"> Meeting P. Pio</a><span class="auto-style349">. </span> <a class="auto-style279" href="Padre%20Pio%20in%20pictures,%20videos,%20and%20live%20voice;%204.html">Death and beyond</a><span class="auto-style349">. </span> <br class="auto-style348" /> <br /> <a href="Padre%20Pio%200-15%20(1887-1902).html">P. Pio through the years: 0-15</a>,</span></span></span></span><span class="auto-style97"><span class="auto-style217"><span class="auto-style99"><span class="auto-style363">   </span> </span> <span class="auto-style348"> <a href="Padre%20Pio%2016-27%20('03-'14).html">16-27</a>,</span><span class="auto-style279">   </span> <span class="auto-style348"> <a href="Padre%20Pio%2028-30%20('15-'18).html">28-30</a></span><span class="auto-style279">,   </span> <span class="auto-style348"> <a href="Padre%20Pio%2031-34%20('18-'21).html">31-34</a></span><span class="auto-style279">,   </span> <span class="auto-style348"> <a href="Padre%20Pio%2035-72%20('22-'59).html">35-72</a></span><span class="auto-style279">,   </span> <span class="auto-style348"> <a href="Padre%20Pio%2073-81%20('60-'68).html">73-81</a></span></span></span></font></strong></span></span></span></font></span></font><br class="auto-style349" /> </td> <td class="auto-style104" style="height: 887px"> <strong> <span class="auto-style166"><span class="auto-style249">  </span></span></strong><span class="auto-style292"><strong class="style48"><br /> </strong> <strong> San Pio da Pietrelcina</strong></span><strong><br class="auto-style307" /> <span class="auto-style155"> <a href="Padre%20Pio%20da%20Pietralcina.htm" class="auto-style307">16 giugno 2002 Canonizzazione di Padre Pio in Piazza San Pietro. Con molte immagini, discorsi del Papa, Bio dal sito ufficiale del Vaticano (Italiano e inglese)</a></span></strong><br class="auto-style307" /> <br /> <br class="auto-style307" /> <span class="auto-style305">Concisa bio</span><br class="auto-style292" /> <span class="auto-style292">Concisa biografia di Padre Pio, con breve testo e molte immagini, in diverse lingue:<br /> </span><span class="auto-style97"><span class="auto-style217"> <br class="auto-style307" /> <font size="7" face="Copperplate Gothic Light" class="style118"> <a class="auto-style307" href="Padre%20Pio%20bio,%20english.htm">Saint Pio from Pietrelcina (English)</a></font></span></span><br class="auto-style333" /> <span style="font-family: Copperplate Gothic Light"> <font size="7" class="auto-style217"> <a class="auto-style307" href="Padre%20Pio%20bio,%20Dutch.htm">Sint Pio uit Pietrelcina (Dutch)</a> <br class="auto-style333" /> <span style="color: blue"> <a class="auto-style307" href="Padre%20Pio%20bio,%20Finnish.htm">Pyhä Pio Pietrelcinasta</a></span><font face="Copperplate Gothic Light" size="7"><span class="style43"><a class="auto-style307" href="Padre%20Pio%20bio,%20Finnish.htm"> (Finnish)</a></span><span class="auto-style122"><b class="auto-style307">  </b></span></font><span class="auto-style333">  </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"> <br class="auto-style333" /> </span> <a href="Padre%20Pio%20bio,%20francaise.htm"> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman"> <span lang="FR" class="auto-style307">Saint-Pio de Pietrelcina</span></span></a><span style="font-family: Times New Roman"><a href="Padre%20Pio%20bio,%20francaise.htm"><font class="auto-style225"><span class="auto-style307"> (Fran</span></font></a></span><a href="Padre%20Pio%20bio,%20francaise.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman"><font class="auto-style225"><span lang="FR" class="auto-style307">ç</span></font></span></a><span style="font-family: Times New Roman"><a href="Padre%20Pio%20bio,%20francaise.htm"><span style="font-family: Copperplate Gothic Bold" class="auto-style225"><span class="auto-style307">aise)</span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"><span style="font-family: Copperplate Gothic Bold" class="auto-style225"><span class="auto-style218"><font size="7"><a class="auto-style307" href="Padre%20Pio%20bio,%20francaise.htm"> </a></font></span></span> </span></font></span><br class="auto-style333" /> <span style="font-family: Copperplate Gothic Light"> <font size="7" class="auto-style217"> <a class="auto-style307" href="Padre%20Pio%20bio,%20german.htm">Das Leben des Paters Pio(German)</a></font></span><br class="auto-style333" /> <span class="auto-style217"> <a class="auto-style307" href="Padre%20Pio%20bio,%20italiano.htm">San Pio da Pietrelcina (Italiano)</a></span><br class="auto-style333" /> <span style="font-family: Copperplate Gothic Light"> <font size="7" class="auto-style217"> <a class="auto-style307" href="Padre%20Pio%20bio,%20Polish.htm">Swiety Pio z Pietrelcina (Polish)</a></font></span><br class="auto-style333" /> <font face="Copperplate Gothic Light" size="7" class="auto-style217"> <a class="auto-style307" href="Padre%20Pio%20bio,%20Portuguese.htm">São Pio de Pietrelcina (Portuguese)</a></font><br class="auto-style333" /> <font face="Copperplate Gothic Light" size="7" class="auto-style217"> <a class="auto-style307" href="Padre%20Pio%20bio,%20Spanish.htm">San Pio de Pietrelcina (Spanish)</a></font><br class="auto-style333" /> <font color="#0000FF"> <font face="Copperplate Gothic Light" size="7" class="auto-style217"> <a class="auto-style307" href="Padre%20Pio%20bio,%20Swedish.htm">Helgonet Pio från Pietrelcina (Swedish)</a></font></font><br class="auto-style333" /> <span class="auto-style217"><span class="auto-style97"> <a class="auto-style307" href="Padre%20Pio%20bio.htm">Breve biografia di Padre Pio (con testo e molte </a> <br class="auto-style122" /> <a class="auto-style307" href="Padre%20Pio%20bio.htm">immagini; inglese e italiano)</a> <br class="auto-style333" />  <a class="auto-style307" href="Padre%20Pio%20foto.htm">Foto di Padre Pio</a></span></span><span class="style43"><span class="auto-style307"> </span></span><br class="auto-style307" /> <br class="auto-style307" /> <br class="auto-style307" /> <span class="auto-style292">Padre Pio TV</span><br class="auto-style307" /> <a class="auto-style306" href="I%20Doni%20profusi%20dallo%20Spirito%20Santo%20su%20Padre%20Pio.pdf">  </a><span class="auto-style110"><font color="#0000FF" face="Rockwell"><span class="auto-style186"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=37WXKWSsbdI" class="auto-style245">I</a><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=37WXKWSsbdI" class="auto-style323">nterviste su Padre Pio TV 2013: 1</a></span><span class="auto-style331"> </span> <span class="style146"><span class="auto-style155"> <span class="style80"> <span class="auto-style344">- </span></span></span></span> <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_tjQGB0y1eU&feature=c4-overview&list=UU6tZWEYfNqoF8XjF7xA-DHg"> <span class="auto-style323">2 </span></a><span class="auto-style331">-</span><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJatUFUHOGs&feature=c4-overview&list=UU6tZWEYfNqoF8XjF7xA-DHg"><span class="auto-style323"> 3</span></a><span class="auto-style185"><a class="auto-style305" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJatUFUHOGs&feature=c4-overview&list=UU6tZWEYfNqoF8XjF7xA-DHg"> </a></span><span class="style146"><span class="auto-style331">- </span> </span><span class="style80"> <span class="auto-style188"> <a class="auto-style305" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yYMQuFgP-To&feature=c4-overview&list=UU6tZWEYfNqoF8XjF7xA-DHg"> 4 </a> </span></span> <span class="auto-style331"> - </span> <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f6NI6clCwXI&feature=c4-overview&list=UU6tZWEYfNqoF8XjF7xA-DHg"> <span class="auto-style323"> 5</span></a> <span class="style80"> <span class="auto-style198"><span class="auto-style155"> <a class="auto-style305" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEVV7UknYzk&list=UU6tZWEYfNqoF8XjF7xA-DHg"> Ottobre 2014: Intervista e fotografie </a></span></span> <br /> <span class="auto-style218"> <a class="auto-style305" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GTE3uCVbsik">I fatti di Padre Pio: Settembre 2016: </a></span><span class="auto-style200"><span class="auto-style199" style="text-underline: single;"><span lang="IT"><a class="auto-style305" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GTE3uCVbsik">13,</a></span></span><span lang="IT" class="auto-style332">  </span></span><span lang="IT"><span class="auto-style200"><span class="auto-style199" style="text-underline: single;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-otjX5AOBw8" class="auto-style305">14,</a></span></span><span class="auto-style332">  </span><span class="auto-style200"><span class="auto-style199" style="text-underline: single;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UxhUx8LjABM" class="auto-style305">15,</a></span></span></span><span class="auto-style200"><span lang="IT" class="auto-style332"> </span> <span lang="IT" class="auto-style305"><span class="auto-style122"> </span></span></span><span lang="IT"><span class="auto-style200"><span class="auto-style199" style="text-underline: single;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UtZm0JTOzOA" class="auto-style305"><span lang="en-us">16</span>,</a></span></span><span class="auto-style332"> </span><span class="auto-style200"><span class="auto-style199" style="text-underline: single;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FfJWhkcnQ6M" class="auto-style305">17,</a></span></span></span><span class="auto-style200"><span lang="IT" class="auto-style332"> </span><span class="auto-style332">  </span></span><span lang="IT"><span class="auto-style200"><span class="auto-style199" style="text-underline: single;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xWngM_-s8Vk" class="auto-style305">18,</a></span></span></span><span class="auto-style200"><span lang="IT" class="auto-style332"> </span><span lang="IT"><span class="auto-style199" style="text-underline: single;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IYAQIq_Pcas" class="auto-style305">19,</a></span></span></span><span lang="IT"><span class="auto-style197"> </span><span class="auto-style200"> <span class="auto-style332"> </span></span></span><span class="auto-style200"><span lang="IT"><span class="auto-style199" style="text-underline: single;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oQaauXOOehI" class="auto-style305">20,</a></span></span></span><span class="auto-style197"><span lang="IT"> </span></span><span class="auto-style200"><span lang="IT"> <span class="auto-style332"> </span><span class="auto-style199" style="text-underline: single;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVPXLGCefKk" class="auto-style305">21,</a></span></span></span><span lang="IT"><span class="auto-style197"> </span><span class="auto-style200"> <span class="auto-style332"> </span></span></span><span class="auto-style199" style="text-underline: single;"><span class="auto-style200"><span lang="IT"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lz1M6EaAVMM" class="auto-style305">23</a></span></span></span></span></font></span><br class="auto-style122" /> <span class="style48"> <a class="auto-style323" href="2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/2019,%2024%20settembre.mp4">2019 Padre Pio Medico, 24 settembre</a> <a href="2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/2019,%2024%20settembre.mp4" class="auto-style323"> Rappa</a><span class="auto-style331">, </span> <a class="auto-style323" href="2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Campanile.mp4">Campanile</a><span class="auto-style305"><span class="auto-style334">, </span> </span> <a class="auto-style323" href="2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Bellantuono.mp4">Bellantuono</a><span class="auto-style331">, </span> <a class="auto-style323" href="2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Ricci,%20Gene.mp4">Ricci</a><span class="auto-style334">, </span> <a class="auto-style323" href="2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Contessa.mp4"> Contessa</a><span class="auto-style334">, </span> <a class="auto-style323" href="2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/TBC.mp4"> TBC</a><span class="auto-style334">, </span> <span class="auto-style305"> <a href="2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Padre%20Elia.mp4" class="style80"> Padre Elia</a></span></span><span class="auto-style307"><a href="2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Fra'%20Giovanni.mp4" class="style80">Fra' Giovanni</a></span><br class="auto-style122" /> <a class="auto-style323" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=atAnrunbVC0"> In cammino: 2019: Introduzione - Rappa</a><span class="auto-style331">; </span> <a class="auto-style323" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSljUdZ2wlo"> Stimmate - Campanile</a><span class="auto-style331">; </span> <a class="auto-style323" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hrnl-xbL3sg"> Pietrelcina - Bellantuono</a><span class="auto-style331">; </span> <a class="auto-style323" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gikjTmtNOGk"> Tizzani - Ricci</a><span class="auto-style334">; </span> <a class="auto-style323" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GNCC_51M-5E"> Malattia - TBC</a><span class="auto-style334">; </span> <a class="auto-style323" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nCYIu4Sr_Mw"> Soldato - Padre Elia</a><span class="auto-style334">; </span> <span class="auto-style307"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQuAZMAR15M&list=PL9G2hGNUeYr324tNY6gPfC4gL7kZN-Y4i&index=5&t=0s" class="style80"> Convalescenza</a></span><span class="auto-style334"> - </span> <span class="auto-style323"> <a href="2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Fra'%20Giovanni.mp4"> Fra' Giovanni</a><span class="auto-style122">; </span> </span> <span class="auto-style307"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Q7_u-nb12s" class="style80">Cadorna</a><span class="auto-style334"> - </span> </span> <span class="auto-style323"> <a href="2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Moribondo.mp4"> Moribondo</a><span class="auto-style122">;  </span> </span> <span class="auto-style307"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q2Mi-AZPq68&list=PL9G2hGNUeYr324tNY6gPfC4gL7kZN-Y4i&index=5&t=0s" class="style80">Lettere</a><span class="auto-style334"> - </span> </span><span class="auto-style323"> <a href="2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Salvitti.mp4">Salvitti</a>; </span><span class="auto-style307"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b7vdPWnDAgY&list=PL9G2hGNUeYr324tNY6gPfC4gL7kZN-Y4i&index=4&t=0s" class="style80"> Invidie e gelosie</a><span class="auto-style334"> - </span> </span><span class="auto-style323"> <a href="2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Brian%20John.mp4">Brian John</a><span class="auto-style122">;  </span> </span><span class="auto-style307"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7zhwno7srI&list=PL9G2hGNUeYr324tNY6gPfC4gL7kZN-Y4i&index=3&t=0s" class="style80">Gesù Bambino</a><span class="auto-style334"> - </span> </span><span class="auto-style323"> <a href="2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Paul%20Walsh.mp4"> Paul Walsh</a>; </span><span class="auto-style307"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SC2QTNrr_BM&list=PL9G2hGNUeYr324tNY6gPfC4gL7kZN-Y4i&index=3&t=0s" class="style80"> 2020: Figlie spirituali 1 </a><span class="auto-style334">- </span> </span><span class="auto-style323"> <a href="2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Anthony%20Fuina.mp4">Anthony Fuina</a><span class="auto-style122"> 1. </span> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p2QFCI8XGFc&list=PL9G2hGNUeYr324tNY6gPfC4gL7kZN-Y4i&index=1"> Figlie spirituali 2</a><span class="auto-style122"> </span> </span><span class="auto-style307"> <span class="auto-style334">- </span> <a href="2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Anthony%20Fuina%202.mp4" class="style80"> Anthony Fuina 2</a> </span><span class="auto-style333"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mXATSFZfG9A&list=PL9G2hGNUeYr324tNY6gPfC4gL7kZN-Y4i&index=2" class="style80">Figli spirituali</a></span><span class="auto-style331"> 1 - </span> <span class="auto-style323"> <a href="2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Anthony%20Fuina%203.mp4"> Anthony Fuina 3</a>  <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=snZCzHdXuhs&list=PL9G2hGNUeYr324tNY6gPfC4gL7kZN-Y4i&index=3&t=0s">Figli spirituali 2</a> - <a href="2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Alice%20Jones.mp4"> Alice Jones</a><span class="auto-style305"> 1;  <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jQGnm5sW0P8&list=PL9G2hGNUeYr324tNY6gPfC4gL7kZN-Y4i&index=1"> dottor Lotti </a></span><span class="auto-style307"> <span class="auto-style305"> - <a href="2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Alice%20Jones%202.mp4"> Alice Jones 2</a> </span></span> </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5CLPnFC4jmQ&list=UU6tZWEYfNqoF8XjF7xA-DHg&index=1"><span class="auto-style323">Vaticano</span></a><span class="auto-style323"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5CLPnFC4jmQ&list=UU6tZWEYfNqoF8XjF7xA-DHg&index=1"> </a>- </span><span class="auto-style307"> <a href="2020%20Doni/Doni%20mistici.mp4" class="style80">D</a></span><span class="auto-style323"><a href="2020%20Doni/Doni%20mistici.mp4">oni mistici</a>,  <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lgTI7b1MvjA&list=UU6tZWEYfNqoF8XjF7xA-DHg&index=1"> Restrizioni -</a> <a href="2020%20Doni/Doni%20mistici%202.mp4">Doni mistici 2</a> <br /> </span><span class="auto-style307"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3chHQyAXAvk" class="style80">Segregazione</a></span><span class="auto-style323"> - </span> <span class="auto-style307"> <a href="2020%20Doni/Doni%20mistici%203.mp4" class="style80">Doni mistici 3</a><span class="auto-style323">, </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x__XBt7mut8" class="style80">Casa Sollievo</a><span class="auto-style323"> - </span> <span class="auto-style305"> <a href="2020%20Doni/Doni%20mistici%204.mp4" class="style80">Doni mistic 4, </a></span> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UoRhoCeBWJg&list=UU6tZWEYfNqoF8XjF7xA-DHg&index=3" class="style80"> Giametta</a></span><span class="auto-style323"> - </span> <span class="auto-style307"> <span class="auto-style305"> <a href="2020%20Doni/Doni%20mistici%205.mp4" class="style80">Doni mistici 5</a><span class="auto-style323">, </span> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K8cQsB7SoAw&list=UU6tZWEYfNqoF8XjF7xA-DHg&index=1" class="style80">Inizio lavori</a><span class="auto-style323"> - </span> <a href="2020%20Doni/Doni%20mistici%206.mp4" class="style80">Doni mistici 6</a></span><span class="auto-style323"><span class="auto-style305">, </span></span> <span class="auto-style305"><span class="auto-style323"> Ospedale - </span> <a href="2020%20Doni/Doni%20mistici%207.mp4" class="style80">Doni mistici 7</a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="auto-style123" style="width: 617px">     <span class="style48">  </span><font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#0000FF"><span class="style6"><font color="#0000ff"><span class="style275"><span class="style146"><span class="style80"><strong class="auto-style7"><font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#0000FF"><a href="Duccio%20-%20Leonardo.htm" title="Madonna and Child: famous paintings by Duccio, Gentile, Ghirlandaio, Giotto, Leonardo and many others from D to L."><img src="Duccio%20The-Madonna-and-Child-128%20(2)_small.jpg" width="146" height="197" class="auto-style220" xthumbnail-orig-image="mysite/Madonna and Child/Duccio/Duccio The-Madonna-and-Child-128 (2).jpg"></a><span class="style48">  <br /> </span> <font face="Verdana"> <a class="auto-style267" href="M.%20Angelico.htm" title="Madonna and Child high resolution paintings by Beato Angelico and others.">Mary and baby Jesus paintings by</a>:</font></font></strong></span></span></span></font></span></font></td> <td class="auto-style104"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p> <font color="#0000FF" face="Rockwell"><span class="style43"> <font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#0000FF"> <span class="style6"> <font color="#0000ff"><span class="style146"><span class="style48"> <strong><span class="style246"><span class="style11"> <span class="style10"> <span style="font-family: "Rockwell","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman""> <span class="style2"><span class="style14"> <span class="style57"> <span class="style12"> <span class="style68"> <font color="#0000FF" face="Rockwell" size="2"> <span class="style206"> <font color="#0000ff" face="Verdana" size="2"> <span class="auto-style101">    </span><span class="style152"><span class="style275"><span class="style80"><strong class="auto-style7"><font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#0000FF"><a class="style10" href="M.%20Angelico.htm" title="Madonna and Child high resolution paintings by Beato Angelico and others."><span class="auto-style321"> </span></a><span class="auto-style321"> <a class="style10" href="M.%20Angelico.htm" title="Madonna and Child high resolution paintings by Beato Angelico and others."> Quadri della Madonna con Bambino dipinti da: </a></span></font></strong></span></span></span></font></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></strong></span></span></font></span></font> </span></font> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">  </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <font color="#0000FF" face="Rockwell"><span class="style43"> <font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#0000FF"> <span class="style6"> <font color="#0000ff"><span class="style146"><span class="style48"> <strong><span class="style246"><span class="style11"> <span class="style10"> <span style="font-family: "Rockwell","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman""> <span class="style2"><span class="style14"> <span class="style57"> <span class="style12"> <span class="style68"> <font color="#0000FF" face="Rockwell" size="2"> <span class="style206"> <font color="#0000ff" face="Verdana" size="2"> <span class="style152"> <span class="style275"><span class="style80"> <strong class="auto-style7"> <font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#0000FF"> <span class="auto-style317"> <a class="style10" href="M.%20Angelico.htm" title="Madonna and Child high resolution paintings by Beato Angelico and others."> A</a><a href="M.%20Angelico.htm" title="Madonna and Child high resolution paintings by Beato Angelico and others.">ngelico</a></span><a href="M.%20Angelico.htm"><span class="auto-style317">,</span></a></span><font face="Verdana" size="2"><span class="auto-style345">    </span> <span class="style10"> <a href="M.%20Bellini.htm" title="Madonna and Child high resolution paintings by Bellini and others."> <span class="auto-style317">Bellini Benson Bicci Bonfigli,</span></a><span class="auto-style345">    </span> <a href="M.%20Botticelli.htm" title="Madonna and Child high resolution paintings by Botticelli and others."> <span class="auto-style317">Botticelli Campin Caporali Carpaccio,</span></a><span class="auto-style345">    </span> <a href="M.%20Correggio.htm" title="Madonna and Child high resolution paintings by Correggio and others."> <span class="auto-style317">Correggio Cricelli David Gerard Dietisalvi Domenico,</span></a><span class="auto-style345">    </span> <a href="M.%20Duccio.htm" title="Madonna and Child high resolution paintings by Duccio da Boninsegna and others."> <span class="auto-style317">Duccio Durer Eyck Faffei Lippi Flandes,</span></a><span class="auto-style345">   </span> <a href="M.%20Gentile%20da%20Fabriano.htm" title="Madonna and Child high resolution paintings by Gentile da Fabriano and others."> <span class="auto-style317">Gentile Gentileschi Ghirlandaio Giambono,</span></a><span class="auto-style345">    </span> <a href="M.%20Giotto.htm" title="Madonna and Child high resolution paintings by 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title="Madonna and Child high resolution paintings by Raffaello Sanzio and others."> <span class="auto-style317">Raffaello 1</span></a><span class="auto-style345">, </span> <a href="M.%20Raffaello%202.htm" title="More Madonna and Child high resolution paintings by Raffaello Sanzio and others."> <span class="auto-style317">Raffaello 2 Rubens Sano Santi Sassetta Schongauer Segni Signorelli Soest,</span></a><span class="auto-style345">  </span> <a href="M.%20Tiziano.htm" title="Madonna and Child high resolution paintings by Tiziano Vecellio and others."> <span class="auto-style317">Tiziano Tura Veronese Verrocchio Vivarini Weyden.</span></a></span></font><span class="style10"><br class="auto-style317" /> </span> </font></strong></span></span> </span> <span class="style10"> <span class="style10"> <span class="style10"> <span class="style10"> <span class="style10"> <span class="style10"> <span class="style10"> <span class="style10"> <span class="style10"> <span class="style10"> <span class="style10">   </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </font></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></strong></span></span></font></span></font><br class="style48" /> </span></font> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="auto-style123" style="width: 617px"> <p class="auto-style1"> <font color="#0000FF" face="Rockwell"> <span class="auto-style312"> This site was started on July 1, 1997 </span></font></p> <p class="auto-style1">  </p> <p class="auto-style1"> <span class="style146"> <font color="#0000FF" face="Rockwell"> <strong><span class="auto-style312"> The sun never sets on this web site   </span></strong></font></span></p> <p class="auto-style1"> <span class="style146"> <font color="#0000FF" face="Rockwell"> <strong><span class="auto-style312">  </span></strong></font></span></p> <p class="auto-style115"> <font color="#0000FF" face="Rockwell"> <span class="style206"><font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#0000FF"><span class="style6"> <font size="2" color="#0000ff"><span class="style200"><span class="style131"><span class="style275"><span class="style146"><span class="style80"><strong><font color="#0000FF" face="Rockwell"> <span class="auto-style116">Last update Ultimo aggiornamento: Sunday, August 07, 2022</span><span class="auto-style312"> </span></font></strong></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></font></span></font></p> </td> <td class="auto-style104"> <span class="auto-style157">   </span><font color="#0000FF" face="Rockwell"><span class="auto-style307"><br /> Su questo sito non tramonta mai il sole</span><span class="style48"> <br class="auto-style305" /> <br class="auto-style305" /> </span><span class="auto-style307"> Questo sito fu iniziato il Primo Luglio del 1997</span></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="auto-style3" style="width: 617px"> <p class="auto-style1">  </p> <p class="auto-style115">  </p> </td> <td class="auto-style104">  </td> </tr> </table> 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href="Family%201.html"> <span class="auto-style120">relatives and friends, parenti e amici</span></a></p> <p class="auto-style108"> </p> <p class="auto-style1"> </p> </td> <td class="auto-style365"><br /> a<img height="79" src="2020%20Lino%20e%20Ida/Nina%20%20%20Monochrome.png" width="63" /><br /> <a class="auto-style237" href="https://www.monochromecollective.com"> Nina's Monochrome</a> <a class="auto-style237" href="https://www.monochromecollective.com"> Collective</a><br class="style80" /> <a href="Nina%20Honolulu.html">Pics</a></td> <td class="auto-style104"> <p class="auto-style1"> <a href="007%20After%20ceremony.htm" title="The newlywed Nina and Todd hangind around the front of St. Peters, for the official portraits with family and guests."><img border="3" class="auto-style2" height="67" src="0514%20(2)%20(2)_small.jpg" width="91" xthumbnail-orig-image="mysite/007 After ceremony/0514 (2) (2).jpg" /></a></p> <p class="auto-style153"><a href="000%20Tortilla%20Coast.htm">Nina and 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face="Verdana" size="2"> <a href="Matrimonio%20Lee%20e%20Audrey%201954.htm" title="Wedding pictures of Lee and Audrey Falk in 1954 in Manila."> <img class="auto-style145" height="52" src="pic0594%20(2)1_small.JPG" width="77" xthumbnail-orig-image="mysite/Matrimonio Lee e Audrey 1954/pic0594 (2)1.JPG" /></a><span class="style48"> </span></font></p> <p class="auto-style1"><font color="#0000FF" face="Rockwell"> <a href="Matrimonio%20Lee%20e%20Audrey%201954.htm"> <span class="auto-style120">Audrey and Lee </span></a></font></p> <p class="auto-style1"><font color="#0000FF" face="Rockwell"> <a href="Matrimonio%20Lee%20e%20Audrey%201954.htm"> <span class="auto-style120">Falk</span></a></font></p> </td> <td class="auto-style365"> <p class="auto-style1"><font color="#0000FF" face="Verdana" size="2"> <a href="Salvatore%20e%20Gaetana%20Caccioppoli.htm" title="Salvatore and Gaetana Caccioppoli received the miracle that prompted the beatification of Gaetano Errico. 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The end.</p> </body> </html>

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font-family: "Bahnschrift SemiLight SemiConde"; } .auto-style374 { text-decoration: none; font-family: "Lucida Calligraphy"; } .auto-style375 { font-size: small; font-family: "Bahnschrift SemiBold Condensed"; } .auto-style376 { border: 2px solid #0000FF; text-align: center; font-size: small; } | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | **[PADRE PIO: "MY LIFE FOR EACH OF YOU."](1%20Francesco%20Forgione%20in%20Pietrelcina.html)** [Who is Padre Pio](Who%20is%20Padre%20Pio.html) ["Padre Pio: Heavenly Facts and Words of Wisdom"](Heavenly%20Facts.%20June%202019.pdf) [Revised June 2019 PDF](Heavenly%20Facts.%20June%202019.pdf) [From the Blog of Dr. Vincent Di Stefano, from Australia: "In the presence of the Transcendent. Giuseppe Caccioppoli and Padre Pio of Pietrelcina.](http://lavianuminosa.blogspot.com/2018/02/in-presence-of-transcendent-giuseppe.html)" [Bibliography of Padre Pio](2020%20Bibliografia%20Padre%20Pio.html) [(2020)](2020%20Bibliografia%20Padre%20Pio.html) [WEBCAM SGR](https://www.skylinewebcams.com/en/webcam/italia/puglia/foggia/padre-pio-santuario.html) [Vat](http://www.comunicazione.va/it/servizi/live.html) [email](mailto:g@caccioppoli.com) | Padre Pio | [**PADRE PIO. Mille Fatti e Sante Parole**](Padre%20Pio.%20Mille%20Fatti%20e%20Sante%20Parole.pdf)[**I Pensieri, Consigli, Opere ed Intercessioni di un Grande Santo** **Novembre 2020 PDF** **\***](Padre%20Pio.%20Mille%20Fatti%20e%20Sante%20Parole.pdf)**[La vita di Padre Pio anno per anno, giorno dopo giorno"](2018%20Padre%20Pio/'''%20000%20INDICE.html) (Dalla culla agli Altari. Con abbondanza di foto e dettagli.)** **\*** [I doni profusi dallo Spirito Santo su Padre Pio"](I%20Doni%20profusi%20dallo%20Spirito%20Santo%20su%20Padre%20Pio.pdf) **PDF **\*** [Bibliografia di Padre Pio (2020)](2020%20Bibliografia%20Padre%20Pio.html)** [WEBCAM](https://www.operapadrepio.it/it/ospedale/webcam.html) [SGR](https://www.skylinewebcams.com/en/webcam/italia/puglia/foggia/padre-pio-santuario.html) [Vat](http://www.comunicazione.va/it/servizi/live.html) [email](mailto:g@caccioppoli.com) | | | | | --- | --- | | [Giuseppe Caccioppoli su Padre Pio TV](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=37WXKWSsbdI): | [2013 interviste: uno](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=37WXKWSsbdI) [due](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_tjQGB0y1eU&feature=c4-overview&list=UU6tZWEYfNqoF8XjF7xA-DHg) [tre](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJatUFUHOGs&feature=c4-overview&list=UU6tZWEYfNqoF8XjF7xA-DHg) [quattro](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yYMQuFgP-To&feature=c4-overview&list=UU6tZWEYfNqoF8XjF7xA-DHg) [cinque](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f6NI6clCwXI&feature=c4-overview&list=UU6tZWEYfNqoF8XjF7xA-DHg) [Ottobre 2014: Intervista e foto](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEVV7UknYzk&list=UU6tZWEYfNqoF8XjF7xA-DHg) **2016 Fatti di Padre Pio**: ["Io vedo e sento tutto"](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GTE3uCVbsik). [Margherita Cassano.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-otjX5AOBw8) [Il baciamano](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UxhUx8LjABM). [Padre Paolo](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UtZm0JTOzOA). [Eventi futuri.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FfJWhkcnQ6M) ["Tra una settimana.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xWngM_-s8Vk)" [L](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IYAQIq_Pcas)[e proroghe](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IYAQIq_Pcas). "[Ci penso io.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oQaauXOOehI)" [Tempo di guerra.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVPXLGCefKk)[L'aldilà](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lz1M6EaAVMM). [**2019 P. Pio Medico:**](2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/2019,%2024%20settembre.mp4) [Rappa](2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/2019,%2024%20settembre.mp4), [Campanile](2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Campanile.mp4), [Bellantuono](2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Bellantuono.mp4), [Ricci](2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Ricci,%20Gene.mp4), [Contessa](2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Contessa.mp4), [TBC](2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/TBC.mp4), [Padre Elia](2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Padre%20Elia.mp4), [Fra' Giovanni](2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Fra'%20Giovanni.mp4), [Moribondo](2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Moribondo.mp4), [Angelo Salvitti](2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Salvitti.mp4), [Brian John](2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Brian%20John.mp4), [Paul Walsh](2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Paul%20Walsh.mp4). [**2020 prima del virus:**](2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Anthony%20Fuina.mp4) [Anthony Fuina](2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Anthony%20Fuina.mp4) 1, [Anthony Fuina 2](2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Anthony%20Fuina%202.mp4), [Anthony Fuina 3](2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Anthony%20Fuina%203.mp4), [A](2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Alice%20Jones.mp4)[lice Jones](2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Alice%20Jones.mp4) 1, [Alice Jones 2](2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Alice%20Jones%202.mp4) [Doni mistici 1,](2020%20Doni/Doni%20mistici.mp4) [Doni mistici 2](2020%20Doni/Doni%20mistici%202.mp4), [Doni mistici 3](2020%20Doni/Doni%20mistici%203.mp4), [Doni mistici 4,](2020%20Doni/Doni%20mistici%204.mp4) [Doni mistici 5](2020%20Doni/Doni%20mistici%205.mp4), [Doni mistici 6](2020%20Doni/Doni%20mistici%206.mp4), [Doni mistici](2020%20Doni/Doni%20mistici%207.mp4) [2019 In cammino con Padre Pio: Introduzione](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=atAnrunbVC0), [Stimmate](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSljUdZ2wlo), [Pietrelcina](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hrnl-xbL3sg), [Tizzani](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gikjTmtNOGk), [Malattia](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GNCC_51M-5E), S[oldato](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nCYIu4Sr_Mw), [Convalescenza](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQuAZMAR15M&list=PL9G2hGNUeYr324tNY6gPfC4gL7kZN-Y4i&index=5&t=0s), [Cadorna](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Q7_u-nb12s), [Lettere](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q2Mi-AZPq68&list=PL9G2hGNUeYr324tNY6gPfC4gL7kZN-Y4i&index=5&t=0s), [Invidie](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b7vdPWnDAgY&list=PL9G2hGNUeYr324tNY6gPfC4gL7kZN-Y4i&index=4&t=0s), [Gesù Bambino](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7zhwno7srI&list=PL9G2hGNUeYr324tNY6gPfC4gL7kZN-Y4i&index=3&t=0s). [2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SC2QTNrr_BM&list=PL9G2hGNUeYr324tNY6gPfC4gL7kZN-Y4i&index=3&t=0s)[020 prima del virus: Figlie spirituali 1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SC2QTNrr_BM&list=PL9G2hGNUeYr324tNY6gPfC4gL7kZN-Y4i&index=3&t=0s), [Figlie 2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p2QFCI8XGFc&list=PL9G2hGNUeYr324tNY6gPfC4gL7kZN-Y4i&index=1), [Figli](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mXATSFZfG9A&list=PL9G2hGNUeYr324tNY6gPfC4gL7kZN-Y4i&index=2) 1, [Figli 2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=snZCzHdXuhs&list=PL9G2hGNUeYr324tNY6gPfC4gL7kZN-Y4i&index=3&t=0s), [dottor Lotti](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jQGnm5sW0P8&list=PL9G2hGNUeYr324tNY6gPfC4gL7kZN-Y4i&index=1), [V](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5CLPnFC4jmQ&list=UU6tZWEYfNqoF8XjF7xA-DHg&index=1)[aticano](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5CLPnFC4jmQ&list=UU6tZWEYfNqoF8XjF7xA-DHg&index=1), [Restrizioni](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lgTI7b1MvjA&list=UU6tZWEYfNqoF8XjF7xA-DHg&index=1), [Segregazione](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3chHQyAXAvk), [Casa Sollievo](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x__XBt7mut8), [Giametta](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UoRhoCeBWJg&list=UU6tZWEYfNqoF8XjF7xA-DHg&index=3), [Inizio lavori ospedale.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K8cQsB7SoAw&list=UU6tZWEYfNqoF8XjF7xA-DHg&index=1) | | | | | --- | --- | | **[PADRE PIO: "MY LIFE FOR EACH OF YOU."](1%20Francesco%20Forgione%20in%20Pietrelcina.html)** ***De****tailed bio, spectacular pictures, very rare videos and audios.* 1. [Birth and childhood of Francesco Forgione in Pietrelcina.](1%20Francesco%20Forgione%20in%20Pietrelcina.html) [2. Francesco Forgione becomes Padre Pio da Pietrelcina: Novice in Morcone, theology student in Sant'Elia a Pianisi, San Marco la Catola, Serracapriola, Montefusco, and Gesualdo. Ordained p](2%20Novice%20in%20Morcone;%20student%20in%20Pianisi,%20Catola,%20Capriola,%20Fusco,%20Gesualdo;%20priest%20in%20Benevento.html)[riest in Benevento.](2%20Novice%20in%20Morcone;%20student%20in%20Pianisi,%20Catola,%20Capriola,%20Fusco,%20Gesualdo;%20priest%20in%20Benevento.html) 3. [Seven years passed sick at home in Pietrelcina after becoming a priest. Early ministry. Receives the invisible wounds.](3%20Ministry%20in%20Pietrelcina;%20invisible%20wounds.html) 4. [Padre Pio enlisted for 3 years of Military service in the Italian Army. He is stationed in Napoli during World War I.](4%20Military%20service%20of%20Padre%20Pio.html) 5. [Padre Pio receives the Transverberation of the heart and the five Wounds.](5%20Seraphic%20college,%20Transverberation,%20Stigmata.html) 6. [The wounds are examined by drs. Merla, Bignami, Romanelli, Festa.](6%20Examinations%20of%20the%20wounds.html) 7. [T](7%20Inquisition.html)[he wounds are investigated multiple times by the Holy Office. Hernia operation. Decree of isolation.](7%20Inquisition.html) 8. [The building of the grand hospital "CASA SOLLIEVO DELLA SOFFERENZA](8%20Casa%20Sollievo%20della%20Sofferenza%20(with%20videos).html)[" and the gigantic input of Barbara Ward.](8%20Casa%20Sollievo%20della%20Sofferenza%20(with%20videos).html) 9. [Mary Pyle "Maria l'Americana". The heiress from New York offers her life for the poor, the friars, and the needs of Padre Pio."](9%20Mary%20Pyle%20'Maria%20l'Americana'.html) 10. [Padre Pio had many spiritual children, female and male, organized in Prayer Groups, and enrolled in the Third Franciscan Order, professing firm allegiance to the Pope and the Church.](10%20Spiritual%20children;%20Prayer%20Groups.html) 11. [P Padre Pio had the gift of PROFECY and read the souls and minds of people. Here are a few of the numerous facts reported and documented.](11%20Prophecy.html) 12. [Padre Pio never left the convent, but still was seen in BILOCATION around the world in many places, in every Continent. We report several of these episodes.](12%20Bilocation.html) 13. [For the process of Sainthood of Padre Pio many people reported, accompanied by medical documentation, complete, immediate and permanent HEALING through his intercession. We report several documented facts.](13%20Healing.html) 14. [The PERFUME of Padre Pio was smelled in the most unusual ways and locations. It was always the sign of his presence. Also, he was seen in ecstasy, and at times radiated luminosity around him.](14%20Perfume,%20radiance,%20ecstasy,%20levitation.html) 15. [While alive, Pio Pio visited hell, Purgatory and Heaven. He knew many things about the departed. He obtained reprives to extend life and better prepare. He was familiar with his guardian angel, and was frequently badly beaten by the devils.](15%20Purgatory,%20Heaven,%20two%20years%20reprieve,%20hell,%20Angels,%20devil.html) 16. [Padre Pio's Mass lasted between 90 minutes and 3 hours. It was like the Passion unfolding. He spent long hours in the Confessional, reproaching, transforming, and cleansing.](16%20Mass,%2011%20altars;%20confessions.html) 16a. [Padre Pio had an immense love for the Virgin Mary. He prayed the Rosary continuously.](16a%20Mary,%20prayer%20(choir,%20balcony),%20rosary,%20%20Fatima.html) 18. [You can hear the live voice of Padre Pio reciting "The Angel of the Lord", waving at the crowd from the window (finestrella), praying](18%20Audio%20video%20Angelus,%20Finestrella,%20Visit,%20Consecration,%20Fatima%20Novena%20and%20video.htm) [the "Visit to the most Holy Mary", "Consecration to the most Holy Heart" of Mary, "Novena in preparation to the visit of Madonna of Fatima", You may follow the voice in italian and read the text in Italian and English. See also the video of "1959 Madonna di Fatima visit to Padre Pio", in italian with english subtitles.](18%20Audio%20video%20Angelus,%20Finestrella,%20Visit,%20Consecration,%20Fatima%20Novena%20and%20video.htm) [19. Padre Pio met people in the St. Francis hall, administered Baptisms, First Communions, and weddings. Many pictures.](19%20Children.html) 20. [People would follow Padre Pio when he went downtown to vote in the Italian elections. He received a lot of mail. He enjoyed watching the religious plays](20%20voting.html)[. Many pictures.](20%20voting.html) 21. [Padre Pio's life evolved around the cells, the altars, the confessionals and the choirs](21%202%20cells,%202%20churches,%202%20sacristies,%202%20confessionals,%202%20refectories,%2012%20altars.html)[.](21%202%20cells,%202%20churches,%202%20sacristies,%202%20confessionals,%202%20refectories,%2012%20altars.html) 22. [Padre Pio had great personality traits, but](22%20Personality,%20health,%20fevers,%20tears,%20eating,%20sleeping,%20discipline;%20gloves,%20bloody%20shirts,%20shoes,%20grooming.html) [h](22%20Personality,%20health,%20fevers,%20tears,%20eating,%20sleeping,%20discipline;%20gloves,%20bloody%20shirts,%20shoes,%20grooming.html)[is health was poor. He ate very little, lost a lot of blood, wore special sandals because of the permanently swollen feet.](22%20Personality,%20health,%20fevers,%20tears,%20eating,%20sleeping,%20discipline;%20gloves,%20bloody%20shirts,%20shoes,%20grooming.html) 23. [Padre Pio used poetical expressions in his letters, and used to tell jokes frequently. Here are some of them.](23%20poetry,%20humor.html) 24. [Many quotes of Padre Pio regarding himself, life, virtues, defects, the Catholic Church, the Universe, are reported. St. Francis, St. Paul the Apostle, St. John of the Cross and Padre Pio side by side.](24%20Padre%20Pio's%20quotes,%20virtues,%20defects,%20Catholic%20Church,%20Francis,%20John,%20Paul,%20who.html) [Who really is Padre Pio.](24%20Padre%20Pio's%20quotes,%20virtues,%20defects,%20Catholic%20Church,%20Francis,%20John,%20Paul,%20who.html) 25. [Full ministry of Padre Pio. Investigations, restrictions. Last](25%20Full%20ministry,%20investigations,%20restrictions,%20last%20years.html) [y](25%20Full%20ministry,%20investigations,%20restrictions,%20last%20years.html)[ears.](25%20Full%20ministry,%20investigations,%20restrictions,%20last%20years.html) 26. [The last day of Padre Pio's life. Unique video of the last Mass. The last five hours detailed. Death. Video of the funeral.](26%20Last%20day,%20last%20hours,%20death,%20funeral;%20Way%20of%20the%20Cross.html) 27. [Padre Pio PERFECT VICTIM](27%20Padre%20Pio%20PERFECT%20VICTIM.html). 28.[The miracles received by Lina De Martino and Matteo Pio Colella, for the proclamation of Padre Pio Blessed and Saint.](28%20the%20miracles%20of%20Lina%20De%20Martino%20and%20Matteo%20Pio%20Colella.html) 29. [The masterpice of San Pio church by Renzo Piano.](29%20San%20Pio%20church%202004,%20exhumation%20and%20transfer%202010.html) 30. [S](30%20Gold%20crypt%20and%20mosaics.html)[pectacular gold crypt and mosaics by Jesuit artist Marko Rupnik.](30%20Gold%20crypt%20and%20mosaics.html) **[Bibliography on Padre Pio.](2020%20Bibliografia%20Padre%20Pio.html)** | [**P. PIO: "LA MIA VITA PER OGNUNO DI VOI"**]('%2015%20Vita%20primi%20anni%20Francesco%20Forgione%20Padre%20Pio.html) [Nascita e primi anni in Pietrelcina. La casa, i genitori, le chiese, la Torretta, La Morgia, Piana Romana, gli amici, gli insegnanti. Con molte foto e dettagli.]('%2015%20Vita%20primi%20anni%20Francesco%20Forgione%20Padre%20Pio.html) [**L'armata**]('%20%2015%20Le%20tre%20visioni.html) [**nera sconfitta dal giovane Padre Pio in una visione.**]('%20%2015%20Le%20tre%20visioni.html) [Novizio a Morcone. Studente di teologia a Sant'Elia a Pianisi, San Marco La Catola, Serracapriola, Montefusco, e Gesualdo. Ordinato sacerdote in Benevento.]('%2015%20Vita%20Padre%20Pio%20da%20Morcone%20a%20Montefusco.html) **[Sacerdote a Pietrelcina e soldat]('%2015%20Padre%20Pio%20Sacerdote%20e%20Soldato.html)[o a Napoli]('%2015%20Padre%20Pio%20Sacerdote%20e%20Soldato.html)** **[. Visita al convento di Gesualdo. Trasferimento al Convento dei Cappuccini in Foggia.]('%2015%20Padre%20Pio%20Sacerdote%20e%20Soldato.html)****[O]('%2015%20Vita%20Il%20Sangue%20della%20Vittima%20Perfetta%20Padre%20Pio.html)******[ffre la sua vita come vittima per i peccatori e le anime purganti. Riceve la transverberazione e le stimmate. Vittima Perfetta.]('%2015%20Vita%20Il%20Sangue%20della%20Vittima%20Perfetta%20Padre%20Pio.html)******[Le Stimmate sono ispezionate dai medici Merla, Bignami, Romanelli, e Festa. Padre Gemelli visita il convento. Dr. Festa opera di ernia di Padre Pio. Il Sant'Ufficio manda inquisitori. e decreta isolamento e interdizione. Successivamente reintegrato, viene nuovamente investigato. Sedia a rotelle negli ultimi mesi .]('%2015%20Vita%2050%20anni%20di%20stimmate%20sanguinanti%20P.%20Pio.html)** **[Chi e' Padre Pio. Numerosi testimoni riportarono le impressioni nella Messa, Confessioni e Rosari . Padre Pio paragonato all'Apostolo Paolo e a San Francesco di Assisi.]('%2015%20Vita%20Chi%20e'%20Padre%20Pio.html)****[VIP tra Cielo e Terra: Profezie e Prodigi. Padre Pio sapeva i fatti, leggeva nel cuore e nella mente, conosceva il futuro e il passato, aiutava tutti come poteva,]('%2015%20Vita%20Padre%20Pio%20VIP%20tra%20Cielo%20e%20Terra;%20profezie%20e%20prodigi.html) [spesso con guarigioni improvvise. Non disse mai no.]('%2015%20Vita%20Padre%20Pio%20VIP%20tra%20Cielo%20e%20Terra;%20profezie%20e%20prodigi.html)** **[Tra Purgatorio e Paradiso. Conosceva il momento della morte di una persona e spesso otteneva una proroga per prepararsi meglio. Sapeva se una persona si era salvata, e quanto tempo doveva passare in Purgatorio. Era in diretto contatto con le anime del Purgatorio. Sapeva se una persona era gia' in Cielo, e poteva accompagnare le anime in Paradiso. Radiazioni luminose.]('%2015%20Vita%20Padre%20Pio%20tra%20Purgatorio%20e%20Paradiso.html)****[Tra Angeli e diavoli. Padre Pio aveva la compagnia visibile quotidiana del suo Angelo Custode e se ne serviva il piu' possibile. I diavoli si presentavano frequentemente a Padre Pio, bastonandolo e facendogli ogni sorta di cattiverie.]('%2015%20Vita%20Padre%20Pio%20tra%20Angeli%20e%20diavoli.html) [Tra viaggi in Bilocazione e profumi. Padre Pio andò in bilocazione nei luoghi più impensati, persino sui campi di battaglia per salvare vite. Il profumo di Padre Pio fu sentito da molte persone in tante circostanze diverse.]('%2015%20Vita%20viaggi%20Padre%20Pio%20%20Bilocazione%20e%20Profumo.html)** [Dalla testa ai piedi. Padre Pio aveva frequenti malattie inesplicabili e febbri altissime. Mangiava pochissimo, usava sandali speciali a causa dei piedi sempre gonfi, e frequentemente piangeva a dirotto.]('%2015%20Vita%20Padre%20Pio%20dalla%20testa%20ai%20piedi.html) [Il frate volante e gli aviatori americani. Padre Pio fermò i bombardieri americani che stavano per distruggere il convento e il paese di San Giovanni Rotondo. Dettagli e testimonianze dell'epoca.]('%20%2015%20Vita%20Il%20frate%20volante%20e%20gli%20aviatori%20americani.html) [Mary Pyle "Maria l'Americana". Nata a New York in una famiglia ricca e privilegiata, da collaboratrice di Maria Montessori divenne il braccio destro di Padre Pio]('%2015%20Vita%20Mary%20Pyle%20Maria%20l'Americana.html)[.]('%2015%20Vita%20Mary%20Pyle%20Maria%20l'Americana.html) [Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza". Una grandiosa testimonianza dell'amore misericordioso di Padre Pio per i poveri e gli ammalati, con il generosissimo apporto di Barbara Ward.]('%20%2015%20Casa%20Sollievo%20della%20Sofferenza.html) [Figli spirituali. Donne e uomini si misero sotto la protezione di Padre diventando il nucleo fondamentale dei Gruppi di Preghiera. Ancora oggi è possibile diventare figli spirituali .]('%20%2015%20Vita%20Figlie%20e%20figli%20spirituali.html) [Molti membri del clero e della gerarchia ecclesiastica furono amici di Padre PIo. Alcuni sono divenuti santi prima di lui.]('%20%2015%20Vita%20Clero.html) [Quanta gente! Padre Pio era sempre circondato da tanta gente. Tante foto a testimonianza della sua popolarità]('%20%2015%20Quanta%20gente.html). [La vita a San Giovanni Rotondo si svolse tutta in un piccolo spazio tra la cella, il coro, l'altare e il confessionale.]('%2015%20Vita%20I%20luoghi%20di%20Padre%20Pio.html) **[Le ultime ore di Padre Pio. Le testimonianze di Padre Pellegrino, dottor Sala, Padre Carmelo, il dr. Scarale, Padre Giacomo, e altri.]('%2015%20Vita%20Le%20ultime%20ore%20di%20Padre%20Pio.html)** [Beatificazione e Canonizzazione possibili per i miracoli ricevuti da Consiglia Lina De Martino e Matteo Pio Colella.]('%2015%20Vita%20Consiglia%20De%20Martino%20e%20Matteo%20Pio%20Colella.html)**[La nuova chiesa di San Pio, progettata da Renzo Piano. La discesa in pendenza che porta alla chiesa inferiore o cripta, è adornata da stupendi mosaici rappresentati la vita di Padre Pio, di San Francesco di Assisi e di Gesù, è opera dello studio del Padre Gesuita Marko Ivan Rupnik.]('%2015%20Vita%20%20Nuova%20Chiesa%20di%20San%20Pio.html)****[Monumenti a Padre Pio in Italia e nel mondo.]('14%20Vita%20di%20Padre%20Pio,%20Monumenti.html) [B]('14%20Vita,%20Bibliografia.html)****[ibliografia](2020%20Bibliografia%20Padre%20Pio.html)** **[su Padre Pio.](2020%20Bibliografia%20Padre%20Pio.html)** | | Very rare and emotional videos of Padre Pio: [The great story of Padre Pio (1:58:37)](https://gloria.tv/video/3GUsXAzf8FEM4sdQwcDPpfTeT) *[Arrival of the statue of our Lady of Fatima](Padre%20Pio%20and%20Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima.wmv)* *(02:53)* [*Padre Pio*](Padre%20Pio%20wawing%20to%20the%20crowd%20with%20a%20white%20cloth.wmv) *[[blessing and waving the handkerchief from the window](Padre%20Pio%20wawing%20to%20the%20crowd%20with%20a%20white%20cloth.wmv)](Padre%20Pio%20wawing%20to%20the%20crowd%20with%20a%20white%20cloth.wmv)* (02:07) *[Padre Pio goes in town to vote (01:24)](Padre%20Pio%20going%20to%20vote%20outside%20the%20convent%20and%20meeting%20the%20crowds.wmv)* [*Padre Pio meets the crowds*](Padre%20Pio%20meeting%20people%20in%20the%20hallways%20and%20on%20the%20veranda.wmv) (05:14) [*Padre Pio's speech on May 5, 1956 for the Inauguration of "Casa Sollievo*](Padre%20Pio's%20speech%20on%20May%205,1956%20Grand%20Opening%20of%20the%20Home%20for%20the%20Relief%20of%20Suffering.wmv)" (01:13) ["Casa Sollievo 10th anniversary 1966 (00:58)](Casa%20Sollievo%20della%20Sofferenza.%2010th%20anniversary%20celebration.wmv) *[Precious Video of the last Mass of Padre Pio (8:39)](L'Ultima%20Messa.%20The%20last%20Mass%20Celebrated%20by%20Padre%20Pio.wmv)**[The funeral of Padre Pio (08:05)](The%20Funeral%20of%20Padre%20Pio.wmv)* [Padre Pio's videos with introduction in English](Padre%20Pio's%20original%20videos,%20with%20introduction%20and%20observations.html) Prayers recited by Padre Pio in His own touching voice (with Italian and English text) [Live voice of Padre Pio](18%20Audio%20video%20Angelus,%20Finestrella,%20Visit,%20Consecration,%20Fatima%20Novena%20and%20video.htm) html [Visit to the very Holy Sacrament](P.%20Pio%20Visit%20Sacrament.html) html Padre Pios own voice Sacrament wma (04:07) [Angelus Domini](P.%20Pio%20Angelus.html) (01:57) [Visit to the most Holy Mary](P.%20Pio%20Visit%20Mary.html) (02:42) [Consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary](P.%20Pio%20Consecration%20Mary.html) (02:57) [Fatima Novena day 1 (01:49) Fatima novena day 2 (01:46) Fatima novena day 3 (01:37) Fatima novena day 4 (01:35) Fatima novena day 5 (01:59) Fatima novena day 6 (02:20) Fatima novena day 7 (01:56) Fatima novena day 8-9 (02:40) Fatima novena day of the feast (01:41)](18%20Audio%20video%20Angelus,%20Finestrella,%20Visit,%20Consecration,%20Fatima%20Novena%20and%20video.htm) Sandy's testimony [Perfume testimony by SANDY on february 21,](Sandy%20PP%20vlr.wmv) [2012](Sandy%20PP%20vlr.wmv) [See Awstats : In 2013 thi web site received more than]('11%20PP%201%20pics/2013%20%20Awstats%20.jpg) [200 million hits from 208 Countries: 213,680,587]('11%20PP%201%20pics/2013%20%20Awstats%20.jpg) **[E-mail](mailto:peppino@swbell.com)** | Video di Padre Pio molto rari ed emozionanti: [La grande storia di Padre Pio (1:58:37)](https://gloria.tv/video/3GUsXAzf8FEM4sdQwcDPpfTeT) [*Padre Pio saluta dalla finestrella*](Padre%20Pio%20wawing%20to%20the%20crowd%20with%20a%20white%20cloth.wmv) (02:07) *[Padre Pio va a votare](Padre%20Pio%20going%20to%20vote%20outside%20the%20convent%20and%20meeting%20the%20crowds.wmv)* *(01:24)* [*Padre Pio incontra i fedeli*](Padre%20Pio%20meeting%20people%20in%20the%20hallways%20and%20on%20the%20veranda.wmv) (05:14) [D*iscorso Inaugurazione Casa Sollievo*](Padre%20Pio's%20speech%20on%20May%205,1956%20Grand%20Opening%20of%20the%20Home%20for%20the%20Relief%20of%20Suffering.wmv) (01:13) [Casa Sollievo decennale (00.58)](Casa%20Sollievo%20della%20Sofferenza.%2010th%20anniversary%20celebration.wmv) *[Visita Madonna di Fatima](Padre%20Pio%20and%20Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima.wmv)* *(02:53)**[Video dell'ultima Messa di Padre Pio poche ore prima di morire](L'Ultima%20Messa.%20The%20last%20Mass%20Celebrated%20by%20Padre%20Pio.wmv)* (8:39) *[Il funerale di Padre Pio (08:05)](The%20Funeral%20of%20Padre%20Pio.wmv)* Audio commoventi della voce di Padre Pio: *[A](Angelus.wma)[ngelus Domini](Angelus.wma)* *(01:57)* *[Visita al](Padre%20Pios%20own%20voice%20Sacrament.wma)* [*SS. Sacramento*](Padre%20Pios%20own%20voice%20Sacrament.wma) (04:07) *[Visita a Maria](Padre%20Pios%20own%20voice%20Mary%20visit.wma)* [*Santissima*](Padre%20Pios%20own%20voice%20Mary%20visit.wma) (02:42) *[Consacrazione a Maria](Padre%20Pios%20own%20voice%20Consecr.%20Mary.wma)**(02:57)* [Novena Fatima giorno 1(01:57)](11%20Primo%20giorno%20di%20novena.m4a) [Novena Fatima giorno 2(01:46)](12%20Secondo%20giorno%20di%20novena.m4a) [Novena Fatima giorno 3(01:37)](13%20Terzo%20giorno%20di%20novena.m4a) [Novena Fatima giorno 4(01:35)](14%20Quarto%20giorno%20di%20novena.m4a) [Novena Fatima giorno 5(01:59)](15%20Quinto%20giorno%20di%20novena.m4a) [Novena Fatima giorno 6(01:56)](16%20Sesto%20giorno%20di%20novena.m4a) [Novena Fatima giorno 7(02:40)](17%20Settimo%20giorno%20di%20novena.m4a) [Novena Fatima giorno 8-9 (01:41)](18%20Ottavo%20e%20nono%20giorno%20di%20novena.m4a) [Novena Fatima giorno della festa (01:41)](19%20Il%20giorno%20della%20visita%20a%20Madonna.m4a) [Vedi statistiche di Webalizer](2014%20Statistiche%20Webalizer%20per%20caccioppoli.com.htm)[:](2014%20Statistiche%20Webalizer%20per%20caccioppoli.com.htm) [Nel 2014](2014%20Statistiche%20Webalizer%20per%20caccioppoli.com.htm) [questo sito ha ricevuto](2014%20Statistiche%20Webalizer%20per%20caccioppoli.com.htm) [più di 187 milioni di hits da utenti di 219 Nazioni](2014%20Statistiche%20Webalizer%20per%20caccioppoli.com.htm) **[Posta](mailto:peppino@swbell.com)** | | **Fingerfood biography of Padre Pio** **(13 parts)** [From child to young friar.](01%20Padre%20Pio;%20child%20,%20novice,%20and%20friar.html) [Bloody wounds.](02%20San%20Giovanni%20Rotondo;%20Transverberation;%20Wounds%20Stigmata;%20examinations;.html) [His words.](03a%20Padre%20Pio%20and%20temptation,%20devil,%20confession;%20meditation,%20prayer,%20rosary.html) [The crowds.](03b%20Meeting%20Padre%20Pio;%20Spritual%20children;%20Home%20for%20the%20Relief%20of%20Suffering;%20Prayer%20Groups.html) [Quotes.](06%20Padre%20Pio%20in%20his%20own%20words%20about%20God,%20Jesus,%20Holy%20Spirit,%20Mary,%20Guardian%20Angel.html) [The Mass](05%20The%20Mass%20with%20Padre%20Pio;%20ecstases;%20gift%20of%20tears.html). [Death and triumph.](04%20Padre%20Pio%20restrictions%2060's;%20death;%20Saint;%20exhumed;.html) [Church and Crypt.](07%20Padre%20Pio;%20new%20church%20and%20crypt.html) [Mosaics of Padre Pio,](07a%20golden%20crypt%20mosaics%20of%20the%20life%20of%20Padre%20Pio.html) of [Jesus,](07b%20golden%20crypt%20mosaics%20of%20the%20life%20of%20Jesus.html) and of [St. Francis.](07c%20golden%20crypt%20mosaics%20of%20the%20life%20of%20Saint%20Francis.html) [Relics.](Padre%20Pio's%20first%20class%20relics%20with%20certificates%20of%20authenticity.html) [Original painting and icon](Padre%20Pio%20original%20painting%20and%20icon.html) Padre Pio in 1000 pictures (8+2 parts) [The beginning](1000%20pictures%20of%20Padre%20Pio.html). [College student.](1000%20pictures%20of%20Padre%20Pio%202.html) [Back in Pietrelcina.](1000%20pictures%20of%20Padre%20Pio%203.html) [The wounds.](1000%20pictures%20of%20Padre%20Pio%204.html) [The Hospital.](1000%20Pictures%20of%20Padre%20Pio%205.html) [The man of God.](1000%20pictures%20of%20Padre%20Pio%206.html) [The friends.](1000%20pictures%20of%20Padre%20Pio%207.html) [The new church.](1000%20pictures%20of%20Padre%20Pio%208.html) [Facts.](Padre%20Pio%20facts.html) [Words.](Padre%20Pio%20words.html) **Close encounters of the special kind with Padre Pio** **(2012) (21 parts)** [Hallway, backyard and downtown.](Padre%20Pio%20biography%20English;%20Close%20Encounters%20of%20the%20special%20kind%20with%20Padre%20Pio%20in%20the%20hallway,%20backyard,%20downtown.html) [Going around the world. Ecstasy.](Close%20encounters%20of%20a%20special%20kind%20with%20Padre%20Pio%20around%20the%20world,%20without%20leaving%20the%20convent..html) [Meets the souls in Purgatory. Angels and devils. Words of wisdom.](Close%20encounters%20of%20Padre%20Pio%20with%20deceased%20souls%20in%20Purgatory,%20Guardian%20Angel,%20devil.%20His%20own%20words%20on%20temptation,%20virtues,%20life..html) [American servicemen in WWII. Mary Pyle](Close%20encounters%20of%20Padre%20Pio%20and%20the%20American%20Servicemen,%20Mary%20Pile.html). [Confessions and other sacraments.](Close%20encounters%20with%20Padre%20Pio%20in%20the%20Confessional.%20Baptisms,%20Communions,%20Weddings.html) [Virgin Mary, Rosary](Close%20encounters%20of%20a%20special%20kind%20of%20Padre%20Pio%20with%20the%20Virgin%20Mary.%20The%20Rosary..html). [Wounds Stigmata.](Close%20encounters%20of%20the%20special%20kind%20of%20Padre%20Pio%20with%20Jesus'%20Passion,%20receiving%20wounds%20on%20the%20hands,%20feet,%20side,%20shoulder,%20and%20an%20invisible%20crown%20of%20thorns.%20Examinations.html) [Details of Padre Pio's Mass.](Close%20encounters%20of%20the%20special%20kind%20of%20Padre%20Pio%20with%20Jesus'%20Passion%20in%20the%20Mass.html) [Words of wisdom.](Padre%20Pio%20in%20his%20own%20words%20about%20hymself,%20God,%20Jesus,%20Holy%20Spirit,%20Church.html) [Spiritual children and Prayer Groups.](Padre%20Pio%20and%20his%20spiritual%20children.%20His%20words%20on%20meditation%20and%20prayer.%20Gift%20of%20tears.%20The%20Prayer%20Groups..html) [In Pietrelcina.](Padre%20Pio's%20years%20in%20Pietrelcina%201883-1916%20child,%20novice,%20priest,%20soldier,%20ill,%20convalescent.html) [Inquisition, church, hospital.](Close%20encounters%20of%20the%20special%20kind%20of%20Padre%20Pio%20with%20inquisition%20(1919-1933).%20St.%20Mary%20of%20Graces.%20House%20for%20the%20relief%20of%20suffering%20.%20(1916-1957).html) [Famous picture, daily life.](Close%20encounters%20with%20Padre%20Pio%20the%20most%20famous%20picture,%20children,%20blessings,%20at%20the%20ballots%20downtown,%20eating.html) [Investigation; last years.](Close%20encounters%20of%20the%20special%20kind%20of%20Padre%20Pio%20with%20inquisition%20(1959-1963).%20Last%20years%20and%20death%20in%20San%20Giovanni%20Rotondo%20(1958-1968).html) [Friars](Close%20encounters%20of%20a%20special%20kind%20of%20the%20Capuchin%20friars%20with%20Padre%20Pio.html). [Resting places](Padre%20Pio%20entombed,%20Blessed,%20Saint,%20exhumed,%20displayed,%20resting%20in%20the%20golden%20crypt.html). [Mosaics of Padre Pio](Close%20Ecounters%20golden%20crypt%20mosaics%20of%20the%20life%20of%20Padre%20Pio.html), [Jesus](Close%20encounters%20golden%20crypt%20of%20Padre%20Pio%20mosaics%20of%20the%20life%20of%20Jesus.html), [Saint Francis.](Close%20encounters%20golden%20crypt%20of%20Padre%20Pio%20mosaics%20of%20the%20life%20of%20Saint%20Francis%20of%20Assisi.html) [Relics](Padre%20Pio's%20first%20class%20relics%20with%20certificates%20of%20authenticity.html). [Painting and Icon](Padre%20Pio%20original%20painting%20and%20icon.html). Padre Pio Officially Saint [CANONIZATION June 16, 2002: Padre Pio proclaimed saint. With all the details of the ceremony including pictures, Pope's sermon, and Vatican bio. (English and Italian)](Padre%20Pio%20da%20Pietralcina.htm) [Prayers with Padre Pio, prayers to Padre Pio.](Prayers%20with%20Padre%20Pio;%20prayers%20to%20Padre%20Pio.html) [P](PADRE%20PIO%20and%20Cleonice.html)[adre Pio and Cleonice: 101 Questions and Answers](PADRE%20PIO%20and%20Cleonice.html) [P.Pio original videos with introductions and observations](Padre%20Pio's%20original%20videos,%20with%20introduction%20and%20observations.html) **[**Padre PIO: heavenly facts and words of wisdom** *(2014)*]('%202014%20Padre%20Pio.pdf) PDF Padre Pio in pictures, videos, and live voice (2013; 4 parts) [F](Padre%20Pio%20in%20pictures,%20videos,%20and%20live%20voice;%201.html)[rom birth to the wounds](Padre%20Pio%20in%20pictures,%20videos,%20and%20live%20voice;%201.html). [Holy man of prayer](Padre%20Pio%20in%20pictures,%20videos,%20and%20live%20voice;%202.html). [Meeting P. Pio](Padre%20Pio%20in%20pictures,%20videos,%20and%20live%20voice;%203.html). [Death and beyond](Padre%20Pio%20in%20pictures,%20videos,%20and%20live%20voice;%204.html). [P. Pio through the years: 0-15](Padre%20Pio%200-15%20(1887-1902).html), [16-27](Padre%20Pio%2016-27%20('03-'14).html), [28-30](Padre%20Pio%2028-30%20('15-'18).html), [31-34](Padre%20Pio%2031-34%20('18-'21).html), [35-72](Padre%20Pio%2035-72%20('22-'59).html), [73-81](Padre%20Pio%2073-81%20('60-'68).html)** | **San Pio da Pietrelcina****[16 giugno 2002 Canonizzazione di Padre Pio in Piazza San Pietro. Con molte immagini, discorsi del Papa, Bio dal sito ufficiale del Vaticano (Italiano e inglese)](Padre%20Pio%20da%20Pietralcina.htm)** Concisa bio Concisa biografia di Padre Pio, con breve testo e molte immagini, in diverse lingue: [Saint Pio from Pietrelcina (English)](Padre%20Pio%20bio,%20english.htm) [Sint Pio uit Pietrelcina (Dutch)](Padre%20Pio%20bio,%20Dutch.htm) [Pyhä Pio Pietrelcinasta](Padre%20Pio%20bio,%20Finnish.htm)[(Finnish)](Padre%20Pio%20bio,%20Finnish.htm) [Saint-Pio de Pietrelcina](Padre%20Pio%20bio,%20francaise.htm) [(Fran](Padre%20Pio%20bio,%20francaise.htm)[ç](Padre%20Pio%20bio,%20francaise.htm)[aise)](Padre%20Pio%20bio,%20francaise.htm) [Das Leben des Paters Pio(German)](Padre%20Pio%20bio,%20german.htm) [San Pio da Pietrelcina (Italiano)](Padre%20Pio%20bio,%20italiano.htm) [Swiety Pio z Pietrelcina (Polish)](Padre%20Pio%20bio,%20Polish.htm) [São Pio de Pietrelcina (Portuguese)](Padre%20Pio%20bio,%20Portuguese.htm) [San Pio de Pietrelcina (Spanish)](Padre%20Pio%20bio,%20Spanish.htm) [Helgonet Pio från Pietrelcina (Swedish)](Padre%20Pio%20bio,%20Swedish.htm) [Breve biografia di Padre Pio (con testo e molte](Padre%20Pio%20bio.htm) [immagini; inglese e italiano)](Padre%20Pio%20bio.htm) [Foto di Padre Pio](Padre%20Pio%20foto.htm) Padre Pio TV [I](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=37WXKWSsbdI)[nterviste su Padre Pio TV 2013: 1](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=37WXKWSsbdI) - [2](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_tjQGB0y1eU&feature=c4-overview&list=UU6tZWEYfNqoF8XjF7xA-DHg)-[3](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJatUFUHOGs&feature=c4-overview&list=UU6tZWEYfNqoF8XjF7xA-DHg)- [4](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yYMQuFgP-To&feature=c4-overview&list=UU6tZWEYfNqoF8XjF7xA-DHg) - [5](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f6NI6clCwXI&feature=c4-overview&list=UU6tZWEYfNqoF8XjF7xA-DHg) [Ottobre 2014: Intervista e fotografie](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEVV7UknYzk&list=UU6tZWEYfNqoF8XjF7xA-DHg) [I fatti di Padre Pio: Settembre 2016:](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GTE3uCVbsik)[13,](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GTE3uCVbsik) [14,](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-otjX5AOBw8) [15,](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UxhUx8LjABM) [16,](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UtZm0JTOzOA) [17,](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FfJWhkcnQ6M) [18,](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xWngM_-s8Vk) [19,](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IYAQIq_Pcas) [20,](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oQaauXOOehI) [21,](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVPXLGCefKk) [23](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lz1M6EaAVMM) [2019 Padre Pio Medico, 24 settembre](2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/2019,%2024%20settembre.mp4) [Rappa](2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/2019,%2024%20settembre.mp4), [Campanile](2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Campanile.mp4), [Bellantuono](2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Bellantuono.mp4), [Ricci](2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Ricci,%20Gene.mp4), [Contessa](2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Contessa.mp4), [TBC](2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/TBC.mp4), [Padre Elia](2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Padre%20Elia.mp4)[Fra' Giovanni](2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Fra'%20Giovanni.mp4) [In cammino: 2019: Introduzione - Rappa](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=atAnrunbVC0); [Stimmate - Campanile](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSljUdZ2wlo); [Pietrelcina - Bellantuono](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hrnl-xbL3sg); [Tizzani - Ricci](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gikjTmtNOGk); [Malattia - TBC](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GNCC_51M-5E); [Soldato - Padre Elia](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nCYIu4Sr_Mw); [Convalescenza](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQuAZMAR15M&list=PL9G2hGNUeYr324tNY6gPfC4gL7kZN-Y4i&index=5&t=0s) - [Fra' Giovanni](2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Fra'%20Giovanni.mp4); [Cadorna](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Q7_u-nb12s) - [Moribondo](2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Moribondo.mp4); [Lettere](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q2Mi-AZPq68&list=PL9G2hGNUeYr324tNY6gPfC4gL7kZN-Y4i&index=5&t=0s) - [Salvitti](2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Salvitti.mp4); [Invidie e gelosie](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b7vdPWnDAgY&list=PL9G2hGNUeYr324tNY6gPfC4gL7kZN-Y4i&index=4&t=0s) - [Brian John](2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Brian%20John.mp4); [Gesù Bambino](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7zhwno7srI&list=PL9G2hGNUeYr324tNY6gPfC4gL7kZN-Y4i&index=3&t=0s) - [Paul Walsh](2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Paul%20Walsh.mp4); [2020: Figlie spirituali 1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SC2QTNrr_BM&list=PL9G2hGNUeYr324tNY6gPfC4gL7kZN-Y4i&index=3&t=0s) - [Anthony Fuina](2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Anthony%20Fuina.mp4) 1. [Figlie spirituali 2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p2QFCI8XGFc&list=PL9G2hGNUeYr324tNY6gPfC4gL7kZN-Y4i&index=1) - [Anthony Fuina 2](2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Anthony%20Fuina%202.mp4) [Figli spirituali](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mXATSFZfG9A&list=PL9G2hGNUeYr324tNY6gPfC4gL7kZN-Y4i&index=2) 1 - [Anthony Fuina 3](2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Anthony%20Fuina%203.mp4) [Figli spirituali 2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=snZCzHdXuhs&list=PL9G2hGNUeYr324tNY6gPfC4gL7kZN-Y4i&index=3&t=0s) - [Alice Jones](2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Alice%20Jones.mp4) 1; [dottor Lotti](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jQGnm5sW0P8&list=PL9G2hGNUeYr324tNY6gPfC4gL7kZN-Y4i&index=1) - [Alice Jones 2](2019%20P.%20Pio%20medico%20Padre%20Pio%20TV/Alice%20Jones%202.mp4) [Vaticano](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5CLPnFC4jmQ&list=UU6tZWEYfNqoF8XjF7xA-DHg&index=1)- [D](2020%20Doni/Doni%20mistici.mp4)[oni mistici](2020%20Doni/Doni%20mistici.mp4), [Restrizioni -](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lgTI7b1MvjA&list=UU6tZWEYfNqoF8XjF7xA-DHg&index=1) [Doni mistici 2](2020%20Doni/Doni%20mistici%202.mp4) [Segregazione](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3chHQyAXAvk) - [Doni mistici 3](2020%20Doni/Doni%20mistici%203.mp4), [Casa Sollievo](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x__XBt7mut8) - [Doni mistic 4,](2020%20Doni/Doni%20mistici%204.mp4) [Giametta](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UoRhoCeBWJg&list=UU6tZWEYfNqoF8XjF7xA-DHg&index=3) - [Doni mistici 5](2020%20Doni/Doni%20mistici%205.mp4), [Inizio lavori](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K8cQsB7SoAw&list=UU6tZWEYfNqoF8XjF7xA-DHg&index=1) - [Doni mistici 6](2020%20Doni/Doni%20mistici%206.mp4), Ospedale - [Doni mistici 7](2020%20Doni/Doni%20mistici%207.mp4) | | **[Mary and baby Jesus paintings by](M.%20Angelico.htm "Madonna and Child high resolution paintings by Beato Angelico and others."):** | ****[Quadri della Madonna con Bambino dipinti da:](M.%20Angelico.htm "Madonna and Child high resolution paintings by Beato Angelico and others.")**** ****[A](M.%20Angelico.htm "Madonna and Child high resolution paintings by Beato Angelico and others.")[ngelico](M.%20Angelico.htm "Madonna and Child high resolution paintings by Beato Angelico and others.")[,](M.%20Angelico.htm)** [Bellini Benson Bicci Bonfigli,](M.%20Bellini.htm "Madonna and Child high resolution paintings by Bellini and others.") [Botticelli Campin Caporali Carpaccio,](M.%20Botticelli.htm "Madonna and Child high resolution paintings by Botticelli and others.") [Correggio Cricelli David Gerard Dietisalvi Domenico,](M.%20Correggio.htm "Madonna and Child high resolution paintings by Correggio and others.") [Duccio Durer Eyck Faffei Lippi Flandes,](M.%20Duccio.htm "Madonna and Child high resolution paintings by Duccio da Boninsegna and others.") [Gentile Gentileschi Ghirlandaio Giambono,](M.%20Gentile%20da%20Fabriano.htm "Madonna and Child high resolution paintings by Gentile da Fabriano and others.") [Giotto Girolamo Gossaert Guido Leonardo,](M.%20Giotto.htm "Madonna and Child high resolution paintings by Giotto di Bondone and others.") [Lippi Lockner,](M.%20Lippi.htm "Madonna and Child high resolution paintings by Filippo Lippi and others.") [Lorenzetti Di Credi Della Robbia,](M.%20Lorenzetti.htm "Madonna and Child high resolution paintings by Giacomo Lorenzetti and others.") [Mantegna Martini Masolino,](M.%20Mantegna.htm "Madonna and Child high resolution paintings by Andrea Mantegna and others.") [Michelangelo Monaco Montagna Neroccio Oriali Paolo,](M.%20Michelangelo.htm "Madonna and Child high resolution paintings by Michelangelo Buonarroti and others.") [Raffaello 1](M.%20Raffaello.htm "Madonna and Child high resolution paintings by Raffaello Sanzio and others."), [Raffaello 2 Rubens Sano Santi Sassetta Schongauer Segni Signorelli Soest,](M.%20Raffaello%202.htm "More Madonna and Child high resolution paintings by Raffaello Sanzio and others.") [Tiziano Tura Veronese Verrocchio Vivarini Weyden.](M.%20Tiziano.htm "Madonna and Child high resolution paintings by Tiziano Vecellio and others.")** | | This site was started on July 1, 1997 **The sun never sets on this web site** **Last update Ultimo aggiornamento: Sunday, August 07, 2022** | Su questo sito non tramonta mai il sole Questo sito fu iniziato il Primo Luglio del 1997 | | | | | | | | --- | --- | | | Da Tele Radio Padre Pio su YouTube: | | | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **[CACCIOPPOLI](Caccioppoli%20ancestry.htm)** **[ancestry,](Caccioppoli%20ancestry.htm)** **[records](Caccioppoli%20ancestry.htm)** | [Family pictures](Family%201.html) [Foto di famiglia,](Family%201.html) [relatives and friends, parenti e amici](Family%201.html) | a [Nina's Monochrome](https://www.monochromecollective.com) [Collective](https://www.monochromecollective.com) [Pics](Nina%20Honolulu.html) | [Nina and Todd's wedding](000%20Tortilla%20Coast.htm) | Maitland Divorce and separation Lawyer Joanna Maria Foard [Joanna's Law firm](https://www.generalcounsellaw.com/about-the-firm/biographies/joanna_foard/) [Pics](Joanna%20neonata.html) | [Joanna and TJ's wedding](Wedding%20TJ%20and%20Joanna%20Foard,%20August%2020.%202016.html) | [San Gaetano Errico](Beato%20Gaetano%20Errico.htm) | [**Willy Falk**](Willy%20Falk.htm) [Actor, tenor](Willy%20Falk.htm); [**off stage**](Willy%20Falk%20with%20family%20and%20friends.htm); [**Personal Web Site**](http://www.willyfalk.com) | [Audrey and Lee](Matrimonio%20Lee%20e%20Audrey%201954.htm) [Falk](Matrimonio%20Lee%20e%20Audrey%201954.htm) | [Salvatore e Gaetana](Salvatore%20e%20Gaetana%20Caccioppoli.htm) [Caccioppoli](Salvatore%20e%20Gaetana%20Caccioppoli.htm) | | | | | --- | --- | | | | Fine. The end.

https://caccioppoli.com/

<html> <head> <TITLE>PooterMan's</TITLE> </head> <body><BODY BGCOLOR="#DFDBC4"> <h6 align=left>Page last updated: June 22, 2016</h6><br> <h5>This page and all contents are © 1995-2016 Todd Potter. All rights reserved.</h5><br> <p align=center><img src="poot52.gif" align=bottom width=590 height=276></p> <hr> I had planned on just retiring the levels archive, but was encouraged by some diehards to keep it active. So...it will remain, in a somewhat condensed versions. As most users nowadays have a pretty good internet connection, I just have 3 zip files referenced with all the levels inside the zip file. So grab whichever you want and extract all the levels from those. <br> <a href="http://www.PooterMan.com/ftp/descent1levels.zip">Descent 1 levels</a><br> <a href="http://www.PooterMan.com/ftp/descent2levels.zip">Descent 2 levels</a><br> <a href="http://www.PooterMan.com/ftp/descent3levels.zip">Descent 3 levels</a><br> <HR> <p align="left"><img src="im000317a.jpg" width="640" height="428"></p> <p align="right"><img src="im000318a.jpg" width="640" height="428"></p> <hr><br> <p align="left"><br> <H5 align=left> Feel free to visit one of my other sites:<br> <a href="http://www.carthagetangsoodo.com"> http://www.carthagetangsoodo.com </A><br> <a href="http://www.tangsoodo.us"> http://www.tangsoodo.us </A><br> <a href="http://www.carthagefamilyfitness.com"> http://www.carthagefamilyfitness.com </A><br> <a href="http://www.wtsda-region5.com"> http://www.wtsda-region5.com </A><br> <br><h3> Visitors Since October of 1995: <IMG SRC="http://counter.digits.net/wc/-d/4/PooterMan" ALIGN=middle WIDTH=60 HEIGHT=20 BORDER=0 HSPACE=4 VSPACE=2> <A HREF="http://www.digits.net/"><IMG SRC="webcounter.gif" WIDTH=216 HEIGHT=23 BORDER=0 VSPACE=2 HSPACE=2></A> <p align=center><img src="bl_bds.gif" align=bottom width=640 height=10> </p> <H5><p align=center>Legal stuff:Everything here is my opinion! Don't email my boss, She won't care.<br> <a href="mailto:pottert@PooterMan.com?subject=nonspam">email Pottert@PooterMan.com. The subject line MUST contain the word 'nonspam' in order to get past my spam filtering software</a> Same email address since 1995. </p> </H5><div align=center><center> <address><a href="mailto: pottert@PooterMan.com?subject=nonspam"><img src="http://www.PooterMan.com/mailbx3.gif" align=bottom border=0 width=98 height=66></a></address> </center></div></p> <br> </body> </html>

PooterMan's ###### Page last updated: June 22, 2016 ##### This page and all contents are © 1995-2016 Todd Potter. All rights reserved. ![](poot52.gif) --- I had planned on just retiring the levels archive, but was encouraged by some diehards to keep it active. So...it will remain, in a somewhat condensed versions. As most users nowadays have a pretty good internet connection, I just have 3 zip files referenced with all the levels inside the zip file. So grab whichever you want and extract all the levels from those. [Descent 1 levels](http://www.PooterMan.com/ftp/descent1levels.zip) [Descent 2 levels](http://www.PooterMan.com/ftp/descent2levels.zip) [Descent 3 levels](http://www.PooterMan.com/ftp/descent3levels.zip) --- ![](im000317a.jpg) ![](im000318a.jpg) --- ##### Feel free to visit one of my other sites: <http://www.carthagetangsoodo.com> <http://www.tangsoodo.us> <http://www.carthagefamilyfitness.com> <http://www.wtsda-region5.com> Visitors Since October of 1995: Legal stuff:Everything here is my opinion! Don't email my boss, She won't care. [email Pottert@PooterMan.com. The subject line MUST contain the word 'nonspam' in order to get past my spam filtering software](mailto:pottert@PooterMan.com?subject=nonspam) Same email address since 1995.

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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-/W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN"> <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>Ceolas celtic music archive</TITLE> <META name="description" content = "The home of celtic music on the net, with reviews, biographies, guides, audio samples, hundreds of links to real-world and internet resources, tunes, schedules, instrument guides and much much more."> <META name="keywords" content="celtic music, traditional celtic music, Irish, Scottish, Irish music, Scottish music, tune, musical instrument, reviews, Ireland, Scotland, Gaelic, celtic, music, culture"> <BASE HREF="http://www.ceolas.org/"> </HEAD> <BODY background="/im/bg.gif"> <CENTER> <script type="text/javascript">  </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> <P> <IMG SRC="/im/ceolas.gif" ALT="-----" WIDTH=203 HEIGHT=120 ALIGN=bottom> </CENTER> <P><FONT SIZE=4>Welcome to </FONT><FONT SIZE=4><A HREF="/about/">Ceolas</A></FONT><FONT SIZE=4>, the home of celtic music on the internet, since 1994. Ceolas houses the largest online collection of information on celtic music, and has links to hundreds of related sites. Due to pressures of work, Ceolas is currently being partially maintained, but not futher developed much, until more time becomes available. Please excuse the dust! We've just started (Nov 2003) to serve ads from Google. Please support out advertisers - it greatly helps in keeping Ceolas going. </FONT> <P><HR WIDTH="40%"><P><TABLE WIDTH="95%" COLS=2 ALIGN=CENTER CELLPADDING=10> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD> <IMG SRC="/im/arrowhead.gif" ALT="* "> <A HREF="ref/what.is.celtic.html"> <B><FONT SIZE=4>What is Celtic Music?</FONT></B></A><br> Newcomers start here.<br> </TD> <TD> <IMG SRC="/im/arrowhead.gif" ALT="* "> <A HREF="artists/"> <B><FONT SIZE=4>Artists</FONT></B></A><br> Profiles, links and discographies of hundreds of musicians and groups.<br> <FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica"> <A HREF="/artists/index-ie.html">Ire.</A> | <A HREF="/artists/index-sc.html">Scot.</A> | <A HREF="/artists/index-Wales.html">Eng./Wales</A> | <A HREF="/artists/index-eu.html">EU</A> | <A HREF="/artists/index-us.html">US</A> | <A HREF="/artists/index-ca.html">CA</A> | <A HREF="/artists/index-else.html">Other</A> </FONT></br> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD> <IMG SRC="/im/arrowhead.gif" ALT="* "> <A HREF="new.html"> <B><FONT SIZE=4>What's New</FONT></B></A><br> The central resource for all that's new across the whole Web of celtic music. [currently suspended]<br> </TD> <TD> <IMG SRC="/im/arrowhead.gif" ALT="* "> <B><FONT SIZE=4><A HREF="/events/"> Live Music & Regional Guides</A></FONT></B><br> Tour schedules, festivals, sessions and places to hear the music around the world.<br> <FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica"> <A HREF="events/events-ie.html">Ireland</A> | <A HREF="events/events-eu.html">Europe</A> | <A HREF="events/events-na.html">North America</A> | <A HREF="events/events-else.html">Elsewhere</A></FONT> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD> <IMG SRC="/im/arrowhead.gif" ALT="* "> <B><FONT SIZE=4><A HREF="/ref/"> Resources</A></FONT></B><br> Books, magazines, mail-order sources, radio shows, a zillion internet links and more.<br> </TD> <TD> <IMG SRC="/im/arrowhead.gif" ALT="* "> <B><FONT SIZE=4><A HREF="/reviews/POTM.html"> Reviews & Sound Samples</A></FONT></B><br> Reviews of new and classic albums.<br> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD> <IMG SRC="/im/arrowhead.gif" ALT="* "> <A HREF="/instruments/"> <B><FONT SIZE=4> Instruments</FONT></B></A><br> Information on the most popular celtic-style instruments.<br> </TD> <TD> <IMG SRC="/im/arrowhead.gif" ALT="* "> <A HREF="/tunes/"> <FONT SIZE=4><B>Tunes</B></FONT></A><br> Hundreds of traditional tunes in different formats, along with software and tune indexes.<br> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD> <IMG SRC="/im/arrowhead.gif" ALT="* "> <A HREF="/dance/"> <B><FONT SIZE=4>Celtic Dance</FONT></B></A><br> </TD> <TD> <IMG SRC="/im/arrowhead.gif" ALT="* "> <A HREF="links.html"> <B><FONT SIZE=4>Related Sites</FONT></B></A><br> </TD> </TR> </TABLE> <P> <CENTER> See also <FONT SIZE=4><B><A HREF="/IrishNet/">IrishNet</A></B></FONT> for an extensive online database of Irish-related resources in the US. <P> And help save the planet by stopping methane gas pollution. If you are in San Mateo County, check out this <A HREF="https://sanmateo.cleanhotewater.info">guide to stop global warming by upgrading your home water heater</A>. </CENTER> <P> <HR SIZE=2 align=CENTER> </BODY> </HTML>

Ceolas celtic music archive  ![-----](/im/ceolas.gif) Welcome to [Ceolas](/about/), the home of celtic music on the internet, since 1994. Ceolas houses the largest online collection of information on celtic music, and has links to hundreds of related sites. Due to pressures of work, Ceolas is currently being partially maintained, but not futher developed much, until more time becomes available. Please excuse the dust! We've just started (Nov 2003) to serve ads from Google. Please support out advertisers - it greatly helps in keeping Ceolas going. --- | | | | --- | --- | | * [**What is Celtic Music?**](ref/what.is.celtic.html) Newcomers start here. | * [**Artists**](artists/) Profiles, links and discographies of hundreds of musicians and groups. [Ire.](/artists/index-ie.html) | [Scot.](/artists/index-sc.html) | [Eng./Wales](/artists/index-Wales.html) | [EU](/artists/index-eu.html) | [US](/artists/index-us.html) | [CA](/artists/index-ca.html) | [Other](/artists/index-else.html) | | * [**What's New**](new.html) The central resource for all that's new across the whole Web of celtic music. [currently suspended] | * **[Live Music & Regional Guides](/events/)** Tour schedules, festivals, sessions and places to hear the music around the world. [Ireland](events/events-ie.html) | [Europe](events/events-eu.html) | [North America](events/events-na.html) | [Elsewhere](events/events-else.html) | | * **[Resources](/ref/)** Books, magazines, mail-order sources, radio shows, a zillion internet links and more. | * **[Reviews & Sound Samples](/reviews/POTM.html)** Reviews of new and classic albums. | | * [**Instruments**](/instruments/) Information on the most popular celtic-style instruments. | * [**Tunes**](/tunes/) Hundreds of traditional tunes in different formats, along with software and tune indexes. | | * [**Celtic Dance**](/dance/) | * [**Related Sites**](links.html) | See also **[IrishNet](/IrishNet/)** for an extensive online database of Irish-related resources in the US. And help save the planet by stopping methane gas pollution. If you are in San Mateo County, check out this [guide to stop global warming by upgrading your home water heater](https://sanmateo.cleanhotewater.info). ---

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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html lang="en"> <head> <title>bUD uGLLY dESIGN | An example of bad web design</title> <meta name="keywords" content="ugly web design, ugly web design, funny design, humor design, humor, internet humor, value, good web design, ,funny web design, cool web site design, awesome web design, website design, UGLY WEB SITE DESIGN, UGLY WEBSITES, UGLY SITE DESIGN"> <meta name="description" content="The very best in Internet design and development... probably. Bud Uglly webpage design brings you into a new error in web site design and management. All new for 2014, well, not really ALL new but mostly new."> <link rel="SHORTCUT ICON" href="http://www.budugllydesign.com/favicon.ico"> <meta name="Copyright" content="Copyright 2006-2016 Bud Uglly Webpage Design"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <meta name="Publisher" content="Bud Uglly Design Webpages"> <meta name="Project" content="http://budugllydesign.com/"> <meta name="GENERATOR" content="Used a spell checker"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en"> <meta name="author" content="Erich V"> <link rel="StyleSheet" href="budindex.css" type="text/css">  <script type="text/javascript" src="shake.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="shake-index.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="dexpopup.js"></script> </head> <body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" background="backgrounds/bu3.gif" text="#333333" link="#999999" vlink="#999999" alink="#999999" leftmargin="0" rightmargin="0" topmargin="0" bottommargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" onload="frame1();"> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><tr><td> <div id="stamp"> <img src="picts/stamp.png" border="0" alt="Mobile responsive compliant ugly or bad website design"><br> </div> <img src="picts/logo-14.jpg" border="0" width="850" height="100" class="logo" alt="Bud Uglly IT Professional Responsive Elastic Candidate Framework Ugly Website Design"> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="#0066FF" background="picts/home.jpg" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-right: #000000 1px solid" bordercolor="#000000"><tr><td> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="750" height="450" background="picts/home.jpg"><tr><td valign="bottom" align="right">  <table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="125" height="450" class="menutrans"><tr><td valign="top"> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="125"><tr><td align="left" height="115"> <br><br><br> <h2 class="menutitle">MENU</h2> <a href="buduglly.htm" title="Thrill to the rich and somewhat disturbing history of Bud Uglly Design.">History TOur</a><br> <a href="archivebud/bud9607/index.html" title="

 BUD UGLLY DESIGN Version 1.0 

 July 1996, 3 pages, 1 Client.

