Datasets:
Tasks:
Question Answering
Sub-tasks:
open-domain-qa
Languages:
English
Size:
100K<n<1M
ArXiv:
License:
File size: 5,056 Bytes
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---
annotations_creators:
- expert-generated
language_creators:
- expert-generated
languages:
- en
licenses:
- cc-by-nc-4-0
multilinguality:
- monolingual
size_categories:
- n<1K
source_datasets:
- original
task_categories:
- question-answering
task_ids:
- open-domain-qa
---
# Dataset Card for Cryptonite
## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Card for Cryptonite](#dataset-card-for-cryptonite)
- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
- [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
- [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
- [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
- [Data Instances](#data-instances)
- [Data Fields](#data-fields)
- [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
- [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
- [Source Data](#source-data)
- [Initial Data Collection and Normalization](#initial-data-collection-and-normalization)
- [Who are the source language producers?](#who-are-the-source-language-producers)
- [Annotations](#annotations)
- [Annotation process](#annotation-process)
- [Who are the annotators?](#who-are-the-annotators)
- [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
- [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
- [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
- [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
- [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
- [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
- [Citation Information](#citation-information)
- [Contributions](#contributions)
## Dataset Description
- **Homepage:** [Github](https://github.com/aviaefrat/cryptonite)
- **Repository:** [Github](https://github.com/aviaefrat/cryptonite)
- **Paper:** [Arxiv](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.01242.pdf)
- **Leaderboard:**
- **Point of Contact:** [Twitter](https://twitter.com/AviaEfrat)
### Dataset Summary
Current NLP datasets targeting ambiguity can be solved by a native speaker with relative ease. We present Cryptonite, a large-scale dataset based on cryptic crosswords, which is both linguistically complex and naturally sourced. Each example in Cryptonite is a cryptic clue, a short phrase or sentence with a misleading surface reading, whose solving requires disambiguating semantic, syntactic, and phonetic wordplays, as well as world knowledge. Cryptic clues pose a challenge even for experienced solvers, though top-tier experts can solve them with almost 100% accuracy. Cryptonite is a challenging task for current models; fine-tuning T5-Large on 470k cryptic clues achieves only 7.6% accuracy, on par with the accuracy of a rule-based clue solver (8.6%).
### Languages
English
## Dataset Structure
### Data Instances
This is one example from the train set.
```python
{
'clue': 'make progress socially in stated region (5)',
'answer': 'climb',
'date': 971654400000,
'enumeration': '(5)',
'id': 'Times-31523-6across',
'publisher': 'Times',
'quick': False
}
```
### Data Fields
- `clue`: a string representing the clue provided for the crossword
- `answer`: a string representing the answer to the clue
- `enumeration`: a string representing the
- `publisher`: a string representing the publisher of the crossword
- `date`: a int64 representing the UNIX timestamp of the date of publication of the crossword
- `quick`: a bool representing whether the crossword is quick (a crossword aimed at beginners, easier to solve)
- `id`: a string to uniquely identify a given example in the dataset
### Data Splits
Train (470,804 examples), validation (26,156 examples), test (26,157 examples).
## Dataset Creation
### Curation Rationale
Crosswords from the Times and the Telegraph.
### Source Data
#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the source language producers?
[More Information Needed]
### Annotations
#### Annotation process
[More Information Needed]
#### Who are the annotators?
[More Information Needed]
### Personal and Sensitive Information
[More Information Needed]
## Considerations for Using the Data
### Social Impact of Dataset
[More Information Needed]
### Discussion of Biases
[More Information Needed]
### Other Known Limitations
[More Information Needed]
## Additional Information
### Dataset Curators
Avia Efrat, Uri Shaham, Dan Kilman, Omer Levy
### Licensing Information
`cc-by-nc-4.0`
### Citation Information
```
@misc{efrat2021cryptonite,
title={Cryptonite: A Cryptic Crossword Benchmark for Extreme Ambiguity in Language},
author={Avia Efrat and Uri Shaham and Dan Kilman and Omer Levy},
year={2021},
eprint={2103.01242},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.CL}
}
```
### Contributions
Thanks to [@theo-m](https://github.com/theo-m) for adding this dataset.
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