దుర్గా ఖోటే

దుర్గా ఖోటే (14 జనవరి 1905 − 22 సెప్టెంబర్ 1991) ఒక భారతీయ చలనచిత్ర నటి. ఈమె హిందీ, మరాఠీ సినిమాలలోను, నాటకాలలోను 50 సంవత్సరాల పాటు విరివిగా నటించింది. ఈమె దాదాపు 200 సినిమాలలో నటించింది. ఈమె తన జీవితకాల సాఫల్యతకు భారతీయ సినిమారంగంలో అత్యున్నత పురస్కారమైన దాదాసాహెబ్ ఫాల్కే పురస్కారాన్ని 1983లో అందుకుంది.
right|thumb|60px|పద్మశ్రీ పురస్కారం

 వృత్తి 
thumb|అయోధ్యేచ రాజా చిత్రంలో తారామతి వేషంలో దుర్గా ఖోటే.
1931లో ప్రభాత్ ఫిలిం కంపెనీ తీసిన ఫరేబి జాల్  మూకీ చిత్రంలో ఒక చిన్న పాత్రలో నటించడం ద్వారా దుర్గా ఖోటే సినిమా రంగప్రవేశం చేసింది. తరువాత మాయా మశ్చీంద్ర  అనే హిందీ,మరాఠీ ద్విభాషా చిత్రంలో నటించింది. 1932లో అయోధ్యేచ రాజా చిత్రంతో కథా నాయికగా నటించడం ఆరంభించింది. ఈ చిత్రంలో తారామతి వేషం ధరించింది. Indeed, she ventured yet another pioneering trend: Despite working closely with the Prabhat Film Company, she broke away from the "studio system" (exclusive contract with a studio to work in its films on a monthly salary) then in vogue and became one of the first "freelance" artistes of that era by working occasionally with the New Theatres, East India Film Co. (both at Calcutta), and Prakash Pictures.

In 1936, she played Saudamini in Amar Jyoti, which is one of her most memorable roles.

In 1937, she produced and directed a film titled Saathi, making her one of the first women to step into this role in Indian cinema. The 40s opened for her in a big way, with award-winning performances in Aachary Atre's Payachi Dasi (Marathi) and Charnon Ki Dasi (Hindi) (1941) and Vijay Bhatt's classic Bharat Milap (1942), both of which got her the BFJA Best Actress Award for two consecutive years.

Durga Khote remained active in the theatre circuit for many years, especially the Marathi theatre in Mumbai. She was actively associated with the Indian People's Theatre Association (IPTA) and worked in several plays for the Mumbai Marathi Sahitya Sangh. In 1954, she famously performed the role of Lady Macbeth in V.V. Shirwadkar's Marathi adaptations of Macbeth, as Rajmukut, The Royal Crown, along with Nanasaheb Phatak.Shakespeare in India  internetshakespeare.uvic.ca

thumb| పోస్టేజి స్టాంపుపై దుర్గా ఖోటే
Durga Khote played a wide variety of roles over a career that was not only long, but also untouched by scandal. She was the inspiration for several generations of Indian actresses, including veterans such as the late Shobhna Samarth, who frequently spoke of how she had been inspired by Khote's example.

During later years, she played several important character roles, such as the mother of the protagonist. Her portrayal of Jodhabai, the queen of Akbar torn between duty towards her husband and love towards her son in Mughal-e-Azam (1960) was well received. In 1963, she acted in Merchant Ivory's debut film The Householder (1963).Filmography on Allmovie.Filmography on The New York Times.

She went on to play other widely appreciated character roles in later movies, such as the role of the grandmother of the heroine in Bobby (1973), the hero's aunt in Abhimaan (1973), and the very memorable Bidaai (1974), where she played a mother, a very sensitive role that can make one cry and received the Filmfare Best Supporting Actress Award.

Her final memorable role was in Subhash Ghai's Karz (1980), where she played the role of the mother of Raj Kiran and later, mother to Rishi Kapoor, who played the role of Raj Kiran's reincarnation after the screen death of Raj Kiran in the movie.

She acted in over 200 films in her career. By the 1980s she successfully diversified into production of short films, ad films and documentaries by setting up Fact Films and later, Durga Khote Productions, which produced the Doordarshan TV series Wagle Ki Duniya.