">Bud Uglly v1.0</a><br> <a href="archivebud/bud9609/index.html" title="

 BUD UGLLY DESIGN Version 1.1 

 September 1996, 12 pages, 5 Clients.

">Bud Uglly v1.1</a><br> <a href="archivebud/bud9706/index.html" title="

 BUD UGLLY DESIGN Version 2.0 

 June 1997, 58 pages, 13 Clients.

">Bud Uglly v2.0</a><br> <a href="archivebud/bud9710/index.html" title="

 BUD UGLLY DESIGN Version 3.0 

 October 1997, 64 pages, 18 Clients.

">Bud Uglly v3.0</a><br> <a href="archivebud/bud9806/bigeye.htm" title="

 BUD UGLLY DESIGN Version 4.0 

 October 1998, 117 pages, 24 Clients.

">Bud Uglly v4.0</a><br> <a href="http://budugllydesign.com/vbpro/htdocs/budguests/entries.html" title=" Tell us what you think about our website...









 ...or don't.">Guestbook</a><br> <a href="about.htm" title="All about Bud:

Why it's here, and how to order a website, and how to ride a bike, and how to not get wet in the rain, and how to win at a Casino, and how to win at video games with cheat codes and how to have sex with nude women and not get bothered by lamas and other on-line stuff.">About Us</a><br> <a href="contact.htm" title="Drop us a line.">Contact</a><br> <a href="staff.htm" title="A staff is like a cane, so this isn't actually some canes but it's the peeps that work on the site.">Staff</a><br> <a href="sitemap.htm" title="uh.. sitemap maybe?">Sitemap</a><br> <a href="archivebud/crazyjoe/crazyjoe.html" title="All the different websites here at Yahoo!">Bungee Jump</a><br> <a href="W3C/privacy.htm" title="So, you're one of those people that like to hover their mouse over stuff just to see what it says... Well, here's a joke... 

I got into a fight with a really big guy and he said, 

I'm going to mop the floor with your face. 

I said, You'll be sorry. 

He said, Oh yeah? Why? 

and I said, Well, you won't be able to get into the corners very well.">Privacy Policy</a><br> <h2 class="menutitle">END MANU</h2> <br><br> <center> <span class="searchtext"> Search B.U.D<br> </span> <form action="http://budugllydesign.com/search/search.cgi" class="formmargin"> <input type="text" name="Q" value="" size="8" class="shadeform"><br> <input type="hidden" name="X" value="1"> <input type="hidden" name="E" value="1"> <input name="submitbutton" type="image" src="picts/search-home-down.png" width="48" height="48" style="margin-top: 4px;" onmouseover="this.src='picts/search-home-up.png'" onmouseout="this.src='picts/search-home-down.png'"><br> </form> </center> </td></tr></table> </td></tr></table> </td></tr></table> </td></tr></table> <div class="biglogo"> <img src="picts/homebig-logo.png" border="0" width="850" height="170" alt="If you read this you are a nut."><br> </div> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="90%"> <tr><td align="right"> <form name="myform2"> <input type=button onclick="shake(2)" value="?" style="WIDTH: 15px" onmouseover="shake_funct2(this,50)" onmouseout="end_shake_funct2(this)" class="shakebutton"><input type=button onclick="shiver(2)" style="WIDTH: 130px" value="Check Elasticity" onmouseover="shake_funct2(this,100)" onmouseout="end_shake_funct2(this)" class="shakebutton"><input type=button onclick="quake(2)" value="!" style="WIDTH: 15px" onmouseover="shake_funct2(this,10)" onmouseout="end_shake_funct2(this)" class="shakebutton"> </form> </td></tr></table> <div id="activate"> <img src="picts/activate-2.png" border="0" alt="If you read this you are a nut."><br> </div> <div id="windows2" class="windows2"> <h2>B.U.D. Wabsite Development Key Features:</h2> <ol> <li> Stable HTML 3.2 <li> <span class="hilite">New!</span> Reacting Design <li> Really big font usage <li> Flatter designs than our competitors <li> Hard Drive Churn & Infinite Loop Scripting <li> This years featured client: <a href="archivebud/javaball/ball.html" class="hilitelink">Big Java Ball</a> <li> Edge browser css compensator code <li> <strike>Buggy</strike> bug-free layouts </ol> </div> <br> <div class="prytext"> <h3 class="slogan">Bud Uglly Designs... A Web Design Experience Like No Otter</h3> <div class="updown">shrink the width of your wab browser to view our new responsive design code in action<br></div> Website <span class="copyright">©</span> copyright Bud Uglly and <a href="http://allwebcodesign.com/">Allwebco Design Corporation</a><br> <a href="archivebud/bud9806/budaward.html">Awad winning</a> historic bud ugly design brings you the latest in<br> web site development for very reasonable prices you can<br> affordable using many colors and fonts that can and will<br> work together on any website that you have in mind<br> that bud ugly can produce for you out of thin air<br> using the latest technology that we have<br> experienced here at the bud uglly design<br> corporation company in our main corpor<br> ation headquaters in the Chicago<br> metropolitan downtown city area<br> Forget everything you know<br> about wab design and let us<br> <a href="setup.htm">build your web site to<br> day</a> or maybe tomm<br> orow but soon so<br> you can be the<br> envy of all<br> other web<br> sites. t<br> ry us<br> now.<br> Now<br> some might say that this is an example of bad or ugly website design<br> but it is in fact an example, an example yes, of some text I have written<br> in this area to fill space and to... uh I can't remember where I was going with this.<br> <br> <img src="picts/logo-footer.gif" border="0" alt="Copyright Bud Ugly"><br> </div> <center> <br><br> <pre> <a href="#">-------------------------------------------------------------------</a> <a href="http://allwebcodesign.com/">| WEB SITE TEMPLATES |</a> <a href="http://square-peach.com/">| NOT WEB TEMPLATES |</a> <a href="#">| |</a> <a href="#">| ¯`·.¸¸.·´¯`·.¸¸.·´¯`·.¸¸.·´¯ |</a> <a href="#">-------------------------------------------------------------------</a> Ask about ASCII banner advertising on our website! </pre> <br><br> <div class="divH"> <div class="divL"> <h1 class="box">New CSS3 Features!</h1> </div> </div> <br><br> <a href="http://square-peach.com/">Music by SQuare Peach</a><br> <br><br>1 <script type="text/javascript" src="http://budugllydesign.com/cgi-bin/counter.pl/XXXXhome_count.cnt"></script>4<br> <br>21<br>  <script type="text/javascript"> // PLAYER VARIABLES var mp3snd = "home-sound.mp3"; var oggsnd = "home-sound.ogg"; document.write('<audio autoplay="autoplay">'); document.write('<source src="'+mp3snd+'" type="audio/mpeg">'); document.write('<source src="'+oggsnd+'" type="audio/ogg">'); document.write(''); document.write('</audio>'); </script>  </center> </td></tr></table> </body> </html>

bUD uGLLY dESIGN | An example of bad web design | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Mobile responsive compliant ugly or bad website design Bud Uglly IT Professional Responsive Elastic Candidate Framework Ugly Website Design | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | --- | --- | | | | | --- | | MENU [History TOur](buduglly.htm "Thrill to the rich and somewhat disturbing history of Bud Uglly Design.") [Bud Uglly v1.0](archivebud/bud9607/index.html " BUD UGLLY DESIGN Version 1.0 July 1996, 3 pages, 1 Client. ") [Bud Uglly v1.1](archivebud/bud9609/index.html " BUD UGLLY DESIGN Version 1.1 September 1996, 12 pages, 5 Clients. ") [Bud Uglly v2.0](archivebud/bud9706/index.html " BUD UGLLY DESIGN Version 2.0 June 1997, 58 pages, 13 Clients. ") [Bud Uglly v3.0](archivebud/bud9710/index.html " BUD UGLLY DESIGN Version 3.0 October 1997, 64 pages, 18 Clients. ") [Bud Uglly v4.0](archivebud/bud9806/bigeye.htm " BUD UGLLY DESIGN Version 4.0 October 1998, 117 pages, 24 Clients. ") [Guestbook](http://budugllydesign.com/vbpro/htdocs/budguests/entries.html " Tell us what you think about our website... ...or don't.") [About Us](about.htm "All about Bud: Why it's here, and how to order a website, and how to ride a bike, and how to not get wet in the rain, and how to win at a Casino, and how to win at video games with cheat codes and how to have sex with nude women and not get bothered by lamas and other on-line stuff.") [Contact](contact.htm "Drop us a line.") [Staff](staff.htm "A staff is like a cane, so this isn't actually some canes but it's the peeps that work on the site.") [Sitemap](sitemap.htm "uh.. sitemap maybe?") [Bungee Jump](archivebud/crazyjoe/crazyjoe.html "All the different websites here at Yahoo!") [Privacy Policy](W3C/privacy.htm "So, you're one of those people that like to hover their mouse over stuff just to see what it says... Well, here's a joke... I got into a fight with a really big guy and he said, I'm going to mop the floor with your face. I said, You'll be sorry. He said, Oh yeah? Why? and I said, Well, you won't be able to get into the corners very well.") END MANU Search B.U.D | | | | If you read this you are a nut. | | | --- | | | If you read this you are a nut. B.U.D. Wabsite Development Key Features: 1. Stable HTML 3.2 - New! Reacting Design - Really big font usage - Flatter designs than our competitors - Hard Drive Churn & Infinite Loop Scripting - This years featured client: [Big Java Ball](archivebud/javaball/ball.html)- Edge browser css compensator code - Buggy bug-free layouts Bud Uglly Designs... A Web Design Experience Like No Otter shrink the width of your wab browser to view our new responsive design code in action Website © copyright Bud Uglly and [Allwebco Design Corporation](http://allwebcodesign.com/) [Awad winning](archivebud/bud9806/budaward.html) historic bud ugly design brings you the latest in web site development for very reasonable prices you can affordable using many colors and fonts that can and will work together on any website that you have in mind that bud ugly can produce for you out of thin air using the latest technology that we have experienced here at the bud uglly design corporation company in our main corpor ation headquaters in the Chicago metropolitan downtown city area Forget everything you know about wab design and let us [build your web site to day](setup.htm) or maybe tomm orow but soon so you can be the envy of all other web sites. t ry us now. Now some might say that this is an example of bad or ugly website design but it is in fact an example, an example yes, of some text I have written in this area to fill space and to... uh I can't remember where I was going with this. Copyright Bud Ugly ``` [-------------------------------------------------------------------](#) [| WEB SITE TEMPLATES |](http://allwebcodesign.com/) [| NOT WEB TEMPLATES |](http://square-peach.com/) [| |](#) [| ¯`·.¸¸.·´¯`·.¸¸.·´¯`·.¸¸.·´¯ |](#) [-------------------------------------------------------------------](#) Ask about ASCII banner advertising on our website! ``` New CSS3 Features! [Music by SQuare Peach](http://square-peach.com/) 1 4 21 // PLAYER VARIABLES var mp3snd = "home-sound.mp3"; var oggsnd = "home-sound.ogg"; document.write('<audio autoplay="autoplay">'); document.write('<source src="'+mp3snd+'" type="audio/mpeg">'); document.write('<source src="'+oggsnd+'" type="audio/ogg">'); document.write(''); document.write('</audio>'); |

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href="/commodordion/index.php">Commodordion</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/scene/craft/index.php">Craft</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/dialog/craverly/index.php">Craverly Heights in Dialog</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/hardware/datassettes/index.php">Datassettes</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/hardware/dial-a-sid/index.php">Dial-a-SID</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/dialog/index.php">Dialog</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/music/elements/index.php">Elements of Chip Music</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/programming/underhanded/2015.php">Faking Fissile Material</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/music/fratres/index.php">Fratres</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/programming/gcr-decoding/index.php">GCR decoding on the fly</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/music/glyptodont-live/index.php">Glyptodont Live</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/music/guitar-slinger/index.php">Guitar Slinger</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/music/sidstuff/hanlonfugue/index.php">Hanlon Fugue</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/games/hardsync/index.php">Hardsync</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/games/the-impossible-bottle/index.php">Impossible Bottle</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/music/in-darkness-hope/index.php">In Darkness Hope</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/programming/kernighans-lever/index.php">Kernighan's lever</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/scene/lunatico/index.php">Lunatico</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/scene/machine-yearning/index.php">Machine Yearning</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/scene/lunatico/misc.php">MISC</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/music/monti-on-the-bin/index.php">Monti On The 'Bin</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/music/for-microcontrollers/index.php">Music For Microcontrollers</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/music/o-holy-night/index.php">O Holy Night</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/scene/parallelogram/index.php">Parallelogram</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/music/partita-prelude/index.php">Partita Prelude</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/music/paulimba/index.php">Paulimba</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/scene/perpetual-fragility/index.php">Perpetual Fragility</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/music/platform-hopping/index.php">Platform Hopping</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/programming/poems-for-bugs/index.php">Poems for bugs</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/software/qwertuoso/index.php">Qwertuoso</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/music/reverberations/index.php">Reverberations</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/scene/safevsp/index.php">Safe VSP</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/software/sidreloc/index.php">Sidreloc</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/sixtyforgan/index.php">Sixtyforgan</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/software/spindle/v3.php">Spindle v3</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/music/nocturne/index.php">Stein's Nocturne</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/blag/210416-streaming.php">Streaming</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/hardware/autostart/index.php">Stripboard Cart</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/music/three-pc-pieces/index.php">Three PC Pieces</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/art/three-petscii-pieces/index.php">Three PETSCII pieces</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/programming/tty/index.php">TTY demystified</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/music/po-2x/unity.php">Unity</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/music/variation18/index.php">Variation 18</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/music/vivaldi-summer-presto/index.php">Vivaldi Summer Presto</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/music/vocalise/index.php">Vocalise</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/scene/watchroom.php">Watch Room</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/art/nibbles/index.php">We learn the nibbles</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/cryptic/2/index.php">Wings I've lost in dreams</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/software/zeugma/index.php">Zeugma</a></td></tr></table></div><div class="tocgroup"><table class="toc"><tr><th class="toc1">Fund my projects</th></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="https://patreon.com/linusakesson">Patreon</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="https://steadyhq.com/linusakesson">Steady</a></td></tr></table><table class="toc"><tr><th class="toc1">Forum</th></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/forum/register.php">Register</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/forum/login.php">Log in</a></td></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a href="/forum/chronological.php">Latest comments</a></td></tr></table><table class="toc"><tr><th class="toc1">Syndication</th></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><a type="application/rss+xml" href="http://www.linusakesson.net/rssfeed.php">RSS feed</a></td></tr></table><table class="toc"><tr><th class="toc1">Feedback</th></tr><tr><td class="toc2"><script type="text/javascript">  </script></td></tr></table></div></div></div><div class="maindiv"><div class="maindiv2"><div class="searchable"> <div style="float: right; width: 200px; margin: 2px 2px 10px 10px"> <img src="img/lftface2.jpg" alt="Linus Åkesson" style="border: 1px solid black" /> </div> <h2>Welcome, web wanderer!</h2> <p> My name is Linus Åkesson, though some of you may know me as <b>lft</b>. I live in Lund, Sweden. </p> <p>This combined homepage, blog and file archive is bilingual. If you understand Swedish, you may wish to enable even more content by checking the corresponding box near the top of the page.</p> <div style="clear: left"> <h2 style="clear: right">Latest pages:</h2><div class="pageblurb"><div class="pagethumb"><a href="/music/in-darkness-hope/index.php"><img src="/img/pagethumbs/210.png" class="pagethumb" alt="Page thumbnail" /></a></div><div class="pageinfo"><h3 style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><a href="/music/in-darkness-hope/index.php">In Darkness Hope</a></h3><p style="margin: 0">My SID tune <i>In Darkness Hope</i> performed live on the C=TAR. <a href="/music/in-darkness-hope/index.php">Read more.</a></p><ul class="dot"><li><a href="//hd0.linusakesson.net/files/Linus Akesson - In Darkness Hope (C=TAR Version).mp3">Linus Akesson - In Darkness Hope (C=TAR Version).mp3</a> (MP3, 7.5 MB)</li> <li><a href="//hd0.linusakesson.net/files/lft-in-darkness-hope.prg">lft-in-darkness-hope.prg</a> (Original C64 executable, 5.7 kB)</li> </ul> <p class="edited">Posted Friday 22-Dec-2023 09:07, <a href="/music/in-darkness-hope/index.php">0 comments</a>.</p></div></div><div class="pageblurb"><div class="pagethumb"><a href="/music/vivaldi-summer-presto/index.php"><img src="/img/pagethumbs/209.png" class="pagethumb" alt="Page thumbnail" /></a></div><div class="pageinfo"><h3 style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><a href="/music/vivaldi-summer-presto/index.php">Vivaldi Summer Presto</a></h3><p style="margin: 0">The Presto movement from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Four_Seasons_(Vivaldi)">Vivaldi's <i>Summer</i></a> performed on Commodore-based instruments. <a href="/music/vivaldi-summer-presto/index.php">Read more.</a></p><ul class="dot"><li><a href="//hd0.linusakesson.net/files/Linus Akesson - Vivaldi Summer Presto.mp3">Linus Akesson - Vivaldi Summer Presto.mp3</a> (MP3, 4.9 MB)</li> </ul> <p class="edited">Posted Friday 17-Nov-2023 08:53, <a href="/music/vivaldi-summer-presto/index.php">1 comment</a>.</p></div></div><div class="pageblurb"><div class="pagethumb"><a href="/hardware/datassettes/index.php"><img src="/img/pagethumbs/208.png" class="pagethumb" alt="Page thumbnail" /></a></div><div class="pageinfo"><h3 style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><a href="/hardware/datassettes/index.php">The Datassettes</a></h3><p style="margin: 0">Four Commodore 1530 Datassettes get together to sing a barbershop classic. <a href="/hardware/datassettes/index.php">Read more.</a></p><p class="edited">Posted Friday 13-Oct-2023 09:45, <a href="/hardware/datassettes/index.php">2 comments</a>.</p></div></div><div class="pageblurb"><div class="pagethumb"><a href="/music/chuck-rock/index.php"><img src="/img/pagethumbs/207.png" class="pagethumb" alt="Page thumbnail" /></a></div><div class="pageinfo"><h3 style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><a href="/music/chuck-rock/index.php">Chuck Rock</a></h3><p style="margin: 0">The intro theme from Chuck Rock (Amiga version) performed with an ensemble of Commodore-based instruments. <a href="/music/chuck-rock/index.php">Read more.</a></p><p class="edited">Posted Friday 8-Sep-2023 07:32, <a href="/music/chuck-rock/index.php">1 comment</a>.</p></div></div><div class="pageblurb"><div class="pagethumb"><a href="/music/three-pc-pieces/index.php"><img src="/img/pagethumbs/206.png" class="pagethumb" alt="Page thumbnail" /></a></div><div class="pageinfo"><h3 style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><a href="/music/three-pc-pieces/index.php">Three PC Pieces</a></h3><p style="margin: 0">Here are three tunes, originally part of PC demoscene productions, now remastered and resynthesized with better sound generation code. <a href="/music/three-pc-pieces/index.php">Read more.</a></p><ul class="dot"><li><a href="//hd0.linusakesson.net/files/Linus Akesson - Three PC Pieces/01 - Linus Akesson - Warpfruit.mp3">01 - Warpfruit</a> (MP3, 3.1 MB)</li> <li><a href="//hd0.linusakesson.net/files/Linus Akesson - Three PC Pieces/02 - Linus Akesson - Bittersweet.mp3">02 - Bittersweet</a> (MP3, 5.1 MB)</li> <li><a href="//hd0.linusakesson.net/files/Linus Akesson - Three PC Pieces/03 - Linus Akesson - Townwoofer.mp3">03 - Townwoofer</a> (MP3, 4.3 MB)</li> <li><a href="//hd0.linusakesson.net/files/Linus Akesson - Three PC Pieces.zip">Linus Akesson - Three PC Pieces.zip</a> (Complete album, 12.4 MB)</li> </ul> <p class="edited">Posted Friday 18-Aug-2023 06:13, <a href="/music/three-pc-pieces/index.php">0 comments</a>.</p></div></div><div class="pageblurb"><div class="pagethumb"><a href="/music/glyptodont-live/index.php"><img src="/img/pagethumbs/205.png" class="pagethumb" alt="Page thumbnail" /></a></div><div class="pageinfo"><h3 style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><a href="/music/glyptodont-live/index.php">Glyptodont performed on the... Qwertar?</a></h3><p style="margin: 0">My SID tune <a href="/music/sidstuff/glyptodont.php">Glyptodont</a> performed live on a new C64-based instrument. <a href="/music/glyptodont-live/index.php">Read more.</a></p><ul class="dot"><li><a href="//hd0.linusakesson.net/files/Linus Akesson - Glyptodont Live.mp3">Linus Akesson - Glyptodont Live.mp3</a> (MP3, 7.5 MB)</li> </ul> <p class="edited">Posted Friday 7-Jul-2023 10:51, <a href="/music/glyptodont-live/index.php">10 comments</a>.</p></div></div><div class="pageblurb"><div class="pagethumb"><a href="/hardware/autostart/index.php"><img src="/img/pagethumbs/204.png" class="pagethumb" alt="Page thumbnail" /></a></div><div class="pageinfo"><h3 style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><a href="/hardware/autostart/index.php">C64 Cartridge on a Stripboard</a></h3><p style="margin: 0">In this article I'll explain how to make a self-booting cartridge for the Commodore 64 using an 8-bit microcontroller on a stripboard. <a href="/hardware/autostart/index.php">Read more.</a></p><ul class="dot"><li><a href="//hd0.linusakesson.net/files/lft-stripboard-autostart.zip">lft-stripboard-autostart.zip</a> (Source code and schematics, 50.6 kB)</li> </ul> <p class="edited">Posted Friday 30-Jun-2023 12:44, <a href="/hardware/autostart/index.php">11 comments</a>.</p></div></div></div> <p><a href="archive.php">Older pages</a></p> </div></div></div></div></body></html>

linusakesson.net[![](/img/linus1.png)](/index.php)[linusakesson.net](/index.php)[(show navigation)](#)[(hide navigation)](#)* Swedish content ##### Site search: | Navigation | | --- | | [Home & news](/) | | [Random page](/random.php?anticache=1703666915) | | [All pages](/archive.php) | | Databases | | --- | | [Fortune cookies](/cookies/) | | [SID themes](/themes/) | | Page collections | | --- | | [Blag](/blag/index.php) | | [Chip music](/music/chipmusic.php) | | [Chipophone](/chipophone/pages.php) | | [Games](/games/index.php) | | [Hardware projects](/hardware/index.php) | | [Music downloads](/music/downloads.php) | | [Obfuscated programming](/programming/obfuscation.php) | | [Piano music](/music/piano.php) | | [Sane programming](/programming/index.php) | | [Scene productions](/pages/scene.php) | | [SID related pages](/music/sidstuff/index.php) | | [Software downloads](/software/index.php) | | [Underhanded code](/programming/underhanded/index.php) | | [Video clips](/pages/video.php) | | Featured pages | | --- | | [15 Years of Scene Spirit](/music/15-years-of-scene-spirit/index.php) | | [Å-machine](/dialog/aamachine/index.php) | | [A Mind Is Born](/scene/a-mind-is-born/index.php) | | [Autosokoban](/games/autosokoban/index.php) | | [Blackbird](/software/blackbird/index.php) | | [C64 Theremin](/hardware/theremin/index.php) | | [Chipophone](/chipophone/index.php) | | [Chopin vs Flappy Bird](/music/chopin-e-minor/index.php) | | [Chuck Rock](/music/chuck-rock/index.php) | | [Commodordion](/commodordion/index.php) | | [Craft](/scene/craft/index.php) | | [Craverly Heights in Dialog](/dialog/craverly/index.php) | | [Datassettes](/hardware/datassettes/index.php) | | [Dial-a-SID](/hardware/dial-a-sid/index.php) | | [Dialog](/dialog/index.php) | | [Elements of Chip Music](/music/elements/index.php) | | [Faking Fissile Material](/programming/underhanded/2015.php) | | [Fratres](/music/fratres/index.php) | | [GCR decoding on the fly](/programming/gcr-decoding/index.php) | | [Glyptodont Live](/music/glyptodont-live/index.php) | | [Guitar Slinger](/music/guitar-slinger/index.php) | | [Hanlon Fugue](/music/sidstuff/hanlonfugue/index.php) | | [Hardsync](/games/hardsync/index.php) | | [Impossible Bottle](/games/the-impossible-bottle/index.php) | | [In Darkness Hope](/music/in-darkness-hope/index.php) | | [Kernighan's lever](/programming/kernighans-lever/index.php) | | [Lunatico](/scene/lunatico/index.php) | | [Machine Yearning](/scene/machine-yearning/index.php) | | [MISC](/scene/lunatico/misc.php) | | [Monti On The 'Bin](/music/monti-on-the-bin/index.php) | | [Music For Microcontrollers](/music/for-microcontrollers/index.php) | | [O Holy Night](/music/o-holy-night/index.php) | | [Parallelogram](/scene/parallelogram/index.php) | | [Partita Prelude](/music/partita-prelude/index.php) | | [Paulimba](/music/paulimba/index.php) | | [Perpetual Fragility](/scene/perpetual-fragility/index.php) | | [Platform Hopping](/music/platform-hopping/index.php) | | [Poems for bugs](/programming/poems-for-bugs/index.php) | | [Qwertuoso](/software/qwertuoso/index.php) | | [Reverberations](/music/reverberations/index.php) | | [Safe VSP](/scene/safevsp/index.php) | | [Sidreloc](/software/sidreloc/index.php) | | [Sixtyforgan](/sixtyforgan/index.php) | | [Spindle v3](/software/spindle/v3.php) | | [Stein's Nocturne](/music/nocturne/index.php) | | [Streaming](/blag/210416-streaming.php) | | [Stripboard Cart](/hardware/autostart/index.php) | | [Three PC Pieces](/music/three-pc-pieces/index.php) | | [Three PETSCII pieces](/art/three-petscii-pieces/index.php) | | [TTY demystified](/programming/tty/index.php) | | [Unity](/music/po-2x/unity.php) | | [Variation 18](/music/variation18/index.php) | | [Vivaldi Summer Presto](/music/vivaldi-summer-presto/index.php) | | [Vocalise](/music/vocalise/index.php) | | [Watch Room](/scene/watchroom.php) | | [We learn the nibbles](/art/nibbles/index.php) | | [Wings I've lost in dreams](/cryptic/2/index.php) | | [Zeugma](/software/zeugma/index.php) | | Fund my projects | | --- | | [Patreon](https://patreon.com/linusakesson) | | [Steady](https://steadyhq.com/linusakesson) | | Forum | | --- | | [Register](/forum/register.php) | | [Log in](/forum/login.php) | | [Latest comments](/forum/chronological.php) | | Syndication | | --- | | [RSS feed](http://www.linusakesson.net/rssfeed.php) | | Feedback | | --- | |  | ![Linus Åkesson](img/lftface2.jpg) ## Welcome, web wanderer! My name is Linus Åkesson, though some of you may know me as **lft**. I live in Lund, Sweden. This combined homepage, blog and file archive is bilingual. If you understand Swedish, you may wish to enable even more content by checking the corresponding box near the top of the page. ## Latest pages: [![Page thumbnail](/img/pagethumbs/210.png)](/music/in-darkness-hope/index.php)### [In Darkness Hope](/music/in-darkness-hope/index.php) My SID tune *In Darkness Hope* performed live on the C=TAR. [Read more.](/music/in-darkness-hope/index.php) * [Linus Akesson - In Darkness Hope (C=TAR Version).mp3](//hd0.linusakesson.net/files/Linus Akesson - In Darkness Hope (C=TAR Version).mp3) (MP3, 7.5 MB) * [lft-in-darkness-hope.prg](//hd0.linusakesson.net/files/lft-in-darkness-hope.prg) (Original C64 executable, 5.7 kB) Posted Friday 22-Dec-2023 09:07, [0 comments](/music/in-darkness-hope/index.php). [![Page thumbnail](/img/pagethumbs/209.png)](/music/vivaldi-summer-presto/index.php)### [Vivaldi Summer Presto](/music/vivaldi-summer-presto/index.php) The Presto movement from [Vivaldi's *Summer*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Four_Seasons_(Vivaldi)) performed on Commodore-based instruments. [Read more.](/music/vivaldi-summer-presto/index.php) * [Linus Akesson - Vivaldi Summer Presto.mp3](//hd0.linusakesson.net/files/Linus Akesson - Vivaldi Summer Presto.mp3) (MP3, 4.9 MB) Posted Friday 17-Nov-2023 08:53, [1 comment](/music/vivaldi-summer-presto/index.php). [![Page thumbnail](/img/pagethumbs/208.png)](/hardware/datassettes/index.php)### [The Datassettes](/hardware/datassettes/index.php) Four Commodore 1530 Datassettes get together to sing a barbershop classic. [Read more.](/hardware/datassettes/index.php) Posted Friday 13-Oct-2023 09:45, [2 comments](/hardware/datassettes/index.php). [![Page thumbnail](/img/pagethumbs/207.png)](/music/chuck-rock/index.php)### [Chuck Rock](/music/chuck-rock/index.php) The intro theme from Chuck Rock (Amiga version) performed with an ensemble of Commodore-based instruments. [Read more.](/music/chuck-rock/index.php) Posted Friday 8-Sep-2023 07:32, [1 comment](/music/chuck-rock/index.php). [![Page thumbnail](/img/pagethumbs/206.png)](/music/three-pc-pieces/index.php)### [Three PC Pieces](/music/three-pc-pieces/index.php) Here are three tunes, originally part of PC demoscene productions, now remastered and resynthesized with better sound generation code. [Read more.](/music/three-pc-pieces/index.php) * [01 - Warpfruit](//hd0.linusakesson.net/files/Linus Akesson - Three PC Pieces/01 - Linus Akesson - Warpfruit.mp3) (MP3, 3.1 MB) * [02 - Bittersweet](//hd0.linusakesson.net/files/Linus Akesson - Three PC Pieces/02 - Linus Akesson - Bittersweet.mp3) (MP3, 5.1 MB) * [03 - Townwoofer](//hd0.linusakesson.net/files/Linus Akesson - Three PC Pieces/03 - Linus Akesson - Townwoofer.mp3) (MP3, 4.3 MB) * [Linus Akesson - Three PC Pieces.zip](//hd0.linusakesson.net/files/Linus Akesson - Three PC Pieces.zip) (Complete album, 12.4 MB) Posted Friday 18-Aug-2023 06:13, [0 comments](/music/three-pc-pieces/index.php). [![Page thumbnail](/img/pagethumbs/205.png)](/music/glyptodont-live/index.php)### [Glyptodont performed on the... Qwertar?](/music/glyptodont-live/index.php) My SID tune [Glyptodont](/music/sidstuff/glyptodont.php) performed live on a new C64-based instrument. [Read more.](/music/glyptodont-live/index.php) * [Linus Akesson - Glyptodont Live.mp3](//hd0.linusakesson.net/files/Linus Akesson - Glyptodont Live.mp3) (MP3, 7.5 MB) Posted Friday 7-Jul-2023 10:51, [10 comments](/music/glyptodont-live/index.php). [![Page thumbnail](/img/pagethumbs/204.png)](/hardware/autostart/index.php)### [C64 Cartridge on a Stripboard](/hardware/autostart/index.php) In this article I'll explain how to make a self-booting cartridge for the Commodore 64 using an 8-bit microcontroller on a stripboard. [Read more.](/hardware/autostart/index.php) * [lft-stripboard-autostart.zip](//hd0.linusakesson.net/files/lft-stripboard-autostart.zip) (Source code and schematics, 50.6 kB) Posted Friday 30-Jun-2023 12:44, [11 comments](/hardware/autostart/index.php). [Older pages](archive.php)

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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN"> <HTML> <head> <title>Whips in Xena: Warrior Princess</title> </head> <body link="#BE0021" vlink="#996600" bgcolor="#FFF7D6"> <table width=100%> <tr> <td align="left"><img src="../toplogo.gif" alt="Whoosh!" width=257 height=80></td> <td align="right"><img src="../issue14.gif" alt="Issue 14 - November 1997" width=145 height=79 border=0></td> </tr> </table> <A NAME="TOP"> </A> <hr align="center" size="1" width="50%" > <p> <center><font size="+1"><strong> <font size="5">W</font>HIPS IN <cite><font size="5">X</font>ENA: <font size="5">W</font>ARRIOR <font size="5">P</font>RINCESS </cite></strong><br> IAXS PROJECT #356<br> By <A HREF="mailto:dplunkett@therim.com">Donald Plunkett</A><br> Copyright © 1997 held by author<br> 3337 words<P> </center></font> <hr align="center" size="1" width="50%">  <br> <font size = +1><blockquote> <p> <A HREF=#do>What a Whip Can Do</A> (01-03)<br> <A HREF=#thong>Parts of a Single Thong Whip</A> (04-13)<br> <A HREF=#crack>Cracking the Whip</A> (14-15)<br> <A HREF=#get>Get a Good Whip</A> (16-21)<br> <A HREF=#carenfeed>Tending to Your Whip</A> (22-23)<br> <A HREF=#instruction>Instruction</A> (24-30)<br> <A HREF=#forward>Forward Crack</A> (31-34)<br> <A HREF=#straight>Straight Throws</A> (35-36)<br> <A HREF=#circle>Circle Crack</A> (37-38)<br> <A HREF=#tricks>Wrap Cracks and Other Tricks</A> (39-41)<br> <A HREF=#xena>Xena and Her Whip</A> (42-44)<br> <A HREF=#sites>Websites</A> (45)<br> <A HREF=#bio>Biography</A> <br> </p> </font></blockquote> <center><font size = +1> <hr align="center" size="1" width="50%" > <br> <strong>Whips in <cite>Xena: Warrior Princess</cite></strong> <br><br> <hr align="center" size="1" width="50%" > </center></font> <blockquote><font size = +1>  <br><h3><A NAME="do">What a Whip Can Do</A></h3> <br> <p><center><img src=xs07.jpg border=0 alt="This is the most clothing we've seen on Gabrielle or her descendents since '95"></center><br><br> <p><center><font size="-1"> Indiana Gabrielle, avec whip <br> in <cite> THE XENA SCROLLS</CITE> (#34)</font></center> <br><br> <sup>[01]</sup> Whips are as old as recorded history and show up in the oldest artwork. Xena's whip in the show is just a cheap prop. It is obviously very light weight to avoid injuring the stuntmen. The whip used in <cite>THE XENA SCROLLS</cite> (#34) looked to be real, however. It was in the American bullwhip pattern and probably made by one of the talented whipmakers in Australia.<p> <sup>[02]</sup> A real whip artist can break bottles, hit targets the size of a quarter, or use the whip to grab things. Australian ox drivers would flick flies off the ears of the oxen without hitting the ear. Carriage drivers would pick up lizards from the side of the road with the whip, fling them in the air, and then cut them in half. All this while the carriage was moving. Someone skilled with a whip can take a series of thumbtacks driven partway into a wall and either pull them out or drive them in as they wish.<p> <sup>[03]</sup> For purposes of this article I will only discuss the single thong whip as opposed to the cat-o-nine tails and its ilk.<p> <br><h3><A NAME="thong">Parts of a Single Thong Whip</A></h3> <br> <sup>[04]</sup> Starting at the tip is the "popper". That is the string or cord that makes the crack. Because this part of the whip gets the most abuse, it is easily replaced and frays quickly.<p> <sup>[05]</sup> Next is the "fall". This is usually a single strand of leather. On a well made whip designed for cracking it is tapered.<p> <sup>[06]</sup> The "thong" is the body of the whip. A well-made thong is braided with anywhere from 8 to 32 strips or "plaits" of leather. Eight plait is the minimum for a good whip and most run from 12 to 16 plait. Twenty plait or more is usually just decorative.<p> <sup>[07]</sup> The "belly" of the whip is the filling in the thong that gives it body and rounds it out. A well made whip will actually have a belly of 4 to 6 plait leather.<p> <sup>[09]</sup> The "handle" determines what type of whip it is.<p> <sup>[10]</sup> The "stock whip" uses a stiff handle of wood or cane that is often connected to the thong by a swivel arrangement, sometimes just a leather string. Xena's whip is a stock whip. The stock whips were the most popular style in Australia with handles up to several feet in length and thongs up to 20 feet or more.<p> <sup>[11]</sup> The "blacksnake" or "shot whip" does not really have a handle at all. The shot whip is flexible for its entire length and is loaded with lead shot near the handle to improve its handling characteristics. This style was popular in the American northwest with people that were used to using regular ropes as whips.<p> <sup>[12]</sup> The "bullwhip" has a short, stiff handle that is braided into the thong. Bullwhips are typically American, although the Aussies make some very good ones. Janice Covington's whip was a bullwhip [<cite>THE XENA SCROLLS</cite> (#34)].<p> <sup>[13]</sup> There are other styles of whip from other parts of the world, but these are the most familiar.<p> <br><h3><A NAME="crack">Cracking the Whip</A></h3> <br> <p><center><img src=xs174.jpg border=0 alt="Suddenly I have this urge to sing a Devo song"></center><br><br> <p><center><font size="-1"> Janice Covington, about to let fly <br> in <cite> THE XENA SCROLLS</CITE> (#34).</font></center> <br><br> <sup>[14]</sup> The crack of a whip is made when the tip exceeds the speed of sound. The tip is actually traveling faster than most pistol bullets. It can cut flesh or break bones, so safety is paramount. If you are using a whip outdoors it can pick up gravel or stones and send them flying as well. Whips need lots of room. Only use them in an area with enough clearance for the length of the whip plus the length of your arm in front, behind, to the sides, and above you. Never use live assistants. Mechanical holders are more reliable and last longer.<p> <sup>[15]</sup> If you are learning with a whip you will pick up a few welts. Wear sturdy clothing and a hat. Safety glasses are a must and are very inexpensive. You only get one set of eyes. Proper technique will reduce the minor injuries. A well-made whip will just about crack itself with very little effort on your part. Throw it easily and follow through. There is no need to force a whip as you would a towel or rope. At the end of the throw do not pull it back toward yourself like it was a towel. Let the whip do the work.<p> <br><h3><A NAME="get">Get a Good Whip</A></h3> <br> <sup>[16]</sup> A good whip will run several hundred dollars. Do not settle for a poorly-made whip. A good whip is an absolute joy to use and, if cared for properly, will last a lifetime. A bad whip is almost impossible to get a good crack out of and will come apart after very little use.<p> <sup>[17]</sup> I once thought about making my own whips and bought a book by David Morgan on whipmaking. There is real artistry involved in making a proper whip. It is perhaps the most difficult form of leather braiding there is and certainly beyond my abilities. Each plait must be formed precisely and the entire whip must be tapered exactly to get the correct action. Skilled whipmakers spend many years in apprenticeship learning their trade. They are few in number today. They certainly earn their pay. Do not get a cheap whip, save your dinars until you can afford a good one. Figure on spending a minimum of 125 US dollars for an 8 foot whip.<p> <sup>[18]</sup> Kangaroo leather is the best material for whips. It is strong and supple and allows for a tight braid. Kangaroo leather is also the most expensive. Latigo makes for a good whip although a bit courser and heavier than kangaroo. Buckskin makes a light, supple whip but is not very sturdy.<p> <sup>[19]</sup> The least expensive and sturdiest material of all is nylon. Nylon whips do not give a very good action and tend to be too light in weight.<p> <sup>[20]</sup> A six foot length is about minimum for most tricks. Eight to ten feet is average. Anything over ten feet can be difficult to control and anything over twelve feet is near impossible to do fine work with although I have seen whip artists do some amazing things with whips over twenty feet in length.<p> <sup>[21]</sup> At the end of this article is a list of whip makers and importers that handle good quality whips here in the states. Folks in Australia will have an easier time finding a well-made working whip as most tack shops carry them and several of the best whipmakers live in Australia (especially around New South Wales).<p> <br><h3><A NAME="carenfeed">Tending to Your Whip</A></h3> <br> <p><center><img src=pri44.jpg border=0 alt="Raise your hand if you're sure? I'll give you sure!"></center><br><br> <p><center><font size="-1"> Xena, about to return an axe to a Horde member the hard way <br> in <CITE>THE PRICE</CITE> (#44).</font></center> <br><br> <sup>[22]</sup> Do not use neet's foot or other light oils on your whips. Light oils will loosen the plaiting in short order. Bee's wax, sheep's kidney fat, or saddle soap will preserve the leather without loosening the plait. Only use your whip in grassy areas. Dirt and gravel will get into the braid and wear the whip out. Do not hit metal or sharp objects. Do not let your whip get wet. Moisture will loosen and damage leather and can cause mildew (eewwww!). And above all do not let your new puppy near the whip. Most animals think an expensive piece of leather is ideal for chewing.<p> <sup>[23]</sup> Most poppers can be replaced by the owner. The popper should be replaced long before it wears down to the fall. A fall is more difficult to replace and you might want to return the whip to the maker for fall replacement. Any other repairs would best be handled by the whip maker. Whips are designed to be used and will take weeks of constant use just to get broken in. With a little care your whip will probably outlast you.<p> <br><h3><A NAME="instruction">Instruction</A></h3> <br> <sup>[24]</sup> It is best to have personal instruction to learn how to use a whip. By taking it slowly and carefully you can teach yourself.<p> <sup>[25]</sup> David Morgan recommends a very loose grip on the ball at the end of the whip. He even suggests starting by tying a piece of string to your wrist and letting the whip hang from that.<p> <sup>[26]</sup> Most American performers use a grip similar to that used on a fishing pole. It is a relaxed grip with the thumb pointing up along the handle. To me this grip seems to give more control, however it does make it easier to try and force the whip.<p> <sup>[27]</sup> Pick a method and stick to that one. If you have access to a large polished floor area like a gymnasium lay the whip flat and slowly and easily just move it back and forth. This lets you get a feel for the action and see how the whip works in slow motion.<p> <sup>[28]</sup> To get a good crack you want a very sharp "hairpin" curve to form in the whip. As the hairpin travels the length of the whip the taper in the thong causes it to speed up. When the popper finally travels around the curve it will break the sound barrier and crack. That is also the point where the whip is expending the most energy and where it will do the most damage.<p> <sup>[29]</sup> When you throw the whip use a full arm motion like throwing a baseball and follow through toward your target. Do not pull back on the whip or try to snap it. The motion should be smooth and easy. The whip will do the work. Let the whip move at its own pace. A longer, heavier whip will take longer to reach the end of its motion. Trying to speed it up or force it means more work for you with less satisfying results.<p> <sup>[30]</sup> Practice and you will develop a feel for the rhythm your whip demands. Enough time spent just handling the whip will allow you to make it do whatever you want with very little effort.<p> <br><h3><A NAME="forward">Forward Crack</A></h3> <br> <p><center><img src=whipme.jpg border=0 alt="Did I put on clean underwear?"></center><br><br> <p><center><font size="-1"> The extension of a whip helps when one has to extricate oneself from a plot complication.</font></center> <br><br> <sup>[31]</sup> The first trick is the forward crack. This trick is easiest with the shorter whips, and can be very difficult with the longer whips. It gives a loud crack. Hold the handle in your hand with the whip trailing on the ground straight out behind you. If it is wrapped behind you it might catch your leg as it goes by. Your thumb is pointing down to the ground with your hand hanging at your side. Swing your arm up (forwards) in a fast-paced, constant, fluid (not jerky) motion so the hand ends up above your shoulder, palm facing toward your ear beside your head, with the elbow pointing at your target. The speed should be enough so that the whip is fully extended throughout the upswing, not flopping or wiggling.<p> <sup>[32]</sup> For these first practice runs let the whip just fall to the ground behind you (do not follow through yet). Practice this so that the whip flies firmly through the air. Do not <cite>jerk</cite> the whip up, swing it fluidly.<p> <sup>[33]</sup> Next try it with the full follow through. When the whip tip (popper) starts dropping down behind you, step forward with the opposite leg (left leg for right handed throwers) and throw the whip forward. Keep the thumb on top (palm towards ear) and snap the wrist like you are using a hammer or casting a fishing pole. Follow through to a target you have aimed at in the distance (this is important) like a tree or telephone pole. Do not pull the whip down at the end so that it crashes into the ground (most people do this in the beginning). Throw the whip out straight and finish with your arm pointing straight out to the target. The body of the whip will travel past your shoulder creating a loop in the whip. The loop is the essential part of the delivery. It is what makes the tip go pop. When you swing the whip up and cock your wrist at the top (next to your ear) the tip of the whip is starting to swing down and forward under your elbow. When you throw the whip forward, the tip continues forward (past your shoulder or hip) and creates the loop as described above.<p> <sup>[34]</sup> This is why a good whip is so important. A cheap, lightweight whip will not have enough weight at the tip for this to happen. The tip will just follow the thong and not create the loop. The crack with this throw occurs fairly near the thrower so be careful.<p> <br><h3><A NAME="straight">Straight Throws</A></h3> <br> <sup>[35]</sup> Straight throws, whether overhand, underhand or sidearm, are the easiest to do with the longer whips. They are the most accurate for target work but do not make the loudest cracks. This is like the forward crack but done with a sidearm or underhand throw. Set up like with the forward crack (the whip is trailing behind you) but hold your hand and arm in a position as if you are "hitch-hiking a ride". Your palm is up and your thumb is on the near side of the handle pointing behind you. You will be pushing the whip forward with your thumb as if you are casting a fishing pole in a sidearm manner. In order to make the all-important loop, you must have as much of the whip up off the ground as possible (or it will droop below your arm). Think of this as if at the first moment of the throw, you are lifting the entire whip up off the ground. There is a little bit of a "lift up" with the hand at the first moment as you are throwing forward. It is not separate from the throw, it is part of it.<p> <sup>[36]</sup> An easy throw without cracking the whip sets it up in the air for a powerful crack in the opposite direction. Eventually you will be able to crack it in any direction and then move from that crack to the next, keeping the whip in the air at all times.<p> <br><h3><A NAME="circle">Circle Crack</A></h3> <br> <sup>[37]</sup> The circle crack makes the loudest crack, however, it is tough on the whip. Timing is critical with this trick. The crack occurs right next to your head so it is probably the most dangerous trick as well. It is the only way to get a badly-made whip to crack.<p> <sup>[38]</sup> Swing the whip in a circle over your head. Do not swing too fast, just enough so that the whip is airborne and straight. Have enough clearance on all sides! When the tip of the whip is behind you and a little to the right, (assuming you are right-handed) cease the circular motion, and instead bring you arm forward, as if casting a fishing line. Try to aim off to the right a little. As the whip starts coming forward, make sure you snap that wrist. Make sure you throw off to the side somewhat. This will make the whip miss your head, which is important.<p> <br><h3><A NAME="tricks">Wrap Cracks and Other Tricks</A></h3> <br> <sup>[39]</sup> For wraps or cutting it is not necessary to get a good crack. If you are working for an audience however, they will expect one. The trick is to crack the whip past the target and then follow through with the wrap or cut.<p> <sup>[40]</sup> Practice your cutting with newspaper hung on string or taped to a cardboard frame. Do not use anything that will damage the whip if you hit it accidently. For practicing wraps, a nice smooth metal pole is ideal. Again, do not use anything sharp or abrasive. When you get a feel for your whip you can try grabbing smaller and smaller objects. Eventually you may be able to pull the caps off of bottles with it.<p> <sup>[41]</sup> Some other fancier tricks include: The Hungarian Pig Drover's Crack, The Quick Sixer, The Just Try It Young Ned, and The Queensland Flash. There are also Stockman's Chop contests held where a series of paper targets are cut while riding by on horseback at a full gallop. For full descriptions see the websites listed below.<p> <br><h3><A NAME="xena">Xena and Her Whip</A></h3> <br> <p><center><img src=q214.jpg border=0 alt="Ever notice how my being left-handed wasn't a problem for the continuity people?"></center><br><br> <p><center><font size="-1"> It's Autolycus' body, but Xena's driving in <cite>THE QUEST</cite> (#37) as she's about to use the whip in another handy escape.</font></center> <br><br> <sup>[42]</sup> Although Xena uses her whip quite effectively in combat, the longer single thong whips are not really suited for it. They force the user into a definite rhythm that can be predicted and disrupted. In addition, there is a very limited distance at which the end of the whip is traveling fast enough to do the maximum amount of damage. If your opponent moves inside or outside that distance, the whip can lose much of its effect.<p> <sup>[43]</sup> Whips most commonly used in martial arts tend to be short fast whips and they are often fairly stiff out to the end. Examples include whips made from the tails of stingrays (baku) and the African sjambok. The baku has the added benefit(?) of containing a potentially lethal neurotoxin. The Chinese chain whips do not really provide a whip-like action, although they are brutally effective.<p> <sup>[44]</sup> Because an opponent might risk the damage a whip can incur and close in on you, it is best to have a weapon such as a dagger in the other hand. Of course it has been proven time and again that getting close to Xena in a fight does not lead to a long and healthy life.<p> <sup>[45]</sup> The whip is one of Xena's many interesting weapons and whip handling is just one of her "many skills". If you decide to try whip handling go ahead and invest in a quality whip. Also invest in the time to develop your skills. It does not take long to turn from work to fun. It turns into a hobby that will give you many hours of pleasure and a great deal of exercise. It is also an unusual hobby and the whips are real conversation pieces. Who knows? Maybe we will see you putting on demonstrations at the next fair or stunt doubling for our favorite Warrior Princess.<p> <br><h3><A NAME="sites">Websites</A></h3> <br> <sup>[46]</sup> Here are some websites with information on real working whips.<p> <a href="http://www.juggling.org/help/circus-arts/bullwhip.html">htt p://www.juggling.org/help/circus-arts/bullwhip.html</a><br> This site has information on buying, caring for, and using whips. It is primarily geared to stage and circus performers. You will find some neat quicktime videos here.<p> <a href="http://www.davidmorgan.com/">http://www.davidmorgan.com/</a ><br> David Morgan's catalog. David Morgan made the whips used in the Indiana Jones films. He also supplied the whips used by Catwoman (Michelle Pfeiffer) in the Batman movie. I would not be surprised to find that one of his whip suppliers in Australia also provided the whip used by Dr. Janice Covington (Renee O'Connor) in <cite>THE XENA SCROLLS</cite> (#34). His whips are top quality and he gives lots of information on the care of whips.<p> <a href="http://www.davidmorgan.com/CATALOGS/DM/dm58|catalog?1958274 018788748848765197817">http://www.davidmorgan.com/CATALOGS/DM/dm5 8|catalog?1958274018788748848765197817</a><br> This is the bullwhip part of David Morgan's catalog.<p> Krist King here in the states makes excellent whips at almost half the cost of David Morgan's. You can order his whips from:<br> <blockquote> The Leathersmith<br> 7369 Park Place<br> Boulder, CO 80301-3960<br> 303-530-1857<p> </blockquote> I own and use King's whips and wholeheartedly recommend them. At one time Krist held the world record for the longest plaited whip at over 185 feet!<p> <a href="http://www.ozemail.com.au/~welmat/whips.htm">http://www.oze mail.com.au/~welmat/whips.htm</a><br> Matt Welsby on how to make a whip.<p> <a href="http://www.crl.com/~mjr/whip.refs.html">http://www.crl.com/ ~mjr/whip.refs.html</a><br> Thrower whip page. Tons of information on all sorts of unusual weapons, including the chakram.<p> <a href="http://www.crl.com/~mjr/shortwhip.1.html">http://www.crl.co m/~mjr/shortwhip.1.html</a><br> The martial use of whips.<p> <br><h3><A NAME="bio">Biography</A></h3> <br> <font size="3"><img src="../pictures/nopic.jpg" width=125 height=106 hspace=10border=0 align="left" alt="Donald Plunkett"> <strong><a href="mailto:dplunkett@therim.com">Donald Plunkett</a></strong> <br>  I'm former military. I collect knives, swords, and most other types of weapons. I enjoy board games, raquetball, fencing (both foil and kendo), archery, and sport judo. I've tried most types of martial arts but I've been practicing jujitsu and escrima the longest (maybe someday I'll even get them right). My little speckled snake is named "Snake" and my little speckled dog is named Shelby. I live in the White Mountains of Arizona. <br> <strong>Favorite episode:</strong> <cite>A DAY IN THE LIFE </cite> (#39)<br> <strong>Favorite line:</strong> Vidalus: "I'm under a lot of pressure here..." <cite>BLIND FAITH </cite> (#42)<br> <strong>First episode seen:</strong> <cite>THE WARRIOR PRINCESS </cite> (#H09)<br> <strong>Least favorite episode:</strong> Anything with Joxer in it, except those with Callisto.</font>  </font></blockquote> <br> <center> <table width="85%" border=0 cellspacing=10 cellpadding=3 > <tr> <td align=center><a href="#top"><img src="../returntotop.gif" alt="Return to Top" border=0 width=110 height=90></a></td> <td align=center><a href="../index.html"><img src="../whoosh_s.gif" alt="Return to Index" border=0 width=168 height=90></a></td> </tr> </table> </center> <br>  <center> <a href="../epguide/index.html"><img src="../epguidesm.gif" alt="Episode Guide" width=80 height=55 border=0></a> <a href="../faq/index.html"><img src="../faqsm.gif" alt="FAQ" width=80 height=55 border=0></a> <a href="../dates.html"><img src="../airdatessm.gif" alt="Air Dates" width=80 height=55 border=0></a> <a href="../xenaica/index.html"><img src="../encycsm.gif" alt="Encyclopedia Xenaica" width=80 height=55 border=0></a> <a href="../iaxs/faqs/faqs1.html"><img src="../membersm.gif" alt="Membership" width=80 height=55 border=0></a> <a href="../iaxs/faqs/faqs2.html"><img src="../subsm.gif" alt="Submission" width=80 height=55 border=0></a> <a href="../backiss.html"><img src="../backsm.gif" alt="Back Issues" width=80 height=55 border=0></a> </center> </body> </HTML>

Whips in Xena: Warrior Princess | | | | --- | --- | | Whoosh! | Issue 14 - November 1997 | --- **WHIPS IN XENA: WARRIOR PRINCESS** IAXS PROJECT #356 By [Donald Plunkett](mailto:dplunkett@therim.com) Copyright © 1997 held by author 3337 words --- > > > [What a Whip Can Do](#do) (01-03) > > [Parts of a Single Thong Whip](#thong) (04-13) > > [Cracking the Whip](#crack) (14-15) > > [Get a Good Whip](#get) (16-21) > > [Tending to Your Whip](#carenfeed) (22-23) > > [Instruction](#instruction) (24-30) > > [Forward Crack](#forward) (31-34) > > [Straight Throws](#straight) (35-36) > > [Circle Crack](#circle) (37-38) > > [Wrap Cracks and Other Tricks](#tricks) (39-41) > > [Xena and Her Whip](#xena) (42-44) > > [Websites](#sites) (45) > > [Biography](#bio) > > > > > --- **Whips in Xena: Warrior Princess** --- > > > > ### What a Whip Can Do > > > > > ![This is the most clothing we've seen on Gabrielle or her > descendents since '95](xs07.jpg) > > > Indiana Gabrielle, avec whip > in > THE XENA SCROLLS (#34) > > > > [01] Whips are as old as recorded history and > > show up in the oldest artwork. Xena's whip in the show is > > just a cheap prop. It is obviously very light weight to > > avoid injuring the stuntmen. The whip used in THE XENA > > SCROLLS (#34) looked to be real, however. It was in > > the American bullwhip pattern and probably made by one of > > the talented whipmakers in Australia. > [02] A real whip artist can break bottles, hit > > targets the size of a quarter, or use the whip to grab > > things. Australian ox drivers would flick flies off the ears > > of the oxen without hitting the ear. Carriage drivers would > > pick up lizards from the side of the road with the whip, > > fling them in the air, and then cut them in half. All this > > while the carriage was moving. Someone skilled with a whip > > can take a series of thumbtacks driven partway into a wall > > and either pull them out or drive them in as they wish. > [03] For purposes of this article I will only > > discuss the single thong whip as opposed to the cat-o-nine > > tails and its ilk. > > ### Parts of a Single Thong Whip > > > > > [04] Starting at the tip is the "popper". That is > > the string or cord that makes the crack. Because this part > > of the whip gets the most abuse, it is easily replaced and > > frays quickly. > [05] Next is the "fall". This is usually a single > > strand of leather. On a well made whip designed for cracking > > it is tapered. > [06] The "thong" is the body of the whip. A > > well-made thong is braided with anywhere from 8 to 32 strips > > or "plaits" of leather. Eight plait is the minimum for a > > good whip and most run from 12 to 16 plait. Twenty plait or > > more is usually just decorative. > [07] The "belly" of the whip is the filling in > > the thong that gives it body and rounds it out. A well made > > whip will actually have a belly of 4 to 6 plait leather. > [09] The "handle" determines what type of whip it > > is. > [10] The "stock whip" uses a stiff handle of wood > > or cane that is often connected to the thong by a swivel > > arrangement, sometimes just a leather string. Xena's whip is > > a stock whip. The stock whips were the most popular style in > > Australia with handles up to several feet in length and > > thongs up to 20 feet or more. > [11] The "blacksnake" or "shot whip" does not > > really have a handle at all. The shot whip is flexible for > > its entire length and is loaded with lead shot near the > > handle to improve its handling characteristics. This style > > was popular in the American northwest with people that were > > used to using regular ropes as whips. > [12] The "bullwhip" has a short, stiff handle that > > is braided into the thong. Bullwhips are typically American, > > although the Aussies make some very good ones. Janice > > Covington's whip was a bullwhip [THE XENA > > SCROLLS (#34)]. > [13] There are other styles of whip from other > > parts of the world, but these are the most familiar. > > ### Cracking the Whip > > > > > ![Suddenly I have this urge to sing a Devo > song](xs174.jpg) > > > Janice Covington, about to let fly > > in THE XENA SCROLLS (#34). > > > > [14] The crack of a whip is made when the tip > > exceeds the speed of sound. The tip is actually traveling > > faster than most pistol bullets. It can cut flesh or break > > bones, so safety is paramount. If you are using a whip > > outdoors it can pick up gravel or stones and send them > > flying as well. Whips need lots of room. Only use them in an > > area with enough clearance for the length of the whip plus > > the length of your arm in front, behind, to the sides, and > > above you. Never use live assistants. Mechanical holders are > > more reliable and last longer. > [15] If you are learning with a whip you will > > pick up a few welts. Wear sturdy clothing and a hat. Safety > > glasses are a must and are very inexpensive. You only get > > one set of eyes. Proper technique will reduce the minor > > injuries. A well-made whip will just about crack itself with > > very little effort on your part. Throw it easily and follow > > through. There is no need to force a whip as you would a > > towel or rope. At the end of the throw do not pull it back > > toward yourself like it was a towel. Let the whip do the > > work. > > ### Get a Good Whip > > > > > [16] A good whip will run several hundred > > dollars. Do not settle for a poorly-made whip. A good whip > > is an absolute joy to use and, if cared for properly, will > > last a lifetime. A bad whip is almost impossible to get a > > good crack out of and will come apart after very little > > use. > [17] I once thought about making my own whips and > > bought a book by David Morgan on whipmaking. There is real > > artistry involved in making a proper whip. It is perhaps the > > most difficult form of leather braiding there is and > > certainly beyond my abilities. Each plait must be formed > > precisely and the entire whip must be tapered exactly to get > > the correct action. Skilled whipmakers spend many years in > > apprenticeship learning their trade. They are few in number > > today. They certainly earn their pay. Do not get a cheap > > whip, save your dinars until you can afford a good one. > > Figure on spending a minimum of 125 US dollars for an 8 foot > > whip. > [18] Kangaroo leather is the best material for > > whips. It is strong and supple and allows for a tight braid. > > Kangaroo leather is also the most expensive. Latigo makes > > for a good whip although a bit courser and heavier than > > kangaroo. Buckskin makes a light, supple whip but is not > > very sturdy. > [19] The least expensive and sturdiest material > > of all is nylon. Nylon whips do not give a very good action > > and tend to be too light in weight. > [20] A six foot length is about minimum for most > > tricks. Eight to ten feet is average. Anything over ten > > feet can be difficult to control and anything over twelve > > feet is near impossible to do fine work with although I have > > seen whip artists do some amazing things with whips over > > twenty feet in length. > [21] At the end of this article is a list of whip > > makers and importers that handle good quality whips here in > > the states. Folks in Australia will have an easier time > > finding a well-made working whip as most tack shops carry > > them and several of the best whipmakers live in Australia > > (especially around New South Wales). > > ### Tending to Your Whip > > > > > ![Raise your hand if you're sure? I'll give you > sure!](pri44.jpg) > > > Xena, about to return an axe to a > Horde member the hard way > in THE PRICE > (#44). > > > > [22] Do not use neet's foot or other light oils > > on your whips. Light oils will loosen the plaiting in short > > order. Bee's wax, sheep's kidney fat, or saddle soap will > > preserve the leather without loosening the plait. Only use > > your whip in grassy areas. Dirt and gravel will get into the > > braid and wear the whip out. Do not hit metal or sharp > > objects. Do not let your whip get wet. Moisture will loosen > > and damage leather and can cause mildew (eewwww!). And above > > all do not let your new puppy near the whip. Most animals > > think an expensive piece of leather is ideal for chewing. > [23] Most poppers can be replaced by the owner. > > The popper should be replaced long before it wears down to > > the fall. A fall is more difficult to replace and you might > > want to return the whip to the maker for fall replacement. > > Any other repairs would best be handled by the whip maker. > > Whips are designed to be used and will take weeks of > > constant use just to get broken in. With a little care your > > whip will probably outlast you. > > ### Instruction > > > > > [24] It is best to have personal instruction to > > learn how to use a whip. By taking it slowly and carefully > > you can teach yourself. > [25] David Morgan recommends a very loose grip on > > the ball at the end of the whip. He even suggests starting > > by tying a piece of string to your wrist and letting the > > whip hang from that. > [26] Most American performers use a grip similar > > to that used on a fishing pole. It is a relaxed grip with > > the thumb pointing up along the handle. To me this grip > > seems to give more control, however it does make it easier > > to try and force the whip. > [27] Pick a method and stick to that one. If you > > have access to a large polished floor area like a gymnasium > > lay the whip flat and slowly and easily just move it back > > and forth. This lets you get a feel for the action and see > > how the whip works in slow motion. > [28] To get a good crack you want a very sharp > > "hairpin" curve to form in the whip. As the hairpin travels > > the length of the whip the taper in the thong causes it to > > speed up. When the popper finally travels around the curve > > it will break the sound barrier and crack. That is also the > > point where the whip is expending the most energy and where > > it will do the most damage. > [29] When you throw the whip use a full arm > > motion like throwing a baseball and follow through toward > > your target. Do not pull back on the whip or try to snap it. > > The motion should be smooth and easy. The whip will do the > > work. Let the whip move at its own pace. A longer, heavier > > whip will take longer to reach the end of its motion. Trying > > to speed it up or force it means more work for you with less > > satisfying results. > [30] Practice and you will develop a feel for the > > rhythm your whip demands. Enough time spent just handling > > the whip will allow you to make it do whatever you want with > > very little effort. > > ### Forward Crack > > > > > ![Did I put on clean underwear?](whipme.jpg) > > > The extension of a whip helps when > one has to extricate oneself from a plot > complication. > > > > [31] The first trick is the forward crack. This > > trick is easiest with the shorter whips, and can be very > > difficult with the longer whips. It gives a loud crack. Hold > > the handle in your hand with the whip trailing on the ground > > straight out behind you. If it is wrapped behind you it > > might catch your leg as it goes by. Your thumb is pointing > > down to the ground with your hand hanging at your side. > > Swing your arm up (forwards) in a fast-paced, constant, > > fluid (not jerky) motion so the hand ends up above your > > shoulder, palm facing toward your ear beside your head, with > > the elbow pointing at your target. The speed should be > > enough so that the whip is fully extended throughout the > > upswing, not flopping or wiggling. > [32] For these first practice runs let the whip > > just fall to the ground behind you (do not follow through > > yet). Practice this so that the whip flies firmly through > > the air. Do not jerk the whip up, swing it > > fluidly. > [33] Next try it with the full follow through. > > When the whip tip (popper) starts dropping down behind you, > > step forward with the opposite leg (left leg for right > > handed throwers) and throw the whip forward. Keep the thumb > > on top (palm towards ear) and snap the wrist like you are > > using a hammer or casting a fishing pole. Follow through to > > a target you have aimed at in the distance (this is > > important) like a tree or telephone pole. Do not pull the > > whip down at the end so that it crashes into the ground > > (most people do this in the beginning). Throw the whip out > > straight and finish with your arm pointing straight out to > > the target. The body of the whip will travel past your > > shoulder creating a loop in the whip. The loop is the > > essential part of the delivery. It is what makes the tip go > > pop. When you swing the whip up and cock your wrist at the > > top (next to your ear) the tip of the whip is starting to > > swing down and forward under your elbow. When you throw the > > whip forward, the tip continues forward (past your shoulder > > or hip) and creates the loop as described above. > [34] This is why a good whip is so important. A > > cheap, lightweight whip will not have enough weight at the > > tip for this to happen. The tip will just follow the thong > > and not create the loop. The crack with this throw occurs > > fairly near the thrower so be careful. > > ### Straight Throws > > > > > [35] Straight throws, whether overhand, underhand > > or sidearm, are the easiest to do with the longer whips. > > They are the most accurate for target work but do not make > > the loudest cracks. This is like the forward crack but done > > with a sidearm or underhand throw. Set up like with the > > forward crack (the whip is trailing behind you) but hold > > your hand and arm in a position as if you are "hitch-hiking > > a ride". Your palm is up and your thumb is on the near side > > of the handle pointing behind you. You will be pushing the > > whip forward with your thumb as if you are casting a fishing > > pole in a sidearm manner. In order to make the all-important > > loop, you must have as much of the whip up off the ground as > > possible (or it will droop below your arm). Think of this as > > if at the first moment of the throw, you are lifting the > > entire whip up off the ground. There is a little bit of a > > "lift up" with the hand at the first moment as you are > > throwing forward. It is not separate from the throw, it is > > part of it. > [36] An easy throw without cracking the whip sets > > it up in the air for a powerful crack in the opposite > > direction. Eventually you will be able to crack it in any > > direction and then move from that crack to the next, keeping > > the whip in the air at all times. > > ### Circle Crack > > > > > [37] The circle crack makes the loudest crack, > > however, it is tough on the whip. Timing is critical with > > this trick. The crack occurs right next to your head so it > > is probably the most dangerous trick as well. It is the only > > way to get a badly-made whip to crack. > [38] Swing the whip in a circle over your head. > > Do not swing too fast, just enough so that the whip is > > airborne and straight. Have enough clearance on all sides! > > When the tip of the whip is behind you and a little to the > > right, (assuming you are right-handed) cease the circular > > motion, and instead bring you arm forward, as if casting a > > fishing line. Try to aim off to the right a little. As the > > whip starts coming forward, make sure you snap that wrist. > > Make sure you throw off to the side somewhat. This will make > > the whip miss your head, which is important. > > ### Wrap Cracks and Other Tricks > > > > > [39] For wraps or cutting it is not necessary to > > get a good crack. If you are working for an audience > > however, they will expect one. The trick is to crack the > > whip past the target and then follow through with the wrap > > or cut. > [40] Practice your cutting with newspaper hung on > > string or taped to a cardboard frame. Do not use anything > > that will damage the whip if you hit it accidently. For > > practicing wraps, a nice smooth metal pole is ideal. Again, > > do not use anything sharp or abrasive. When you get a feel > > for your whip you can try grabbing smaller and smaller > > objects. Eventually you may be able to pull the caps off of > > bottles with it. > [41] Some other fancier tricks include: The > > Hungarian Pig Drover's Crack, The Quick Sixer, The Just Try > > It Young Ned, and The Queensland Flash. There are also > > Stockman's Chop contests held where a series of paper > > targets are cut while riding by on horseback at a full > > gallop. For full descriptions see the websites listed > > below. > > ### Xena and Her Whip > > > > > ![Ever notice how my being left-handed wasn't a problem for > the > continuity people?](q214.jpg) > > > It's Autolycus' body, but Xena's > driving in THE QUEST (#37) as she's about to use the > whip in another handy escape. > > > > [42] Although Xena uses her whip quite > > effectively in combat, the longer single thong whips are not > > really suited for it. They force the user into a definite > > rhythm that can be predicted and disrupted. In addition, > > there is a very limited distance at which the end of the > > whip is traveling fast enough to do the maximum amount of > > damage. If your opponent moves inside or outside that > > distance, the whip can lose much of its effect. > [43] Whips most commonly used in martial arts > > tend to be short fast whips and they are often fairly stiff > > out to the end. Examples include whips made from the tails > > of stingrays (baku) and the African sjambok. The baku has > > the added benefit(?) of containing a potentially lethal > > neurotoxin. The Chinese chain whips do not really provide a > > whip-like action, although they are brutally effective. > [44] Because an opponent might risk the damage a > > whip can incur and close in on you, it is best to have a > > weapon such as a dagger in the other hand. Of course it has > > been proven time and again that getting close to Xena in a > > fight does not lead to a long and healthy life. > [45] The whip is one of Xena's many interesting > > weapons and whip handling is just one of her "many skills". > > If you decide to try whip handling go ahead and invest in a > > quality whip. Also invest in the time to develop your > > skills. It does not take long to turn from work to fun. It > > turns into a hobby that will give you many hours of pleasure > > and a great deal of exercise. It is also an unusual hobby > > and the whips are real conversation pieces. Who knows? Maybe > > we will see you putting on demonstrations at the next fair > > or stunt doubling for our favorite Warrior Princess. > > ### Websites > > > > > [46] Here are some websites with information on > > real working whips. > [htt > p://www.juggling.org/help/circus-arts/bullwhip.html](http://www.juggling.org/help/circus-arts/bullwhip.html) > > > This site has information on buying, caring for, and using > > whips. It is primarily geared to stage and circus > > performers. You will find some neat quicktime videos > > here. > <http://www.davidmorgan.com/> > > > David Morgan's catalog. David Morgan made the whips used in > > the Indiana Jones films. He also supplied the whips used by > > Catwoman (Michelle Pfeiffer) in the Batman movie. I would > > not be surprised to find that one of his whip suppliers in > > Australia also provided the whip used by Dr. Janice > > Covington (Renee O'Connor) in THE XENA SCROLLS > > (#34). His whips are top quality and he gives lots of > > information on the care of whips. > [http://www.davidmorgan.com/CATALOGS/DM/dm5 > 8|catalog?1958274018788748848765197817](http://www.davidmorgan.com/CATALOGS/DM/dm58|catalog?1958274 > 018788748848765197817) > > > This is the bullwhip part of David Morgan's catalog. > > > > Krist King here in the states makes excellent whips at > > almost half the cost of David Morgan's. You can order his > > whips from: > > > > > > > > The Leathersmith > > > > > > 7369 Park Place > > > > > > Boulder, CO 80301-3960 > > > > > > 303-530-1857 > > > > > > > > > > > > I own and use King's whips and wholeheartedly recommend > > them. At one time Krist held the world record for the > > longest plaited whip at over 185 feet! > [http://www.oze > mail.com.au/~welmat/whips.htm](http://www.ozemail.com.au/~welmat/whips.htm) > > > Matt Welsby on how to make a whip. > [http://www.crl.com/ > ~mjr/whip.refs.html](http://www.crl.com/~mjr/whip.refs.html) > > > Thrower whip page. Tons of information on all sorts of > > unusual weapons, including the chakram. > [http://www.crl.co > m/~mjr/shortwhip.1.html](http://www.crl.com/~mjr/shortwhip.1.html) > > > The martial use of whips. > > ### Biography > > > > > ![Donald Plunkett](../pictures/nopic.jpg) > **[Donald > Plunkett](mailto:dplunkett@therim.com)** > > > > I'm former military. I collect knives, swords, and most other > types of weapons. I enjoy board games, raquetball, fencing (both > foil and kendo), archery, and sport judo. I've tried most types > of martial arts but I've been practicing jujitsu and escrima the > longest (maybe someday I'll even get them right). My little > speckled snake is named "Snake" and my little speckled dog is > named Shelby. I live in the White Mountains of Arizona. > > > **Favorite episode:** A DAY IN THE LIFE > (#39) > > **Favorite line:** Vidalus: "I'm under a lot of > pressure here..." BLIND FAITH (#42) > > **First episode seen:** THE WARRIOR PRINCESS > > (#H09) > > **Least favorite episode:** Anything with Joxer in > it, except those with Callisto. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > | | | | --- | --- | | [Return to Top](#top) | [Return to Index](../index.html) | [![Episode Guide](../epguidesm.gif)](../epguide/index.html) [![FAQ](../faqsm.gif)](../faq/index.html) [![Air Dates](../airdatessm.gif)](../dates.html) [![Encyclopedia Xenaica](../encycsm.gif)](../xenaica/index.html) [![Membership](../membersm.gif)](../iaxs/faqs/faqs1.html) [![Submission](../subsm.gif)](../iaxs/faqs/faqs2.html) [![Back Issues](../backsm.gif)](../backiss.html)

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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"> <title>Robot Hut Museum</title> <meta name="author" content="John R"> <meta name="description" content="Toy Robots and Movie Props"> </head> <body text="#000000" bgcolor="#330033" link="#ffffff" vlink="#33ccff" alink="#33ff33"> <img src="robothut6.jpg" alt="The Robot Hut Museum" width="600" height="480">   <big><big><a href="http://www.robothut.robotnut.com/indextrobot.html"><br> </a> </big></big> <h1><small><small><small><font color="#ffffff"> Picture by Bob Jenson</font></small></small></small></h1> <br> <br> <big><big><a href="http://www.robothut.robotnut.com/indextrobot.html"><img src="toyb.jpg" alt="Toy Robots" width="100" height="100"> <big><br> </big></a> </big></big><big><big><a href="http://www.robothut.robotnut.com/indextrobot.html"> Visit TOY ROBOT COLLECTIONS from around the World!<br> <br> </a> </big></big><br> <br> <a href="http://www.robothut.robotnut.com/3dhutp1.html"><img src="3dicon.jpg" alt="Tour the Robot Hut in 3D" width="100" height="100"> </a> <br> <a href="http://www.robothut.robotnut.com/3dhutp1.html"><font size="+2">Tour the Robot Hut in 3D. You will need Red/Blue 3D glasses<br> <br> </font></a> <br> <br> <font size="+2"><a href="http://www.robothut.robotnut.com/project.html"><big><big><a href="http://www.robothut.robotnut.com/project.html"><img src="project.jpg" alt="Project Book" width="100" height="100"> </a> </big></big></a> <a href="http://www.robothut.robotnut.com/project.html"><br> Visit the Project Book section to see what I have built.</a> </font> <h1></h1> <br> <br> <br> <a href="http://www.robothut.robotnut.com/vids.html"><img src="mmbg.jpg" alt="video down load files" width="100" height="100"> </a> <big><big><a href="http://www.robothut.robotnut.com/vids.html"><br> Down load video files of robots and SF FI Props , also mp3 Old Time Radio files<br> <br> </a> </big></big><br> <big><big><a href="http://www.robothut.robotnut.com/riggnews1.html"><img src="newsb.jpg" alt="Robot Hut in the News" width="100" height="100"> <br> Robot Hut in the News </a> </big></big><big><big><br> </big></big><br> <br> <big><big><a href="http://www.robothut.robotnut.com/rhutvisit.html"><img src="visit.jpg" alt="Visit the Robot Hut" width="100" height="100"> <br> Want to visit the Robot Hut ?</a> </big></big><br> <big><big><br> </big></big><big><big><a href="http://www.robothut.robotnut.com/links.html"><br> <img src="linkb.jpg" alt="Other Robot Links" width="100" height="100"> <br> My LINKS page</a> <br> <br> </big></big><big><big><br> </big></big><br> <big><big><a href="mailto:robothut@yahoo.com"><img src="emailb.jpg" alt="Email the Robot Hut" width="100" height="100"> <br> Send an Email to The Robot Hut "robothut@yahoo.com"</a> </big></big><br> <br> <br> <br> <a target="_top" href="http://v.extreme-dm.com/?login=robothut"><img name="im" src="http://v1.extreme-dm.com/i.gif" height="38" border="0" width="41" alt=""> </a> <script language="javascript"> </script> <script language="javascript1.2"> </script> <script language="javascript"> </script> <noscript><img height=1 width=1 alt="" src="http://v0.extreme-dm.com/0.gif?tag=robothut&j=n"></noscript> <br> </body> </html>

Robot Hut Museum ![The Robot Hut Museum](robothut6.jpg) # Picture by Bob Jenson [![Toy Robots](toyb.jpg)](http://www.robothut.robotnut.com/indextrobot.html) [Visit TOY ROBOT COLLECTIONS from around the World!](http://www.robothut.robotnut.com/indextrobot.html) [![Tour the Robot Hut in 3D](3dicon.jpg)](http://www.robothut.robotnut.com/3dhutp1.html) [Tour the Robot Hut in 3D. You will need Red/Blue 3D glasses](http://www.robothut.robotnut.com/3dhutp1.html) [[![Project Book](project.jpg)](http://www.robothut.robotnut.com/project.html)](http://www.robothut.robotnut.com/project.html) [Visit the Project Book section to see what I have built.](http://www.robothut.robotnut.com/project.html) # [![video down load files](mmbg.jpg)](http://www.robothut.robotnut.com/vids.html) [Down load video files of robots and SF FI Props , also mp3 Old Time Radio files](http://www.robothut.robotnut.com/vids.html) [![Robot Hut in the News](newsb.jpg) Robot Hut in the News](http://www.robothut.robotnut.com/riggnews1.html) [![Visit the Robot Hut](visit.jpg) Want to visit the Robot Hut ?](http://www.robothut.robotnut.com/rhutvisit.html) [![Other Robot Links](linkb.jpg) My LINKS page](http://www.robothut.robotnut.com/links.html) [![Email the Robot Hut](emailb.jpg) Send an Email to The Robot Hut "robothut@yahoo.com"](mailto:robothut@yahoo.com) [![](http://v1.extreme-dm.com/i.gif)](http://v.extreme-dm.com/?login=robothut)    ![](http://v0.extreme-dm.com/0.gif?tag=robothut&j=n)

http://www.robothut.robotnut.com/

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class='post-header'> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> </div> <div class='post-body entry-content'> <div id='aim12380517272698239645'></div> <div style='clear:both; margin:10px 0'> <div id='aim12380517272698239645'></div> <div style='clear:both; margin:10px 0'> <div id='aim12380517272698239645'></div> <div style='clear:both; margin:10px 0'> </div> <div id='aim22380517272698239645'> <script type="text/javascript"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> <br /> Please submit on or before 12:00 nn of January 6, 2013. Those submitted after the said date and time will be marked zero (0).<br /> <br /> 1. At what values of x does the graph of y = sec x have a horizontal tangent?<br /> <br /> 2. Find the derivate of Csc (3x - 5).<br /> <br /> 3. Find the first derivative of y = cos x / 1 - sin x.<br /> <br /> 4. Find an equation of the tangent line at the point P = (1, 1) on the curve <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: medium;">y</span></span><sup><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: medium;">4</span></span></sup><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> + xy = x</span></span><sup><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: medium;">3</span></span></sup><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> − x + 2</span></span></span><br /> <div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> </div> <br /> 5. Find y' if y = sin( cos x) <br /> <br /> 6. A person x inches tall has a pulse rate of y beats per minute, as given approximately by<br /> <br /> y = 590x-1/2          30 <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">≤</span> X <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">≤ </span>75<br /> <br /> What is the instantaneous rate of change of pulse rate at the<br /> (A) 36-inch level?<br /> (B) 64-inch level?<br /> <br /> 7. Suppose that a person learns y items in x hours, as given by y = 50<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">√</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">x, </span><br /> <br /> 0 <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">≤</span> X <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">≤ 9</span><br /> <br /> Find the rate of learning at the end of (A) 1 hour (B) 9 hours<br /> <br /> GOOD LUCK.<br /> <br /> <span style="color: lime;"><b>MERRY CHRISTMAS AND HAPPY NEW YEAR</b></span><br /> <span style="color: lime;"><b><br /></b></span> <span style="color: lime;"><b>LEO</b></span><br /> <br /> <br /> </div> <script type='text/javascript'> var obj0=document.getElementById("aim12380517272698239645"); var obj1=document.getElementById("aim22380517272698239645"); var s=obj1.innerHTML; var r=s.search(/\x3C!-- adsense --\x3E/igm); if(r>0) {obj0.innerHTML=s.substr(0,r);obj1.innerHTML=s.substr(r+16);} </script> </div> </div> <script type='text/javascript'> var obj0=document.getElementById("aim12380517272698239645"); 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return false;' target='_blank' title='BlogThis!'><span class='share-button-link-text'>BlogThis!</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-twitter' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=5260647227473736893&postID=2380517272698239645&target=twitter' target='_blank' title='Share to Twitter'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Twitter</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-facebook' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=5260647227473736893&postID=2380517272698239645&target=facebook' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=430,width=640"); return false;' target='_blank' title='Share to Facebook'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Facebook</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-pinterest' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=5260647227473736893&postID=2380517272698239645&target=pinterest' target='_blank' title='Share to Pinterest'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Pinterest</span></a> </div> <span class='post-backlinks post-comment-link'> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'><span class='post-labels'> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'><span class='post-location'> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="date-outer"> <div class="date-posts"> <div class='post-outer'> <div class='post hentry'> <a name='8646686255379029869'></a> <h2 class='post-title entry-title'> <a href='http://www.transmission-line.net/2013/11/synchronous-generator-as-fault-current.html'>SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR AS FAULT CURRENT SOURCE</a> </h2> <div class='post-header'> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> </div> <div class='post-body entry-content'> <div id='aim18646686255379029869'></div> <div style='clear:both; margin:10px 0'> <div id='aim18646686255379029869'></div> <div style='clear:both; margin:10px 0'> <div id='aim18646686255379029869'></div> <div style='clear:both; margin:10px 0'> </div> <div id='aim28646686255379029869'> <script type="text/javascript"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> <br /> If a short circuit is applied to the terminals of a synchronous generator, the short-circuit current starts out at a high value and decays to a steady-state value some time after the inception of the short circuit.<br /> <br /> Since a synchronous generator continues to be driven by its prime mover and to have its field externally excited, the steady-state value of short-circuit current will persist unless interrupted by some switching means.<br /> <br /> An equivalent circuit consisting of a constant driving voltage in series with an impedance that varies with time is used to represent this characteristic. The varying impedance consists primarily of reactance.<br /> <br /> Xd"= subtransient reactance; determines current during Þrst cycle after fault occurs. In about 0.1 s reactance increases to<br /> <br /> Xd'= transient reactance; assumed to determine current after several cycles at 60 Hz. In about 0.5 to 2 s reactance increases to<br /> <br /> Xd = synchronous reactance; this is the value that determines the current ßow after a steadystate condition is reached.<br /> <br /> Because most short-circuit interrupting devices, such as circuit breakers and fuses, operate well before steady-state conditions are reached, generator synchronous reactance is seldom used in calculating fault currents for application of these devices.<br /> <br /> Synchronous generator data available from some manufacturers includes two values for direct axis subtransient reactanceÑfor example, subtransient reactances Xdv"(at rated voltage, saturated, smaller) and Xdi" (at rated current, unsaturated, larger).<br /> <br /> Because a shortcircuited generator may be saturated, and for conservatism, the Xdv" value is used for short-circuit current calculations. </div> <script type='text/javascript'> var obj0=document.getElementById("aim18646686255379029869"); var 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TRANSMISSION LINES DESIGN and ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING HUB @font-face{font-family:'Calibri';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(//fonts.gstatic.com/l/font?kit=J7afnpV-BGlaFfdAhLEY6w&skey=a1029226f80653a8&v=v15)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206F,U+2074,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD;}   var \_gaq = \_gaq || []; \_gaq.push(['\_setAccount', 'UA-21538469-2']); \_gaq.push(['\_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 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Those submitted after the said date and time will be marked zero (0). 1. At what values of x does the graph of y = sec x have a horizontal tangent? 2. Find the derivate of Csc (3x - 5). 3. Find the first derivative of y = cos x / 1 - sin x. 4. Find an equation of the tangent line at the point P = (1, 1) on the curve y4 + xy = x3 − x + 2 5. Find y' if y = sin( cos x) 6. A person x inches tall has a pulse rate of y beats per minute, as given approximately by y = 590x-1/2 30 ≤ X ≤ 75 What is the instantaneous rate of change of pulse rate at the (A) 36-inch level? (B) 64-inch level? 7. Suppose that a person learns y items in x hours, as given by y = 50√x, 0 ≤ X ≤ 9 Find the rate of learning at the end of (A) 1 hour (B) 9 hours GOOD LUCK. **MERRY CHRISTMAS AND HAPPY NEW YEAR** **LEO** var obj0=document.getElementById("aim12380517272698239645"); var obj1=document.getElementById("aim22380517272698239645"); var s=obj1.innerHTML; var r=s.search(/\x3C!-- adsense --\x3E/igm); if(r>0) {obj0.innerHTML=s.substr(0,r);obj1.innerHTML=s.substr(r+16);} var obj0=document.getElementById("aim12380517272698239645"); var obj1=document.getElementById("aim22380517272698239645"); var s=obj1.innerHTML; var r=s.search(/\x3C!-- adsense --\x3E/igm); if(r>0) {obj0.innerHTML=s.substr(0,r);obj1.innerHTML=s.substr(r+16);} [0 comments](https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=5260647227473736893&postID=2380517272698239645&isPopup=true) [![](https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif)](https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=5260647227473736893&postID=2380517272698239645&from=pencil "Edit Post") [Email This](https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=5260647227473736893&postID=2380517272698239645&target=email "Email This")[BlogThis!](https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=5260647227473736893&postID=2380517272698239645&target=blog "BlogThis!")[Share to Twitter](https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=5260647227473736893&postID=2380517272698239645&target=twitter "Share to Twitter")[Share to Facebook](https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=5260647227473736893&postID=2380517272698239645&target=facebook "Share to Facebook")[Share to Pinterest](https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=5260647227473736893&postID=2380517272698239645&target=pinterest "Share to Pinterest") ## [SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR AS FAULT CURRENT SOURCE](http://www.transmission-line.net/2013/11/synchronous-generator-as-fault-current.html)  If a short circuit is applied to the terminals of a synchronous generator, the short-circuit current starts out at a high value and decays to a steady-state value some time after the inception of the short circuit. Since a synchronous generator continues to be driven by its prime mover and to have its field externally excited, the steady-state value of short-circuit current will persist unless interrupted by some switching means. An equivalent circuit consisting of a constant driving voltage in series with an impedance that varies with time is used to represent this characteristic. The varying impedance consists primarily of reactance. Xd"= subtransient reactance; determines current during Þrst cycle after fault occurs. In about 0.1 s reactance increases to Xd'= transient reactance; assumed to determine current after several cycles at 60 Hz. In about 0.5 to 2 s reactance increases to Xd = synchronous reactance; this is the value that determines the current ßow after a steadystate condition is reached. Because most short-circuit interrupting devices, such as circuit breakers and fuses, operate well before steady-state conditions are reached, generator synchronous reactance is seldom used in calculating fault currents for application of these devices. Synchronous generator data available from some manufacturers includes two values for direct axis subtransient reactanceÑfor example, subtransient reactances Xdv"(at rated voltage, saturated, smaller) and Xdi" (at rated current, unsaturated, larger). Because a shortcircuited generator may be saturated, and for conservatism, the Xdv" value is used for short-circuit current calculations. var obj0=document.getElementById("aim18646686255379029869"); var obj1=document.getElementById("aim28646686255379029869"); var s=obj1.innerHTML; var r=s.search(/\x3C!-- adsense --\x3E/igm); if(r>0) {obj0.innerHTML=s.substr(0,r);obj1.innerHTML=s.substr(r+16);} var obj0=document.getElementById("aim18646686255379029869"); var obj1=document.getElementById("aim28646686255379029869"); var s=obj1.innerHTML; var r=s.search(/\x3C!-- adsense --\x3E/igm); if(r>0) {obj0.innerHTML=s.substr(0,r);obj1.innerHTML=s.substr(r+16);} [0 comments](https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=5260647227473736893&postID=8646686255379029869&isPopup=true) [![](https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif)](https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=5260647227473736893&postID=8646686255379029869&from=pencil "Edit Post") [Email This](https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=5260647227473736893&postID=8646686255379029869&target=email "Email This")[BlogThis!](https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=5260647227473736893&postID=8646686255379029869&target=blog "BlogThis!")[Share to Twitter](https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=5260647227473736893&postID=8646686255379029869&target=twitter "Share to Twitter")[Share to Facebook](https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=5260647227473736893&postID=8646686255379029869&target=facebook "Share to Facebook")[Share to Pinterest](https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=5260647227473736893&postID=8646686255379029869&target=pinterest "Share to Pinterest") [Older Posts](http://www.transmission-line.net/search?updated-max=2013-11-09T10:56:00%2B08:00&max-results=2 "Older Posts") [Home](http://www.transmission-line.net/) Subscribe to: [Posts (Atom)](http://www.transmission-line.net/feeds/posts/default) ##### PREVIOUS ARTICLES * [►](javascript:void(0)) [2010](http://www.transmission-line.net/2010/) (46) + [►](javascript:void(0)) [Sep](http://www.transmission-line.net/2010/09/) (9) + [►](javascript:void(0)) [Oct](http://www.transmission-line.net/2010/10/) (17) + [►](javascript:void(0)) [Nov](http://www.transmission-line.net/2010/11/) (17) + [►](javascript:void(0)) [Dec](http://www.transmission-line.net/2010/12/) (3) * [►](javascript:void(0)) [2011](http://www.transmission-line.net/2011/) (434) + [►](javascript:void(0)) [Jan](http://www.transmission-line.net/2011/01/) (5) + [►](javascript:void(0)) [Feb](http://www.transmission-line.net/2011/02/) (24) + [►](javascript:void(0)) [Mar](http://www.transmission-line.net/2011/03/) (49) + [►](javascript:void(0)) [Apr](http://www.transmission-line.net/2011/04/) (41) + [►](javascript:void(0)) [May](http://www.transmission-line.net/2011/05/) (54) + [►](javascript:void(0)) [Jun](http://www.transmission-line.net/2011/06/) (58) + [►](javascript:void(0)) [Jul](http://www.transmission-line.net/2011/07/) (60) + [►](javascript:void(0)) [Aug](http://www.transmission-line.net/2011/08/) (31) + [►](javascript:void(0)) [Sep](http://www.transmission-line.net/2011/09/) (45) + [►](javascript:void(0)) [Oct](http://www.transmission-line.net/2011/10/) (24) + [►](javascript:void(0)) [Nov](http://www.transmission-line.net/2011/11/) (27) + [►](javascript:void(0)) [Dec](http://www.transmission-line.net/2011/12/) (16) * [►](javascript:void(0)) [2012](http://www.transmission-line.net/2012/) (270) + [►](javascript:void(0)) [Jan](http://www.transmission-line.net/2012/01/) (70) + [►](javascript:void(0)) [Feb](http://www.transmission-line.net/2012/02/) (38) + [►](javascript:void(0)) [Mar](http://www.transmission-line.net/2012/03/) (21) + [►](javascript:void(0)) [Apr](http://www.transmission-line.net/2012/04/) (20) + [►](javascript:void(0)) [May](http://www.transmission-line.net/2012/05/) (47) + [►](javascript:void(0)) [Jun](http://www.transmission-line.net/2012/06/) (3) + [►](javascript:void(0)) [Jul](http://www.transmission-line.net/2012/07/) (5) + [►](javascript:void(0)) [Sep](http://www.transmission-line.net/2012/09/) (3) + [►](javascript:void(0)) [Oct](http://www.transmission-line.net/2012/10/) (12) + [►](javascript:void(0)) [Nov](http://www.transmission-line.net/2012/11/) (45) + [►](javascript:void(0)) [Dec](http://www.transmission-line.net/2012/12/) (6) * [▼](javascript:void(0)) [2013](http://www.transmission-line.net/2013/) (20) + [►](javascript:void(0)) [May](http://www.transmission-line.net/2013/05/) (5) + [►](javascript:void(0)) [Jun](http://www.transmission-line.net/2013/06/) (6) + [►](javascript:void(0)) [Jul](http://www.transmission-line.net/2013/07/) (2) + [►](javascript:void(0)) [Sep](http://www.transmission-line.net/2013/09/) (1) + [►](javascript:void(0)) [Oct](http://www.transmission-line.net/2013/10/) (2) + [►](javascript:void(0)) [Nov](http://www.transmission-line.net/2013/11/) (3) + [▼](javascript:void(0)) [Dec](http://www.transmission-line.net/2013/12/) (1) - [DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS PLATES FOR 6:30 and 7:30 CLA...](http://www.transmission-line.net/2013/12/differential-calculus-plates-for-630.html) [![free counters](http://s07.flagcounter.com/count/DIF/bg=799FB3/txt=000000/border=CCCCCC/columns=6/maxflags=60/viewers=TOP+VISITS/labels=0/)](http://s07.flagcounter.com/more/DIF)  ## Check This Article * [SPACING AND CLEARANCES FOR POWER TRANSMISSION LINES](http://www.transmission-line.net/2011/03/spacing-and-clearances-for-power.html) From safety considerations, power conductors along the route of the transmission line should maintain requisite clearances to ground in open... * [PRIMARY DISTRIBUTION FEEDER TYPES BASICS AND TUTORIALS](http://www.transmission-line.net/2011/08/primary-distribution-feeder-types.html) Primary voltage in the “13 kV class” is predominating among United States utilities. The 4-kV class primary systems are older and are gradua... * [VIBRATION DAMPERS ON TRANSMISSION LINES](http://www.transmission-line.net/2011/02/vibration-dampers-on-transmission-lines.html) Vibration Dampers are used to absorb Aolian Vibrations of conductor of Transmission Lines, as well as ground wire, OPGW, and ADSS. It is mo... * [RULING SPAN OF TRANSMISSION LINES](http://www.transmission-line.net/2010/09/transmission-lines-design-ruling-span.html) The Ruling Span is defined as the assumed uniform span that most likely represents actual spans that are in any particular section of the... * [CONDUCTOR STRINGING METHODS OF TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION LINES](http://www.transmission-line.net/2011/03/conductor-stringing-methods-of.html) Conductor stringing systems currently employed in the power industry are almost as numerous as the organizations that string conductors. 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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML//EN"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage 12.0"> <title>Covert Comic Intelligence Update!</title> <style type="text/css"> .style1 { font-size: xx-small; font-family: Arial; } .style2 { color: #000000; } .style3 { text-decoration: none; } .style5 { color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small; } .style40 { font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-size: x-small; color: #000000; } .style7 { font-size: xx-small; } .auto-style1 { font-size: small; } .auto-style2 { font-size: small; font-family: Arial; } .auto-style3 { color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: small; } .auto-style4 { font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-size: small; color: #000000; } .style6 { color: #FFFFFF; } .style122 { font-family: Arial; color: white; } .auto-style7 { line-height: 14.4pt; font-size: medium; font-family: Arial; } .auto-style8 { font-size: medium; } .auto-style9 { font-size: medium; font-family: Arial; } .auto-style10 { font-size: large; } </style> </head> <body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="background-image: url('CC_GreatSeal_0.jpg')"> <div align="left"> <table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="100%" bordercolor="#000000"> <tr> <td valign="top" style="width: 12%"><p align="left" class="auto-style2"> <a href="http://www.covertcomic.com/default.htm"><span class="style2">Intelligence Update</span></a><a class="style3" href="file:///C:/Users/Honey/Documents/My Web Sites/www.covertcomic.com/"> </a><em>(Current intel from the Covert Comic)</em></p> <p align="left" class="auto-style2"> <a href="CC_Tradecraft.html"> <span class="style2">Tradecraft</span></a></p> <p align="left" class="auto-style2"> <a href="Catwalk_of_Spies.html"> <span class="style2">Catwalk of Spies</span></a></p> <p align="left" class="style1"> <a href="CC_PostTopSecret.html"> <span class="auto-style3" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-themecolor: background1"> PostTopSecret</span><span class="auto-style4" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: background1; text-decoration:none">™</span></a></p> <p><a href="CC_My_War_On_Terror!.htm"><span class="auto-style3">My W</span><span class="auto-style1"><font color="#000000" face="Arial">ar On Terror!</font></span></a></p> <p class="auto-style2"><a href="CC_HUMINT_Rights.htm"><span class="style2"> Universal Declaration of Humint Rights</span></a></p> <p align="left" class="auto-style2"> <a href="CC_The%20Naked%20Intelligence%20Officer.htm"> <span class="style2">The Naked Intelligence Officer</span></a></p> <p class="auto-style1"><font face="Arial"> <a href="CC_Real_Men_Don't_Get_Published.htm"> <font color="#000000">Real Men Don't Get Published</font></a></font></p> <p class="auto-style1"><a href="CC_Who_Killed_CC.htm"> <font color="#000000" face="Arial">Who Killed The Covert Comic?</font></a></p> <p><a href="CC_Secrets_of_911!.htm"> <font color="#000000" face="Arial"><span class="auto-style1">Secrets of 9/11</span></font></a><font color="#000000" size="1" face="Arial"> <em><span class="auto-style1">(Recently unclassified!)</span></em></font></p> <p class="auto-style2"><a href="CC_Black%20Matters.htm"><span class="style2"> Black Matters </span></a><em>(The world's most classified poetry)</em></p> <p><a href="CC_Spaiku.htm"> <font color="#000000" face="Arial"><u><span class="auto-style1">Spaiku!</span></u></font></a><font face="Arial"><span class="auto-style1"> </span> </font><font color="#000000" face="Arial"><em><span class="auto-style1">(CIA haiku poetry from the Covert Comic! "Spooky" - USA Today)</span></em></font></p> <p><a href="CC_Intelligence_Underground.htm"> <span class="auto-style3">The Intelligence Underground</span></a><span class="style1"> </span><span class="auto-style2"> <em>Spookiest of the Spooks</em></span></p> <p class="auto-style1"><a href="CC_Contacts.htm"> <font color="#000000" face="Arial"><u>Contact The Covert Comic</u></font></a></p> <p class="auto-style1"><font color="#000000" face="Arial"><strong>Copyright 1998-2023. All rights reserved.</strong></font></p> </td> <td><p align="center" class="auto-style10"><font face="Arial"><strong>The Covert Comic</strong></font></p> <p align="center" class="auto-style10"><font face="Arial"><strong>Welcome to the Intelligence Underground!</strong></font></p> <p align="center"> <img height="273" src="CC_A-Bombination_HP_2.jpg" width="240"></p> <p align="center" class="auto-style9"> </p> <p class="auto-style8"><font face="Arial"><strong>You are currently accessing the drollest web site posted by any covert intelligence officer anywhere.</strong></font></p> <p class="auto-style8"><font face="Arial">Laugh-out-loud funny. <i> <span style="line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> –</span> Washington Post</i></font></p> <p class="auto-style8"><font face="Arial">Jokes with intelligence. <i> <span style="line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> –</span> New York Daily News</i></font></p> <p class="auto-style8"><font face="Arial">Joke and dagger. <i> <span style="line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> –</span> London Daily Mail</i></font></p> <p class="auto-style8"><font face="Arial">Spooky. <i> <span style="line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> –</span> USA Today</i></font></p> <p class="auto-style8"> </p> <p align="center"> <img height="279" src="CC_South_By_South_01b.jpg" width="378"></p> <p align="center" class="auto-style9"> </p> <p align="center" class="auto-style8"><font face="Arial"><strong>Top Secret!</strong></font></p> <p class="auto-style8"><font face="Arial">The Covert Comic a.k.a. John Alejandro King, poet and covert activist, likes to write intelligence jokes and aphorisms, post them on his web site, and donate the resulting proceeds to various extremely worthwhile, super secret charities.</font></p> <p class="auto-style7"> The Covert Comic's work has appeared, then just as suddenly and mysteriously vanished, on numerous sites on the World Wide Web.</p> <p align="center"> <img height="240" src="CC_Seal_Montage_1.gif" width="225" class="auto-style9"></p> <p><font face="Arial"><span class="auto-style8">The Covert Comic probably isn't permitted to speak to you or your group almost any time. Click </span> </font><a href="CC_Contacts.htm"> <font color="#0000FF" face="Arial"><span class="auto-style8">here</span></font></a><font face="Arial"><span class="auto-style8"> to contact the Covert Comic. (Note: you might not be investigated by the FBI, NSA and/or CIA Counterintelligence if you choose not to do so.)</span></font></p> <p class="auto-style9"> </p> <p align="center" class="auto-style10"><font face="Arial"><em><strong>The Covert Comic.</strong></em></font></p> <p align="center" class="auto-style10"><font face="Arial"><em><strong>Read him while you still can!</strong></em></font></p> <p align="center"> </p> <p align="center"><font size="3" face="Arial"><em><strong> <img src="cctinya.gif" width="61" height="49"></strong></em></font></p> <p align="center"> </p> <p align="center"> </p> <p align="center"> </p> <p align="center"> </p> <p align="center"> </p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </body> </html>

Covert Comic Intelligence Update! .style1 { font-size: xx-small; font-family: Arial; } .style2 { color: #000000; } .style3 { text-decoration: none; } .style5 { color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small; } .style40 { font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-size: x-small; color: #000000; } .style7 { font-size: xx-small; } .auto-style1 { font-size: small; } .auto-style2 { font-size: small; font-family: Arial; } .auto-style3 { color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: small; } .auto-style4 { font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-size: small; color: #000000; } .style6 { color: #FFFFFF; } .style122 { font-family: Arial; color: white; } .auto-style7 { line-height: 14.4pt; font-size: medium; font-family: Arial; } .auto-style8 { font-size: medium; } .auto-style9 { font-size: medium; font-family: Arial; } .auto-style10 { font-size: large; } | | | | --- | --- | | [Intelligence Update](http://www.covertcomic.com/default.htm)*(Current intel from the Covert Comic)* [Tradecraft](CC_Tradecraft.html) [Catwalk of Spies](Catwalk_of_Spies.html) [PostTopSecret™](CC_PostTopSecret.html) [My War On Terror!](CC_My_War_On_Terror!.htm) [Universal Declaration of Humint Rights](CC_HUMINT_Rights.htm) [The Naked Intelligence Officer](CC_The%20Naked%20Intelligence%20Officer.htm) [Real Men Don't Get Published](CC_Real_Men_Don't_Get_Published.htm) [Who Killed The Covert Comic?](CC_Who_Killed_CC.htm) [Secrets of 9/11](CC_Secrets_of_911!.htm) *(Recently unclassified!)* [Black Matters](CC_Black%20Matters.htm) *(The world's most classified poetry)* [Spaiku!](CC_Spaiku.htm) *(CIA haiku poetry from the Covert Comic! "Spooky" - USA Today)* [The Intelligence Underground](CC_Intelligence_Underground.htm) *Spookiest of the Spooks* [Contact The Covert Comic](CC_Contacts.htm) **Copyright 1998-2023. All rights reserved.** | **The Covert Comic** **Welcome to the Intelligence Underground!** **You are currently accessing the drollest web site posted by any covert intelligence officer anywhere.** Laugh-out-loud funny. *– Washington Post* Jokes with intelligence. *– New York Daily News* Joke and dagger. *– London Daily Mail* Spooky. *– USA Today* **Top Secret!** The Covert Comic a.k.a. John Alejandro King, poet and covert activist, likes to write intelligence jokes and aphorisms, post them on his web site, and donate the resulting proceeds to various extremely worthwhile, super secret charities. The Covert Comic's work has appeared, then just as suddenly and mysteriously vanished, on numerous sites on the World Wide Web. The Covert Comic probably isn't permitted to speak to you or your group almost any time. Click [here](CC_Contacts.htm) to contact the Covert Comic. (Note: you might not be investigated by the FBI, NSA and/or CIA Counterintelligence if you choose not to do so.) ***The Covert Comic.*** ***Read him while you still can!*** |

http://www.covertcomic.com/Intelligence%20Update.htm

<html> <title>Greg's Domain</title> <body bgcolor="#FFFFEE"> <h1>Greg's Domain</h1> <h2>About Me</h2> <p><img src="greg-lbi2004.jpg" alt="picture of Greg wearing a Lick Bush in 2004 shirt" width="239" height="241" align="right" /> Well... I guess we'll have to settle for just the sexual meaning of <i>Lick Bush</i> for now.</p> <p>Politically, I'm closest to the <a href="http://lp.org/">Libertarian party</a>. Freedom isn't something the government gives us -- it's something we're born with, and which we must fight to keep. Stand up for yourself, or nobody else will.</p> <p><a href="deargeorge.html">An Open Letter to George W. Bush</a>.</p> <p>Photos from the <a href="cwru-protest/">Protest at CWRU</a> during the vice presidential debates on 2004-10-05.</p> <p>Like most engineers, I'm a music lover. Here are just a few of my <a href="music.html">favorite musicians</a>. (That page still needs more updates, though.)</p> <p>I don't follow any organized religion. I'm not an atheist, either -- most people would say I'm agnostic.</p> <p>Other Photos:</p> <ul> <li><a href="greg-closeup.jpg">Greg, close up</a> (April 2004)</li> <li><a href="greg_michelle.jpg">Greg and Michelle</a> (December 2002)</li>  <li><a href="snow-mar-2008.jpg">Snow! (at night)</a> (March 2008)</li> <li><a href="snow-daylight-mar-2008.jpg">Snow! (daylight)</a> (March 2008)</li> <li><a href="snow-from-porch.jpg">Snow! (from front porch)</a> (March 2008)</li> <li><a href="snow-street.jpg">Snow! (on the street)</a> (March 2008)</li> </ul> <p>(Photos taken by me, except the one of Michelle and me, and the one of me in the T-shirt up above, which were taken by <a href="/~alex/">Alex Wooledge</a>. All photos were taken with an Olympus D-380 digital camera.)</p> <p><a href="disneyworld/">Disneyworld photos</a> (June 2005).</p> <p>My wife has also taken <a href="/~michelle/">some photos</a>.</p> <h3>Computers</h3> <p>I use <a href="http://www.debian.org/">Debian GNU/Linux</a> and <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/">OpenBSD</a> on cheap x86 hardware. Windows has its place (preferably the trash bin), but I'll take a free Unix system any day.</p> <p><img src="new2.png" width="28" height="11" alt="(NEW)" /> I'm a user of the wonderful <a href="http://www.mutt.org/">mutt</a> e-mail client for <a href="http://www.linux.org/">Linux</a> and other Unix-like systems. I use <a href="http://www.vim.org/">vim</a> (the world's best <tt>vi</tt> clone) as my editor and <a href="http://www.qmail.org/">qmail</a> as my mail transfer agent. (This completes the unholy mail trinity.) I use <a href="http://www.fvwm.org/">fvwm</a> as my window manager (and I sometimes use the text console, too).</p> <p>I'm normally on <a href="http://gift.sourceforge.net/">giFT</a>. In addition to that, I share files via a virtual host on this machine: <a href="http://209.142.155.49/greycat.yi.org/">greycat.yi.org</a>. (Unfortunately, yi.org is no longer serving dynamic DNS. So you'll have to get to it by IP address until I get around to deciding on a new domain name.)</p> <h2>Projects</h2> <p><a href="mp3capn/">Mp3 Cap'n</a>, a Gtk2 port of Scott Sams' abandoned Mp3 Commander program.</p> <p>I've been involved in development work for the roguelike game <a href="http://t-o-m-e.net/">ToME</a> (Tales of Middle Earth) for a few months now (as of spring 2005).</p> <p>I contributed some ideas and code to <a href="http://www.freeciv.org/">Freeciv</a>, a free clone of <a href="http://www.microprose.com/">Microprose</a>'s Civilization II.</p> <p>I've written a program (two, actually -- a client/server pair) to <a href="ftf-0.01.tar.gz">fetch mail through a firewall</a>. If you're behind a firewall and want to read e-mail from the outside world, this may be useful to you. It seems that there are some more widely useful tools available for this sort of thing now, though -- check out <a href="http://www.nocrew.org/software/httptunnel.html">httptunnel</a>.</p> <p>I spent quite some time (playing and) working on <a href="http://thangorodrim.angband.org/">Angband</a>. I made some changes that a few people seemed to like, and released it as a variant called <a href="angband.html">GW-Angband</a>, although it's no longer in development.</p> <p>Before that, I did some work on adding <a href="randart.html">random artifacts to Angband</a>. That work is of mostly historic interest now.</p> <h2>Resources</h2> <p>Why doesn't Unix have a way to generate password hashes from the command line? Sure, there's Marco d'Itri's <tt>mkpasswd</tt>, but that doesn't even let you pass MD5 hashes in a normal and straightforward way, <i>and</i> it's under the GNU GPL (not free enough to go everywhere Unix can go), <i>and</i> as far as I know it's only in Debian! So I wrote my own version of <a href="crypt/"><tt>crypt(1)</tt></a>. It's in the public domain, and it lets you do anything <tt>crypt(3)</tt> can do.</p> <p>I've got a <a href="http://wooledge.org/mywiki/">Wiki</a> up now, with some basic pages that describe Unix shell programming issues. The pages were, in some cases, adopted from Heiner's wiki (...URL here...), which is not hosted on a continuously connected machine. In particular, my wiki hosts the <a href="http://wooledge.org/mywiki/BashFaq">official FAQ</a> for the <a href="http://freenode.net/">freenode</a> <tt>#bash</tt> channel.</p> <p>A little while back I unofficially took over maintainership of FT (Freenet Tools), a client written in C for inserting and retrieving data from Freenet. I've put out two point-releases of it since then:</p> <ul><li><a href="ft-0.2.5.tgz">FT 0.2.5</a></li> <li><a href="ft-0.2.4.tgz">FT 0.2.4</a></li></ul> <p>It's still pretty rough in some spots. I didn't write the original, so I won't take the blame for the massive cut-and-paste coding style.</p> <p>Here's a <a href="ds">little perl script which lists installed Debian packages in descending size order</a>. I call it <tt>ds</tt>.</p> <p>I've written a document on <a href="qmail-srs.html">integrating qmail and SRS</a> (and mutt!) to help filter out forged bounce messages.</p> <p>I've improved the Debian safecat package with my own <a href="./safecat/">updated version of safecat</a>.</p> <p>I've written a <a href="neuros.html">Neuros + Vorbis + Linux howto</a>.</p> <p><a href="ccwrap">ccwrap</a> lets you pass compiler flags (such as <tt>-I/usr/local/include</tt>) to <tt>cc</tt> (or <tt>gcc</tt>) using environment variables.</p> <p>I wrote a <a href="./fmonitor/index.html">Freenet monitor script</a> which polls a Freenet node's traffic statistics and takes action if they suddenly drop to too low a level.</p> <p>In a darker moment, I wrote some simple <a href="jsabuse/">Javascript abuse pages</a> for your amusement.</p> <p>I've written a <a href="mail.html">mail tutorial</a> which explains some of the basic concepts for adminsitrators of Internet e-mail systems.</p> <p>Tired of tagging your <a href="http://www.vorbis.com/">Ogg Vorbis</a> files with <tt>vorbiscomment</tt> and having to deal with temporary files by hand? I've got a script called <a href="vivc-0.2">vivc</a> which is a simple front-end to <tt>vorbiscomment</tt>. It works like the <tt>vipw</tt> command which will be familiar to users of certain flavors of Unix.</p> <p>Here's a guide which describes <a href="freenet-hownotto.html">How <i>not</i> to publish a Freesite</a> on <a href="http://freenetproject.org/">Freenet</a>. It's very old, though, and was written for Freenet version 0.3.</p> <p>Freenet 0.4 seed nodes file: <a href="seednodes.ref">seednodes.ref</a>. This is only updated once in a while, so check the modification date on it; if it's more than a couple weeks old, try someone else's.</p> <p>A simple <a href="gethostbyname.c">gethostbyname</a> wrapper program in C, for those times when you want to check hostnames the same way your operating system does (as opposed to the way <tt>nslookup</tt> does, which may be different).</p> <p>I've written a <a href="make-tutorial.txt">make tutorial</a> for any aspiring Unix programmers who may not yet be familiar with this tool.</p> <p>Are you faced with SCO Unix? The only true victory will come when the last Microsoft-infested bit of it has been expunged from your hard drives, but meanwhile there is <a href="sco.html">some hope</a>.</p> <p>I've also been playing Thomas Biskup's <a href= "http://www.adom.de/">ADOM</a>, which is an excellent roguelike game. Because this game does not (yet?) have source code available, there's no single comprehensive source for information about the internal workings of the game. Therefore, a lot of people have written spoilers which explain different parts of the game. I've written one of these which covers the herb bushes that grow in several places. Click here to visit <a href="adomring.html">Farmer Greg's Herb Garden</a>, which is now part of the <a href="http://www.aleph-null.com/adom/adomring/ringhome.html">ADOM web ring</a>.</p> <h2>Miscellaneous Links</h2> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.win.tue.nl/games/roguelike/"> The Roguelike Games Home Page</a>, dedicated to one of the most addictive styles of computer games ever created.<br> <li>If you have a computer, then you should use it! Check out <a href="http://www.distributed.net/">distributed.net</a>, which is an organization dedicated to putting idle computing power to a good use. A CPU is a terrible thing to waste!<br> <li>If you would like to follow <a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html">free software</a> in the news, then be sure to check <a href="http://freshmeat.net/">freshmeat</a> and <a href="http://slashdot.org/">slashdot</a>, two of the premier news sources in this field. </ul> <p><a href="mailto:greg@wooledge.org">E-mail</a> is welcome. My <a href="http://www.gnupg.org/">GNU Privacy Guard</a> (preferred) key is <a href="greg_wooledge.asc">here</a>.</p> <hr /> <p align="center"> Powered by <a href="http://www.cs.vu.nl/~tmgil/vi.html"><tt>vi</tt></a>.<br> This page best viewed with your imagination. </p> <tt> ~<br> ~<br> ~<br> ~<br> ~<br> "index2.html" 248L, 11048C written </tt> </body> </html>

Greg's Domain # Greg's Domain ## About Me ![picture of Greg wearing a Lick Bush in 2004 shirt](greg-lbi2004.jpg) Well... I guess we'll have to settle for just the sexual meaning of *Lick Bush* for now. Politically, I'm closest to the [Libertarian party](http://lp.org/). Freedom isn't something the government gives us -- it's something we're born with, and which we must fight to keep. Stand up for yourself, or nobody else will. [An Open Letter to George W. Bush](deargeorge.html). Photos from the [Protest at CWRU](cwru-protest/) during the vice presidential debates on 2004-10-05. Like most engineers, I'm a music lover. Here are just a few of my [favorite musicians](music.html). (That page still needs more updates, though.) I don't follow any organized religion. I'm not an atheist, either -- most people would say I'm agnostic. Other Photos: * [Greg, close up](greg-closeup.jpg) (April 2004) * [Greg and Michelle](greg_michelle.jpg) (December 2002) * [Snow! (at night)](snow-mar-2008.jpg) (March 2008) * [Snow! (daylight)](snow-daylight-mar-2008.jpg) (March 2008) * [Snow! (from front porch)](snow-from-porch.jpg) (March 2008) * [Snow! (on the street)](snow-street.jpg) (March 2008) (Photos taken by me, except the one of Michelle and me, and the one of me in the T-shirt up above, which were taken by [Alex Wooledge](/~alex/). All photos were taken with an Olympus D-380 digital camera.) [Disneyworld photos](disneyworld/) (June 2005). My wife has also taken [some photos](/~michelle/). ### Computers I use [Debian GNU/Linux](http://www.debian.org/) and [OpenBSD](http://www.openbsd.org/) on cheap x86 hardware. Windows has its place (preferably the trash bin), but I'll take a free Unix system any day. ![(NEW)](new2.png) I'm a user of the wonderful [mutt](http://www.mutt.org/) e-mail client for [Linux](http://www.linux.org/) and other Unix-like systems. I use [vim](http://www.vim.org/) (the world's best vi clone) as my editor and [qmail](http://www.qmail.org/) as my mail transfer agent. (This completes the unholy mail trinity.) I use [fvwm](http://www.fvwm.org/) as my window manager (and I sometimes use the text console, too). I'm normally on [giFT](http://gift.sourceforge.net/). In addition to that, I share files via a virtual host on this machine: [greycat.yi.org](http://209.142.155.49/greycat.yi.org/). (Unfortunately, yi.org is no longer serving dynamic DNS. So you'll have to get to it by IP address until I get around to deciding on a new domain name.) ## Projects [Mp3 Cap'n](mp3capn/), a Gtk2 port of Scott Sams' abandoned Mp3 Commander program. I've been involved in development work for the roguelike game [ToME](http://t-o-m-e.net/) (Tales of Middle Earth) for a few months now (as of spring 2005). I contributed some ideas and code to [Freeciv](http://www.freeciv.org/), a free clone of [Microprose](http://www.microprose.com/)'s Civilization II. I've written a program (two, actually -- a client/server pair) to [fetch mail through a firewall](ftf-0.01.tar.gz). If you're behind a firewall and want to read e-mail from the outside world, this may be useful to you. It seems that there are some more widely useful tools available for this sort of thing now, though -- check out [httptunnel](http://www.nocrew.org/software/httptunnel.html). I spent quite some time (playing and) working on [Angband](http://thangorodrim.angband.org/). I made some changes that a few people seemed to like, and released it as a variant called [GW-Angband](angband.html), although it's no longer in development. Before that, I did some work on adding [random artifacts to Angband](randart.html). That work is of mostly historic interest now. ## Resources Why doesn't Unix have a way to generate password hashes from the command line? Sure, there's Marco d'Itri's mkpasswd, but that doesn't even let you pass MD5 hashes in a normal and straightforward way, *and* it's under the GNU GPL (not free enough to go everywhere Unix can go), *and* as far as I know it's only in Debian! So I wrote my own version of [crypt(1)](crypt/). It's in the public domain, and it lets you do anything crypt(3) can do. I've got a [Wiki](http://wooledge.org/mywiki/) up now, with some basic pages that describe Unix shell programming issues. The pages were, in some cases, adopted from Heiner's wiki (...URL here...), which is not hosted on a continuously connected machine. In particular, my wiki hosts the [official FAQ](http://wooledge.org/mywiki/BashFaq) for the [freenode](http://freenode.net/) #bash channel. A little while back I unofficially took over maintainership of FT (Freenet Tools), a client written in C for inserting and retrieving data from Freenet. I've put out two point-releases of it since then: * [FT 0.2.5](ft-0.2.5.tgz) * [FT 0.2.4](ft-0.2.4.tgz) It's still pretty rough in some spots. I didn't write the original, so I won't take the blame for the massive cut-and-paste coding style. Here's a [little perl script which lists installed Debian packages in descending size order](ds). I call it ds. I've written a document on [integrating qmail and SRS](qmail-srs.html) (and mutt!) to help filter out forged bounce messages. I've improved the Debian safecat package with my own [updated version of safecat](./safecat/). I've written a [Neuros + Vorbis + Linux howto](neuros.html). <ccwrap> lets you pass compiler flags (such as -I/usr/local/include) to cc (or gcc) using environment variables. I wrote a [Freenet monitor script](./fmonitor/index.html) which polls a Freenet node's traffic statistics and takes action if they suddenly drop to too low a level. In a darker moment, I wrote some simple [Javascript abuse pages](jsabuse/) for your amusement. I've written a [mail tutorial](mail.html) which explains some of the basic concepts for adminsitrators of Internet e-mail systems. Tired of tagging your [Ogg Vorbis](http://www.vorbis.com/) files with vorbiscomment and having to deal with temporary files by hand? I've got a script called [vivc](vivc-0.2) which is a simple front-end to vorbiscomment. It works like the vipw command which will be familiar to users of certain flavors of Unix. Here's a guide which describes [How *not* to publish a Freesite](freenet-hownotto.html) on [Freenet](http://freenetproject.org/). It's very old, though, and was written for Freenet version 0.3. Freenet 0.4 seed nodes file: <seednodes.ref>. This is only updated once in a while, so check the modification date on it; if it's more than a couple weeks old, try someone else's. A simple [gethostbyname](gethostbyname.c) wrapper program in C, for those times when you want to check hostnames the same way your operating system does (as opposed to the way nslookup does, which may be different). I've written a [make tutorial](make-tutorial.txt) for any aspiring Unix programmers who may not yet be familiar with this tool. Are you faced with SCO Unix? The only true victory will come when the last Microsoft-infested bit of it has been expunged from your hard drives, but meanwhile there is [some hope](sco.html). I've also been playing Thomas Biskup's [ADOM](http://www.adom.de/), which is an excellent roguelike game. Because this game does not (yet?) have source code available, there's no single comprehensive source for information about the internal workings of the game. Therefore, a lot of people have written spoilers which explain different parts of the game. I've written one of these which covers the herb bushes that grow in several places. Click here to visit [Farmer Greg's Herb Garden](adomring.html), which is now part of the [ADOM web ring](http://www.aleph-null.com/adom/adomring/ringhome.html). ## Miscellaneous Links * [The Roguelike Games Home Page](http://www.win.tue.nl/games/roguelike/), dedicated to one of the most addictive styles of computer games ever created. * If you have a computer, then you should use it! Check out [distributed.net](http://www.distributed.net/), which is an organization dedicated to putting idle computing power to a good use. A CPU is a terrible thing to waste! * If you would like to follow [free software](http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html) in the news, then be sure to check [freshmeat](http://freshmeat.net/) and [slashdot](http://slashdot.org/), two of the premier news sources in this field. [E-mail](mailto:greg@wooledge.org) is welcome. My [GNU Privacy Guard](http://www.gnupg.org/) (preferred) key is [here](greg_wooledge.asc). --- Powered by [vi](http://www.cs.vu.nl/~tmgil/vi.html). This page best viewed with your imagination. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ "index2.html" 248L, 11048C written

http://wooledge.org/~greg/index2.html

<title>Antique Roman Dishes - Collection</title> <h1>Antique Roman Dishes - Collection</h1> From: hz225wu@unidui.uni-duisburg.de (Micaela Pantke)<P> Date: Thu, 22 Jul 93 11:12:07 +0200<P> <h2>Contents</h2> <ul> <li><A HREF="#1">Native Roman Ingredients</A> <li><A HREF="#2">Conversions</A> <li><A HREF="#3">Isicia Omentata (A kind of Roman Burger)</A> <li><A HREF="#4">Pepones et Melones (water and honey melons</A> <li><A HREF="#5">Patina de pisciculis (souffle of small fishes)</A> <li><A HREF="#6">Patina de Piris (pear souffle)</A> <li><A HREF="#7">Minutal Marinum (seafood fricassee)</A> <li><A HREF="#8">Gustum de Praecoquis (starter with apricots)</A> <li><A HREF="#9">Fabaciae Virides et Baianae (Green and Baian Beans)</A> <li><A HREF="#10">Pullum Frontonianum (Chicken a la Fronto)</A> <li><A HREF="#11">Pullus Fusilis (Chicken With Liquid Filling)</A> <li><A HREF="#12">Dulcia Domestica (Housemade Dessert)</a> <li><A HREF="#13">Aliter Dulcia (Another Kind of Dessert)</A> <li><A HREF="#14">Tiropatinam (A Kind of Soufflee)</A> <li><A HREF="#15">Ova Sfongia Ex Lacte (Pancakes with Milk)</A> <li><A HREF="#16">In Ovis Apalis (Boiled Eggs)</A> <li><A HREF="#17">Vitellina Fricta (Fried Veal)</A> <li><A HREF="#18">In Vitulinam Elixam (Boiled Veal)</A> <li><A HREF="#19">Aliter Baedinam Sive Agninam Excaldatam(Steamed Lamb)</A> <li><A HREF="#20">In Mitulis (Sea Mussels)</A> <li><A HREF="#21">Sarda Ita Fit (Tuna)</A> <li><A HREF="#22">Scillas (Big Shrimps)</A> <li><A HREF="#23">Mustacei (= Must Rolls)</A> </ul> The following recipes are taken from an old Roman cookbook<P> MARCUS GAVIUS APICIUS: DE RE COQUINARIA<P> The book I have is edited and translated from Latin by Robert Maier. My humble person only translated the German translations into English. I hope the recipes are still rather near to the originals...<P> ------------------------------------------------------------------------ <P> First I have to introduce you to some native <A NAME="1">Roman ingredients</A>, such as:<P> -- Caroenum: Boiled must (you have to boil the new wine or grape juice until it is only half the amount you started with). <P> -- Defritum: Either thick fIg syrup, or must that's boiled until you have only a third of the amount with which you started.<P> -- Liebstoeckl: I didn't find an English translation. In Latin it's called 'levisticum officinale'. It's an umbelliferous plant with yellowish flowers. Its dried roots are used as spice. It seems to be a kind of celery. <P> -- Liquamen: a salty fish sauce. Most of the time you can replace it by salt. <P> -- Passum: Very sweet wine sauce, made by boiling the must (new wine or grape juice) to thicken it. (maybe add honey? - just my guess) <P> -- Poleiminze: A kind of mint that's growing in inundated areas. Just replace it by ordinary mint. <P> -- Saturei: I didn't find an English translation. In Latin it's called 'satureia hortensis'. It's a violet or white flowered kind of labiate plants which grows mainly in Southern Europe. It's used as a spice plant, especially for bean dishes.<P> -- Silphium: Its other names are 'Laser' or 'ferula asa foetida'. I've noticed that it's also called 'hing' in the Indian cuisine. It is an onion and garlic substitute and should be used rather sparingly because of its very strong taste and smell. <P> ------------------------------------------------------------------------ <P> And here are some useful <A NAME="2">conversions</A>, taken from the FAQ maintained by mara@kauri.vuw.ac.nz (great job!)<P> <pre> 5ml = 1 tsp 15ml = 1 tblsp 28.3g = 1 ounce ( ==> 100g = 3.5 ounces ) 454g = 1 pound ( ==> 1kg = 2.2 pound ) 250ml = 1 cup 1 l = 4 cups 180 deg C = 350 deg F 220 deg C = 425 deg F ------------------------------------------------------------------------ </pre> And now let's come to the meals. All of those are calculated for 4 servings! <P> Unfortunately the exact cooking temperatures and times haven't been handed down in all cases. You have to rely on your gut feeling. But I hope you enjoy all of it nonetheless!<P> <b><A NAME="3">ISICIA OMENTATA (a kind of Roman Burgers)</A></B><P> <pre> (Apic. 2, 1, 7) Ingredients: ------------ 500g minced meat 1 french roll, soaked in white wine 1/2 tsp freshly ground pepper 50ml Liquamen (can be replaced by 1/2 tsp salt + a little white wine) some stone-pine kernels and green peppercorns a little Caroenum Baking foil Instructions: ------------- Mix minced meat with the soaked french roll. Ground spices and mix into the meat. Form small burgers and put pine kernels and peppercorns into them. Put them into baking foil and grill them together with Caroenum. </pre> <b><A NAME="4">PEPONES ET MELONES (Water and Honey Melons)</A></B><P> <pre> (Apic. 3, 7) Ingredients: ------------ 1/2 honey melon \ both peeled, diced 1/2 water melon / and stoned 500ml Passum a little bit of honey (or Passum) 1 tblsp minced parsley 1/2 tsp freshly ground pepper a little bit of Liquamen, or a dash of salt Poleiminze, Silphium, vinegar, if wanted Instructions: ------------- Cook diced melons in a pan together with spices and herbs until done. Sometimes Silphium is added. </pre> <b><A NAME="5">PATINA DE PISCICULIS (Soufflee of Small Fishes)</A></B><P> <pre> (Apic. 4, 2, 30) Ingredients: ------------ 500g boiled fillet of small fishes or whole sardelles 150g dried raisins (sultanas) 1/2 tsp freshly ground pepper 1 tblsp Liebstoeckl 1 tblsp oregano 2 small diced onions 200ml oil 50ml Liquamen, or 1/2 tsp salt some cornstarch Instructions: ------------- Mix raisins, pepper, Liebstoeckl, oregano, onion, wine, Liquamen and oil together and put in a casserole. Cook until done. Then put small boiled fish fillets or boiled small whole fishes into it. Thicken with a bit of cornstarch and serve. </pre> <B><A NAME="6">PATINA DE PIRIS (Pear Soufflee)</A></B><P> <pre> (Apic. 4, 2, 35) Ingredients: ------------ 1kg pears (peeled and without core) 6 eggs 4 tblsp honey 100ml Passum a little bit oil 50ml Liquamen, or 1/4 tsp salt 1/2 tsp ground cumin ground pepper to taste Instructions: ------------- Mesh cooked and peeled pears (without core) together with pepper,cumin, honey, Passum, Liquamen and a bit of oil. Add eggs and put into a casserole. Cook approximately 30 minutes on small to moderate heat. Serve with a bitt of pepper sprinkled on the soufflee. </pre> <b><A NAME="7">MINUTAL MARINUM (Seafood Fricassee)</A></B><P> <pre> (Apic. 4, 3, 1) Ingredients: ------------ 500g fish fillet (e.g. salmon) 250ml white wine 500ml beef broth 3 leek branches (I hope branch is the correct expression...) 100ml oil Liquamen or salt, coriander, pepper, Liebstoeckl, Oregano to taste a little bit of starch or flour to thicken the sauce Instructions: ------------- Put the fish in a pan, add Liquamen, oil, wine and broth. Chop leek branches and coriander. Chop fillets into a kind of fish goulash.bszRC Cook approximately 30 minutes on small to moderate heat. When well done ground coriander, Liebstoeckl and oregano and add to the fish fricassee. Boil again shortly. Then thicken sauce with starch, sprinkle pepper on the fricasse and serve. </pre> <b><A NAME="8">GUSTUM DE PRAECOQUIS (Starter with Apricots)</A></B><P> <pre> (Apic. 4, 5, 4) Ingredients: ------------ 1kg firm ripe apricots or nectarines 200ml white wine 250ml Passum ^D:-y?1 peppermint tea bag (portion for one cup) pepper, Liquamen or salt, cornstarch, a little vinegar and honeykE)T@wfC>r7wZ {L,i&6sSyv: ------------- Wash, cut and stone apricots. Put them with a little cold water in a pan. Ground pepper and dried mint (that's where the tea bag comes handy...), add Liquamen, honey, Passum, wine and vinegar. Pour into the pan with a little oil. Cook approximately 20 minutes on small to moderate heat. After it boiled add a bit of cornstarch to thicken the sauce, sprinkle with pepper and serve. </pre> <b><A NAME="9">FABACIAE VIRIDES ET BAIANAE (Green and Baian Beans)</A></B><P> <pre> (Apic. 5, 6, 1) Ingredients: ------------ )500g soybeans with pod, or green beans 50ml Liquamen, or 1/2 tsp salt with 50ml wine 1-2 tblsp oil 1 tblsp minced coriander leaves (or 1/2 tblsp ground coriander seed) 1 tsp cumin seeds 1/2 minced branch of leek Instructions: ------------- Cook beans with Liquamen, oil, leek and spices. Serve. </pre> <b><a NAME="10">PULLUM FRONTONIANUM (Chicken a la Fronto)</A>/B><P> <pre> (Apic. 6, 9, 13) Ingredients: ------------ 1 fresh chicken (approx. 1-1.5kg) 100ml oil 200ml Liquamen, or 200ml wine + 2 tsp salt 1 branch of leek fresh dill, Saturei, coriander, pepper to taste a little bit of Defritum Instructions: ------------- Start to fry chicken and season with a mixture of Liquamen and oil, together with bunches of dill, leek, Saturei and fresh coriander. Then cook approximately 1 hour with 220 deg C in the oven. When the chicken is done, moisten a plate with Defritum, put chicken on it, sprinkle pepper on it, and serve. </pre> <b><A NAME="11">PULLUS FUSILIS (Chicken With Liquid Filling)</A></B><P> <pre> (Apic. 6, 9, 15) Ingredients: ------------ 1 fresh chicken (approx. 1-1.5kg) 300g minced meat (half beef, half pork) 100g groats (of oat) 2 eggs 250ml white wine 1 tblsp oil 1 tblsp Liebstoeckl 1/4 tsp ground ginger 1/4 tsp ground pepper 1 tsp green peppercorns 50g stone-pine kernels Liquamen or salt to taste Instructions: ------------- Ground pepper, Liebstoeckl, ginger, minced meat and cooked groats. Add eggs and mix until you have a smooth mass. Season with Liquamen, add oil, whole peppercorns and stone-pine kernels. Fill this dough into the chicken. Cook approximately 1 hour with 220 deg C in the oven. </pre> <b><A NAME="12">DULCIA DOMESTICA (Housemade Dessert)</a></B><P> <pre> (Apic. 7, 13, 1) Ingredients: ------------ 200g fresh or dried dates 50g coarsely ground nuts or stone-pine kernels a little bit salt honey, or red wine with honey (to stew) Instructions: ------------- Take the stones out of the dates and fill them with nuts or stone-pine kernels. Sprinkle a bit of salt on the filled dates and stew them in honey or honey-sweetened red wine. The dates have to be cooked in on low heat until their paring starts to come off (approximately 5-10 minutes). Note: ----- You may also fill some dates with ground pepper. (I wonder how this might taste - but that's a suggestion made in the original recipe.) </pre> <B><a NAME="13">ALITER DULCIA (Another Kind of Dessert)</A></B><P> <pre> (Apic. 7, 13, 5) Ingredients: ------------ 250g coarsely ground nuts 100g coarsely ground stone-pine kernels 3-4 tblsp honey 1 tsp minced rue 50ml Passum 50ml milk 2 eggs honey to drip on afterwards a small amound of ground pepper Instructions: ------------- Mesh pepper, pine kernels, honey, rue and Passum with milk and eggs, and boil the dough. Serve topped with honey and sprinkle with pepper. </pre> <b><a Name="14">TIROPATINAM (A Kind of Soufflee)</A></B><P> <pre> (Apic. 7, 13, 7) Ingredients: ------------ 500ml milk 6 eggs 3 tblsp honey a little bit of ground pepper Instructions: ------------- Sweeten milk with honey, add eggs and mix together until smooth. Cook on low heat until stiff, sprinkle pepper on it and serve. </pre> <b><A NAME="15">OVA SFONGIA EX LACTE (Pancakes with Milk)</A></B><P> <pre> (Apic. 7, 13, 8) Ingredients: ------------ 8 eggs 600ml milk 100ml oil a little bit honey a little bit ground pepper Instructions: ------------- Mix eggs, milk and oil until you have a pancake dough. Fry in a pan and serve topped with honey and a little pepper. </pre> <b><a NAME="16">IN OVIS APALIS (Boiled Eggs)</A></B><P> <pre> (Apic. 7, 19, 3) Ingredients: ------------ 8 hard boiled eggs (not too well done - boil ca. 4 minutes) 50g stone-pine kernels honey, pepper, vinegar, Liebstoeckl, Liquamen (or salt) to taste Instructions: ------------- Dressing for boiled eggs: Mix together pepper, Liebstoeckl, soaked pine kernels. Add honey and vinegar and season with Liquamen. Serve together with the eggs. </pre> <b><A NAME="17">VITELLINA FRICTA (Fried Veal)</A></B><P> <pre> (Apic. 8, 5, 1) Ingredients: ------------ 800g - 1kg veal 300g dried raisins (sultanas) 1 tblsp honey 2 tblsp vinegar 200ml wine 100ml oil 100ml Defritum 100ml Liquamen (or 1tsp salt) pepper, celery seeds, Liebstoeckl, cumin, oregano, dried onion to taste Instructions: ------------- Fry veal in olive oil until well done. Mix raisins, wine, vinegar, honey, oil, Liquamen and spices together in an extra pan, shortly boil the sauce. Pour over the veal, then leave the meat for 10 minutes in the sauce and cook on low heat. Serve. </pre> <b><A NAME="18">IN VITULINAM ELIXAM (Boiled Veal)</A></B><P> <pre> (Apic. 8, 5, 3) Ingredients: ------------ 800g - 1kg veal pepper, Liebstoeckl, cumin, celery seeds to taste 2 tblsp honey 2 tblsp vinegar 100ml oil 100ml Liquamen (or 100ml white wine + 1 tsp salt) a little bit of cornstarch Instructions: ------------- Cook the veal for about 1 1/2 hour until well done. Mix together honey, vinegar, oil, ligamen and spices in an extra pan. Boil the sauce only shortly and thicken it with cornstarch. Then pour sauce over the veal and let boil on low heat for another 10 minutes. Serve. </pre> <B><A NAME="19">ALITER BAEDINAM SIVE AGNINAM EXCALDATAM (Steamed Lamb)</A></B><P> <pre> (Apic. 8, 6, 2) Ingredients: ------------ 10 lamb cutlets 1 l white wine 100ml oil 2 big onions, diced 2 tblsp ground coriander 1 tsp ground pepper 1 tblsp Liebstoeckl 1 tsp ground cumin 200ml Liquamen (or 2 tsp salt) Instructions: ------------- Put cutlets into pot, together with diced onion and spices. Add Liquamen, oil and wine. Cook 45-60 minutes. Pour sauce into a pan and thicken it with starch. Serve cutlets together with the sauce. <pre> <b><A NAME="20">IN MITULIS (Sea Mussels)</A></B><P> <pre> (Apic. 9, 9) Ingredients: ------------ 1kg fresh sea mussels 100ml Liquamen 1 branch of leek, finely minced 1 tsp cumin 200ml Passum 1 tblsp minced Saturei 500ml white wine ca. 500ml water Instructions: ------------- First water mussels, and clean them. Mix together Liquamen, wine, water, Passum and spices. Boil the broth for about 20 minutes, then add mussels. Boil additional 10 minutes. Serve. </pre> <b><A NAME="21">SARDA ITA FIT (Tuna)</A></B><P> <pre> (Apic. 9, 10, 2) Ingredients: ------------ 500g cooked tuna fillet 1/2 tsp ground pepper 1/2 tsp Liebstoeckl 1/2 tsp thyme 1/2 tsp oregano 1/2 tsp rue 150g dates (without stones) 1 tblsp honey 4 hard boiled eggs (in quarters) 50ml white wine 2 tblsp wine vinegar 50ml Defritum 2-3 tblsp green olive oil Instructions: ------------- Cook tuna fillet. Mesh fillet together with dates, honey, wine, vinegar, Defritum and oil. Put mass into a bowl and garnish with egg quarters. Serve. </pre> <b><A NAME="22">SCILLAS (Big Shrimps)</A></B><P> <pre> (Apic. exc. 17) Ingredients: ------------ 500g cooked and prepared big shrimps 1 tsp green pepper 1 tblsp Liebstoeckl 1/2 tsp ground celery seeds 2-3 tblsp vinegar 100ml Liquamen (or 1/2 tsp salt) 4-5 hacked hard-boiled egg yolks Instructions: ------------- Cook shrimps. Then ground pepper, celery seeds and Liebstoeckl. Pour vinegar, Liquamen and egg yolks over it and mix thoroughly. Pour the mixture over the shrimpsand serve. </pre> <B><A NAME="23">MUSTACEI (= Must Rolls)</A></B><P> <pre> (Cato: de agricultura, 121) Ingredients: ------------ 500g wheat flour 300ml grape juice (or young wine) 2 tblsp anise seeds 2 tblsp cumin seeds 100g lard 50g grated cheese (sheep's cheese would be best) ca. 20 bay leaves Instructions: ------------- Pour some must over the flour, add anise and cumin seeds, the lard and cheese. Work it together until you have a reasonable dough. Form rolls, then put one bay leaf under each of them. Bake 30-35 minutes at 180 deg C. Note: ----- It's better to make the must rolls with yeast dough, because then they can be kept longer, and they are not so hard. To make the yeast dough, add 40g yeast to the flour + grape juice, leave it a while until you continue like above. </pre> <hr><hr><ADDRESS><A HREF="http://www.mcs.vuw.ac.nz/school/staff/Amy-Gale.html">mara</A></ADDRESS><hr><p><b><a href="http://www.scs.cmu.edu/">Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science</a></b> (SCS) graciously hosts the <b>Recipe Archive</b>. We encourage you to learn about SCS <b><a href="http://www.scs.cmu.edu/education/">educational programs</a></b> and <b><a href="http://www.scs.cmu.edu/research/">research</a></b>.</p><hr><p><b><a href="http://www.scs.cmu.edu/">Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science</a></b> (SCS) graciously hosts the <b>Recipe Archive</b>. We encourage you to learn about SCS <b><a href="http://www.scs.cmu.edu/education/">educational programs</a></b> and <b><a href="http://www.scs.cmu.edu/research/">research</a></b>.</p>

Antique Roman Dishes - Collection # Antique Roman Dishes - Collection From: hz225wu@unidui.uni-duisburg.de (Micaela Pantke) Date: Thu, 22 Jul 93 11:12:07 +0200 ## Contents * [Native Roman Ingredients](#1)* [Conversions](#2)* [Isicia Omentata (A kind of Roman Burger)](#3)* [Pepones et Melones (water and honey melons](#4)* [Patina de pisciculis (souffle of small fishes)](#5)* [Patina de Piris (pear souffle)](#6)* [Minutal Marinum (seafood fricassee)](#7)* [Gustum de Praecoquis (starter with apricots)](#8)* [Fabaciae Virides et Baianae (Green and Baian Beans)](#9)* [Pullum Frontonianum (Chicken a la Fronto)](#10)* [Pullus Fusilis (Chicken With Liquid Filling)](#11)* [Dulcia Domestica (Housemade Dessert)](#12)* [Aliter Dulcia (Another Kind of Dessert)](#13)* [Tiropatinam (A Kind of Soufflee)](#14)* [Ova Sfongia Ex Lacte (Pancakes with Milk)](#15)* [In Ovis Apalis (Boiled Eggs)](#16)* [Vitellina Fricta (Fried Veal)](#17)* [In Vitulinam Elixam (Boiled Veal)](#18)* [Aliter Baedinam Sive Agninam Excaldatam(Steamed Lamb)](#19)* [In Mitulis (Sea Mussels)](#20)* [Sarda Ita Fit (Tuna)](#21)* [Scillas (Big Shrimps)](#22)* [Mustacei (= Must Rolls)](#23) The following recipes are taken from an old Roman cookbook MARCUS GAVIUS APICIUS: DE RE COQUINARIA The book I have is edited and translated from Latin by Robert Maier. My humble person only translated the German translations into English. I hope the recipes are still rather near to the originals... ------------------------------------------------------------------------ First I have to introduce you to some native Roman ingredients, such as: -- Caroenum: Boiled must (you have to boil the new wine or grape juice until it is only half the amount you started with). -- Defritum: Either thick fIg syrup, or must that's boiled until you have only a third of the amount with which you started. -- Liebstoeckl: I didn't find an English translation. In Latin it's called 'levisticum officinale'. It's an umbelliferous plant with yellowish flowers. Its dried roots are used as spice. It seems to be a kind of celery. -- Liquamen: a salty fish sauce. Most of the time you can replace it by salt. -- Passum: Very sweet wine sauce, made by boiling the must (new wine or grape juice) to thicken it. (maybe add honey? - just my guess) -- Poleiminze: A kind of mint that's growing in inundated areas. Just replace it by ordinary mint. -- Saturei: I didn't find an English translation. In Latin it's called 'satureia hortensis'. It's a violet or white flowered kind of labiate plants which grows mainly in Southern Europe. It's used as a spice plant, especially for bean dishes. -- Silphium: Its other names are 'Laser' or 'ferula asa foetida'. I've noticed that it's also called 'hing' in the Indian cuisine. It is an onion and garlic substitute and should be used rather sparingly because of its very strong taste and smell. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ And here are some useful conversions, taken from the FAQ maintained by mara@kauri.vuw.ac.nz (great job!) ``` 5ml = 1 tsp 15ml = 1 tblsp 28.3g = 1 ounce ( ==> 100g = 3.5 ounces ) 454g = 1 pound ( ==> 1kg = 2.2 pound ) 250ml = 1 cup 1 l = 4 cups 180 deg C = 350 deg F 220 deg C = 425 deg F ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ``` And now let's come to the meals. All of those are calculated for 4 servings! Unfortunately the exact cooking temperatures and times haven't been handed down in all cases. You have to rely on your gut feeling. But I hope you enjoy all of it nonetheless! **ISICIA OMENTATA (a kind of Roman Burgers)** ``` (Apic. 2, 1, 7) Ingredients: ------------ 500g minced meat 1 french roll, soaked in white wine 1/2 tsp freshly ground pepper 50ml Liquamen (can be replaced by 1/2 tsp salt + a little white wine) some stone-pine kernels and green peppercorns a little Caroenum Baking foil Instructions: ------------- Mix minced meat with the soaked french roll. Ground spices and mix into the meat. Form small burgers and put pine kernels and peppercorns into them. Put them into baking foil and grill them together with Caroenum. ``` **PEPONES ET MELONES (Water and Honey Melons)** ``` (Apic. 3, 7) Ingredients: ------------ 1/2 honey melon \ both peeled, diced 1/2 water melon / and stoned 500ml Passum a little bit of honey (or Passum) 1 tblsp minced parsley 1/2 tsp freshly ground pepper a little bit of Liquamen, or a dash of salt Poleiminze, Silphium, vinegar, if wanted Instructions: ------------- Cook diced melons in a pan together with spices and herbs until done. Sometimes Silphium is added. ``` **PATINA DE PISCICULIS (Soufflee of Small Fishes)** ``` (Apic. 4, 2, 30) Ingredients: ------------ 500g boiled fillet of small fishes or whole sardelles 150g dried raisins (sultanas) 1/2 tsp freshly ground pepper 1 tblsp Liebstoeckl 1 tblsp oregano 2 small diced onions 200ml oil 50ml Liquamen, or 1/2 tsp salt some cornstarch Instructions: ------------- Mix raisins, pepper, Liebstoeckl, oregano, onion, wine, Liquamen and oil together and put in a casserole. Cook until done. Then put small boiled fish fillets or boiled small whole fishes into it. Thicken with a bit of cornstarch and serve. ``` **PATINA DE PIRIS (Pear Soufflee)** ``` (Apic. 4, 2, 35) Ingredients: ------------ 1kg pears (peeled and without core) 6 eggs 4 tblsp honey 100ml Passum a little bit oil 50ml Liquamen, or 1/4 tsp salt 1/2 tsp ground cumin ground pepper to taste Instructions: ------------- Mesh cooked and peeled pears (without core) together with pepper,cumin, honey, Passum, Liquamen and a bit of oil. Add eggs and put into a casserole. Cook approximately 30 minutes on small to moderate heat. Serve with a bitt of pepper sprinkled on the soufflee. ``` **MINUTAL MARINUM (Seafood Fricassee)** ``` (Apic. 4, 3, 1) Ingredients: ------------ 500g fish fillet (e.g. salmon) 250ml white wine 500ml beef broth 3 leek branches (I hope branch is the correct expression...) 100ml oil Liquamen or salt, coriander, pepper, Liebstoeckl, Oregano to taste a little bit of starch or flour to thicken the sauce Instructions: ------------- Put the fish in a pan, add Liquamen, oil, wine and broth. Chop leek branches and coriander. Chop fillets into a kind of fish goulash.bszRC Cook approximately 30 minutes on small to moderate heat. When well done ground coriander, Liebstoeckl and oregano and add to the fish fricassee. Boil again shortly. Then thicken sauce with starch, sprinkle pepper on the fricasse and serve. ``` **GUSTUM DE PRAECOQUIS (Starter with Apricots)** ``` (Apic. 4, 5, 4) Ingredients: ------------ 1kg firm ripe apricots or nectarines 200ml white wine 250ml Passum ^D:-y?1 peppermint tea bag (portion for one cup) pepper, Liquamen or salt, cornstarch, a little vinegar and honeykE)T@wfC>r7wZ {L,i&6sSyv: ------------- Wash, cut and stone apricots. Put them with a little cold water in a pan. Ground pepper and dried mint (that's where the tea bag comes handy...), add Liquamen, honey, Passum, wine and vinegar. Pour into the pan with a little oil. Cook approximately 20 minutes on small to moderate heat. After it boiled add a bit of cornstarch to thicken the sauce, sprinkle with pepper and serve. ``` **FABACIAE VIRIDES ET BAIANAE (Green and Baian Beans)** ``` (Apic. 5, 6, 1) Ingredients: ------------ )500g soybeans with pod, or green beans 50ml Liquamen, or 1/2 tsp salt with 50ml wine 1-2 tblsp oil 1 tblsp minced coriander leaves (or 1/2 tblsp ground coriander seed) 1 tsp cumin seeds 1/2 minced branch of leek Instructions: ------------- Cook beans with Liquamen, oil, leek and spices. Serve. ``` **PULLUM FRONTONIANUM (Chicken a la Fronto)/B> ``` (Apic. 6, 9, 13) Ingredients: ------------ 1 fresh chicken (approx. 1-1.5kg) 100ml oil 200ml Liquamen, or 200ml wine + 2 tsp salt 1 branch of leek fresh dill, Saturei, coriander, pepper to taste a little bit of Defritum Instructions: ------------- Start to fry chicken and season with a mixture of Liquamen and oil, together with bunches of dill, leek, Saturei and fresh coriander. Then cook approximately 1 hour with 220 deg C in the oven. When the chicken is done, moisten a plate with Defritum, put chicken on it, sprinkle pepper on it, and serve. ``` **PULLUS FUSILIS (Chicken With Liquid Filling)** ``` (Apic. 6, 9, 15) Ingredients: ------------ 1 fresh chicken (approx. 1-1.5kg) 300g minced meat (half beef, half pork) 100g groats (of oat) 2 eggs 250ml white wine 1 tblsp oil 1 tblsp Liebstoeckl 1/4 tsp ground ginger 1/4 tsp ground pepper 1 tsp green peppercorns 50g stone-pine kernels Liquamen or salt to taste Instructions: ------------- Ground pepper, Liebstoeckl, ginger, minced meat and cooked groats. Add eggs and mix until you have a smooth mass. Season with Liquamen, add oil, whole peppercorns and stone-pine kernels. Fill this dough into the chicken. Cook approximately 1 hour with 220 deg C in the oven. ``` **DULCIA DOMESTICA (Housemade Dessert)** ``` (Apic. 7, 13, 1) Ingredients: ------------ 200g fresh or dried dates 50g coarsely ground nuts or stone-pine kernels a little bit salt honey, or red wine with honey (to stew) Instructions: ------------- Take the stones out of the dates and fill them with nuts or stone-pine kernels. Sprinkle a bit of salt on the filled dates and stew them in honey or honey-sweetened red wine. The dates have to be cooked in on low heat until their paring starts to come off (approximately 5-10 minutes). Note: ----- You may also fill some dates with ground pepper. (I wonder how this might taste - but that's a suggestion made in the original recipe.) ``` **ALITER DULCIA (Another Kind of Dessert)** ``` (Apic. 7, 13, 5) Ingredients: ------------ 250g coarsely ground nuts 100g coarsely ground stone-pine kernels 3-4 tblsp honey 1 tsp minced rue 50ml Passum 50ml milk 2 eggs honey to drip on afterwards a small amound of ground pepper Instructions: ------------- Mesh pepper, pine kernels, honey, rue and Passum with milk and eggs, and boil the dough. Serve topped with honey and sprinkle with pepper. ``` **TIROPATINAM (A Kind of Soufflee)** ``` (Apic. 7, 13, 7) Ingredients: ------------ 500ml milk 6 eggs 3 tblsp honey a little bit of ground pepper Instructions: ------------- Sweeten milk with honey, add eggs and mix together until smooth. Cook on low heat until stiff, sprinkle pepper on it and serve. ``` **OVA SFONGIA EX LACTE (Pancakes with Milk)** ``` (Apic. 7, 13, 8) Ingredients: ------------ 8 eggs 600ml milk 100ml oil a little bit honey a little bit ground pepper Instructions: ------------- Mix eggs, milk and oil until you have a pancake dough. Fry in a pan and serve topped with honey and a little pepper. ``` **IN OVIS APALIS (Boiled Eggs)** ``` (Apic. 7, 19, 3) Ingredients: ------------ 8 hard boiled eggs (not too well done - boil ca. 4 minutes) 50g stone-pine kernels honey, pepper, vinegar, Liebstoeckl, Liquamen (or salt) to taste Instructions: ------------- Dressing for boiled eggs: Mix together pepper, Liebstoeckl, soaked pine kernels. Add honey and vinegar and season with Liquamen. Serve together with the eggs. ``` **VITELLINA FRICTA (Fried Veal)** ``` (Apic. 8, 5, 1) Ingredients: ------------ 800g - 1kg veal 300g dried raisins (sultanas) 1 tblsp honey 2 tblsp vinegar 200ml wine 100ml oil 100ml Defritum 100ml Liquamen (or 1tsp salt) pepper, celery seeds, Liebstoeckl, cumin, oregano, dried onion to taste Instructions: ------------- Fry veal in olive oil until well done. Mix raisins, wine, vinegar, honey, oil, Liquamen and spices together in an extra pan, shortly boil the sauce. Pour over the veal, then leave the meat for 10 minutes in the sauce and cook on low heat. Serve. ``` **IN VITULINAM ELIXAM (Boiled Veal)** ``` (Apic. 8, 5, 3) Ingredients: ------------ 800g - 1kg veal pepper, Liebstoeckl, cumin, celery seeds to taste 2 tblsp honey 2 tblsp vinegar 100ml oil 100ml Liquamen (or 100ml white wine + 1 tsp salt) a little bit of cornstarch Instructions: ------------- Cook the veal for about 1 1/2 hour until well done. Mix together honey, vinegar, oil, ligamen and spices in an extra pan. Boil the sauce only shortly and thicken it with cornstarch. Then pour sauce over the veal and let boil on low heat for another 10 minutes. Serve. ``` **ALITER BAEDINAM SIVE AGNINAM EXCALDATAM (Steamed Lamb)** ``` (Apic. 8, 6, 2) Ingredients: ------------ 10 lamb cutlets 1 l white wine 100ml oil 2 big onions, diced 2 tblsp ground coriander 1 tsp ground pepper 1 tblsp Liebstoeckl 1 tsp ground cumin 200ml Liquamen (or 2 tsp salt) Instructions: ------------- Put cutlets into pot, together with diced onion and spices. Add Liquamen, oil and wine. Cook 45-60 minutes. Pour sauce into a pan and thicken it with starch. Serve cutlets together with the sauce. ``` **IN MITULIS (Sea Mussels)** ``` (Apic. 9, 9) Ingredients: ------------ 1kg fresh sea mussels 100ml Liquamen 1 branch of leek, finely minced 1 tsp cumin 200ml Passum 1 tblsp minced Saturei 500ml white wine ca. 500ml water Instructions: ------------- First water mussels, and clean them. Mix together Liquamen, wine, water, Passum and spices. Boil the broth for about 20 minutes, then add mussels. Boil additional 10 minutes. Serve. ``` **SARDA ITA FIT (Tuna)** ``` (Apic. 9, 10, 2) Ingredients: ------------ 500g cooked tuna fillet 1/2 tsp ground pepper 1/2 tsp Liebstoeckl 1/2 tsp thyme 1/2 tsp oregano 1/2 tsp rue 150g dates (without stones) 1 tblsp honey 4 hard boiled eggs (in quarters) 50ml white wine 2 tblsp wine vinegar 50ml Defritum 2-3 tblsp green olive oil Instructions: ------------- Cook tuna fillet. Mesh fillet together with dates, honey, wine, vinegar, Defritum and oil. Put mass into a bowl and garnish with egg quarters. Serve. ``` **SCILLAS (Big Shrimps)** ``` (Apic. exc. 17) Ingredients: ------------ 500g cooked and prepared big shrimps 1 tsp green pepper 1 tblsp Liebstoeckl 1/2 tsp ground celery seeds 2-3 tblsp vinegar 100ml Liquamen (or 1/2 tsp salt) 4-5 hacked hard-boiled egg yolks Instructions: ------------- Cook shrimps. Then ground pepper, celery seeds and Liebstoeckl. Pour vinegar, Liquamen and egg yolks over it and mix thoroughly. Pour the mixture over the shrimpsand serve. ``` **MUSTACEI (= Must Rolls)** ``` (Cato: de agricultura, 121) Ingredients: ------------ 500g wheat flour 300ml grape juice (or young wine) 2 tblsp anise seeds 2 tblsp cumin seeds 100g lard 50g grated cheese (sheep's cheese would be best) ca. 20 bay leaves Instructions: ------------- Pour some must over the flour, add anise and cumin seeds, the lard and cheese. Work it together until you have a reasonable dough. Form rolls, then put one bay leaf under each of them. Bake 30-35 minutes at 180 deg C. Note: ----- It's better to make the must rolls with yeast dough, because then they can be kept longer, and they are not so hard. To make the yeast dough, add 40g yeast to the flour + grape juice, leave it a while until you continue like above. ``` --- --- [mara](http://www.mcs.vuw.ac.nz/school/staff/Amy-Gale.html) --- **[Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science](http://www.scs.cmu.edu/)** (SCS) graciously hosts the **Recipe Archive**. We encourage you to learn about SCS **[educational programs](http://www.scs.cmu.edu/education/)** and **[research](http://www.scs.cmu.edu/research/)**. --- **[Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science](http://www.scs.cmu.edu/)** (SCS) graciously hosts the **Recipe Archive**. We encourage you to learn about SCS **[educational programs](http://www.scs.cmu.edu/education/)** and **[research](http://www.scs.cmu.edu/research/)**. ``` ```**

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class="blockTitle"></div> <div class="blockContent"><center> <script type="text/javascript"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> </center></div></td> </tr> </table> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2"> <tr> <td> <div class="blockTitle">Latest Published Articles</div> <div class="blockContent"><table> <tr> <td class="even"> <a href="http://www.titanic.com/modules/articles/article.php?id=64">Titanic Quarter GeoEye satellite imagery</a> <span style="font-size: smaller;">[2012-05-16 01:11:12]</span> <br /> Satellite imagery of the Titanic Quarter area and surrounding Belfast Barb... </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="odd"> <a href="http://www.titanic.com/modules/articles/article.php?id=63">Titanic faith: Put god first - Titan published in 1898</a> <span style="font-size: smaller;">[2012-05-10 00:48:58]</span> <br /> In 1898, 13.5 years before the Titanic made her maiden voyage, M. Robertso... </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="even"> <a href="http://www.titanic.com/modules/articles/article.php?id=61">Titanic II built in China: will it last or fade.</a> <span style="font-size: smaller;">[2012-05-05 16:54:59]</span> <br /> Australian billionaire Clive Palmer has confirmed that he is to build a re... </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="odd"> <a href="http://www.titanic.com/modules/articles/article.php?id=60">Donate to Titanic.com the community site</a> <span style="font-size: smaller;">[2012-05-01 20:56:27]</span> <br /> At Titanic.com we have worked very hard to provide a place where people ca... </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="even"> <a href="http://www.titanic.com/modules/articles/article.php?id=59">Atlantic ships sharing Titanic's misfortune allong the Northern Ice Route By Ian Jackson</a> <span style="font-size: smaller;">[2012-04-29 21:30:48]</span> <br /> The bitter winds of an Atlantic spring embraced the ship as she cut throug... </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="odd"> <a href="http://www.titanic.com/modules/articles/article.php?id=58">How to Survive the Titanic or The Sinking of J. Bruce Ismay - Memoir from Author Frances Wilson</a> <span style="font-size: smaller;">[2012-04-09 18:20:20]</span> <br /> I have been fascinated by the Titanic since, as a child, I saw the film... </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="even"> <a href="http://www.titanic.com/modules/articles/article.php?id=56">Stress on Titanic's Speed</a> <span style="font-size: smaller;">[2012-03-16 15:30:48]</span> <br /> London, May 3-The Attorney General, Rufus Isaacs, addressed the Wreck com... </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="odd"> <a href="http://www.titanic.com/modules/articles/article.php?id=49">Pop Houses from Conny, The Netherlands.</a> <span style="font-size: smaller;">[2007-08-28 00:38:22]</span> <br /> [quote]The Titanic in which Leonardo DiCaprio and Kate Winslet play the he... </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="even"> <a href="http://www.titanic.com/modules/articles/article.php?id=48">Advertise on Titanic.com</a> <span style="font-size: smaller;">[2007-05-11 21:49:17]</span> <br /> [b]Advertise on Titanic.com[/b] Are you looking to advertise your servi... </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="odd"> <a href="http://www.titanic.com/modules/articles/article.php?id=44">Using the Titanic to Teach Archimedes Principle</a> <span style="font-size: smaller;">[2006-12-21 01:51:47]</span> <br /> By Peter J. Yonko One line in a scene from the movie Titanic was the ... </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="even"> <a href="http://www.titanic.com/modules/articles/article.php?id=42">Titanic attraction: Belfast</a> <span style="font-size: smaller;">[2006-10-28 15:08:51]</span> <br /> Belfast is now a modern city with extensive transport possibilities: 2 a... </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="odd"> <a href="http://www.titanic.com/modules/articles/article.php?id=40">Scientific Abstract on the Deterioration of Titanic</a> <span style="font-size: smaller;">[2005-09-20 01:17:24]</span> <br /> The Titanic is proving to be a literal treasure-trove for scientific study... </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="even"> <a href="http://www.titanic.com/modules/articles/article.php?id=39">Archimedes Principle lesson from Titanic</a> <span style="font-size: smaller;">[2005-08-01 11:31:03]</span> <br /> The lecturer "Peter J. Yonko" from Newark said in his lesson that [quo... </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="odd"> <a href="http://www.titanic.com/modules/articles/article.php?id=37">Roots of qm2 goes back to Titanic's great heritage</a> <span style="font-size: smaller;">[2005-02-20 21:00:17]</span> <br /> Now, on this website you will note much debate about Titanic. 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Titanic.com" title="Live stream of the Titanic Light Show on Titanic.com" /></a><br /></li> <li><a href="http://www.titanic.com/modules/myalbum/photo.php?lid=2563&cid=9">Titanic Light Show April 6</a> (2012/5/6)<br /> <a href="http://www.titanic.com/modules/myalbum/photo.php?lid=2563&cid=9"><img src="http://www.titanic.com/uploads/thumbs/2563.jpg" alt="Titanic Light Show April 6" title="Titanic Light Show April 6" /></a><br /></li> <li><a href="http://www.titanic.com/modules/myalbum/photo.php?lid=2562&cid=9">Titanic Belfast: Lord Mayor of Belfast with MTV Presentator</a> (2012/5/6)<br /> <a href="http://www.titanic.com/modules/myalbum/photo.php?lid=2562&cid=9"><img src="http://www.titanic.com/uploads/thumbs/2562.jpg" alt="Titanic Belfast: Lord Mayor of Belfast with MTV Presentator" title="Titanic Belfast: Lord Mayor of Belfast with MTV Presentator" /></a><br /></li> <li><a href="http://www.titanic.com/modules/myalbum/photo.php?lid=2567&cid=6">Titanic Abercorn tram token</a> 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rescue ship - Watercolour painting of Carpathia" /></a><br /></li> <li><a href="http://www.titanic.com/modules/myalbum/photo.php?lid=608&cid=22">Titanic Was Built Here Sign At Harland & Wolff </a> (2012/5/5)<br /> <a href="http://www.titanic.com/modules/myalbum/photo.php?lid=608&cid=22"><img src="http://www.titanic.com/uploads/thumbs/608.jpg" alt="Titanic Was Built Here Sign At Harland & Wolff " title="Titanic Was Built Here Sign At Harland & Wolff " /></a><br /></li> <li><a href="http://www.titanic.com/modules/myalbum/photo.php?lid=2570&cid=11">1:87 (HO Scale) TITANIC built 1985-89</a> (2012/4/26)<br /> <a href="http://www.titanic.com/modules/myalbum/photo.php?lid=2570&cid=11"><img src="http://www.titanic.com/uploads/thumbs/2570.jpg" alt="1:87 (HO Scale) TITANIC built 1985-89" title="1:87 (HO Scale) TITANIC built 1985-89" /></a><br /></li> <li><a href="http://www.titanic.com/modules/myalbum/photo.php?lid=2566&cid=11">1/16" Titanic Model by Bassett-Lowke Northampton</a> (2012/4/25)<br /> <a href="http://www.titanic.com/modules/myalbum/photo.php?lid=2566&cid=11"><img src="http://www.titanic.com/uploads/thumbs/2566.jpg" alt="1/16" Titanic Model by Bassett-Lowke Northampton" title="1/16" Titanic Model by Bassett-Lowke Northampton" /></a><br /></li> <li><a href="http://www.titanic.com/modules/myalbum/photo.php?lid=2561&cid=11">Titanic</a> (2012/4/14)<br /> <a href="http://www.titanic.com/modules/myalbum/photo.php?lid=2561&cid=11"><img src="http://www.titanic.com/uploads/thumbs/2561.jpg" alt="Titanic" title="Titanic" /></a><br /></li> <li><a href="http://www.titanic.com/modules/myalbum/photo.php?lid=2560&cid=11">Titanic</a> (2012/4/14)<br /> <a href="http://www.titanic.com/modules/myalbum/photo.php?lid=2560&cid=11"><img src="http://www.titanic.com/uploads/thumbs/2560.jpg" alt="Titanic" title="Titanic" /></a><br /></li> <li><a href="http://www.titanic.com/modules/myalbum/photo.php?lid=2558&cid=1">SeaCity Museum, Southampton.</a> (2012/4/14)<br /> <a href="http://www.titanic.com/modules/myalbum/photo.php?lid=2558&cid=1"><img src="http://www.titanic.com/uploads/thumbs/2558.jpg" alt="SeaCity Museum, Southampton." title="SeaCity Museum, Southampton." /></a><br /></li> <li><a href="http://www.titanic.com/modules/myalbum/photo.php?lid=2557&cid=1">SeaCity Museum tour with J. Cracknell</a> (2012/4/14)<br /> <a href="http://www.titanic.com/modules/myalbum/photo.php?lid=2557&cid=1"><img src="http://www.titanic.com/uploads/thumbs/2557.jpg" alt="SeaCity Museum tour with J. Cracknell" title="SeaCity Museum tour with J. Cracknell" /></a><br /></li> <li><a href="http://www.titanic.com/modules/myalbum/photo.php?lid=2555&cid=9">Ford S2000 A. Fisher at Titanic Quarter Rally</a> (2012/4/13)<br /> <a href="http://www.titanic.com/modules/myalbum/photo.php?lid=2555&cid=9"><img src="http://www.titanic.com/uploads/thumbs/2555.jpg" alt="Ford S2000 A. Fisher at Titanic Quarter Rally" title="Ford S2000 A. Fisher at Titanic Quarter Rally" /></a><br /></li> <li><a href="http://www.titanic.com/modules/myalbum/photo.php?lid=2549&cid=22">Titanic</a> (2012/4/2)<br /> <a href="http://www.titanic.com/modules/myalbum/photo.php?lid=2549&cid=22"><img src="http://www.titanic.com/uploads/thumbs/2549.jpg" alt="Titanic" title="Titanic" /></a><br /></li> <li><a href="http://www.titanic.com/modules/myalbum/photo.php?lid=2543&cid=9">Titanic Belfast Building Launch 31st March 2012</a> (2012/3/30)<br /> <a href="http://www.titanic.com/modules/myalbum/photo.php?lid=2543&cid=9"><img src="http://www.titanic.com/uploads/thumbs/2543.jpg" alt="Titanic Belfast Building Launch 31st March 2012" title="Titanic Belfast Building Launch 31st March 2012" /></a><br /></li> </ul></div> <img src="http://www.titanic.com/themes/7dana-jane/images/160.gif" width="1" height="1" />  <br /> <br /> </td> </tr> </table> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td background="http://www.titanic.com/themes/7dana-jane/images/back_line.jpg" class="line2"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td><div align="left"><img src="http://www.titanic.com/themes/7dana-jane/images/leftline.gif" border="0" /></div></td> <td><div align="right"><img src="http://www.titanic.com/themes/7dana-jane/images/rightline.gif" border="0" /></div></td> </tr> </table></td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <table width="790" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" class="dole"> <tr> <td><div class="privatnost"> Copyright © 2006-2012 Titanic.com<br> <a href="/">Home</a>&nbsp<a href="/modules/myalbum/">Photos</a>&nbsp<a href="/modules/articles/article.php?id=48">Advertise</a>&nbsp<a href="/modules/articles/article.php?id=20">Link to us</a>&nbsp<a href="https://www.jpflowerart.nl/">Flower Box</a> <br> </div></td> <td> </td> </tr> </table>  <tr> </tr> <br> </body> </html>

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 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(2012/4/13) * [Time-Lapse photography of The Titanic Light Show](http://www.titanic.com/modules/news/article.php?storyid=3096) (2012/4/13) * [6 April 2012 Circuit of Ireland Rally Results Track 1 Titanic Quarter 1.9km](http://www.titanic.com/modules/news/article.php?storyid=3094) (2012/4/8) * [The wreck of the Titanic now protected by UNESCO](http://www.titanic.com/modules/news/article.php?storyid=3093) (2012/4/7) * [Live stream of the Titanic Ligth show on Titanic.com NI2012.com and VisitBritai...](http://www.titanic.com/modules/news/article.php?storyid=3092) (2012/3/30) * [6-7 April Rally: Titanic Super Special Stage organised by Donnelly group](http://www.titanic.com/modules/news/article.php?storyid=3091) (2012/3/27) * [The rarest 1st class Titanic menu up for auction on her 100th Anniversary](http://www.titanic.com/modules/news/article.php?storyid=3090) (2012/3/20) * [Titanic Purse sold for 13,000 $ USD](http://www.titanic.com/modules/news/article.php?storyid=3088) (2010/6/5) | | | | --- | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Latest Published Articles | | | --- | | [Titanic Quarter GeoEye satellite imagery](http://www.titanic.com/modules/articles/article.php?id=64) [2012-05-16 01:11:12] Satellite imagery of the Titanic Quarter area and surrounding Belfast Barb... | | [Titanic faith: Put god first - Titan published in 1898](http://www.titanic.com/modules/articles/article.php?id=63) [2012-05-10 00:48:58] In 1898, 13.5 years before the Titanic made her maiden voyage, M. Robertso... | | [Titanic II built in China: will it last or fade.](http://www.titanic.com/modules/articles/article.php?id=61) [2012-05-05 16:54:59] Australian billionaire Clive Palmer has confirmed that he is to build a re... | | [Donate to Titanic.com the community site](http://www.titanic.com/modules/articles/article.php?id=60) [2012-05-01 20:56:27] At Titanic.com we have worked very hard to provide a place where people ca... | | [Atlantic ships sharing Titanic's misfortune allong the Northern Ice Route By Ian Jackson](http://www.titanic.com/modules/articles/article.php?id=59) [2012-04-29 21:30:48] The bitter winds of an Atlantic spring embraced the ship as she cut throug... | | [How to Survive the Titanic or The Sinking of J. Bruce Ismay - Memoir from Author Frances Wilson](http://www.titanic.com/modules/articles/article.php?id=58) [2012-04-09 18:20:20] I have been fascinated by the Titanic since, as a child, I saw the film... | | [Stress on Titanic's Speed](http://www.titanic.com/modules/articles/article.php?id=56) [2012-03-16 15:30:48] London, May 3-The Attorney General, Rufus Isaacs, addressed the Wreck com... | | [Pop Houses from Conny, The Netherlands.](http://www.titanic.com/modules/articles/article.php?id=49) [2007-08-28 00:38:22] [quote]The Titanic in which Leonardo DiCaprio and Kate Winslet play the he... | | [Advertise on Titanic.com](http://www.titanic.com/modules/articles/article.php?id=48) [2007-05-11 21:49:17] [b]Advertise on Titanic.com[/b] Are you looking to advertise your servi... | | [Using the Titanic to Teach Archimedes Principle](http://www.titanic.com/modules/articles/article.php?id=44) [2006-12-21 01:51:47] By Peter J. Yonko One line in a scene from the movie Titanic was the ... | | [Titanic attraction: Belfast](http://www.titanic.com/modules/articles/article.php?id=42) [2006-10-28 15:08:51] Belfast is now a modern city with extensive transport possibilities: 2 a... | | [Scientific Abstract on the Deterioration of Titanic](http://www.titanic.com/modules/articles/article.php?id=40) [2005-09-20 01:17:24] The Titanic is proving to be a literal treasure-trove for scientific study... | | [Archimedes Principle lesson from Titanic](http://www.titanic.com/modules/articles/article.php?id=39) [2005-08-01 11:31:03] The lecturer "Peter J. Yonko" from Newark said in his lesson that [quo... | | [Roots of qm2 goes back to Titanic's great heritage](http://www.titanic.com/modules/articles/article.php?id=37) [2005-02-20 21:00:17] Now, on this website you will note much debate about Titanic. In the histo... | | [1/250 titanic model part 1](http://www.titanic.com/modules/articles/article.php?id=34) [2005-02-19 00:25:12] I started contruction of this 1/250 scale model of titanic on the 29th dec... | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Recent Discussions | Forum | Topic | Replies | Views | Last Post | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | [Titanic TV 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<html> <head> <title>Xena: Warrior Princess - Welcome Page</title> <style type="text/css">  </style> </head> <body text="#001040" link="#0000D0" vlink="0000B0" background="images/beigepaper.gif"> <table width=165 border=0 align=left background="images/wall.gif" cellspacing=0> <tr> <td><center><img src="images/official-logo.gif" alt="Xena Warrior Princess"></center></td></tr> <tr> <td> <table border=1><tr><td> <h2 align=center><font color="#B0FFB0">Introduction</font></h2> <font color="#FFFF00" size=2 face="arial,helv,helvetica"><b> Xena: Warrior Princess is a syndicated sword and sorcery TV series from Renassiance Pictures, distributed by MCA/Universal. The central premise revolves around the journeys of a powerful female warrior, Xena, trying to make amends for her evil past by fighting for the oppressed, and her travelling companion, Gabrielle, who seeks adventure as inspiration for her writings. </b></font> <p> <font color="#FFFF00" size=2 face="arial,helv,helvetica"><b> With it's unique combination of action, camp humour, and detailed portrait of the close friendship between the two main characters, it has found a wide and varied audience which has taken it to the top of the US syndicated TV ratings and in over 60 other countries around the world.</font></b> <p> <font color="#FFFF00" size=2 face="arial,helv,helvetica"><b> The series is filmed in the North Island of New Zealand and started out as a spin-off from Hercules: The Legendary Journeys.</font></b><p> </tr> </table> </tr> <tr> <td> <font color="#EEEEEE" size=1>This is a not for profit fan produced site. No copyright infringement is intended. Xena: Warrior Princess is a trademark of MCA Universal Inc.</font><br> </tr> </table> <br> <center> <img src="images/mini-outside.gif"> <br> Xena (Lucy Lawless) and Gabrielle (Renee O'Connor) </center> <hr> <h2 align=center>What's Here</h2> Web Site Author's Note: Once again I've come back with only time to do updates to the information and not to bring in the new look and feel. Still all episdes are now in the index and some basic info on the final season has been added. I've also updated the Michael Hurst interview (commentaries only) with extra information I got from a conversation with Xena video editor, Robert Field <br> <table> <tr> <td valign=top> <a href="newsetc.html"> <img src="/logos/blueball.gif" border=0> </a> <td> <a href="newsetc.html"> <font face="arial,helv,helvetica">Interviews, News, Quizes, Rumours</font></a> - A collection of interesting bits and pieces now including trailers and including Parts <a href="MichaelHurstPt1.html">One</a> (<a href="MichaelHurstPt1.html">on directing Xena</a>) and <a href="MichaelHurstPt2.html">Two</a> (<a href="MichaelHurstPt2.html">on Amazon High and production techniques</a>) of our interview with Xena director Michael Hurst! </tr> <tr> <td valign=top> <a href="episodes.html"> <img src="/logos/blueball.gif" border=0> </a> <td> <a href="episodes.html"> <font face="arial,helv,helvetica">The Episodes</font></a> - this includes a <a href="episodes.html">full episode list</a>, detailed episode synopses by grouped by season (<a href="seasonOne.html">first</a>, <a href="seasonTwo.html">second</a>, <a href="seasonThree.html">third</a>, <a href="seasonFour.html">fourth</a>, <a href="seasonFive.html">fifth</a> and <a href="htljxover.html">HTLJ crossovers</a>) and for some episodes detailed <a href="edl.html">running time & cast</a> information. <img src="/logos/new.gif" align=top> <font face="arial,helv,helvetica" size=3 color="#B00000"> UPDATED: now all episode titles, production codes and airing dates. <img src="/logos/new.gif" align=top> </tr> <tr> <td valign=top> <a href="characters.html"> <img src="/logos/blueball.gif" border=0> </a> <td> <font face="arial,helv,helvetica"><a href="characters.html">The Characters</a></font> - this includes biographies for the main characters <a href="xena.html">Xena</a> and <a href="gabrielle.html">Gabrielle</a>, and profile and appearance details for some of the main <a href="recurring.html">recurring characters</a> plus an <a href="atoz.html">A to Z of characters</a>. </tr> <tr> <td valign=top> <a href="locations.html"> <img src="/logos/blueball.gif" border=0> </a> <td> <a href="locations.html"> <font face="arial,helv,helvetica">Behind The Scenes</font></a> - Photos of and where to find the spectacular locations in and around Auckland, New Zealand where the series is filmed. </tr> <tr> <td valign=top> <a href="videocd.html"> <img src="/logos/blueball.gif" border=0> </a> <td> <a href="videocd.html"> <font face="arial,helv,helvetica">Videos, CDs & Books</font></a> - A list to help you find the Videos on <a href="trilogy.html">VHS</a> and <a href="dvd.html">DVD</a>, <a href="cds.html">CDs</a> and <a href="books.html">Books</a> that are available in connection with the series. </tr> <tr> <td valign=top> <a href="othersites.html"> <img src="/logos/blueball.gif" border=0> </a> <td> <a href="othersites.html"> <font face="arial,helv,helvetica">Other Web Sites</a></font> - A strictly best of the best list of the other permanent Xena web sites out there - does not include personal sites, only collaborative efforts and Webrings. </tr> </table> <br clear=all> <center>Please use your nearest mirror site:</center> <br> <table border=1 bgcolor="#A00000" align=center> <tr> <td align=center width=50%><a href="http://www.vidiot.com/Contrib/Xena/" target="_top"><font face="arial,helv,helvetica" color="#E0E000" size="+1">North America</font></a> </tr> <tr> <td align=center width=50%><a href="http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Contrib/Xena/" target="_top"><font face="arial,helv,helvetica" color="#E0E000" size="+1">Europe</font></a> </tr> </table> <p> <hr> <center> <address>Bevis King <B.King@ee.surrey.ac.uk></address> <address>Created: 19th February 1998. Updated: 6th August 2001</address> </body> </html>