 వ్యక్తిగత జీవితం 
Durga Khote was married when she was a teenager to Vishwanath Khote, a gentleman of her own caste and similar social background, in a match arranged by their parents in the usual Indian manner. It was a traditional marriage into an orthodox family, the couple lived a harmonious and happy life, and the marriage was blessed with two sons. Vishwanath was a mechanical engineer who had graduated from Banaras Hindu University. His family was upper middle class and professional, with modern English education and high social standing; his ancestors had been prominent bankers.

Unfortunately, Vishwanath Khote died young, when Durga was barely into her 20s. She and her sons continued to reside with her in-laws, as is traditional in India, but she was not comfortable with her dependent position, especially because her father-in-law was no more, and they were dependent on other family members for their expenses. Shs thus felt impelled to make a living any which way she could, and the opening in films happened entirely by chance. The fact that she came from a modern and English-educated family meant that, even as a widow, she was able to act in films, which was derided as a disreputable profession in those days.

Durgaji, thus raised her two sons, Bakul and Harin, single-handedly. Both of them went on to become well-settled in life. But she suffered the loss of her son Harin, who predeceased her and died in his 40s. Harin was married to Vijaya Jaywant, and they were the parents of two sons. After Harin's early death, his widow married a Parsi man named Farrokh Mehta and became famous as the film-maker Vijaya Mehta.

Durga Khote's grandchildren (children of Bakul and Harin) include her grandson Ravi, a filmmaker; granddaughter Anjali Khote, an actress; and grandson Deven Khote, a successful producer who is one of the co-founders of UTV, and who has also directed a film.UTV co-founder turns directorDurga Khote profile Washington State University Deven Khote is noted for producing films such as Jodhaa Akbar and Life in a Metro.Deven Khote  The New York Times,

Durga Khote's brother-in-law, Nandu Khote (brother of Vishwanath), was a noted stage and silent movie actor. Two of Nandu's children are also active in the film industry. His son Viju Khote is an actor perhaps best known for his role of "Kalia" in Sholay (1975). Nandu's daughter is the actress Shubha Khote, who debuted in Seema (1955) and worked as a heroine in several films before moving to character roles. Still later, she moved to directing and producing Marathi films and also entered television in the 90s. Shubha's daughter, Bhavana Balsavar, is also an award-winning TV actress who appeared in sitcoms like Dekh Bhai Dekh and Zabaan Sambhalke before deciding to settle down and raise a family.An Interview with Shobha Khote Rediff.com.The Forgotten Bollywood bhai-behan Brigade Bollywood Hungama, 9 August 2006. Thus, the acting profession which was pioneered by Durga Khote in her family has been fully embraced by her late husband's family.

Durga Khote also had some rather improbable, distinguished relatives with no connection to films. The socialite and politician Sharda Mukherjee (nee Sharada Pandit), who herself served as governor of the states of Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh, and who was the wife of Subroto Mukherjee, India's first Chief of the Air Staff, was Durga Khote's first cousin (her mother's sister's daughter). Sharda Mukherjee's paternal uncle, Ranjit Sitaram Pandit, was the husband of Jawaharlal Nehru's sister Vijayalakshmi Pandit. In other words, Durga Khote's mausi (mother's sister) was the Devrani of Vijayalakshmi Pandit; their husbands were the Pandit brothers.

Later in life, Durga Khote wrote an autobiography in Marathi, entitled Mee, Durga Khote, which was translated into English as I, Durga Khote, and moved to Alibaug, near Mumbai. Durga Khote died on 22 September 1991.