Xena: Warrior Princess - Welcome Page  | | | --- | | Xena Warrior Princess | | | | | --- | | Introduction **Xena: Warrior Princess is a syndicated sword and sorcery TV series from Renassiance Pictures, distributed by MCA/Universal. The central premise revolves around the journeys of a powerful female warrior, Xena, trying to make amends for her evil past by fighting for the oppressed, and her travelling companion, Gabrielle, who seeks adventure as inspiration for her writings.** **With it's unique combination of action, camp humour, and detailed portrait of the close friendship between the two main characters, it has found a wide and varied audience which has taken it to the top of the US syndicated TV ratings and in over 60 other countries around the world.** **The series is filmed in the North Island of New Zealand and started out as a spin-off from Hercules: The Legendary Journeys.** | | | This is a not for profit fan produced site. No copyright infringement is intended. Xena: Warrior Princess is a trademark of MCA Universal Inc. | ![](images/mini-outside.gif) Xena (Lucy Lawless) and Gabrielle (Renee O'Connor) --- ## What's Here Web Site Author's Note: Once again I've come back with only time to do updates to the information and not to bring in the new look and feel. Still all episdes are now in the index and some basic info on the final season has been added. I've also updated the Michael Hurst interview (commentaries only) with extra information I got from a conversation with Xena video editor, Robert Field | | | | --- | --- | | [Interviews, News, Quizes, Rumours](newsetc.html) - A collection of interesting bits and pieces now including trailers and including Parts [One](MichaelHurstPt1.html) ([on directing Xena](MichaelHurstPt1.html)) and [Two](MichaelHurstPt2.html) ([on Amazon High and production techniques](MichaelHurstPt2.html)) of our interview with Xena director Michael Hurst! | | | [The Episodes](episodes.html) - this includes a [full episode list](episodes.html), detailed episode synopses by grouped by season ([first](seasonOne.html), [second](seasonTwo.html), [third](seasonThree.html), [fourth](seasonFour.html), [fifth](seasonFive.html) and [HTLJ crossovers](htljxover.html)) and for some episodes detailed [running time & cast](edl.html) information. UPDATED: now all episode titles, production codes and airing dates. | | | [The Characters](characters.html) - this includes biographies for the main characters [Xena](xena.html) and [Gabrielle](gabrielle.html), and profile and appearance details for some of the main [recurring characters](recurring.html) plus an [A to Z of characters](atoz.html). | | | [Behind The Scenes](locations.html) - Photos of and where to find the spectacular locations in and around Auckland, New Zealand where the series is filmed. | | | [Videos, CDs & Books](videocd.html) - A list to help you find the Videos on [VHS](trilogy.html) and [DVD](dvd.html), [CDs](cds.html) and [Books](books.html) that are available in connection with the series. | | | [Other Web Sites](othersites.html) - A strictly best of the best list of the other permanent Xena web sites out there - does not include personal sites, only collaborative efforts and Webrings. | | Please use your nearest mirror site: | | | --- | | [North America](http://www.vidiot.com/Contrib/Xena/) | | [Europe](http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Contrib/Xena/) | --- Bevis King <B.King@ee.surrey.ac.uk> Created: 19th February 1998. Updated: 6th August 2001

http://www.vidiot.com/Contrib/Xena/welcome.html

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https://philosopherswheel.com/vierne.htm

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<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <TITLE>The Maitreyan Order Of Hsien Tao</TITLE> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /> <meta name="keywords" content="Holism,Alchemy,Magic,Mead,Honey Wine,Angels,Tantra,Holistic,Philosophy,UFO,Apocalypse,Metaphysics,Magic,Kaballah,Egyptology,Tantra Yoga,Tree Of Life,Maitreya,Tao" /> <style> body { color: #fff; } img { max-width: 100%; } </style> </head> <BODY bgcolor="210707" background="./background.gif" link="00ffff" vlink="e6e6fa"> <div align="center"> <H1>HOLISTIC ESSAYS On Line Archive:</H1> <H3>Come & Visit: <A href="./kids.html">THE KIDS' CORNER!</A>   |   <A href="./recipes">Browse Recipes!</A></h3> <H3>View the full <A href="./archive.html">DIRECTORY of our Archives</A></h3> <HR> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="center" valign="top" width="75%"> <H3>Current Features</H3> <A href="./manual.html">"HAPPY BUDDHA'S Holistic Counseling MANUAL"</A> <H3>Our On-Line HOLISTIC ADVISOR and Guide to Body-Mind-Spirit Integration; for personal and professional reference.</H3> <HR width="50%"> <A href="./thou.html">"WESTWARD-SINGING BIRD"</A> <H3>Our ON-LINE EDITION of 'Tao Te Ching' by Lao Tzu, and 'I Ching' The Book Of Change; THE CLASSICS OF ANCIENT CHINA.</H3> </td> </tr> </table> <HR> <P>Or, <a href="#main">scroll-down</a> the page for a full overview of our activities. THANK YOU!</P> <IMG SRC="./alembic.jpg" ALT="Alembic & Sphinxes"> <H1>The SPIRIT-ALEMBIC Of</H1> <H2>The Maitreyan Order Of Hsien Tao</H2> <H3>A non-religious Mystical-Science New Age Order</H3> <H2>ALEMBIC (n.)</H2> <H3>The vessel or reaction-chamber of Alchemy where elemental transformations occur.</H3> <H4>And, YES; THERE ARE STILL ALCHEMISTS in the world! The only physical substance we transmute is Honey Into Mead, but we also transmute human ignorance (our OWN included!,) into workable KNOWLEDGE. That is called 'Spiritual Alchemy' and THAT is our 'real' business in life.</H4> <HR width="40%"> <a name="main"></a><blockquote></blockquote> <H3>This Lodge holds a Seat on the Council of</H3> <H1><A href="./wizards.html">"The Wizards Grove"</A></H1> <HR width="40%"> <P>CLICK ON the following for details about our: <H3><A href="./mead.html">MEAD</A> <BR><A href="./tao.html">TAO</A> <BR><A href="./magic.html">MAGIC</A> <BR><A href="./tantra.html">TANTRA</A> <BR><A href="./alchemy.html">ALCHEMY</A> <BR><A href="./kaballah.html">KABALLAH</A> <BR><A href="./community.html">PERSONAL REALITIES</A> <BR><A href="./astrology.php">ASTROLOGY</A> <BR><A href="./activities.php">ACTIVITIES</A> <BR><A href="./maitra.html">LIFESTYLE</A> <BR><A href="./archive.html">ARCHIVES</A> <BR><A href="./manual.html">HOLISM</A> <BR><A href="./publications.html">BOOKS</A></H3> <HR width="50%"> <a href="/spirit-21"><img src="/spirit21.gif" border=0 alt="Spirit-21"></a><br> <HR width="50%"> <a href="body.html"><font Size="+1">About The Author</font></a> <br><B>Contact Us: <A href="mailto:olwe@spirit-alembic.com">olwe@spirit-alembic.com</A></b> <br><br> <HR width="20%"> <FORM method="GET" action="http://www.google.com/search"> <INPUT TYPE=text name="q" size="33" maxlength="255" value=""> <INPUT type="submit" name=sa VALUE="Google Search"> <input type="hidden" name="domains" value="spirit-alembic.com"><br> <input type="radio" name="sitesearch" value="spirit-alembic.com" checked> Search Spirit-Alembic <input type="radio" name="sitesearch" value=""> Search entire Web</FORM> </div></BODY></HTML>

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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN"> <HTML><HEAD> <title>What's Happened to the All the Websites?</title> <META NAME="What's Happened to the All the Websites?"> <META CONTENT="What's Happened to the All the Websites?"></HEAD> <BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0000FF" VLINK="#0066FF" ALINK="#0000FF"> <P> <BR> <center><p style="font-size:20px"/>What's Happened to the All the Websites?</p> <P> <BR> <IMG SRC="computerweb.gif"></center> <P> July, 2003 <P> Years ago, I stated that the Internet will increase with millions of websites and <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-book">e-books</a> as everyone who has something to say, or sell, will find it a good venue. That is how it all began, and I began in August 1995 with the premiere issue of Crystalinks. <P> Now more than ever before, humans need to express their inner emotional selves. What better place than cyberspace. Some were guided to write books about their lives and put them online. Others, not as talented or dedicated, created websites to work through emotional issues about their personal pain and suffering. Some of the websites contained poetry and articles in which the writer overcame issues, thus hoping to guide others heal. <P> Many of the personal website that dealt with issues and a catharsis of soul, were taken down as people could not maintain them, could not afford to keep them running, or for other personal reasons and dramas. The internet is evolving as are our souls and the frequency in which we experience and 'see' life. <P> Websites enlighten and entertain on many levels. We learn by observing. We experience vicariously. We put the pieces of our personal puzzles together by reading the internet and discovering the world. <P> As few things survive in this reality, unless transformed, most of the websites, especially those by students, were destined to come down. Crystalinks has always remained a Work in Progress to this very day. <P> Websites created by news services, big corporations, and industries have been renovated to reflect changing times and technologies. No longer is dial-up the fashion. It's all high speed and instant connection. What has also changed is that people no longer want to read. You must catch their attention quickly and go from there. From My Space to Google with its growing facets, the industry is moving from words on paper to audio and video and far more exciting things each year. <P> In the computer world we find the rise and fall of the IT industry, with outsourcing to foreign countries, but the industry will return, revamped. Web designers lost jobs as easy-to-work programs allowed people to create their own websites. In 1995, when it all began for me, someone wanted to change me $1 every time he created a hyperlink for Crystalinks. It motivated me to learn html myself. <P> Sex and gambling have remained popular online activities along with virtual reality games, a mirror of our reality. The internet is here to stay, evolving with human consciousness and technologies. <P> <BR> <P> <BR> <center><script type="text/javascript" src="//platform-api.sharethis.com/js/sharethis.js#property=58e3cc81b190100012ded912&product=inline-share-buttons"></script> <div class="sharethis-inline-share-buttons"></div></center> <P> <BR> <P> <BR> <center><A HREF="archives2003.html">ELLIE'S ARCHIVES 2003</A> <P> <BR> <A HREF="elliesarchives.html">ELLIE'S ARCHIVES</A> <P> <BR> <A HREF="elliesworld.html">ELLIE'S WORLD BLOG</A> <P> <BR> <P> <BR> <A HREF="directory.html">ALPHABETICAL INDEX</A> <P> <BR> <A HREF="index.html">CRYSTALINKS HOME PAGE</A> <P> <BR> <A HREF="reading.html">PSYCHIC READING WITH ELLIE</a> <P> <BR> <A HREF="sabook.html">BOOK: THE ALCHEMY OF TIME</A> <P> <BR> <A HREF="donation.html">DONATION TO CRYSTALINKS</a> <P> <BR> <A HREF="advertise_crystalinks.html">ADVERTISE ON CRYSTALINKS</A> <P> <BR> <P> <BR> <center><form action="https://www.google.com/cse" id="cse-search-box" target="_blank"> <div> <input type="hidden" name="cx" value="partner-pub-0405918776181157:nyci3t5s84j" /> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="ISO-8859-1" /> <input type="text" name="q" size="50" /> <input type="submit" name="sa" value="Search Crystalinks" /> </div></form><script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.google.com/coop/cse/brand?form=cse-search-box&lang=en"></script></center> <P> <BR> <P> <BR> <script type="text/javascript"> var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www."); =document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> try { var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-7775239-1");pageTracker._trackPageview();} catch(err) {}</script> </body></html>

What's Happened to the All the Websites? What's Happened to the All the Websites? ![](computerweb.gif) July, 2003 Years ago, I stated that the Internet will increase with millions of websites and [e-books](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-book) as everyone who has something to say, or sell, will find it a good venue. That is how it all began, and I began in August 1995 with the premiere issue of Crystalinks. Now more than ever before, humans need to express their inner emotional selves. What better place than cyberspace. Some were guided to write books about their lives and put them online. Others, not as talented or dedicated, created websites to work through emotional issues about their personal pain and suffering. Some of the websites contained poetry and articles in which the writer overcame issues, thus hoping to guide others heal. Many of the personal website that dealt with issues and a catharsis of soul, were taken down as people could not maintain them, could not afford to keep them running, or for other personal reasons and dramas. The internet is evolving as are our souls and the frequency in which we experience and 'see' life. Websites enlighten and entertain on many levels. We learn by observing. We experience vicariously. We put the pieces of our personal puzzles together by reading the internet and discovering the world. As few things survive in this reality, unless transformed, most of the websites, especially those by students, were destined to come down. Crystalinks has always remained a Work in Progress to this very day. Websites created by news services, big corporations, and industries have been renovated to reflect changing times and technologies. No longer is dial-up the fashion. It's all high speed and instant connection. What has also changed is that people no longer want to read. You must catch their attention quickly and go from there. From My Space to Google with its growing facets, the industry is moving from words on paper to audio and video and far more exciting things each year. In the computer world we find the rise and fall of the IT industry, with outsourcing to foreign countries, but the industry will return, revamped. Web designers lost jobs as easy-to-work programs allowed people to create their own websites. In 1995, when it all began for me, someone wanted to change me $1 every time he created a hyperlink for Crystalinks. It motivated me to learn html myself. Sex and gambling have remained popular online activities along with virtual reality games, a mirror of our reality. The internet is here to stay, evolving with human consciousness and technologies. [ELLIE'S ARCHIVES 2003](archives2003.html) [ELLIE'S ARCHIVES](elliesarchives.html) [ELLIE'S WORLD BLOG](elliesworld.html) [ALPHABETICAL INDEX](directory.html) [CRYSTALINKS HOME PAGE](index.html) [PSYCHIC READING WITH ELLIE](reading.html) [BOOK: THE ALCHEMY OF TIME](sabook.html) [DONATION TO CRYSTALINKS](donation.html) [ADVERTISE ON CRYSTALINKS](advertise_crystalinks.html) var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www."); =document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); try { var pageTracker = \_gat.\_getTracker("UA-7775239-1");pageTracker.\_trackPageview();} catch(err) {}

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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <meta name="GENERATOR" content="Adobe PageMill 3.0 Mac"> <title>Come Along, You Belong, Feel the Fizz...</title> </head> <body background="bg.JPG" bgcolor="#ffffff"> <p></p> <center><img src="title.GIF" naturalsizeflag="3" alt="Come Along, You Belong, Feel the Fizz..." align="bottom" height="28" width="538"><br> <img src="analysis.GIF" naturalsizeflag="3" alt="An analysis of the Internet Rescue Rangers fan community" align="bottom" height="24" width="487"></center> <br> <center>By <a href="../mail.html">Julie Bihn</a><br> <br> (A Sociology project for college, circa 2000) </center> <p></p> <p><img src="contents.GIF" naturalsizeflag="3" alt="Contents" align="bottom" height="34" width="141"><br> <a href="intro.html">Introduction</a> <br> <a href="history.html">History of Rescue Rangers and the online community</a> <br> <a href="board.html">Rescue Rangers Message Boards</a> <br> <a href="stats.html">Basic makeup of the Rescue Rangers online community/statistics</a><br> <a href="fandom.html">Expressions of fandom</a><br> <a href="whylike.html">Why Rangerphiles like the program</a>:<br> <font size="-1"><a href="chara.html">Characters</a></font><br> <font size="-1"><a href="cd.html">Chip and Dale</a></font><br> <font size="-1"><a href="gadget.html">Gadget fan</a></font><br> <font size="-1"><a href="romance.html">Romance</a></font><br> <font size="-1"><a href="escape.html">Escape</a></font><br> <a href="conclusion.html">Conclusion</a><br> <a href="credits.html">Credits/Sources</a></p> <p><a href="paper.html">The Paper</a> (last rough draft)</p> <p><a href="test.html">The Gadgetism Test</a> (not written by me, but good reading)</p> <p></p> <center><a href="../index.html">Home</a></center> </body> </html>

Come Along, You Belong, Feel the Fizz... ![Come Along, You Belong, Feel the Fizz...](title.GIF) ![An analysis of the Internet Rescue Rangers fan community](analysis.GIF) By [Julie Bihn](../mail.html) (A Sociology project for college, circa 2000) ![Contents](contents.GIF) [Introduction](intro.html) [History of Rescue Rangers and the online community](history.html) [Rescue Rangers Message Boards](board.html) [Basic makeup of the Rescue Rangers online community/statistics](stats.html) [Expressions of fandom](fandom.html) [Why Rangerphiles like the program](whylike.html): [Characters](chara.html) [Chip and Dale](cd.html) [Gadget fan](gadget.html) [Romance](romance.html) [Escape](escape.html) [Conclusion](conclusion.html) [Credits/Sources](credits.html) [The Paper](paper.html) (last rough draft) [The Gadgetism Test](test.html) (not written by me, but good reading) [Home](../index.html)

http://juliestudio.com/rangers/

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="pH4bHlcAnAbB5iiKJX0b693vhaZheci6dHQW2H6HmXk" /> <title>rat haus reality: exercising our intelligence with clarity & coherence</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="rhrStyle.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="rhr20yr-style.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="rhrpStyle.css" type="text/css" /> <style type="text/css"> html { -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; } .quote { line-height: 1.12; font-family: Times, sans-serif; text-indent: 0em; text-align: justify; } .ulinedub { border-width: 0.04em 0; padding: 0.17em 0 0em 0; border-style: solid; } .uline2 { border-width: 2px 0px 2px 0px; padding: 2px 0px 2px 0px; border-style: solid; } .oline2 { border-width: 0px 0px 1px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1px 0px; border-style: solid; } .seven { margin-bottom:7px; } .five { margin-bottom:5px; } .noLinkVisual A:link {text-decoration: none; color: black;} .noLinkVisual A:visited {text-decoration: none; color: black;} .noLinkVisual A:active {text-decoration: none; color: black;} .noLinkVisual A:hover {text-decoration: none; color: black;} .LinkVisBlu A:link {text-decoration: none; color: #0000cc;} .LinkVisBlu A:visited {text-decoration: none; color: #0000cc;} .LinkVisBlu A:active {text-decoration: none; color: #0000cc;} .LinkVisBlu A:hover {text-decoration: none; color: red;} </style> </head> <body style="background:#ffffee">  <div style="line-height:20%">   </div> <div style="text-align:center;margin:0 0 0.5em;"> <a href="https://journal.ratical.earth"> <img alt="" title="Welcome to a signpost supporting the human project's creative evolutionary adaptation into our post-industrial epoch" width="500" height="194" src="ratical-earth-journal.jpg" border="0" /></a> </div> <table width="560" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td bgcolor="#55ffee"> <div align="center" style="margin-top:0.25em;"> <span style="font-family:times;font-size:20.0pt;line-height:100%;letter-spacing:0.5px"> Welcome to the Front Door of </span> <span class="LinkVisBlu" style="font-family:arial;font-size:17.0pt;line-height:120%;letter-spacing:0.5px"> <a href="rat_haus.html">ratical.org</a> </span> </div> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:80%">   </div>  <a id="AHG"></a> <table width="600" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary=""> <tr> <td bgcolor="white"> <div class="ctr noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:2.0em;font-weight:bold;line-height:100%;margin:0.3em 0 0.15em;"> <a href="PandemicParallaxView/AntidoteToHubrisOfGreed.html"> Antidote to the Hubris of Greed While Living Under Domination</a> </div> <div class="ctr noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:1.1em;line-height:110%;"> <a href="PandemicParallaxView/AntidoteToHubrisOfGreed.html"> Seeing the Maximum Security Establishment Denial System</a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:verdana;font-size:0.7em;text-align:center;line-height:110%;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em;"> <a href="PandemicParallaxView/AntidoteToHubrisOfGreed.html"> David T. Ratcliffe, <i>rat haus reality press</i>, 23 Sep 2023 </a> </div> <div class="ctr noLinkVisual"> <a href="PandemicParallaxView/AntidoteToHubrisOfGreed.html"> <img alt="" width="500" src="PandemicParallaxView/TRUTH-det.jpg" border="0" /></a> </div> <div style="font-family:arial;font-size:0.80em;text-align:justify;line-height:120%;margin: 0.2em 1.3em 0.8em;"> Inaugurated in <a href="index1995.html">1995</a> on the September Equinox, today rat haus reality, ratical branch completes its 28th circle ’round the Sun. Gearing up to enter the 29th year inspired composing this <span style="font-family arial narrow;font-size:0.94em;font-weight:bold;">Antidote</span>, an accounting of censored and suppressed truths far too many people have witnessed and gone through since 2020. Tuning in to genuine, trustworthy reporting on and intelligent analysis of the state of our world <i>is possible</i> and is being produced by legions of souls operating in their respective divine capacities as independent agents and government watchdogs honoring and serving Life’s needs on Mother Earth. The souls highlighted in this accounting are celebrated for their dedication of bearing witness to and following the polestar of historical truth as it emits a light and illuminates the way we can all likewise be guided by. And in doing so, we can join in the sacred work of supporting the exquisite eons of life exploring itself on our Mother Earth for the seventh generation yet unborn and beyond. </div> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:80%">   </div>  <a id="HPI"></a> <table width="600" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary=""> <tr> <td bgcolor="white"> <div style="text-align:center;margin:0.4em 0 0.0em;"> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:1.4em;font-weight:bold;line-height:100%;margin:0.2em 0 0.07em;"> <a href="PandemicParallaxView/PT-HumanityProjects-INDEX.html">Phinance Technologies </a></div> <a href="PandemicParallaxView/PT-HumanityProjects-INDEX.html"> <img alt="" width="560" height="668" src="PandemicParallaxView/PT-HPI-Nov2023.jpg" border="0" /></a> </div> </div> <div style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:0.80em;text-align:justify;line-height:120%;margin: 0 1.0em 0.8em;"> This is an on-going INDEX of the <a href="PandemicParallaxView/PT-HumanityProjects-INDEX.html#HPI">Humanity Projects</a> being developed at <a href="PandemicParallaxView/PT-HumanityProjects-INDEX.html#PT">Phinance Technologies</a>. Founded in 2022 by <a href="PandemicParallaxView/PT-HumanityProjects-INDEX.html#YN">Yuri Nunes</a> (Physics PhD), <a href="PandemicParallaxView/PT-HumanityProjects-INDEX.html#CA">Carlos Alegria</a> (Physics and Finance PhDs), and former Blackrock fund manager and author <a href="PandemicParallaxView/PT-HumanityProjects-INDEX.html#ED">Edward Dowd</a>, the resource includes sweeping multi-level data sets and their ongoing analyses and publication. </div> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:80%">   </div>  <a id="MRG"></a> <table width="600" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary=""> <tr> <td bgcolor="white"> <div style="text-align:center;margin:0.4em 0 0.5em;"> <div class="ctr noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:1.4em;font-weight:bold;line-height:100%;margin:0.2em 0 0.07em;"> <a href="ratville/JFK/MsgToRumsfeldsGhost-KnownKnowns.html"> A Message to Donald Rumsfeld’s Ghost <br /> About My Known Knowns </a> </div> <div style="font-size:1.1em;line-height:125%;margin:0 0 0.2em;"> by Edward J. Curtin, Jr., 9 Oct 2023 </div> </div> <div style="margin:0.1em 1.0em;"> <div style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:0.80em;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;line-height:140%;"> <a href="ratville/JFK/MsgToRumsfeldsGhost-KnownKnowns.html"> <img alt="" width="100%" src="ratville/JFK/RummysGhost-ECsKnownKnowns.jpg" border="1" /></a> <br /> <a href="https://www.fourdiedtrying.com/">Four Died Trying</a> Surrounded By a Rogue’s Gallery of US Warfare State Front Men </div> <div style="height:0.2em;"></div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:0.80em;text-align:justify;line-height:115%;margin:0 1.0em 1.0em;"> <a href="ratville/JFK/MsgToRumsfeldsGhost-KnownKnowns.html"> “[I]it has been very obvious for a very long time that the evidence for United States’ crimes of all sorts has been available to anyone who wished to face the truth. It does not take great expertise, just an eye for the obvious and the willingness to do a little homework.... Donald Rumsfeld, as a key long time insider to U.S. deep state operations, was surely aware of my list of known knowns. He was just one of many such slick talkers involved in demonic U.S. operations that have always been justified, denied, or kept secret by him and his ilk. One does not have to be a criminologist to realize these things.... Despite double-talkers like [Rumsfeld], evidence of decades of U.S. propaganda is easy to see through if one is compelled by the will-to-truth.” </a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:0.80em;text-align:justify;line-height:125%;"> <div style="height:0.2em;"></div> Consider how, it makes not the slightest difference whether Obama, Trump or covid occupy the Oval Office. Things only move in one direction. </div> </div> <div style="text-align:center;"> <a href="https://twitter.com/AECDKB/status/1702984223433400406"> <img alt="" width="586" height="530" src="USfinanaces063021.jpg" border="0" /> </a> <a href="https://usdebtclock.org"> <img alt="" width="586" height="339" src="USDebtClock-120923.jpg" border="0" /></a> </div> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:80%">   </div>  <a id="USGC"></a> <table width="600" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary=""> <tr> <td bgcolor="white"> <div class="ctr noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;line-height:125%;margin:0.3em 0 0.15em;"> <a href="PandemicParallaxView/MEMOsenRJUSGcrime-122222.html"> <span style="font-size:1.0em;font-weight:bold;"> MEMO to Senator Ron Johnson </span> <br /> <span style="font-size:1.2em;font-weight:bold;"> RE: Evidence of Covid-19 Regulatory Failures, <br /> Criminal Wrongdoing and Attempts to Avoid Liability <br /> by Senior Executive Service Officials <br /> in Multiple Federal Agencies </span> <br /> <span style="font-family:verdana;font-size:0.80em;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em;"> Sasha Latypova and Katherine Watt, <i>Due Diligence and Art</i>, 7 Sep 2023 </span> </a> </div> <div class="ctr noLinkVisual"> <a href="PandemicParallaxView/MEMOsenRJUSGcrime-122222.html"> <img alt="" width="480" height="270" src="PandemicParallaxView/VRBPACp12-102220.jpg" border="0" /></a> </div> <div style="font-family:arial;font-size:0.80em;text-align:justify;line-height:120%;margin: 0.2em 1.3em 0.8em;"> Over the past several years, Sasha Latypova and Katherine Watt have been combining their respective professional skills—<a href="https://sashalatypova.substack.com/p/be-not-afraid">ex-pharmaceutical R&D industry executive and entrepreneur</a> and <a href="https://bailiwicknews.substack.com/about">paralegal with research and writing focus on structural analysis of really big lies</a> respectively—to uncover what has occurred regarding what are accurately defined as <a href="PandemicParallaxView/MEMOtoSenRJohnson-References+Exhibits/Executive%20Summaries%20of%20Exhibits/DOD%20BARDA%20OTA%20Contracts.pdf"><span style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:1.10em;font-weight:bold;">demonstration Department of Defense Covid-19 Countermeasures</span></a>. Latypova, Watt and others attended a 13 Dec 2022 zoom call with Senator Ron Johnson (R-WI) scheduled by his staff. The memo and its <a href="PandemicParallaxView/MEMOtoSenRJohnson-Refs+Exhibits.html"><span style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:1.10em;font-weight:bold;">775 MB of Countermeasures Evidence References and Exhibits</span></a> is based on publicly available sources and document in exhaustive detail how: <div style="margin:0.5em 1.7em;"> Americans were misled about all Covid-19 “countermeasures,” including those products marketed as “vaccines.” Covid policy was managed by the National Security Council (NSC) acting on war footing and countermeasures were contracted for by the Department of Defense (DoD) and Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) without <em><b>any</b></em> effective regulatory oversight at any stage along the process. The activities passing as “regulatory processes” appear to have been fraudulent attempts to create color of law and avoid liability for what were clearly criminal acts. These multiple overlapping and mutually reinforcing violations of federal law have imposed serious harms on the American people, including severe injury and death. </div> </div> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:100%">   </div>  <table bgcolor="#FFFFFF" width="440" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="middle" align="right" width="243"> <span style="font-family:Times, san serif;font-size:18"> welcome to        <br /> <a href="rat_haus.html">rat haus reality</a>      </span> </td> <td width="93" height="70" align="center"> <a href="rat_haus.html"><img alt="rat haus reality" width="113" height="107" src="images/rathaus2.gif" border="1" /></a> </td> <td valign="middle" align="left" width="243"> <span style="font-family:Times,sans serif;font-size:18">      <a href="rat_haus.html">enter the site</a> </span> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:80%">   </div>  <a id="ION"></a> <table width="600" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary=""> <tr> <td bgcolor="white"> <div style="text-align:center;margin:0.4em 0 0.2em;"> <div class="ctr noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:2.4em;font-weight:bold;line-height:100%;margin:0.3em 0 0em;"> <a href="ratville/JFK/InOurName-MoralConscience.html"> In Our Name: </a> </div> <div class="ctr noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:1.9em;font-weight:bold;line-height:100%;margin:0.1em 0 0.17em;"> <a href="ratville/JFK/InOurName-MoralConscience.html"> On Exercising Moral Conscience </a> </div> <div class="ctr noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:1.4em;line-height:110%;margin:0 0 0.00em;"> <a href="ratville/JFK/InOurName-MoralConscience.html"> Given US Cluster Munitions to Ukraine </a> </div> <div style="text-align:right;margin:0 0.8em 0 0.9em;"> <a href="ratville/JFK/InOurName-MoralConscience.html"> <img alt="" width="190" height="149" src="ratville/JFK/M190HonestJohnClusterBomb.jpg" border="0" alt="" title="Demonstration cluster bomb, where bomblets are visible: M190 Honest John chemical warhead section containing demonstration M134 GB (Sarin) bomblets." style="float:right; border-width:0px; border-style:solid; margin-left:16px" /></a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:0.80em;text-align:justify;line-height:120%;margin: 0.1em 3%;"> <a href="ratville/JFK/InOurName-MoralConscience.html"> The unmitigated evil being carried out IN OUR NAME manifests unbridled malevolence. The justification for the latest unconscionable Jaws-of-Hell-Weapons-to-Ukraine decision and promotion by executive branch, military, intelligence-media, congressional, academia, think-tank talking head “experts” is one more cravenly lethal “policy” laying bare the moral corruption of, in Steven Newcomb’s words, this Empire Domination Model of Christian Discovery. Life-affirming moral conscience is required to pierce the fog of thingism, identify and recognize the life-negating agendas being sold as necessary, and exercise our birthright intelligence to liberate consciousness and protect and defend <i><b><u>ALL</u></b></i> Life exploring itself on Mother Earth. <br /> </a> </div> <div class="ctr noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:2.3em;font-weight:bold;line-height:110%;margin:0.1em 0 0.10em;"> <a href="ratville/JFK/2023-07-Laos-UXOsRev.html"> A Most Evil Weapon;<br /> A Most Heinous Crime </a> </div> <div style="text-align:right;margin:0 0.9em 0 1.1em;"> <a href="ratville/JFK/2023-07-Laos-UXOsRev.html"> <img alt="" title="Bomblets from a cluster bomb, Visitor Centre Bombie Display Cooperative Orthotic and Prosthetic Enterprise (COPE), Vientiane, Laos" width="200" height="" src="ratville/JFK/COPEvisitorCtr-BombieDisplay.jpg" border="1" style="float:left; border-width:0px; border-style:solid; margin-right:16px" /></a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:0.80em;text-align:justify;line-height:120%;margin: 0.1em 3%;"> <a href="ratville/JFK/2023-07-Laos-UXOsRev.html"> <b>Tom Greco</b>: A heinous war crime is about to be committed by a country that purports to be the champion of democracy and human rights. Yes, the US is preparing to send cluster bombs to Ukraine for use in the war against Russia. Do you know the kinds of injuries these weapons cause, that they often fail to explode until much later when innocent civilians accidentally set them off, and that these weapons have been banned by the Geneva Convention signed by 123 countries, but NOT by the US? <br /> <b>Mike Boddington</b>: This is an interim edition: a bonus, if you will. It is brought about as a result of hearing the news that the USA is to send cluster munitions to Ukraine, in order to continue the support of NATO and the west for that country in its battle against Russia. If this happens it will be the most evil and heinous crime. It will be the act of people who have no care or concern for the lives and welfare of others. By way of response, I am reproducing here an article that I wrote in 2021 entitled ‘An Experience in Your Life’ and which has had limited circulation, but has not aired in this medium. It offers a scenario of a regular, everyday person in SE Asia encountering an unexploded device – here referred to as a cluster sub-munition or bombie. </a> </div> </div> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:100%">   </div>  <a id="RVKPBs"></a> <table width="600" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary=""> <tr> <td bgcolor="white"> <div style="text-align:center;margin:0.4em 0 0.2em;"> <div class="ctr noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:1.9em;font-weight:bold;line-height:100%;margin:0.3em 0 0.17em;"> <a href="https://hiddenhistorycenter.org/end-the-domination-system-revoke-the-papal-bulls/"> Ending the Domination System </a> </div> <div class="ctr noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:2.3em;font-weight:bold;line-height:120%;margin:0 0 0.00em;"> <a href="https://hiddenhistorycenter.org/end-the-domination-system-revoke-the-papal-bulls/"> REVOKE The PAPAL BULLS </a> </div> <a href="https://hiddenhistorycenter.org/end-the-domination-system-revoke-the-papal-bulls/"> <img alt="" width="570" height="428" src="many_worlds/StevenNewcomb/TourGroupInCapitolRotunda-2012.jpg" border="0" /></a> </div> <div class="ctr noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:1.0em;line-height:120%;margin:0 0 0;"> <a href="https://hiddenhistorycenter.org/end-the-domination-system-revoke-the-papal-bulls/"> In response to the Papul Bulls issued <br /> 530 years ago today and tomorrow (3 and 4 May 1493) </a> </div> <div style="height:0.3em;"></div> <div class="ctr noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:0.97em;line-height:120%;margin:0.0em 0 0.27em;"> <a href="https://hiddenhistorycenter.org/end-the-domination-system-revoke-the-papal-bulls/"> <b> A View-from-the-Shore Analysis of the <br /> Vatican’s 30 March 2023 Statement on the Doctrine of Discovery </b> </a> </div> <div class="ctr LinkVisBlu" style="font-family:arial;font-size:1.2em;font-weight:bold;line-height:100%;margin:0.0em 0 0.47em;"> <a href="many_worlds/StevenNewcomb/index.html"> by Steven Newcomb (Shawnee/Lenape) </a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:0.80em;text-align:justify;line-height:125%;margin: 0.0em 3% 1.1em 3%;"> <a href="https://hiddenhistorycenter.org/end-the-domination-system-revoke-the-papal-bulls/"> On 30 March 2022, the Vatican Dicastery for Culture and Education, and the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development, issued a “Joint Statement” on the “Doctrine of Discovery.” The Vatican stopped short of a revocation of the 4 May 1493 papal bull, issuing instead a “repudiation of the doctrine of discovery.” </a> <div style="margin:0.3em 2.5em;"> <a href="https://hiddenhistorycenter.org/end-the-domination-system-revoke-the-papal-bulls/"> The context begins with the free existence of our Native nations and peoples, extending back to the beginning of our time through our oral histories and traditions, <em>contrasted</em> with the system of domination that was carried by ship across the ocean and imposed on everyone and everything. From that starting point we end up with a non-Christian view-from-the-shore with our Ancestors looking out at the invading ships sailing from Western Christendom, and a view-from-the-ship perspective, with the colonizers moving toward our Ancestors with the intention of establishing the Christian empire’s system of domination where it did not yet exist. Below we discuss the recent Vatican Statement on the Doctrine of Discovery with a view-from-the-shore perspective, while realizing that the Vatican officials wrote their statement with a view-from-the-ship (church) perspective. </a> </div> Steven Newcomb has been researching and decoding the doctrine of Christian Discovery since the 1980s. Together with Birgil Kills Straight, a ceremonial leader of the Oglala Lakota Nation, the <a href="http://ili.nativeweb.org/"><u>Indigenous Law Institute</u></a> was founded in 1992 to begin a global campaign to revoke the <a href="https://ratical.org/many_worlds/StevenNewcomb/#IC05041493"><u>4 May 1493 papal bull, <em>Inter Caetera</em></u></a>, which Pope Alexander VI issued shortly after Columbus returned to Western Christendom from the Bahamas. </div> <hr size="1" width="80%" noshade /> <div class="ctr noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:1.8em;font-weight:bold;line-height:100%;margin:0.3em 0 0.17em;"> <a href="co-globalize/EndingDominationSystem.html">Ending the Doctrine of Domination</a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:0.80em;text-align:justify;line-height:125%;margin: 0.0em 3% 1.1em 3%;"> <a href="co-globalize/EndingDominationSystem.html">As we approach 4 July 2023, the challenge remains of understanding how so-called separation of church and state is not reflected in the foundations of U.S. law as well as government claims of sovereignty and title to the land comprising what is today called the United States. Steven Newcomb has been researching and analysing this contradiction since the late 1980s.</a> </div> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:100%">   </div>  <table bgcolor="#FFFFFF" width="440" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="middle" align="right" width="243"> <span style="font-family:Times, san serif;font-size:18"> welcome to        <br /> <a href="rat_haus.html">rat haus reality</a>      </span> </td> <td width="93" height="70" align="center"> <a href="rat_haus.html"><img alt="rat haus reality" width="113" height="107" src="images/rathaus2.gif" border="1" /></a> </td> <td valign="middle" align="left" width="243"> <span style="font-family:Times,sans serif;font-size:18">      <a href="rat_haus.html">enter the site</a> </span> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:80%">   </div>  <a id="SEP11PBM"></a> <table width="600" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary=""> <tr> <td bgcolor="white"> <div style="text-align:center;margin:0.4em 0 0.5em;"> <div class="ctr noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:2.7em;font-weight:bold;line-height:100%;margin:0.2em 0 0.07em;"> <a href="ratville/JFK/Sep11PentagonsBMovie/TitlePage.html"> The Pentagon’s B-Movie </a> </div> <div class="ctr noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:1.4em;line-height:120%;margin:0px 0 0.1.5em;"> <a href="ratville/JFK/Sep11PentagonsBMovie/TitlePage.html"> Looking Closely at the September 2001 Attacks <br /> by Graeme MacQueen </a> </div> <div class="ctr noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:0.9em;line-height:120%;margin:0.08em 0 0.5em;"> <a href="ratville/JFK/Sep11PentagonsBMovie/TitlePage.html"> complete eBook, <i>rat haus reality press</i>, 15 March 2023 </a> </div> <a href="ratville/JFK/Sep11PentagonsBMovie/index.html"> <img alt="" width="300" src="ratville/JFK/Sep11PentagonsBMovie/PentagonsBmovie-GMQ2023.jpg" border="0" /></a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:0.80em;text-align:justify;line-height:125%;margin: 0.0em 3% 1.1em 3%;"> <a href="ratville/JFK/Sep11PentagonsBMovie/TitlePage.html"> This eBook by Graeme MacQueen contains a collection of his articles and essays on the attacks of September 11, 2001, the subsequent anthrax attacks, and analyses of other false flag operations. They are profoundly important and shatter the official versions of those events. No one reading this book can come away from it not convinced that the U.S. government is a terrorist state. MacQueen’s conclusions are not based on rhetoric but on a deep empirical analyses, facts not propaganda. With this volume, Graeme MacQueen takes his place alongside David Ray Griffin as a prophet without honor in his own time. History will declare him a hero. To write the Book’s Introduction is a great honor, for my esteem for Graeme and his work is immense. </a> <div class="rit"> —<a href="https://edwardcurtin.com">Edward Curtin</a> </div> </div> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:80%">   </div> <div class="ctr"> <a href="PandemicParallaxView/PPV-Details-HHC.html"> <img alt="" width="97%" src="PandemicParallaxView/PandemicParallaxViewHHC-2023.jpg" border="1" /></a> </div> <div style="line-height:80%">   </div>  <a id="NAING"></a> <table width="600" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary=""> <tr> <td bgcolor="white"> <div style="text-align:center;margin:0.4em 0 0.5em;"> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, sans serif;font-size:1.7em;font-weight:bold;line-height:110%;margin:0 0 0.17em;"> <a href="PandemicParallaxView/index.html#NAING"> Never Again Is Now Global </a> </div> <div style="font-family:verdana;font-size:0.88em;line-height:125%;"> A Five-Part Documentary Series by <a href="https://ahrp.org/board/vera-sharav/">Vera Sharav</a> <br /> <a href="https://ahrp.org/"><i>Alliance for Human Research Protection</i></a>, 30 Jan to 3 Feb 2023 </div> <div style="height:0.2em;"></div> <div style="font-family:arial;font-size:0.77em;text-align:center;line-height:110%;"> <a href="PandemicParallaxView/NAING-ToC.html"> <img alt="" width="570" height="297" src="PandemicParallaxView/NAING-2023.jpg" border="0" /></a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="margin:0.1em 0 0.0em;"> <a href="PandemicParallaxView/NAING-ToC.html"> <img alt="" width="568" height="27" src="PandemicParallaxView/NAING-transcripts.jpg" border="0" /></a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:0.80em;text-align:justify;line-height:125%;margin: 0.0em 3% 1.1em 3%;"> <a href="PandemicParallaxView/index.html#IFRtranscripts"> <dl> <span style="font-size:120%;"> <b>In Vera Sharav’s words:</b> </span> <dt> During these de-stabilizing three years, I have come to believe, like many other Holocaust survivors, that our survival was for a purpose. Our fear is that we may be the last witnesses who remember how: </dt> <div style="text-align:left;line-height:115%;"> <dd> * A highly educated society and its exemplary academic, scientific, and cultural institutions were perverted; </dd> <dd> * Moral norms and legal safeguards were discarded; </dd> <dd> * The fabric of society was torn apart as segments of the population were disqualified; </dd> <dd> * Decent people became agents of industrialized mass murder. </dd> </div> <div style="height:0.3em;"></div> The survivors and family members in this documentary share their knowledge, and their painful memories of the unprecedented industrial-scale human catastrophe. <div style="height:0.4em;"></div> We believe that the purpose of our survival is not only to remember; but to warn others about how fear and propaganda condition people to follow repressive – even murderous – government dictates. <div style="text-align:left;line-height:115%;"> <dd> * We know how the suspension of personal freedom, the suspension of civil rights, and the silencing of dissent, devolve into genocide. </dd> </div> <div style="height:0.4em;"></div> Current invocations of “depopulation solutions” are chilling and foreboding. <div style="text-align:left;line-height:115%;"> <dd> * Depopulation is invoked to solve supposed problems such as: “limited resources” and “global warming” and “climate change”; </dd> <dd> * An unprecedented mandatory vaccination campaign subjected hundreds of millions of people to an experimental, genetically manipulated injectable product; </dd> <dd> * The product’s safety and efficacy were untested; </dd> <dd> * Its ingredients are top secret; </dd> <dd> * And its promoters referred to this vaccine as the “Final Solution” to the pandemic. </dd> </div> <div style="height:0.4em;"></div> I interpret these ominous verbal references as veiled codes for another planned human catastrophe. That realization propelled me to embark on a project I had never engaged in before – a documentary with the intention to open people’s minds to the current, ominous, genocidal “solutions” that a band of global oligarchs have set in motion. <div style="height:0.4em;"></div> Another important objective of the documentary was to expose the false narrative that has (for decades) obscured the active participation of multinational corporations, global financiers, and family dynasties – who facilitated and profiteered from the genocidal Nazi regime and its slave labor force. <div style="height:0.4em;"></div> <b>Never Again is Now Global</b> is the only documentary dealing with the Holocaust directed by a Holocaust survivor. In addition to survivors, our documentary brings together testimonies of children and grandchildren of survivors and victims; German descendants of victims as well as a grandson of Nazi scientists. The participants who expressed their alarm about the current nefarious global operation include doctors, scientists, a Rabbi, and African American freedom fighters. </dl> </a> </div> </div> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:100%">   </div>  <table bgcolor="#FFFFFF" width="440" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="middle" align="right" width="243"> <span style="font-family:Times, san serif;font-size:18"> welcome to        <br /> <a href="rat_haus.html">rat haus reality</a>      </span> </td> <td width="93" height="70" align="center"> <a href="rat_haus.html"><img alt="rat haus reality" width="113" height="107" src="images/rathaus2.gif" border="1" /></a> </td> <td valign="middle" align="left" width="243"> <span style="font-family:Times,sans serif;font-size:18">      <a href="rat_haus.html">enter the site</a> </span> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:80%">   </div>  <a id="HWNAU"></a> <table width="600" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary=""> <tr> <td bgcolor="white"> <div style="text-align:center;margin:0.4em 0 0.5em;"> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, sans serif;font-size:1.7em;font-weight:bold;line-height:110%;margin:0 0 0.0em;"> <a href="PandemicParallaxView/History-Will-Not-Absolve-Us.html">History Will Not Absolve Us</a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:verdana;font-size:0.94em;line-height:100%;"> <a href="PandemicParallaxView/History-Will-Not-Absolve-Us.html"> Invoke The Bond With Your Creator<br /> and Be Liberated From The United States of Denial </a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:verdana;font-size:0.7em;line-height:110%;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em;"> <a href="PandemicParallaxView/History-Will-Not-Absolve-Us.html"> David T. Ratcliffe, <i>rat haus reality press</i>, 21 Dec 2022 </a> </div> <div style="font-family:arial;font-size:0.77em;text-align:center;line-height:110%;"> <a href="PandemicParallaxView/History-Will-Not-Absolve-Us.html"> <img alt="" width="570" height="409" src="PandemicParallaxView/NotOurFuture2-det.jpg" border="0" /></a> <br /> Bob Moran: <b> Not Our Future</b> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:0.857em;text-align:justify;line-height:125%;margin: 0.7em 3% 1.1em 3%;"> <a href="PandemicParallaxView/History-Will-Not-Absolve-Us.html"> The consequence of the Doctrine of Domination is the increasing-to-the-breaking-point concentration of financial wealth and exercise of control in fewer and fewer hands. The Domination System Original Free Peoples have been dealing with for over 500 years is now coming after the 99%. We are confronted with a global spiritual world war of unbridled dimensions, ever more treacherous given its purpose is cloaked in the false promise of biosecurity. Everyone’s birthright of free will, exercising one’s unique wisdom and intelligence, is in danger of being subjugated, captured, vanquished, and, as has already occurred for many people, being extinguished and killed. Every person on Mother Earth has extraordinary gifts and powers, gifted by one’s Creator, to meet the challenges our species collectively faces. Once the numbing mind-fog spell of fear is faced and understood, there are no limits to what can be imagined and acted upon to contribute to discovering unknown possibilities of manifesting life-affirming processes that meet the needs of all. </a> </div> </div> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="height:1.7em"></div>  <table width="600" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td bgcolor="white"> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:Arial;text-align:center;margin:0.4em 0 0.2em;"> <a href="many_worlds/StevenNewcomb/index.html"> <span style="font-size:1.4em;line-height:130%;margin-top:1.2m;"> <b> Steven T. Newcomb </b> </span> <br /> Shawnee-Lenape Scholar and Author </a> </div> <div style="font-family:arial;line-height:125%;"> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-size:0.80em;text-align:center;margin:0.2em;"> <a href="many_worlds/StevenNewcomb/index.html"> <b> “The words that we use, create and maintain the reality that we experience.” </b> </a> </div> <div style="font-family:arial;font-size:0.85em;text-align:justify;line-height:125%;margin: 0.3em 1.1em 1.1em 1.1em;"> <a href="many_worlds/StevenNewcomb/index.html">Steven Newcomb’s decades-long research</a> on the roots and contemporary patterns of the Domination System, are traced from 15th century Vatican papal documents, thru the 1823 US Supreme Court ruling, <a href="many_worlds/StevenNewcomb/index.html#JvMcI"><i>Johnson v McIntosh</i></a>, which incorporated those patterns into US property law, to the present day. <br /> In his 2008 book, <a href="many_worlds/StevenNewcomb/index.html#PitPL"><i>Pagans in the Promised Land: Decoding the Doctrine of Discovery</i></a> Newcomb demonstrates how US government officials have used religious concepts of Christendom, often unconsciously, to justify the taking of Native American lands and to deny the independence of Original Free Nations. Uncovering the way in which the conceptions of <a href="many_worlds/StevenNewcomb/PagansInThePromisedLand-040512.html#DoD">Doctrines of Domination</a> fit together, Newcomb describes what he terms a <a href="many_worlds/StevenNewcomb/PagansInThePromisedLand-040512.html#PDV">Protocol of Domination Vocabulary</a>. <div style="text-align:center;"> <a target="popup" onclick="window.open('https://odysee.com/@ratical.org:4/SteveNewcomb-TreatyConf-121521:5?r=6Taye1Re6jxwhj3cTTrKKJU53rH7Rv6Y&t=1547','name','width=540,height=400')"> <img alt="" width="440" height="316" src="many_worlds/StevenNewcomb/RadialCategoryOfDominationC.jpg" border="1" /></a> </div> A seed of the present day Domination System is the <a href="https://doctrineofdiscovery.org/dum-diversas/"><i>Dum Diversas</i> papal bull of 1452</a>, issued by Pope Nicholas V to King Alphonso of Portugal, which authorizes the King to “invade, capture, vanquish, and subdue all Saracens, pagans and other enemies of Christ ... to reduce their persons to perpetual slavery ... and to take away all their possessions and property and to convert their possessions and properties.” </div> </div> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:100%">   </div>  <table bgcolor="#FFFFFF" width="440" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="middle" align="right" width="243"> <span style="font-family:Times, san serif;font-size:18"> welcome to        <br /> <a href="rat_haus.html">rat haus reality</a>      </span> </td> <td width="93" height="70" align="center"> <a href="rat_haus.html"><img alt="rat haus reality" width="113" height="107" src="images/rathaus2.gif" border="1" /></a> </td> <td valign="middle" align="left" width="243"> <span style="font-family:Times,sans serif;font-size:18">      <a href="rat_haus.html">enter the site</a> </span> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:80%">   </div>  <table width="600" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" align="center"> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:Arial;text-align:center;margin:0.4em 0 0.2em;"> <a href="radiation/OpenLetterToOliverStoneOnN-power.html"> <span style="font-size:1.4em;font-weight:bold;line-height:130%;margin-top:1.2m;"> Open Letter to Oliver Stone <br /> On the Wisdom of Pursuing Nuclear Power </span> <br /> <span style="font-size:1.0em;line-height:115%;"> by David T. Ratcliffe, <i>rat haus reality press</i>, 8 Jul 2022 </span> </a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:0.8em;text-align:center;line-height:140%;margin:0.7em;"> <a href="radiation/OpenLetterToOliverStoneOnN-power.html"> <img alt="" width="400" height="242" src="radiation/OliverStoneABrightFuture1.jpg" border="0" /></a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:0.88em;text-align:justify;line-height:125%;margin: 0.3em 1.1em 1.1em 1.1em;"> <a href="radiation/OpenLetterToOliverStoneOnN-power.html"> In mid-May I heard Oliver Stone interviewed by Lex Fridman focusing on Ukraine. Near the beginning, for 12+ minutes, Oliver Stone talks about nuclear power and a new documentary he is finishing up. As he puts it, “nuclear energy is going to end the dominance of oil ... because it’s the only sane way for the world to proceed.” I was intrigued and concerned about Stone's reasoning for advocating nuclear power and decided to write an Open Letter to present a differing perspective on the risks and consequences of pursuing nuclear power as our species' primary energy source. My hope is to provoke how all of us think about the unlimited energy we are used to having at our finger tips and, as Richard Heinberg wrote in 2003, how “each [U.S.] American has the equivalent of over 150 ‘energy slaves’ working for us 24 hours each day. In energy terms, each middle-class American is living a lifestyle so lavish as to make nearly any sultan or potentate in history swoon with envy.” </a> </div> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="height:1.7em"></div>  <table width="600" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" align="center"> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:Arial;text-align:center;margin:0.4em 0 0.2em;"> <a href="ratville/JFK/MearsheimerUkraine.html"> <span style="font-size:1.4em;font-weight:bold;line-height:130%;margin-top:1.2m;"> John Mearsheimer <i>et al</i>: </span> <br /> <span style="font-size:1.25em;font-weight:bold;line-height:130%;"> Why The West’s Strategy in Ukraine Is So Dangerous </span> </a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:0.8em;text-align:center;line-height:140%;margin:0.7em;"> <a href="ratville/JFK/MearsheimerUkraine.html"> <img alt="" width="400" height="225" src="ratville/JFK/MearsheimerUkraine.jpg" /></a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:0.88em;text-align:justify;line-height:125%;margin: 0.3em 1.1em 1.1em 1.1em;"> <a href="ratville/JFK/MearsheimerUkraine.html"> While Western corporate/state press is engaged in an extremely dangerous propaganda narrative, the war in Ukraine is, in fact, a proxy war between the U.S. and Russia. Professor John Mearsheimer predicted this crisis in 2015. In April he said the war in Ukraine is “the most dangerous crisis since the Second World War” and is “more dangerous that the [1962] Cuban crisis”. Mearsheimer’s analysis is: given that both Russia and the U.S. are determined to “win” this war, the risk of nuclear escalation rises to unthinkable levels when two nuclear powers decide losing is not an option. </a> </div> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="height:1.7em"></div>  <table width="600" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" align="center"> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:Arial;text-align:center;margin:0.4em 0 0.2em;"> <span style="font-size:1.4em;font-weight:bold;line-height:130%;margin-top:1.2m;"> <a href="ratville/JFK/EdgeOfNuclearAbyss.html"> On The Edge of a Nuclear Abyss </a> </span> <br /> <a href="ratville/JFK/EdgeOfNuclearAbyss.html"> by Edward Curtin, 10 March 2022 </a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:0.8em;text-align:center;line-height:140%;margin:0.7em;"> <a href="ratville/JFK/EdgeOfNuclearAbyss.html"> <img alt="" title="WHICH ONE’s GRAVE? End of Warfare or End of Civilization? Chicago Tribune, 12 August 1945" width="580" height="326" src="ratville/JFK/NuclearAbyss.jpg" /></a> <br /> <a href="ratville/JFK/EdgeOfNuclearAbyss.html"> WHICH ONE’S GRAVE? <br /> End of Warfare or End of Civilization? <br /> <i>Chicago Tribune</i>, 12 August 1945 </a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:1.1em;text-align:justify;line-height:125%;margin: 0.3em 1.1em 1.1em 1.1em;"> <a href="ratville/JFK/EdgeOfNuclearAbyss.html"> It is very hard to accept that the leaders of your own country commit and contemplate unspeakable evil deeds and that they wish to control your mind. To contemplate that they might once again use nuclear weapons is unspeakable but necessary if we are to prevent it. Beware, we are on the edge of a nuclear abyss. </a> </div> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:100%">   </div>  <table bgcolor="#FFFFFF" width="440" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="middle" align="right" width="243"> <span style="font-family:Times, san serif;font-size:18"> welcome to        <br /> <a href="rat_haus.html">rat haus reality</a>      </span> </td> <td width="93" height="70" align="center"> <a href="rat_haus.html"><img alt="rat haus reality" width="113" height="107" src="images/rathaus2.gif" border="1" /></a> </td> <td valign="middle" align="left" width="243"> <span style="font-family:Times,sans serif;font-size:18">      <a href="rat_haus.html">enter the site</a> </span> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:80%">   </div>  <a id="PPV"></a> <table width="600" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary=""> <tr> <td bgcolor="white"> <div style="text-align:center;margin:0.4em 0 0.5em;"> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, sans serif;font-size:1.4em;font-weight:bold;line-height:110%;"> <a href="PandemicParallaxView/index.html">Pandemic Parallax View</a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:verdana;font-size:0.7em;line-height:120%;"> <a href="PandemicParallaxView/index.html">parallax [<i>par</i>-uh-laks] <i>noun</i>: the apparent displacement <br /> of an observed object due to a change in the position of the observer</a> </div> </div> <div style="font-size:0.7em;text-align:center;line-height:80%;"> <a href="PandemicParallaxView/index.html"> <img alt="" width="550" height="350" src="PandemicParallaxView/PPV-upsideDownWorldz.jpg" border="0" /></a> <br /> <a href="https://youtu.be/vVX-PrBRtTY">Gall-Peters Projection of Mother Earth</a> </div> <div style="font-family:arial;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;line-height:110%;margin:0.5em 0.7em 0.7em;"> <span class="uline11"> Highlights </span> </div> <div style="font-size:0.92em;text-align:center;line-height:110%;margin:0.7em 0 0.5em;"> <span style="font-family:arial;font-weight:bold;"><a href="PandemicParallaxView/index.html#PonP-E27">“The Psychiatry of COVID-19” - A Conversation with Dr. Emanuel Garcia</a></span><br />Episode 27: Perspectives on the Pandemic, 6 Jul 2022 </div> <div class="LinkVisBlu" style="font-family:arial;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;line-height:125%;margin:0.2em 0 0.0em;"> <span style="font-size:1.0em;"> Mark Crispin Miller: </span> <br /> <span style="font-size:1.2em;"> <a href="PandemicParallaxView/InMemoryOfAllWhoHaveDiedSuddenly.html">In Memory of Those Who Have “Died Suddenly”</a> </span> </div> <div style="font-size:0.98em;text-align:center;line-height:110%;margin:0.6em 0 0;"> <span style="font-family:arial;font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://www.icandecide.org/ican_press/cdc-admits-once-and-for-all-it-has-no-basis-for-its-claim-that-covid-19-vaccines-do-not-cause-variants/">CDC Admits Once and for All It Has No Basis for Its Claim <br />That COVID-19 Vaccines Do Not Cause Variants</a></span><br /> Informed Consent Action Network (ICAN), 20 Jun 2022 </div> <div style="font-size:1.2em;text-align:center;line-height:110%;margin:0.4em 0 0;"> <span style="font-family:arial;font-weight:bold;font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="PandemicParallaxView/index.html#GRPU">Great Reset Playbook: Ukraine</a></span> </div> <div style="font-size:0.92em;text-align:center;line-height:110%;margin:0.7em 0 0;"> <span style="font-family:arial;font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://dennisriches.wordpress.com/2021/12/29/with-every-mistake-we-must-surely-be-learning/">With every mistake, we must surely be learning</a></span><br />Dennis Riches, <i>Lit By Imagination</i>, 29 Dec 2021 </div> <div style="font-size:0.92em;text-align:center;line-height:110%;margin:0.7em 0 0;"> <span style="font-family:arial;font-weight:bold;"><a href="PandemicParallaxView/GrandJury-CourtOfPublicOpinion.html">International Grand Jury Proceeding<br />The Peoples’ Court of Public Opinion</a></span> <br />Convened 5 Feb 2022 </div> <div style="font-size:0.92em;text-align:center;line-height:110%;margin:0.7em 0 0;"> <span style="font-family:arial;font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://archive.fo/2022.01.16-162106/https://arkmedic.substack.com/p/how-to-blast-your-way-to-the-truth#selection-261.0-261.15">How to BLAST your way to the truth about the origins of COVID-19</a></span> <br /> <span style="font-size:0.84em;text-align:center;line-height:110%;"> Using BLAST is easy. I’m going to show you how easy and how to prove that SARS-Cov-2 is man-made </span> <br />Dr Ah Kahn Syed, 28 Dec 2021 </div> <div style="font-size:0.92em;text-align:center;line-height:110%;margin:0.7em 0 0;"> <span style="font-family:arial;font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://rwmalonemd.substack.com/p/what-if-the-largest-experiment-on">What if the largest experiment on human beings in history is a failure?</a></span> <br /> A report from an Indiana life insurance company raises serious concerns. <br />Robert Malone, MD, MS, 2 Jan 2022 </div> <div style="font-size:0.92em;text-align:center;line-height:110%;margin:0.7em 0 0;"> <span style="font-family:arial;font-weight:bold;"><a href="PandemicParallaxView/AustralianEldersJubullum.html">Australian Elders Jubullum Message to All Peoples:<br /> Your DNA Is Sacred</a></span>, 17 Oct 2021 </div> <div style="font-size:0.92em;text-align:center;line-height:110%;margin:0.7em 0 0;"> <a href="PandemicParallaxView/Conscience-and-The-Nuremberg-Code.html"><span style="font-family:arial;font-weight:bold;">Conscience and The Nuremberg Code</span><br />Informed Consent, Censorship, and Inalienable Rights</a><br /> David Ratcliffe, <i>rat haus reality press</i>, 19 Oct 2021 </div> <div style="text-align:center;line-height:110%;margin:0.5em 0 0;"> <span style="font-size:0.88em;">ongoing compilation:</span> <br /> <a href="PandemicParallaxView/Lawsuits-C19-False-Claims.html"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:1.2em;font-weight:bold;font-variant:small-caps;"> Lawsuits Challenging Covid-19 False Claims </span></a> </div> <div style="font-size:0.92em;text-align:center;line-height:110%;margin:0.7em 0 0;"> <a href="https://childrenshealthdefense.org/defender/mary-holland-chd-bidens-war-against-unvaccinated/"><span style="font-family:arial;font-weight:bold;">Children’s Health Defense Responds to Biden’s <br />‘Declaration of War Against Unvaccinated’</span></a> </div> <div style="font-size:0.84em;text-align:center;line-height:110%;"> <i>In a “deeply disturbing” speech last week, President Biden exhorted medical coercion <br />of an experimental gene therapy for a virus with a 99% survival rate for a large portion of the population, and for which no one bears financial liability in cases where injuries or deaths occur.</i> </div> <div style="font-size:0.92em;text-align:center;line-height:110%;"> Mary Holland, President & General Counsel, <i>Children’s Health Defense</i>, 13 Sep 2021 </div> <div style="font-size:0.92em;text-align:center;line-height:110%;margin:0.7em 0 0;"> <span style="font-family:arial;font-weight:bold;"><a href="PandemicParallaxView/JustusRHope-IVMrepsHumanRights.html">Justus R Hope MD: Ivermectin Represents Human Rights</a></span> </div> <div style="font-size:0.92em;text-align:center;line-height:110%;margin:0.7em 0 0;"> <a href="PandemicParallaxView/IvermectinChallenge4RachelMaddow.html"><span style="font-family:arial;font-weight:bold;">Open Letter and Challenge for Rachel Maddow <br /> Ivermectin: Truth or Consequences</span></a><br /> Diane Perlman, 2 Sep 2021 </div> <div style="font-size:0.92em;text-align:center;line-height:110%;margin:0.7em 0 0;"> <a href="PandemicParallaxView/GSCSP-CallForImmedIntervention.html"><span style="font-family:arial;font-weight:bold;">Gold Standard Covid Science in Practice </br /> An Interdisciplinary Symposium Calling for Immediate Intervention</span></a> <br /> Organized by Doctors for Covid Ethics, Hosted by <i>UK Column</i>, 29-30 July </div> <div style="font-size:0.92em;text-align:center;line-height:110%;margin:0.7em 0 0;"> <a href="https://experimentalfrontiers.scienceblog.com/2021/06/29/how-real-science-became-fake-news/"><span style="font-family:arial;font-weight:bold;">How Real Science became Fake News</span></a><br /> <span style="font-size:0.9em;"><i>Thirty years ago, the man who taught me quantum mechanics at Harvard wrote that the suppression of debate will be the ‘death of science’. Perhaps he saw the shape of things to come.</i></span> <br /> Josh Mitteldorf, <i>Experimental Frontiers</i>, 29 Jun 2021 </div> <div style="font-size:0.92em;text-align:center;line-height:110%;margin:0.7em 0 0;"> <a href="http://edwardcurtin.com/what-i-know-and-dont-know-about-sars-cov-2-virus/"><span style="font-family:arial;font-weight:bold;">What I Know and Don’t Know about SARS-Cov-2 Virus</span></a><br /> Edward Curtin, <i>Behind the Curtain</i>, 19 June 2021 </div> <div style="font-size:0.92em;text-align:center;line-height:110%;margin:0.7em 0 0;"> <a href="PandemicParallaxView/Lawsuits-C19-False-Claims.html#AL-IBA"><span style="font-family:arial;font-weight:bold;">Indian Bar Association Serves Legal Notice on WHO’s Chief Scientist for <br /> Ivermectin Disinformation and Suppression of Evidence in India</span></a>, 9 Jun 2021 </div> <div style="font-size:0.92em;text-align:center;line-height:110%;margin:0.7em 0 0;"> <span style="font-family:arial;font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://www.greenmedinfo.com/blog/systematically-flawed-mortality-statistics-should-not-be-guiding-science-medicine1">Systematically Flawed Mortality Statistics <br />Should Not Be Guiding Science, Medicine or Public Policy</a></span><br /> <span style="font-family:arial;">An Evidence Based Postion Presented By A Former Death Certificate Clerk</span> <br /> Joy Fritz, <i>GreenMedinfo</i>, 20 Apr 2021 </div> <div style="font-size:0.92em;text-align:center;line-height:110%;margin:0.7em 0 0;"> <a href="PandemicParallaxView/DataDisaster-SfHF.html"><span style="font-family:arial;font-weight:bold;">Data Disaster: A Call for an Investigation <br />Into the CDC’s Conduct During Covid-19</span></a> <br /> Stand for Health Freedom Panel, 17 Feb 2021 </div> <div style="font-size:0.92em;text-align:center;line-height:110%;margin:0.7em 0 0;"> <a href="PandemicParallaxView/CAF-MrGlobal.html"><span style="font-family:arial;font-weight:bold;">Catherine Austin Fitts: Mr Global’s Bid for Economic Totalitarianism <br />and Transhumanism – IF We Allow It</span></a> <br /> <i>Planet Lockdown Film</i> Interview, mid August 2020 </div> <div style="font-size:0.92em;text-align:center;line-height:110%;margin:0.7em 0 0;"> <a href="PandemicParallaxView/AlisonMcDowell-4thIndustrialRev.html"><span style="font-family:arial;font-weight:bold;">The Fourth Industrial Revolution and <br />the Global Technocratic Takeover with Alison McDowell</span></a> <br /> Jason Bosch Interview, 17 May 2020 </div> <div style="font-size:0.92em;text-align:center;line-height:110%;margin:0.3em 1.2em 0.4em;"> “<b>Lockdown only pushes the severe cases into the future – it will not prevent them</b>” <div style="text-align:right;"> —<a href="PandemicParallaxView/index.html#LD-JG">Prof. Johan Giesecke</a> </div> </div> </td> </tr> </table> <div style="line-height:80%">   </div>  <table width="600" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary=""> <tr> <td bgcolor="white"> <div style="text-align:center;margin:0.4em 0 0;"> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-size:1.4em;font-weight:bold;"> <a href="Collapsologie/index.html"> Collapsologie Immersion </a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-size:1.2em;font-weight:bold;margin:0.1em 0 0;"> <a href="Collapsologie/index.html"> The End Is The Beginning </a> </div> <div style="font-size:1.7em;text-align:center;margin:0.05em 0 0em;"> <a href="Collapsologie/index.html"> <img alt="" width="540" height="440" src="Collapsologie/Collapsologie.png" border="0" /></a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:0.77em;line-height:20%;margin:0em 0 0.1em;"> <a href="Collapsologie/index.html"> late to the game and eager to learn: </a> </div> <span class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:Arial Narrow;font-size:1.0em;line-height:170%;"> <a href="Collapsologie/index.html"> Can we seed future successor-cultures in time? </a> </span> </div> <div style="font-size:0.8em;text-align:justify;line-height:110%;margin:0 0.7em 0.4em;"> Collapsologie is the study and elaboration of how industrial civilization as we know it collapses and if it does, what will replace it. Industrial civilization is the use of machinery powered by electricity or any form of energy to carry out various activities. Collapsologie is a neologism developed by Pablo Servigne and Raphaël Stevens in <a href="https://pabloservigne.com/comment-tout-peut-seffondrer/">their 2015 book</a>. In <a href="Collapsologie/MosaicOfCollapses.html">an interview</a>, recalling all the data and increasingly disturbing scientific alarms, the authors are calling for an end to denial: “we accept that disasters can occur: they are looming, we must look at them with courage, eyes wide open. To be a catastrophist is neither to be pessimistic nor optimistic, it is to be lucid.” </div> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:100%">   </div>  <table bgcolor="#FFFFFF" width="440" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="middle" align="right" width="243"> <span style="font-family:Times, san serif;font-size:18"> welcome to        <br /> <a href="rat_haus.html">rat haus reality</a>      </span> </td> <td width="93" height="70" align="center"> <a href="rat_haus.html"><img alt="rat haus reality" width="113" height="107" src="images/rathaus2.gif" border="1" /></a> </td> <td valign="middle" align="left" width="243"> <span style="font-family:Times,sans serif;font-size:18">      <a href="rat_haus.html">enter the site</a> </span> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:80%">   </div>  <table width="600" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary=""> <tr> <td bgcolor="white"> <div style="height:0.2em;"></div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-size:1.1em;text-align:center;font-weight:bold;line-height:125%;margin:0.5em 0 0;"> <a href="radiation/Chernobyl/index.html"> Chernobyl: Understanding Consequences of Playing With The Poison Fire </a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-size:0.8em;text-align:justify;line-height:110%;margin:0.4em 0.7em;"> <a href="radiation/Chernobyl/index.html"> In the Sept 1986 American Chemical Society Symposium on Low-Level Radiation, John W. Gofman, M.D., Ph.D., describing what was then, The Single Most Serious Industrial Accident Ever, stated: </a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-size:0.7em;text-align:justify;line-height:110%;margin:0.1em 1.5em;"> <a href="radiation/Chernobyl/index.html"> It is correct to say that a single event—the Chernobyl accident—has caused between 600,000 and a million cases of cancer and leukemia. The radio-cesiums are on the ground, and humans are committed to receive the doses from them. To the extent that a share of the dose has already been received, a share of the malignancies is already underway, even though they will not become manifest, clinically, for years.... We can predict with high confidence that an honest study of the proposed population sample will simply confirm—but decades from now—the magnitude of radiation production of cancer, a magnitude we know quite well prior to such a study.... The existing human evidence provides a solid basis for assessing the Chernobyl toll. The credible lower-limit of malignancies from the cesium fallout is approximately 640,000 cases, and a credible upper-limit is probably 1,600,000 malignancies. </a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-size:0.8em;text-align:justify;line-height:110%;margin:0.4em 0.7em;"> <a href="radiation/Chernobyl/index.html"> 23 years later, Dr. Gofman’s projections were borne out with the compendium release of <i>Chernobyl: Consequences of the Catastrophe for People and the Environment</i> (Annals of New York Academy of Sciences, Vol 1181, Dec 2009) which concluded 985,000 people died between 1986 and 2004 as a result of biosphere contamination of radioactive matter released from the detonation of Unit 4’s reactor core. The Chernobyl and Fukushima catastrophes have caused, are causing, and will continue to cause living and dying agony and nightmares for untold generations and millenia. The purpose of this archive of historically significant source materials is to assist younger people—and as many others as possible—in learning about our true history, how our world actually operates, and re-mind how we must collectively weigh the consequences of <i>every decision</i> our species makes, reflecting on and being informed by the vital numinous awareness that all Life is sacred, and that the needs of the future, of all life yet unborn, must guide every choice and decision made in the present. </a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="text-align:center;"> <a href="radiation/Chernobyl/index.html"> <img alt="" title="Child's drawing of death from Chernobyl spreading over the world" width="280" height="221" src="radiation/Chernobyl/RadiationDeathCloudMonster.jpg" border="0" /> <img alt="" title="Surface ground deposition of caesium-137 released in Europe after the Chernobyl accident" width="280" height="221" src="radiation/Chernobyl/CS137depostion1986detz.jpg" border="0" /> </a> </div> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:100%">   </div>  <table width="600" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary=""> <tr> <td bgcolor="white"> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:times;font-size:1.1em;text-align:center;line-height:125%;margin:0.3em 0 0;"> <b> 10 June 2019: 56 Years On & Inauguration of <a href="https://journal.ratical.earth">ratical earth journal</a> </b> </div> <table width="98%" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary=""> <tr> <td> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-size:0.8em;text-align:justify;line-height:110%;margin:0.4em 0.7em;"> <a href="radiation/NotMerelyPeaceForUS.html"> In our quest for a different vision and path for the U.S. and the world, it is critical to educate ourselves about a 12 month period from the fall of 1962 into the fall of ’63, when President John F. Kennedy was assassinated. Very few are aware of this year in U.S. history. During this period the U.S. took a fundamentally different approach to the ‘Cold War,’ nuclear weapons, nuclear war, and the conflict with what was then the Soviet Union. This was the result of a radical change in U.S. policy, because of the dramatic shift in President Kennedy’s thinking after he had endured the Cuban Missile Crisis. Speaking 56 years ago about U.S. relations with the Soviet Union in his American University Address, Kennedy’s insights are today ever more relevant regarding U.S.-Russia relations and the inescapable reality of our species’ oneness: </a> </div> </td> <td> <a href="radiation/NotMerelyPeaceForUS.html"> <img alt="" width="240" height="215" style="float:left; border-width:0px; border-style:solid; margin:0 0.4em 0 0.2em;" src="radiation/NotMerelyPeaceForUS-post.jpg" border="0" /></a> </td> </tr> </table> <table width="98%" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary=""> <tr> <td rowspan="2"> <div style="height:0.4em;"></div> <a href="https://journal.ratical.earth"> <img alt="" width="200" height="200" style="float:right; border-width:0px; border-style:solid; margin:0 0 0.7em 0.5em;" src="ratworld-500.jpg" border="0" /></a> </td> <td> <table align="center" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" border="0"> <tr> <td style="font-family:gill sans;font-size:0.84em;text-align:center;font-style:italic;"> <div class="noLinkVisual"> <a href="ratville/JFK/HWNAU/JFK061063.html"> “...in the final analysis, our most basic common link is that we all inhabit this small planet. We all breathe the same air. We all cherish our children’s futures. And we are all mortal.” </a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-size:0.84em;line-height:120%;margin:0.2em 0 0;"> <a href="ratville/JFK/HWNAU/JFK061063.html"> President John F. Kennedy     10 June 1963</a> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-size:0.8em;text-align:justify;line-height:110%;margin:0.4em 0.7em;"> <a href="https://journal.ratical.earth"> Today also marks the inauguration of <i>ratical earth journal</i> (<i>REJ</i>), chronicling key incoherence indicators of our life out of balance that calls for another way of living—including nuclear contamination of the biosphere and global overheat—requiring transformational adaption through our single human family’s collective creativity, imagination, intuition, and intelligence. In addition, focus celebrates exercising our intelligence with clarity and coherence. </a> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:100%">   </div>  <table width="600" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary=""> <tr> <td bgcolor="white"> <div style="text-align:center;"><div style="height:0.2em;"></div> <a href="ratville/JFK/DtoPviaXR.html"> <img alt="" width="500" height="148" src="ratville/JFK/images/DtoPviaXRa.jpg" border="0" /></a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:0.94em;text-align:center;line-height:125%;margin:0.0em 0 0;"> <a href="ratville/JFK/DtoPviaXR.html"> <span style="font-family:arial;font-size:0.88em;font-weight:bold;">breakdown</span> = Strange Fruit of <span style="font-family:arial black;font-weight:bold;">C</span>apitalism’s <span style="font-family:arial black;font-weight:bold;">I</span>nvisible <span style="font-family:arial;font-weight:bold;">A</span>rmy: A Heritage of Stone <br /> <span style="font-family:arial;font-weight:bold;">breakthru</span> = Shifting from Domination to Partnership via eXtinction Rebellion </a></div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-size:0.8em;text-align:justify;line-height:110%;margin:0.4em 0.7em;"> <a href="ratville/JFK/DtoPviaXR.html"> In concert with its creation of Capitalism’s Invisible Army, LAWCAP’s decision at the close of the 1940s to start World War III in order to keep capitalism in business resulted in our illegitimate corporate state both being wedded to denial of increasing global overheat, one of the vilest deceptions in history, and our unaccountable U.S. Intelligence Police operating beyond the strictures of law, as formal federal policy, by daily committing several hundred crimes including terrorism, assassination, torture, and systematic violations of human rights. A primary root of this mind-bending criminal government lawlessness is a direct result and outgrowth of the assassination of President Kennedy by key elements within our Intelligence Police. Our law-breaking, illegitimate government continues to exponentially expand its death operations via policies carried out by CIA and Pentagon-based funding. For our species to survive this evolutionary moment, it is imperative to accelerate the shift from this collapsing dominator system to one based on partnership. As co-creators of our own evolution, we can choose the alternative of break<i>through</i> rather than breakdown. </a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-size:0.8em;text-align:justify;line-height:110%;margin:0.4em 0.8em;"> <a href="ratville/JFK/DtoPviaXR.html"> Willful U.S. criminal inaction on the ecological crisis threatening Life Security throughout Mother Earth requires non-violent rebellion to change course away from the dead-end future of a mass extinction event while determining what options still exist to be acted upon in the face of this unfolding crisis era of ecological emergency we are by day sinking evermore deeply into. The requirement for this regenerative process of collective involvement in a truly democratic dynamic to determine best strategies to deal with and respond to the climate and ecological emergency becoming evermore dire can be a driver and catalyst for accelerating the shift from domination to partnership. </a> </div> <div align="center"> <a href="ratville/JFK/DtoPviaXR.html"> <img alt="" width="500" height="177" src="ratville/JFK/images/DtoPviaXRb.jpg" border="0" /></a> </div> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:100%">   </div>  <table bgcolor="#FFFFFF" width="440" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="middle" align="right" width="243"> <span style="font-family:Times, san serif;font-size:18"> welcome to        <br /> <a href="rat_haus.html">rat haus reality</a>      </span> </td> <td width="93" height="70" align="center"> <a href="rat_haus.html"><img alt="rat haus reality" width="113" height="107" src="images/rathaus2.gif" border="1" /></a> </td> <td valign="middle" align="left" width="243"> <span style="font-family:Times,sans serif;font-size:18">      <a href="rat_haus.html">enter the site</a> </span> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:80%">   </div>  <table width="600" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary=""> <tr> <td bgcolor="white"> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:century schoolbook;text-align:center;line-height:140%;margin:0.2em 0 0;"> <span style="font-size:1.2em;font-weight:bold;"> <a href="co-globalize/IndigenousWisdomGreatLaw.html"> Losing Earth? Realign with Original Free Peoples’ Great Law and Find Her Again </a> </span> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:century schoolbook;font-size:0.7em;text-align:center;line-height:100%;margin:0.0em 0 0.4em;"> <a href="co-globalize/IndigenousWisdomGreatLaw.html"> 18 November 2018 </a> </div> <div style="font-family:times;font-size:0.69em;line-height:110%;margin:0.0em 0.7em;"> <a href="http://www.urbanagricultureinitiative.com/oren_r_lyons"> <img alt="Oren Lyons" title="Oren Lyons" style="width:107px; height:161px; float:left; border-width:0px; border-style:solid; margin-right:0.7em;" src="co-globalize/OrenLyons-UAAIz.jpg" border="0" /></a> <a href="http://reddirtsite.com/"> <img alt="Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz" title="Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz" style="width:107px; height:161px; float:right; border-width:0px; border-style:solid; margin-left:0.7em;" src="co-globalize/RDO-AIPHoUS.jpg" border="0" /></a> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="text-align:left;"> <a href="co-globalize/IndigenousWisdomGreatLaw.html"> The law prevails, what we call the Great Law, the common law, the natural law. The law says if you poison your water, you’ll die. The law says that if you poison the air, you’ll suffer. The law says if you degrade where you live, you’ll suffer. The law says all of this. If you don’t learn that then you can only suffer. There’s no discussion with this law. </a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="text-align:left;margin:0 0 0.8em;"> <a href="co-globalize/IndigenousWisdomGreatLaw.html"> —Oren Lyons, Faithkeeper, Chief, Onondaga, 1991 </a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="text-align:right;"> <a href="co-globalize/IndigenousWisdomGreatLaw.html"> Indigenous peoples offer possibilities for life after empire, possibilities that neither erase the crimes of colonialism nor require the disappearance of the original peoples colonized under the guise of including them as individuals. </a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="text-align:right;margin:0 0 0.8em;"> <a href="co-globalize/IndigenousWisdomGreatLaw.html"> —Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz, 2014 </a> </div> <a href="http://ili.nativeweb.org/"> <img alt="Steven Newcomb" title="Steven Newcomb" style="width:107px; height:161px; float:left; border-width:0px; border-style:solid; margin:0.4em 0.7em 0 0;" src="co-globalize/StevenNewcomb.jpg" border="0" /></a> <a href="https://www.johntrudell.com/"> <img alt="John Trudell" title="John Trudell circa 2001" style="width:107px; height:161px; float:right; border-width:0px; border-style:solid; margin:0.4em 0 0 0.7em;" src="co-globalize/JT-circa2001z.jpg" border="0" /></a> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="text-align:left;"> <a href="co-globalize/IndigenousWisdomGreatLaw.html"> This work is about the liberation of our nations and peoples from the behavioral patterns and language system of domination. It is about restoration and healing for our nations and peoples based on our love of and spiritual connection to the land, our languages, our sacred and ceremonial places, and our original free and independent existence as nations extending back before a Western notion of time. </a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="text-align:left;margin:0 0 0.77em;"> <a href="co-globalize/IndigenousWisdomGreatLaw.html"> —Steven Newcomb, 2018 </a> </div> </div> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"> <tr> <td valign="top"> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-size:0.67em;text-align:left;"> <a href="co-globalize/IndigenousWisdomGreatLaw.html"> We are a part of the memories of evolution <br /> These memories carry knowledge <br /> These memories carry our identity <br /> Beneath race, gender, class, age <br /> Beneath citizen, business, state, religion <br /> We are human beings </a> </div> </td> <td>    </td> <td> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-size:0.67em;text-align:left;"> <a href="co-globalize/IndigenousWisdomGreatLaw.html"> And these memories <br /> Are trying to remind us <br /> Human beings, human beings <br /> It’s time to rise up <br /> Remember who we are </a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-size:0.7em;text-align:right;"> <a href="co-globalize/IndigenousWisdomGreatLaw.html"> —John Trudell, 2001 </a> </div> </td> </tr> </table> <hr width="50%" align="center" noshade size="1" /> <p class="noLinkVisual" style="font-size:0.8em;text-align:justify;line-height:110%;margin:0.7em 0.7em;"> <a href="co-globalize/IndigenousWisdomGreatLaw.html"> A fundamental blindspot in U.S. society revolves around the question: <i>Where did all this land we call the United States come from?</i>  The ongoing legacy of denial of how what is today called the United States came to be and how that has played out over 400-plus years into the 21st century postpones life -nurturing and -respecting timelines from manifesting. Extraordinary possibilities exist for life after empire, provided we as the inheritors of the Empire Domination Model of Christianity are willing to redeem the consequences of the past evermore becoming present. Genocide, dispossession, colonization, forms the core of U.S. history, the very source of the country’s existence. Will it be the future as well? The choice is ours. An analysis of the steadfast denial of the actual foundations and development of U.S. society and culture is explored here with regard to the catastrophic, accelerating changes to Earth’s climate reaching critical mass in recent decades. The way forward requires reestablishing adherence to the Great Law, of reawakening to the spiritual reality of Earth, of Life itself, and throughout the seasons conducting ceremonies of thanksgiving for the Life-giving energies Earth bestows upon all of Creation. </a> </p> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:100%">   </div>  <table width="600" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary=""> <tr> <td bgcolor="white"> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:century schoolbook;text-align:center;line-height:115%;margin:0.28em 0 0;"> <a href="co-globalize/ParadigmChg4MotherEarth.html"> <span style="font-size:1.2em;font-weight:bold;"> Toward a Paradigm Change for Mother Earth </span> <br /> <span style="font-size:0.84em;"> Understanding the Empire Domination Model of Christianity: A Way of Liberation </span> <br /> <span style="font-size:0.94em;"> Steven Newcomb Delivers Keynote on Original Free Nations and Peoples </span> </a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:times;text-align:center;line-height:115%;margin:0.0em 0 0;"> <a href="co-globalize/ParadigmChg4MotherEarth.html"> <span style="font-size:0.8em;"> Spotlight of Indigenous Peoples Plenary, 2015 Parliament of the World’s Religions, 19 Oct 2015 </span> </a> </div> <div align="center"> <a href="co-globalize/ParadigmChg4MotherEarth.html"> <img alt="Steven Newcomb at 2015 Parliament of World Religions" width="500" height="281" src="co-globalize/STN2015P0arliamentWR-500.jpg" border="0" /></a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-size:0.8em;text-align:justify;line-height:110%;margin:0.4em 0.7em;"> <a href="co-globalize/ParadigmChg4MotherEarth.html"> I want to acknowledge the ancestors who have loved the land through ceremonial conduct and prayers, based on their insight about the need for sacred relations with Mother Earth, with pristine Waters, and with Life in all its forms and manifestations. I want to acknowledge the original free and independent existence of our Nations and Peoples extending back to the beginning of time through our oral histories and our oral traditions. Yesterday I listened with interest to the plenary session on climate change. It occurred to me that working on climate change without working on Paradigm Change would be a grave mistake. We need a mental and behavioral shift away from the prevailing paradigm of domination, dehumanization, and greed, the symptoms of which are everywhere on planet Earth, our Mother. More than five centuries ago, various popes in Rome, on behalf of Christendom, unleashed the paradigm I’m talking about. It may surprise you to learn that the Empire Domination Model of Christianity was woven by jurists into the laws and policies of the United States, and into the laws and policies of many other countries, such as Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. That hidden code of Christian Empire has worked for more than five centuries toward the dissolution of our Original Nations and Peoples here on Great Turtle Island and Abya Yala to the south.... We invite you to walk with us on the Sacred Path, in honor of the first principle of our Original Nations: “Respect the Earth as our Mother and have a Sacred Regard for All Living Things.” End the domination. All Our Relations. Wanishi. </a> </div> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:100%">   </div>  <table width="600" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary=""> <tr> <td bgcolor="white"> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:century schoolbook;text-align:center;line-height:115%;margin:0.28em 0 0;"> <a href="many_worlds/6Nations/OrenLyons-IndigenousWorldView.html"> <span style="font-size:1.2em;font-weight:bold;"> Oren Lyons: On The Indigenous View of the World </span> </a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:times;text-align:center;line-height:115%;margin:0.0em 0 0;"> <a href="many_worlds/6Nations/OrenLyons-IndigenousWorldView.html"> <span style="font-size:0.8em;"> Interview conducted by Leila Conners for The 11th Hour Research Tapes (2006) </span> </a> </div> <div align="center"> <a href="many_worlds/6Nations/OrenLyons-IndigenousWorldView.html"> <img alt="Oren Lyons" width="500" height="288" src="many_worlds/6Nations/OrenLyons2006.jpg" border="0" /></a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-size:0.8em;text-align:justify;line-height:110%;margin:0.4em 0.7em;"> <a href="many_worlds/6Nations/OrenLyons-IndigenousWorldView.html"> We always said that we have been told and understand that we’re relatives. Where our white brother will talk about water and trees and animals and fish as resources we talk about them as relatives. That’s a whole different perspective. If you think that they’re relatives and you understand that then you’re going to treat them differently. </a> <hr align="center" noshade size="1" width="50%" /> <a href="many_worlds/6Nations/OrenLyons-IndigenousWorldView.html"> [The Peacemaker] said that this Tree of Peace is a spiritual law and represents a spiritual law and the spiritual law is the law of Nature. He told us explicitly, Never challenge this law because you cannot prevail. You will not prevail; wrap your laws, your rules, and your conduct. He said, You, the leaders, when you’re weak as a human being, he said, this tree will give your spine strength. Wrap yourself around this tree because it’s powerful. Do not challenge the laws of Nature because you cannot, you will not, prevail. </a> <hr align="center" noshade size="1" width="50%" /> <a href="many_worlds/6Nations/OrenLyons-IndigenousWorldView.html"> There’s a great imbalance of humanity on this Earth and the natural laws don’t abide that. Just the quality of life that comes from all the beings that are here, they’ll be denied our grandchildren. We’re destroying their well-being. We’re really destroying the efforts that they can put forward if they have the respect and knowledge. This style of talking and observation, they tell me, it’s not realistic in today’s times. I suppose not if you’re thinking in terms of Wall Street and you’re thinking in terms of power and authority. But in the long run it is absolutely the law. </a> <hr align="center" noshade size="1" width="50%" /> <a href="many_worlds/6Nations/OrenLyons-IndigenousWorldView.html"> Mother Earth has laws and rules and one of them is balance. She will keep the balance regardless. If an element is out of balance, like the population of human beings on this Earth, She will balance it. How She does that we may not like. Most likely it’ll come with disease and this will be very democratic. It will go across people’s lives. It will go across leaders. It will go across everything because really there’s no mercy in Nature. There’s only the law and the rule. I think that’s where we fail and we’re way, way away from that. </a> <hr align="center" noshade size="1" width="50%" /> <a href="many_worlds/6Nations/OrenLyons-IndigenousWorldView.html"> This world has to understand the importance of sharing. I know that in the structure of the United States it’s very contrary to that as people are not instructed to share. They’re instructed to gain. They’re instructed to hold to themselves. They’re instructed to gather unto themselves. And they’re rewarded for that. So you have an instruction that’s contrary, very contrary, to this whole concept, if indeed this is what you think is right. But this, I’m simply telling you what our instructions are. Operating under this, I’ve traveled to Indian Nations across North America and Central America. I’m invited to the ceremonies and I always know what’s going on. I may not understand the language and the dances may be different. But I know what is being said. It’s always the same: Thanksgiving to the Creation. Thanksgiving to the life-giving forces of the Earth. </a> </div> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:100%">   </div>  <table bgcolor="#FFFFFF" width="440" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="middle" align="right" width="243"> <span style="font-family:Times, san serif;font-size:18"> welcome to        <br /> <a href="rat_haus.html">rat haus reality</a>      </span> </td> <td width="93" height="70" align="center"> <a href="rat_haus.html"><img alt="rat haus reality" width="113" height="107" src="images/rathaus2.gif" border="1" /></a> </td> <td valign="middle" align="left" width="243"> <span style="font-family:Times,sans serif;font-size:18">      <a href="rat_haus.html">enter the site</a> </span> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:80%">   </div>  <table width="600" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary=""> <tr> <td bgcolor="white"> <div align="center" style="margin:0.2em 0 0;"> <a href="ratville/JFK/Postscript1968-Episode9.html"> <img alt="" width="500" height="281" src="ratville/JFK/images/PS1968z.jpg" border="0" /></a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:12.0pt;text-align:center;margin: 0 0 0 0;"> <a href="ratville/JFK/Postscript1968-Episode9.html"> <b>Taking Back Our History</b> – A Key Element in The Big Picture </a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:0.6em;text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.2em;"> <a href="ratville/JFK/Postscript1968-Episode9.html"> 27 July 2018 </a> </div> <div style="font-family:times;font-size:0.8em;text-align:justify;line-height:110%;margin: 0.3em 1.1em;"> <b>William Pepper</b>: The magistrate, in his own report, admits that Sirhan was in front of Bob Kennedy; <i>in front of him</i>. Proving our case that Sirhan could not possibly have shot Bob from the rear. <a href="http://williampepper.com/documents.html">The evidence is there</a>. Anyone wants to see it, anyone who wants to look at it, they can. We urge everyone to do that. The question is how long will they be allowed to cover this up? Will it be covered up throughout all of history? That’s really what the goal is.... These two political assassinations have determined the course of history like no other in our lifetime, indeed perhaps in the history of this Republic.... Political assassinations have existed throughout all of the history of human society. It’s an ultimate tactic that is used when you cannot co-opt, compromise, or control in some way a leader or an emerging dissenting force. The ultimate way of stopping that individual, of course, is through assassination. In the ’60s we saw four of those. <div style="height:0.4em;"></div> <b>Jim Douglass</b>: Martin Luther King had a vision for Humanity: the Beloved Community of a just and peaceful global society and he was prepared to move toward that as he said in his <a href="ratville/JFK/Postscript1968-Episode9.html#MLK-1967-MasseyLectures">CBC lectures in 1967 where he articulated his final vision</a>. It was published as a book after his death, <i>The Trumpet of Conscience</i>. He said he was hoping to bring whole cities to a halt, beginning with Washington D.C., through massive nonviolent civil disobedience until poverty could be eliminated from not only the United States but from other parts of the world and war and injustice. <a href="ratville/JFK/Unspeakable/KingAndTheCross.html#Rfn5">He had a big vision</a>. That was really the beginning of my investigation. The impact that King’s assassination had on my life and the recognition that his vision, a hopeful, a nonviolent, a redemptive vision for all of humanity, it went to the point where the powers that be were not going to allow it to be carried out. That’s why we should be demanding that the truth be recognized and spoken. </div> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:100%">   </div>  <table width="600" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary=""> <tr> <td bgcolor="white"> <div align="center" style="margin:0.2em 0 0;"> <a href="ratitorsCorner/06.21.18.html"> <img alt="John Judge at home, June 7, 2011" width="500" height="195" src="ratitorsCorner/JJ-bookwall-1z.jpg" border="0" /> </a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:12.0pt;text-align:center;margin: 0 0 0 0;"> <a href="ratitorsCorner/06.21.18.html"> <i>This One’s For John</i> – <b>Hidden History Center Upgrade</b> </a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:0.6em;text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.2em;"> <a href="ratitorsCorner/06.21.18.html"> 21 June 2018 </a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:times;font-size:0.8em;text-align:justify;line-height:110%;margin: 0.3em 1.1em;"> <a href="ratitorsCorner/06.21.18.html"> “Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. said there are three pillars that hold up the current system of domestic oppression: poverty, racism and militarism. In order to have real democracy, economic justice, peace and a unified society, we have to both envision our own liberation in our time and take back our history, power and moral integrity. </a> <div style="height:0.4em;"></div> <a href="ratitorsCorner/06.21.18.html"> “The reason Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. King were both loved and hated, both followed and murdered had to do with their use of “satygraha” or truth force and “ahimsa” or nonviolent harmlessness. These powerful tools moved them outside the control game that has secured privilege for a few over millenia.” </a> <div align="right"> <a href="ratitorsCorner/06.21.18.html"> —John Judge, September 1, 2001 </a> </div> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:0.7em;text-align:center;line-height:110%;margin: 0.3em 1.1em;"> <a href="ratitorsCorner/06.21.18.html"> This is an invitation to rededicate ourselves <br /> to envision our own liberation and take back our history, power, and moral integrity. </a> </div> <div align="center"> <a href="ratitorsCorner/06.21.18.html"> <img alt="We Are Children Of Earth & Sky" width="500" height="167" border="0" src="ratitorsCorner/05-OneDoesNotSellTheEarth-500.jpg" /> </a> </div> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:80%">   </div>  <table bgcolor="#FFFFFF" width="440" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="middle" align="right" width="243"> <span style="font-family:Times, san serif;font-size:18"> welcome to        <br /> <a href="rat_haus.html">rat haus reality</a>      </span> </td> <td width="93" height="70" align="center"> <a href="rat_haus.html"><img alt="rat haus reality" width="113" height="107" src="images/rathaus2.gif" border="1" /></a> </td> <td valign="middle" align="left" width="243"> <span style="font-family:Times,sans serif;font-size:18">      <a href="rat_haus.html">enter the site</a> </span> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:80%">   </div>  <a name="STOPnWar"></a> <table width="600" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary=""> <tr> <td bgcolor="white"> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:1.5em;font-weight:600;text-align:center;line-height:110%;margin:0.1em 0 0.0em;"> <a id="top"></a> <a href="radiation/STOP-NwarB4tooLate.html">Help <span style="font-family:arial black;color:red;">STOP</span> Nuclear War Before It’s Too Late</a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:1.1em;text-align:center;line-height:110%;"> <a href="radiation/STOP-NwarB4tooLate.html"><i>We all have a part to play</i></a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" align="center" style="font-family:arial;font-size:0.7em;text-align:center;line-height:115%;margin:0.0em 0 0.7em;"> <a href="radiation/STOP-NwarB4tooLate.html"> 4 April 2018 </a> </div> <div align="center" style="margin:0.2em 0 0.0em;"> <iframe width="300" height="169" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/GWrAUIwnS3c?rel=0" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:0.8em;line-height:115%;margin:0 2.4em 1.0em;"> <a href="radiation/STOP-NwarB4tooLate.html"> “Never have the nations of the world had so much to lose, or so much to gain. Together we shall save our planet, or together we shall perish in its flames. Save it we can—and save it we must—and then shall we earn the eternal thanks of mankind and, as peacemakers, the eternal blessing of God.” </a> <div class="noLinkVisual" align="right"> <a href="radiation/STOP-NwarB4tooLate.html"> —President John F. Kennedy, UN General Assembly, 25 Sep 1961 </a> </div> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:times;font-size:0.78em;text-align:justify;line-height:110%;margin:0 0.8em 0.9em;"> <a href="radiation/STOP-NwarB4tooLate.html"> The increasing likelihood of nuclear war—not by miscalculation nor by accident, but by the collective madness of people leading and promoting the U.S. war machine, in concert with mainstream media malpractice—is THE supreme threat to all life on Earth. 50 years ago today the ultimate sacrifice was made by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., one of the 20th century’s greatest peacemakers. King gave his life championing the world’s poor by opposing the greatest purveyor of violence on Earth—his own government. Calls for “honoring Dr. King” betray his life’s purpose if they do not steadfastly sound the alarm that the push by the West for war with Russia, which is a mass extinction event waiting to happen. </a> </div> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:100%">   </div>  <a name="NWUE"></a> <table width="600" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary=""> <tr> <td bgcolor="white"> <div class="noLinkVisual" align="center" style="font-family:arial;font-size:1.5em;font-weight:600;line-height:110%;text-align:center;line-height:110%;margin:0.2em 0 0.0em;"> <a href="radiation/BftB/index.html">Nuclear Weapons - The Ultimate Evil <br /> Time’s Up to Kick The Habit</a> </div> <table width="510" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" border="0" summary=""> <tr> <td> <a href="radiation/BftB/NuclearDeathStar.html"> <img alt="Castle Romeo 4 megaton nuclear detonation, Bikini Atoll sacrifice, 1954" title="Castle Romeo 4 megaton nuclear detonation, Bikini Atoll sacrifice, 1954" width="137" height="193" src="radiation/BftB/CastleRomeo-Bikini-1954z.jpg" /></a> </td> <td> <a href="radiation/BftB/Nagasaki+Hiroshima.html"> <img alt="Mother and child dead on platform at Urakami station ~1 km near Nagasaki epicenter, 10 August 1945; credit: Yosuke Yamahata" title="Mother and child dead on platform at Urakami station ~1 km near Nagasaki epicenter, 10 August 1945; credit: Yosuke Yamahata" width="165" height="193" src="radiation/BftB/Nagasaki-UrakamiStationz.jpg" /></a> </td> <td> <a href="radiation/BftB/NuclearSwordOfDamocles.html"> <img alt="Kick The Habit, Rob Wout aka Opland, 1981" title="Kick The Habit, Rob Wout aka Opland, 1981" width="200" height="193" src="radiation/NuclearExtinction/1981-KickTheBomb-Oplandz.jpg" /></a> </td> </tr> </table> <div style="font-family:times;font-size:0.8em;line-height:110%;margin:0.0em 3.0em 0;"> “Nine nations still threaten to incinerate entire cities, to destroy life on earth, to make our beautiful world uninhabitable for future generations. <i>The development of nuclear weapons signifies not a country’s elevation to greatness, but its descent to the darkest depths of depravity. These weapons are not a necessary evil; they are the ultimate evil</i>.” <div align="right" style="margin-top:0.1em;"> —Setsuko Thurlow, Hiroshima survivor, <span class="LinkVisBlu"><a href="radiation/BftB/SetsukoThurlow.html">speaking 10 Dec 2017</a></span> </div> <div align="right" style="font-family:times;font-size:0.7em;line-height:110%;"> on behalf of the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons, <br /> recipient of the 2017 Nobel Peace Prize </div> </div> <div align="center" style="font-name:arial;font-size:0.9em;font-weight:600;line-height:105%;margin:0.2em 0 0;"> <span class="LinkVisBlu"><a href="radiation/BftB/ICneededToAbolishNweps.html">The Ultimate Necessity<br />of an International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons</a></span> <br /> <span style="font-size:0.9em;"> Eli Martin Schotz, M.D., February 2018 </span> </div> <div style="font-family:times;font-size:0.8em;line-height:110%;margin:0 3.0em;"> “Any talk today of preventing a nuclear war misses the point that we are actually in a nuclear war right now. The question is not how can we prevent a nuclear war, but how will the nuclear war end? Will it end with the weapons abolishing mankind, or will mankind end this war by abolishing nuclear weapons? Just as war is a process, so is peace. Peace is a process of educating people about nuclear war, helping them organize against this war.” </div> <div align="center" style="font-name:arial;font-size:0.9em;font-weight:600;margin:0.5em 0 0;"> <span class="LinkVisBlu"><a href="radiation/BftB/CallToPreventNuclearWar.html">Back from the Brink ~ The Call to Prevent Nuclear War</a></span> </div> <div style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:0.84em;font-weight:600;text-align:center;line-height:80%;margin:0 0 0.3em;"> We call on the United States to lead a global effort to prevent nuclear war by: </div> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="0"> <tr> <td style="font-size:1.0em;line-height:80%;"> •  </td> <td style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:0.84em;line-height:115%;"> renouncing the option of using nuclear weapons first </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:1.0em;line-height:80%;"> •  </td> <td style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:0.84em;line-height:115%;"> ending the sole, unchecked authority of any President to launch a nuclear attack </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:1.0em;line-height:80%;"> •  </td> <td style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:0.84em;line-height:115%;"> taking US nuclear weapons off hair-trigger alert </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:1.0em;line-height:80%;"> •  </td> <td style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:0.84em;line-height:115%;"> cancelling the plan to replace its entire arsenal with enhanced weapons </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:1.0em;line-height:80%;"> •  </td> <td style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:0.84em;line-height:115%;"> actively pursuing a verifiable agreement among nuclear armed states to <br /> eliminate their nuclear arsenals </td> </tr> </table> <div align="center" style="font-name:arial;font-size:0.9em;font-weight:600;margin:0.5em 0;"> <span class="LinkVisBlu" style="font-variant:small-caps"><a href="radiation/BftB/BackFromTheBrink.html">Back from the Brink ~ Critical Analysis, Resources, Updates</a></span> </div> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:80%">   </div>  <table bgcolor="#FFFFFF" width="440" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="middle" align="right" width="243"> <span style="font-family:Times, san serif;font-size:18"> welcome to        <br /> <a href="rat_haus.html">rat haus reality</a>      </span> </td> <td width="93" height="70" align="center"> <a href="rat_haus.html"><img alt="rat haus reality" width="113" height="107" src="images/rathaus2.gif" border="1" /></a> </td> <td valign="middle" align="left" width="243"> <span style="font-family:Times,sans serif;font-size:18">      <a href="rat_haus.html">enter the site</a> </span> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:80%">   </div> <a name="CoV"></a>  <table width="600" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" align="center"> <div class="noLinkVisual" align="center" style="font-family:arial;font-size:1.5em;font-weight:600;line-height:110%;text-align:center;line-height:110%;margin:0.5em 0 0.1em;"> <a href="ratville/JFK/CoV-JFK-MLK-WFP.html"> The Truth of The Children of Vietnam: A Way of Liberation </a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" align="center" style="font-family:arial;font-size:1.0em;line-height:120%;text-align:center;margin:0 0 0.5em;"> <a href="ratville/JFK/CoV-JFK-MLK-WFP.html"> How Will We Challenge Militarism, Racism, and Extreme Materialism? </a> </div> <div align="left" style="margin: 0 0 0 1.1em;"> <a href="ratville/JFK/CoV-JFK-MLK-WFP.html"> <img src="ratville/JFK/images/WarIsNotHealthyz.jpg" alt="war is not healthy for children and other living things" title="war is not healthy for children and other living things" style="width:150; height:185; float:left; border-width:0px; border-style:solid; margin-right:16px" /></a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:times;font-size:0.8em;text-align:justify;line-height:110%;margin: 0.2em 1.1em 1.1em 1.1em;"> <a href="ratville/JFK/CoV-JFK-MLK-WFP.html"> “The Children of Vietnam” provides an instance of truth force that is needed more than ever to counter the fragmentation and doublethink being amplified by the demands of capital and its accumulation. Because, tragically and horrifically, what the United States caused to happen in Vietnam has not stopped. It continues to this day, magnified on a global scale within numerous theatres of U.S. military and covert operations including in Iraq, in Afghanistan, in Yemen. </a> <div align="right" style="margin:0.4em 0 0;"> <a href="ratville/JFK/CoV-JFK-MLK-WFP.html"> <img src="ratville/JFK/images/WarIsTerrorismz.jpg" alt="WAR IS TERRORISM" title="WAR IS TERRORISM" style="width:90; height:90; float:right; border-width:0px; border-style:solid; margin-left:8px" /></a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual"> <a href="ratville/JFK/CoV-JFK-MLK-WFP.html"> In denouncing the U.S. war in Vietnam at Riverside Church in 1967 Martin King posed the question on behalf of Vietnamese peasants: “What do they think as we test out our latest weapons on them, just as the Germans tested out new medicine and new tortures in the concentration camps of Europe?” And this was a war that ended up being broadcast on nightly news television in the United States as it became evermore hellish in its results. Said King at Riverside, “When machines and computers, profit motives and property rights, are considered more important than people, the giant triplets of racism, extreme materialism, and militarism are incapable of being conquered.” His voice, love, compassion, and intelligence are as searingly relevant <u><b>right now</b></u>, half a century later, as in 1967. </a> </div> </div> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:100%">   </div> <a name="thotm-WhyJFKwasAssassinated"></a>  <table width="600" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" align="center"> <div class="noLinkVisual" align="center" style="font-family:Arial;font-size:15.0pt;line-height:130%;margin:0.2em 0 0.1em;"> <i> <span class="oline2"> <a href="ratitorsCorner/11.04.17.html"> the heart of the matter: </a> </span> </i> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" align="center" style="font-family:Arial;font-size:16.0pt;font-weight:bold;line-height:130%;margin-top:0.9m;margin-bottom:0.2em;"> <a href="ratitorsCorner/11.04.17.html"> Why President Kennedy Was Assassinated </a> </div> <div align="center"> <a href="ratitorsCorner/11.04.17.html"> <img src="ratitorsCorner/JFK-JWz.jpg" alt="Portrait of John F. Kennedy (1967) by Jamie Wyeth" title="Portrait of John F. Kennedy (1967) by Jamie Wyeth" style="width:359; height:248; float:center; border-width:0px; border-style:solid;" /></a> </div> <div style="font-family:times;font-size:0.8em;text-align:justify;line-height:110%;margin: 0.2em 1.1em 1.1em 1.1em;"> Concerning the extra-constitutional firing of the 35th President, the following is proffered as an antidote to the specific set of illusions and—beginning with the <a href="ratville/JFK/FalseMystery/TheWarrenReport.html">Warren Commission’s Report</a>—conspiracy theories presented by state actors, universities, and the media which promote a fabricated representation of reality through omission, distortion, falsehood, lack of contextual analysis, and disinforming opinion stated as obvious, incontestable fact. The essence of the cover-up is that there is a mystery to debate. There is no mystery. Anyone willing to look can see clearly who killed President Kennedy and why. The WHY of the assassination is the key to the crime and its cover-up. We can know <i>why</i> President Kennedy was assassinated. With this understanding and knowledge we can navigate the turbulent waters surrounding us today with a profoundly informed and deeply rooted sense of the meaning and purpose of our own lives in this irreducible present moment—the only moment we ever have. </div> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:80%">   </div>  <table bgcolor="#FFFFFF" width="440" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="middle" align="right" width="243"> <span style="font-family:Times, san serif;font-size:18"> welcome to        <br /> <a href="rat_haus.html">rat haus reality</a>      </span> </td> <td width="93" height="70" align="center"> <a href="rat_haus.html"><img alt="rat haus reality" width="113" height="107" src="images/rathaus2.gif" border="1" /></a> </td> <td valign="middle" align="left" width="243"> <span style="font-family:Times,sans serif;font-size:18">      <a href="rat_haus.html">enter the site</a> </span> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:80%">   </div> <a name="GWOT_CW-TNG"></a>  <table width="600" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" align="center"> <table width="100%" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" align="center"> <div style="font-family:times;font-size:16.0pt;text-align:center;line-height:160%;margin-top:0.2em;"> <b> Marking 16 Years of the US Global War <i>Of</i> Terror </b> </div> <div style="font-family:times;font-size:0.78em;text-align:justify;line-height:105%;margin: 0 1.2em 0.4em;"> <span style="font-family:arial ;font-size:0.9em;font-weight:bold;">Guy Debord</span>:  In 1967, in a book entitled <span class="LinkVisBlu"><a href="http://www.bopsecrets.org/SI/debord/"><i>The Society of the Spectacle</i></a></span>, I showed what the modern spectacle was already in essence: the autocratic reign of the market economy, which had acceded to an irresponsible sovereignty, and the totality of new techniques of government that accompanied this reign.... </div> <div style="font-family:times;font-size:0.78em;text-align:justify;line-height:105%;margin: 0.3em 1.2em 0.2em;">  Spectacular domination’s first priority was to eradicate historical knowledge in general; beginning with just about all rational information and commentary on the most recent past....  With the destruction of history, contemporary events themselves retreat into a remote and fabulous realm of unverifiable stories, uncheckable statistics, unlikely explanations and untenable reasoning.... </div> <div style="font-family:times;font-size:0.78em;text-align:justify;line-height:105%;margin: 0.3em 1.2em 0.2em;">  All experts serve the state and the media and only in that way do they achieve their status. Every expert follows his master, for all former possibilities for independence have been gradually reduced to nil by present society’s mode of organization. The most useful expert, of course, is the one who can lie. With their different motives, those who need experts are falsifiers and fools. Whenever individuals lose the capacity to see things for themselves, the expert is there to offer an absolute reassurance.... </div> <div style="font-family:times;font-size:0.78em;text-align:justify;line-height:105%;margin: 0.3em 1.2em 0.4em;">  Such a perfect democracy constructs its own inconceivable foe, terrorism. Its wish is to be judged by its enemies rather than by its results. The story of terrorism is written by the state and it is therefore highly instructive. The spectators must certainly never know everything about terrorism, but they must always know enough to convince them that, compared with terrorism, everything else must be acceptable, or in any case more rational and democratic.            —    <span class="LinkVisBlu"><a href="https://libcom.org/files/Comments%20on%20the%20Society%20of%20the%20Spectacle.pdf"><i>Comments on the Society of the Spectacle</i></a></span>, 1988 </div> </td> </tr> </table> <table width="90%" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="0"> <tr> <td align="center"> <div class="ulinedub" align="center" style="font-family:stencil,impact,charcoal,sans-serif;font-size:1.8em;line-height:105%;margin:0.15em 0 0.20em;"> <span class="LinkVisBlu"><a href="ratitorsCorner/10.05.17.html">COLD WAR: THE NEXT GENERATION</a></span> </div> </td> </tr> </table> <div style="font-family:times;font-size:0.89em;text-align:justify;line-height:105%;margin:0.2em 1.5em 0.1em 1.5em;"> <div style="margin-bottom:0.44em;"> “It is a sobering thought that better evidence is required to prosecute a shoplifter than is needed to commence a world war.”    —<span class="LinkVisBlu"><a href="http://www.j-n-v.org/AW_briefings/ARROW_briefing012.htm">Anthony Scrivener QC</a></span>, <i>The Times</i>, 5 Oct 2001 </div> <div style="margin-bottom:0.2em;"> “It is different than the Gulf War was, in the sense that it may never end. At least, not in our lifetime.”    —<span class="LinkVisBlu"><a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1612401.stm">Dick Cheney</a></span>, 21 Oct 2001 </div> <div style="font-family:arial;font-size:1.1em;text-align:justify;line-height:115%;margin:0.1em 1.4em 0.4em 1.4em;"> Legend has it the Cold War was closed out in 1991. 10 years later, its Next Generation spawn was inaugurated. 16+ years into this war that will not end “in our lifetime”, it is our moral responsibility to reveal its covert and overt roots and, in doing so, end it given that <i><u>it is being done in our name</u> every single day.</i> </div> “Your loyalty belongs to the human race and not to a flag, not to a country that’s supposedly under attack from some mystical force that’s out there that you can’t even identify—I mean, these terrorists, the way they’re presented to us, it’s as if they dropped in from outer space. All you know about them is that they hate you and they want to kill you. You can’t negotiate with them. You can’t talk to them. You can’t <i>understand</i> them. All you can do is <i>kill</i> them. And you got to kill every last one except, you never know.... It’s like the pod people, you know, maybe it’s spread to somebody else and then you’ve got to start killing them.”    —<span class="LinkVisBlu"><a href="ratville/JFK/JohnJudge/Sep11Antidote-OmissionRept022105.html">John Judge</a></span>, 21 Feb 2005 </div> <div style="font-family:arial;font-size:1.0em;text-align:left;line-height:140%;margin:0.4em 0 0 0.7em;"> <b> Ed Curtin: </b> </div> <div style="font-family:arial;font-size:1.0em;text-align:left;line-height:110%;margin: 0 0 0.2em 1.5em;"> <span class="LinkVisBlu"><a href="ratville/CAH/Sep11attacks-Curtin-2016.html">Why I Don’t Speak of 9/11 Anymore</a></span>, Sep 2016 </div> <div style="font-family:arial;font-size:1.0em;text-align:left;line-height:110%;margin: 0 0 0.1em 1.5em;"> <span class="LinkVisBlu"><a href="ratville/CAH/LiesOfSep11MWs.html">The Lies of 9/11 Miracle Workers - Review of <i>Bush And Cheney:</i></a></span> <br />         <span class="LinkVisBlu"><a href="ratville/CAH/LiesOfSep11MWs.html"><i>How They Ruined America And The World</i></a></span>, 27 Aug 2017 </div> <div style="font-family:arial;font-size:1.0em;text-align:left;line-height:140%;margin:0.4em 0 0.1em 0.7em;"> <b> Graeme MacQueen: </b> </div> <div style="font-family:arial;font-size:1.0em;text-align:left;line-height:110%;margin: 0 0 0.2em 1.5em;"> <span class="LinkVisBlu"><a href="ratville/CAH/BeyondLeftWildestDreams.html">Beyond Their Wildest Dreams: Sep 11 and the US Left</a></span>, 13 Mar 2017 </div> <div style="font-family:arial;font-size:1.0em;text-align:left;line-height:110%;margin: 0 0 0.2em 1.5em;"> <span class="LinkVisBlu"><a href="ratville/CAH/PentagonSep11Bmovie.html">Sep 11: The Pentagon’s B-Movie</a></span>, 31 Aug 2017 </div> <div style="font-family:arial;font-size:13.0pt;text-align:left;line-height:140%;margin:0.4em 0 0 0.7em;"> <b> John Judge: </b> </div> <div style="font-family:arial;font-size:13.0pt;text-align:left;line-height:110%;margin: 0 0 0.2em 1.5em;"> <span class="LinkVisBlu"><a href="ratville/JFK/JohnJudge/911CitizensComm-090904-1.html">September 11 Omission Report</a></span>, 9 Sep 2004 </div> <div style="font-family:arial;font-size:13.0pt;text-align:left;line-height:110%;margin: 0 0 0.2em 1.5em;"> <span class="LinkVisBlu"><a href="ratville/JFK/JohnJudge/911CitizensComm-090904-2.html">Historical Framework: Deep Politics & Covert Operations</a></span>, 9 Sep 2004 </div> <div style="font-family:arial;font-size:13.0pt;text-align:left;line-height:110%;margin: 0 0 0.2em 1.5em;"> <span style="font-variant:small-caps"><u>Antidote to September 11 – Exercising Our Imagination:</u></span> </div> <div style="font-family:arial;font-size:13.0pt;text-align:left;line-height:110%;margin: 0 0 0.2em 2.5em;"> <span class="LinkVisBlu"><a href="ratville/JFK/JohnJudge/Sep11Antidote-CritclAnlysis021602.html">September 11 Critical Analysis</a></span>, 16 Feb 2002 </div> <div style="font-family:arial;font-size:13.0pt;text-align:left;line-height:110%;margin: 0 0 0.4em 2.5em;"> <span class="LinkVisBlu"><a href="ratville/JFK/JohnJudge/Sep11Antidote-OmissionRept022105.html">What the 9/11 Commission Didn’t Report</a></span>, 21 Feb 2005 </div> <table width="100%" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td align="center"> <table width="440" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" align="center"> <a href="ratville/JFK/JohnJudge/index.html"> <img alt="" width="440" height="252" src="ratville/JFK/JohnJudge/JJSep11researchz.jpg" border="0" /></a> </td> </tr> </table> <div align="center" style="font-family:times;font-size:0.9em;text-align:justify;line-height:105%;margin:0.2em 2em 0.3em 2em;"> John Judge was an unparalleled historian of the US National Security State. An exemplar earthling, his loyalty was to the human race, not to a flag or a country. </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:100%">   </div>  <table width="600" align="center" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td bgcolor="white"> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:1.5em;text-align:center;line-height:110%;margin: 0.2em 0 0.2em 0;"> <a href="ratville/MichaelHudson-JunkEcon.html"><b>Michael Hudson on Junk Economics<br />and Debt Cancellation</b>, Apr 2017</a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:monaco;font-size:0.9em;text-align:center;line-height:115%;margin: 0.0em 0 0.5em;"> <a href="http://michael-hudson.com/2013/07/the-insiders-economicdictionary-part-a/">“How a society defines economic terms <br /> and relationships will determine who controls it.”</a> </div> <table width="210" align="right" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td width="7">    </td> <td> <a href="ratville/MichaelHudson-JunkEcon.html"> <img alt="" style="width:200px;height:300;float:right;margin: 0.1em 0.3em 0.1em 0.2em;" src="ratville/Hudsonz.jpg" border="0" /></a> </td> </tr> </table> <div style="font-family:times;font-size:0.8em;text-align:justify;line-height:110%;margin: 0.1em 0.3em 0;"> I wanted to see how the economy worked [so in the 1960s] I went to work for banks on Wall Street as a statistician. I became Chase Manhattan’s balance of payments economist. I wanted to find out what is the deficit stemming from? The entire balance of payments deficit in the 1960s when I was working there came from the military spending abroad. So I found out it was really the Vietnam War and allied military spending. <div style="line-height:50%;"> </div> I’ve been spending much of my effort for the last 30 years trying to see how the ancient near east and classical antiquity and medieval Europe all solved their debt crises, basically writing a history of debt crisis showing that every economy has had to cancel the debt. So you could say all my work in economics since the 1960s, more than 50 years, is spent on seeing how society handles its debt crisis. <div style="line-height:50%;"> </div> The industrial economy in America is essentially being emptied out in order to pay the stockowners and about 75 percent of stocks are owned by the richest 5 percent of the population. So if you look at who owns the stock, it’s not the working class, it’s not the middle class, it’s the super rich. The super rich are saying, We’re willing to use all the corporate income to run it down. Basically, the 5 percent have decided that industrial capitalism is over and it’s time to take the money and run. And you take the money and run by just paying out all the income, just to yourselves, leaving the corporation an empty shell. <div style="line-height:50%;"> </div> That’s how the Chicago Boys introduced free markets into Chile after 1974 when Pinochet took over from Allende. It’s the neoliberal model. It’s what happened in Russia after the neoliberals convinced Russia to go along. It’s what’s happening in Greece when you’re just emptying out the economy to pay the bond holders. It’s economic shrinkage. The trick is to get the middle class and the working class to think the stock market is them when the stock market isn’t themselves at all. It’s the five percent. <div style="line-height:50%;"> </div> Greece is the future of where America is going now under the policies of Clinton and Obama and Trump. Either you’re going to have barbarism or you’re going to have a renovation of the economy which means the debt write-down, anti-monopoly legislation, and prosecution of crooks. </div> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:80%">   </div>  <table bgcolor="#FFFFFF" width="440" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="middle" align="right" width="243"> <span style="font-family:Times, san serif;font-size:18"> welcome to        <br /> <a href="rat_haus.html">rat haus reality</a>      </span> </td> <td width="93" height="70" align="center"> <a href="rat_haus.html"><img alt="rat haus reality" width="113" height="107" src="images/rathaus2.gif" border="1" /></a> </td> <td valign="middle" align="left" width="243"> <span style="font-family:Times,sans serif;font-size:18">      <a href="rat_haus.html">enter the site</a> </span> </td> </tr> </table> <div style="line-height:80%">   </div>  <table width="600" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td bgcolor="white"> <div style="margin: 0.3em;"> <div style="font-family:arial;font-size:1.5em;text-align:center;letter-spacing:0.2em;margin-bottom:0.3em;"> May 29, 2017 </div> <table width="200" align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td> <a href="ratville/JFK/FalseMystery/index.html"> <img alt="" style="width:200px;height:300;float:left;margin: 0.1em 0 0.1em 0.2em;" src="images/VSportrait2n.jpg" border="0" /></a> <div style="font-family:arial;font-size:0.4em;text-align:right;line-height:100%;margin-bottom:0.7em;"> PHOTO: <a href="https://www.genesmirnov.com/">GENE SMIRNOV</a> </div> </td> <td width="7">    </td> </tr> </table> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:12.0pt;text-align:center;line-height:120%;margin: 0 0 0.3em 0.5em;"> <a href="ratville/JFK/FalseMystery/index.html"> <i>False Mystery: Essays on the JFK Assassination</i> <br /> by Vincent J. Salandria</a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:times;font-size:0.8em;text-align:justify;line-height:110%;margin: 0.3em 0.17em 0 0.5em;"> <a href="ratville/JFK/FalseMystery/index.html"> After more than a half century, the historical truth of the assassination of President John F. Kennedy has been finally established beyond rational dispute. The Kennedy assassination is a false mystery. It was conceived by the conspirators to be a false mystery which was designed to cause interminable debate. The purpose of the protracted debate was to obscure what was quite clearly and plainly a <i>coup d’état</i>. Simply stated, President Kennedy was assassinated by our U.S. national security state in order to abort his efforts to bring the Cold War to a peaceful conclusion. </a> <div align="right"> <a href="ratville/JFK/FalseMystery/index.html"> —Vincent Salandria, 2016 </a> </div> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:times;font-size:1.2em;text-align:center;line-height:125%;margin: 0.4em 0 0 0.5em;"> <a href="ratville/JFK/FalseMystery/index.html"> Released on the 100th anniversary of the birth of John Fitzgerald Kennedy, this an expanded 2017 digital edition. </a> </div> </div> </td> </tr> </table>  <div id="MLK-WFP"></div> <div style="line-height:100%">   </div>  <table width="600" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" align="center"> <table width="100%" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" align="center"> <div style="font-family:times;font-size:14.0pt;text-align:center;line-height:120%;"> <b> <span class="LinkVisBlu"><a href="ratville/JFK/MLK-Riverside-50yrs.html">50 Years Ago: Riverside Church and <br /> MLK’s Final Year of Experiments With Truth</a></span> </b> </div> <div style="font-family:times;font-size:10.0pt;text-align:center;line-height:110%;"> by David T. Ratcliffe </div> <div style="font-family:times;font-size:9.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height:105%;margin: 0px 10px 5px 10px;"> <span style="font-family:arial ;font-size:8.0pt;font-weight:bold;">Dr. William Francis Pepper, Esq</span>: Martin Luther King was much more than a civil rights leader and that’s what no one in official capacity wants you to know. He had become effectively a world-figure in terms of human rights people and particularly the poor of this earth. That’s where he was going. That’s the area you don’t really get into safely when you start talking about redistributing wealth. Diverting huge sums of money into social welfare programs and health programs and educational programs at the grass roots. </div> <div style="font-family:times;font-size:9.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height:105%;margin: 5px 10px 5px 10px;"> When you start going into that you begin to tread on toes in this country, in the United Kingdom, and in most of the western world. When you start associating with the poor of this planet and the exploitation of what’s happened to whole cultures and tribal cultures in Africa in particular, and you see the results of the exploitation of western colonial powers and when you want to see a movement to not only arrest that process which still goes forward today under different guises but to actually reverse it and to give an opportunity for people to control their destinies and their own natural wealth, that’s dangerous ground to get on. </div> <div style="font-family:times;font-size:9.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height:105%;margin: 5px 10px 0px 10px;"> King was committed, increasingly, to that kind of political view. He wept in India as early as ’60, ’61 when he was there. He had never seen such poverty in such a massive scale. ‘How can people live like this?’ There’s a lot of people live that like this. Why do people live like this? Most of America doesn’t see that. We are a residentially segregated society forever. King saw that, wanted to bridge it and the solutions were too radical, too potentially dangerous. Jefferson was an idol of his. With all of Jefferson’s foibles, remember he said, ‘You need a revolution every 20 years. You need to sweep the room clean every 20 years,’ said Mr. Jefferson. You need that revolution. King believed that as well. </div> <div style="font-family:times;font-size:9.0pt;text-align:right;line-height:105%;margin: 10px 10px 5px 10px;"> </div> </td> </tr> </table> <table width="100%" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" align="center"> <div style="font-family:arial;font-size:20.0pt;text-align:center;line-height:140%;"> <span class="uline2"> <b> Needed: A Martin Luther King Day of Truth </b> </span> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div style="font-family:times;font-size:9.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height:105%;margin:0.4em 1em 0.1em 1em;"> <table align="right" width="168" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td>    </td> <td width="168" style="font-family:arial;font-size:6.0pt;text-align:right;line-height:115%;"> <span class="LinkVisBlu"><a href="https://youtu.be/miIW96toI4U?t=8m50s"> <img alt="" title="William Pepper being interviewed on the release of his new book, “The Plot To Kill King,”—from which the quote at left is taken—21 June 2016" width="168" height="150" src="ratville/JFK/images/WFP-062116z.jpg" border="0" /> William F. Pepper, 21 June 2016</a></span> </td> </tr> </table> [T]he assassination of Martin King, and all of the other assassinations in the sixties...have to be seen in a historical context. You have to go back effectively, to the compelled death of Socrates, work through Caesar, all the way down and you will see whenever a ruling structure cannot control an errant leader, if they can’t control him in one way or another, ultimately they assassinate him. That has happened throughout history. Americans don’t understand that, so they look upon, as a kind of anomaly...the assassinations in the United States in the sixties, and they’re not. They are a part of a historical process and must be viewed that way. Martin King had to be stopped. The only way to stop him ultimately was to assassinate him and that’s what they did. <div style="font-family:times;font-size:9.0pt;text-align:right;line-height:105%;margin: 0 1em 0.4em 1em;"> —Dr. William F. Pepper, Esq., <span class="LinkVisBlu"><a href="https://youtu.be/miIW96toI4U?t=8m50s">on release of his book</a></span>, <i>The Plot To Kill King</i>, 21 Jun 2016 </div> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" align="center"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" align="center"> <div style="font-family:arial;font-size:13.0pt;text-align:left;line-height:140%;margin:0.0em 0 0 1em;"> by Ed Curtin: </div> <div style="font-family:arial;font-size:13.0pt;text-align:left;line-height:110%;margin: 0 0 0.4em 2em;"> <span class="LinkVisBlu"><a href="ratville/JFK/MLK-Day-Of-Truth.html">A Day of Service is a Disservice to the Truth</a></span> <br />         <span class="LinkVisBlu"><a href="ratville/JFK/MLK-Day-Of-Truth.html">of MLK’s Life, Death, and Witness</a></span>, 14 Jan 2017 </div> <div style="font-family:arial;font-size:13.0pt;text-align:left;line-height:110%;margin: 0 0 0.4em 2em;"> <span class="LinkVisBlu"><a href="ratville/JFK/PlotToKillKing2016.html">The Government that Honors Dr. Martin Luther King</a></span> <br />         <span class="LinkVisBlu"><a href="ratville/JFK/PlotToKillKing2016.html">with a National Holiday Killed Him</a></span>, 10 Dec 2016 </div> <div style="font-family:arial;font-size:13.0pt;text-align:left;line-height:140%;margin:0.1em 0 0.5em 1em;"> by Joseph E Green: <span class="LinkVisBlu"><a href="ratville/JFK/MLK-10-Point-Program.html">The MLK 10-Point Program</a></span>, 2013 </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" align="center"> <div style="font-size:9.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height:110%;margin: 5px 12px 5px 10px;"> <table align="left" width="192" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td> </td> <td width="192" style="font-family:arial;font-size:6.0pt;text-align:right;line-height:115%;"> <span class="LinkVisBlu"><a href="ratville/JFK/WFP020403.html#WFPMLK1967"> <img alt="" title="William Pepper with Martin Luther King Jr., 1967" width="192" height="150" src="ratville/JFK/images/WFP+MLK-1967zn.jpg" border="0" /> William F. Pepper with Martin Luther King, 1967</a></span> </td> <td>    </td> </tr> </table> In his “Little Essays of Love and Virtue” <span class="LinkVisBlu"><a href="https://archive.org/stream/littleessayslov02elligoog#page/n175/mode/2up">Havelock Ellis, writing in 1922</a></span>, during another period of heralded American prosperity, and perhaps sensing what lay ahead as there would be only seven years before economic disaster struck, said: “all civilisation has from time to time become a thin crust over a volcano of revolution”. This was, of course, the fear in 1967 and 1968. Martin Luther King Jr was, for the transnational corporations, public enemy number one. He stood in the way of their inexorable consolidation of power. If he had played along as have many of his peers before and after, he would likely be with us today, a wealthy and honored man, a pillar of the state. But he did not choose to play that game and as we have seen the might of the steward state was brought to bear upon him, and to this day the pillars of the American Republic continue to be supported by the same foundation stones of lies and greed which he was determined to crumble to dust and replace. <div align="right"> —William F. Pepper, <span class="LinkVisBlu"><a href="ratville/JFK/WFP020403.html"><i>An Act of State: The Execution of Martin Luther King</i></a></span>, p.267. </div> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:80%">   </div>  <table bgcolor="#FFFFFF" width="440" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="middle" align="right" width="243"> <span style="font-family:Times, san serif;font-size:18"> welcome to        <br /> <a href="rat_haus.html">rat haus reality</a>      </span> </td> <td width="93" height="70" align="center"> <a href="rat_haus.html"><img alt="rat haus reality" width="113" height="107" src="images/rathaus2.gif" border="1" /></a> </td> <td valign="middle" align="left" width="243"> <span style="font-family:Times,sans serif;font-size:18">      <a href="rat_haus.html">enter the site</a> </span> </td> </tr> </table> <div style="line-height:80%">   </div> <a name="JJLC"></a>  <table width="600" align="center" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" align="center"> <table width="100%" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" align="center"> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:15.0pt;text-align:center;"> <span class="LinkVisBlu"> <a href="ratville/JFK/JohnJudge/JJ-Leading-Change.html"> <b>John Judge, <i>Leading Change</i></b>: <br /> <i>A Transformational, Quiet Servant Leader</i></a></span> </div> <div style="font-family:arial;font-size:11.0pt;text-align:center;"> 2012 Case Study by Cynthia McKinney </div> <div style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:10.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height:115%;margin-left:20px;margin-right:20px;margin-bottom:7px;"> I decided that because of the brilliance and the dedication of this gentleman, that in my own PhD leadership studies I would write a paper on him and the type of leadership that he demonstrates.... John Judge is perhaps one of the most important unknown historians of our generation. </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"> <table width="468" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td width="120" bgcolor="white"> <span class="LinkVisBlu"> <a href="ratville/JFK/JohnJudge/JJ-Leading-Change.html"> <img alt="" width="107" height="130" src="ratville/JFK/JohnJudge/JJ-UnansweredQsz.jpg" /> </a></span> </td> <td width="228" bgcolor="white"> <span class="LinkVisBlu"> <a href="ratville/JFK/JohnJudge/JJ-Leading-Change.html"> <img alt="" width="215" height="130" src="ratville/JFK/JohnJudge/JJ-speakingz.jpg" /> </a></span> </td> <td width="120" bgcolor="white"> <span class="LinkVisBlu"> <a href="ratville/JFK/JohnJudge/JJ-Leading-Change.html"> <img alt="" width="108" height="130" src="ratville/JFK/JohnJudge/JJ-Terrapinz.jpg" /> </a></span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:80%">   </div> <a name="PPiTH"></a>  <table width="600" align="center" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" align="center"> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:22.0pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;line-height:130%;font-variant:small-caps;"> <span class="LinkVisBlu"><a href="http://www.tribalnationsmaps.com/pipeline-map.html">Proposed Pipelines In Tribal Homelands</a></span> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:12.0pt;text-align:left;line-height:105%;margin-top:4px;"> From Aaron Carapella, Indigenous Cartographer Extraordinaire: </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:9.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height:115%;margin-top:4px;margin-left:20px;margin-right:20px;"> <b>2 Dec 2016</b>: I have been working on this map for months. It is a gift to the community. You can download your free PDF of this map <span class="LinkVisBlu"><a href="http://www.tribalnationsmaps.com/pipeline-map.html"><b>HERE</b></a></span> and use it for digital presentations or to print your own copy. You can also purchase it from me in a poster format. If any modifications need to be made, please don’t hesitate to let me know. <b><i>We need to think about our Mother Earth and Tribal rights before building pipelines.</i></b> </div> <div style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:9.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height:115%;margin-top:4px;margin-bottom:4px;"> File type: PDF; resolution: 3456 x 3960 points; size: 161 MB; <span class="LinkVisBlu"><a href="http://www.tribalnationsmaps.com/store/p111/Proposed_Pipeline_in_Tribal_Homelands_-_48%22x55%22.html">page size: 48" x 55"</a></span> </div> <a href="http://www.tribalnationsmaps.com/pipeline-map.html"><img alt="Proposed Pipelines In Tribal Homelands" title="Proposed Pipelines In Tribal Homelands" width="540" height="619" src="ProposedPipelinesOnTH.jpg" border="0" /></a> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:80%">   </div> <a name="MD"></a>  <table width="600" align="center" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" align="center"> <table width="100%" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" align="center" width="540" height="60"> <a href="radiation/NuclearExtinction/HiroshimaPanNo4.html"> <img alt="Hiroshima Panorama #4" title="Hiroshima post-atomic-bomb annihilation—click image to see 7943-by-892 pixel high resolution 360 degree panorama" width="540" height="60" src="radiation/NuclearExtinction/HiroshimaPanoramic4zz.jpg" border="0" /></a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white"> <table width="540" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" width="30%" align="left"> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:8.0pt;line-height:100%;margin-left:10px;"> 360 degree view span </div> </td> <td bgcolor="white" width="70%" align="right"> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:8.0pt;line-height:100%;margin-right:10px;"> <a href="http://www.pcf.city.hiroshima.jp/top_e.html">Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum</a> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" align="center"> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial;font-size:24.0pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;line-height:105%;margin-top:6px;"> <a href="radiation/MDforN-FissionFreeWorld.html">Montreal Declaration<br /> for a Nuclear-Fission-Free World</a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:11.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height:115%;margin-top:4px;margin-left:20px;margin-right:20px;"> <a href="radiation/MDforN-FissionFreeWorld.html">As citizens of this planet inspired by the <i>Second Thematic World Social Forum for a Nuclear-Fission-Free World</i>, conducted in Montreal from August 8 to August 12, 2016, we are collectively calling for a mobilization of civil society around the world to bring about the elimination of all nuclear weapons, to put an end to the continued mass-production of all high-level nuclear wastes by phasing out all nuclear reactors, and to bring to a halt all uranium mining worldwide.</a> <div align="center"> — <a href="radiation/MDforN-FissionFreeWorld.html#ND">Includes Ongoing News and Developments</a> — </div> </div> <div align="center" style="margin-top:8px;"> <a href="radiation/Fukushima/images/032411bHR.html"> <img alt="Fukushima Units 3 and 4, March 24, 2011" title="Destroyed Fukushima Dai-chi Reactor Units 3 & 4, Mar 24, 2011 —click image to see 2583-by-1690 pixel high resolution copy" width="540" height="132" src="radiation/Fukushima/images/pict5zdet.jpg" border="0" /></a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" align="center" style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:8.0pt;line-height:40%;margin-right:20px;"> <a href="radiation/Fukushima/index.html">Fukushima Dai-ichi Melted Down Reactor Units 3 and 4, Mar 24, 2011</a> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <div style="line-height:80%">   </div>  <table bgcolor="#FFFFFF" width="440" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="middle" align="right" width="243"> <span style="font-family:Times, san serif;font-size:18"> welcome to        <br /> <a href="rat_haus.html">rat haus reality</a>      </span> </td> <td width="93" height="70" align="center"> <a href="rat_haus.html"><img alt="rat haus reality" width="113" height="107" src="images/rathaus2.gif" border="1" /></a> </td> <td valign="middle" align="left" width="243"> <span style="font-family:Times,sans serif;font-size:18">      <a href="rat_haus.html">enter the site</a> </span> </td> </tr> </table> <div style="line-height:80%">   </div> <a name="P-W"></a>  <table width="600" align="center" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td bgcolor="white"> <table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td width="295"> <div align="center"> <a href="ratville/PalestineIsStillTheIssue.html"> <img alt="" width="280" height="161" src="IP-PiStI-top.jpg" border="0" /></a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" align="center" style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:17.0pt;line-height:130%;"> <a href="ratville/PalestineIsStillTheIssue.html"> <b> Palestine is Still the Issue </b> </a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" align="center" style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:13.0pt;line-height:130%;"> <a href="ratville/PalestineIsStillTheIssue.html"> by Israeli Historian Ilan Pappé </a> </div> </td> <td width="10">   </td> <td width="295"> <div class="noLinkVisual" align="center" style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:12.0pt;line-height:130%;"> <a href="ratville/IsraeliInfluenceOnUSFP.html"> Lawrence Wilkerson, highest ranking US <br /> foreign policy whistle blower to date, on: </a> </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" align="center" style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:17.0pt;line-height:130%;"> <a href="ratville/IsraeliInfluenceOnUSFP.html"> <b> Israeli Influence on <br /> U.S. Foreign Policy </b> </a> </div> <div align="center"> <a href="ratville/IsraeliInfluenceOnUSFP.html"> <img alt="" width="240" height="134" src="ratville/LawrenceWilkerson2z.jpg" border="0" /></a> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <div style="line-height:80%">   </div> <a name="MLK1967"></a>  <table width="600" align="center" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td bgcolor="white"> <table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td width="205"> <a href="ratville/JFK/MLK-1967-and-Today.html"> <img src="ratville/JFK/MLK-at-RC-4Apr1967-detz.jpg" alt="Martin Luther King speaking at Riverside Church in NYC, 4 April 1967" title="Martin Luther King speaking at Riverside Church in NYC, 4 April 1967" style="width:200; height253px; float:left; border-width:0px; border-style:solid; margin-right:10px;" /></a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="white"> <div class="noLinkVisual"style="font-size:24.0pt;text-align:center;line-height:120%"> <a href="ratville/JFK/MLK-1967-and-Today.html"> Dr. Martin Luther King’s <br /> 1967 Anti-War Speech <br /> And Today</a> </div> <div style="line-height:40%">   </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-size:18.0pt;text-align:center;line-height:110%"> <a href="ratville/JFK/MLK-1967-and-Today.html"> adapted by E. Martin Schotz </a> </div> <div style="line-height:40%">   </div> <div class="noLinkVisual" style="font-size:16.0pt;text-align:center;line-height:120%"> <a href="ratville/JFK/MLK-1967-and-Today.html"> 20 June 2016 </a> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <div style="line-height:80%">   </div> <table width="560" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td bgcolor="#55ffee"> <div align="center" style="margin-top:0.25em;"> <span style="font-family:times;font-size:20.0pt;line-height:100%;letter-spacing:0.5px"> Welcome to the Front Door of </span> <span class="LinkVisBlu" style="font-family:arial;font-size:17.0pt;line-height:120%;letter-spacing:0.5px"> <a href="rat_haus.html">ratical.org</a> </span> </div> <div align="center"> <span style="font-family:times;font-size:11.0pt;line-height:110%;"> September 2015 marks the <a href="index1995.html">20th anniversary</a> of this publication library. <br /> Four 2015 essays express two primary interests of this project: </span> </div> <div style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:9.0pt;line-height:120%; margin-top:0.2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-left:1.0em;margin-right:1.0em;"> 1. <a href="ratitorsCorner/02.03.15.html">Keep the Balance</a> - John Trudell’s understanding of <a href="many_worlds/JohnTrudell/HumanBeing.html">What It Means To Be A Human Being</a> <br /> 2. <a href="ratitorsCorner/07.04.15.html">Increasing Consciousness - Outgrowing Our US Exceptionalism Myth</a> by facing <a href="#stw">US Settler Colonialism</a> <br /> 3. An Expanding Light to Dispel the Darkness: <a href="ratitorsCorner/08.06.15.html">A New Movement to Ban Nuclear Weapons</a> <br /> 4. <a href="ratitorsCorner/09.23.15.html">Dr. John W. Gofman: His Life, and Research on the Health Effects of Exposure to Ionizing Radiation</a> </div> </td> </tr> </table> <div style="line-height:80%">   </div>  <a name="JWG"></a> <table width="604" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td bgcolor="white"> <div align="center" style="font-family:times;font-size:32.0pt;line-height:120%;letter-spacing:0.5px"> <span class="noLinkVisual"><a href="ratitorsCorner/09.23.15.html">Dr. John W. Gofman</a></span> </div> <table width="100%" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td width="144"> <a href="ratitorsCorner/09.23.15.html"> <img alt="" title="John Gofman at Donner Lab, Berkeley, ca. 1950 [BANC MSS 87/108 c, Ctn. 32:5]" width="143" height="234" src="ratitorsCorner/JWG-DL.jpg" border="0" /></a> </td> <td width="148"> <a href="ratitorsCorner/09.23.15.html"> <img alt="" title="John Gofman, inside cover of Poisoned Power, The Case Against Nuclear Power Plants, 1971" width="147" height="234" src="ratitorsCorner/JWG-LL.jpg" border="0" /></a> </td> <td width="148"> <a href="ratitorsCorner/09.23.15.html"> <img alt="" title="John Gofman, Medical Physicist, Nuclear Witnesses, Insiders Speak Out, 1981" width="148" height="234" src="ratitorsCorner/JWG-SF.jpg" border="0" /></a> </td> <td width="156"> <a href="ratitorsCorner/09.23.15.html"> <img alt="" title="John Gofman, Right Livelihood Award 1992, `for his pioneering work in exposing the health effects of low-level radiation'" width="156" height="234" src="ratitorsCorner/JWG-RL.jpg" border="0" /></a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"> <div align="center" style="font-family:times;font-size:24.0pt;line-height:100%;letter-spacing:0.2px"> <span class="noLinkVisual"><a href="ratitorsCorner/09.23.15.html">His Life, and Research on the Health Effects</a></span> <br /> <span class="noLinkVisual"><a href="ratitorsCorner/09.23.15.html">of Exposure to Ionizing Radiation</a></span> </div> <div style="font-size:10.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height:120%; margin:1em;"> Dr. Gofman did more than most other medical scientists to warn people about the health effects and dangers of exposure to low dose radiation. He earned a Ph.D. in Nuclear/Physical Chemistry at UC Berkeley in 1943 where his graduate advisor was Glenn Seaborg. He co-discovered Uranium 232 and 233 and was the leader of the Plutonium Group at UCB for the Manhattan Project, where he produced the first 1.2 milligrams of plutonium for J. Robert Oppenheimer. He went on to receive his M.D. degree from UCSF in 1946. He successfully identified high density and low density lipoproteins and made a number of other major discoveries involving cholesterol, coronary heart disease, arteriosclerosis, and especially cancer. In 1963 he was asked by the Atomic Energy Commission to establish and become the first Director of the Biomedical Research Division at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to study the “Implications of All Nuclear Energy Programs Upon Man in the Biosphere.” In 1969 he and his colleague Dr. Arthur Tamplin publicly concluded that the dangers of exposure to low-level ionizing radiation were much greater than previously acknowledged and that there was no evidence of a risk-free dose of radiation. By 1973 the US government had de-funded Gofman’s Livermore lab research on chromosomes and cancer. He returned to teaching full-time at UCB and chose an early and active “retirement” in 1974 as Professor Emeritus of Molecular and Cell Biology, devoting the next 30 years to pro-bono research into human health-effects from radiation. Dr. Gofman produced a wealth of published works that have increased understanding and awareness of the biological hazards of low-level ionizing radiation and was a vital voice of intelligence and clarity calling for the cessation of further nuclear pollution of Grandmother Earth. </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:100%">   </div> <table bgcolor="#FFFFFF" width="440" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="middle" align="right" width="243"> <span style="font-family:Times, san serif;font-size:18"> welcome to        <br /> <a href="rat_haus.html">rat haus reality</a>      </span> </td> <td width="93" height="70" align="center"> <a href="rat_haus.html"><img alt="rat haus reality" width="113" height="107" src="images/rathaus2.gif" border="1" /></a> </td> <td valign="middle" align="left" width="243"> <span style="font-family:Times,sans serif;font-size:18">      <a href="rat_haus.html">enter the site</a> </span> </td> </tr> </table> <div style="line-height:100%">   </div> <a name="DPNE"></a>  <table width="600" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td bgcolor="white"> <div style="text-align:center;font-family:tahoma;font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%;margin-top:0.4em;"> August 2015: 70 years ago, nuclear weapons made extinction of all Life on Earth possible. <br /> That prospective reality never went away <u><i>and</i></u> its chances keep increasing. <br /> If we do not abolish nuclear weapons they will surely abolish us. </div> <div style="line-height:30%">   </div> <div style="font-size:10.0pt;text-align:center;line-height:115%;"> Announcing a library set of materials from the Feb 28-Mar 1 <a href="http://helencaldicottfoundation.org/">Helen Caldicott Foundation</a>’s </div> <div style="line-height:10%">   </div> <div style="text-align:center"> <span style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:16.0pt;line-height:120%"> <b> <a href="radiation/NuclearExtinction/index.html"> Symposium: The Dynamics of Possible Nuclear Extinction</a> </b> </span> </div> <div style="line-height:20%">   </div> <div style="font-size:10.0pt;text-align:center;line-height:115%;"> Find within <a href="radiation/NuclearExtinction/DPNE.html#intro"> Symposium background</a>, <a href="radiation/NuclearExtinction/DPNE.html#trans">complete transcripts of 8 speakers</a>, <a href="radiation/NuclearExtinction/DPNE-Program.html#mp3s">mp3s of all speakers + Q&As</a>, <a href="radiation/NuclearExtinction/DPNE.html#edu">other educational materials</a>, and <a href="radiation/NuclearExtinction/DPNE.html#wtd">means to engage with people</a> working to abolish nuclear weapons. </div> <div style="line-height:60%">   </div> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td width="40">   </td> <td> <a href="radiation/NuclearExtinction/DPNE.html#PNATAL"> <img alt="kick the habit" title="kick the habit" width="200" height="200" src="radiation/NuclearExtinction/1981-KickTheBomb-Oplandz.jpg" border="0" /></a> </td> <td>    </td> <td> <a href="radiation/NuclearExtinction/DPNE.html#PNATAL"> <img alt="kick the habit" title="Hiroshima Never Again" width="252" height="200" src="radiation/NuclearExtinction/HiroshimaNeverAgainz.gif" border="0" /></a> </td> <td width="40" align="right" valign="top"> <a href="http://facebook.com/ratical.org"> <img alt="fbtest" width="30" height="31" src="fbCropz.jpg" border="0" /></a>   </td> </tr> </table> <div style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:11.0pt;text-align:justify; line-height:115%;margin-left:1.0em;margin-right:1.0em;margin-top:0.5em;"> It is the non-nuclear-weapon states on whom we must depend to drive a process to ban nuclear weapons, to stigmatize them, to make them socially and politically unacceptable, to make it harder for nations to get away with possessing and upgrading them, and to help the nuclear-weapon states overcome this awful, debilitating addiction. This flips the traditional arms-control approach on its head. The humanitarian initiative is about empowering and mobilizing the rest of the world to say “enough.” It is about shifting the debate from “acceptable,” “safe” numbers of nuclear warheads to their fundamental inhumanity and incompatibility with basic standards of civilized behaviour. It is about taking away from the nuclear-armed states the power to dictate the terms of the debate and to set the agenda—and refusing to perpetuate their exceptionalism.                          —Tim Wright, “<a href="radiation/NuclearExtinction/TimWright030115.html">A New Movement to Ban Nuclear Weapons</a>” </div> <hr width="70%" align="center" noshade size="1" /> <table width="578" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td width="163" style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:9.4pt;line-height:115%;text-align:justify;"> From: <a href="http://www.chrisjordan.com/">Chris Jordan photographic arts</a>: “Edge-walking the lines between beauty and horror, abstraction and representation, the near and the far, the visible and the invisible, Jordan’s images confront the enormous power of humanity’s collective will.” <br /> <i><b>E Pluribus Unum</b> depicts the names of one million organizations around the world that are devoted to peace, environmental stewardship, social justice, and the preservation of diverse and indigenous culture. The actual number of such organizations is unknown, but estimates range between one and two million, and growing.</i> </td> <td width="288"> <a href="http://www.chrisjordan.com/gallery/epu/#e-pluribus-unum"> <img alt="Chris Jordan: E Pluribus Unum, 2010" title="Chris Jordan: E Pluribus Unum, 2010"width="288" height="284" src="E-Pluribus-Unumzzz.jpg" border="0" /></a> </td> <td width="127" style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:9.4pt;line-height:115%;text-align:justify;"> While there are a wealth of disturbing facts visualized by Jordan, still, as with all the eternal opposites, forever joined like two sides of a coin, there is also the “enormous power of humanity’s collective will” to understand and be informed by. This power is what we must <span style="arial black;"><u><i>ALL</i></u></span> engage, direct, and focus, to close the book on the possibility of nuclear annihilation for the sake of the children, all we share Earth with, and all yet to be born and live out their lives here long, long, long after we are gone. </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:10.7pt;line-height:115%;text-align:center;"> <a href="http://www.chrisjordan.com/gallery/epu/#e-pluribus-unum"><span style="font-family:arial black;">E Pluribus Unum</span></a>, 2010      24x24 feet, laser etched onto aluminum panels </td> </tr> </table> <div style="line-height:50%">   </div> </td> </tr> </table> <div style="line-height:100%">   </div>  <table bgcolor="#FFFFFF" width="440" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="middle" align="right" width="243"> <span style="font-family:Times, san serif;font-size:18"> welcome to        <br /> <a href="rat_haus.html">rat haus reality</a>      </span> </td> <td width="93" height="70" align="center"> <a href="rat_haus.html"><img alt="rat haus reality" width="113" height="107" src="images/rathaus2.gif" border="1" /></a> </td> <td valign="middle" align="left" width="243"> <span style="font-family:Times,sans serif;font-size:18">      <a href="rat_haus.html">enter the site</a> </span> </td> </tr> </table> <div style="line-height:100%">   </div> <a name="USSC"></a> <a name="stw"></a>  <table bgcolor="#f2f2f2" width="600" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff"> <div style="font-family:tahoma;font-size:12.0pt;text-align:center;margin-top:0.2em;letter-spacing:4px"> <a href="ratville/US-Settler-Colonialism.html"> The Historical Arc, Past and Present, of </a> </div> <div style="font-family:tahoma;font-size:24.0pt;text-align:center;line-height:110%;letter-spacing:3px"> <a href="ratville/US-Settler-Colonialism.html"> United States Settler Colonialism </a> </div> <div style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:10.4pt;text-align:center;line-height:120%"> <a href="ratville/US-Settler-Colonialism.html"> Colonization, Dispossession, Genocide Forms the Core of US History, the Very Source of the Country’s Existence </a> </div> <div style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:13.0pt;text-align:center;line-height:120%;letter-spacing:3px"> Will It Be The Future As Well?   The Choice Is Ours </div> <div style="line-height:15%">   </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <table width="100%" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td> <table width="97%" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td align="left"> <table width="290" align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td> <div style="line-height:20%">   </div> <div style="font-family:arial;font-size:9.2pt;text-align:center;line-height:110%;letter-spacing:0px"> The History of the United States is a History of <br /> Settler Colonialism Driven by Land Theft & Genocide </div> <div style="font-family:Arial;font-size:7.0pt;text-align:center;line-height:110%;letter-spacing:2px"> Outgrowing the US Theology of Progress </div> <div style="line-height:10%">   </div> <a href="ratville/US-Settler-Colonialism.html"> <img alt="The History of the United States is a History of Settler Colonialism Driven by Land Theft & Genocide, click image to see hi res and read about it" title="The History of the United States is a History of Settler Colonialism Driven by Land Theft & Genocide, click image to see hi res and read about it" width="300" height="185" src="images/USprogress1872z.jpg" border="0" /></a> </td> </tr> </table> </td> <td width="10">   </td> <td valign="bottom" align="right"> <table width="270" align="right" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td> <div style="text-align:center"> <span style="font-family:times;font-size:11.0pt;line-height:120%;letter-spacing:1px"> “Let all that is Indian within you die.” </span> <br /> <span style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:8.4pt;line-height:120%;letter-spacing:1px">       —Carlisle Indian School commencement speech </span> </div> <a href="ratville/IndianWithinDie.html"> <img alt="Let all that is Indian within you die, click image to see hi resolution and read about it" title="Let all that is Indian within you die, click image to see hi resolution and read about it" width="280" height="185" src="images/ApacheSchooledz.jpg" border="0" /></a> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <table width="100%" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td align="left"> <tr> <td width="90"> <div style="font-family:geneva;font-size:7.0pt;text-align:center;line-height:110%;letter-spacing:1px"> <b> <a href="http://www.filmsforaction.org/watch/schooling_the_world_2010/">watch <br /> complete <br /> film <br /> documentary</a> <br /> online while <br /> you can </b> </div> </td> <td width="420" bgcolor="#ffffff"> <div style="line-height:20%">   </div> <div style="font-family:impact;font-size:13.8pt;text-align:center;line-height:100%;letter-spacing:3px"> SCHOOLING THE WORLD </div> <div style="font-family:lucida sans;color:crimson;font-size:8.0pt;text-align:center;line-height:110%;letter-spacing:2px"> <b> THE WHITE MAN’S LAST BURDEN </b> </div> <div style="line-height:5%">   </div> <div style="font-family:arial ;font-size:8.0pt;text-align:center;line-height:110%;letter-spacing:0px"> If you wanted to change an ancient culture in a generation, how would you do it? <br /> <i> You would change the way it educates its children. </i> </div> <div style="font-family:lucida sans;font-size:10.0pt;text-align:center;line-height:110%;letter-spacing:0px"> <a href="http://schoolingtheworld.org/">schoolingtheworld.org</a> </div> <div style="line-height:10%">   </div> </td> <td width="90"> <div style="font-family:geneva;font-size:7.0pt;text-align:center;line-height:110%;letter-spacing:1px"> <b> click on <br /> an image <br /> to see <br /> hi res <br /> and read <br /> about it </b> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <table width="99%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td width="200"> <div style="font-family:arial;font-size:8.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height:110%;margin-left:0.8em;margin-right:0.8em"> “To civilize the Indians...immerse them in our civilization... and when we get them under...hold them there until they are thoroughly soaked.” </div> <div style="line-height:5%">   </div> <div style="font-family:arial;font-size:8.0pt;text-align:right;line-height:110%;margin-right:0.8em"> —General Richard Pratt, founder <br /> of the Carlisle Indian School </div> <div style="line-height:40%">   </div> <div style="font-family:arial;font-size:8.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height:110%;margin-left:0.4em;margin-right:0.4em"> “Real freedom will come only when we free ourselves of the domination of Western education, Western culture, and the Western way of living.” </div> <div style="line-height:5%">   </div> <div style="font-family:arial;font-size:8.0pt;text-align:right;line-height:110%;margin-right:0.8em"> —Mahatma Gandhi </div> <div style="line-height:40%">   </div> <div style="font-family:arial;font-size:8.0pt;text-align:center;line-height:110%;margin-left:0.8em;margin-right:0.8em"> “THE AMERICAN FLAG HAS <br /> NOT BEEN PLANTED IN FOREIGN <br /> SOIL TO ACQUIRE TERRITORY <br /> BUT FOR HUMANITY’S SAKE.” </div> <div style="line-height:5%">   </div> <div style="font-family:arial;font-size:8.0pt;text-align:center;line-height:110%;margin-right:0.8em"> William McKinley <br /> campaign poster, July 2, 1900 </div> </td> <td width="400" align="right"> <div style="line-height:30%">   </div> <a href="ratville/SchoolBegins.html"> <img alt="School Begins" title="School Begins, Puck Magazine, 25 Jan 1899" width="400" height="236" src="images/SchoolBegins1899z.jpg" border="0" /></a> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:120%">   </div> <a name="LLP"></a>  <table width="600" bgcolor="#66FFCC" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td> <table width="98%" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td height="5"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" width="500"> <iframe width="500" height="281" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/JYuOZnAqQCY" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> </td> <td align="center" width="2"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="390"> <div style="font-family:tahoma;font-size:10.0pt;text-align:center;line-height:110%"> <b> <i> Exponentially Inspired Playing </i> </b> </div> <div style="line-height:40%">   </div> <div style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:9.0pt;text-align:justify; line-height:110%;margin-left:1em;margin-right:1em;margin-bottom:0.4em"> The 2014-15 Louisville Leopard Percussionists (4th-6th graders) rehearsing Kashmir, The Ocean, and Immigrant Song by Led Zeppelin. The Louisville Leopard Percussionists began in 1993. They are a performing ensemble of approximately 55 student musicians, ages 7-12, living in and around Louisville, Kentucky. Each student learns and acquires proficiency on several instruments, such as marimbas, xylophone, vibraphone, drum set, timbales, congas, bongos and piano. <br />     The <a href="http://www.louisvilleleopardpercussionists.com/">Louisville Leopard Percussionists</a> is a non-profit organization offering extracurricular music opportunities to local children at little or no cost. Please help them keep their program going by donating at <a href="http://bit.ly/louleopardsdonate">http://bit.ly/louleopardsdonate</a>. </div> </td> <td width="200" align="left"> <iframe width="200" height="113" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/PD-MdiUm1_Y?list=PLMmd10177iHtvpf8rJZf3IgvmxM63eKvk" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:8.0pt;text-align:center;line-height:110%;margin-left:1em;margin-right:1em"> Led Zeppelin from the 10 December 2007 <br /> Celebration Day recording of Kashmir </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:90%">   </div> <a name="OFF"></a>  <table width="613" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td> <table width="97%" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td> <a href="http://luckovich.blog.ajc.com/2015/03/26/327-luckovich-cartoon-forebears/"> <img title="Mike Luckovich: ISIS acknowledging Cheney, Rummy, & W as ‘Our Founding Fathers’ - luckovich.blog.ajc.com" alt="Mike Luckovich cartoon, 03/27/15: Forebears - Our Founding Fathers" width="613" height="446" src="images/FoundingFathers.jpg" border="0" /></a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;text-align:center"> Accountability? We don't need no steenkeen accountability! </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div style="line-height:50%">   </div> <div style="font-family:arial;font-size:8.5pt;text-align:justify; margin-left:0.5em;margin-right:0.5em;line-height:110%"> Satirists of the brilliance expressed by <a href="http://luckovich.blog.ajc.com/">Mike Luckovich</a> (<i>Atlanta Journal-Constitution</i> “cartoonist”) tower above the pedestrian level of puerile infotainment pundit-commentators, providing incisive critical analysis of actual reality transpiring on the world scene. It was refreshing to see Mike’s March 27 “Forebears” printed as the daily cartoon in Friday’s <i>Boston Globe</i> Opinion Section. <a href="ratville/JFK/JohnJudge/index.html">John Judge</a> (<a href="ratville/JFK/JohnJudge/JJremembrance.html">rest in peace</a>) liked to point out how, ‘You don’t need to read the news – you can get a much more accurate depiction of world events by simply reading the cartoons!’ </div> <div style="line-height:40%">   </div> <div style="font-size:10.4pt;font-family:Times;text-align:justify; margin-left:1.5em;margin-right:1.5em;line-height:114%"> “In the frontier wars between 1607 and 1814, Americans forged two elements – unlimited war and irregular war – into their first way of war which is still their way of war. I make throughout the book, connections between the U.S. military today and its foundation in these unrelenting wars that actually went up through 1890 and then moved overseas to the Philippines and the Caribbean with the same generals in the Philippines who had been fighting the Sioux and the Cheyenne in the Northern Plains.” </div> <div style="line-height:40%">   </div> <div style="font-family:arial;font-size:8.5pt;text-align:justify; margin-left:0.5em;margin-right:0.5em;line-height:110%"> —<a href="http://www.reddirtsite.com/index.htm">Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz</a>, speaking at the <a href="http://www.greenapplebooks.com/">Green Apple used bookstore</a> in San Francisco, December 4, 2014, on her new book, <a href="http://www.beacon.org/An-Indigenous-Peoples-History-of-the-United-States-P1041.aspx"><i>An Indigenous Peoples’ History of the United States</i></a>, published in September 2014 by Beacon Press. (The recording of this, Part <a href="http://podcast.tucradio.org/2015/03/roxanne-dunbar-ortiz-an-indigenous-peoples-history-of-the-united-states-one-of-two/">One</a> (from 14:43 to 15:31) of <a href="http://podcast.tucradio.org/2015/03/roxanne-dunbar-ortiz-an-indigenous-peoples-history-of-the-united-states-two-of-two/">Two</a> is available from <a href="http://podcast.tucradio.org/">Time of Useful Consciousness Radio</a>). </div> <div style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times;text-align:justify; margin-left:1.5em;margin-right:1.5em;line-height:114%"> From the Author’s Note (page xiii): <br />      “I’ve come to realize that a new periodization of US history is needed that traces the Indigenous experience as opposed to the following standard division: Colonial, Revolutionary, Jacksonian, Civil War and Reconstruction, Industrial Revolution and Gilded Age, Overseas Imperialism, Progressivism, World War I, Depression, New Deal, World War II, Cold War, and Vietnam War, followed by contemporary decades. I altered this periodization to better reflect Indigenous experience but not as radically as needs to be done. This is an issue much discussed in current Native American scholarship. <br />      “I also wanted to set aside the rhetoric of race, not because race and racism are unimportant but to emphasize that Native peoples were colonized and deposed of their territories as distinct peoples - hundreds of nations - not as a racial or ethnic group. "Colonization," "dispossession," "settler colonialism," "genocide" - these are the terms that drill to the core of US history, to the very source of the country’s existence. <br />      “The charge of genocide, once unacceptable by establishment academic and political classes when applied to the United States, has gained currency as evidence of it has mounted, but it is too often accompanied by an assumption of disappearance. So I realized it was crucial to make the reality and significance of Indigenous peoples’ survival clear throughout the book. Indigenous survival as peoples is due to centuries of resistance and storytelling passed through the generations, and I sought to demonstrate that this survival is dynamic, not passive. Surviving genocide, by whatever means, is resistance: non-Indians must know this in order to more accurately understand the history of the United States. <br />      “My hope is that this book will be a springboard to dialogue about history, the present reality of Indigenous peoples’ experience, and the meaning and future of the United States itself.” </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table>  <table width="600" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td> <div style="line-height:70%">   </div> <table bgcolor="#FFFFFF" width="100%" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td colspan="3" height="4" width="100%"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="middle" align="right" width="243"> <span style="font-family:Times, san serif;font-size:18"> welcome to        <br /> <a href="rat_haus.html">rat haus reality</a>      </span> </td> <td width="93" height="70" align="center"> <a href="rat_haus.html"><img alt="rat haus reality" width="93" height="70" src="images/rathaus2.jpg" border="1" /></a> </td> <td valign="middle" align="left" width="243"> <span style="font-family:Times,sans serif;font-size:18">      <a href="rat_haus.html">enter the site</a> </span> </td> </tr> </table> <div style="line-height:70%">   </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a name="HWCUC"></a>  <table width="100%" align="center" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td> <table width="95%" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td> <div style="font-size:10.5pt;text-align:center"> <a href="http://podcast.tucradio.org/">Time of Useful Consciousness Radio</a> </div> <div style="line-height:15%">   </div> <div style="font-size:11.0pt;text-align:center"> p r e s e n t s </div> <div style="line-height:15%">   </div> <div style="font-size:20.0pt;text-align:center"> How the West Caused the Crisis in Ukraine </div> <div style="line-height:50%">   </div> <div style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:10.0pt;text-align:justify; margin-left:0.5em;margin-right:0.5em;line-height:110%;letter-spacing: 0.5px"> <a href="http://podcast.tucradio.org/2015/01/how-the-west-caused-the-crisis-in-ukraine-part-one-john-mearsheimer/">Part ONE: John Mearsheimer</a> </div> <div style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:10.0pt;text-align:justify; margin-left:1.5em;margin-right:0.5em;line-height:110%"> Summary: On January 10, 2015 Evanston Neighbors for Peace organized an event with two eminent speakers, <a href="https://political-science.uchicago.edu/directory/john-mearsheimer">John Mearsheimer</a>, Professor at the University of Chicago and Rick Rozoff the foremost investigator of NATO, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. </div> <div style="line-height:30%">   </div> <div style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:10.0pt;text-align:justify; margin-left:1.5em;margin-right:0.5em;line-height:110%"> In part one Prof. Mearsheimer spoke about the origins of the crisis and how to avert the ever heightening risk of war between the United States and Russia. He gave an update of his acclaimed article in the magazine <i>Foreign Affairs</i>: “<a href="http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/141769/john-j-mearsheimer/why-the-ukraine-crisis-is-the-wests-fault">Why the Ukraine Crisis Is the West’s Fault</a>.” </div> <div style="line-height:30%">   </div> <div style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:10.0pt;text-align:center; margin-left:1.5em;margin-right:0.5em;line-height:110%"> John Mearsheimer is <a href="https://political-science.uchicago.edu/directory/john-mearsheimer">Professor of Political Science</a> and the co-director of <br /> the <a href="http://harris.uchicago.edu/applied-experience/workshops/pisp">Program on International Security Policy</a> at the <a href="http://www.uchicago.edu/">University of Chicago</a>. </div> <div style="line-height:50%">   </div> <div style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:10.0pt;text-align:justify; margin-left:0.5em;margin-right:0.5em;line-height:110%;letter-spacing: 0.5px"> <a href="http://podcast.tucradio.org/2015/01/how-the-west-caused-the-crisis-in-ukraine-part-two-rick-rozoff/">Part TWO: Rick Rozoff</a> </div> <div style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:10.0pt;text-align:justify; margin-left:1.5em;margin-right:0.5em;line-height:110%"> It is widely acknowledged that the expansion eastward of NATO is a major provocation of Russia and a huge and under-reported factor in the origins and the conduct of the war in Ukraine. Few investigative journalists follow the day to day politics of NATO - that are directed largely by the US - as closely as Rick Rozoff. He is the manager of <a href="https://rickrozoff.wordpress.com/">Stop NATO International</a> and has been an active opponent of war, militarism and intervention for over 40 years. He writes on the threat of international militarization and the globalization of NATO. </div> <div style="line-height:50%">   </div> <div style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:10.0pt;text-align:justify; margin-left:0.5em;margin-right:0.5em;line-height:110%;letter-spacing: 0.5px"> <a href="http://podcast.tucradio.org/2015/02/how-the-west-caused-the-crisis-in-ukraine-part-three-john-mearsheimer-qa/">Part THREE: John Mearsheimer - Question & Answer</a> </div> <div style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:10.0pt;text-align:justify; margin-left:1.5em;margin-right:0.5em;line-height:110%"> This is an urgent appeal to pay attention to the crisis in Ukraine where the two largest nuclear powers, the US and Russia are in direct and escalating confrontation. Mearsheimer states emphatically that in the prevailing wisdom in the West, the Ukraine crisis is blamed almost entirely on Russian aggression. But this account is wrong says Mearsheimer: The United States and its European allies share most of the responsibility for the crisis. Questions in this Q & A period range from who engineered the February 2014 Coup in Ukraine, to what role the Neo-Nazis play. </div> <div style="line-height:30%">   </div> <div style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:10.0pt;text-align:center; margin-left:1.5em;margin-right:0.5em;line-height:110%"> Credits: Thanks to Dale Lehman, WZRD Chicago, for the recording </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:70%">   </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a name="JT-AA"></a>  <table align="center" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td bgcolor="#66FFCC"> <table align="center" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td bgcolor="#66FFCC" align="center"> <div style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;text-align:left;line-height:130%"> Imagine running out of imagine <br/> Mistaking authority for power <br/> Weaving lifes free spirit <br/> Into patterns of control </div> <div style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times;text-align:right;line-height:130%"> —<a href="many_worlds/JohnTrudell/index.html">John Trudell</a>, “<a href="many_worlds/JohnTrudell/HumanBeing.html#Iktomi">Iktomi</a>,” </div> <div style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Times;text-align:right;line-height:130%">     <a href="many_worlds/JohnTrudell/MinedMindBook.html"><i>Lines from a Mined Mind</i></a>, p.259 </div> </td> </tr> </table> <div style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Monaco;text-align:center; margin-left:1.5em;margin-right:1.5em;line-height:130%"> find out about the complete 2014 documentary: <br /> <a href="http://aliveinside.us/">Alive Inside - The Story of Music & Memory</a> </div> <div style="line-height:50%">   </div> <div style="font-size:9.8pt;font-family:Times;text-align:justify; margin-left:1.5em;margin-right:1.5em;line-height:130%"> <a href="https://musicandmemory.org/about/leadership/">Dan Cohen</a>, founder of the nonprofit organization <a href="https://musicandmemory.org/">Music & Memory</a>, confronts a broken healthcare system to demonstrate music’s ability to combat memory loss and restore a deep sense of self to those suffering from it. The political system we find ourselves navigating our lives within cannot make life healthier because all such agendas as so-called health care are based on profit, not human needs. </div> <div style="line-height:50%">   </div> </td> </tr> </table>  </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div style="line-height:70%">   </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a name="MLK15thANN"></a>  <table width="97%" align="center" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td> <table width="95%" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td> <div align="center" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;line-height:130%"> 8 December 2014 <br /> <b> Fifteenth Anniversary of Verdict in the Martin Luther King Murder Trial </b> </div> <div align="center" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;line-height:130%"> <u><i>THE</i></u>  Trial of the 20th Century </div> <div style="line-height:50%">   </div> <div style="font-family:Arial Narrow;font-size:10.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height:115%"> F<span style="font-variant:small-caps">ifteen</span> <span style="font-variant:small-caps">years</span> <span style="font-variant:small-caps">ago</span> <span style="font-variant:small-caps">today</span> the jury reached its verdict in the only trial ever held for the murder of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. The trial was conducted in the Circuit Court of Shelby County, Memphis, Tennessee. It began on November 15 and lasted fourteen days. The Plaintiffs were Coretta Scott King, Martin Luther King, III, Bernice King, Dexter Scott King and Yolanda King. The Defendants were Loyd Jowers and Other Unknown Conspirators. This is the most important trial of the 20th century, and yet most people have never heard of it. </div> <div style="line-height:50%">   </div> <div style="font-family:Arial Narrow;font-size:10.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height:115%;letter-spacing:0.5px"> A complete hypertext transcript of the trial is <a href="ratville/JFK/MLKACT/index.html">available here on rat haus reality</a>. A good place to start reading this document are the <a href="ratville/JFK/MLKACT/MLKACTvol14.html#p2160">Closing Statements</a> in <a href="ratville/JFK/MLKACT/MLKACTvol14.html">Volume 14</a>. The <a href="ratville/JFK/MLKACT/PressConference.html">King Family Press Conference</a> held the day after the trial is another starting point. Other than the courtroom participants, only Memphis TV reporter <a href="ratville/JFK/MLKACT/index.html#p2">Wendell Stacy</a> and <a href="ratville/JFK/Unspeakable/index.html">Jim Douglass</a> attended that historic trial from beginning to end. Douglass’ article, “<a href="ratville/JFK/Unspeakable/MLKconExp.html">The Martin Luther King Conspiracy Exposed in Memphis</a>,” published in <a href="http://ctka.net/"><i>Probe Magazine</i></a> in Spring 2000, is an excellent introduction. See also Douglass Valentine’s “<a href="http://www.consortiumnews.com/2000/022100a.html">Who Killed Martin Luther King?</a>” and “<a href="http://www.ctka.net/2012/mlk_decon_kowalski.html">Deconstructing Kowalski</a>,” as well as <a href="ratville/JFK/WFP020403.html">William Pepper’s talk</a> at the Modern Times Bookstore on the release of his book, <i>An Act of State - The Execution of Martin Luther King</i> (Verso, 2003). </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:70%">   </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <table bgcolor="#FFFFFF" width="100%" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td colspan="3" height="4" width="100%"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="middle" align="right" width="243"> <span style="font-family:Times, san serif;font-size:18"> welcome to        <br /> <a href="rat_haus.html">rat haus reality</a>      </span> </td> <td width="93" height="70" align="center"> <a href="rat_haus.html"><img alt="rat haus reality" width="93" height="70" src="images/rathaus2.jpg" border="1" /></a> </td> <td valign="middle" align="left" width="243"> <span style="font-family:Times,sans serif;font-size:18">      <a href="rat_haus.html">enter the site</a> </span> </td> </tr> </table> <div style="line-height:70%">   </div> <a name="JJ47-14"></a>  <table align="center" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td bgcolor="#66FFCC" align="center" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;line-height:130%">   <a href="ratville/JFK/JohnJudge/JohnJudge1947-2014.html">John Judge (1947-2014)</a>   <div style="line-height:20%">   </div> alternate historian, renowned researcher, educator, investigator, advocate for real democracy <hr noshade width="50%" align="center" size="1" /> <div style="text-align:center;font-family:Arial;font-size:10.0pt;letter-spacing:0.25px;line-height:110%"> Remarks delivered at the Celebration of the Life of John Patrick Judge <br /> National Press Club, Washington DC, 31 May 2014 </div> <hr noshade width="20%" align="center" size="1" /> <div style="text-align:center;font-family:Arial;font-size:10.0pt;letter-spacing:0.25px;line-height:110%"> <a href="ratville/JFK/JohnJudge/JJremembrance.html">A Remembrance</a> by David Ratcliife </div> <hr noshade width="20%" align="center" size="1" /> <div style="text-align:center;font-family:Arial;font-size:10.0pt;letter-spacing:0.25px;line-height:110%"> <a href="ratville/JFK/JohnJudge/JJcounterrecruit.html">Countering Military Recruitment</a> by Pat Elder </div> <hr noshade width="50%" align="center" size="1" /> <div style="text-align:center;font-family:Arial;font-size:10.0pt;letter-spacing:0.25px;line-height:110%"> Randy Benson’s video archive dedication of John’s life’s work: <a href="http://thesearchersfilm.com/Judge.html">Judge For Yourself</a> </div> </td> </tr> </table>  </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div style="line-height:50%">   </div> <a name="PMMM-2014"></a>  <table width="100%" align="center" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td align="center"> <a href="http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303448204579335982659523094"> <img alt="Morihiro Hosokawa" title="“I foolishly once believed the myth that nuclear energy is clean and safe. That myth has completely broken down. Restarting nuclear reactors while we still have no place to dispose nuclear waste is a criminal act towards future generations.” —Morihiro Hosokawa, 78th Prime Minister of Japan, January 22, 2014" width="500" height="260" src="radiation/MH.jpg" border="1" /></a> <div style="line-height:50%">   </div> </td> </tr> </table>  </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a name="WWA"></a>  <table align="center" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td bgcolor="#66FFCC" align="center" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;line-height:130%"> back online: <a href="http://worldwatchers.info/"> W<span style="font-variant:small-caps">orldwatchers</span> A<span style="font-variant:small-caps">rchive</span></a> <br /> A Tribute To Mae Brussell <div style="text-align:center;font-family:Arial Narrow;font-size:10.0pt;letter-spacing:0.25px;line-height:100%"> an exemplar and the most prolific anti-fascist political researcher of the latter half of the 20th Century. </div> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:50%">   </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div style="line-height:50%">   </div> <a name="JFK-50th-JUBILEE"></a>  <table width="100%" align="center" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;font-size:10.0pt;letter-spacing:0.3px;line-height:1.1"> “<i>Our weapons dictate what we are to do. They force us into awful corners. <br /> They give us our living, they sustain our economy, they bolster up our politicians, <br /> they sell our mass media, in short we live by them. <br /> But if they continue to rule us we will also most surely die by them.</i>” <br /> Thomas Merton, <a href="http://www.orbisbooks.com/cold-war-letters.html"><i>Cold War Letters</i></a> (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, 2006), p. 65. </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <table width="100%" align="center" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center"> <span style="font-family:Arial Narrow;font-size:9.0pt;line-height:280%"> <b> <a href="ratville/JFK/NotGivePeaceAchance.html">Trying Not To Give Peace A Chance</a>: (The Ukraine in 50 Years of Context) </b> by Ray McGovern, <i>Consortiumnews</i>, 20 Apr 2014 </span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="middle" align="center" width="300"> <span class="uline2" style="font-family:Arial;font-size:18;line-height:130%"> 10 JUNE 1963 </span> <br /> <span style="font-size:18;line-height:190%"> The Real Jubilee </span> <br /> <br /> <span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:24;line-height:140%"> <a href="ratville/JFK/JFKatAUjubilee.html">JFK American University Address:</a> <br /> <a href="ratville/JFK/JFKatAUjubilee.html">Calling For An End To The Cold War</a> </span> </td> <td valign="middle" align="center" width="280"> <a href="ratville/JFK/JFKatAUjubilee.html"><img alt="JFK at American U: call to end the Cold War" width="200" height="165" src="images/JFKatAU.jpg" border="1" /></a> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"> <table width="100%" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td class="quote" style="font-size:10.7pt;letter-spacing:0.74px"> <b> 10 June 2013: </b> Fifty years ago President Kennedy gave the commencement address to the graduating class at American University. In his book, <i>The Improbable Triumvirate: John F. Kennedy, Pope John, Nikita Khrushchev</i>, <i>Saturday Review</i> editor Norman Cousins summed up the significance of that remarkable speech: “At American University on June 10, 1963, President Kennedy proposed an end to the Cold War.” Khrushchev called the American University Address “the greatest speech by any American President since Roosevelt.” This is the real jubilee of 2013, not 22 November. <br /> <div style="text-align:center;font-family:Arial;line-height:270%"> <b> See Also: </b> <a href="ratville/JFK/turning.html">Transformational Journey: John F. Kennedy’s Turning Toward Peace</a> </div> </td> </tr> </table> <div style="line-height:50%">   </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <table width="94%" align="center" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td> <table width="90%" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td> <div style="font-family:Arial;font-size:10.0pt;text-align:center;line-height:125%"> <span style='font-family:"Trebuchet MS",Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.0pt'> L<span style="font-variant:small-caps">earn</span> A<span style="font-variant:small-caps">bout</span> </span> <b><a href="http://projectunspeakable.com/">Project Unspeakable</a></b>: What do the ‘Unspeakable’ 1960s assassinations of JFK, Malcolm X, Martin Luther King, and Bobby Kennedy have to do with the ‘Unspeakables’ of today? An opportunity to join with truth-telling. <br /> <a href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=247967234">‘Project Unspeakable’ Asks The Big Questions</a>, <i>NPR</i>, 30 Nov 2013 (05:33 mins) </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table>  <hr noshade size="1" width="600" /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"> <table bgcolor="#FFFFFF" width="100%" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td colspan="3" height="4" width="100%"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="middle" align="right" width="243"> <span style="font-family:Times, san serif;font-size:18"> welcome to        <br /> <a href="rat_haus.html">rat haus reality</a>      </span> </td> <td width="93" height="70" align="center"> <a href="rat_haus.html"><img alt="rat haus reality" width="93" height="70" src="images/rathaus2.jpg" border="1" /></a> </td> <td valign="middle" align="left" width="243"> <span style="font-family:Times,sans serif;font-size:18">      <a href="rat_haus.html">enter the site</a> </span> </td> </tr> </table> <br /> <a name="WAAOF"></a>  <table bgcolor="#FFFFDD" width="100%" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td colspan="3" height="4" width="100%"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="middle" align="right" width="200" style="font-family:Tahoma;font-size:24.0pt"> <a href="http://www.wherethehellismatt.com/">W<span style='font-variant:small-caps'>e</span> A<span style='font-variant:small-caps'>re</span></a> A<span style='font-variant:small-caps'>ll</span>   </td> <td valign="middle" align="center" width="208"> <iframe width="208" height="117" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Pwe-pA6TaZk" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> </td> <td valign="middle" align="left" width="200" style="font-family:Tahoma;font-size:24.0pt">   O<span style='font-variant:small-caps'>ne </span> F<span style='font-variant:small-caps'>amily</span> </td> </tr> </table>  </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="7" width="100%"> <hr noshade size="1" width="600" /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a name="JRBNR"></a>  <table width="600" align="center" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;font-size:9.0pt;letter-spacing:0.0px;line-height:1.1"> <div style="font-size:13.0pt"> “<a href="https://disarmnowplowshares.wordpress.com/2014/02/19/you-can-jail-the-resisters-but-not-the-resistance/"> Y<span style='font-variant:small-caps'> ou</span> <span style='font-variant:small-caps'>Can</span> J<span style='font-variant:small-caps'>ail</span> T<span style='font-variant:small-caps'>he</span> R<span style='font-variant:small-caps'>esisters</span> B<span style='font-variant:small-caps'>ut</span> N<span style='font-variant:small-caps'>ot</span> T<span style='font-variant:small-caps'>he</span> R<span style='font-variant:small-caps'>esistance</span></a>” <br /> by Leonard Eiger, Ground Zero Center For Nonviolent Action, 21 Feb 2014 </div> <a href="http://www.commondreams.org/view/2014/02/21-3"> <img alt="Plowshares 3" width="545" height="345" src="images/plowshares3.jpg" border="1" /></a> <br /> “<i>We are truly human when we act responsibly to restore harmony and act with love and compassion to restore truth, <br /> transparency and the equitable distribution of the resources endowed by our common Creator.</i>” <br />                                                                 —<a href="http://www.nukeresister.org/2014/03/30/from-irwin-county-detention-center-by-sr-megan-rice/#more-4818">Sister Megan Rice</a> <br /> “<i>We were fulfilling our right and duty according to the US-signed Nuremberg Charter that if one knows of one’s government committing a war crime, one has a right and a duty to take steps to try to stop that crime.</i>” <br />                                                                 —Greg Boertje-Obed <br /> “<i>In heaven Jesus has no arsenal of nuclear weapons. And as we pray in the Our Father prayer: <br /> ‘Here on Earth as it is in heaven.’ ... Nuclear weapons are a product of hell and we need to send them back there.</i>” <br />                                                         —<a href="http://transformnowplowshares.wordpress.com/2014/02/28/michael-walli-reflects-in-verse-from-prison/">Michael Walli</a> <br /> “<a href="http://religionandpolitics.org/2014/01/22/letters-from-a-georgia-jail-anti-nuclear-activists-await-sentencing/">Letters from a Georgia Jail: Anti-Nuclear Activists Await Sentencing</a>,” <br /> by David Cook, <i>Religion & Politics</i>, January 22, 2014 </td> </tr> </table>  </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <br /> <a name="IandS"></a>  <table width="100%" align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td style="font-family:arial narrow;font-size:16.0pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;line-height:150%;letter-spacing:1px;"> Intelligence & Surveillance </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="quote" style="font-size:9.7pt;letter-spacing:0.62px"> “By leaking <a href="http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/multimedia/timeline-edward-snowden-revelations.html">a handful of NSA documents</a>, <a href="https://twitter.com/snowden?lang=en">Edward Snowden</a> has given us a glimpse of future U.S. global policy and the changing architecture of power on this planet.” <div align="right"> <a href="http://www.tomdispatch.com/post/175724/">Surveillance Blowback - The Making of the U.S. Surveillance State, 1898-2020</a>, <br /> by <a href="http://history.wisc.edu/faculty_am.htm">Alfred W. McCoy</a>, <i>TomDispatch.com</i>, 14 Jul 2013 </div>   AND <i><u>must listen</u></i>: <a href="http://www.radio4all.net/index.php/program/69998">35 min. 7/24/13 McCoy I-view</a> on Jeff Blankfort’s <a href="http://www.radio4all.net/index.php/contributor/1752">Takes on the World</a> prog <br />               +  Maria Gilardin’s <a href="http://podcast.tucradio.org/2013/07/alfred-w-mccoy-the-making-of-the-us-surveillance-state/">29 min. broadcast quality production of same</a> from <a href="http://TUCradio.org/">TUCradio.org</a>. <hr noshade size="1" /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-family:arial;font-size:9.4pt;line-height:112%;text-align:justify;letter-spacing:0.7px"> But then it must be asked if we can remove cultural value from one part of our lives without destroying it also in the other parts. Can we justify secrecy, lying, and burglary in our so-called intelligence organizations and yet preserve openness, honesty, and devotion to principle in the rest of our government? Can we subsidize mayhem in the military establishment and yet have peace, order, and respect for human life in the streets? Can we degrade all forms of essential work and yet expect arts and graces to flourish on weekends? And can we ignore all questions of value on the farm and yet have them answered affirmatively in the grocery store and the household? <br />     The answer is that, though such distinctions can be made theoretically, they cannot be preserved in practice. Values may be corrupted or abolished in only one discipline at the start, but the damage must sooner or later spread to all; it can no more be confined than air pollution. If we corrupt agriculture we corrupt culture, for in nature and within certain invariable social necessities we are one body, and what afflicts the hand will afflict the brain. <div align="right"> <a href="http://openlibrary.org/works/OL14862077W/The_Unsettling_of_America"><i>The Unsettling of America: Culture and Agriculture</i></a>, by Wendell Barry <br /> (San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1977), p. 91. </div> <hr noshade size="1" /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="quote" style="font-size:9.7pt;letter-spacing:0.62px"> <table width="274" align="right" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td>    </td> <td width="274" height="146" align="right"> <iframe width="260" height="146" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/0hLjuVyIIrs" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> </td> </tr> </table> <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jun/09/edward-snowden-nsa-whistleblower-surveillance">6 June 2013</a>—Edward Snowden[<a href="http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/multimedia/timeline-edward-snowden-revelations.html">1</a>][<a href="http://www.ub.uio.no/fag/informatikk-matematikk/informatikk/faglig/bibliografier/no21984.html">2</a>][<a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/edward-snowden">3</a>][<a href="http://freesnowden.is/">4</a>]: I’m just another guy who sits there, day to day, in the office, watches what’s happening, and goes, “This is something that’s not our place to decide. The public needs to decide whether <a href="https://archive.org/details/nsia-snowden-documents">these [surveillance] programs and policies</a> are right or wrong.” And I’m willing to go on the record to defend the authenticity of them and say, “I didn’t change these. I didn’t modify the story. This is the truth. This is what’s happening. You should decide whether we need to be doing this.” <br />      Yeah, I could be, you know, rendered by the CIA. I could have people come after me or any of their third-party partners.... And that’s a fear I’ll live under for the rest of my life, however long that happens to be. You can’t come forward against the world’s most powerful intelligence agencies and be completely free from risk, because they’re such powerful adversaries that no one can meaningfully oppose them. If they want to get you, they’ll get you, in time. <hr width="60%" size="1" align="center" /> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-family:arial;font-size:9.4pt;line-height:112%;text-align:justify;letter-spacing:0.7px"> We forget ... that violence is so securely founded among us—in war, in forms of land use, in various methods of economic “growth” and “development”—because it is immensely profitable. People do not become wealthy by treating one another or the world kindly and with respect. Do we not need to remember this? Do we have a single eminent leader who would dare to remind us? <div align="right"> —Wendell Berry, “<a href="http://progressive.org/commerce-of-violence">The Commerce of Violence</a>,” <i>The Progressive</i>, June 2013 </div> </td> </tr> </table>  <div style="line-height:70%">   </div> <table bgcolor="#FFFFFF" width="600" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" summary="Tables on this page are for formatting purposes only"> <tr> <td valign="middle" align="right" width="243"> <span style="font-family:Times, san serif;font-size:18"> welcome to        <br /> <a href="rat_haus.html">rat haus reality</a>      </span> </td> <td width="93" height="70" align="center"> <a href="rat_haus.html"><img alt="rat haus reality" width="93" height="70" src="images/rathaus2.jpg" border="1" /></a> </td> <td valign="middle" align="left" width="243"> <span style="font-family:Times,sans serif;font-size:18">      <a href="rat_haus.html">enter the site</a> </span> </td> </tr> </table> </body> </html>