 ఫిల్మోగ్రఫీ 
thumb|అమర్ జ్యోతి(1936) చిత్రంలో దుర్గా ఖోటే

సంవత్సరం సినిమా పేరు పాత్ర వివరాలు 1931  ఫరేబీ జాల్   1932  అయోధ్యేచ రాజ  తారామతి హిందీ/మరాఠీ సినిమా 1932  మాయా మశ్చీంద్ర  రాణి  హిందీ/మరాఠీ సినిమా 1933  పతిత్ పావన్   1933  రాజ్‌రాణి మీరా  మీరా  1934  సీత  సీత  1935  ఇంక్విలాబ్  మిస్ రినీ  1935  జీవన్ నాటక్  మిస్ క్వీన్  1936  అమర్ జ్యోతి  సౌదామిని  1937  ప్రతిభ  ప్రతిభ  1938  నందకుమార్   1938  సాథీ   1939  అధూరీ కహానీ  హర్బలా  1940  యామ్లా జాత్   1940  గీతా  దుర్గ  హిందీ/మరాఠీ సినిమా 1940  నర్సీ భగత్  మానెక్ బాయి  గుజరాతీ/హిందీ సినిమా 1941  చరణోఁ కీ దాసి / పాయచి దాసి  విద్య అత్తగారు  హిందీ/మరాఠీ సినిమా 1942  భారత్ మిలాప్  కైకేయి  హిందీ/మరాఠీ సినిమా 1942  విజయ్   1943  ఖుర్బాని   1943  మహాసతి అనసూయ   1943  మహాత్మా విదుర్   1943  పృథ్వీ వల్లభ్  మృణాళ్‌వతి  1943  తస్వీర్  విద్యాదేవి  1943  జమీన్   1944  మహారథి కర్ణ  కుంతి  1945  లఖ్‌రానీ  బిచ్వా  1945  పన్నాదాయి   1945  ఫూల్   1945  వీర్ కునాల్   1946  మహారాణి మినాల్ దేవి   1946  రుక్మిణి స్వయంవర్   1948  అంజుమన్   1948  సీతా స్వయంవర్   1949  సింగార్   1949  జీత్  రతన్ తల్లి  1949  మాయా బజార్   1950  అలక్ నిరంజన్   1950  బే కసూర్   1950  హర్ హర్ మహదేవ్   1950  మగ్రూర్   1950  Nishana   1950  Hamara Ghar 1951  Aaram  Sita  1951  Hamari Shaan   1951  Humlog  Mother  1951  Nai Zindagi   1951  Sazaa   1952  Aandhiyan    1952  Lal Kunwar   1952  Mordhwaj   1952  Narveer Tanaji   1952  Sandesh   1953  Chacha Chowdhury   1953  Mashooka   1953  Naag Panchami   1953  Naulakha Haar  Devla  1953  Shikast   1954  Lakeeren   1954  Mirza Ghalib  Amma, Chaudvin's mother  1954  Shri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu   1955  Adil-E-Jahangir   1956  Justice   1956  Parivar   1956  Patrani  Raj Mata  1956  Rajdhani   1957  Bade Sarkar   1957  Bhabhi  Ratan's aunt  1957  Mera Salaam   1957  Musafir  Mrs. Nilambar Sharma  1958  Raj Tilak   1959  Ardhangini  Prakash's mother  1959  Ghar Ghar Ki Baat   1959  Maine Jeena Seekh Liya   1960  Mughal-E-Azam  Maharani Jodha Bai  1960  Parakh  Rani Ma, J.C. Roy's mother  1960  Love in Simla  Sonia's grandmother  1960  Usne Kaha Tha   1961  Bhabhi Ki Chudiyan  Prabha's mother  1961  Kismet Palat Ke Dekh   1961  Senapati   1962  Main Shadi Karne Chala   1962  Man-Mauji  Dr. Mohan's mother  1962  రంగోలీ  Subhagi  1962  Son of India  Head Nun  1963  The Householder  Prem's mother  1963  Mujhe Jeene Do   1964  Benazir   1964  Door Ki Awaaz  Prakash's mother  1964  Kaise Kahoon   1964  Main Suhagan Hoon   1964  షగున్   1965  దో దిల్  Ranimaa  1965  Kaajal  Rani Sahiba  1965  Purnima  Sharda R. Lal  1966  Anupama  Ashok's mother  1966  Daadi Maa  Daadi Maa/Maharani  1966  Devar   1966  Pyar Mohabbat  Rajmata Rajeshwari  1966  Sagaai  Sheel's mother  1967  Chandan Ka Palna  Mrs. Radha Laxmidas  1968  Jhuk Gaya Aasman  Mrs. Saxena  1968  Sapno Ka Saudagar  Peter's mother  1968  Sunghursh  Mrs. Bhawani Prasad  1969  Dharti Kahe Pukarke   1969  Ek Phool Do Mali  Leela  1969  Jeene Ki Raah  Janki  1969  Pyar Ka Sapna  Sudha's mother  1970  Khilona  Thakurain Singh  1971  Anand  Renu's mother  Guest Appearance 1971  Banphool  Haria's maternal grandma  1971  Ek Nari Ek Brahmachari  Rajlaxmi S. Chaudhary  1972  Bawarchi  Seeta Sharma  1972  Mere Bhaiya  Avinash's mother  1972  Raja Jani  Rajmata  1972  Shararat  Harry's mother  1973  బాబీ  మిసెస్ బ్రగాంజా  1973  నమక్ హరామ్  సోము తల్లి  1973  Abhimaan  Durga Mausi  1973  Gopi  Kunwar's mother  1973  Agni Rekha   1974  Bidaai  Parvati  Won 1975 Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress 1974  Dil Diwana  Vijay's Dadimaa  1974  Insaaniyat  Ram's mother  1975  Chaitali  Manish's mother  1975  Kala Sona  Mrs. Ranjeet Singh  1975  Khushboo  Brindaban's mother  1976  Jaaneman  Ronnie's mother  1976  Jai Bajrang Bali  Devi Maa Anjani  1976  Rangila Ratan   1976  Shaque  Mrs. Bannerjee  1977  Chacha Bhatija  Mrs. D'Silva  1977  Darling Darling   1977  దో చెహెరే  దాదీమా  1977  నామీ చోర్   1977  పాపి  అశోక్ తల్లి  1977  పహేలి  బ్రిజ్‌మోహన్ తల్లి  1977  సాహెబ్ బహదూర్  మీనా అమ్మమ్మ  1979  చోర్ సిపాయీ  రాజా తల్లి  1980  కర్జ్  శాంతా ప్రసాద్ వర్మ  1983  దౌలత్ కె దుష్మన్  సునీల్ తల్లి 