rat haus reality: exercising our intelligence with clarity & coherence html { -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; } .quote { line-height: 1.12; font-family: Times, sans-serif; text-indent: 0em; text-align: justify; } .ulinedub { border-width: 0.04em 0; padding: 0.17em 0 0em 0; border-style: solid; } .uline2 { border-width: 2px 0px 2px 0px; padding: 2px 0px 2px 0px; border-style: solid; } .oline2 { border-width: 0px 0px 1px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1px 0px; border-style: solid; } .seven { margin-bottom:7px; } .five { margin-bottom:5px; } .noLinkVisual A:link {text-decoration: none; color: black;} .noLinkVisual A:visited {text-decoration: none; color: black;} .noLinkVisual A:active {text-decoration: none; color: black;} .noLinkVisual A:hover {text-decoration: none; color: black;} .LinkVisBlu A:link {text-decoration: none; color: #0000cc;} .LinkVisBlu A:visited {text-decoration: none; color: #0000cc;} .LinkVisBlu A:active {text-decoration: none; color: #0000cc;} .LinkVisBlu A:hover {text-decoration: none; color: red;} [![](ratical-earth-journal.jpg "Welcome to a signpost supporting the human project's creative evolutionary adaptation into our post-industrial epoch")](https://journal.ratical.earth) | | | --- | | Welcome to the Front Door of [ratical.org](rat_haus.html) | | | | --- | | [Antidote to the Hubris of Greed While Living Under Domination](PandemicParallaxView/AntidoteToHubrisOfGreed.html) [Seeing the Maximum Security Establishment Denial System](PandemicParallaxView/AntidoteToHubrisOfGreed.html) [David T. Ratcliffe, *rat haus reality press*, 23 Sep 2023](PandemicParallaxView/AntidoteToHubrisOfGreed.html) Inaugurated in [1995](index1995.html) on the September Equinox, today rat haus reality, ratical branch completes its 28th circle ’round the Sun. Gearing up to enter the 29th year inspired composing this Antidote, an accounting of censored and suppressed truths far too many people have witnessed and gone through since 2020. Tuning in to genuine, trustworthy reporting on and intelligent analysis of the state of our world *is possible* and is being produced by legions of souls operating in their respective divine capacities as independent agents and government watchdogs honoring and serving Life’s needs on Mother Earth. The souls highlighted in this accounting are celebrated for their dedication of bearing witness to and following the polestar of historical truth as it emits a light and illuminates the way we can all likewise be guided by. And in doing so, we can join in the sacred work of supporting the exquisite eons of life exploring itself on our Mother Earth for the seventh generation yet unborn and beyond. | | | | --- | | [Phinance Technologies](PandemicParallaxView/PT-HumanityProjects-INDEX.html) This is an on-going INDEX of the [Humanity Projects](PandemicParallaxView/PT-HumanityProjects-INDEX.html#HPI) being developed at [Phinance Technologies](PandemicParallaxView/PT-HumanityProjects-INDEX.html#PT). Founded in 2022 by [Yuri Nunes](PandemicParallaxView/PT-HumanityProjects-INDEX.html#YN) (Physics PhD), [Carlos Alegria](PandemicParallaxView/PT-HumanityProjects-INDEX.html#CA) (Physics and Finance PhDs), and former Blackrock fund manager and author [Edward Dowd](PandemicParallaxView/PT-HumanityProjects-INDEX.html#ED), the resource includes sweeping multi-level data sets and their ongoing analyses and publication. | | | | --- | | [A Message to Donald Rumsfeld’s Ghost About My Known Knowns](ratville/JFK/MsgToRumsfeldsGhost-KnownKnowns.html) by Edward J. Curtin, Jr., 9 Oct 2023 [Four Died Trying](https://www.fourdiedtrying.com/) Surrounded By a Rogue’s Gallery of US Warfare State Front Men [“[I]it has been very obvious for a very long time that the evidence for United States’ crimes of all sorts has been available to anyone who wished to face the truth. It does not take great expertise, just an eye for the obvious and the willingness to do a little homework.... Donald Rumsfeld, as a key long time insider to U.S. deep state operations, was surely aware of my list of known knowns. He was just one of many such slick talkers involved in demonic U.S. operations that have always been justified, denied, or kept secret by him and his ilk. One does not have to be a criminologist to realize these things.... Despite double-talkers like [Rumsfeld], evidence of decades of U.S. propaganda is easy to see through if one is compelled by the will-to-truth.”](ratville/JFK/MsgToRumsfeldsGhost-KnownKnowns.html) Consider how, it makes not the slightest difference whether Obama, Trump or covid occupy the Oval Office. Things only move in one direction. | | | | --- | | [MEMO to Senator Ron Johnson RE: Evidence of Covid-19 Regulatory Failures, Criminal Wrongdoing and Attempts to Avoid Liability by Senior Executive Service Officials in Multiple Federal Agencies Sasha Latypova and Katherine Watt, *Due Diligence and Art*, 7 Sep 2023](PandemicParallaxView/MEMOsenRJUSGcrime-122222.html) Over the past several years, Sasha Latypova and Katherine Watt have been combining their respective professional skills—[ex-pharmaceutical R&D industry executive and entrepreneur](https://sashalatypova.substack.com/p/be-not-afraid) and [paralegal with research and writing focus on structural analysis of really big lies](https://bailiwicknews.substack.com/about) respectively—to uncover what has occurred regarding what are accurately defined as [demonstration Department of Defense Covid-19 Countermeasures](PandemicParallaxView/MEMOtoSenRJohnson-References+Exhibits/Executive%20Summaries%20of%20Exhibits/DOD%20BARDA%20OTA%20Contracts.pdf). Latypova, Watt and others attended a 13 Dec 2022 zoom call with Senator Ron Johnson (R-WI) scheduled by his staff. The memo and its [775 MB of Countermeasures Evidence References and Exhibits](PandemicParallaxView/MEMOtoSenRJohnson-Refs+Exhibits.html) is based on publicly available sources and document in exhaustive detail how: Americans were misled about all Covid-19 “countermeasures,” including those products marketed as “vaccines.” Covid policy was managed by the National Security Council (NSC) acting on war footing and countermeasures were contracted for by the Department of Defense (DoD) and Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) without ***any*** effective regulatory oversight at any stage along the process. The activities passing as “regulatory processes” appear to have been fraudulent attempts to create color of law and avoid liability for what were clearly criminal acts. These multiple overlapping and mutually reinforcing violations of federal law have imposed serious harms on the American people, including severe injury and death. | | | | --- | | | | welcome to [rat haus reality](rat_haus.html) | [rat haus reality](rat_haus.html) | [enter the site](rat_haus.html) | | | | --- | | [In Our Name:](ratville/JFK/InOurName-MoralConscience.html) [On Exercising Moral Conscience](ratville/JFK/InOurName-MoralConscience.html) [Given US Cluster Munitions to Ukraine](ratville/JFK/InOurName-MoralConscience.html) [The unmitigated evil being carried out IN OUR NAME manifests unbridled malevolence. The justification for the latest unconscionable Jaws-of-Hell-Weapons-to-Ukraine decision and promotion by executive branch, military, intelligence-media, congressional, academia, think-tank talking head “experts” is one more cravenly lethal “policy” laying bare the moral corruption of, in Steven Newcomb’s words, this Empire Domination Model of Christian Discovery. Life-affirming moral conscience is required to pierce the fog of thingism, identify and recognize the life-negating agendas being sold as necessary, and exercise our birthright intelligence to liberate consciousness and protect and defend ***ALL*** Life exploring itself on Mother Earth.](ratville/JFK/InOurName-MoralConscience.html) [A Most Evil Weapon; A Most Heinous Crime](ratville/JFK/2023-07-Laos-UXOsRev.html) [**Tom Greco**: A heinous war crime is about to be committed by a country that purports to be the champion of democracy and human rights. Yes, the US is preparing to send cluster bombs to Ukraine for use in the war against Russia. Do you know the kinds of injuries these weapons cause, that they often fail to explode until much later when innocent civilians accidentally set them off, and that these weapons have been banned by the Geneva Convention signed by 123 countries, but NOT by the US? **Mike Boddington**: This is an interim edition: a bonus, if you will. It is brought about as a result of hearing the news that the USA is to send cluster munitions to Ukraine, in order to continue the support of NATO and the west for that country in its battle against Russia. If this happens it will be the most evil and heinous crime. It will be the act of people who have no care or concern for the lives and welfare of others. By way of response, I am reproducing here an article that I wrote in 2021 entitled ‘An Experience in Your Life’ and which has had limited circulation, but has not aired in this medium. It offers a scenario of a regular, everyday person in SE Asia encountering an unexploded device – here referred to as a cluster sub-munition or bombie.](ratville/JFK/2023-07-Laos-UXOsRev.html) | | | | --- | | [Ending the Domination System](https://hiddenhistorycenter.org/end-the-domination-system-revoke-the-papal-bulls/) [REVOKE The PAPAL BULLS](https://hiddenhistorycenter.org/end-the-domination-system-revoke-the-papal-bulls/) [In response to the Papul Bulls issued 530 years ago today and tomorrow (3 and 4 May 1493)](https://hiddenhistorycenter.org/end-the-domination-system-revoke-the-papal-bulls/) [**A View-from-the-Shore Analysis of the Vatican’s 30 March 2023 Statement on the Doctrine of Discovery**](https://hiddenhistorycenter.org/end-the-domination-system-revoke-the-papal-bulls/) [by Steven Newcomb (Shawnee/Lenape)](many_worlds/StevenNewcomb/index.html) [On 30 March 2022, the Vatican Dicastery for Culture and Education, and the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development, issued a “Joint Statement” on the “Doctrine of Discovery.” The Vatican stopped short of a revocation of the 4 May 1493 papal bull, issuing instead a “repudiation of the doctrine of discovery.”](https://hiddenhistorycenter.org/end-the-domination-system-revoke-the-papal-bulls/) [The context begins with the free existence of our Native nations and peoples, extending back to the beginning of our time through our oral histories and traditions, *contrasted* with the system of domination that was carried by ship across the ocean and imposed on everyone and everything. From that starting point we end up with a non-Christian view-from-the-shore with our Ancestors looking out at the invading ships sailing from Western Christendom, and a view-from-the-ship perspective, with the colonizers moving toward our Ancestors with the intention of establishing the Christian empire’s system of domination where it did not yet exist. Below we discuss the recent Vatican Statement on the Doctrine of Discovery with a view-from-the-shore perspective, while realizing that the Vatican officials wrote their statement with a view-from-the-ship (church) perspective.](https://hiddenhistorycenter.org/end-the-domination-system-revoke-the-papal-bulls/) Steven Newcomb has been researching and decoding the doctrine of Christian Discovery since the 1980s. Together with Birgil Kills Straight, a ceremonial leader of the Oglala Lakota Nation, the [Indigenous Law Institute](http://ili.nativeweb.org/) was founded in 1992 to begin a global campaign to revoke the [4 May 1493 papal bull, *Inter Caetera*](https://ratical.org/many_worlds/StevenNewcomb/#IC05041493), which Pope Alexander VI issued shortly after Columbus returned to Western Christendom from the Bahamas. --- [Ending the Doctrine of Domination](co-globalize/EndingDominationSystem.html) [As we approach 4 July 2023, the challenge remains of understanding how so-called separation of church and state is not reflected in the foundations of U.S. law as well as government claims of sovereignty and title to the land comprising what is today called the United States. Steven Newcomb has been researching and analysing this contradiction since the late 1980s.](co-globalize/EndingDominationSystem.html) | | | | --- | | | | welcome to [rat haus reality](rat_haus.html) | [rat haus reality](rat_haus.html) | [enter the site](rat_haus.html) | | | | --- | | [The Pentagon’s B-Movie](ratville/JFK/Sep11PentagonsBMovie/TitlePage.html) [Looking Closely at the September 2001 Attacks by Graeme MacQueen](ratville/JFK/Sep11PentagonsBMovie/TitlePage.html) [complete eBook, *rat haus reality press*, 15 March 2023](ratville/JFK/Sep11PentagonsBMovie/TitlePage.html) [This eBook by Graeme MacQueen contains a collection of his articles and essays on the attacks of September 11, 2001, the subsequent anthrax attacks, and analyses of other false flag operations. They are profoundly important and shatter the official versions of those events. No one reading this book can come away from it not convinced that the U.S. government is a terrorist state. MacQueen’s conclusions are not based on rhetoric but on a deep empirical analyses, facts not propaganda. With this volume, Graeme MacQueen takes his place alongside David Ray Griffin as a prophet without honor in his own time. History will declare him a hero. To write the Book’s Introduction is a great honor, for my esteem for Graeme and his work is immense.](ratville/JFK/Sep11PentagonsBMovie/TitlePage.html) —[Edward Curtin](https://edwardcurtin.com) | [![](PandemicParallaxView/PandemicParallaxViewHHC-2023.jpg)](PandemicParallaxView/PPV-Details-HHC.html) | | | --- | | [Never Again Is Now Global](PandemicParallaxView/index.html#NAING) A Five-Part Documentary Series by [Vera Sharav](https://ahrp.org/board/vera-sharav/) [*Alliance for Human Research Protection*](https://ahrp.org/), 30 Jan to 3 Feb 2023 [**In Vera Sharav’s words:** During these de-stabilizing three years, I have come to believe, like many other Holocaust survivors, that our survival was for a purpose. Our fear is that we may be the last witnesses who remember how: \* A highly educated society and its exemplary academic, scientific, and cultural institutions were perverted; \* Moral norms and legal safeguards were discarded; \* The fabric of society was torn apart as segments of the population were disqualified; \* Decent people became agents of industrialized mass murder. The survivors and family members in this documentary share their knowledge, and their painful memories of the unprecedented industrial-scale human catastrophe. We believe that the purpose of our survival is not only to remember; but to warn others about how fear and propaganda condition people to follow repressive – even murderous – government dictates. \* We know how the suspension of personal freedom, the suspension of civil rights, and the silencing of dissent, devolve into genocide. Current invocations of “depopulation solutions” are chilling and foreboding. \* Depopulation is invoked to solve supposed problems such as: “limited resources” and “global warming” and “climate change”; \* An unprecedented mandatory vaccination campaign subjected hundreds of millions of people to an experimental, genetically manipulated injectable product; \* The product’s safety and efficacy were untested; \* Its ingredients are top secret; \* And its promoters referred to this vaccine as the “Final Solution” to the pandemic. I interpret these ominous verbal references as veiled codes for another planned human catastrophe. That realization propelled me to embark on a project I had never engaged in before – a documentary with the intention to open people’s minds to the current, ominous, genocidal “solutions” that a band of global oligarchs have set in motion. Another important objective of the documentary was to expose the false narrative that has (for decades) obscured the active participation of multinational corporations, global financiers, and family dynasties – who facilitated and profiteered from the genocidal Nazi regime and its slave labor force. **Never Again is Now Global** is the only documentary dealing with the Holocaust directed by a Holocaust survivor. In addition to survivors, our documentary brings together testimonies of children and grandchildren of survivors and victims; German descendants of victims as well as a grandson of Nazi scientists. The participants who expressed their alarm about the current nefarious global operation include doctors, scientists, a Rabbi, and African American freedom fighters.](PandemicParallaxView/index.html#IFRtranscripts) | | | | --- | | | | welcome to [rat haus reality](rat_haus.html) | [rat haus reality](rat_haus.html) | [enter the site](rat_haus.html) | | | | --- | | [History Will Not Absolve Us](PandemicParallaxView/History-Will-Not-Absolve-Us.html) [Invoke The Bond With Your Creator and Be Liberated From The United States of Denial](PandemicParallaxView/History-Will-Not-Absolve-Us.html) [David T. Ratcliffe, *rat haus reality press*, 21 Dec 2022](PandemicParallaxView/History-Will-Not-Absolve-Us.html) Bob Moran: **Not Our Future** [The consequence of the Doctrine of Domination is the increasing-to-the-breaking-point concentration of financial wealth and exercise of control in fewer and fewer hands. The Domination System Original Free Peoples have been dealing with for over 500 years is now coming after the 99%. We are confronted with a global spiritual world war of unbridled dimensions, ever more treacherous given its purpose is cloaked in the false promise of biosecurity. Everyone’s birthright of free will, exercising one’s unique wisdom and intelligence, is in danger of being subjugated, captured, vanquished, and, as has already occurred for many people, being extinguished and killed. Every person on Mother Earth has extraordinary gifts and powers, gifted by one’s Creator, to meet the challenges our species collectively faces. Once the numbing mind-fog spell of fear is faced and understood, there are no limits to what can be imagined and acted upon to contribute to discovering unknown possibilities of manifesting life-affirming processes that meet the needs of all.](PandemicParallaxView/History-Will-Not-Absolve-Us.html) | | | | --- | | [**Steven T. Newcomb** Shawnee-Lenape Scholar and Author](many_worlds/StevenNewcomb/index.html) [**“The words that we use, create and maintain the reality that we experience.”**](many_worlds/StevenNewcomb/index.html) [Steven Newcomb’s decades-long research](many_worlds/StevenNewcomb/index.html) on the roots and contemporary patterns of the Domination System, are traced from 15th century Vatican papal documents, thru the 1823 US Supreme Court ruling, [*Johnson v McIntosh*](many_worlds/StevenNewcomb/index.html#JvMcI), which incorporated those patterns into US property law, to the present day. In his 2008 book, [*Pagans in the Promised Land: Decoding the Doctrine of Discovery*](many_worlds/StevenNewcomb/index.html#PitPL) Newcomb demonstrates how US government officials have used religious concepts of Christendom, often unconsciously, to justify the taking of Native American lands and to deny the independence of Original Free Nations. Uncovering the way in which the conceptions of [Doctrines of Domination](many_worlds/StevenNewcomb/PagansInThePromisedLand-040512.html#DoD) fit together, Newcomb describes what he terms a [Protocol of Domination Vocabulary](many_worlds/StevenNewcomb/PagansInThePromisedLand-040512.html#PDV). A seed of the present day Domination System is the [*Dum Diversas* papal bull of 1452](https://doctrineofdiscovery.org/dum-diversas/), issued by Pope Nicholas V to King Alphonso of Portugal, which authorizes the King to “invade, capture, vanquish, and subdue all Saracens, pagans and other enemies of Christ ... to reduce their persons to perpetual slavery ... and to take away all their possessions and property and to convert their possessions and properties.” | | | | --- | | | | welcome to [rat haus reality](rat_haus.html) | [rat haus reality](rat_haus.html) | [enter the site](rat_haus.html) | | | | --- | | [Open Letter to Oliver Stone On the Wisdom of Pursuing Nuclear Power by David T. Ratcliffe, *rat haus reality press*, 8 Jul 2022](radiation/OpenLetterToOliverStoneOnN-power.html) [In mid-May I heard Oliver Stone interviewed by Lex Fridman focusing on Ukraine. Near the beginning, for 12+ minutes, Oliver Stone talks about nuclear power and a new documentary he is finishing up. As he puts it, “nuclear energy is going to end the dominance of oil ... because it’s the only sane way for the world to proceed.” I was intrigued and concerned about Stone's reasoning for advocating nuclear power and decided to write an Open Letter to present a differing perspective on the risks and consequences of pursuing nuclear power as our species' primary energy source. My hope is to provoke how all of us think about the unlimited energy we are used to having at our finger tips and, as Richard Heinberg wrote in 2003, how “each [U.S.] American has the equivalent of over 150 ‘energy slaves’ working for us 24 hours each day. In energy terms, each middle-class American is living a lifestyle so lavish as to make nearly any sultan or potentate in history swoon with envy.”](radiation/OpenLetterToOliverStoneOnN-power.html) | | | | --- | | [John Mearsheimer *et al*: Why The West’s Strategy in Ukraine Is So Dangerous](ratville/JFK/MearsheimerUkraine.html) [While Western corporate/state press is engaged in an extremely dangerous propaganda narrative, the war in Ukraine is, in fact, a proxy war between the U.S. and Russia. Professor John Mearsheimer predicted this crisis in 2015. In April he said the war in Ukraine is “the most dangerous crisis since the Second World War” and is “more dangerous that the [1962] Cuban crisis”. Mearsheimer’s analysis is: given that both Russia and the U.S. are determined to “win” this war, the risk of nuclear escalation rises to unthinkable levels when two nuclear powers decide losing is not an option.](ratville/JFK/MearsheimerUkraine.html) | | | | --- | | [On The Edge of a Nuclear Abyss](ratville/JFK/EdgeOfNuclearAbyss.html) [by Edward Curtin, 10 March 2022](ratville/JFK/EdgeOfNuclearAbyss.html) [WHICH ONE’S GRAVE? End of Warfare or End of Civilization? *Chicago Tribune*, 12 August 1945](ratville/JFK/EdgeOfNuclearAbyss.html) [It is very hard to accept that the leaders of your own country commit and contemplate unspeakable evil deeds and that they wish to control your mind. To contemplate that they might once again use nuclear weapons is unspeakable but necessary if we are to prevent it. Beware, we are on the edge of a nuclear abyss.](ratville/JFK/EdgeOfNuclearAbyss.html) | | | | --- | | | | welcome to [rat haus reality](rat_haus.html) | [rat haus reality](rat_haus.html) | [enter the site](rat_haus.html) | | | | --- | | [Pandemic Parallax View](PandemicParallaxView/index.html) [parallax [*par*-uh-laks] *noun*: the apparent displacement of an observed object due to a change in the position of the observer](PandemicParallaxView/index.html) [Gall-Peters Projection of Mother Earth](https://youtu.be/vVX-PrBRtTY) Highlights [“The Psychiatry of COVID-19” - A Conversation with Dr. Emanuel Garcia](PandemicParallaxView/index.html#PonP-E27)Episode 27: Perspectives on the Pandemic, 6 Jul 2022 Mark Crispin Miller: [In Memory of Those Who Have “Died Suddenly”](PandemicParallaxView/InMemoryOfAllWhoHaveDiedSuddenly.html) [CDC Admits Once and for All It Has No Basis for Its Claim That COVID-19 Vaccines Do Not Cause Variants](https://www.icandecide.org/ican_press/cdc-admits-once-and-for-all-it-has-no-basis-for-its-claim-that-covid-19-vaccines-do-not-cause-variants/) Informed Consent Action Network (ICAN), 20 Jun 2022 [Great Reset Playbook: Ukraine](PandemicParallaxView/index.html#GRPU) [With every mistake, we must surely be learning](https://dennisriches.wordpress.com/2021/12/29/with-every-mistake-we-must-surely-be-learning/)Dennis Riches, *Lit By Imagination*, 29 Dec 2021 [International Grand Jury ProceedingThe Peoples’ Court of Public Opinion](PandemicParallaxView/GrandJury-CourtOfPublicOpinion.html) Convened 5 Feb 2022 [How to BLAST your way to the truth about the origins of COVID-19](https://archive.fo/2022.01.16-162106/https://arkmedic.substack.com/p/how-to-blast-your-way-to-the-truth#selection-261.0-261.15) Using BLAST is easy. I’m going to show you how easy and how to prove that SARS-Cov-2 is man-made Dr Ah Kahn Syed, 28 Dec 2021 [What if the largest experiment on human beings in history is a failure?](https://rwmalonemd.substack.com/p/what-if-the-largest-experiment-on) A report from an Indiana life insurance company raises serious concerns. Robert Malone, MD, MS, 2 Jan 2022 [Australian Elders Jubullum Message to All Peoples: Your DNA Is Sacred](PandemicParallaxView/AustralianEldersJubullum.html), 17 Oct 2021 [Conscience and The Nuremberg CodeInformed Consent, Censorship, and Inalienable Rights](PandemicParallaxView/Conscience-and-The-Nuremberg-Code.html) David Ratcliffe, *rat haus reality press*, 19 Oct 2021 ongoing compilation: [Lawsuits Challenging Covid-19 False Claims](PandemicParallaxView/Lawsuits-C19-False-Claims.html) [Children’s Health Defense Responds to Biden’s ‘Declaration of War Against Unvaccinated’](https://childrenshealthdefense.org/defender/mary-holland-chd-bidens-war-against-unvaccinated/) *In a “deeply disturbing” speech last week, President Biden exhorted medical coercion of an experimental gene therapy for a virus with a 99% survival rate for a large portion of the population, and for which no one bears financial liability in cases where injuries or deaths occur.* Mary Holland, President & General Counsel, *Children’s Health Defense*, 13 Sep 2021 [Justus R Hope MD: Ivermectin Represents Human Rights](PandemicParallaxView/JustusRHope-IVMrepsHumanRights.html) [Open Letter and Challenge for Rachel Maddow Ivermectin: Truth or Consequences](PandemicParallaxView/IvermectinChallenge4RachelMaddow.html) Diane Perlman, 2 Sep 2021 [Gold Standard Covid Science in Practice An Interdisciplinary Symposium Calling for Immediate Intervention](PandemicParallaxView/GSCSP-CallForImmedIntervention.html) Organized by Doctors for Covid Ethics, Hosted by *UK Column*, 29-30 July [How Real Science became Fake News](https://experimentalfrontiers.scienceblog.com/2021/06/29/how-real-science-became-fake-news/) *Thirty years ago, the man who taught me quantum mechanics at Harvard wrote that the suppression of debate will be the ‘death of science’. Perhaps he saw the shape of things to come.* Josh Mitteldorf, *Experimental Frontiers*, 29 Jun 2021 [What I Know and Don’t Know about SARS-Cov-2 Virus](http://edwardcurtin.com/what-i-know-and-dont-know-about-sars-cov-2-virus/) Edward Curtin, *Behind the Curtain*, 19 June 2021 [Indian Bar Association Serves Legal Notice on WHO’s Chief Scientist for Ivermectin Disinformation and Suppression of Evidence in India](PandemicParallaxView/Lawsuits-C19-False-Claims.html#AL-IBA), 9 Jun 2021 [Systematically Flawed Mortality Statistics Should Not Be Guiding Science, Medicine or Public Policy](https://www.greenmedinfo.com/blog/systematically-flawed-mortality-statistics-should-not-be-guiding-science-medicine1) An Evidence Based Postion Presented By A Former Death Certificate Clerk Joy Fritz, *GreenMedinfo*, 20 Apr 2021 [Data Disaster: A Call for an Investigation Into the CDC’s Conduct During Covid-19](PandemicParallaxView/DataDisaster-SfHF.html) Stand for Health Freedom Panel, 17 Feb 2021 [Catherine Austin Fitts: Mr Global’s Bid for Economic Totalitarianism and Transhumanism – IF We Allow It](PandemicParallaxView/CAF-MrGlobal.html) *Planet Lockdown Film* Interview, mid August 2020 [The Fourth Industrial Revolution and the Global Technocratic Takeover with Alison McDowell](PandemicParallaxView/AlisonMcDowell-4thIndustrialRev.html) Jason Bosch Interview, 17 May 2020 “**Lockdown only pushes the severe cases into the future – it will not prevent them**” —[Prof. Johan Giesecke](PandemicParallaxView/index.html#LD-JG) | | | | --- | | [Collapsologie Immersion](Collapsologie/index.html) [The End Is The Beginning](Collapsologie/index.html) [late to the game and eager to learn:](Collapsologie/index.html) [Can we seed future successor-cultures in time?](Collapsologie/index.html) Collapsologie is the study and elaboration of how industrial civilization as we know it collapses and if it does, what will replace it. Industrial civilization is the use of machinery powered by electricity or any form of energy to carry out various activities. Collapsologie is a neologism developed by Pablo Servigne and Raphaël Stevens in [their 2015 book](https://pabloservigne.com/comment-tout-peut-seffondrer/). In [an interview](Collapsologie/MosaicOfCollapses.html), recalling all the data and increasingly disturbing scientific alarms, the authors are calling for an end to denial: “we accept that disasters can occur: they are looming, we must look at them with courage, eyes wide open. To be a catastrophist is neither to be pessimistic nor optimistic, it is to be lucid.” | | | | --- | | | | welcome to [rat haus reality](rat_haus.html) | [rat haus reality](rat_haus.html) | [enter the site](rat_haus.html) | | | | --- | | [Chernobyl: Understanding Consequences of Playing With The Poison Fire](radiation/Chernobyl/index.html) [In the Sept 1986 American Chemical Society Symposium on Low-Level Radiation, John W. Gofman, M.D., Ph.D., describing what was then, The Single Most Serious Industrial Accident Ever, stated:](radiation/Chernobyl/index.html) [It is correct to say that a single event—the Chernobyl accident—has caused between 600,000 and a million cases of cancer and leukemia. The radio-cesiums are on the ground, and humans are committed to receive the doses from them. To the extent that a share of the dose has already been received, a share of the malignancies is already underway, even though they will not become manifest, clinically, for years.... We can predict with high confidence that an honest study of the proposed population sample will simply confirm—but decades from now—the magnitude of radiation production of cancer, a magnitude we know quite well prior to such a study.... The existing human evidence provides a solid basis for assessing the Chernobyl toll. The credible lower-limit of malignancies from the cesium fallout is approximately 640,000 cases, and a credible upper-limit is probably 1,600,000 malignancies.](radiation/Chernobyl/index.html) [23 years later, Dr. Gofman’s projections were borne out with the compendium release of *Chernobyl: Consequences of the Catastrophe for People and the Environment* (Annals of New York Academy of Sciences, Vol 1181, Dec 2009) which concluded 985,000 people died between 1986 and 2004 as a result of biosphere contamination of radioactive matter released from the detonation of Unit 4’s reactor core. The Chernobyl and Fukushima catastrophes have caused, are causing, and will continue to cause living and dying agony and nightmares for untold generations and millenia. The purpose of this archive of historically significant source materials is to assist younger people—and as many others as possible—in learning about our true history, how our world actually operates, and re-mind how we must collectively weigh the consequences of *every decision* our species makes, reflecting on and being informed by the vital numinous awareness that all Life is sacred, and that the needs of the future, of all life yet unborn, must guide every choice and decision made in the present.](radiation/Chernobyl/index.html) | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **10 June 2019: 56 Years On & Inauguration of [ratical earth journal](https://journal.ratical.earth)** | | | | --- | --- | | [In our quest for a different vision and path for the U.S. and the world, it is critical to educate ourselves about a 12 month period from the fall of 1962 into the fall of ’63, when President John F. Kennedy was assassinated. Very few are aware of this year in U.S. history. During this period the U.S. took a fundamentally different approach to the ‘Cold War,’ nuclear weapons, nuclear war, and the conflict with what was then the Soviet Union. This was the result of a radical change in U.S. policy, because of the dramatic shift in President Kennedy’s thinking after he had endured the Cuban Missile Crisis. Speaking 56 years ago about U.S. relations with the Soviet Union in his American University Address, Kennedy’s insights are today ever more relevant regarding U.S.-Russia relations and the inescapable reality of our species’ oneness:](radiation/NotMerelyPeaceForUS.html) | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | --- | | [“...in the final analysis, our most basic common link is that we all inhabit this small planet. We all breathe the same air. We all cherish our children’s futures. And we are all mortal.”](ratville/JFK/HWNAU/JFK061063.html) [President John F. Kennedy 10 June 1963](ratville/JFK/HWNAU/JFK061063.html) | | | [Today also marks the inauguration of *ratical earth journal* (*REJ*), chronicling key incoherence indicators of our life out of balance that calls for another way of living—including nuclear contamination of the biosphere and global overheat—requiring transformational adaption through our single human family’s collective creativity, imagination, intuition, and intelligence. In addition, focus celebrates exercising our intelligence with clarity and coherence.](https://journal.ratical.earth) | | | | | --- | | [breakdown = Strange Fruit of Capitalism’s Invisible Army: A Heritage of Stone breakthru = Shifting from Domination to Partnership via eXtinction Rebellion](ratville/JFK/DtoPviaXR.html) [In concert with its creation of Capitalism’s Invisible Army, LAWCAP’s decision at the close of the 1940s to start World War III in order to keep capitalism in business resulted in our illegitimate corporate state both being wedded to denial of increasing global overheat, one of the vilest deceptions in history, and our unaccountable U.S. Intelligence Police operating beyond the strictures of law, as formal federal policy, by daily committing several hundred crimes including terrorism, assassination, torture, and systematic violations of human rights. A primary root of this mind-bending criminal government lawlessness is a direct result and outgrowth of the assassination of President Kennedy by key elements within our Intelligence Police. Our law-breaking, illegitimate government continues to exponentially expand its death operations via policies carried out by CIA and Pentagon-based funding. For our species to survive this evolutionary moment, it is imperative to accelerate the shift from this collapsing dominator system to one based on partnership. As co-creators of our own evolution, we can choose the alternative of break*through* rather than breakdown.](ratville/JFK/DtoPviaXR.html) [Willful U.S. criminal inaction on the ecological crisis threatening Life Security throughout Mother Earth requires non-violent rebellion to change course away from the dead-end future of a mass extinction event while determining what options still exist to be acted upon in the face of this unfolding crisis era of ecological emergency we are by day sinking evermore deeply into. The requirement for this regenerative process of collective involvement in a truly democratic dynamic to determine best strategies to deal with and respond to the climate and ecological emergency becoming evermore dire can be a driver and catalyst for accelerating the shift from domination to partnership.](ratville/JFK/DtoPviaXR.html) | | | | --- | | | | welcome to [rat haus reality](rat_haus.html) | [rat haus reality](rat_haus.html) | [enter the site](rat_haus.html) | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | [Losing Earth? Realign with Original Free Peoples’ Great Law and Find Her Again](co-globalize/IndigenousWisdomGreatLaw.html) [18 November 2018](co-globalize/IndigenousWisdomGreatLaw.html) [Oren Lyons](http://www.urbanagricultureinitiative.com/oren_r_lyons) [Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz](http://reddirtsite.com/) [The law prevails, what we call the Great Law, the common law, the natural law. The law says if you poison your water, you’ll die. The law says that if you poison the air, you’ll suffer. The law says if you degrade where you live, you’ll suffer. The law says all of this. If you don’t learn that then you can only suffer. There’s no discussion with this law.](co-globalize/IndigenousWisdomGreatLaw.html) [—Oren Lyons, Faithkeeper, Chief, Onondaga, 1991](co-globalize/IndigenousWisdomGreatLaw.html) [Indigenous peoples offer possibilities for life after empire, possibilities that neither erase the crimes of colonialism nor require the disappearance of the original peoples colonized under the guise of including them as individuals.](co-globalize/IndigenousWisdomGreatLaw.html) [—Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz, 2014](co-globalize/IndigenousWisdomGreatLaw.html) [Steven Newcomb](http://ili.nativeweb.org/) [John Trudell](https://www.johntrudell.com/) [This work is about the liberation of our nations and peoples from the behavioral patterns and language system of domination. It is about restoration and healing for our nations and peoples based on our love of and spiritual connection to the land, our languages, our sacred and ceremonial places, and our original free and independent existence as nations extending back before a Western notion of time.](co-globalize/IndigenousWisdomGreatLaw.html) [—Steven Newcomb, 2018](co-globalize/IndigenousWisdomGreatLaw.html) | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | [We are a part of the memories of evolution These memories carry knowledge These memories carry our identity Beneath race, gender, class, age Beneath citizen, business, state, religion We are human beings](co-globalize/IndigenousWisdomGreatLaw.html) | | [And these memories Are trying to remind us Human beings, human beings It’s time to rise up Remember who we are](co-globalize/IndigenousWisdomGreatLaw.html) [—John Trudell, 2001](co-globalize/IndigenousWisdomGreatLaw.html) | --- [A fundamental blindspot in U.S. society revolves around the question: *Where did all this land we call the United States come from?* The ongoing legacy of denial of how what is today called the United States came to be and how that has played out over 400-plus years into the 21st century postpones life -nurturing and -respecting timelines from manifesting. Extraordinary possibilities exist for life after empire, provided we as the inheritors of the Empire Domination Model of Christianity are willing to redeem the consequences of the past evermore becoming present. Genocide, dispossession, colonization, forms the core of U.S. history, the very source of the country’s existence. Will it be the future as well? The choice is ours. An analysis of the steadfast denial of the actual foundations and development of U.S. society and culture is explored here with regard to the catastrophic, accelerating changes to Earth’s climate reaching critical mass in recent decades. The way forward requires reestablishing adherence to the Great Law, of reawakening to the spiritual reality of Earth, of Life itself, and throughout the seasons conducting ceremonies of thanksgiving for the Life-giving energies Earth bestows upon all of Creation.](co-globalize/IndigenousWisdomGreatLaw.html) | | | | --- | | [Toward a Paradigm Change for Mother Earth Understanding the Empire Domination Model of Christianity: A Way of Liberation Steven Newcomb Delivers Keynote on Original Free Nations and Peoples](co-globalize/ParadigmChg4MotherEarth.html) [Spotlight of Indigenous Peoples Plenary, 2015 Parliament of the World’s Religions, 19 Oct 2015](co-globalize/ParadigmChg4MotherEarth.html) [Steven Newcomb at 2015 Parliament of World Religions](co-globalize/ParadigmChg4MotherEarth.html) [I want to acknowledge the ancestors who have loved the land through ceremonial conduct and prayers, based on their insight about the need for sacred relations with Mother Earth, with pristine Waters, and with Life in all its forms and manifestations. I want to acknowledge the original free and independent existence of our Nations and Peoples extending back to the beginning of time through our oral histories and our oral traditions. Yesterday I listened with interest to the plenary session on climate change. It occurred to me that working on climate change without working on Paradigm Change would be a grave mistake. We need a mental and behavioral shift away from the prevailing paradigm of domination, dehumanization, and greed, the symptoms of which are everywhere on planet Earth, our Mother. More than five centuries ago, various popes in Rome, on behalf of Christendom, unleashed the paradigm I’m talking about. It may surprise you to learn that the Empire Domination Model of Christianity was woven by jurists into the laws and policies of the United States, and into the laws and policies of many other countries, such as Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. That hidden code of Christian Empire has worked for more than five centuries toward the dissolution of our Original Nations and Peoples here on Great Turtle Island and Abya Yala to the south.... We invite you to walk with us on the Sacred Path, in honor of the first principle of our Original Nations: “Respect the Earth as our Mother and have a Sacred Regard for All Living Things.” End the domination. All Our Relations. Wanishi.](co-globalize/ParadigmChg4MotherEarth.html) | | | | --- | | [Oren Lyons: On The Indigenous View of the World](many_worlds/6Nations/OrenLyons-IndigenousWorldView.html) [Interview conducted by Leila Conners for The 11th Hour Research Tapes (2006)](many_worlds/6Nations/OrenLyons-IndigenousWorldView.html) [Oren Lyons](many_worlds/6Nations/OrenLyons-IndigenousWorldView.html) [We always said that we have been told and understand that we’re relatives. Where our white brother will talk about water and trees and animals and fish as resources we talk about them as relatives. That’s a whole different perspective. If you think that they’re relatives and you understand that then you’re going to treat them differently.](many_worlds/6Nations/OrenLyons-IndigenousWorldView.html) --- [[The Peacemaker] said that this Tree of Peace is a spiritual law and represents a spiritual law and the spiritual law is the law of Nature. He told us explicitly, Never challenge this law because you cannot prevail. You will not prevail; wrap your laws, your rules, and your conduct. He said, You, the leaders, when you’re weak as a human being, he said, this tree will give your spine strength. Wrap yourself around this tree because it’s powerful. Do not challenge the laws of Nature because you cannot, you will not, prevail.](many_worlds/6Nations/OrenLyons-IndigenousWorldView.html) --- [There’s a great imbalance of humanity on this Earth and the natural laws don’t abide that. Just the quality of life that comes from all the beings that are here, they’ll be denied our grandchildren. We’re destroying their well-being. We’re really destroying the efforts that they can put forward if they have the respect and knowledge. This style of talking and observation, they tell me, it’s not realistic in today’s times. I suppose not if you’re thinking in terms of Wall Street and you’re thinking in terms of power and authority. But in the long run it is absolutely the law.](many_worlds/6Nations/OrenLyons-IndigenousWorldView.html) --- [Mother Earth has laws and rules and one of them is balance. She will keep the balance regardless. If an element is out of balance, like the population of human beings on this Earth, She will balance it. How She does that we may not like. Most likely it’ll come with disease and this will be very democratic. It will go across people’s lives. It will go across leaders. It will go across everything because really there’s no mercy in Nature. There’s only the law and the rule. I think that’s where we fail and we’re way, way away from that.](many_worlds/6Nations/OrenLyons-IndigenousWorldView.html) --- [This world has to understand the importance of sharing. I know that in the structure of the United States it’s very contrary to that as people are not instructed to share. They’re instructed to gain. They’re instructed to hold to themselves. They’re instructed to gather unto themselves. And they’re rewarded for that. So you have an instruction that’s contrary, very contrary, to this whole concept, if indeed this is what you think is right. But this, I’m simply telling you what our instructions are. Operating under this, I’ve traveled to Indian Nations across North America and Central America. I’m invited to the ceremonies and I always know what’s going on. I may not understand the language and the dances may be different. But I know what is being said. It’s always the same: Thanksgiving to the Creation. Thanksgiving to the life-giving forces of the Earth.](many_worlds/6Nations/OrenLyons-IndigenousWorldView.html) | | | | --- | | | | welcome to [rat haus reality](rat_haus.html) | [rat haus reality](rat_haus.html) | [enter the site](rat_haus.html) | | | | --- | | [**Taking Back Our History** – A Key Element in The Big Picture](ratville/JFK/Postscript1968-Episode9.html) [27 July 2018](ratville/JFK/Postscript1968-Episode9.html) **William Pepper**: The magistrate, in his own report, admits that Sirhan was in front of Bob Kennedy; *in front of him*. Proving our case that Sirhan could not possibly have shot Bob from the rear. [The evidence is there](http://williampepper.com/documents.html). Anyone wants to see it, anyone who wants to look at it, they can. We urge everyone to do that. The question is how long will they be allowed to cover this up? Will it be covered up throughout all of history? That’s really what the goal is.... These two political assassinations have determined the course of history like no other in our lifetime, indeed perhaps in the history of this Republic.... Political assassinations have existed throughout all of the history of human society. It’s an ultimate tactic that is used when you cannot co-opt, compromise, or control in some way a leader or an emerging dissenting force. The ultimate way of stopping that individual, of course, is through assassination. In the ’60s we saw four of those. **Jim Douglass**: Martin Luther King had a vision for Humanity: the Beloved Community of a just and peaceful global society and he was prepared to move toward that as he said in his [CBC lectures in 1967 where he articulated his final vision](ratville/JFK/Postscript1968-Episode9.html#MLK-1967-MasseyLectures). It was published as a book after his death, *The Trumpet of Conscience*. He said he was hoping to bring whole cities to a halt, beginning with Washington D.C., through massive nonviolent civil disobedience until poverty could be eliminated from not only the United States but from other parts of the world and war and injustice. [He had a big vision](ratville/JFK/Unspeakable/KingAndTheCross.html#Rfn5). That was really the beginning of my investigation. The impact that King’s assassination had on my life and the recognition that his vision, a hopeful, a nonviolent, a redemptive vision for all of humanity, it went to the point where the powers that be were not going to allow it to be carried out. That’s why we should be demanding that the truth be recognized and spoken. | | | | --- | | [John Judge at home, June 7, 2011](ratitorsCorner/06.21.18.html) [*This One’s For John* – **Hidden History Center Upgrade**](ratitorsCorner/06.21.18.html) [21 June 2018](ratitorsCorner/06.21.18.html) [“Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. said there are three pillars that hold up the current system of domestic oppression: poverty, racism and militarism. In order to have real democracy, economic justice, peace and a unified society, we have to both envision our own liberation in our time and take back our history, power and moral integrity.](ratitorsCorner/06.21.18.html) [“The reason Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. King were both loved and hated, both followed and murdered had to do with their use of “satygraha” or truth force and “ahimsa” or nonviolent harmlessness. These powerful tools moved them outside the control game that has secured privilege for a few over millenia.”](ratitorsCorner/06.21.18.html) [—John Judge, September 1, 2001](ratitorsCorner/06.21.18.html) [This is an invitation to rededicate ourselves to envision our own liberation and take back our history, power, and moral integrity.](ratitorsCorner/06.21.18.html) [We Are Children Of Earth & Sky](ratitorsCorner/06.21.18.html) | | | | --- | | | | welcome to [rat haus reality](rat_haus.html) | [rat haus reality](rat_haus.html) | [enter the site](rat_haus.html) | | | | --- | | [Help STOP Nuclear War Before It’s Too Late](radiation/STOP-NwarB4tooLate.html) [*We all have a part to play*](radiation/STOP-NwarB4tooLate.html) [4 April 2018](radiation/STOP-NwarB4tooLate.html) [“Never have the nations of the world had so much to lose, or so much to gain. Together we shall save our planet, or together we shall perish in its flames. Save it we can—and save it we must—and then shall we earn the eternal thanks of mankind and, as peacemakers, the eternal blessing of God.”](radiation/STOP-NwarB4tooLate.html) [—President John F. Kennedy, UN General Assembly, 25 Sep 1961](radiation/STOP-NwarB4tooLate.html) [The increasing likelihood of nuclear war—not by miscalculation nor by accident, but by the collective madness of people leading and promoting the U.S. war machine, in concert with mainstream media malpractice—is THE supreme threat to all life on Earth. 50 years ago today the ultimate sacrifice was made by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., one of the 20th century’s greatest peacemakers. King gave his life championing the world’s poor by opposing the greatest purveyor of violence on Earth—his own government. Calls for “honoring Dr. King” betray his life’s purpose if they do not steadfastly sound the alarm that the push by the West for war with Russia, which is a mass extinction event waiting to happen.](radiation/STOP-NwarB4tooLate.html) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | [Nuclear Weapons - The Ultimate Evil Time’s Up to Kick The Habit](radiation/BftB/index.html) | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | [Castle Romeo 4 megaton nuclear detonation, Bikini Atoll sacrifice, 1954](radiation/BftB/NuclearDeathStar.html) | [Mother and child dead on platform at Urakami station ~1 km near Nagasaki epicenter, 10 August 1945; credit: Yosuke Yamahata](radiation/BftB/Nagasaki+Hiroshima.html) | [Kick The Habit, Rob Wout aka Opland, 1981](radiation/BftB/NuclearSwordOfDamocles.html) | “Nine nations still threaten to incinerate entire cities, to destroy life on earth, to make our beautiful world uninhabitable for future generations. *The development of nuclear weapons signifies not a country’s elevation to greatness, but its descent to the darkest depths of depravity. These weapons are not a necessary evil; they are the ultimate evil*.” —Setsuko Thurlow, Hiroshima survivor, [speaking 10 Dec 2017](radiation/BftB/SetsukoThurlow.html) on behalf of the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons, recipient of the 2017 Nobel Peace Prize [The Ultimate Necessityof an International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons](radiation/BftB/ICneededToAbolishNweps.html) Eli Martin Schotz, M.D., February 2018 “Any talk today of preventing a nuclear war misses the point that we are actually in a nuclear war right now. The question is not how can we prevent a nuclear war, but how will the nuclear war end? Will it end with the weapons abolishing mankind, or will mankind end this war by abolishing nuclear weapons? Just as war is a process, so is peace. Peace is a process of educating people about nuclear war, helping them organize against this war.” [Back from the Brink ~ The Call to Prevent Nuclear War](radiation/BftB/CallToPreventNuclearWar.html) We call on the United States to lead a global effort to prevent nuclear war by: | | | | --- | --- | | • | renouncing the option of using nuclear weapons first | | • | ending the sole, unchecked authority of any President to launch a nuclear attack | | • | taking US nuclear weapons off hair-trigger alert | | • | cancelling the plan to replace its entire arsenal with enhanced weapons | | • | actively pursuing a verifiable agreement among nuclear armed states to eliminate their nuclear arsenals | [Back from the Brink ~ Critical Analysis, Resources, Updates](radiation/BftB/BackFromTheBrink.html) | | | | --- | | | | welcome to [rat haus reality](rat_haus.html) | [rat haus reality](rat_haus.html) | [enter the site](rat_haus.html) | | | | --- | | [The Truth of The Children of Vietnam: A Way of Liberation](ratville/JFK/CoV-JFK-MLK-WFP.html) [How Will We Challenge Militarism, Racism, and Extreme Materialism?](ratville/JFK/CoV-JFK-MLK-WFP.html) [war is not healthy for children and other living things](ratville/JFK/CoV-JFK-MLK-WFP.html) [“The Children of Vietnam” provides an instance of truth force that is needed more than ever to counter the fragmentation and doublethink being amplified by the demands of capital and its accumulation. Because, tragically and horrifically, what the United States caused to happen in Vietnam has not stopped. It continues to this day, magnified on a global scale within numerous theatres of U.S. military and covert operations including in Iraq, in Afghanistan, in Yemen.](ratville/JFK/CoV-JFK-MLK-WFP.html) [WAR IS TERRORISM](ratville/JFK/CoV-JFK-MLK-WFP.html) [In denouncing the U.S. war in Vietnam at Riverside Church in 1967 Martin King posed the question on behalf of Vietnamese peasants: “What do they think as we test out our latest weapons on them, just as the Germans tested out new medicine and new tortures in the concentration camps of Europe?” And this was a war that ended up being broadcast on nightly news television in the United States as it became evermore hellish in its results. Said King at Riverside, “When machines and computers, profit motives and property rights, are considered more important than people, the giant triplets of racism, extreme materialism, and militarism are incapable of being conquered.” His voice, love, compassion, and intelligence are as searingly relevant **right now**, half a century later, as in 1967.](ratville/JFK/CoV-JFK-MLK-WFP.html) | | | | --- | | *[the heart of the matter:](ratitorsCorner/11.04.17.html)* [Why President Kennedy Was Assassinated](ratitorsCorner/11.04.17.html) [Portrait of John F. Kennedy (1967) by Jamie Wyeth](ratitorsCorner/11.04.17.html) Concerning the extra-constitutional firing of the 35th President, the following is proffered as an antidote to the specific set of illusions and—beginning with the [Warren Commission’s Report](ratville/JFK/FalseMystery/TheWarrenReport.html)—conspiracy theories presented by state actors, universities, and the media which promote a fabricated representation of reality through omission, distortion, falsehood, lack of contextual analysis, and disinforming opinion stated as obvious, incontestable fact. The essence of the cover-up is that there is a mystery to debate. There is no mystery. Anyone willing to look can see clearly who killed President Kennedy and why. The WHY of the assassination is the key to the crime and its cover-up. We can know *why* President Kennedy was assassinated. With this understanding and knowledge we can navigate the turbulent waters surrounding us today with a profoundly informed and deeply rooted sense of the meaning and purpose of our own lives in this irreducible present moment—the only moment we ever have. | | | | --- | | | | welcome to [rat haus reality](rat_haus.html) | [rat haus reality](rat_haus.html) | [enter the site](rat_haus.html) | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | --- | | **Marking 16 Years of the US Global War *Of* Terror** Guy Debord: In 1967, in a book entitled [*The Society of the Spectacle*](http://www.bopsecrets.org/SI/debord/), I showed what the modern spectacle was already in essence: the autocratic reign of the market economy, which had acceded to an irresponsible sovereignty, and the totality of new techniques of government that accompanied this reign.... Spectacular domination’s first priority was to eradicate historical knowledge in general; beginning with just about all rational information and commentary on the most recent past.... With the destruction of history, contemporary events themselves retreat into a remote and fabulous realm of unverifiable stories, uncheckable statistics, unlikely explanations and untenable reasoning.... All experts serve the state and the media and only in that way do they achieve their status. Every expert follows his master, for all former possibilities for independence have been gradually reduced to nil by present society’s mode of organization. The most useful expert, of course, is the one who can lie. With their different motives, those who need experts are falsifiers and fools. Whenever individuals lose the capacity to see things for themselves, the expert is there to offer an absolute reassurance.... Such a perfect democracy constructs its own inconceivable foe, terrorism. Its wish is to be judged by its enemies rather than by its results. The story of terrorism is written by the state and it is therefore highly instructive. The spectators must certainly never know everything about terrorism, but they must always know enough to convince them that, compared with terrorism, everything else must be acceptable, or in any case more rational and democratic. — [*Comments on the Society of the Spectacle*](https://libcom.org/files/Comments%20on%20the%20Society%20of%20the%20Spectacle.pdf), 1988 | | | | --- | | [COLD WAR: THE NEXT GENERATION](ratitorsCorner/10.05.17.html) | “It is a sobering thought that better evidence is required to prosecute a shoplifter than is needed to commence a world war.” —[Anthony Scrivener QC](http://www.j-n-v.org/AW_briefings/ARROW_briefing012.htm), *The Times*, 5 Oct 2001 “It is different than the Gulf War was, in the sense that it may never end. At least, not in our lifetime.” —[Dick Cheney](http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1612401.stm), 21 Oct 2001 Legend has it the Cold War was closed out in 1991. 10 years later, its Next Generation spawn was inaugurated. 16+ years into this war that will not end “in our lifetime”, it is our moral responsibility to reveal its covert and overt roots and, in doing so, end it given that *it is being done in our name every single day.* “Your loyalty belongs to the human race and not to a flag, not to a country that’s supposedly under attack from some mystical force that’s out there that you can’t even identify—I mean, these terrorists, the way they’re presented to us, it’s as if they dropped in from outer space. All you know about them is that they hate you and they want to kill you. You can’t negotiate with them. You can’t talk to them. You can’t *understand* them. All you can do is *kill* them. And you got to kill every last one except, you never know.... It’s like the pod people, you know, maybe it’s spread to somebody else and then you’ve got to start killing them.” —[John Judge](ratville/JFK/JohnJudge/Sep11Antidote-OmissionRept022105.html), 21 Feb 2005 **Ed Curtin:** [Why I Don’t Speak of 9/11 Anymore](ratville/CAH/Sep11attacks-Curtin-2016.html), Sep 2016 [The Lies of 9/11 Miracle Workers - Review of *Bush And Cheney:*](ratville/CAH/LiesOfSep11MWs.html) [*How They Ruined America And The World*](ratville/CAH/LiesOfSep11MWs.html), 27 Aug 2017 **Graeme MacQueen:** [Beyond Their Wildest Dreams: Sep 11 and the US Left](ratville/CAH/BeyondLeftWildestDreams.html), 13 Mar 2017 [Sep 11: The Pentagon’s B-Movie](ratville/CAH/PentagonSep11Bmovie.html), 31 Aug 2017 **John Judge:** [September 11 Omission Report](ratville/JFK/JohnJudge/911CitizensComm-090904-1.html), 9 Sep 2004 [Historical Framework: Deep Politics & Covert Operations](ratville/JFK/JohnJudge/911CitizensComm-090904-2.html), 9 Sep 2004 Antidote to September 11 – Exercising Our Imagination: [September 11 Critical Analysis](ratville/JFK/JohnJudge/Sep11Antidote-CritclAnlysis021602.html), 16 Feb 2002 [What the 9/11 Commission Didn’t Report](ratville/JFK/JohnJudge/Sep11Antidote-OmissionRept022105.html), 21 Feb 2005 | | | | --- | --- | | | | | --- | | | John Judge was an unparalleled historian of the US National Security State. An exemplar earthling, his loyalty was to the human race, not to a flag or a country. | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | [**Michael Hudson on Junk Economicsand Debt Cancellation**, Apr 2017](ratville/MichaelHudson-JunkEcon.html) [“How a society defines economic terms and relationships will determine who controls it.”](http://michael-hudson.com/2013/07/the-insiders-economicdictionary-part-a/) | | | | --- | --- | | | | I wanted to see how the economy worked [so in the 1960s] I went to work for banks on Wall Street as a statistician. I became Chase Manhattan’s balance of payments economist. I wanted to find out what is the deficit stemming from? The entire balance of payments deficit in the 1960s when I was working there came from the military spending abroad. So I found out it was really the Vietnam War and allied military spending. I’ve been spending much of my effort for the last 30 years trying to see how the ancient near east and classical antiquity and medieval Europe all solved their debt crises, basically writing a history of debt crisis showing that every economy has had to cancel the debt. So you could say all my work in economics since the 1960s, more than 50 years, is spent on seeing how society handles its debt crisis. The industrial economy in America is essentially being emptied out in order to pay the stockowners and about 75 percent of stocks are owned by the richest 5 percent of the population. So if you look at who owns the stock, it’s not the working class, it’s not the middle class, it’s the super rich. The super rich are saying, We’re willing to use all the corporate income to run it down. Basically, the 5 percent have decided that industrial capitalism is over and it’s time to take the money and run. And you take the money and run by just paying out all the income, just to yourselves, leaving the corporation an empty shell. That’s how the Chicago Boys introduced free markets into Chile after 1974 when Pinochet took over from Allende. It’s the neoliberal model. It’s what happened in Russia after the neoliberals convinced Russia to go along. It’s what’s happening in Greece when you’re just emptying out the economy to pay the bond holders. It’s economic shrinkage. The trick is to get the middle class and the working class to think the stock market is them when the stock market isn’t themselves at all. It’s the five percent. Greece is the future of where America is going now under the policies of Clinton and Obama and Trump. Either you’re going to have barbarism or you’re going to have a renovation of the economy which means the debt write-down, anti-monopoly legislation, and prosecution of crooks. | | | | --- | | | | welcome to [rat haus reality](rat_haus.html) | [rat haus reality](rat_haus.html) | [enter the site](rat_haus.html) | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | May 29, 2017 | | | | --- | --- | | PHOTO: [GENE SMIRNOV](https://www.genesmirnov.com/) | | [*False Mystery: Essays on the JFK Assassination* by Vincent J. Salandria](ratville/JFK/FalseMystery/index.html) [After more than a half century, the historical truth of the assassination of President John F. Kennedy has been finally established beyond rational dispute. The Kennedy assassination is a false mystery. It was conceived by the conspirators to be a false mystery which was designed to cause interminable debate. The purpose of the protracted debate was to obscure what was quite clearly and plainly a *coup d’état*. Simply stated, President Kennedy was assassinated by our U.S. national security state in order to abort his efforts to bring the Cold War to a peaceful conclusion.](ratville/JFK/FalseMystery/index.html) [—Vincent Salandria, 2016](ratville/JFK/FalseMystery/index.html) [Released on the 100th anniversary of the birth of John Fitzgerald Kennedy, this an expanded 2017 digital edition.](ratville/JFK/FalseMystery/index.html) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | --- | | **[50 Years Ago: Riverside Church and MLK’s Final Year of Experiments With Truth](ratville/JFK/MLK-Riverside-50yrs.html)** by David T. Ratcliffe Dr. William Francis Pepper, Esq: Martin Luther King was much more than a civil rights leader and that’s what no one in official capacity wants you to know. He had become effectively a world-figure in terms of human rights people and particularly the poor of this earth. That’s where he was going. That’s the area you don’t really get into safely when you start talking about redistributing wealth. Diverting huge sums of money into social welfare programs and health programs and educational programs at the grass roots. When you start going into that you begin to tread on toes in this country, in the United Kingdom, and in most of the western world. When you start associating with the poor of this planet and the exploitation of what’s happened to whole cultures and tribal cultures in Africa in particular, and you see the results of the exploitation of western colonial powers and when you want to see a movement to not only arrest that process which still goes forward today under different guises but to actually reverse it and to give an opportunity for people to control their destinies and their own natural wealth, that’s dangerous ground to get on. King was committed, increasingly, to that kind of political view. He wept in India as early as ’60, ’61 when he was there. He had never seen such poverty in such a massive scale. ‘How can people live like this?’ There’s a lot of people live that like this. Why do people live like this? Most of America doesn’t see that. We are a residentially segregated society forever. King saw that, wanted to bridge it and the solutions were too radical, too potentially dangerous. Jefferson was an idol of his. With all of Jefferson’s foibles, remember he said, ‘You need a revolution every 20 years. You need to sweep the room clean every 20 years,’ said Mr. Jefferson. You need that revolution. King believed that as well. | | | | --- | | **Needed: A Martin Luther King Day of Truth** | | | | | | --- | --- | | | [William F. Pepper, 21 June 2016](https://youtu.be/miIW96toI4U?t=8m50s) | [T]he assassination of Martin King, and all of the other assassinations in the sixties...have to be seen in a historical context. You have to go back effectively, to the compelled death of Socrates, work through Caesar, all the way down and you will see whenever a ruling structure cannot control an errant leader, if they can’t control him in one way or another, ultimately they assassinate him. That has happened throughout history. Americans don’t understand that, so they look upon, as a kind of anomaly...the assassinations in the United States in the sixties, and they’re not. They are a part of a historical process and must be viewed that way. Martin King had to be stopped. The only way to stop him ultimately was to assassinate him and that’s what they did. —Dr. William F. Pepper, Esq., [on release of his book](https://youtu.be/miIW96toI4U?t=8m50s), *The Plot To Kill King*, 21 Jun 2016 | | | | | --- | | by Ed Curtin: [A Day of Service is a Disservice to the Truth](ratville/JFK/MLK-Day-Of-Truth.html) [of MLK’s Life, Death, and Witness](ratville/JFK/MLK-Day-Of-Truth.html), 14 Jan 2017 [The Government that Honors Dr. Martin Luther King](ratville/JFK/PlotToKillKing2016.html) [with a National Holiday Killed Him](ratville/JFK/PlotToKillKing2016.html), 10 Dec 2016 by Joseph E Green: [The MLK 10-Point Program](ratville/JFK/MLK-10-Point-Program.html), 2013 | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | | [William F. Pepper with Martin Luther King, 1967](ratville/JFK/WFP020403.html#WFPMLK1967) | | In his “Little Essays of Love and Virtue” [Havelock Ellis, writing in 1922](https://archive.org/stream/littleessayslov02elligoog#page/n175/mode/2up), during another period of heralded American prosperity, and perhaps sensing what lay ahead as there would be only seven years before economic disaster struck, said: “all civilisation has from time to time become a thin crust over a volcano of revolution”. This was, of course, the fear in 1967 and 1968. Martin Luther King Jr was, for the transnational corporations, public enemy number one. He stood in the way of their inexorable consolidation of power. If he had played along as have many of his peers before and after, he would likely be with us today, a wealthy and honored man, a pillar of the state. But he did not choose to play that game and as we have seen the might of the steward state was brought to bear upon him, and to this day the pillars of the American Republic continue to be supported by the same foundation stones of lies and greed which he was determined to crumble to dust and replace. —William F. Pepper, [*An Act of State: The Execution of Martin Luther King*](ratville/JFK/WFP020403.html), p.267. | | | | | --- | | | | welcome to [rat haus reality](rat_haus.html) | [rat haus reality](rat_haus.html) | [enter the site](rat_haus.html) | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | --- | | [**John Judge, *Leading Change***: *A Transformational, Quiet Servant Leader*](ratville/JFK/JohnJudge/JJ-Leading-Change.html) 2012 Case Study by Cynthia McKinney I decided that because of the brilliance and the dedication of this gentleman, that in my own PhD leadership studies I would write a paper on him and the type of leadership that he demonstrates.... John Judge is perhaps one of the most important unknown historians of our generation. | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | --- | | [Proposed Pipelines In Tribal Homelands](http://www.tribalnationsmaps.com/pipeline-map.html) From Aaron Carapella, Indigenous Cartographer Extraordinaire: **2 Dec 2016**: I have been working on this map for months. It is a gift to the community. You can download your free PDF of this map [**HERE**](http://www.tribalnationsmaps.com/pipeline-map.html) and use it for digital presentations or to print your own copy. You can also purchase it from me in a poster format. If any modifications need to be made, please don’t hesitate to let me know. ***We need to think about our Mother Earth and Tribal rights before building pipelines.*** File type: PDF; resolution: 3456 x 3960 points; size: 161 MB; [page size: 48" x 55"](http://www.tribalnationsmaps.com/store/p111/Proposed_Pipeline_in_Tribal_Homelands_-_48%22x55%22.html) [Proposed Pipelines In Tribal Homelands](http://www.tribalnationsmaps.com/pipeline-map.html) | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | --- | | [Hiroshima Panorama #4](radiation/NuclearExtinction/HiroshimaPanNo4.html) | | | | | | --- | --- | | 360 degree view span | [Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum](http://www.pcf.city.hiroshima.jp/top_e.html) | | | [Montreal Declaration for a Nuclear-Fission-Free World](radiation/MDforN-FissionFreeWorld.html) [As citizens of this planet inspired by the *Second Thematic World Social Forum for a Nuclear-Fission-Free World*, conducted in Montreal from August 8 to August 12, 2016, we are collectively calling for a mobilization of civil society around the world to bring about the elimination of all nuclear weapons, to put an end to the continued mass-production of all high-level nuclear wastes by phasing out all nuclear reactors, and to bring to a halt all uranium mining worldwide.](radiation/MDforN-FissionFreeWorld.html) — [Includes Ongoing News and Developments](radiation/MDforN-FissionFreeWorld.html#ND) — [Fukushima Units 3 and 4, March 24, 2011](radiation/Fukushima/images/032411bHR.html) [Fukushima Dai-ichi Melted Down Reactor Units 3 and 4, Mar 24, 2011](radiation/Fukushima/index.html) | | | | | --- | | | | welcome to [rat haus reality](rat_haus.html) | [rat haus reality](rat_haus.html) | [enter the site](rat_haus.html) | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | [**Palestine is Still the Issue**](ratville/PalestineIsStillTheIssue.html) [by Israeli Historian Ilan Pappé](ratville/PalestineIsStillTheIssue.html) | | [Lawrence Wilkerson, highest ranking US foreign policy whistle blower to date, on:](ratville/IsraeliInfluenceOnUSFP.html) [**Israeli Influence on U.S. Foreign Policy**](ratville/IsraeliInfluenceOnUSFP.html) | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | --- | --- | | [Martin Luther King speaking at Riverside Church in NYC, 4 April 1967](ratville/JFK/MLK-1967-and-Today.html) | [Dr. Martin Luther King’s 1967 Anti-War Speech And Today](ratville/JFK/MLK-1967-and-Today.html) [adapted by E. Martin Schotz](ratville/JFK/MLK-1967-and-Today.html) [20 June 2016](ratville/JFK/MLK-1967-and-Today.html) | | | | | --- | | Welcome to the Front Door of [ratical.org](rat_haus.html) September 2015 marks the [20th anniversary](index1995.html) of this publication library. Four 2015 essays express two primary interests of this project: 1. [Keep the Balance](ratitorsCorner/02.03.15.html) - John Trudell’s understanding of [What It Means To Be A Human Being](many_worlds/JohnTrudell/HumanBeing.html) 2. [Increasing Consciousness - Outgrowing Our US Exceptionalism Myth](ratitorsCorner/07.04.15.html) by facing [US Settler Colonialism](#stw) 3. An Expanding Light to Dispel the Darkness: [A New Movement to Ban Nuclear Weapons](ratitorsCorner/08.06.15.html) 4. [Dr. John W. Gofman: His Life, and Research on the Health Effects of Exposure to Ionizing Radiation](ratitorsCorner/09.23.15.html) | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | [Dr. John W. Gofman](ratitorsCorner/09.23.15.html) | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | [His Life, and Research on the Health Effects](ratitorsCorner/09.23.15.html) [of Exposure to Ionizing Radiation](ratitorsCorner/09.23.15.html) Dr. Gofman did more than most other medical scientists to warn people about the health effects and dangers of exposure to low dose radiation. He earned a Ph.D. in Nuclear/Physical Chemistry at UC Berkeley in 1943 where his graduate advisor was Glenn Seaborg. He co-discovered Uranium 232 and 233 and was the leader of the Plutonium Group at UCB for the Manhattan Project, where he produced the first 1.2 milligrams of plutonium for J. Robert Oppenheimer. He went on to receive his M.D. degree from UCSF in 1946. He successfully identified high density and low density lipoproteins and made a number of other major discoveries involving cholesterol, coronary heart disease, arteriosclerosis, and especially cancer. In 1963 he was asked by the Atomic Energy Commission to establish and become the first Director of the Biomedical Research Division at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to study the “Implications of All Nuclear Energy Programs Upon Man in the Biosphere.” In 1969 he and his colleague Dr. Arthur Tamplin publicly concluded that the dangers of exposure to low-level ionizing radiation were much greater than previously acknowledged and that there was no evidence of a risk-free dose of radiation. By 1973 the US government had de-funded Gofman’s Livermore lab research on chromosomes and cancer. He returned to teaching full-time at UCB and chose an early and active “retirement” in 1974 as Professor Emeritus of Molecular and Cell Biology, devoting the next 30 years to pro-bono research into human health-effects from radiation. Dr. Gofman produced a wealth of published works that have increased understanding and awareness of the biological hazards of low-level ionizing radiation and was a vital voice of intelligence and clarity calling for the cessation of further nuclear pollution of Grandmother Earth. | | | | | --- | | | | welcome to [rat haus reality](rat_haus.html) | [rat haus reality](rat_haus.html) | [enter the site](rat_haus.html) | | | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | August 2015: 70 years ago, nuclear weapons made extinction of all Life on Earth possible. That prospective reality never went away *and* its chances keep increasing. If we do not abolish nuclear weapons they will surely abolish us. Announcing a library set of materials from the Feb 28-Mar 1 [Helen Caldicott Foundation](http://helencaldicottfoundation.org/)’s **[Symposium: The Dynamics of Possible Nuclear Extinction](radiation/NuclearExtinction/index.html)** Find within [Symposium background](radiation/NuclearExtinction/DPNE.html#intro), [complete transcripts of 8 speakers](radiation/NuclearExtinction/DPNE.html#trans), [mp3s of all speakers + Q&As](radiation/NuclearExtinction/DPNE-Program.html#mp3s), [other educational materials](radiation/NuclearExtinction/DPNE.html#edu), and [means to engage with people](radiation/NuclearExtinction/DPNE.html#wtd) working to abolish nuclear weapons. | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | [kick the habit](radiation/NuclearExtinction/DPNE.html#PNATAL) | | [kick the habit](radiation/NuclearExtinction/DPNE.html#PNATAL) | [fbtest](http://facebook.com/ratical.org) | It is the non-nuclear-weapon states on whom we must depend to drive a process to ban nuclear weapons, to stigmatize them, to make them socially and politically unacceptable, to make it harder for nations to get away with possessing and upgrading them, and to help the nuclear-weapon states overcome this awful, debilitating addiction. This flips the traditional arms-control approach on its head. The humanitarian initiative is about empowering and mobilizing the rest of the world to say “enough.” It is about shifting the debate from “acceptable,” “safe” numbers of nuclear warheads to their fundamental inhumanity and incompatibility with basic standards of civilized behaviour. It is about taking away from the nuclear-armed states the power to dictate the terms of the debate and to set the agenda—and refusing to perpetuate their exceptionalism. —Tim Wright, “[A New Movement to Ban Nuclear Weapons](radiation/NuclearExtinction/TimWright030115.html)” --- | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | From: [Chris Jordan photographic arts](http://www.chrisjordan.com/): “Edge-walking the lines between beauty and horror, abstraction and representation, the near and the far, the visible and the invisible, Jordan’s images confront the enormous power of humanity’s collective will.” ***E Pluribus Unum** depicts the names of one million organizations around the world that are devoted to peace, environmental stewardship, social justice, and the preservation of diverse and indigenous culture. The actual number of such organizations is unknown, but estimates range between one and two million, and growing.* | [Chris Jordan: E Pluribus Unum, 2010](http://www.chrisjordan.com/gallery/epu/#e-pluribus-unum) | While there are a wealth of disturbing facts visualized by Jordan, still, as with all the eternal opposites, forever joined like two sides of a coin, there is also the “enormous power of humanity’s collective will” to understand and be informed by. This power is what we must *ALL* engage, direct, and focus, to close the book on the possibility of nuclear annihilation for the sake of the children, all we share Earth with, and all yet to be born and live out their lives here long, long, long after we are gone. | | [E Pluribus Unum](http://www.chrisjordan.com/gallery/epu/#e-pluribus-unum), 2010 24x24 feet, laser etched onto aluminum panels | | | | | --- | | | | welcome to [rat haus reality](rat_haus.html) | [rat haus reality](rat_haus.html) | [enter the site](rat_haus.html) | | | | --- | | [The Historical Arc, Past and Present, of](ratville/US-Settler-Colonialism.html) [United States Settler Colonialism](ratville/US-Settler-Colonialism.html) [Colonization, Dispossession, Genocide Forms the Core of US History, the Very Source of the Country’s Existence](ratville/US-Settler-Colonialism.html) Will It Be The Future As Well? The Choice Is Ours | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | --- | | The History of the United States is a History of Settler Colonialism Driven by Land Theft & Genocide Outgrowing the US Theology of Progress [The History of the United States is a History of Settler Colonialism Driven by Land Theft & Genocide, click image to see hi res and read about it](ratville/US-Settler-Colonialism.html) | | | | | | --- | | “Let all that is Indian within you die.” —Carlisle Indian School commencement speech [Let all that is Indian within you die, click image to see hi resolution and read about it](ratville/IndianWithinDie.html) | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | **[watch complete film documentary](http://www.filmsforaction.org/watch/schooling_the_world_2010/) online while you can** | SCHOOLING THE WORLD **THE WHITE MAN’S LAST BURDEN** If you wanted to change an ancient culture in a generation, how would you do it? *You would change the way it educates its children.* [schoolingtheworld.org](http://schoolingtheworld.org/) | **click on an image to see hi res and read about it** | | | | | | | | --- | --- | | “To civilize the Indians...immerse them in our civilization... and when we get them under...hold them there until they are thoroughly soaked.” —General Richard Pratt, founder of the Carlisle Indian School “Real freedom will come only when we free ourselves of the domination of Western education, Western culture, and the Western way of living.” —Mahatma Gandhi “THE AMERICAN FLAG HAS NOT BEEN PLANTED IN FOREIGN SOIL TO ACQUIRE TERRITORY BUT FOR HUMANITY’S SAKE.” William McKinley campaign poster, July 2, 1900 | [School Begins](ratville/SchoolBegins.html) | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | --- | | | | | | | ***Exponentially Inspired Playing*** The 2014-15 Louisville Leopard Percussionists (4th-6th graders) rehearsing Kashmir, The Ocean, and Immigrant Song by Led Zeppelin. The Louisville Leopard Percussionists began in 1993. They are a performing ensemble of approximately 55 student musicians, ages 7-12, living in and around Louisville, Kentucky. Each student learns and acquires proficiency on several instruments, such as marimbas, xylophone, vibraphone, drum set, timbales, congas, bongos and piano. The [Louisville Leopard Percussionists](http://www.louisvilleleopardpercussionists.com/) is a non-profit organization offering extracurricular music opportunities to local children at little or no cost. Please help them keep their program going by donating at <http://bit.ly/louleopardsdonate>. | Led Zeppelin from the 10 December 2007 Celebration Day recording of Kashmir | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | --- | | [Mike Luckovich cartoon, 03/27/15: Forebears - Our Founding Fathers](http://luckovich.blog.ajc.com/2015/03/26/327-luckovich-cartoon-forebears/) | | Accountability? We don't need no steenkeen accountability! | | Satirists of the brilliance expressed by [Mike Luckovich](http://luckovich.blog.ajc.com/) (*Atlanta Journal-Constitution* “cartoonist”) tower above the pedestrian level of puerile infotainment pundit-commentators, providing incisive critical analysis of actual reality transpiring on the world scene. It was refreshing to see Mike’s March 27 “Forebears” printed as the daily cartoon in Friday’s *Boston Globe* Opinion Section. [John Judge](ratville/JFK/JohnJudge/index.html) ([rest in peace](ratville/JFK/JohnJudge/JJremembrance.html)) liked to point out how, ‘You don’t need to read the news – you can get a much more accurate depiction of world events by simply reading the cartoons!’ “In the frontier wars between 1607 and 1814, Americans forged two elements – unlimited war and irregular war – into their first way of war which is still their way of war. I make throughout the book, connections between the U.S. military today and its foundation in these unrelenting wars that actually went up through 1890 and then moved overseas to the Philippines and the Caribbean with the same generals in the Philippines who had been fighting the Sioux and the Cheyenne in the Northern Plains.” —[Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz](http://www.reddirtsite.com/index.htm), speaking at the [Green Apple used bookstore](http://www.greenapplebooks.com/) in San Francisco, December 4, 2014, on her new book, [*An Indigenous Peoples’ History of the United States*](http://www.beacon.org/An-Indigenous-Peoples-History-of-the-United-States-P1041.aspx), published in September 2014 by Beacon Press. (The recording of this, Part [One](http://podcast.tucradio.org/2015/03/roxanne-dunbar-ortiz-an-indigenous-peoples-history-of-the-united-states-one-of-two/) (from 14:43 to 15:31) of [Two](http://podcast.tucradio.org/2015/03/roxanne-dunbar-ortiz-an-indigenous-peoples-history-of-the-united-states-two-of-two/) is available from [Time of Useful Consciousness Radio](http://podcast.tucradio.org/)). From the Author’s Note (page xiii): “I’ve come to realize that a new periodization of US history is needed that traces the Indigenous experience as opposed to the following standard division: Colonial, Revolutionary, Jacksonian, Civil War and Reconstruction, Industrial Revolution and Gilded Age, Overseas Imperialism, Progressivism, World War I, Depression, New Deal, World War II, Cold War, and Vietnam War, followed by contemporary decades. I altered this periodization to better reflect Indigenous experience but not as radically as needs to be done. This is an issue much discussed in current Native American scholarship. “I also wanted to set aside the rhetoric of race, not because race and racism are unimportant but to emphasize that Native peoples were colonized and deposed of their territories as distinct peoples - hundreds of nations - not as a racial or ethnic group. "Colonization," "dispossession," "settler colonialism," "genocide" - these are the terms that drill to the core of US history, to the very source of the country’s existence. “The charge of genocide, once unacceptable by establishment academic and political classes when applied to the United States, has gained currency as evidence of it has mounted, but it is too often accompanied by an assumption of disappearance. So I realized it was crucial to make the reality and significance of Indigenous peoples’ survival clear throughout the book. Indigenous survival as peoples is due to centuries of resistance and storytelling passed through the generations, and I sought to demonstrate that this survival is dynamic, not passive. Surviving genocide, by whatever means, is resistance: non-Indians must know this in order to more accurately understand the history of the United States. “My hope is that this book will be a springboard to dialogue about history, the present reality of Indigenous peoples’ experience, and the meaning and future of the United States itself.” | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | --- | | | | welcome to [rat haus reality](rat_haus.html) | [rat haus reality](rat_haus.html) | [enter the site](rat_haus.html) | | | | | | | --- | --- | | | | | --- | | [Time of Useful Consciousness Radio](http://podcast.tucradio.org/) p r e s e n t s How the West Caused the Crisis in Ukraine [Part ONE: John Mearsheimer](http://podcast.tucradio.org/2015/01/how-the-west-caused-the-crisis-in-ukraine-part-one-john-mearsheimer/) Summary: On January 10, 2015 Evanston Neighbors for Peace organized an event with two eminent speakers, [John Mearsheimer](https://political-science.uchicago.edu/directory/john-mearsheimer), Professor at the University of Chicago and Rick Rozoff the foremost investigator of NATO, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. In part one Prof. Mearsheimer spoke about the origins of the crisis and how to avert the ever heightening risk of war between the United States and Russia. He gave an update of his acclaimed article in the magazine *Foreign Affairs*: “[Why the Ukraine Crisis Is the West’s Fault](http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/141769/john-j-mearsheimer/why-the-ukraine-crisis-is-the-wests-fault).” John Mearsheimer is [Professor of Political Science](https://political-science.uchicago.edu/directory/john-mearsheimer) and the co-director of the [Program on International Security Policy](http://harris.uchicago.edu/applied-experience/workshops/pisp) at the [University of Chicago](http://www.uchicago.edu/). [Part TWO: Rick Rozoff](http://podcast.tucradio.org/2015/01/how-the-west-caused-the-crisis-in-ukraine-part-two-rick-rozoff/) It is widely acknowledged that the expansion eastward of NATO is a major provocation of Russia and a huge and under-reported factor in the origins and the conduct of the war in Ukraine. Few investigative journalists follow the day to day politics of NATO - that are directed largely by the US - as closely as Rick Rozoff. He is the manager of [Stop NATO International](https://rickrozoff.wordpress.com/) and has been an active opponent of war, militarism and intervention for over 40 years. He writes on the threat of international militarization and the globalization of NATO. [Part THREE: John Mearsheimer - Question & Answer](http://podcast.tucradio.org/2015/02/how-the-west-caused-the-crisis-in-ukraine-part-three-john-mearsheimer-qa/) This is an urgent appeal to pay attention to the crisis in Ukraine where the two largest nuclear powers, the US and Russia are in direct and escalating confrontation. Mearsheimer states emphatically that in the prevailing wisdom in the West, the Ukraine crisis is blamed almost entirely on Russian aggression. But this account is wrong says Mearsheimer: The United States and its European allies share most of the responsibility for the crisis. Questions in this Q & A period range from who engineered the February 2014 Coup in Ukraine, to what role the Neo-Nazis play. Credits: Thanks to Dale Lehman, WZRD Chicago, for the recording | | | | | | | | --- | --- | | | | | --- | | Imagine running out of imagine Mistaking authority for power Weaving lifes free spirit Into patterns of control —[John Trudell](many_worlds/JohnTrudell/index.html), “[Iktomi](many_worlds/JohnTrudell/HumanBeing.html#Iktomi),” [*Lines from a Mined Mind*](many_worlds/JohnTrudell/MinedMindBook.html), p.259 | find out about the complete 2014 documentary: [Alive Inside - The Story of Music & Memory](http://aliveinside.us/) [Dan Cohen](https://musicandmemory.org/about/leadership/), founder of the nonprofit organization [Music & Memory](https://musicandmemory.org/), confronts a broken healthcare system to demonstrate music’s ability to combat memory loss and restore a deep sense of self to those suffering from it. The political system we find ourselves navigating our lives within cannot make life healthier because all such agendas as so-called health care are based on profit, not human needs. | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | | | | | --- | | 8 December 2014 **Fifteenth Anniversary of Verdict in the Martin Luther King Murder Trial** *THE* Trial of the 20th Century Fifteen years ago today the jury reached its verdict in the only trial ever held for the murder of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. The trial was conducted in the Circuit Court of Shelby County, Memphis, Tennessee. It began on November 15 and lasted fourteen days. The Plaintiffs were Coretta Scott King, Martin Luther King, III, Bernice King, Dexter Scott King and Yolanda King. The Defendants were Loyd Jowers and Other Unknown Conspirators. This is the most important trial of the 20th century, and yet most people have never heard of it. A complete hypertext transcript of the trial is [available here on rat haus reality](ratville/JFK/MLKACT/index.html). A good place to start reading this document are the [Closing Statements](ratville/JFK/MLKACT/MLKACTvol14.html#p2160) in [Volume 14](ratville/JFK/MLKACT/MLKACTvol14.html). The [King Family Press Conference](ratville/JFK/MLKACT/PressConference.html) held the day after the trial is another starting point. Other than the courtroom participants, only Memphis TV reporter [Wendell Stacy](ratville/JFK/MLKACT/index.html#p2) and [Jim Douglass](ratville/JFK/Unspeakable/index.html) attended that historic trial from beginning to end. Douglass’ article, “[The Martin Luther King Conspiracy Exposed in Memphis](ratville/JFK/Unspeakable/MLKconExp.html),” published in [*Probe Magazine*](http://ctka.net/) in Spring 2000, is an excellent introduction. See also Douglass Valentine’s “[Who Killed Martin Luther King?](http://www.consortiumnews.com/2000/022100a.html)” and “[Deconstructing Kowalski](http://www.ctka.net/2012/mlk_decon_kowalski.html),” as well as [William Pepper’s talk](ratville/JFK/WFP020403.html) at the Modern Times Bookstore on the release of his book, *An Act of State - The Execution of Martin Luther King* (Verso, 2003). | | | | | | | --- | | | | welcome to [rat haus reality](rat_haus.html) | [rat haus reality](rat_haus.html) | [enter the site](rat_haus.html) | | | | --- | | [John Judge (1947-2014)](ratville/JFK/JohnJudge/JohnJudge1947-2014.html) alternate historian, renowned researcher, educator, investigator, advocate for real democracy --- Remarks delivered at the Celebration of the Life of John Patrick Judge National Press Club, Washington DC, 31 May 2014 --- [A Remembrance](ratville/JFK/JohnJudge/JJremembrance.html) by David Ratcliife --- [Countering Military Recruitment](ratville/JFK/JohnJudge/JJcounterrecruit.html) by Pat Elder --- Randy Benson’s video archive dedication of John’s life’s work: [Judge For Yourself](http://thesearchersfilm.com/Judge.html) | | | | | | --- | | [Morihiro Hosokawa](http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303448204579335982659523094) | | | | | | --- | | back online: [Worldwatchers Archive](http://worldwatchers.info/) A Tribute To Mae Brussell an exemplar and the most prolific anti-fascist political researcher of the latter half of the 20th Century. | | | | | | --- | | “*Our weapons dictate what we are to do. They force us into awful corners. They give us our living, they sustain our economy, they bolster up our politicians, they sell our mass media, in short we live by them. But if they continue to rule us we will also most surely die by them.*” Thomas Merton, [*Cold War Letters*](http://www.orbisbooks.com/cold-war-letters.html) (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, 2006), p. 65. | | | | | | --- | | **[Trying Not To Give Peace A Chance](ratville/JFK/NotGivePeaceAchance.html): (The Ukraine in 50 Years of Context)** by Ray McGovern, *Consortiumnews*, 20 Apr 2014 | | 10 JUNE 1963 The Real Jubilee [JFK American University Address:](ratville/JFK/JFKatAUjubilee.html) [Calling For An End To The Cold War](ratville/JFK/JFKatAUjubilee.html) | [JFK at American U: call to end the Cold War](ratville/JFK/JFKatAUjubilee.html) | | | | | | --- | | **10 June 2013:** Fifty years ago President Kennedy gave the commencement address to the graduating class at American University. In his book, *The Improbable Triumvirate: John F. Kennedy, Pope John, Nikita Khrushchev*, *Saturday Review* editor Norman Cousins summed up the significance of that remarkable speech: “At American University on June 10, 1963, President Kennedy proposed an end to the Cold War.” Khrushchev called the American University Address “the greatest speech by any American President since Roosevelt.” This is the real jubilee of 2013, not 22 November. **See Also:** [Transformational Journey: John F. Kennedy’s Turning Toward Peace](ratville/JFK/turning.html) | | | | | | | --- | --- | | | | | --- | | Learn About **[Project Unspeakable](http://projectunspeakable.com/)**: What do the ‘Unspeakable’ 1960s assassinations of JFK, Malcolm X, Martin Luther King, and Bobby Kennedy have to do with the ‘Unspeakables’ of today? An opportunity to join with truth-telling. [‘Project Unspeakable’ Asks The Big Questions](http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=247967234), *NPR*, 30 Nov 2013 (05:33 mins) | | --- | | | | | --- | | | | welcome to [rat haus reality](rat_haus.html) | [rat haus reality](rat_haus.html) | [enter the site](rat_haus.html) | | | | --- | | | | [We Are](http://www.wherethehellismatt.com/) All | | One Family | | | --- | | | | | --- | | “[Y ou Can Jail The Resisters But Not The Resistance](https://disarmnowplowshares.wordpress.com/2014/02/19/you-can-jail-the-resisters-but-not-the-resistance/)” by Leonard Eiger, Ground Zero Center For Nonviolent Action, 21 Feb 2014 [Plowshares 3](http://www.commondreams.org/view/2014/02/21-3) “*We are truly human when we act responsibly to restore harmony and act with love and compassion to restore truth, transparency and the equitable distribution of the resources endowed by our common Creator.*” —[Sister Megan Rice](http://www.nukeresister.org/2014/03/30/from-irwin-county-detention-center-by-sr-megan-rice/#more-4818) “*We were fulfilling our right and duty according to the US-signed Nuremberg Charter that if one knows of one’s government committing a war crime, one has a right and a duty to take steps to try to stop that crime.*” —Greg Boertje-Obed “*In heaven Jesus has no arsenal of nuclear weapons. And as we pray in the Our Father prayer: ‘Here on Earth as it is in heaven.’ ... Nuclear weapons are a product of hell and we need to send them back there.*” —[Michael Walli](http://transformnowplowshares.wordpress.com/2014/02/28/michael-walli-reflects-in-verse-from-prison/) “[Letters from a Georgia Jail: Anti-Nuclear Activists Await Sentencing](http://religionandpolitics.org/2014/01/22/letters-from-a-georgia-jail-anti-nuclear-activists-await-sentencing/),” by David Cook, *Religion & Politics*, January 22, 2014 | | | | | | --- | | Intelligence & Surveillance | | “By leaking [a handful of NSA documents](http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/multimedia/timeline-edward-snowden-revelations.html), [Edward Snowden](https://twitter.com/snowden?lang=en) has given us a glimpse of future U.S. global policy and the changing architecture of power on this planet.” [Surveillance Blowback - The Making of the U.S. Surveillance State, 1898-2020](http://www.tomdispatch.com/post/175724/), by [Alfred W. McCoy](http://history.wisc.edu/faculty_am.htm), *TomDispatch.com*, 14 Jul 2013 AND *must listen*: [35 min. 7/24/13 McCoy I-view](http://www.radio4all.net/index.php/program/69998) on Jeff Blankfort’s [Takes on the World](http://www.radio4all.net/index.php/contributor/1752) prog + Maria Gilardin’s [29 min. broadcast quality production of same](http://podcast.tucradio.org/2013/07/alfred-w-mccoy-the-making-of-the-us-surveillance-state/) from [TUCradio.org](http://TUCradio.org/). --- | | But then it must be asked if we can remove cultural value from one part of our lives without destroying it also in the other parts. Can we justify secrecy, lying, and burglary in our so-called intelligence organizations and yet preserve openness, honesty, and devotion to principle in the rest of our government? Can we subsidize mayhem in the military establishment and yet have peace, order, and respect for human life in the streets? Can we degrade all forms of essential work and yet expect arts and graces to flourish on weekends? And can we ignore all questions of value on the farm and yet have them answered affirmatively in the grocery store and the household? The answer is that, though such distinctions can be made theoretically, they cannot be preserved in practice. Values may be corrupted or abolished in only one discipline at the start, but the damage must sooner or later spread to all; it can no more be confined than air pollution. If we corrupt agriculture we corrupt culture, for in nature and within certain invariable social necessities we are one body, and what afflicts the hand will afflict the brain. [*The Unsettling of America: Culture and Agriculture*](http://openlibrary.org/works/OL14862077W/The_Unsettling_of_America), by Wendell Barry (San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1977), p. 91. --- | | | | | | --- | --- | | | | [6 June 2013](http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jun/09/edward-snowden-nsa-whistleblower-surveillance)—Edward Snowden[[1](http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/multimedia/timeline-edward-snowden-revelations.html)][[2](http://www.ub.uio.no/fag/informatikk-matematikk/informatikk/faglig/bibliografier/no21984.html)][[3](http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/edward-snowden)][[4](http://freesnowden.is/)]: I’m just another guy who sits there, day to day, in the office, watches what’s happening, and goes, “This is something that’s not our place to decide. The public needs to decide whether [these [surveillance] programs and policies](https://archive.org/details/nsia-snowden-documents) are right or wrong.” And I’m willing to go on the record to defend the authenticity of them and say, “I didn’t change these. I didn’t modify the story. This is the truth. This is what’s happening. You should decide whether we need to be doing this.” Yeah, I could be, you know, rendered by the CIA. I could have people come after me or any of their third-party partners.... And that’s a fear I’ll live under for the rest of my life, however long that happens to be. You can’t come forward against the world’s most powerful intelligence agencies and be completely free from risk, because they’re such powerful adversaries that no one can meaningfully oppose them. If they want to get you, they’ll get you, in time. --- | | | We forget ... that violence is so securely founded among us—in war, in forms of land use, in various methods of economic “growth” and “development”—because it is immensely profitable. People do not become wealthy by treating one another or the world kindly and with respect. Do we not need to remember this? Do we have a single eminent leader who would dare to remind us? —Wendell Berry, “[The Commerce of Violence](http://progressive.org/commerce-of-violence),” *The Progressive*, June 2013 | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | welcome to [rat haus reality](rat_haus.html) | [rat haus reality](rat_haus.html) | [enter the site](rat_haus.html) |

https://ratical.org/

<html> <head> <META name="keywords" content="Aaron Cake, aaroncake, electronics, antique, radios, computers, circuits, projects, spudgun, spudguns, spud, guns, BASIC, RX-7, rx7, mazda, rotary, inventions"> <meta http-equiv="Page-Enter" content="revealTrans(Duration=2.0,Transition=3)"> <title>Aaron's Homepage</title> <LINK REL=STYLESHEET HREF="./pagestyle.css" TYPE="text/css"> <SCRIPT LANGUAGE = "JavaScript">  </script> <script language="JavaScript">  </script> </head> <body bgcolor= "#0C3B8A" text = "#E4E5FF" link= "#6388C8" Vlink = "#A9A9A9" alink = "#FFFF00"> <center> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="5"> <tr> <td><center><a href="./moreme.htm" onMouseOver="document.imgmap1.src=imgAboutMyself3D.src"; onMouseOut="document.imgmap1.src=imgAboutMyselfFlat.src" style="background:#0C3B8A"><img src="./imgmap1.gif" alt="About Myself" border="0" name="imgmap1" height="59" width="71"></a></center></td> <td><center><a href="./electronics/index.html" onMouseOver="document.imgmap2.src=imgElectronics3D.src"; onMouseOut="document.imgmap2.src=imgElectronicsFlat.src" style="background:#0C3B8A"><img src="./imgmap2.gif" alt="Electronics" border="0" name="imgmap2" width="125" height="60"></a></center></td> <td><center><a href="./projects/index.html" onMouseOver="document.imgmap3.src=imgProjects3D.src"; onMouseOut="document.imgmap3.src=imgProjectsFlat.src" style="background:#0C3B8A"><img src="./imgmap3.gif" alt="My Projects" border="0" name="imgmap3" width="92" height="59"></a></center></td> <td><center><a href="./files/index.html" onMouseOver="document.imgmap4.src=imgFiles3D.src"; onMouseOut="document.imgmap4.src=imgFilesFlat.src" style="background:#0C3B8A"><img src="./imgmap4.gif" alt="Files" border="0" name="imgmap4" width="92" height="59"></a></center></td> <td><center><a href="./spuds/index.asp" onMouseOver="document.imgmap5.src=imgSpudguns3D.src"; onMouseOut="document.imgmap5.src=imgSpudgunsFlat.src" style="background:#0C3B8A"><img src="./imgmap5.gif" alt="Spudguns" border="0" name="imgmap5" width="117" height="60"></a></center></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="5"><center><img src="./title.gif" height="204" width="583" alt="Aaron's Homepage"></center></td> </tr> <tr> <td><center><a href="./RX-7/" onMouseOver="document.imgmap9.src=imgSignGuestbook3D.src"; onMouseOut="document.imgmap9.src=imgSignGuestbookFlat.src" style="background:#0C3B8A"><img src="./imgmap9.gif" alt="My 1986 Mazda RX-7" border="0" name="imgmap9" width="127" height="60"></a></center></td> <td><center><a href="./76cosmo/index.asp" onMouseOver="document.imgmap6.src=imgCosmo3D.src"; onMouseOut="document.imgmap6.src=imgCosmoFlat.src" style="background:#0C3B8A"><img src="./imgmap6.gif" alt="My 1976 Mazda Cosmo" border="0" name="imgmap6" width="130" height="60"></a></center></td> <td><center><a href="./websites.htm" onMouseOver="document.imgmap7.src=imgWebsites3D.src"; onMouseOut="document.imgmap7.src=imgWebsitesFlat.src" style="background:#0C3B8A"><img src="./imgmap7.gif" alt="My Favourite Websites" border="0" name="imgmap7" width="152" height="60"></a></center></td> <td><center><a href="./gbook.htm" onMouseOver="document.imgmap8.src=imgViewGuestbook3D.src"; onMouseOut="document.imgmap8.src=imgViewGuestbookFlat.src" style="background:#0C3B8A"><img src="./imgmap8.gif" alt="Guestbook" border="0" name="imgmap8" width="126" height="60"></a></center></td> <td><center><a href="./search.htm" onMouseOver="document.imgmap10.src=imgSearch3D.src"; onMouseOut="document.imgmap10.src=imgSearchFlat.src" style="background:#0C3B8A"><img src="./imgmap10.gif" alt="Search" border="0" name="imgmap10" width="152" height="60"></a></center></td> </tr> </table> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="5"> <tr> <td> <center> <a href="https://www.aaroncake.net/store" onMouseOver="document.imgmap13.src=imgStore3D.src"; onMouseOut="document.imgmap13.src=imgStoreFlat.src" style="background:#0C3B8A"><img src="./imgmap13.gif" alt="Store" border="0" name="imgmap13" width="168" height="60"></a> </center> </td> <td> <center> <a href="./forum/default.asp" onMouseOver="document.imgmap11.src=imgForum3D.src"; onMouseOut="document.imgmap11.src=imgForumFlat.src" style="background:#0C3B8A"><img src="./imgmap11.gif" alt="The Forum" border="0" name="imgmap11" width="129" height="60"></a> </center> </td> <td> <center> <a href="./misc/index.html" onMouseOver="document.imgmap12.src=imgMisc3D.src"; onMouseOut="document.imgmap12.src=imgMiscFlat.src" style="background:#0C3B8A"><img src="./imgmap12.gif" alt="Miscellaneous" border="0" name="imgmap12" width="200" height="60"></a> </center> </td> </tr> </table> </center> <p> <hr size="10" width="75%" color="#072653"> <i>Aaron's Homepage</i> is the personal website of Aaron Cake. It contains a wide variety of information related to my various interests. You'll find a massive <a href="./circuits">electronic circuits</a> archive as well as other <a href="./electronics">electronics information</a>, <a href="./rx-7">Mazda rotary</a> (including <a href="./rx-7/myrx-7.htm">my highly modified 2nd Gen RX-7</a>), <a href="./projects">crazy and non-crazy</a> projects, antique electronics, <a href="./spuds">potato guns</a>, assorted ramblings, <a href="./misc">auto show pictures</a> a little <a href="./moreme.htm">about myself</a>, an active <a href="./forum">community forum</a> and everything in between. <i>Aaron's Homepage</i> undergoes major updates about twice a year and has been in operation since 1995 (28 years). <hr size="10" width="50%" color="#072653"> <p><center> <form> <script language="JavaScript">  </script> </form> </center> <hr size="10" width="50%" color="#072653"> <p align="center"><i>If you have any questions, comments or concerns, you can mail me <a href="./contact.asp">here</a>.</i> <hr size="10" width="50%" color="#072653"> <center> <table width="100%"> <tr> <td bgcolor="#072653" width="100%"><h3><center>Latest News</center></h3></td> </tr> </table> </center> <p> <center> <table border="0" cellspacing="3" width="100%"> <tr> <td bgcolor="#072653"><center><b>2022 - 2023 Auto Show Pictures Added (And Bothwell 2019)</b></Center></td> <td bgcolor="#072653" width="30%"><center>Sunday, November 12, 2023, 11:58:19 AM</Center></td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="#072653"> <td bgcolor="#072653" colspan="2">I just added a big dump of auto show pictures to the <a href="./misc/">Misc. section</a>. With the pandemic over and shows running again, here are pictures from <a href="./misc/bothwell2022.asp">Bothwell 2022</a>, <a href="./misc/naias2022.asp">2022 North American International Auto Show</a>, <a href="./misc/autorama2023.asp">Autorama 2023</a>, <a href="./misc/cias2023.asp">Canadian International Auto Show 2023</a>, <a href="./misc/bothwell2023.asp">Bothwell 2023 Old Autos Show</a> and <a href="./misc/naias2023.asp">2023 North American International Auto Show</a>. For a bonus, also the <a href="./misc/bothwell2019.asp">Bothwell 2019</a> old autos show.</td> </tr> </table> </center> <p> <center> <table border="0" cellspacing="3" width="100%"> <tr> <td bgcolor="#072653"><center><b>Added Cosmo Restoration Video: Part 55: Air Suspension 1 - Rear Bags - My 76 Mazda RX-5 Cosmo Restoration</b></Center></td> <td bgcolor="#072653" width="30%"><center>Friday, October 27, 2023, 5:34:25 PM</Center></td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="#072653"> <td bgcolor="#072653" colspan="2"><img src="./76cosmo/images/part55thumb.jpg" border="0" align="left" alt="Part 55: Air Suspension 1 - Rear Bags - My 76 Mazda RX-5 Cosmo Restoration"> Part 55 of my <a href = "./76cosmo/">1976 Mazda RX-5 Cosmo Restoration</a> has been posted to <a href = "http://www.youtube.com/aaroncake">YouTube</a>. Episode 55 begins the project I've wanted to do since even before I bought the Cosmo: air suspension! In this video I modify the rear trailing arm to accept the air springs, create mounts to allow access to the bolts and fittings, then modify the frame rails with new spring perches. Lots of metal work and fabrication to get the rear end bagged. Enjoy!... <a href = "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d9292ugJF-I" target = "youtubenewwindow">(more)</a></td> </tr> </table> </center> <p> <center> <table border="0" cellspacing="3" width="100%"> <tr> <td bgcolor="#072653"><center><b>Added Cosmo Restoration Video: Part 54: Better HVAC Bracket and Improved Balls - My 76 Mazda RX-5 Cosmo Restoration</b></Center></td> <td bgcolor="#072653" width="30%"><center>Thursday, January 05, 2023, 8:23:35 PM</Center></td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="#072653"> <td bgcolor="#072653" colspan="2"><img src="./76cosmo/images/part54thumb.jpg" border="0" align="left" alt="Part 54: Better HVAC Bracket and Improved Balls - My 76 Mazda RX-5 Cosmo Restoration"> Part 54 of my <a href = "./76cosmo/">1976 Mazda RX-5 Cosmo Restoration</a> has been posted to <a href = "http://www.youtube.com/aaroncake">YouTube</a>. Time to tackle two more aspects of my previous work I am unhappy with. In part 54, I'm re-fabricating the bracket used to adapt the Vintage Air Compac Gen 2 HVAC unit (parts 29-31) and fixing an issue with the front camber I created when I used Mazda 626 ball joints to allow use of FC RX-7 spindles (parts 39 - 40). Years of looking at my poorly designed HVAC brackets weighed heavy on my c... <a href = "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UUzayFHZ-pw" target = "youtubenewwindow">(more)</a></td> </tr> </table> </center> <p> <center> <table width="100%"> <tr> <td bgcolor="#072653" width="100%" align="right"><a href="./index.asp?viewnews=all">View All News</a></td> </tr> </table> </center> <hr size="10" width="50%" color="#072653"> <p align=center>Last Update: Sunday, November 12, 2023</p> </body> </html>

Aaron's Homepage   | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | [About Myself](./moreme.htm) | [Electronics](./electronics/index.html) | [My Projects](./projects/index.html) | [Files](./files/index.html) | [Spudguns](./spuds/index.asp) | | Aaron's Homepage | | [My 1986 Mazda RX-7](./RX-7/) | [My 1976 Mazda Cosmo](./76cosmo/index.asp) | [My Favourite Websites](./websites.htm) | [Guestbook](./gbook.htm) | [Search](./search.htm) | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | [Store](https://www.aaroncake.net/store) | [The Forum](./forum/default.asp) | [Miscellaneous](./misc/index.html) | --- *Aaron's Homepage* is the personal website of Aaron Cake. It contains a wide variety of information related to my various interests. You'll find a massive [electronic circuits](./circuits) archive as well as other [electronics information](./electronics), [Mazda rotary](./rx-7) (including [my highly modified 2nd Gen RX-7](./rx-7/myrx-7.htm)), [crazy and non-crazy](./projects) projects, antique electronics, [potato guns](./spuds), assorted ramblings, [auto show pictures](./misc) a little [about myself](./moreme.htm), an active [community forum](./forum) and everything in between. *Aaron's Homepage* undergoes major updates about twice a year and has been in operation since 1995 (28 years). ---  --- *If you have any questions, comments or concerns, you can mail me [here](./contact.asp).* --- | | | --- | | Latest News | | | | | --- | --- | | **2022 - 2023 Auto Show Pictures Added (And Bothwell 2019)** | Sunday, November 12, 2023, 11:58:19 AM | | I just added a big dump of auto show pictures to the [Misc. section](./misc/). With the pandemic over and shows running again, here are pictures from [Bothwell 2022](./misc/bothwell2022.asp), [2022 North American International Auto Show](./misc/naias2022.asp), [Autorama 2023](./misc/autorama2023.asp), [Canadian International Auto Show 2023](./misc/cias2023.asp), [Bothwell 2023 Old Autos Show](./misc/bothwell2023.asp) and [2023 North American International Auto Show](./misc/naias2023.asp). For a bonus, also the [Bothwell 2019](./misc/bothwell2019.asp) old autos show. | | | | | --- | --- | | **Added Cosmo Restoration Video: Part 55: Air Suspension 1 - Rear Bags - My 76 Mazda RX-5 Cosmo Restoration** | Friday, October 27, 2023, 5:34:25 PM | | Part 55: Air Suspension 1 - Rear Bags - My 76 Mazda RX-5 Cosmo Restoration Part 55 of my [1976 Mazda RX-5 Cosmo Restoration](./76cosmo/) has been posted to [YouTube](http://www.youtube.com/aaroncake). Episode 55 begins the project I've wanted to do since even before I bought the Cosmo: air suspension! In this video I modify the rear trailing arm to accept the air springs, create mounts to allow access to the bolts and fittings, then modify the frame rails with new spring perches. Lots of metal work and fabrication to get the rear end bagged. Enjoy!... [(more)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d9292ugJF-I) | | | | | --- | --- | | **Added Cosmo Restoration Video: Part 54: Better HVAC Bracket and Improved Balls - My 76 Mazda RX-5 Cosmo Restoration** | Thursday, January 05, 2023, 8:23:35 PM | | Part 54: Better HVAC Bracket and Improved Balls - My 76 Mazda RX-5 Cosmo Restoration Part 54 of my [1976 Mazda RX-5 Cosmo Restoration](./76cosmo/) has been posted to [YouTube](http://www.youtube.com/aaroncake). Time to tackle two more aspects of my previous work I am unhappy with. In part 54, I'm re-fabricating the bracket used to adapt the Vintage Air Compac Gen 2 HVAC unit (parts 29-31) and fixing an issue with the front camber I created when I used Mazda 626 ball joints to allow use of FC RX-7 spindles (parts 39 - 40). Years of looking at my poorly designed HVAC brackets weighed heavy on my c... [(more)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UUzayFHZ-pw) | | | | --- | | [View All News](./index.asp?viewnews=all) | --- Last Update: Sunday, November 12, 2023

https://aaroncake.net/

<html> <head> <title>The bitsavers main page</title> </head> <center> <BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"> <h1>bitsavers.org</h1> <img src="./CoDE_BW.jpg" align=auto height=200 width=400 /img> <h3>Bitsavers'<br> <a href="./bits/">Software Archive</a><br> <a href="./pdf/">Computing Archive</a><br> <a href="./communications/">Communications Archive</a><br> <a href="./components/">Components Archive</a><br> <a href="./magazines/">Magazine Archive</a><br> <a href="./test_equipment/">Test Equipment Archive</a><br> <hr> <br> <h2>2023-10-6</h2> <img src="./code.jpg" align=auto height=100 width=100 /img> <h3>People are downloading the ENTIRE site through the web interface which is INCREDIBLY INEFFICENT!</h3> <h3>USE ANONYMOUS RSYNC.. That's what it's there for!</h3> <h3>If you're rsyncing, and are willing to offer anonymous rsync service, please let me know at the adr below</h3> <br> <hr> <h3>As of Aug, 2023 there are over 152000 files including over 7.58 million text pages in the archive. <br> </center> <hr> <h2>Bitsavers Updates RSS</h2> RSS feeds for bitsavers updates are available <br><a href="http://bitsavers.org/rss/bits.xml">bits</a> <br><a href="http://bitsavers.org/rss/comms.xml">communications</a> <br><a href="http://bitsavers.org/rss/comp.xml">components</a> <br><a href="http://bitsavers.org/rss/mags.xml">magazines</a> <br><a href="http://bitsavers.org/rss/pdf.xml">pdf</a> <br><a href="http://bitsavers.org/rss/te.xml">test_equipment</a> <hr> <h2>Mastodon</h2> <a href="https://oldbytes.space/deck/@bitsavers"> bitsavers' social media presence</a> <hr> <h2>Active Mirrors</h2> <h3>Web</h3> <a href="http://bitsavers.computerhistory.org/">bitsavers.computerhistory.org</a><br> <a href="http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/">bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de</a><br> <a href="http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/">bitsavers.trailing-edge.com</a><br> <a href="http://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/www.bitsavers.org/">University of Kent</a><br> <a href="http://ftpmirror.your.org/pub/misc/bitsavers/">ftpmirror.your.org</a><br> <a href="http://www.bighole.nl/pub/mirror/www.bitsavers.org/">www.bighole.nl</a><br> <a href="https://archive.decromancer.ca/bitsavers.org/">decromancer.ca</a><br> <h3>FTP</h3> <a href="ftp://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/">bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de</a><br> <a href="ftp://ftp.mirrorservice.org/sites/www.bitsavers.org/">University of Kent</a><br> <a href="ftp://ftpmirror.your.org/pub/misc/bitsavers/">ftpmirror.your.org</a><br> <br> <h3>RSYNC</h3> <a href="rsync://ftpmirror.your.org/everything/pub/misc/bitsavers/">ftpmirror.your.org</a><br> <br> rsync is the preferred method for cloning and syncing with the archive.<br> This site has no javascript, data bases or any of that Web 2.0 stuff<br> It was designed to be cloned as-is to be an exact copy of bitsavers.org<br> <br> You can clone the entire archive with<br> <br> rsync -av --delete rsync://bitsavers.org:/bitsavers/ bitsavers/<br> <br> As of Oct, 2023, the entire archive is around 1.4tb<br> <br> There was a big bump in archive size because of the preservation of NetBSD iso archival releases<br> If you are syncing, be warned that file names, dates and <br> their location in the hierarchy change (<b>these aren't permalinks</b>) <br> The --delete in the rsync is important<br> <hr> <h2>Archive Indexing</h2> An index file is maintained at the top level of each category heirarchy<br> <a href="./pdf/IndexByDate.txt">IndexByDate.txt</a> is updated each time an indexed document is added to the archive.<br> These files are what drives the rss feeds <hr> <h2>Snapshots/Mirrors</h2> <table> <tr><td><ul> <li>Jul 2004 <a href="./pdp-11.trailing-edge.com/"> shapshot</a> of pdp-11.trailing-edge.com <li>Jan 2005 <a href="./simh.trailing-edge.com/"> shapshot</a> of simh.trailing-edge.com <li>Jun 2012 <a href="./simh.trailing-edge.com_201206/"> snapshot</a> of simh.trailing-edge.com <li> <a href="./www.computer.museum.uq.edu.au/">scans</a> from the University of Queensland <li> <a href="http://bitsavers.org/bits/NetBSD/netbsd.org/">NetBSD release archive 1.0 to the present </ul></td></tr> </table> <hr> <h2>The PDF Document Format</h2> Documents here are kept in a minimal subset of PDF format, just using it as a<br> container for lossless Group 4 fax compression (ITU-T recommendation T.6) images.<br> Contributions are normally post-processed by tools to put them in exactly this format.<br> <br> Documents were scanned using a Ricoh IS520 400dpi 30ppm B&W duplex production scanner<br> from the late 90's through 2007.<br><br> Conversion to higher performance Kodak DS 2500D scanning occured in July, 2007.<br> The 2500D is an OEM version of the Panasonic KV-S2055 scanner.<br><br> In 2008, the Kodak was replaced by a Panasonic KV-S3065W, which<br> is capable of duplex color 600dpi scanning, and has the capability to scan<br> sheets 100 inches long.<br><br> Post-processing is done using Lemkesoft's <a https://www.lemkesoft.de/en/products/graphicconverter</a><br> TIFF to PDF conversion is done using Eric Smith's <a href=http://tumble.brouhaha.com>tumble</a><br> A final OCR step is done with Acrobat Pro.<br> I've continued to use tumble since it is MUCH faster than Acrobat for tif to pdf conversion.<br> <br> The preferred form for any contributed text scan is as a collection of lossless<br> Group 4 fax compression (ITU-T recommendation T.6) images saved as TIFF<br> files with a minium scan resolution of 400 dpi.<br> <br> Lower scan resolutions produce noticable artifacts if a page needs to be<br> straightened in post-processing.<br> <br> Lossy compression formats, such as JPEG, should NEVER be used to save pages<br> of text, since the compression format destroys edge resolution and contrast<br> <h2>OCR</h2> OCR has been part of the post-processing of scans for many years now<br> and is slowly being applied to older pdf files. It is a slow process and<br> it will take many years to complete. <br> <hr> <h2>Document Scanning Station</h2> <p> <img src="./scanning.jpg" align=auto height=200 width=400 /img> <img src="./databooks.jpg" align=auto height=200 width=200 /img> </p> <br> <hr> <h2>Tape processing over the years</h2> These were taken in rooms that no longer exist at CHM, ca. 2006.<br> The rooms were demolished when the Revolution exhibit was built.<br> They were roughly where the gift shop and orientation theatre are now.<br> You can see four XServe RAIDs which are still in use in 2021 with 2.5" 1tb Toshiba SATA drives and PATA/SATA adapters. <p> <img src="./tapes.jpg" align=auto height=200 width=160 /img> <img src="./oven.jpg" align=auto height=200 /img> <img src="./oven_inside.jpg" align=auto height=200 /img> </p> <hr> <h2>Where does the source material come from?</h2> Most of the documents are from my personal collection that I have either bought or been given over the course of many decades in the computer industry, or have been loaned to me for scanning. <br><br> I have a VERY large backlog of material to scan and don't actively solicit material to work on. <br><br> If I do decide to scan something from a donor I will return it if requested. <br><br> Unless it is a very rare document I probably won't accept something that requires manual scanning, since scanning time in my day is limited. <br><br> I do not personally archive any paper that has been scanned. <br><br> The scanning process I use is destructive. Bindings are removed and paper is recycled. <br><br> Original documents that are still in good condition may be donated to the Computer History Museum for archiving, depending on if they are within CHM's collecting scope. <br><br> The CHM running lot number for my donated documents is <a href="http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/search/?s=X6512.2012">X6512.2012</a> <br><br> This project was started to downsize my collection of paper in the early 90's and continues to be its primary purpose. <hr> and.. the site looks this way for a reason, to leave it static and easy to mirror, so don't remind me that it looks like it's from 1995 <br> <br> <img src="./aek.png" align=auto height=50 width=100 /img> at bitsavers dot org<br> <br> </body> </html>

The bitsavers main page # bitsavers.org ![](./CoDE_BW.jpg) ### Bitsavers' [Software Archive](./bits/) [Computing Archive](./pdf/) [Communications Archive](./communications/) [Components Archive](./components/) [Magazine Archive](./magazines/) [Test Equipment Archive](./test_equipment/) --- 2023-10-6 People are downloading the ENTIRE site through the web interface which is INCREDIBLY INEFFICENT! USE ANONYMOUS RSYNC.. That's what it's there for! If you're rsyncing, and are willing to offer anonymous rsync service, please let me know at the adr below --- As of Aug, 2023 there are over 152000 files including over 7.58 million text pages in the archive. --- ## Bitsavers Updates RSS RSS feeds for bitsavers updates are available [bits](http://bitsavers.org/rss/bits.xml) [communications](http://bitsavers.org/rss/comms.xml) [components](http://bitsavers.org/rss/comp.xml) [magazines](http://bitsavers.org/rss/mags.xml) [pdf](http://bitsavers.org/rss/pdf.xml) [test\_equipment](http://bitsavers.org/rss/te.xml) --- ## Mastodon [bitsavers' social media presence](https://oldbytes.space/deck/@bitsavers) --- ## Active Mirrors ### Web [bitsavers.computerhistory.org](http://bitsavers.computerhistory.org/) [bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de](http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/) [bitsavers.trailing-edge.com](http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/) [University of Kent](http://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/www.bitsavers.org/) [ftpmirror.your.org](http://ftpmirror.your.org/pub/misc/bitsavers/) [www.bighole.nl](http://www.bighole.nl/pub/mirror/www.bitsavers.org/) [decromancer.ca](https://archive.decromancer.ca/bitsavers.org/) ### FTP [bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de](ftp://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/) [University of Kent](ftp://ftp.mirrorservice.org/sites/www.bitsavers.org/) [ftpmirror.your.org](ftp://ftpmirror.your.org/pub/misc/bitsavers/) ### RSYNC [ftpmirror.your.org](rsync://ftpmirror.your.org/everything/pub/misc/bitsavers/) rsync is the preferred method for cloning and syncing with the archive. This site has no javascript, data bases or any of that Web 2.0 stuff It was designed to be cloned as-is to be an exact copy of bitsavers.org You can clone the entire archive with rsync -av --delete rsync://bitsavers.org:/bitsavers/ bitsavers/ As of Oct, 2023, the entire archive is around 1.4tb There was a big bump in archive size because of the preservation of NetBSD iso archival releases If you are syncing, be warned that file names, dates and their location in the hierarchy change (**these aren't permalinks**) The --delete in the rsync is important --- ## Archive Indexing An index file is maintained at the top level of each category heirarchy [IndexByDate.txt](./pdf/IndexByDate.txt) is updated each time an indexed document is added to the archive. These files are what drives the rss feeds --- ## Snapshots/Mirrors | | | --- | | * Jul 2004 [shapshot](./pdp-11.trailing-edge.com/) of pdp-11.trailing-edge.com * Jan 2005 [shapshot](./simh.trailing-edge.com/) of simh.trailing-edge.com * Jun 2012 [snapshot](./simh.trailing-edge.com_201206/) of simh.trailing-edge.com * [scans](./www.computer.museum.uq.edu.au/) from the University of Queensland * [NetBSD release archive 1.0 to the present](http://bitsavers.org/bits/NetBSD/netbsd.org/) | --- ## The PDF Document Format Documents here are kept in a minimal subset of PDF format, just using it as a container for lossless Group 4 fax compression (ITU-T recommendation T.6) images. Contributions are normally post-processed by tools to put them in exactly this format. Documents were scanned using a Ricoh IS520 400dpi 30ppm B&W duplex production scanner from the late 90's through 2007. Conversion to higher performance Kodak DS 2500D scanning occured in July, 2007. The 2500D is an OEM version of the Panasonic KV-S2055 scanner. In 2008, the Kodak was replaced by a Panasonic KV-S3065W, which is capable of duplex color 600dpi scanning, and has the capability to scan sheets 100 inches long. Post-processing is done using Lemkesoft's TIFF to PDF conversion is done using Eric Smith's [tumble](http://tumble.brouhaha.com) A final OCR step is done with Acrobat Pro. I've continued to use tumble since it is MUCH faster than Acrobat for tif to pdf conversion. The preferred form for any contributed text scan is as a collection of lossless Group 4 fax compression (ITU-T recommendation T.6) images saved as TIFF files with a minium scan resolution of 400 dpi. Lower scan resolutions produce noticable artifacts if a page needs to be straightened in post-processing. Lossy compression formats, such as JPEG, should NEVER be used to save pages of text, since the compression format destroys edge resolution and contrast ## OCR OCR has been part of the post-processing of scans for many years now and is slowly being applied to older pdf files. It is a slow process and it will take many years to complete. --- ## Document Scanning Station ![](./scanning.jpg) ![](./databooks.jpg) --- ## Tape processing over the years These were taken in rooms that no longer exist at CHM, ca. 2006. The rooms were demolished when the Revolution exhibit was built. They were roughly where the gift shop and orientation theatre are now. You can see four XServe RAIDs which are still in use in 2021 with 2.5" 1tb Toshiba SATA drives and PATA/SATA adapters. ![](./tapes.jpg) ![](./oven.jpg) ![](./oven_inside.jpg) --- ## Where does the source material come from? Most of the documents are from my personal collection that I have either bought or been given over the course of many decades in the computer industry, or have been loaned to me for scanning. I have a VERY large backlog of material to scan and don't actively solicit material to work on. If I do decide to scan something from a donor I will return it if requested. Unless it is a very rare document I probably won't accept something that requires manual scanning, since scanning time in my day is limited. I do not personally archive any paper that has been scanned. The scanning process I use is destructive. Bindings are removed and paper is recycled. Original documents that are still in good condition may be donated to the Computer History Museum for archiving, depending on if they are within CHM's collecting scope. The CHM running lot number for my donated documents is [X6512.2012](http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/search/?s=X6512.2012) This project was started to downsize my collection of paper in the early 90's and continues to be its primary purpose. --- and.. the site looks this way for a reason, to leave it static and easy to mirror, so don't remind me that it looks like it's from 1995 ![](./aek.png) at bitsavers dot org

http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-ca"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"> <meta name="author" content="Tristan Miller"/> <title> Why I Will Never Have a Girlfriend | Tristan Miller </title>  <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://logological.org/apple-touch-icon.png?v=20210610"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="https://logological.org/favicon-32x32.png?v=20210610"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://logological.org/favicon-16x16.png?v=20210610"> <link rel="manifest" href="https://logological.org/site.webmanifest?v=20210610"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="https://logological.org/safari-pinned-tab.svg?v=20210610" color="#333355"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://logological.org/favicon.ico?v=20210610"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff">  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://logological.org/theme/css/startbootstrap-resume/styles.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://logological.org/theme/font-awesome/css/all.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://logological.org/theme/materialdesignicons/css/materialdesignicons.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://logological.org/theme/academicons/css/academicons.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://logological.org/theme/css/biblet.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://logological.org/theme/css/codehilite.css">   </head> <body id="page-top" >  <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-dark fixed-top" id="sideNav" lang="en-ca"> <a class="navbar-brand js-scroll-trigger link-light" href="https://logological.org/"> <span class="d-block d-lg-none">Tristan Miller</span> <span class="d-none d-lg-block"><img class="img-fluid img-profile rounded-circle mx-auto mb-2" src="/images/miller_20200512-square.jpg" alt="Tristan Miller" /></span> </a> <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbarResponsive" aria-controls="navbarResponsive" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"><span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span></button> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarResponsive"> <ul class="navbar-nav"> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link js-scroll-trigger" href="/#news">Research News</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link js-scroll-trigger" href="/#publications">Publications</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link js-scroll-trigger" href="/#projects">Projects</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link js-scroll-trigger" href="/#miscellany">Miscellany</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link js-scroll-trigger" href="/miller_cv.pdf">CV <i class="fas fa-download"></i></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <div class="container-fluid p-0"> <section class="page-section"> <div class="page-section-content"> <script type="text/javascript" async src="https://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-MML-AM_CHTML"> </script> <h1>Why I will never have a girlfriend</h1> <p>Tristan Miller<br /> German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence<a href="#footnote1" id="footmark1"><sup>1</sup></a><br /> 20 December 1999</p> <h2>Why don't I have a girlfriend?</h2> <p>This is a question that practically every male has asked himself at one point or another in his life. Unfortunately, there is rarely a hard and fast answer to the query. Many men try to reason their way through the dilemma nonetheless, often reaching a series of ridiculous explanations, each more self-deprecating than the last: "Is it because I'm too shy, and not aggressive enough? Is it my opening lines? Am I a boring person? Am I too fat or too thin? Or am I simply ugly and completely unattractive to women?" When all other plausible explanations have been discounted, most fall back on the time-honoured conclusion that "there must be Something Wrong™ with me" before resigning themselves to lives of perpetual chastity.<a href="#footnote2" id="footmark2"><sup>2</sup></a></p> <p>Not the author, though. I, for one, refuse to spend my life brooding over my lack of luck with women. While I'll be the first to admit that my chances of ever entering into a meaningful relationship with someone special are practically non-existent, I staunchly refuse to admit that it has anything to do with some inherent problem with <em>me</em>. Instead, I am convinced that the situation can be readily explained in purely scientific terms, using nothing more than demographics and some elementary statistical calculus.</p> <p>Lest anyone suspect that my standards for women are too high, let me allay those fears by enumerating in advance my three criteria for the match. First, the potential girlfriend must be approximately my age—let's say 21 plus or minus three or four years. Second, the girl must be beautiful (and I use that term all-encompassingly to refer to both inner and outer beauty). Third, she must also be reasonably intelligent—she doesn't have to be <em>Mensa</em> material, but the ability to carry on a witty, insightful argument would be nice. So there they are—three simple demands, which I'm sure everyone will agree are anything but unreasonable.</p> <p>That said, I now present my demonstration of why the probability of finding a suitable candidate fulfilling the three above-noted requirements is so small as to be practically impossible—in other words, why I will never have a girlfriend. I shall endeavour to make this proof as rigorous as the available data permits. And I should note, too, that there will be no statistical trickery involved here; I have cited all my sources and provided all relevant calculations<a href="#footnote3" id="footmark3"><sup>3</sup></a> in case anyone wishes to conduct their own independent review. Let's now take a look at the figures.</p> <h2>Number of people on Earth (in 1998): 5 592 830 000<a href="#footnote4" id="footmark4.0"><sup>4</sup></a></h2> <p>We start with the largest demographic in which I am interested—namely, the population of this planet. That is not to say I'm against the idea of interstellar romance, of course; I just don't assess the prospect of finding myself a nice Altairian girl as statistically significant. Now anyway, the latest halfway-reliable figures we have for Earth's population come from the United States Census Bureau's 1999 <em>World Population Profile</em> (<em>WP/98</em>). Due presumably to the time involved in compiling and processing census statistics, said report's data is valid only as of 1998, so later on we'll be making some impromptu adjustments to bring the numbers up to date.</p> <h2>…who are female: 2 941 118 000<a href="#footnote5" id="footmark5.0"><sup>5</sup></a></h2> <p>I'd've thought that, given the title of this essay, this criterion goes without saying. In case anyone missed it, though, I am looking for exclusively <em>female</em> companionship. Accordingly, roughly half of the Earth's population must be discounted. Sorry, guys.</p> <h2>…in "developed" countries: 605 601 000<a href="#footnote5" id="footmark5.1"><sup>5</sup></a></h2> <p>We now further restrict the geographical area of interest to so-called "first-world countries". My reasons for doing so are not motivated out of contempt for those who are economically disadvantaged, but rather by simple probability. My chances of meeting a babe from Bhutan or a goddess from Ghana, either in person or on the Internet, are understandably low. In fact, I will most likely spend nearly my entire life living and working in North America, Europe, and Australia, so it is to these types of regions that the numbers have been narrowed.</p> <h2>…currently (in 2000) aged 18 to 25: 65 399 083<a href="#footnote4" id="footmark4.1"><sup>4</sup></a><sup>, </sup><a href="#footnote5" id="footmark5.2"><sup>5</sup></a></h2> <p>Being neither a pedophile nor a geriatrophile, I would like to restrict my search for love to those whose age is approximately equal to my own. This is where things get a bit tricky, for two reasons: first, the census data is nearly two years old, and second, the "population by age" tables in <em>WP/98</em> are not separated into individual ages but are instead quantized into "15–19" (of whom there are 39 560 000) and "20–44" (population 215 073 000). Women aged 15 to 19 in 1998 will be aged 17 to 21 in 2000; in this group, I'm interested in dating those 18 or older, so, assuming the "15–19" girls' ages are uniformly distributed, we have \[39\,560\,000 \times \frac{\left| 21 - 18 \right| + 1}{\left| 19 - 15 \right| + 1} = 31\,648\,000.\] Similarly, of 1998's "20–44" category, there are now \[215\,073\,000 \times \frac{\left| 25 - 22 \right| + 1}{\left| 44 - 20 \right| + 1} = 34\,411\,680\] females within my chosen age limit. The sum, 66 059 680, represents the total number of females aged 18 to 25 in developed countries in 2000. Unfortunately, roughly 1% of these girls will have died since the census was taken;<a href="#footnote6" id="footmark6"><sup>6</sup></a> thus, the true number of so-far eligible bachelorettes is 65 399 083.</p> <h2>…who are beautiful: 1 487 838</h2> <p>Personal attraction, both physically and personality-wise, is an important instigator of any relationship. Of course, beauty is a purely subjective trait whose interpretation may vary from person to person. Luckily it is not necessary for me to define beauty in this essay except to state that for any given beholder, it will probably be normally distributed amongst the population.<a href="#footnote7" id="footmark7"><sup>7</sup></a> Without going into the specifics of precisely which traits I admire, I will say that for a girl to be considered really beautiful to me, she should fall at least two standard deviations above the norm. From basic statistics theory, the area to the left of the normal curve at <em>z</em> = 2 is \[\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{\sqrt{2 \pi}} \cdot \int_{0}^{2} e^{-\frac{1}{2}z^2} dz~\approx~0.022\,75\] and so it is this number with which we multiply our current population pool.</p> <h2>…and intelligent: 236 053</h2> <p>Again, intelligence can mean different things to different people, yet I am once more relieved of making any explanation by noting that it, like most other characteristics, has a notionally normal distribution across the population. Let's assume that I will settle for someone a mere one standard deviation above the normal; in that case, a further \[\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2 \pi}} \cdot \int_{0}^{1} e^{-\frac{1}{2}z^2} dz~\approx~84.1345\%\] of the population must be discounted.</p> <h2>…and not already committed: 118 027</h2> <p>I could find no hard statistics on the number of above-noted girls who are already married, engaged, or otherwise committed to a significant other, but informal observation and anecdotal evidence leads me to believe that the proportion is somewhere around 50%. (Fellow unattached males will no doubt have also noticed a preponderance of girls legitimately offering, "Sorry, I already have a boyfriend" as an excuse not to go on a date.) For reasons of morality (and perhaps too self-preservation), I'm not about to start hitting on girls who have husbands and boyfriends. Accordingly, that portion of the female population must also be considered off-limits.</p> <h2>…and also might like me: 18 726</h2> <p>Naturally, finding a suitable girl who I really like is no guarantee that she'll like me back. Assuming, as previously mentioned, that personal attractiveness is normally distributed, there is a mere 50% chance that any given female will consider me even marginally attractive. In practice, however, people are unlikely to consider pursuing a relationship with someone whose looks and personality just barely suffice. Let's make the rather conservative assumption, then, that a girl would go out with someone if and only if they were at least one standard deviation above her idea of average. In that case, referring to our previous calculation, only 15.8655% of females would consider someone with my physical characteristics and personality acceptable as a potential romantic partner.</p> <h2>Conclusion</h2> <p>It is here, at a pool of 18 726 acceptable females, that we end our statistical analysis. At first glance, a datable population of 18 726 may not seem like such a low number, but consider this: assuming I were to go on a blind date with a new girl about my age every week, I would have to date for 3493 weeks before I found one of the 18 726. That's very nearly 67 <em>years</em>. As a North American male born in the late 1970s, my life expectancy is probably little more than 70 years, so we can safely say that I will be quite dead before I find the proverbial girl of my dreams. Come to think of it, she'll probably be dead too.</p> <hr style="margin-top:2em" /> <p style="font-style: italic">So there you have it, my friends—finally, a cogent, scientific, non-self-deprecating argument for why I will never have a girlfriend. That said, if you happen to be a girl deluded enough to think that you and I have a chance together, feel free to <a href="/">drop me a line</a>, but I warn you, you face odds of 157 060 to 1. I wouldn't bother if I were you.</p> <p style="font-style: italic"><strong>Update (2000-04-01):</strong> My sarcastic pleas for some e-mail have finally been answered. Take a look at this <a href="/fan_mail.html">letter from a hysterical female reader</a>, which I think perfectly demonstrates the point of this entire essay. (I think the fact that she's a WebTV user explains a lot—in fact, I was sure this e-mail was an April Fool's joke until I noticed the return address.)</p> <hr style="margin-bottom:2em" /> <h2>Endnotes and references</h2> <ol> <li id="footnote1"><a href="#footmark1">↩</a> This paper was written when the author was at Griffith University, Australia.</li> <li id="footnote2"><a href="#footmark2">↩</a> After a short period of brooding, of course, these males will eventually come to the realization that the real reason they were never able to get a girlfriend is that they were too discriminating with their attentions. They will consequently return to the dating scene, entering a sequence of blasé relationships with mediocre girls for whom they don't really care, until they finally marry one out of fear of spending the rest of their lives alone. I am convinced that this behaviour is the real reason for today's alarmingly high divorce rate.</li> <li id="footnote3"><a href="#footmark3">↩</a> Due to rounding, figures cited may not add up exactly.</li> <li id="footnote4"><a href="#footmark4.0">↩</a> <a href="#footmark4.1">↩</a> U.S. Bureau of the Census, <em>Report WP/98, World Population Profile: 1998</em>, Table A-3. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1999.</li> <li id="footnote5"><a href="#footmark5.0">↩</a> <a href="#footmark5.1">↩</a> <a href="#footmark5.2">↩</a> U.S. Bureau of the Census, <em>Report WP/98, World Population Profile: 1998</em>, Table A-7. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1999.</li> <li id="footnote6"><a href="#footmark6">↩</a> <em>WP/98</em> gives the annual death rate for developed countries as 10 per 1000, but does not list death rates per age group. Presumably, the death rate graphs as a bathtub curve, but in absence of any numbers supporting this hypothesis, and for the sake of simplicity, I will conservatively estimate the death rate among this age group to be 1% biennially.</li> <li id="footnote7"><a href="#footmark7">↩</a> Despite my efforts to research the matter, I could find no data on the distribution of beauty, either outer or inner, amongst the population. Perhaps attractiveness, being a largely subjective trait, does not lend itself to quantification. It is not unreasonable, however, to assume that like most other traits, it has a normal distribution. Indeed, this assumption seems to be backed up by informal observation and judgment—in any reasonably large group of people, most of them will be average-looking, and a tiny minority either exceedingly beautiful or exceedingly ugly.</li> </ol> <h2>Appendices</h2> <h3>Translations of this article</h3> <p>You are free to produce translations of this article as long as you credit me as the original author, and link back to the English original if possible. Please send me a link to your translation and I will add it to this list.</p> <ul> <li><a lang="de" href="/freundin.html">"Warum ich niemals eine Freundin haben werde"</a> (German, by Tristan Miller, 2003)</li> <li><a lang="ru" href="http://botinok.co.il/node/27209">"Почему у меня никогда не будет подруги"</a> (Russian, by БабаКлава, 2007-03-25)</li> <li><a lang="lv" href="http://vietne.wordpress.com/2007/10/09/kapec-man-nekad-nebus-draudzenes/">"Kāpēc man nekad nebūs draudzenes"</a> (Latvian, by Sandis, 2007-10-09)</li> <li><span lang="sv">"Varför har inte jag en flickvän?"</span> (Swedish, by Andreas Svensson, 2008), in the book <em lang="sv">Är tärningen kastad? Sannolikhetslära för vem som helst</em> (ISBN 978-9185765027)</li> <li><a lang="ja" href="http://longtailworld.blogspot.com/2006/06/why-i-will-never-have-girlfriend.html">"ボクに彼女ができない理由"</a> (Japanese, by Satomi Ichimura, 2010-06-06)</li> <li><a lang="zh" href="http://user.qzone.qq.com/1141293555/blog/1345109067">"为什么我永远也不会找到女朋友"</a> (Chinese, by Zhao Rongrong, 2012-08-16)</li> <li><a lang="vi" href="https://www.facebook.com/notes/nghiem-duc/tại-sao-tôi-sẽ-không-bao-giờ-có-bạn-gái/10152809504472669">"Tại sao tôi sẽ không bao giờ có bạn gái?"</a> (Vietnamese, by Nghiem Duc, 2015-02-14)</li> <li><a lang="es" href="http://data-speaks.luca-d3.com/2018/02/por-que-nunca-tendre-novia.html">"¿Por qué no tengo novia?"</a>, (Spanish, by Paloma Recuero, 2018-02-14)</li> </ul> <h3>Citations and press coverage</h3> <ul> <li>This essay was reviewed in <a href="https://revision3.com/diggnation/2005-08-05/">Episode 6 of <em>Diggnation</em></a>, released on 5 August 2005.</li> <li>This essay has an entry in Dan Crowley's <em><a href="https://books.google.de/books?id=Opvmd1DrJ84C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false">505 Unbelievably Stupid Web Pages</a></em> (Sourcebooks, 2007).</li> <li>A critique of this article by Eugen Fischer appears in Appendix D of his 2013 study <em lang="de"><a href="http://www.super-physik.de/das-vielmadchenproblem/">Das Vielmädchenproblem</a></em> (in German).</li> <li>This essay is the subject of <a lang="hr" href="http://metro-portal.hr/imamo-matematicki-odgovor-na-vjecno-pitanje-zasto-ste-jos-uvijek-sami/66395">"Imamo matematički odgovor na vječno pitanje – Zašto ste još uvijek sami?"</a>, an article in the Croatian <em><a href="http://www.metro.lu/">Metro</a></em> newspapers published on 14 December 2011.</li> <li>This essay is covered in Jo Craven McGinty's article <a href="http://www.wsj.com/articles/to-find-love-match-this-valentines-day-try-love-math-1423842975">"To Find Love Match, Try Love Math (Results Will Vary)"</a>, which appears in the 14 February 2015 issue of the <em>Wall Street Journal</em>.</li> <li>This essay is discussed in Chapter 7 of Joseph M. Reagle, Jr.'s book <em><a href="https://hackinglife.mitpress.mit.edu/">Hacking Life</a></em> (MIT Press, 2019).</li> </ul> <div class="cite"> A version of this article appears in the following publications: <ol class="bib-list"> <li class="bib-bibitem" id="cite-miller2008varfor"> <div class="bib-cover-container"><img class="bib-cover" src="https://files.nothingisreal.com/publications/Tristan_Miller/covers/artarningenkastad.png" /></div> <div class="bib-incollection"> <p><span class="bib-author">Tristan Miller.</span> <span class="bib-title"><a href="http://user.it.uu.se/%7Eandsv164/ArTarningenKastad.pdf">Varför har inte jag en flickvän? [Why I will never have a girlfriend]</a>.</span> In <span class="bib-booktitle">Är tärningen kastad? Sannolikhetslära för vem som helst</span>. Bombadil Publishing, Trollhättan, 2008. ISBN 978-91-85765-02-7. Translated by Andreas Svensson.</p> </div> </li> <li class="bib-bibitem" id="cite-miller2002bwhy"> <div class="bib-cover-container"><img class="bib-cover" src="https://files.nothingisreal.com/publications/Tristan_Miller/covers/writing8.png" /></div> <div class="bib-incollection"> <p><span class="bib-author">Tristan Miller.</span> <span class="bib-title"><a href="https://files.nothingisreal.com/publications/Tristan_Miller/miller02.pdf">Why I will never have a girlfriend</a>.</span> In <span class="bib-editor">Laurence Behrens and Leonard Rosen, editors</span>, <span class="bib-booktitle">Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum</span>. Longman, 8th edition, 2002. ISBN 978-0-321-09102-4.</p> </div></li> <li class="bib-bibitem" id="cite-miller2002awhy"> <div class="bib-cover-container"><img class="bib-cover" src="https://files.nothingisreal.com/publications/Tristan_Miller/covers/air8-3.png" /></div> <div class="bib-article"> <p><span class="bib-author">Tristan Miller.</span> <span class="bib-title"><a href="https://files.nothingisreal.com/publications/Tristan_Miller/miller02.pdf">Why I will never have a girlfriend</a>.</span> <span class="bib-journaltitle"><a href="http://www.improbable.com/">The Annals of Improbable Research</a></span>, 8(3):13–17, 2002. ISSN 1079-5146.</p> </div></li> <li class="bib-bibitem" id="cite-miller2001why"> <div class="bib-cover-container"><img class="bib-cover" src="https://files.nothingisreal.com/publications/Tristan_Miller/covers/sequence.png" /></div> <div class="bib-incollection"> <p><span class="bib-author">Tristan Miller.</span> <span class="bib-title"><a href="https://files.nothingisreal.com/publications/Tristan_Miller/miller02.pdf">Why I will never have a girlfriend</a>.</span> In <span class="bib-editor">Laurence Behrens, Leonard Rosen, and Bonnie Beedles, editors</span>, <span class="bib-booktitle">A Sequence for Academic Writing</span>. Longman, 2001. ISBN 978-0-321-08133-9.</p> </div></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> </div> <footer lang="en-ca" class="text-end border-top border-top-1 mt-5"> <p class="mb-0 pb-0"><small><a href="https://logological.org/credits.html" data-jslicense="1">Credits</a> | Last modified: 2019-05-10 11:33 CEST</small></p> </footer>  <script src="https://logological.org/theme/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>  <script src="https://logological.org/theme/js/startbootstrap-resume/scripts.js"></script> </body> </html>

Why I Will Never Have a Girlfriend | Tristan Miller [Tristan Miller ![Tristan Miller](/images/miller_20200512-square.jpg)](https://logological.org/) * [Research News](/#news) * [Publications](/#publications) * [Projects](/#projects) * [Miscellany](/#miscellany) * [CV](/miller_cv.pdf) # Why I will never have a girlfriend Tristan Miller German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence[1](#footnote1) 20 December 1999 ## Why don't I have a girlfriend? This is a question that practically every male has asked himself at one point or another in his life. Unfortunately, there is rarely a hard and fast answer to the query. Many men try to reason their way through the dilemma nonetheless, often reaching a series of ridiculous explanations, each more self-deprecating than the last: "Is it because I'm too shy, and not aggressive enough? Is it my opening lines? Am I a boring person? Am I too fat or too thin? Or am I simply ugly and completely unattractive to women?" When all other plausible explanations have been discounted, most fall back on the time-honoured conclusion that "there must be Something Wrong™ with me" before resigning themselves to lives of perpetual chastity.[2](#footnote2) Not the author, though. I, for one, refuse to spend my life brooding over my lack of luck with women. While I'll be the first to admit that my chances of ever entering into a meaningful relationship with someone special are practically non-existent, I staunchly refuse to admit that it has anything to do with some inherent problem with *me*. Instead, I am convinced that the situation can be readily explained in purely scientific terms, using nothing more than demographics and some elementary statistical calculus. Lest anyone suspect that my standards for women are too high, let me allay those fears by enumerating in advance my three criteria for the match. First, the potential girlfriend must be approximately my age—let's say 21 plus or minus three or four years. Second, the girl must be beautiful (and I use that term all-encompassingly to refer to both inner and outer beauty). Third, she must also be reasonably intelligent—she doesn't have to be *Mensa* material, but the ability to carry on a witty, insightful argument would be nice. So there they are—three simple demands, which I'm sure everyone will agree are anything but unreasonable. That said, I now present my demonstration of why the probability of finding a suitable candidate fulfilling the three above-noted requirements is so small as to be practically impossible—in other words, why I will never have a girlfriend. I shall endeavour to make this proof as rigorous as the available data permits. And I should note, too, that there will be no statistical trickery involved here; I have cited all my sources and provided all relevant calculations[3](#footnote3) in case anyone wishes to conduct their own independent review. Let's now take a look at the figures. ## Number of people on Earth (in 1998): 5 592 830 000[4](#footnote4) We start with the largest demographic in which I am interested—namely, the population of this planet. That is not to say I'm against the idea of interstellar romance, of course; I just don't assess the prospect of finding myself a nice Altairian girl as statistically significant. Now anyway, the latest halfway-reliable figures we have for Earth's population come from the United States Census Bureau's 1999 *World Population Profile* (*WP/98*). Due presumably to the time involved in compiling and processing census statistics, said report's data is valid only as of 1998, so later on we'll be making some impromptu adjustments to bring the numbers up to date. ## …who are female: 2 941 118 000[5](#footnote5) I'd've thought that, given the title of this essay, this criterion goes without saying. In case anyone missed it, though, I am looking for exclusively *female* companionship. Accordingly, roughly half of the Earth's population must be discounted. Sorry, guys. ## …in "developed" countries: 605 601 000[5](#footnote5) We now further restrict the geographical area of interest to so-called "first-world countries". My reasons for doing so are not motivated out of contempt for those who are economically disadvantaged, but rather by simple probability. My chances of meeting a babe from Bhutan or a goddess from Ghana, either in person or on the Internet, are understandably low. In fact, I will most likely spend nearly my entire life living and working in North America, Europe, and Australia, so it is to these types of regions that the numbers have been narrowed. ## …currently (in 2000) aged 18 to 25: 65 399 083[4](#footnote4), [5](#footnote5) Being neither a pedophile nor a geriatrophile, I would like to restrict my search for love to those whose age is approximately equal to my own. This is where things get a bit tricky, for two reasons: first, the census data is nearly two years old, and second, the "population by age" tables in *WP/98* are not separated into individual ages but are instead quantized into "15–19" (of whom there are 39 560 000) and "20–44" (population 215 073 000). Women aged 15 to 19 in 1998 will be aged 17 to 21 in 2000; in this group, I'm interested in dating those 18 or older, so, assuming the "15–19" girls' ages are uniformly distributed, we have \[39\,560\,000 \times \frac{\left| 21 - 18 \right| + 1}{\left| 19 - 15 \right| + 1} = 31\,648\,000.\] Similarly, of 1998's "20–44" category, there are now \[215\,073\,000 \times \frac{\left| 25 - 22 \right| + 1}{\left| 44 - 20 \right| + 1} = 34\,411\,680\] females within my chosen age limit. The sum, 66 059 680, represents the total number of females aged 18 to 25 in developed countries in 2000. Unfortunately, roughly 1% of these girls will have died since the census was taken;[6](#footnote6) thus, the true number of so-far eligible bachelorettes is 65 399 083. ## …who are beautiful: 1 487 838 Personal attraction, both physically and personality-wise, is an important instigator of any relationship. Of course, beauty is a purely subjective trait whose interpretation may vary from person to person. Luckily it is not necessary for me to define beauty in this essay except to state that for any given beholder, it will probably be normally distributed amongst the population.[7](#footnote7) Without going into the specifics of precisely which traits I admire, I will say that for a girl to be considered really beautiful to me, she should fall at least two standard deviations above the norm. From basic statistics theory, the area to the left of the normal curve at *z* = 2 is \[\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{\sqrt{2 \pi}} \cdot \int\_{0}^{2} e^{-\frac{1}{2}z^2} dz~\approx~0.022\,75\] and so it is this number with which we multiply our current population pool. ## …and intelligent: 236 053 Again, intelligence can mean different things to different people, yet I am once more relieved of making any explanation by noting that it, like most other characteristics, has a notionally normal distribution across the population. Let's assume that I will settle for someone a mere one standard deviation above the normal; in that case, a further \[\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2 \pi}} \cdot \int\_{0}^{1} e^{-\frac{1}{2}z^2} dz~\approx~84.1345\%\] of the population must be discounted. ## …and not already committed: 118 027 I could find no hard statistics on the number of above-noted girls who are already married, engaged, or otherwise committed to a significant other, but informal observation and anecdotal evidence leads me to believe that the proportion is somewhere around 50%. (Fellow unattached males will no doubt have also noticed a preponderance of girls legitimately offering, "Sorry, I already have a boyfriend" as an excuse not to go on a date.) For reasons of morality (and perhaps too self-preservation), I'm not about to start hitting on girls who have husbands and boyfriends. Accordingly, that portion of the female population must also be considered off-limits. ## …and also might like me: 18 726 Naturally, finding a suitable girl who I really like is no guarantee that she'll like me back. Assuming, as previously mentioned, that personal attractiveness is normally distributed, there is a mere 50% chance that any given female will consider me even marginally attractive. In practice, however, people are unlikely to consider pursuing a relationship with someone whose looks and personality just barely suffice. Let's make the rather conservative assumption, then, that a girl would go out with someone if and only if they were at least one standard deviation above her idea of average. In that case, referring to our previous calculation, only 15.8655% of females would consider someone with my physical characteristics and personality acceptable as a potential romantic partner. ## Conclusion It is here, at a pool of 18 726 acceptable females, that we end our statistical analysis. At first glance, a datable population of 18 726 may not seem like such a low number, but consider this: assuming I were to go on a blind date with a new girl about my age every week, I would have to date for 3493 weeks before I found one of the 18 726. That's very nearly 67 *years*. As a North American male born in the late 1970s, my life expectancy is probably little more than 70 years, so we can safely say that I will be quite dead before I find the proverbial girl of my dreams. Come to think of it, she'll probably be dead too. --- So there you have it, my friends—finally, a cogent, scientific, non-self-deprecating argument for why I will never have a girlfriend. That said, if you happen to be a girl deluded enough to think that you and I have a chance together, feel free to [drop me a line](/), but I warn you, you face odds of 157 060 to 1. I wouldn't bother if I were you. **Update (2000-04-01):** My sarcastic pleas for some e-mail have finally been answered. Take a look at this [letter from a hysterical female reader](/fan_mail.html), which I think perfectly demonstrates the point of this entire essay. (I think the fact that she's a WebTV user explains a lot—in fact, I was sure this e-mail was an April Fool's joke until I noticed the return address.) --- ## Endnotes and references 1. [↩](#footmark1) This paper was written when the author was at Griffith University, Australia. 2. [↩](#footmark2) After a short period of brooding, of course, these males will eventually come to the realization that the real reason they were never able to get a girlfriend is that they were too discriminating with their attentions. They will consequently return to the dating scene, entering a sequence of blasé relationships with mediocre girls for whom they don't really care, until they finally marry one out of fear of spending the rest of their lives alone. I am convinced that this behaviour is the real reason for today's alarmingly high divorce rate. 3. [↩](#footmark3) Due to rounding, figures cited may not add up exactly. 4. [↩](#footmark4.0) [↩](#footmark4.1) U.S. Bureau of the Census, *Report WP/98, World Population Profile: 1998*, Table A-3. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1999. 5. [↩](#footmark5.0) [↩](#footmark5.1) [↩](#footmark5.2) U.S. Bureau of the Census, *Report WP/98, World Population Profile: 1998*, Table A-7. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1999. 6. [↩](#footmark6) *WP/98* gives the annual death rate for developed countries as 10 per 1000, but does not list death rates per age group. Presumably, the death rate graphs as a bathtub curve, but in absence of any numbers supporting this hypothesis, and for the sake of simplicity, I will conservatively estimate the death rate among this age group to be 1% biennially. 7. [↩](#footmark7) Despite my efforts to research the matter, I could find no data on the distribution of beauty, either outer or inner, amongst the population. Perhaps attractiveness, being a largely subjective trait, does not lend itself to quantification. It is not unreasonable, however, to assume that like most other traits, it has a normal distribution. Indeed, this assumption seems to be backed up by informal observation and judgment—in any reasonably large group of people, most of them will be average-looking, and a tiny minority either exceedingly beautiful or exceedingly ugly. ## Appendices ### Translations of this article You are free to produce translations of this article as long as you credit me as the original author, and link back to the English original if possible. Please send me a link to your translation and I will add it to this list. * ["Warum ich niemals eine Freundin haben werde"](/freundin.html) (German, by Tristan Miller, 2003) * ["Почему у меня никогда не будет подруги"](http://botinok.co.il/node/27209) (Russian, by БабаКлава, 2007-03-25) * ["Kāpēc man nekad nebūs draudzenes"](http://vietne.wordpress.com/2007/10/09/kapec-man-nekad-nebus-draudzenes/) (Latvian, by Sandis, 2007-10-09) * "Varför har inte jag en flickvän?" (Swedish, by Andreas Svensson, 2008), in the book *Är tärningen kastad? Sannolikhetslära för vem som helst* (ISBN 978-9185765027) * ["ボクに彼女ができない理由"](http://longtailworld.blogspot.com/2006/06/why-i-will-never-have-girlfriend.html) (Japanese, by Satomi Ichimura, 2010-06-06) * ["为什么我永远也不会找到女朋友"](http://user.qzone.qq.com/1141293555/blog/1345109067) (Chinese, by Zhao Rongrong, 2012-08-16) * ["Tại sao tôi sẽ không bao giờ có bạn gái?"](https://www.facebook.com/notes/nghiem-duc/tại-sao-tôi-sẽ-không-bao-giờ-có-bạn-gái/10152809504472669) (Vietnamese, by Nghiem Duc, 2015-02-14) * ["¿Por qué no tengo novia?"](http://data-speaks.luca-d3.com/2018/02/por-que-nunca-tendre-novia.html), (Spanish, by Paloma Recuero, 2018-02-14) ### Citations and press coverage * This essay was reviewed in [Episode 6 of *Diggnation*](https://revision3.com/diggnation/2005-08-05/), released on 5 August 2005. * This essay has an entry in Dan Crowley's *[505 Unbelievably Stupid Web Pages](https://books.google.de/books?id=Opvmd1DrJ84C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false)* (Sourcebooks, 2007). * A critique of this article by Eugen Fischer appears in Appendix D of his 2013 study *[Das Vielmädchenproblem](http://www.super-physik.de/das-vielmadchenproblem/)* (in German). * This essay is the subject of ["Imamo matematički odgovor na vječno pitanje – Zašto ste još uvijek sami?"](http://metro-portal.hr/imamo-matematicki-odgovor-na-vjecno-pitanje-zasto-ste-jos-uvijek-sami/66395), an article in the Croatian *[Metro](http://www.metro.lu/)* newspapers published on 14 December 2011. * This essay is covered in Jo Craven McGinty's article ["To Find Love Match, Try Love Math (Results Will Vary)"](http://www.wsj.com/articles/to-find-love-match-this-valentines-day-try-love-math-1423842975), which appears in the 14 February 2015 issue of the *Wall Street Journal*. * This essay is discussed in Chapter 7 of Joseph M. Reagle, Jr.'s book *[Hacking Life](https://hackinglife.mitpress.mit.edu/)* (MIT Press, 2019). A version of this article appears in the following publications: 1. ![](https://files.nothingisreal.com/publications/Tristan_Miller/covers/artarningenkastad.png) Tristan Miller. [Varför har inte jag en flickvän? [Why I will never have a girlfriend]](http://user.it.uu.se/%7Eandsv164/ArTarningenKastad.pdf). In Är tärningen kastad? Sannolikhetslära för vem som helst. Bombadil Publishing, Trollhättan, 2008. ISBN 978-91-85765-02-7. Translated by Andreas Svensson. 2. ![](https://files.nothingisreal.com/publications/Tristan_Miller/covers/writing8.png) Tristan Miller. [Why I will never have a girlfriend](https://files.nothingisreal.com/publications/Tristan_Miller/miller02.pdf). In Laurence Behrens and Leonard Rosen, editors, Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum. Longman, 8th edition, 2002. ISBN 978-0-321-09102-4. 3. ![](https://files.nothingisreal.com/publications/Tristan_Miller/covers/air8-3.png) Tristan Miller. [Why I will never have a girlfriend](https://files.nothingisreal.com/publications/Tristan_Miller/miller02.pdf). [The Annals of Improbable Research](http://www.improbable.com/), 8(3):13–17, 2002. ISSN 1079-5146. 4. ![](https://files.nothingisreal.com/publications/Tristan_Miller/covers/sequence.png) Tristan Miller. [Why I will never have a girlfriend](https://files.nothingisreal.com/publications/Tristan_Miller/miller02.pdf). In Laurence Behrens, Leonard Rosen, and Bonnie Beedles, editors, A Sequence for Academic Writing. Longman, 2001. ISBN 978-0-321-08133-9. [Credits](https://logological.org/credits.html) | Last modified: 2019-05-10 11:33 CEST