 అవార్డులు 

|-
| 1942
| Charnon Ki Dasi5th Annual BFJA Awards – Awards For The Year 1941  BFJA Awards Official website.
| BFJA Awards: Best Actress
| 
|-
| 1943
| Bharat Milap6th Annual BFJA Awards – Awards For The Year 1942  BFJA Awards Official website.
| BFJA Awards: Best Actress
| 
|-
| 1968
| –
| Padma Shri, fourth highest civilian award by the Government of India.
| 
|-
| 1970
|  Dhartichi Lekre
| Maharashtra State Award
| 
|-
| 1974
| Bidaai
| Filmfare Best Supporting Actress Award
| 
|-
| 1983
| –
| Dadasaheb Phalke Award, the lifetime recognition award for films from Government of IndiaDadasaheb Phalke Award 15th Recipient – 1983 – Durga Khote . Ultraindia.com. Retrieved on 2018-11-09.
| 
|}

 గుర్తింపు 
A postage stamp, bearing her face, was released by India Post to honour her on 3 May 2013.

 మూలాలు 

 ఇవి కూడా చదవండి 
I, Durga Khote: An autobiography, translated into English by Shanta Gokhale (2006);  & 

 బయటి లింకులు 

 
 Durga Khote filmography
 Film music history – First section titled Until 1935
 Mention of her role in theatre and ads

వర్గం:సంగీత నాటక అకాడమీ అవార్డు గ్రహీతలు
వర్గం:20వ శతాబ్ద భారతీయ నటీమణులు
వర్గం:మరాఠీ రంగస్థల కళాకారులు
వర్గం:హిందీ సినిమా నటీమణులు
వర్గం:మరాఠీ సినిమా నటీమణులు
వర్గం:1905 జననాలు
వర్గం:1991 మరణాలు
వర్గం:భారతీయ సినిమా మహిళా నిర్మాతలు
వర్గం:బెంగాల్ ఫిల్మ్ జర్నలిస్ట్స్ అసోసియేషన్ అవార్డులు గెలుపొందినవారు
వర్గం:పద్మశ్రీ పురస్కార గ్రహీతలు
వర్గం:దాదాసాహెబ్‌ ఫాల్కే అవార్డు గ్రహీతలు
వర్గం:భారతీయ మహిళా రచయితలు