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Coyote Video Guide"></A><A HREF="http://www.dohtem.com/bugs/pepe.htm"><IMG SRC="../btop07.gif" WIDTH="127" HEIGHT="129" BORDER="0" ALIGN=Top ALT="The Pepe le Pew Video Guide" TITLE="The Pepe le Pew Video Guide"></A><A HREF="http://www.dohtem.com/bugs/foreign"><IMG SRC="../btop04.gif" WIDTH="127" HEIGHT="129" BORDER="0" ALIGN=Top ALT="Looney World After All" TITLE="Looney World After All"></A><A HREF="http://www.dohtem.com/bugs/marvin"><IMG SRC="../btop05.gif" WIDTH="127" HEIGHT="129" BORDER="0" ALIGN=Top ALT="Marvin's Miscellany" TITLE="Marvin's Miscellany"></A><A HREF="http://www.dohtem.com/bugs/news"><IMG SRC="../btop06.gif" WIDTH="127" HEIGHT="129" BORDER="0" ALIGN=Top ALT="Looney Tunes DVD News and Reviews" TITLE="Looney Tunes DVD News and Reviews"></A> <P> <TABLE WIDTH="100%" HEIGHT="250" BORDER="0" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" bgcolor="#862202"><TR><TD><CENTER><IMG SRC="wideowabbittop.jpg" WIDTH="900" HEIGHT="250"></TD></TR></TABLE> <P> <FONT FACE="arial,helvetica"><B><A HREF="index.htm">PART ONE</A> - <A HREF="history2.htm">PART TWO</A> - <A HREF="history3.htm">PART THREE</A> - <A HREF="history4.htm">PART FOUR</A> - <A HREF="history5.htm">PART FIVE</A></B> <h1 style="font-size:3vw"> PART ONE:<BR> <I>An all-star anthology of cartoon classics!</I><BR> (The 1980s)</FONT> </H1> <P> <HR> </CENTER> <P> When a small film-duplication company in suburban Detroit named Magnetic Video gave birth to the home video industry in 1977, little did anyone realize how it would almost singularly (if not single-handedly) redefine how the public viewed, enjoyed, and consumed movies...or what it would mean for the growing and very passionate culture of cartoon enthusiasts young and old. Sure, most series of theatrical cartoons were being seen regularly on both network television and in local syndication, while companies like United Artists sold 8 mm films throughout the 1960s and 1970s to varying degrees of success, but never before was the possibility presented of being able to purchase a studio-produced collection to easily watch at one's desire and to their heart's content. <P> The proliferation of the Looney Tunes library in this new avenue of exposure would in most cases go hand-in-hand with the evolution of the industry itself. And as new technologies and formats became available, the cartoons would find both new and continued audiences waiting for them to enjoy, study, and appreciate. <P> <table width="402" border="0" style="float:right; padding:10px"> <tr> <td align="center"><IMG SRC="bbrrmovie.jpg" WIDTH="400" HEIGHT="300"> <H5> Bugs imitates Yosemite Sam in new footage from <I>The Bugs Bunny/Road Runner Movie</I>, the first ever Looney Tunes production to see release on home video.</H5></td> </tr> </table> Not interested in merely leasing out its catalog to an outside company the way 20th Century Fox did with Magnetic Video, or forming a partnership with another content provider like MGM did with CBS, Warner Bros. decided to venture out on its own and founded its own video label in 1979, joining Paramount and Columbia as the first movie studios to exploit their respective libraries directly to consumers. <P> Inauspiciously named WCI Home Video, the label officially launched in early February 1980 with the release of a couple dozen titles on both VHS and Beta (the studio would continue to regularly release titles on both formats through the early 1990s), many of which were popular Warner Bros. releases of the past decade. In addition to such hits as <I>Superman: The Movie</I>, <I>Dog Day Afternoon</I>, and <I>Dirty Harry</I>, among that initial batch of releases was <I>The Bugs Bunny/Road Runner Movie</I>, a theatrical compilation from the previous year that featured a number of classic Looney Tunes cartoons directed by Chuck Jones. (In fact, <I>BB/RR</I> was the historic third title ever released by the fledgling label, behind only <I>Blazing Saddles</I> and <I>The Green Berets</I>.) <P> Priced at the "low end" of the retail spectrum at $49.95, <I>The Bugs Bunny/Road Runner Movie</I> proved to be a popular title not only in the growing rental market but also through direct consumer sales, quickly becoming a top twenty chart item in <I>Billboard</I> and selling over 20,000 copies within its first year of release. In keeping with WCI's theme of presenting their movies in the most prestigious way possible, the cassette's large book-style box included text that provided insight into the making of the movie and even an excerpt from an interview with Jones. Right from the start, Warner Bros. was interested in presenting their animated shorts and characters as a vital part of the studio's storied history and of the American film experience. <P> That need to frame the Looney Tunes in a historically important context continued with the 1982 offerings by the newly rechristened Warner Home Video. First up was April's release of the 1981 compilation feature <I>Friz Freleng's Looney Looney Looney Bugs Bunny Movie</I>. Despite its $69.95 retail price, the movie nevertheless became another best seller for the studio. <P> The same price point would be used in June for the first wave of <I>A Night at the Movies</I>, a multi-volume series that spotlighted celebrated Warner Bros. movies from the mid-to-late 1950s. Highlighting such classics as <I>Dial M for Murder</I> and <I>Auntie Mame</I>, the five videos in the first assortment attempted to recreate the vintage moviegoing experience by also including a year-specific newsreel, coming attractions, and a complete Warner Bros. cartoon. Marking the first time the cartoons had been released on home video uncut and not merely as excerpts in a compilation movie, major Looney Tunes series were represented with the inclusion of classics like <I>Speedy Gonzales</I>, <I>A Star Is Bored</I>, and <I>Greedy for Tweety</I>. The cartoons were given almost equal billing on the packaging with the featured movies, while the characters themselves were billed and treated as authentic Warner Bros. stars. The notion of pairing popular Warner Bros. movies with contemporary cartoons was one that Warner Home Video would revisit in years to come. <P> <table width="402" border="0" style="float:left; padding:10px"> <tr> <td align="center"><IMG SRC="nightlargeadianisaphony.jpg" WIDTH="400" HEIGHT="575"> <H5> Warner Home Video's marketing materials for its <I>Night at the Movies</I> collections, such as the above ad from the July-August 1982 issue of <I>American Film</I>, attempted to trade in on the nostalgia of the classic American moviegoing experience.</H5></td> </tr> </table> While all of the major movie studios were feeling their way around VHS and Beta, that July Warner Home Video would look forward to new technologies by issuing its first five titles onto CED videodisc, a record-like disc format that RCA was pushing at the time. Among Warner's debut disc titles was one of the most popular tapes from the label's first year, <I>The Bugs Bunny/Road Runner Movie</I>, offered for just $19.98. <P> November 1982 also saw another, more lasting presentation of the characters on home video with the launch of <I>The Looney Tunes Video Show</I>. Priced at $39.95 each, three volumes were initially offered with an additional four being advertised as "coming soon!" Each cassette contained seven complete Warner Bros. cartoons and, true to the series title (and perhaps in an attempt to recreate the random nature of television presentations of the shorts), featured a mix of various characters. One Bugs Bunny cartoon highlighted each volume, while the remaining contents varied from films featuring such other "big stars" as Daffy Duck and Tweety, to 1960s Speedy Gonzales cartoons, to celebrated one-shots such as Robert McKimson's <I>The Hole Idea</I>. <P> Even with their somewhat high price tag, the three <I>Looney Tunes Video Show</I> volumes would prove to be popular in both the rental and sell-through markets, and within three years each collection would sell between ten to twelve thousand copies. The videos would later be reissued at a more reasonably priced $14.95 in March 1989 and remain in print for another decade. Despite being advertised as a "series of seven," volumes four through seven would never see an American release but would eventually be made available in Canada and throughout Europe. The <I>Looney Tunes Video Show</I> series actually proved to be so popular overseas that additional, expanded editions would be released in 1983 and 1984 (while even more, uniquely compiled volumes were dubbed into French and Spanish for international use but later found their way into parts of North America). In all, nineteen official volumes of <I>The Looney Tunes Video Show</I> were released worldwide. <P> But for the time being, if American fans wanted to enjoy Looney Tunes at home on video, their options were strictly limited--but Warner's 1983 offerings would expand the library. February's second wave of <I>A Night at the Movies</I> covered classic films from the years 1959 to 1963 and included such cartoons as <I>Person to Bunny</I>, <I>Banty Raids</I>, and even the Chuck Jones one-shot <I>Martian Through Georgia</I> (which had usually suffered from television edits due to a suicide reference). The success of the first two compilation features on home video prompted April's rush-release of the previous fall's <I>Bugs Bunny's 3rd Movie: 1001 Rabbit Tales</I> for $49.95 and then <I>Daffy Duck's Movie: Fantastic Island</I> for $39.98 in November--and CED editions of most of the movies (<I>1001 Rabbit Tales</I> being the lone castaway) were also issued before the format was mercifully discontinued. But Warner Bros. was about to enter the home video sell-through race in a very big way. <P> The year 1985 didn't seem all that particularly significant when it came to Warner Bros. cartoons. Apart from it just by happenstance being Porky Pig's fiftieth birthday (and this at a time when media characters' "birthdays" weren't really major events), the Looney Tunes franchise was in a comfortable lull. No new theatrical movies were in production, the series of recurring half-hour prime time television specials had wrapped three years before, it had been five years since the characters last appeared in a new seven-minute cartoon, and <I>The Bugs Bunny/Road Runner Show</I> was ending a historic seventeen-year run on CBS Saturday mornings. But Warner Bros. deemed it necessary to suddenly celebrate all things Looney, declaring the year the fiftieth anniversary of the free-wheeling and anarchic spirit that made the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies shorts popular and beloved for generations. <P> Central to this celebration was the October 1985 release of the <I>Golden Jubilee: 24 Karat Collection</I>, a series of intially nine, one-hour videos each containing eight uncut classic Looney Tunes cartoons, primarily from the post-1948 library still owned by the studio. Six of the videos spotlighted specific characters or duos--Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Porky Pig, Road Runner and Wile E. Coyote, Sylvester and Tweety, and Speedy Gonzales--while the other three volumes highlighted the three major creative forces of the Looney Tunes post-war heyday: Mel Blanc, Friz Freleng, and Chuck Jones. (Robert McKimson, Bob Clampett, Tex Avery, and Arthur Davis were also represented throughout the series, albeit in much smaller doses.) <P> <table width="402" border="0" style="float:right; padding:10px"> <tr> <td align="center"><IMG SRC="rabbitof.jpg" WIDTH="400" HEIGHT="300"> <H5> The Chuck Jones classic <I>Rabbit of Seville</I> was one of the few Looney Tunes cartoons offered in both assortments of the <I>Golden Jubilee</I> series, seen on <I>A Salute to Mel Blanc</I> and then on <I>Elmer Fudd's Comedy Capers</I>.</H5></td> </tr> </table> With over two decades' worth of material to choose from for these collections, Warner Home Video picked only the utmost best of the best. The four Oscar-winning cartoons the studio still controlled--<I>For Scent-imental Reasons</I>, <I>Speedy Gonzales</I>, <I>Birds Anonymous</I>, and <I>Knighty Knight Bugs</I>--were featured, as were all three installments of the iconic "wabbit season" trilogy, the revolutionary animation/live action hybrid <I>You Ought to Be in Pictures</I>, and such inarguable classics as <I>Duck Dodgers in the 24 1/2th Century</I>, <I>Show Biz Bugs</I>, <I>Robin Hood Daffy</I>, and of course <I>What's Opera, Doc?</I> In addition to shorts starring the main Looney Tunes characters, most volumes in the series also contained either a one-shot cartoon or one starring lesser known characters such as the Goofy Gophers, Hubie and Bertie, and Marc Anthony and Pussyfoot. <P> To better show off the cream of the crop, new video transfers were created for each of the cartoons, masters that Warner Bros. would eventually also use for its various television packages. Among other technical tweaking, colored windowbox mattes were added to the cartoons' opening credits to prevent overscanning from clipping off names--including one unique multi-colored matte for the titles of <I>The Pied Piper of Guadalupe</I>. Despite all the extra care taken in the process, a select number of cartoons--including <I>Dough for the Do-Do</I> and <I>Porky's Duck Hunt</I>--were inexplicably sped up. It would be decades before some of these shorts were remastered properly. <P> To kick off the series, Warner Bros. Animation produced a brand new opening sequence. With the iconic Merrie Melodies theme "Merrily We Roll Along" playing in the background, the Tasmanian Devil speeds down a city street in the middle of the night on a motorcycle, with a police car close behind. He decides to take a shortcut into a nearby theater that has the <I>Golden Jubilee: 24 Karat Collection</I> title on the marquee. Switching music to an instrumental of the <I>Bugs Bunny Show</I> theme "This Is It," we cut to a close-up of a sandwich-board sign that announces which character or person the specific compilation is spotlighting. The <I>Bugs Bunny Show</I> motif continues as Bugs, Daffy, and Porky are seen dancing on a stage in vaudeville outfits, with a procession of other Looney Tunes stars marching behind them (including Yosemite Sam, who curiously wasn't given his own volume in the series despite evidence that keeps turning up to suggest that he was supposed to). Bugs, Daffy, and Porky each do a wild take as they see Taz zooming across the stage on his bike, creating a huge cloud of dust and smoke. As an end-title version of "Merrily We Roll Along" starts to play, Taz cuts through the cloud and speeds toward the camera, with the Warner Bros. shield appearing on his headlight. <P> <I>Entertainment Tonight's</I> film critic Leonard Maltin, fresh from publishing the essential animation-history book <I>Of Mice and Magic</I>, penned liner notes for each release, going into the history of the characters and studio in a way never before attempted on a consumer product. Every effort was made to present as complete a picture of the studio's animated legacy as possible, with Warner Home Video even making the somewhat bold decision to include a few choice black and white cartoons. The videos perfectly served their purpose as quality family entertainment while also catering to the serious animation fan. <P> Priced at $19.98 each, the videos were released ideally with the intent of consumers buying them to take home and share with their families, but they would nevertheless also become popular rental staples for the next two decades. To fulfill retailer pre-orders, Warner Home Video shipped 200,000 units from across the series (almost unheard of for what was considered a "non-theatrical" release), and by mid-October sales climbed to 250,000 copies. To help promote the series and anniversary celebration, Trix cereal had a mail-in offer for a specially packaged version of <I>The Looney Tunes Video Show #1</I>, a film and art exhibition opened at the Museum of Modern Art in New York, a brand new one-hour television special was produced for NBC featuring a slew of celebrities, Warner Bros. arranged to have Bugs awarded with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, and--tying it all back to the home video industry--Bugs became the spokesrabbit for Sony's new SuperBeta player. <P> <table width="402" border="0" style="float:left; padding:10px"> <tr> <td align="center"><IMG SRC="jubileelargeadianisacreep.jpg" WIDTH="400" HEIGHT="502"> <H5> The whole gang is present in an industry ad for the <I>Golden Jubilee</I> series seen in the August 21, 1985, issue of <I>Variety</I>. This full-on image would also be used for the cover of a special retailer screener video and then later for the Spanish-language <I>Fiesta de Comiquitas 4</I>.</H5></td> </tr> </table> It was perhaps inevitable then that a second wave of <I>Golden Jubilee</I> videos would appear in stores a year later, in October 1986. Slightly lower in price at $17.98 each and with only three new volumes, the second assortment served more as a companion to the first by focusing on three characters overlooked the year before: Elmer Fudd, Foghorn Leghorn, and Pepé le Pew. <P> Leonard Maltin returned with new liner notes to give the videos some much-needed prestige, but a decided lack of enthusiasm hung over these new releases. The amount of character artwork on the packaging was reduced, the cartoon selection itself was a little more questionable than those on the earlier volumes, and--perhaps most frustrating of all--cartoons released on last year's <I>Golden Jubilee</I> collections were repeated in this new batch. Both <I>Pepe le Pew's Skunk Tales</I> and <I>Elmer Fudd's Comedy Capers</I> contained shorts last seen just a year before on <I>A Salute to Mel Blanc</I> and <I>A Salute to Chuck Jones</I>, while <I>Foghorn Leghorn's Fractured Funnies</I> included a cartoon previously available on <I>The Looney Tunes Video Show #3</I>. This trend of video deja vu would rear its ugly head from time to time on future Warner releases. <P> Despite the overlap, a total of ninety-one unique cartoons were released in the <I>Golden Jubilee</I> series, forming the basis of many Looney Tunes fans' home video collections and setting the standard for series to come. <P> Meanwhile, across town another major Hollywood studio was about to enter the Looney Tunes video market. Trying to keep track of all of the partnerships, buyouts, and mergers MGM had gone through since the 1970s could make one's head spin, but what's important to know is that in mid-1985 a deal was set in motion where MGM and all of its assets were going to be purchased by Ted Turner to add to his quickly growing empire of cable networks and sports franchises. In addition to MGM's own vast library of classic films, the deal was also to include ownership of United Artists, which MGM had previously acquired back in 1981. Among United Artists' own properties was the former Associated Artists Productions library. It was back in 1956 when AAP had made the historic purchase of Warner Bros.' pre-1950 film library for a whopping $21 million, a deal that included all live-action and animated short subjects copyrighted before September 1, 1948. All of this meant that by the mid-1980s many of the iconic Warner Bros. films such as <I>Casablanca</I> and <I>White Heat</I>--and especially all of the classic color wartime cartoons--were now safely in the hands of a rival movie studio, and with yet another new owner looming overhead. <P> With the Turner deal taking the rest of the year to complete, and with the future of its library uncertain, MGM renewed its focus on exploiting its vast family entertainment properties, acquired or otherwise. By this point the studio had only treaded lightly when it came to animation on home video, having released only the scant Tom and Jerry or Droopy compilation here and there (and one focusing on various MGM cartoons under the banner <I>MGM Cartoon Magic</I>)--not to mention occasional one-off releases such as <I>The Phantom Tollbooth</I> or the Chuck Jones Dr. Seuss television specials. Even the United Artists properties like the Pink Panther were off the table for a while, as a deal with Magnetic Video was still in effect when MGM bought the studio. But with the clock ticking down before Turner could sink his claws into the studio and its library, MGM had to act fast, and in November 1985 MGM/UA Home Video unveiled its "Viddy-Oh! for Kids" imprint. <P> Anchored by a re-release of <I>The Wizard of Oz</I>, Viddy-Oh! served as the catch-all banner for MGM's various family productions, becoming the industry's first "family entertainment" sub-label. The inaugural batch of videos also included the first ever Pink Panther compilation, a Lone Ranger movie, and Don Bluth's <I>The Secret of NIMH</I>. The success of these releases quickly prompted MGM/UA to expand the line, with a particular focus on all of the classic animation it had at its disposal (the lone exception were the United Artists-owned Popeye theatrical cartoons, as a 1983 attempt by MGM to release them on home video was met with a cease-and-desist from King Features). By year's end of 1985 <I>The Best of Bugs Bunny and Friends</I> became available in stores for just $19.95. <P> MGM/UA had to engage in some careful arranging when compiling their Looney Tunes videos, and it showed in the contents of <I>The Best of Bugs Bunny and Friends</I>, which followed the "all-star" model of Warner's <I>Looney Tunes Video Show</I> volumes and served as a sort of preview to the additional collections the label had planned. Though United Artists had ample amounts of classic Bugs, Daffy, and Porky cartoons to release, its access to other major Warner Bros. characters was severly limited. Their library only included two early Foghorn Leghorn cartoons, two rather atypical Pepé le Pew shorts, no Road Runner, no Speedy Gonzales, a few Sylvesters, and barely enough Tweety material to cover a single video. Widening the net a bit on who exactly to consider as "star" characters, the initial seven-cartoon tape--which featured such gems as <I>What's Cookin' Doc?</I>, <I>Duck Soup to Nuts</I>, <I>Nothing but the Tooth</I>, and the Oscar-winning <I>Tweetie Pie</I>--also included <I>A Feud There Was</I> with the prototypical pre-Arthur Q. Bryan Elmer Fudd, <I>Bedtime for Sniffles</I> with Chuck Jones's early mouse character, and (most surprising of all) <I>The Little Lion Hunter</I> with youthful African native Inki. <P> <table width="402" border="0" style="float:right; padding:10px"> <tr> <td align="center"><IMG SRC="ticktocktuck.jpg" WIDTH="400" HEIGHT="300"> <H5> "How do they expect a guy to sleep with water on the brain??" asks a frustrated Daffy in one of the better-selling titles from MGM/UA's Viddy-Oh! For Kids line, the expanded <I>Porky Pig and Daffy Duck Cartoon Festival Featuring "Tick Tock Tuckered."</I></H5></td> </tr> </table> The Looney Tunes releases that followed over the course of 1986 were more character-specific, presented as "cartoon festivals" and spotlighting one of the included shorts; with titles like <I>Bugs Bunny Cartoon Festival Featuring "Little Red Riding Rabbit,"</I> <I>Porky Pig Cartoon Festival Featuring "Tom Turk and Daffy,"</I> etc. Each volume in the series typically contained four or five cartoons and were priced at $14.95, while a select few were expanded to include seven and sold for $19.95. When it came to the star Looney Tunes characters, Bugs had two "festivals" released in the series while also sharing a third with Elmer, Porky had two released and shared a third with Daffy, Daffy had two solo releases, and Elmer had one to himself. Again reflecting United Artists' Looney Tunes limitations, Sniffles also received his own compilation with <I>Sniffles the Mouse Cartoon Festival Featuring "Sniffles Bells the Cat."</I> But clearly the strangest release in the entire lineup was <I>Little Tweety and Little Inki Cartoon Festival Featuring "I Taw a Putty Tat,"</I> combining two completely unrelated cartoon series, one of which would soon be pulled from television altogether due to perceived insensitivity toward African Americans. Though the Chuck Jones Inki cartoons weren't produced with any malicious intent (and are extremely tame in their depictions of a black character versus, say, <I>Coal Black and de Sebben Dwarfs</I>), one couldn't help but question the wisdom in featuring the character on the cover of a kid-friendly video release, complete with stereotypical white lips and African tribal earrings. <P> Though the story content of the shorts on these collections were uncut, the films' overall presentations were not. Attempting to present the compilations as a singular program, United Artists fashioned each video with an extended uniform "Blue Ribbon" opening. After showing the decades-old Associated Artists Productions syndication logo that was standard on all of United Artists' Looney Tunes cartoons at the time, a generic "Blue Ribbon Merrie Melodies" cartoon opening starts to play, with a 1939 arrangement of "Merrily We Roll Along" (lifted from a random Merrie Melodies short) dubbed over the image. Instead of the Merrie Melodies logo fading into an actual cartoon title like on the Warner Bros. reissues that utilized the sequence, the "Blue Ribbon" screen simply freeze-frames for the duration of the music. Once this new sequence ends, the video then merely jumps to the opening credits of each cartoon (or, in many cases, to the "Blue Ribbon" version of the cartoon's title), skipping the bullseye opening, WB shield, and series title each time. These kit-bashed and edited openings would be seen on Turner's cable networks for the better part of the next decade, while future MGM releases would thankfully forego modifying anything in the cartoons themselves (with one debatable exception). <P> While Warner Home Video and MGM/UA Home Video waged a friendly war to vie for the hearts (and wallets) of Looney Tunes fans, a third contender was starting to come into dubious notoriety. Though certain companies had relied on exploiting public domain material for as long as home video had been around, the sudden success of Warner's <I>Golden Jubilee</I> series and MGM/UA's Viddy-Oh! line meant that by 1986 and 1987 hundreds of new budget labels were starting to crawl out of the woodwork, all with designs on the 123 Looney Tunes shorts that one way or another had fallen out of copyright (not to mention odds and ends like the various government-funded productions like the Private Snafu series or <I>Any Bonds Today?</I>). Seedy-seeming companies with vague, shady-sounding names like Parents Approved Video and United American Video churned out a multitude of ultra-cheap VHS tapes to be sold in grocery stores, discount stores, dime stores, toy stores, home-shopping channels on TV--really, anywhere they were lucky enough to get distribution. <P> Public domain videos usually ran either a half-hour in length (fitting an average of four cartoons) or were special "one hour" collections, though a select few were also found to run as short as fifteen minutes or as long as six hours. The people who put the compilations together rarely gave any thought to consistency or compatibility, so cartoons from various studios were often placed on the same video, or a video boasting all Bugs Bunny cartoons might also have a Popeye or some random one-shot thrown in as well. A number of Warner Bros. cartoons--including <I>Daffy Duck and the Dinosaur</I>, <I>Falling Hare</I>, and <I>A Tale of Two Kitties</I>--were well-utilized for these tapes to the point of ubiquitousness. But due to the need to fill up these videos, public domain releases also offered rarer cartoons that weren't regularly seen in modern-day television packages (<I>Boom Boom</I>, <I>Inki and the Minah Bird</I>, <I>Pagan Moon</I>), wartime cartoons that certainly weren't going to see the light of day on home video anytime soon (<I>Tokio Jokio</I>, <I>The Ducktators</I>, <I>Scrap Happy Daffy</I>), and even a couple of the infamous "Censored 11" cartoons that hadn't been officially distributed since 1968 (<I>All This and Rabbit Stew</I>, <I>Jungle Jitters</I>). And even though many black and white Porky Pig and Daffy Duck cartoons were in the public domain, these companies instead released the redrawn colorized versions done in 1968--that were still copyrighted by Warner Bros. <P> For the most part, these collections are a mess in every possible way, from aesthetics to functionality. Titles on the boxes were rarely more imaginative than <I>Daffy Duck</I> or <I>Elmer Fudd and Friends</I> or <I>Over One Hour of Cartoons Volume 1</I> (a real one from Hollywood Select Video). Character depictions on the covers were usually badly traced from either frames of the cartoons or from clip art and then colored in with marker--or, as the boxes instead phrased it to avoid legal hassle, "The illustrations on this package are color enhanced reproductions from the actual cartoons." The actual cassettes rarely had labels or anything printed on them, while the tapes when played were often riddled with tracking or other technical problems, issues that weren't helped by most labels insisting on duplicating their product in LP or SLP speed in order to maximize content on shorter or lower quality cassettes. The cartoons themselves were almost always at the mercy of choppy, faded 16 mm prints, often looking as if they had come from a dumpster behind a defunct television station. Main and end titles were sometimes edited, replaced, or missing altogether. <P> <table width="394" border="0" style="float:left; padding:10px"> <tr> <td align="center"><IMG SRC="allthisand.jpg" WIDTH="392" HEIGHT="300"> <H5> Bugs does a classic wild take in Tex Avery's <I>All This and Rabbit Stew</I>, one of the infamous "Censored 11" Warner Bros. cartoons that nevertheless became a semi-regular offering on public domain videos (though, admittedly, looking infinitely better here than it ever did on any such releases).</H5></td> </tr> </table> There were a few diamonds in the rough, though, such as Bosko Video's <I>Inside Termite Terrace</I> series (which attempted to frame the compilations around the early history of the Warner studio) and Shokus Video's <I>Cartoon Collection</I> volumes. Even hip music label Rhino Records got into the act by releasing a couple of Private Snafu collections. But for every one video that was worth the time and trouble to track down, there were at least twenty others clogging store shelves and spinner racks that were barely distinguishable from each other. Some companies tried to present their collections as part of a series, such as Nippon's <I>Super Star Cartoon Video</I> or New Age Video's <I>Classic Cartoon Favorites</I>, while others such as Star Classics or Kids Klassics simply regarded them as stand-alone releases. And the less said about Vidtape, Inc.'s sprawling <I>Cartoons R Fun</I> line launched in 1989, the better. <P> Due to some of the rarer material turning up on these tapes, public domain videos became a necessary evil for cartoon collectors for the better part of the next decade and a half. Perhaps inspired by Republic Pictures reclaiming the copyright to <I>It's a Wonderful Life</I> in 1993, around the turn of the century Warner Bros. would begin aggressively pursuing legal action against many of these video labels for infringing on their characters and--probably more importantly--for not clearing the still-copyrighted music used in all of the Looney Tunes cartoons. Many companies gave up outright and stopped including Warner material on their releases, while others tried to slip them into their "one hour" collections under the radar. A new batch of public domain companies would spring up again in the age of DVD. <P> Over at one of the movie studios that were legitimately releasing Looney Tunes videos, 1987 was a bit of a transitional year at MGM. Ted Turner's buyout of the studio had been completed the year before, but to relieve debt he spent the rest of 1986 selling off significant portions of the acquired company, including the United Artists division, the trademark to the MGM name, and the actual MGM movie studio itself. Turner kept the one prize he was really after: the massive library consisting of pre-1986 MGM, pre-1950 Warner Bros., and RKO movies. MGM itself was able to reorganize under the spun-off United Artists, but in order to keep its home video division thriving on more than just the James Bond and <I>Rocky</I> franchises, the reformed MGM/UA Home Video entered a fifteen-year deal to license Turner's newly acquired library. Ironically, this meant that MGM had to pay Turner to release its own classic movies on home video. Enter newly appointed director of programming George Feltenstein. <P> A former national sales manager for the New York-based Films, Inc., Feltenstein had made a name for himself by unearthing and revitalizing classic films for the revival-house circuit--including securing distribution rights for the works of French auteur Jacques Tati and supervising a Cinemascope restoration of <I>The King and I</I> for Fox. Closer to home, he had also earned critical praise for producing <I>Porky Pig in Hollywood</I>, a touring two-hour festival of black and white Porky shorts presented on newly struck 35 mm prints. Now in charge of programming at MGM/UA Home Video, among his other duties Feltenstein wanted to rethink how the label presented animation releases. Though the Viddy-Oh! <I>Cartoon Festival</I> titles sold well, they were still no match for Warner's <I>Golden Jubilee</I> releases, where the majority of the volumes were being certified Gold and Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. It didn't help that the white Viddy-Oh! clamshell boxes did little to set them apart from similar-looking kid-vid tapes that were muscling their way onto store shelves. Feltenstein wanted to create a new line in the mold of the <I>Golden Jubilee</I> series, and in March 1988 he delivered with <I>Cartoon Moviestars</I>. <P> Though the <I>Cartoon Moviestars</I> line would eventually cover all of MGM's major animated properties, the initial assortment focused solely on Warner Bros. cartoons. Four character titles--spotlighting Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Elmer Fudd, and Porky Pig--were made available at $14.95 each, as was the first ever home video release of the 1975 documentary <I>Bugs Bunny Superstar</I> for $19.95. With new uncut prints supplied by Turner Entertainment, the character collections featured a number of essential 1940s cartoons, many of which were making their home video debuts. And to add an extra layer of credibility to these releases, 1960s Warner Bros. animator Art Leonardi provided the character designs for the cover artwork. <P> The <I>Bugs!</I> video included such memorable shorts as <I>Bugs Bunny Gets the Boid</I>, <I>Baseball Bugs</I>, and two entries in the Cecil Turtle trilogy; <I>Daffy!</I> contained the classics <I>Book Review</I> (in its misspelled "Blue Ribbon" form) and <I>The Great Piggy Bank Robbery</I>; <I>Elmer!</I> had a delightfully odd mix of cartoons that included two of his earliest 1940s appearances, <I>Elmer's Candid Camera</I> and <I>Good Night Elmer</I>; and in addition to such films as <I>Little Orphan Airedale</I> and <I>I Haven't Got a Hat</I>, the <I>Porky!</I> tape took a page from Warner's <I>Golden Jubilee</I> series by including the beloved Tex Avery one-shot <I>I Love to Singa</I>. Along with the cartoons included within <I>Bugs Bunny Superstar</I>, a total of thirty-eight uncut pre-1948 Looney Tunes shorts were released in the first wave, to say nothing of the numerous title-edited cartoons available on the still-in-print Viddy-Oh! <I>Cartoon Festival</I> volumes. The new line was very well received, with <I>Bugs Bunny Superstar</I> and <I>Bugs!</I> becoming the top-selling titles in this first assortment. <P> <table width="402" border="0" style="float:right; padding:10px"> <tr> <td align="center"><IMG SRC="wbcatalognew.jpg" WIDTH="400" HEIGHT="300"> <H5> Bugs interrupts Daffy's moviegoing lecture in this <I>Duck Amuck</I>-inspired commercial for the Warner Bros. Collection catalog, seen on rental copies of <I>Police Academy 5</I> and <I>Beetlejuice</I> (and then later in altered form on <I>Batman</I> and other titles).</H5></td> </tr> </table> Warner Home Video, meanwhile, was still enjoying success from its <I>Golden Jubilee</I> tapes, and it would be a few months before the label released any kind of follow-up. In the meantime, though, Bugs and Daffy began a new role as studio pitchmen. On the August 1988 rental release of <I>Police Academy 5: Assignment Miami Beach</I> and then later on the October release of <I>Beetlejuice</I>, the two appeared in a newly animated seventy-second trailer promoting the new Warner Bros. Collection catalog. When interested viewers called the provided 800 number to sign up, they were asked which video they saw Bugs and Daffy on. The ad was so successful that a second one, starring Daffy walking around the Warner lot <I>Who Framed Roger Rabbit</I>-style in a spoof of Mel Blanc's old American Express commercial, would appear on video releases by summer of 1989...before American Express complained to Warner Bros. (Seriously!) <P> The successful launch of the <I>Cartoon Moviestars</I> line reinvigorated MGM/UA's attention to its various animated properties. Striking while the iron was hot, the label released a second wave in September 1988, this time adding some non-Warner properties to the mix. Keeping the same pattern of four compilations and one feature-length movie, the new assortment included <I>Starring Bugs Bunny!</I>, <I>Starring Tom & Jerry!</I>, <I>The Pink Panther</I>, the first volume of what would become the very popular <I>Tex Avery's Screwball Classics</I> sub-series, and a reissue of the feature <I>The Secret of NIMH</I>. Though the Looney Tunes were now sharing the proverbial stage (and cover motif) with MGM and United Artists characters, it was nevertheless clear that Bugs was envisioned to be the flagship star of the <I>Cartoon Moviestars</I> series. In addition to the VHS releases, MGM/UA also issued a laserdisc edition of <I>Bugs Bunny Superstar</I>. Warner Home Video had previously released a laserdisc of <I>Daffy Duck's Movie: Fantastic Island</I>, but this marked the first time that uncut Looney Tunes shorts were made available on the format--and it would lead to grander releases from MGM/UA in the near future. <P> The <I>Starring Bugs Bunny!</I> video, meanwhile, featured seven cartoons that were all new to home video, focusing on more underrated mid-1940s shorts by Chuck Jones, Friz Freleng, and Robert McKimson. Such highlights included <I>Easter Yeggs</I>, <I>Buccaneer Bunny</I>, <I>A Hare Grows in Manhattan</I>, and <I>A Feather in His Hare</I>, which was still in regular rotation on television but would soon be quietly retired due to its Native American antagonist. The back cover's brief liner notes tried to give the cartoons some historical context, even crediting such rarely acknowledged crew members as Elmer voice artist Arthur Q. Bryan and post-war producer Edward Selzer. <P> As MGM/UA continued aggressively pushing new Looney Tunes video product onto the marketplace, it was time for Warner Home Video to get back into the game. With the self-imposed fiftieth anniversary behind them, Warner needed to not only rebrand their video releases but also market them less to collectors and more to families and general consumers. In October 1988 the studio launched its <I>Cartoon Cavalcade</I> line, a modest series of 45-minute videos priced at $14.95 each. Though the series was the heir apparent to the <I>Golden Jubilee</I> collection, every aspect of the compilations was much smaller in scope. Only three characters--Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, and Porky Pig--were spotlighted in the initial assortment, the eight-cartoon average on each video was scaled down to just six, and almost all of the cartoons included were from the mid-1950s with very little either before or after that. Most future Warner Home Video VHS releases would be assembled in that same mold. <P> The selection of Bugs, Daffy, and Porky to star in the new compilations wasn't as random as it may have seemed, as their <I>Golden Jubilee</I> volumes were easily the top selling titles in the line. Three years after their release, <I>Bugs Bunny's Wacky Adventures</I>, <I>Daffy Duck: The Nuttiness Continues...</I>, and <I>Porky Pig's Screwball Comedies</I> were still outselling many new and catalog releases by rival studios. But the catalyst for the new line might not have been past releases but rather another company's product, as Warner's ad materials invited retailers to "cash in on the <I>Roger Rabbit</I> rage with everybody's favorite <I>other</I> rabbit and his pals!" <P> Despite the reduced focus on the studio's history, there was nevertheless an attempt to shine a prestigious light on these compilations, especially as Warner Bros. was beginning to look forward to another milestone: Bugs Bunny's own fiftieth birthday. Each video's back cover included liner notes by a relatively unknown writer and historian who would quickly become one of the most recognized and respected names in the animation industry, Jerry Beck. For the better part of the 1980s, Beck had been enjoying a varied career in film and animation research, including stints at Orion Classics and United Artists and assisting Leonard Maltin with research on <I>Of Mice and Magic</I>. Beck himself had published his own animation book with co-author Will Friedwald, 1981's <I>The Warner Bros. Cartoons</I>, and at the time the two were collaborating on a follow-up, the landmark paperback "bible" <I>Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies: A Complete Illustrated Guide to the Warner Bros. Cartoons</I>. If anyone had an encyclopedic enough mind to properly frame a context for the Looney Tunes shorts, it was Jerry Beck, starting an off-and-on partnership with Warner Home Video that would continue for the next three decades. <P> Warner Home Video crafted a new introduction for the <I>Cartoon Cavalcade</I> line, doing away with the newly animated sequence that kicked off the <I>Golden Jubilee</I> videos. This time, a clip of Bugs and Daffy from the iconic stage opening of <I>The Bugs Bunny Show</I> segues into a Looney Tunes montage set to "This Is It." Scenes from various Warner Bros. cartoons (all of which were included in the <I>Golden Jubilee</I> series) play on a filmstrip set against a blue background decorated with WB shields. A final shot from the <I>Bugs Bunny Show</I> opening closes the montage as the song ends, with the filmstrip receding back into the center of a red Looney Tunes bullseye. Finally, a new graphic appears to announce the title of the video. <P> <table width="402" border="0" style="float:left; padding:10px"> <tr> <td align="center"><IMG SRC="starisbored.jpg" WIDTH="400" HEIGHT="300"> <H5> Bugs naturally commanded his own compilation in Warner's <I>Cartoon Cavalcade</I> line, but he also shared the spotlight with Daffy on <I>Daffy Duck's Madcap Mania</I> via <I>A Star Is Bored</I>.</H5></td> </tr> </table> Almost all of the eighteen shorts in the <I>Cartoon Cavalcade</I> collection were new to home video, with only <I>My Little Duckaroo</I> and <I>A Star Is Bored</I> having been released back during the <I>Night at the Movies</I> series. The Bugs volume, <I>Bugs Bunny's Hare-Raising Tales</I>, was the only video to have a running theme, featuring the rabbit's takes on classic stories and fairy tales. Highlights on the tape included <I>A-Lad-in His Lamp</I>, <I>Rabbit Hood</I>, and <I>Rabbitson Crusoe</I>, incredibly marking only the tenth Yosemite Sam cartoon released on video in the United States. <I>Porky Pig Tales</I> contained a couple of fine later Chuck Jones shorts such as <I>Jumpin' Jupiter</I> but also some unique odds and ends like Arthur Davis's <I>The Pest That Came to Dinner</I> and Robert McKimson's <I>China Jones</I>, a <I>China Smith</I> spoof starring Daffy that was somewhat infamous for its rather politically incorrect ending. The arguable standout in this small collection, however, was <I>Daffy Duck's Madcap Mania</I>, which featured a number of classic cartoons such as <I>Daffy Duck Hunt</I>, <I>Golden Yeggs</I>, and the aforementioned <I>A Star Is Bored</I> with Bugs. <P> Warner Home Video quickly released a second and final wave of <I>Cartoon Cavalcade</I> videos in March 1989. Instead of the 45-minute cartoon compilations that kicked off the series, these two new releases contained half-hour Chuck Jones television specials starring Bugs, 1976's <I>Bugs and Daffy's Carnival of the Animals</I> and 1978's <I>Bugs Bunny in King Arthur's Court</I>. Noteworthy for being the first ever home video release of the recurring prime-time Looney Tunes TV specials, the two tapes proved to be popular enough that almost all of the remaining specials would be individually released throughout the early 1990s. <P> March 1989 also saw the release of the third wave of MGM/UA's <I>Cartoon Moviestars</I> series. Focusing entirely on the Looney Tunes characters again, three new character collections were issued for $14.95 each, as was a brand new feature-length compilation for $19.98 that would more or less overshadow the rest of the releases. <P> Hosted by Leonard Maltin, the feature-length <I>Bugs & Daffy: The Wartime Cartoons</I> examined Hollywood's efforts during World War II, specifically those of the cartoon studios. With a proper historical context, the video presented eleven uncut mid-40s cartoons from the Turner library, the majority of which were making their debuts on home video. Though some of the more racially charged cartoons like <I>Bugs Bunny Nips the Nips</I> and <I>Coal Black and de Sebben Dwarfs</I> were judiciously overlooked, the entertaining selection of shorts ranged from such classics as <I>Little Red Riding Rabbit</I> and <I>Draftee Daffy</I> to such rarely seen one-shots as <I>Fifth Column Mouse</I> and the Chuck Jones newsreel spoof <I>The Weakly Reporter</I>. <I>Bugs & Daffy: The Wartime Cartoons</I> would become a highlight in the <I>Cartoon Moviestars</I> series while also serving as a stepping stone to more adult-collector-oriented releases yet to come from MGM/UA. <P> Among the more family-friendly character releases, Bugs again got a new solo collection with <I>Bugs Bunny Classics</I>. Billed as a "Special Collector's Edition" in anticipation of the character's fiftieth birthday in 1990, the video was composed primarily of Bugs's adventures from the tail end of the Turner-owned pre-1948 package, including such highlights as <I>Rabbit Punch</I>, <I>Haredevil Hare</I>, and two early tussles with Yosemite Sam: <I>Hare Trigger</I> and the epic <I>Bugs Bunny Rides Again</I>. Daffy also got a brand new collection in <I>Just Plain Daffy</I>, which was made up entirely of cartoons previously released in the old Viddy-Oh! <I>Cartoon Festival</I> volumes like <I>Ain't That Ducky</I> and <I>Nasty Quacks</I>, but at least this time they were presented uncut with their Warner Bros. bullseye openings intact. The final new compilation in this assortment was <I>Tweety & Sylvester</I>, collecting almost all of the Turner-owned cartoons starring the two characters (together and apart). All of the Tweety cartoons from the <I>Little Tweety and Little Inki Cartoon Festival Featuring "I Taw a Putty Tat"</I> video were included, as were such home video premieres as Tweety's debut in <I>A Tale of Two Kitties</I>, Sylvester's own introduction in <I>Life with Feathers</I>, and the outrageously oddball cartoon <I>Crowing Pains</I> starring Sylvester and Foghorn Leghorn! <P> In addition to the tape releases on VHS and Beta, this new wave of <I>Cartoon Moviestars</I> also offered a few new laserdisc releases. <I>Bugs & Daffy: The Wartime Cartoons</I> was given a laserdisc release, while older <I>Cartoon Moviestars</I> collections were combined to create new single-disc laserdiscs. The <I>Bugs!</I> and <I>Elmer!</I> videos became the <I>Bugs! & Elmer!</I> laserdisc, while <I>Daffy!</I> and <I>Porky!</I> became (what else?) <I>Daffy! & Porky!</I> <P> The rest of 1989 saw an interesting mix of other releases from different sides. In July Warner Home Video issued the theatrical compilation movie <I>Daffy Duck's Quackbusters</I> on VHS, Beta, and laserdisc in part to cash in on the theatrical release of Columbia's <I>Ghostbusters II</I>--becoming the studio's best-selling Looney Tunes title since the <I>Golden Jubilee</I> line. But perhaps the most unique release came in October with the 45-minute video <I>Cartoons for Big Kids</I> released not by MGM/UA but instead by the newly formed Turner Home Entertainment. Capitalizing on the newfound adult appreciation of classic theatrical animation in the wake of last year's blockbuster <I>Who Framed Roger Rabbit</I>, Leonard Maltin wrote, produced, and hosted this look at some of the supposed racier shorts produced during the Golden Age of Hollywood--or at least those in the Turner library. Two Looney Tunes cartoons--<I>The Big Snooze</I> and <I>The Great Piggy Bank Robbery</I>--were included, as were the MGM Tex Avery shorts <I>King-Size Canary</I> and <I>Red Hot Riding Hood</I>. <I>Cartoons for Big Kids</I> became so popular that Image Entertainment would issue a laserdisc edition in 1992. <P> The Looney Tunes characters, however, made perhaps their most watched home video showing that November, as Bugs and Daffy returned as Warner Bros. Collection catalog salesmen at the start of Warner's <I>Batman</I> video. A slightly retouched and redubbed version of the original 1988 trailer (and now featuring Jeff Bergman providing the voices of Bugs and Daffy for the first time), the animated ad appeared on all 13.5 million VHS and Beta copies that were shipped to retailers. With <I>Batman</I> setting a record of 9.8 million rentals in its first two weeks of release--and with video stores, grocery stores, discount stores, toy stores, and music stores all clearing shelf space to sell the in-demand blockbuster direct to consumers--it was clear that wherever the Caped Crusader went, Bugs and Daffy were going to follow. <P> But as much as 1989 was the year of the bat, 1990 was all set to be the year of the wabbit. <BR CLEAR="all"> <CENTER> <P> <FONT FACE="arial,helvetica"><B><A HREF="index.htm">PART ONE</A> - <A HREF="history2.htm">PART TWO</A> - <A HREF="history3.htm">PART THREE</A> - <A HREF="history4.htm">PART FOUR</A> - <A HREF="history5.htm">PART FIVE</A></B></FONT> <P> <HR> <P> <A HREF="http://www.dohtem.com/bugs/index.htm"><IMG SRC="../homebottom.gif" WIDTH="134" HEIGHT="137" ALT="Back Home" TITLE="Back Home" BORDER="0"></A> <P> LOONEY TUNES, Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Road Runner, Wile E. Coyote, Speedy Gonzales, and all related characters are the exclusive properties of Warner Bros., a Warner Bros. Discovery company. </BODY> </HTML>

The Bugs Bunny Video Guide - The Looney Tunes Video History [![The Bugs Bunny Video Guide](../btop01.gif "The Bugs Bunny Video Guide")](http://www.dohtem.com/bugs/index.htm)[![The Daffy Duck Video Guide](../btop02.gif "The Daffy Duck Video Guide")](http://www.dohtem.com/bugs/daffy)[![The Road Runner & Wile E. Coyote Video Guide](../btop03.gif "The Road Runner & Wile E. Coyote Video Guide")](http://www.dohtem.com/bugs/road.htm)[![The Pepe le Pew Video Guide](../btop07.gif "The Pepe le Pew Video Guide")](http://www.dohtem.com/bugs/pepe.htm)[![Looney World After All](../btop04.gif "Looney World After All")](http://www.dohtem.com/bugs/foreign)[![Marvin's Miscellany](../btop05.gif "Marvin's Miscellany")](http://www.dohtem.com/bugs/marvin)[![Looney Tunes DVD News and Reviews](../btop06.gif "Looney Tunes DVD News and Reviews")](http://www.dohtem.com/bugs/news) | | | --- | | | **[PART ONE](index.htm) - [PART TWO](history2.htm) - [PART THREE](history3.htm) - [PART FOUR](history4.htm) - [PART FIVE](history5.htm)** # PART ONE: *An all-star anthology of cartoon classics!* (The 1980s) --- When a small film-duplication company in suburban Detroit named Magnetic Video gave birth to the home video industry in 1977, little did anyone realize how it would almost singularly (if not single-handedly) redefine how the public viewed, enjoyed, and consumed movies...or what it would mean for the growing and very passionate culture of cartoon enthusiasts young and old. Sure, most series of theatrical cartoons were being seen regularly on both network television and in local syndication, while companies like United Artists sold 8 mm films throughout the 1960s and 1970s to varying degrees of success, but never before was the possibility presented of being able to purchase a studio-produced collection to easily watch at one's desire and to their heart's content. The proliferation of the Looney Tunes library in this new avenue of exposure would in most cases go hand-in-hand with the evolution of the industry itself. And as new technologies and formats became available, the cartoons would find both new and continued audiences waiting for them to enjoy, study, and appreciate. | | | --- | | Bugs imitates Yosemite Sam in new footage from *The Bugs Bunny/Road Runner Movie*, the first ever Looney Tunes production to see release on home video. | Not interested in merely leasing out its catalog to an outside company the way 20th Century Fox did with Magnetic Video, or forming a partnership with another content provider like MGM did with CBS, Warner Bros. decided to venture out on its own and founded its own video label in 1979, joining Paramount and Columbia as the first movie studios to exploit their respective libraries directly to consumers. Inauspiciously named WCI Home Video, the label officially launched in early February 1980 with the release of a couple dozen titles on both VHS and Beta (the studio would continue to regularly release titles on both formats through the early 1990s), many of which were popular Warner Bros. releases of the past decade. In addition to such hits as *Superman: The Movie*, *Dog Day Afternoon*, and *Dirty Harry*, among that initial batch of releases was *The Bugs Bunny/Road Runner Movie*, a theatrical compilation from the previous year that featured a number of classic Looney Tunes cartoons directed by Chuck Jones. (In fact, *BB/RR* was the historic third title ever released by the fledgling label, behind only *Blazing Saddles* and *The Green Berets*.) Priced at the "low end" of the retail spectrum at $49.95, *The Bugs Bunny/Road Runner Movie* proved to be a popular title not only in the growing rental market but also through direct consumer sales, quickly becoming a top twenty chart item in *Billboard* and selling over 20,000 copies within its first year of release. In keeping with WCI's theme of presenting their movies in the most prestigious way possible, the cassette's large book-style box included text that provided insight into the making of the movie and even an excerpt from an interview with Jones. Right from the start, Warner Bros. was interested in presenting their animated shorts and characters as a vital part of the studio's storied history and of the American film experience. That need to frame the Looney Tunes in a historically important context continued with the 1982 offerings by the newly rechristened Warner Home Video. First up was April's release of the 1981 compilation feature *Friz Freleng's Looney Looney Looney Bugs Bunny Movie*. Despite its $69.95 retail price, the movie nevertheless became another best seller for the studio. The same price point would be used in June for the first wave of *A Night at the Movies*, a multi-volume series that spotlighted celebrated Warner Bros. movies from the mid-to-late 1950s. Highlighting such classics as *Dial M for Murder* and *Auntie Mame*, the five videos in the first assortment attempted to recreate the vintage moviegoing experience by also including a year-specific newsreel, coming attractions, and a complete Warner Bros. cartoon. Marking the first time the cartoons had been released on home video uncut and not merely as excerpts in a compilation movie, major Looney Tunes series were represented with the inclusion of classics like *Speedy Gonzales*, *A Star Is Bored*, and *Greedy for Tweety*. The cartoons were given almost equal billing on the packaging with the featured movies, while the characters themselves were billed and treated as authentic Warner Bros. stars. The notion of pairing popular Warner Bros. movies with contemporary cartoons was one that Warner Home Video would revisit in years to come. | | | --- | | Warner Home Video's marketing materials for its *Night at the Movies* collections, such as the above ad from the July-August 1982 issue of *American Film*, attempted to trade in on the nostalgia of the classic American moviegoing experience. | While all of the major movie studios were feeling their way around VHS and Beta, that July Warner Home Video would look forward to new technologies by issuing its first five titles onto CED videodisc, a record-like disc format that RCA was pushing at the time. Among Warner's debut disc titles was one of the most popular tapes from the label's first year, *The Bugs Bunny/Road Runner Movie*, offered for just $19.98. November 1982 also saw another, more lasting presentation of the characters on home video with the launch of *The Looney Tunes Video Show*. Priced at $39.95 each, three volumes were initially offered with an additional four being advertised as "coming soon!" Each cassette contained seven complete Warner Bros. cartoons and, true to the series title (and perhaps in an attempt to recreate the random nature of television presentations of the shorts), featured a mix of various characters. One Bugs Bunny cartoon highlighted each volume, while the remaining contents varied from films featuring such other "big stars" as Daffy Duck and Tweety, to 1960s Speedy Gonzales cartoons, to celebrated one-shots such as Robert McKimson's *The Hole Idea*. Even with their somewhat high price tag, the three *Looney Tunes Video Show* volumes would prove to be popular in both the rental and sell-through markets, and within three years each collection would sell between ten to twelve thousand copies. The videos would later be reissued at a more reasonably priced $14.95 in March 1989 and remain in print for another decade. Despite being advertised as a "series of seven," volumes four through seven would never see an American release but would eventually be made available in Canada and throughout Europe. The *Looney Tunes Video Show* series actually proved to be so popular overseas that additional, expanded editions would be released in 1983 and 1984 (while even more, uniquely compiled volumes were dubbed into French and Spanish for international use but later found their way into parts of North America). In all, nineteen official volumes of *The Looney Tunes Video Show* were released worldwide. But for the time being, if American fans wanted to enjoy Looney Tunes at home on video, their options were strictly limited--but Warner's 1983 offerings would expand the library. February's second wave of *A Night at the Movies* covered classic films from the years 1959 to 1963 and included such cartoons as *Person to Bunny*, *Banty Raids*, and even the Chuck Jones one-shot *Martian Through Georgia* (which had usually suffered from television edits due to a suicide reference). The success of the first two compilation features on home video prompted April's rush-release of the previous fall's *Bugs Bunny's 3rd Movie: 1001 Rabbit Tales* for $49.95 and then *Daffy Duck's Movie: Fantastic Island* for $39.98 in November--and CED editions of most of the movies (*1001 Rabbit Tales* being the lone castaway) were also issued before the format was mercifully discontinued. But Warner Bros. was about to enter the home video sell-through race in a very big way. The year 1985 didn't seem all that particularly significant when it came to Warner Bros. cartoons. Apart from it just by happenstance being Porky Pig's fiftieth birthday (and this at a time when media characters' "birthdays" weren't really major events), the Looney Tunes franchise was in a comfortable lull. No new theatrical movies were in production, the series of recurring half-hour prime time television specials had wrapped three years before, it had been five years since the characters last appeared in a new seven-minute cartoon, and *The Bugs Bunny/Road Runner Show* was ending a historic seventeen-year run on CBS Saturday mornings. But Warner Bros. deemed it necessary to suddenly celebrate all things Looney, declaring the year the fiftieth anniversary of the free-wheeling and anarchic spirit that made the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies shorts popular and beloved for generations. Central to this celebration was the October 1985 release of the *Golden Jubilee: 24 Karat Collection*, a series of intially nine, one-hour videos each containing eight uncut classic Looney Tunes cartoons, primarily from the post-1948 library still owned by the studio. Six of the videos spotlighted specific characters or duos--Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Porky Pig, Road Runner and Wile E. Coyote, Sylvester and Tweety, and Speedy Gonzales--while the other three volumes highlighted the three major creative forces of the Looney Tunes post-war heyday: Mel Blanc, Friz Freleng, and Chuck Jones. (Robert McKimson, Bob Clampett, Tex Avery, and Arthur Davis were also represented throughout the series, albeit in much smaller doses.) | | | --- | | The Chuck Jones classic *Rabbit of Seville* was one of the few Looney Tunes cartoons offered in both assortments of the *Golden Jubilee* series, seen on *A Salute to Mel Blanc* and then on *Elmer Fudd's Comedy Capers*. | With over two decades' worth of material to choose from for these collections, Warner Home Video picked only the utmost best of the best. The four Oscar-winning cartoons the studio still controlled--*For Scent-imental Reasons*, *Speedy Gonzales*, *Birds Anonymous*, and *Knighty Knight Bugs*--were featured, as were all three installments of the iconic "wabbit season" trilogy, the revolutionary animation/live action hybrid *You Ought to Be in Pictures*, and such inarguable classics as *Duck Dodgers in the 24 1/2th Century*, *Show Biz Bugs*, *Robin Hood Daffy*, and of course *What's Opera, Doc?* In addition to shorts starring the main Looney Tunes characters, most volumes in the series also contained either a one-shot cartoon or one starring lesser known characters such as the Goofy Gophers, Hubie and Bertie, and Marc Anthony and Pussyfoot. To better show off the cream of the crop, new video transfers were created for each of the cartoons, masters that Warner Bros. would eventually also use for its various television packages. Among other technical tweaking, colored windowbox mattes were added to the cartoons' opening credits to prevent overscanning from clipping off names--including one unique multi-colored matte for the titles of *The Pied Piper of Guadalupe*. Despite all the extra care taken in the process, a select number of cartoons--including *Dough for the Do-Do* and *Porky's Duck Hunt*--were inexplicably sped up. It would be decades before some of these shorts were remastered properly. To kick off the series, Warner Bros. Animation produced a brand new opening sequence. With the iconic Merrie Melodies theme "Merrily We Roll Along" playing in the background, the Tasmanian Devil speeds down a city street in the middle of the night on a motorcycle, with a police car close behind. He decides to take a shortcut into a nearby theater that has the *Golden Jubilee: 24 Karat Collection* title on the marquee. Switching music to an instrumental of the *Bugs Bunny Show* theme "This Is It," we cut to a close-up of a sandwich-board sign that announces which character or person the specific compilation is spotlighting. The *Bugs Bunny Show* motif continues as Bugs, Daffy, and Porky are seen dancing on a stage in vaudeville outfits, with a procession of other Looney Tunes stars marching behind them (including Yosemite Sam, who curiously wasn't given his own volume in the series despite evidence that keeps turning up to suggest that he was supposed to). Bugs, Daffy, and Porky each do a wild take as they see Taz zooming across the stage on his bike, creating a huge cloud of dust and smoke. As an end-title version of "Merrily We Roll Along" starts to play, Taz cuts through the cloud and speeds toward the camera, with the Warner Bros. shield appearing on his headlight. *Entertainment Tonight's* film critic Leonard Maltin, fresh from publishing the essential animation-history book *Of Mice and Magic*, penned liner notes for each release, going into the history of the characters and studio in a way never before attempted on a consumer product. Every effort was made to present as complete a picture of the studio's animated legacy as possible, with Warner Home Video even making the somewhat bold decision to include a few choice black and white cartoons. The videos perfectly served their purpose as quality family entertainment while also catering to the serious animation fan. Priced at $19.98 each, the videos were released ideally with the intent of consumers buying them to take home and share with their families, but they would nevertheless also become popular rental staples for the next two decades. To fulfill retailer pre-orders, Warner Home Video shipped 200,000 units from across the series (almost unheard of for what was considered a "non-theatrical" release), and by mid-October sales climbed to 250,000 copies. To help promote the series and anniversary celebration, Trix cereal had a mail-in offer for a specially packaged version of *The Looney Tunes Video Show #1*, a film and art exhibition opened at the Museum of Modern Art in New York, a brand new one-hour television special was produced for NBC featuring a slew of celebrities, Warner Bros. arranged to have Bugs awarded with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, and--tying it all back to the home video industry--Bugs became the spokesrabbit for Sony's new SuperBeta player. | | | --- | | The whole gang is present in an industry ad for the *Golden Jubilee* series seen in the August 21, 1985, issue of *Variety*. This full-on image would also be used for the cover of a special retailer screener video and then later for the Spanish-language *Fiesta de Comiquitas 4*. | It was perhaps inevitable then that a second wave of *Golden Jubilee* videos would appear in stores a year later, in October 1986. Slightly lower in price at $17.98 each and with only three new volumes, the second assortment served more as a companion to the first by focusing on three characters overlooked the year before: Elmer Fudd, Foghorn Leghorn, and Pepé le Pew. Leonard Maltin returned with new liner notes to give the videos some much-needed prestige, but a decided lack of enthusiasm hung over these new releases. The amount of character artwork on the packaging was reduced, the cartoon selection itself was a little more questionable than those on the earlier volumes, and--perhaps most frustrating of all--cartoons released on last year's *Golden Jubilee* collections were repeated in this new batch. Both *Pepe le Pew's Skunk Tales* and *Elmer Fudd's Comedy Capers* contained shorts last seen just a year before on *A Salute to Mel Blanc* and *A Salute to Chuck Jones*, while *Foghorn Leghorn's Fractured Funnies* included a cartoon previously available on *The Looney Tunes Video Show #3*. This trend of video deja vu would rear its ugly head from time to time on future Warner releases. Despite the overlap, a total of ninety-one unique cartoons were released in the *Golden Jubilee* series, forming the basis of many Looney Tunes fans' home video collections and setting the standard for series to come. Meanwhile, across town another major Hollywood studio was about to enter the Looney Tunes video market. Trying to keep track of all of the partnerships, buyouts, and mergers MGM had gone through since the 1970s could make one's head spin, but what's important to know is that in mid-1985 a deal was set in motion where MGM and all of its assets were going to be purchased by Ted Turner to add to his quickly growing empire of cable networks and sports franchises. In addition to MGM's own vast library of classic films, the deal was also to include ownership of United Artists, which MGM had previously acquired back in 1981. Among United Artists' own properties was the former Associated Artists Productions library. It was back in 1956 when AAP had made the historic purchase of Warner Bros.' pre-1950 film library for a whopping $21 million, a deal that included all live-action and animated short subjects copyrighted before September 1, 1948. All of this meant that by the mid-1980s many of the iconic Warner Bros. films such as *Casablanca* and *White Heat*--and especially all of the classic color wartime cartoons--were now safely in the hands of a rival movie studio, and with yet another new owner looming overhead. With the Turner deal taking the rest of the year to complete, and with the future of its library uncertain, MGM renewed its focus on exploiting its vast family entertainment properties, acquired or otherwise. By this point the studio had only treaded lightly when it came to animation on home video, having released only the scant Tom and Jerry or Droopy compilation here and there (and one focusing on various MGM cartoons under the banner *MGM Cartoon Magic*)--not to mention occasional one-off releases such as *The Phantom Tollbooth* or the Chuck Jones Dr. Seuss television specials. Even the United Artists properties like the Pink Panther were off the table for a while, as a deal with Magnetic Video was still in effect when MGM bought the studio. But with the clock ticking down before Turner could sink his claws into the studio and its library, MGM had to act fast, and in November 1985 MGM/UA Home Video unveiled its "Viddy-Oh! for Kids" imprint. Anchored by a re-release of *The Wizard of Oz*, Viddy-Oh! served as the catch-all banner for MGM's various family productions, becoming the industry's first "family entertainment" sub-label. The inaugural batch of videos also included the first ever Pink Panther compilation, a Lone Ranger movie, and Don Bluth's *The Secret of NIMH*. The success of these releases quickly prompted MGM/UA to expand the line, with a particular focus on all of the classic animation it had at its disposal (the lone exception were the United Artists-owned Popeye theatrical cartoons, as a 1983 attempt by MGM to release them on home video was met with a cease-and-desist from King Features). By year's end of 1985 *The Best of Bugs Bunny and Friends* became available in stores for just $19.95. MGM/UA had to engage in some careful arranging when compiling their Looney Tunes videos, and it showed in the contents of *The Best of Bugs Bunny and Friends*, which followed the "all-star" model of Warner's *Looney Tunes Video Show* volumes and served as a sort of preview to the additional collections the label had planned. Though United Artists had ample amounts of classic Bugs, Daffy, and Porky cartoons to release, its access to other major Warner Bros. characters was severly limited. Their library only included two early Foghorn Leghorn cartoons, two rather atypical Pepé le Pew shorts, no Road Runner, no Speedy Gonzales, a few Sylvesters, and barely enough Tweety material to cover a single video. Widening the net a bit on who exactly to consider as "star" characters, the initial seven-cartoon tape--which featured such gems as *What's Cookin' Doc?*, *Duck Soup to Nuts*, *Nothing but the Tooth*, and the Oscar-winning *Tweetie Pie*--also included *A Feud There Was* with the prototypical pre-Arthur Q. Bryan Elmer Fudd, *Bedtime for Sniffles* with Chuck Jones's early mouse character, and (most surprising of all) *The Little Lion Hunter* with youthful African native Inki. | | | --- | | "How do they expect a guy to sleep with water on the brain??" asks a frustrated Daffy in one of the better-selling titles from MGM/UA's Viddy-Oh! For Kids line, the expanded *Porky Pig and Daffy Duck Cartoon Festival Featuring "Tick Tock Tuckered."* | The Looney Tunes releases that followed over the course of 1986 were more character-specific, presented as "cartoon festivals" and spotlighting one of the included shorts; with titles like *Bugs Bunny Cartoon Festival Featuring "Little Red Riding Rabbit,"* *Porky Pig Cartoon Festival Featuring "Tom Turk and Daffy,"* etc. Each volume in the series typically contained four or five cartoons and were priced at $14.95, while a select few were expanded to include seven and sold for $19.95. When it came to the star Looney Tunes characters, Bugs had two "festivals" released in the series while also sharing a third with Elmer, Porky had two released and shared a third with Daffy, Daffy had two solo releases, and Elmer had one to himself. Again reflecting United Artists' Looney Tunes limitations, Sniffles also received his own compilation with *Sniffles the Mouse Cartoon Festival Featuring "Sniffles Bells the Cat."* But clearly the strangest release in the entire lineup was *Little Tweety and Little Inki Cartoon Festival Featuring "I Taw a Putty Tat,"* combining two completely unrelated cartoon series, one of which would soon be pulled from television altogether due to perceived insensitivity toward African Americans. Though the Chuck Jones Inki cartoons weren't produced with any malicious intent (and are extremely tame in their depictions of a black character versus, say, *Coal Black and de Sebben Dwarfs*), one couldn't help but question the wisdom in featuring the character on the cover of a kid-friendly video release, complete with stereotypical white lips and African tribal earrings. Though the story content of the shorts on these collections were uncut, the films' overall presentations were not. Attempting to present the compilations as a singular program, United Artists fashioned each video with an extended uniform "Blue Ribbon" opening. After showing the decades-old Associated Artists Productions syndication logo that was standard on all of United Artists' Looney Tunes cartoons at the time, a generic "Blue Ribbon Merrie Melodies" cartoon opening starts to play, with a 1939 arrangement of "Merrily We Roll Along" (lifted from a random Merrie Melodies short) dubbed over the image. Instead of the Merrie Melodies logo fading into an actual cartoon title like on the Warner Bros. reissues that utilized the sequence, the "Blue Ribbon" screen simply freeze-frames for the duration of the music. Once this new sequence ends, the video then merely jumps to the opening credits of each cartoon (or, in many cases, to the "Blue Ribbon" version of the cartoon's title), skipping the bullseye opening, WB shield, and series title each time. These kit-bashed and edited openings would be seen on Turner's cable networks for the better part of the next decade, while future MGM releases would thankfully forego modifying anything in the cartoons themselves (with one debatable exception). While Warner Home Video and MGM/UA Home Video waged a friendly war to vie for the hearts (and wallets) of Looney Tunes fans, a third contender was starting to come into dubious notoriety. Though certain companies had relied on exploiting public domain material for as long as home video had been around, the sudden success of Warner's *Golden Jubilee* series and MGM/UA's Viddy-Oh! line meant that by 1986 and 1987 hundreds of new budget labels were starting to crawl out of the woodwork, all with designs on the 123 Looney Tunes shorts that one way or another had fallen out of copyright (not to mention odds and ends like the various government-funded productions like the Private Snafu series or *Any Bonds Today?*). Seedy-seeming companies with vague, shady-sounding names like Parents Approved Video and United American Video churned out a multitude of ultra-cheap VHS tapes to be sold in grocery stores, discount stores, dime stores, toy stores, home-shopping channels on TV--really, anywhere they were lucky enough to get distribution. Public domain videos usually ran either a half-hour in length (fitting an average of four cartoons) or were special "one hour" collections, though a select few were also found to run as short as fifteen minutes or as long as six hours. The people who put the compilations together rarely gave any thought to consistency or compatibility, so cartoons from various studios were often placed on the same video, or a video boasting all Bugs Bunny cartoons might also have a Popeye or some random one-shot thrown in as well. A number of Warner Bros. cartoons--including *Daffy Duck and the Dinosaur*, *Falling Hare*, and *A Tale of Two Kitties*--were well-utilized for these tapes to the point of ubiquitousness. But due to the need to fill up these videos, public domain releases also offered rarer cartoons that weren't regularly seen in modern-day television packages (*Boom Boom*, *Inki and the Minah Bird*, *Pagan Moon*), wartime cartoons that certainly weren't going to see the light of day on home video anytime soon (*Tokio Jokio*, *The Ducktators*, *Scrap Happy Daffy*), and even a couple of the infamous "Censored 11" cartoons that hadn't been officially distributed since 1968 (*All This and Rabbit Stew*, *Jungle Jitters*). And even though many black and white Porky Pig and Daffy Duck cartoons were in the public domain, these companies instead released the redrawn colorized versions done in 1968--that were still copyrighted by Warner Bros. For the most part, these collections are a mess in every possible way, from aesthetics to functionality. Titles on the boxes were rarely more imaginative than *Daffy Duck* or *Elmer Fudd and Friends* or *Over One Hour of Cartoons Volume 1* (a real one from Hollywood Select Video). Character depictions on the covers were usually badly traced from either frames of the cartoons or from clip art and then colored in with marker--or, as the boxes instead phrased it to avoid legal hassle, "The illustrations on this package are color enhanced reproductions from the actual cartoons." The actual cassettes rarely had labels or anything printed on them, while the tapes when played were often riddled with tracking or other technical problems, issues that weren't helped by most labels insisting on duplicating their product in LP or SLP speed in order to maximize content on shorter or lower quality cassettes. The cartoons themselves were almost always at the mercy of choppy, faded 16 mm prints, often looking as if they had come from a dumpster behind a defunct television station. Main and end titles were sometimes edited, replaced, or missing altogether. | | | --- | | Bugs does a classic wild take in Tex Avery's *All This and Rabbit Stew*, one of the infamous "Censored 11" Warner Bros. cartoons that nevertheless became a semi-regular offering on public domain videos (though, admittedly, looking infinitely better here than it ever did on any such releases). | There were a few diamonds in the rough, though, such as Bosko Video's *Inside Termite Terrace* series (which attempted to frame the compilations around the early history of the Warner studio) and Shokus Video's *Cartoon Collection* volumes. Even hip music label Rhino Records got into the act by releasing a couple of Private Snafu collections. But for every one video that was worth the time and trouble to track down, there were at least twenty others clogging store shelves and spinner racks that were barely distinguishable from each other. Some companies tried to present their collections as part of a series, such as Nippon's *Super Star Cartoon Video* or New Age Video's *Classic Cartoon Favorites*, while others such as Star Classics or Kids Klassics simply regarded them as stand-alone releases. And the less said about Vidtape, Inc.'s sprawling *Cartoons R Fun* line launched in 1989, the better. Due to some of the rarer material turning up on these tapes, public domain videos became a necessary evil for cartoon collectors for the better part of the next decade and a half. Perhaps inspired by Republic Pictures reclaiming the copyright to *It's a Wonderful Life* in 1993, around the turn of the century Warner Bros. would begin aggressively pursuing legal action against many of these video labels for infringing on their characters and--probably more importantly--for not clearing the still-copyrighted music used in all of the Looney Tunes cartoons. Many companies gave up outright and stopped including Warner material on their releases, while others tried to slip them into their "one hour" collections under the radar. A new batch of public domain companies would spring up again in the age of DVD. Over at one of the movie studios that were legitimately releasing Looney Tunes videos, 1987 was a bit of a transitional year at MGM. Ted Turner's buyout of the studio had been completed the year before, but to relieve debt he spent the rest of 1986 selling off significant portions of the acquired company, including the United Artists division, the trademark to the MGM name, and the actual MGM movie studio itself. Turner kept the one prize he was really after: the massive library consisting of pre-1986 MGM, pre-1950 Warner Bros., and RKO movies. MGM itself was able to reorganize under the spun-off United Artists, but in order to keep its home video division thriving on more than just the James Bond and *Rocky* franchises, the reformed MGM/UA Home Video entered a fifteen-year deal to license Turner's newly acquired library. Ironically, this meant that MGM had to pay Turner to release its own classic movies on home video. Enter newly appointed director of programming George Feltenstein. A former national sales manager for the New York-based Films, Inc., Feltenstein had made a name for himself by unearthing and revitalizing classic films for the revival-house circuit--including securing distribution rights for the works of French auteur Jacques Tati and supervising a Cinemascope restoration of *The King and I* for Fox. Closer to home, he had also earned critical praise for producing *Porky Pig in Hollywood*, a touring two-hour festival of black and white Porky shorts presented on newly struck 35 mm prints. Now in charge of programming at MGM/UA Home Video, among his other duties Feltenstein wanted to rethink how the label presented animation releases. Though the Viddy-Oh! *Cartoon Festival* titles sold well, they were still no match for Warner's *Golden Jubilee* releases, where the majority of the volumes were being certified Gold and Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. It didn't help that the white Viddy-Oh! clamshell boxes did little to set them apart from similar-looking kid-vid tapes that were muscling their way onto store shelves. Feltenstein wanted to create a new line in the mold of the *Golden Jubilee* series, and in March 1988 he delivered with *Cartoon Moviestars*. Though the *Cartoon Moviestars* line would eventually cover all of MGM's major animated properties, the initial assortment focused solely on Warner Bros. cartoons. Four character titles--spotlighting Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Elmer Fudd, and Porky Pig--were made available at $14.95 each, as was the first ever home video release of the 1975 documentary *Bugs Bunny Superstar* for $19.95. With new uncut prints supplied by Turner Entertainment, the character collections featured a number of essential 1940s cartoons, many of which were making their home video debuts. And to add an extra layer of credibility to these releases, 1960s Warner Bros. animator Art Leonardi provided the character designs for the cover artwork. The *Bugs!* video included such memorable shorts as *Bugs Bunny Gets the Boid*, *Baseball Bugs*, and two entries in the Cecil Turtle trilogy; *Daffy!* contained the classics *Book Review* (in its misspelled "Blue Ribbon" form) and *The Great Piggy Bank Robbery*; *Elmer!* had a delightfully odd mix of cartoons that included two of his earliest 1940s appearances, *Elmer's Candid Camera* and *Good Night Elmer*; and in addition to such films as *Little Orphan Airedale* and *I Haven't Got a Hat*, the *Porky!* tape took a page from Warner's *Golden Jubilee* series by including the beloved Tex Avery one-shot *I Love to Singa*. Along with the cartoons included within *Bugs Bunny Superstar*, a total of thirty-eight uncut pre-1948 Looney Tunes shorts were released in the first wave, to say nothing of the numerous title-edited cartoons available on the still-in-print Viddy-Oh! *Cartoon Festival* volumes. The new line was very well received, with *Bugs Bunny Superstar* and *Bugs!* becoming the top-selling titles in this first assortment. | | | --- | | Bugs interrupts Daffy's moviegoing lecture in this *Duck Amuck*-inspired commercial for the Warner Bros. Collection catalog, seen on rental copies of *Police Academy 5* and *Beetlejuice* (and then later in altered form on *Batman* and other titles). | Warner Home Video, meanwhile, was still enjoying success from its *Golden Jubilee* tapes, and it would be a few months before the label released any kind of follow-up. In the meantime, though, Bugs and Daffy began a new role as studio pitchmen. On the August 1988 rental release of *Police Academy 5: Assignment Miami Beach* and then later on the October release of *Beetlejuice*, the two appeared in a newly animated seventy-second trailer promoting the new Warner Bros. Collection catalog. When interested viewers called the provided 800 number to sign up, they were asked which video they saw Bugs and Daffy on. The ad was so successful that a second one, starring Daffy walking around the Warner lot *Who Framed Roger Rabbit*-style in a spoof of Mel Blanc's old American Express commercial, would appear on video releases by summer of 1989...before American Express complained to Warner Bros. (Seriously!) The successful launch of the *Cartoon Moviestars* line reinvigorated MGM/UA's attention to its various animated properties. Striking while the iron was hot, the label released a second wave in September 1988, this time adding some non-Warner properties to the mix. Keeping the same pattern of four compilations and one feature-length movie, the new assortment included *Starring Bugs Bunny!*, *Starring Tom & Jerry!*, *The Pink Panther*, the first volume of what would become the very popular *Tex Avery's Screwball Classics* sub-series, and a reissue of the feature *The Secret of NIMH*. Though the Looney Tunes were now sharing the proverbial stage (and cover motif) with MGM and United Artists characters, it was nevertheless clear that Bugs was envisioned to be the flagship star of the *Cartoon Moviestars* series. In addition to the VHS releases, MGM/UA also issued a laserdisc edition of *Bugs Bunny Superstar*. Warner Home Video had previously released a laserdisc of *Daffy Duck's Movie: Fantastic Island*, but this marked the first time that uncut Looney Tunes shorts were made available on the format--and it would lead to grander releases from MGM/UA in the near future. The *Starring Bugs Bunny!* video, meanwhile, featured seven cartoons that were all new to home video, focusing on more underrated mid-1940s shorts by Chuck Jones, Friz Freleng, and Robert McKimson. Such highlights included *Easter Yeggs*, *Buccaneer Bunny*, *A Hare Grows in Manhattan*, and *A Feather in His Hare*, which was still in regular rotation on television but would soon be quietly retired due to its Native American antagonist. The back cover's brief liner notes tried to give the cartoons some historical context, even crediting such rarely acknowledged crew members as Elmer voice artist Arthur Q. Bryan and post-war producer Edward Selzer. As MGM/UA continued aggressively pushing new Looney Tunes video product onto the marketplace, it was time for Warner Home Video to get back into the game. With the self-imposed fiftieth anniversary behind them, Warner needed to not only rebrand their video releases but also market them less to collectors and more to families and general consumers. In October 1988 the studio launched its *Cartoon Cavalcade* line, a modest series of 45-minute videos priced at $14.95 each. Though the series was the heir apparent to the *Golden Jubilee* collection, every aspect of the compilations was much smaller in scope. Only three characters--Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, and Porky Pig--were spotlighted in the initial assortment, the eight-cartoon average on each video was scaled down to just six, and almost all of the cartoons included were from the mid-1950s with very little either before or after that. Most future Warner Home Video VHS releases would be assembled in that same mold. The selection of Bugs, Daffy, and Porky to star in the new compilations wasn't as random as it may have seemed, as their *Golden Jubilee* volumes were easily the top selling titles in the line. Three years after their release, *Bugs Bunny's Wacky Adventures*, *Daffy Duck: The Nuttiness Continues...*, and *Porky Pig's Screwball Comedies* were still outselling many new and catalog releases by rival studios. But the catalyst for the new line might not have been past releases but rather another company's product, as Warner's ad materials invited retailers to "cash in on the *Roger Rabbit* rage with everybody's favorite *other* rabbit and his pals!" Despite the reduced focus on the studio's history, there was nevertheless an attempt to shine a prestigious light on these compilations, especially as Warner Bros. was beginning to look forward to another milestone: Bugs Bunny's own fiftieth birthday. Each video's back cover included liner notes by a relatively unknown writer and historian who would quickly become one of the most recognized and respected names in the animation industry, Jerry Beck. For the better part of the 1980s, Beck had been enjoying a varied career in film and animation research, including stints at Orion Classics and United Artists and assisting Leonard Maltin with research on *Of Mice and Magic*. Beck himself had published his own animation book with co-author Will Friedwald, 1981's *The Warner Bros. Cartoons*, and at the time the two were collaborating on a follow-up, the landmark paperback "bible" *Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies: A Complete Illustrated Guide to the Warner Bros. Cartoons*. If anyone had an encyclopedic enough mind to properly frame a context for the Looney Tunes shorts, it was Jerry Beck, starting an off-and-on partnership with Warner Home Video that would continue for the next three decades. Warner Home Video crafted a new introduction for the *Cartoon Cavalcade* line, doing away with the newly animated sequence that kicked off the *Golden Jubilee* videos. This time, a clip of Bugs and Daffy from the iconic stage opening of *The Bugs Bunny Show* segues into a Looney Tunes montage set to "This Is It." Scenes from various Warner Bros. cartoons (all of which were included in the *Golden Jubilee* series) play on a filmstrip set against a blue background decorated with WB shields. A final shot from the *Bugs Bunny Show* opening closes the montage as the song ends, with the filmstrip receding back into the center of a red Looney Tunes bullseye. Finally, a new graphic appears to announce the title of the video. | | | --- | | Bugs naturally commanded his own compilation in Warner's *Cartoon Cavalcade* line, but he also shared the spotlight with Daffy on *Daffy Duck's Madcap Mania* via *A Star Is Bored*. | Almost all of the eighteen shorts in the *Cartoon Cavalcade* collection were new to home video, with only *My Little Duckaroo* and *A Star Is Bored* having been released back during the *Night at the Movies* series. The Bugs volume, *Bugs Bunny's Hare-Raising Tales*, was the only video to have a running theme, featuring the rabbit's takes on classic stories and fairy tales. Highlights on the tape included *A-Lad-in His Lamp*, *Rabbit Hood*, and *Rabbitson Crusoe*, incredibly marking only the tenth Yosemite Sam cartoon released on video in the United States. *Porky Pig Tales* contained a couple of fine later Chuck Jones shorts such as *Jumpin' Jupiter* but also some unique odds and ends like Arthur Davis's *The Pest That Came to Dinner* and Robert McKimson's *China Jones*, a *China Smith* spoof starring Daffy that was somewhat infamous for its rather politically incorrect ending. The arguable standout in this small collection, however, was *Daffy Duck's Madcap Mania*, which featured a number of classic cartoons such as *Daffy Duck Hunt*, *Golden Yeggs*, and the aforementioned *A Star Is Bored* with Bugs. Warner Home Video quickly released a second and final wave of *Cartoon Cavalcade* videos in March 1989. Instead of the 45-minute cartoon compilations that kicked off the series, these two new releases contained half-hour Chuck Jones television specials starring Bugs, 1976's *Bugs and Daffy's Carnival of the Animals* and 1978's *Bugs Bunny in King Arthur's Court*. Noteworthy for being the first ever home video release of the recurring prime-time Looney Tunes TV specials, the two tapes proved to be popular enough that almost all of the remaining specials would be individually released throughout the early 1990s. March 1989 also saw the release of the third wave of MGM/UA's *Cartoon Moviestars* series. Focusing entirely on the Looney Tunes characters again, three new character collections were issued for $14.95 each, as was a brand new feature-length compilation for $19.98 that would more or less overshadow the rest of the releases. Hosted by Leonard Maltin, the feature-length *Bugs & Daffy: The Wartime Cartoons* examined Hollywood's efforts during World War II, specifically those of the cartoon studios. With a proper historical context, the video presented eleven uncut mid-40s cartoons from the Turner library, the majority of which were making their debuts on home video. Though some of the more racially charged cartoons like *Bugs Bunny Nips the Nips* and *Coal Black and de Sebben Dwarfs* were judiciously overlooked, the entertaining selection of shorts ranged from such classics as *Little Red Riding Rabbit* and *Draftee Daffy* to such rarely seen one-shots as *Fifth Column Mouse* and the Chuck Jones newsreel spoof *The Weakly Reporter*. *Bugs & Daffy: The Wartime Cartoons* would become a highlight in the *Cartoon Moviestars* series while also serving as a stepping stone to more adult-collector-oriented releases yet to come from MGM/UA. Among the more family-friendly character releases, Bugs again got a new solo collection with *Bugs Bunny Classics*. Billed as a "Special Collector's Edition" in anticipation of the character's fiftieth birthday in 1990, the video was composed primarily of Bugs's adventures from the tail end of the Turner-owned pre-1948 package, including such highlights as *Rabbit Punch*, *Haredevil Hare*, and two early tussles with Yosemite Sam: *Hare Trigger* and the epic *Bugs Bunny Rides Again*. Daffy also got a brand new collection in *Just Plain Daffy*, which was made up entirely of cartoons previously released in the old Viddy-Oh! *Cartoon Festival* volumes like *Ain't That Ducky* and *Nasty Quacks*, but at least this time they were presented uncut with their Warner Bros. bullseye openings intact. The final new compilation in this assortment was *Tweety & Sylvester*, collecting almost all of the Turner-owned cartoons starring the two characters (together and apart). All of the Tweety cartoons from the *Little Tweety and Little Inki Cartoon Festival Featuring "I Taw a Putty Tat"* video were included, as were such home video premieres as Tweety's debut in *A Tale of Two Kitties*, Sylvester's own introduction in *Life with Feathers*, and the outrageously oddball cartoon *Crowing Pains* starring Sylvester and Foghorn Leghorn! In addition to the tape releases on VHS and Beta, this new wave of *Cartoon Moviestars* also offered a few new laserdisc releases. *Bugs & Daffy: The Wartime Cartoons* was given a laserdisc release, while older *Cartoon Moviestars* collections were combined to create new single-disc laserdiscs. The *Bugs!* and *Elmer!* videos became the *Bugs! & Elmer!* laserdisc, while *Daffy!* and *Porky!* became (what else?) *Daffy! & Porky!* The rest of 1989 saw an interesting mix of other releases from different sides. In July Warner Home Video issued the theatrical compilation movie *Daffy Duck's Quackbusters* on VHS, Beta, and laserdisc in part to cash in on the theatrical release of Columbia's *Ghostbusters II*--becoming the studio's best-selling Looney Tunes title since the *Golden Jubilee* line. But perhaps the most unique release came in October with the 45-minute video *Cartoons for Big Kids* released not by MGM/UA but instead by the newly formed Turner Home Entertainment. Capitalizing on the newfound adult appreciation of classic theatrical animation in the wake of last year's blockbuster *Who Framed Roger Rabbit*, Leonard Maltin wrote, produced, and hosted this look at some of the supposed racier shorts produced during the Golden Age of Hollywood--or at least those in the Turner library. Two Looney Tunes cartoons--*The Big Snooze* and *The Great Piggy Bank Robbery*--were included, as were the MGM Tex Avery shorts *King-Size Canary* and *Red Hot Riding Hood*. *Cartoons for Big Kids* became so popular that Image Entertainment would issue a laserdisc edition in 1992. The Looney Tunes characters, however, made perhaps their most watched home video showing that November, as Bugs and Daffy returned as Warner Bros. Collection catalog salesmen at the start of Warner's *Batman* video. A slightly retouched and redubbed version of the original 1988 trailer (and now featuring Jeff Bergman providing the voices of Bugs and Daffy for the first time), the animated ad appeared on all 13.5 million VHS and Beta copies that were shipped to retailers. With *Batman* setting a record of 9.8 million rentals in its first two weeks of release--and with video stores, grocery stores, discount stores, toy stores, and music stores all clearing shelf space to sell the in-demand blockbuster direct to consumers--it was clear that wherever the Caped Crusader went, Bugs and Daffy were going to follow. But as much as 1989 was the year of the bat, 1990 was all set to be the year of the wabbit. **[PART ONE](index.htm) - [PART TWO](history2.htm) - [PART THREE](history3.htm) - [PART FOUR](history4.htm) - [PART FIVE](history5.htm)** --- [![Back Home](../homebottom.gif "Back Home")](http://www.dohtem.com/bugs/index.htm) LOONEY TUNES, Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Road Runner, Wile E. Coyote, Speedy Gonzales, and all related characters are the exclusive properties of Warner Bros., a Warner Bros. Discovery company.

http://www.dohtem.com/bugs/history/

<html> <head> <title>Welcome</title></head> <body bgcolor="#CCCCFF" background="graphics/olivepink_marble.gif" link="#FFFF00" vlink="#FFFF00" alink="#FFFF00"> <center><noscript><a href="http://www.ztnetstore.com/">Xbox</a></noscript> </center> <div align="center"> <p><a href="index2.html"><img src="graphics/screenmania.jpg" width="500" height="150" alt="Created by Opi - can you make a better one ?" border="2"></a></p> </div> <table width="700" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2" align="center" bgcolor="#003333" bordercolorlight="#FFFFFF"> <tr> <td height="297"> <p align="center"><font face="Verdana"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="2">-</font><font color="#FFFF00" size="2"> <font color="#FFFFFF">The site with probably the most</font> </font><font color="#FFFFFF" size="2" face="Verdana"><font color="#00FF00">Game Boy Color</font></font><font color="#FFFF00" size="2"> <font color="#FFFFFF">screenshots online on the whole net</font> <font color="#FFFFFF">-</font></font></font></p> <table width="94%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <tr> <td> <div align="center"> <p align="center"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="2" face="Verdana">If you dislike screenshots, the color <font color="#FF0000"><b>RED</b></font> or you're on a really slow connection (< 56k) then you should better leave or you'll risk a serious heart attack !</font></p> <p align="center"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="2" face="Verdana">ScreenMania makes <b>heavy use</b> of screenshots ..... when I say heavy I really mean HEAVY - so don't complain. </font></p> <table width="80%" border="1" cellspacing="3" cellpadding="3" align="center" bgcolor="#330000" bordercolorlight="#FFFFFF" height="50"> <tr> <td> <p align="center"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="2" face="Verdana">Now <a href="index2.html" target="_self">come inside</a> and have some fun. </font></p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </td> </tr> </table> <p align="center"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="2" face="Verdana">Feel the magic of the past - recollect some memories or just waste some time and bandwidth :) <br> If you feel the inner pain to contribute then you're welcome. <br> Check the CONTRIBUTE section for further information.</font></p> <p align="center"><font face="Verdana" size="1" color="#CCFFFF"><br> Best viewed with 1024 x 768 and 16bit colors - ScreenMania supports Netscape 4.xx</font></p> </td> </tr> </table> </body> </html>

Welcome [Xbox](http://www.ztnetstore.com/) [![Created by Opi - can you make a better one ?](graphics/screenmania.jpg)](index2.html) | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | - The site with probably the most Game Boy Color screenshots online on the whole net - | | | | --- | --- | | If you dislike screenshots, the color **RED** or you're on a really slow connection (< 56k) then you should better leave or you'll risk a serious heart attack ! ScreenMania makes **heavy use** of screenshots ..... when I say heavy I really mean HEAVY - so don't complain. | | | --- | | Now [come inside](index2.html) and have some fun. | | Feel the magic of the past - recollect some memories or just waste some time and bandwidth :) If you feel the inner pain to contribute then you're welcome. Check the CONTRIBUTE section for further information. Best viewed with 1024 x 768 and 16bit colors - ScreenMania supports Netscape 4.xx |

http://screenmania.retrogames.com/

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <title>limor</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <script language="JavaScript" type="text/JavaScript">  </script> </head> <body onLoad="MM_preloadImages();"> <map name="SplendorMap"> <area shape="rect" coords="6,147,135,177" href="techproj/freshair/index.html" onMouseOver="Splendor1Over();" onMouseOut="Splendor1Out();"> <area shape="rect" coords="6,177,135,207" href="techproj/USB232/index.html" onMouseOver="Splendor2Over();" onMouseOut="Splendor2Out();"> <area shape="rect" coords="6,207,135,237" href="techproj/aether/index.html" onMouseOver="Splendor3Over();" onMouseOut="Splendor3Out();"> <area shape="rect" coords="6,237,135,267" href="techproj/Atmex/index.html" onMouseOver="Splendor4Over();" onMouseOut="Splendor4Out();"> </map> <map name="VictoryMap"> <area shape="rect" coords="92,141,217,171" href="javascript:victory1Click()" alt="" onMouseOver="victory1Over();" onMouseOut="Victory1Out();"> <area shape="rect" coords="92,171,217,201" href="javascript:victory2Click()" onMouseOver="victory2Over();" onMouseOut="Victory2Out();"> <area shape="rect" coords="208,54,276,83" href="javascript:portfolio1click()" onMouseOver="portfolio1over();" onMouseOut="portfolio1out();"> <area shape="rect" coords="209,87,276,117" href="javascript:portfolio2click()" onMouseOver="portfolio2over();" onMouseOut="portfolio2out();"> <area shape="rect" coords="209,119,277,151" href="javascript:portfolio3click()" onMouseOver="portfolio3over();" onMouseOut="portfolio3out();"> </map> <map name="WisdomMap"> <area shape="rect" coords="150,193,266,224" href="make/minty/index.html" alt="" onMouseOver="wisdom1over();" onMouseOut="wisdom1out();"> <area shape="rect" coords="150,223,268,250" href="make/minipov/index.html" alt="" onMouseOver="wisdom2over();" onMouseOut="wisdom2out();"> </map> <map name="kindnessMap"> <area shape="rect" coords="150,-1,266,28" href="javascript:wisdomext1click();" alt="" onMouseOver="wisdomext1over();" onMouseOut="wisdomext1out();"> </map> <center> <tr> </tr> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td><a href="pub/research.html" title="Research" onMouseOver="ResearchEnter()" onMouseOut="ResearchLeave()"> <img src="treeimages/intelligence.jpg" width="290" height="250" border="0" alt="Research" name="intelligence" ></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="treeimages/strength.jpg" width="290" height="130" border="0" name="strength" ></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="techproj/index.html" title="Technical Projects" onMouseOver="SplendorEnter()" onMouseOut="SplendorLeave()"> <img src="treeimages/splendor.jpg" alt="Technical Projects" name="splendor" width="290" height="400" border="0" usemap="#SplendorMap"></a></td> </tr> </table></td> <td> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td><a href="bio/index.html" title="Biography" onMouseOver="CrownEnter();" onMouseOut="CrownLeave();"> <img src="treeimages/crown.jpg" alt="Biography" name="crown" width="75" height="250" border="0"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="portfolio/2006/index.html" title="Portfolio" onMouseOver="BeautyEnter();" onMouseOut="BeautyLeave();"> <img src="treeimages/beauty.jpg" alt="Portfolio" name="beauty" width="75" height="190" border="0" ></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="library/procure/index.html" title="Resources" onMouseOver="FoundationEnter();" onMouseOut="FoundationLeave();"> <img src="treeimages/foundation.jpg" alt="Resources" name="foundation" width="75" height="115" border="0"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="about.html" title="Kingdom" onMouseOver="KingdomEnter();" onMouseOut="KingdomLeave();"> <img src="treeimages/kingdom.jpg" alt="My Kingdom" name="kingdom" width="75" height="225" border="0"></a></td> </tr> </table></td> <td> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td><a href="make/index.html" title="Make" onMouseOver="WisdomEnter();" onMouseOut="WisdomLeave();"> <img src="treeimages/wisdom.jpg" alt="Make" name="wisdom" width="285" height="250" border=0 usemap="#wisdomMap" ></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="" title="kindness" onMouseOver="KindnessEnter();" onMouseOut="KindnessLeave();"> <img src="treeimages/kindness.jpg" name="kindness" width="285" height="130" border="0" usemap="#kindnessMap" ></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="index.html" title="identity" onMouseOver="VictoryEnter();" onMouseOut="VictoryLeave();"> <img src="treeimages/victory.jpg" alt="Victory" name="victory" width="285" height="400" border=0 usemap="#VictoryMap"></a></td> </tr> </table></td> </tr> </table> </center> </body> </html>

limor  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | --- | | [Research](pub/research.html "Research") | | | | [Technical Projects](techproj/index.html "Technical Projects") | | | | | --- | | [Biography](bio/index.html "Biography") | | [Portfolio](portfolio/2006/index.html "Portfolio") | | [Resources](library/procure/index.html "Resources") | | [My Kingdom](about.html "Kingdom") | | | | | --- | | [Make](make/index.html "Make") | | | | [Victory](index.html "identity") | |

http://www.ladyada.net/

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <HTML> <HEAD> <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=koi8-r"> <TITLE>KOMKON Site</TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY TEXT="#FFFCCO" ALINK="#FF8080" LINK="#FFFF40" VLINK="FFFF40" BGCOLOR="#000000" BACKGROUND="background.gif" > <B><I>You have reached...</I></B> <P> <IMG ALT="[#]" ALIGN=LEFT SRC="Logo.gif"> <CENTER> <H1>THE KOMKON SITE</H1> <H4> brought to you by Timur Ruban and friends,<BR> at <A HREF="http://www.frontex.com/">Frontier Vision Technologies</A><BR> </H4> </CENTER> <BR CLEAR="ALL"> <HR> <H3>Who are we?</H3> We are Timur Ruban, Igor Roshchin, and Marat Fayzullin, a group of friends who decided to create a site on the Net for the people whose interests are similar to ours. We welcome people who want to build their own "worlds" on the Net. <B>If you</B> are one of them, and <B>have something interesting to put out for the public usage,</B> feel free to <B>contact Timur</B> ("tima 'at' komkon.org") and ask him for a place at <I>KOMKON</I>. <P> In order to maintain this server, we also provide <A HREF="http://www.frontex.com/">commercial services</A> in creation and maintenance of WWW pages and FTP archives. <B>If you</B> like our WWW design and <B>would like us to create</B> and maintain <B>a WWW site for your company, contact Timur</B> ("tima 'at' komkon.org") to talk about the terms. <P> <H3>At this site:</H3> <DL> <DT><A HREF="http://Library.komkon.org/"><B>Library</B></A> <DD> Our Public Library. A lot of books in both Russian and English (mostly in Russian though). You will need <A HREF="http://koi8.pp.ru/"> KOI8</A> drivers in order to read Russian documents. These drivers are available from our Tools directory. <DT><A HREF="/Humor/"><B>Humor</B></A> <DD> Jokes, anecdotes, and other humorous documents in both Russian and English. You will need <A HREF="http://koi8.pp.ru/"> KOI8</A> drivers in order to read Russian documents. These drivers are available from our Tools directory. </DL> <CENTER> Comments to: "nestor 'at' komkon.org" </CENTER> <P> <DL><DT><A HREF="http://Bard-Cafe.komkon.org"><B>Bard-Cafe</B></A> <DD> Information about concerts, KSP-related events; archives of Bards'("author's") songs, related catalogs, audio files, and other related information. </DL> <CENTER> Comments to: "bards 'at' komkon.org" </CENTER> <P> <DL> <DT><A HREF="http://www.artpalace.com"><B>The Artpalace</B></A> <DD> A collection of unique artworks, created by artists from the former USSR and other countries of the world. </DL> <CENTER> Comments to: "nestor 'at' komkon.org" </CENTER> <p> <DL> <DT><A HREF="ftp://ftp.komkon.org/pub/RussianIRC/"><B>#Russian IRC channel</B></A> <DD> An "official" FTP site of the <A HREF="http://fms.komkon.org/RussianIRC/">#russian</A> channel. Pictures of #russian regulars, etc. <B>If</B> you consider yourself a #russian regular, you can submit your picture to ("marat 'at' komkon.org") for inclusion into the archive. Please, try to keep it in .GIF format, undithered, &lt 70kB. <DT><A HREF="/EMUL8/"><B>The Emul8! archive</B></A> <DD> Historical Computing and Emulation section. Contains MSX, Coleco, GameBoy, Spectrum, etc. emulators, documentation, and software. </DL> <CENTER> Comments to: "marat 'at' komkon.org" </CENTER> <P> <DL> <DT><A HREF="http://PUG.komkon.org/"> <B>PUG Pentax Users Gallery</B> </A> <DD> A gallery of images produced by the members of the Pentax-Discuss list. </DL> <CENTER> Comments to: "pug 'at' komkon.org" </CENTER> <P> <DL> <DT><A HREF="http://plg.komkon.org/"> <B>Pentax Lens Gallery</B> </A> <DD> This gallery aims at documenting particular aspects (such as bokeh and flare) of Pentax and related third-party lenses that cannot easily be quantified by numbers, but might be illustrated with images. </DL> <CENTER> Comments to: "plg 'at' komkon.org" </CENTER> <P> <H3>Users:</H3> These are the homepages of people at <I>KOMKON</I>. Administration does not bear any responsibility for their content, although it does attempt to keep them in the bounds of reasonable decency. <UL> <LI><A HREF="http://www.komkon.org/~tima/">Timur Ruban</A> <LI><A HREF="http://www.komkon.org/~str/">Igor Roshchin</A> <LI><A HREF="http://fms.komkon.org/">Marat Fayzullin</A> <LI><A HREF="http://www..komkon.org/~bartenev/">Konstantin Bartenev</A> <LI><A HREF="http://www.komkon.org/~bushel/">Vladimir Bushel</A> <LI><A HREF="http://www.komkon.org/~prusakov/">Jane Prusakova</A> <LI><A HREF="http://www.komkon.org/~maramoy/">Evgenia Kurts</A> <LI><A HREF="http://www.komkon.org/~anchan/">Anna Ivanova</A> <LI><A HREF="http://www.komkon.org/~bcat/">Alex Krasivsky</A> <LI><A HREF="http://www.komkon.org/~dekogel/">Marcel De Kogel</A> <LI><A HREF="http://www.komkon.org/~galinap/">Galina Prusakova</A> <LI><A HREF="http://www.komkon.org/~kira/">Olga Krastoshevsky</A> <LI><A HREF="http://www.komkon.org/~leon/">Leon Vernikov</A> <LI><A HREF="http://www.komkon.org/~mana/">Michael Molokoedow</A> <LI><A HREF="http://www.komkon.org/~napoleon/">Vsevolod Zhakov</A> <LI><A HREF="http://www.komkon.org/~romm/">Roman M. Parparov</A> <LI><A HREF="http://www.komkon.org/~sergrin/">Sergey Grinkrug</A> <LI><A HREF="http://www.komkon.org/~sher/">Alexander Poylisher</A> <LI><A HREF="http://www.komkon.org/~tacik/">Stas Kolenikov</A> <LI><A HREF="http://www.komkon.org/~tsarkov/">Oleg and Larisa Tsarkov</A> <A HREF="http://www.komkon.org/~vadim/"><Vadim Kostoglodoff> <LI><A HREF="http://Bard-Cafe.komkon.org/vrag/">Vladimir Ragimov</A> </UL> <P> <H4>Our <A HREF="ftp://ftp.komkon.org/pub/">ftp server</A>. </H4> <HR> <IMG SRC="/cgi-bin/Count.cgi?df=komkon.dat" ALIGN=LEFT ALT=""> <A HREF="http://www.freebsd.org/"><IMG ALIGN=RIGHT WIDTH="171" HEIGHT="64" BORDER="0" ALT="Powered by FreeBSD." SRC="powerani.gif"></A> <A HREF="http://www.apache.org/"><IMG ALIGN=RIGHT WIDTH="196" HEIGHT="23" BORDER="0" ALT="Powered by Apache." SRC="apache.gif"></A> All transfers are logged. If you have any problems with this WWW site, please, send e-mail to "www 'at' komkon.org" If you have problems accessing our FTP, send mail to "ftpman 'at' komkon.org" <BR CLEAR="ALL"> </BODY> </HTML>

KOMKON Site ***You have reached...*** ![[#]](Logo.gif) # THE KOMKON SITE #### brought to you by Timur Ruban and friends, at [Frontier Vision Technologies](http://www.frontex.com/) --- ### Who are we? We are Timur Ruban, Igor Roshchin, and Marat Fayzullin, a group of friends who decided to create a site on the Net for the people whose interests are similar to ours. We welcome people who want to build their own "worlds" on the Net. **If you** are one of them, and **have something interesting to put out for the public usage,** feel free to **contact Timur** ("tima 'at' komkon.org") and ask him for a place at *KOMKON*. In order to maintain this server, we also provide [commercial services](http://www.frontex.com/) in creation and maintenance of WWW pages and FTP archives. **If you** like our WWW design and **would like us to create** and maintain **a WWW site for your company, contact Timur** ("tima 'at' komkon.org") to talk about the terms. ### At this site: [**Library**](http://Library.komkon.org/) Our Public Library. A lot of books in both Russian and English (mostly in Russian though). You will need [KOI8](http://koi8.pp.ru/) drivers in order to read Russian documents. These drivers are available from our Tools directory. [**Humor**](/Humor/) Jokes, anecdotes, and other humorous documents in both Russian and English. You will need [KOI8](http://koi8.pp.ru/) drivers in order to read Russian documents. These drivers are available from our Tools directory. Comments to: "nestor 'at' komkon.org" [**Bard-Cafe**](http://Bard-Cafe.komkon.org) Information about concerts, KSP-related events; archives of Bards'("author's") songs, related catalogs, audio files, and other related information. Comments to: "bards 'at' komkon.org" [**The Artpalace**](http://www.artpalace.com) A collection of unique artworks, created by artists from the former USSR and other countries of the world. Comments to: "nestor 'at' komkon.org" [**#Russian IRC channel**](ftp://ftp.komkon.org/pub/RussianIRC/) An "official" FTP site of the [#russian](http://fms.komkon.org/RussianIRC/) channel. Pictures of #russian regulars, etc. **If** you consider yourself a #russian regular, you can submit your picture to ("marat 'at' komkon.org") for inclusion into the archive. Please, try to keep it in .GIF format, undithered, < 70kB. [**The Emul8! archive**](/EMUL8/) Historical Computing and Emulation section. Contains MSX, Coleco, GameBoy, Spectrum, etc. emulators, documentation, and software. Comments to: "marat 'at' komkon.org" [**PUG Pentax Users Gallery**](http://PUG.komkon.org/) A gallery of images produced by the members of the Pentax-Discuss list. Comments to: "pug 'at' komkon.org" [**Pentax Lens Gallery**](http://plg.komkon.org/) This gallery aims at documenting particular aspects (such as bokeh and flare) of Pentax and related third-party lenses that cannot easily be quantified by numbers, but might be illustrated with images. Comments to: "plg 'at' komkon.org" ### Users: These are the homepages of people at *KOMKON*. Administration does not bear any responsibility for their content, although it does attempt to keep them in the bounds of reasonable decency. * [Timur Ruban](http://www.komkon.org/~tima/)* [Igor Roshchin](http://www.komkon.org/~str/)* [Marat Fayzullin](http://fms.komkon.org/)* [Konstantin Bartenev](http://www..komkon.org/~bartenev/)* [Vladimir Bushel](http://www.komkon.org/~bushel/)* [Jane Prusakova](http://www.komkon.org/~prusakov/)* [Evgenia Kurts](http://www.komkon.org/~maramoy/)* [Anna Ivanova](http://www.komkon.org/~anchan/)* [Alex Krasivsky](http://www.komkon.org/~bcat/)* [Marcel De Kogel](http://www.komkon.org/~dekogel/)* [Galina Prusakova](http://www.komkon.org/~galinap/)* [Olga Krastoshevsky](http://www.komkon.org/~kira/)* [Leon Vernikov](http://www.komkon.org/~leon/)* [Michael Molokoedow](http://www.komkon.org/~mana/)* [Vsevolod Zhakov](http://www.komkon.org/~napoleon/)* [Roman M. Parparov](http://www.komkon.org/~romm/)* [Sergey Grinkrug](http://www.komkon.org/~sergrin/)* [Alexander Poylisher](http://www.komkon.org/~sher/)* [Stas Kolenikov](http://www.komkon.org/~tacik/)* [Oleg and Larisa Tsarkov](http://www.komkon.org/~tsarkov/) [* [Vladimir Ragimov](http://Bard-Cafe.komkon.org/vrag/)](http://www.komkon.org/~vadim/) #### Our [ftp server](ftp://ftp.komkon.org/pub/). --- ![](/cgi-bin/Count.cgi?df=komkon.dat) [![Powered by FreeBSD.](powerani.gif)](http://www.freebsd.org/) [![Powered by Apache.](apache.gif)](http://www.apache.org/) All transfers are logged. If you have any problems with this WWW site, please, send e-mail to "www 'at' komkon.org" If you have problems accessing our FTP, send mail to "ftpman 'at' komkon.org"

http://www.komkon.org/