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QRQA-10276-4-flip
Ares has a rock of with a surface area of 10 meters squared and a rock with a surface area of 1 meter square. The _____ rock likely has less area affected by a chemical reaction
{ "text": [ "10m", "1m" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Surface Area of Reactants When a solid substance is involved in a chemical reaction, only the matter at the surface of the solid is exposed to other reactants. If a solid has more surface area, more of it is exposed and able to react.
QRSent-10276
{ "effect_prop": "surface area is exposed and able to react.", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "surface area of a solid" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "meter", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "area affected", "less_cause_dir": "area affected" }
QRQA-10020-4
If a gas' particles were to become much closer, the rate of diffusion would go
{ "text": [ "faster", "slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
This means the rate of diffusion is much slower in liquids than in gases, because the particles of a gas are further apart and collide much less.
QRSent-10020
{ "effect_prop": "faster rate of diffusion", "cause_dir_str": "further apart", "effect_dir_str": "slower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance between particles of a gas" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "particles", "more_effect_prop": "rate of diffusion", "less_effect_prop": "rate of diffusion", "less_cause_dir": "rate of diffusion" }
QRQA-10350-4-flip
Eric decreased the concentration of reactants in the solution. This _____ the total reaction rate.
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When the concentration of reactants is higher, the reaction rate is faster.
QRSent-10350
{ "effect_prop": "faster reaction rate", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "concentration of reactants" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "concentration of reactants", "more_effect_prop": "total reaction rate", "less_effect_prop": "total reaction rate", "less_cause_dir": "total reaction rate" }
QRQA-10052-3-flip
If Milo is travelling underground and he moves closer to the Earth's surface, what happens to the pressure around him?
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Pressure: Pressure increases with depth, but increased pressure raises the melting temperature, so melting of rock is less likely to occur at higher pressures.
QRSent-10052
{ "effect_prop": "Pressure", "cause_dir_str": "with", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "depth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "Earth's surface", "more_effect_prop": "pressure", "less_effect_prop": "pressure", "less_cause_dir": "pressure" }
QRQA-10219-3-flip
John was viewing a patient's vital signs at the hospital. He could see clearly that the more oxygen to the cells, the pulse rate would become
{ "text": [ "Higher", "Lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
This causes the delivery of less oxygen to the cells, and this stimulates the heart rate via adrenalin, so that pulse rate increases in an effort to deliver enough oxygen to cells.
QRSent-10219
{ "effect_prop": "pulse rate", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "oxygen" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "Higher", "less_effect_dir": "Lower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "pulse rate", "less_effect_prop": "pulse rate", "less_cause_dir": "pulse rate" }
QRQA-10254-4
As tectonic plates float on magma what would happen if the magma moved a lot?
{ "text": [ "less earthquakes", "more earthquakes" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Convection on early Earth was faster and so plate tectonics was faster.
QRSent-10254
{ "effect_prop": "tectonic activity", "cause_dir_str": "faster", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "convection" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "earthquakes", "less_effect_prop": "earthquakes", "less_cause_dir": "earthquakes" }
QRQA-10330-1
When Sarah wants to lower the amount of electrons that are there, she will use energy at amounts that are
{ "text": [ "lesser", "greater" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Less energy is also needed to remove electrons from larger atoms in the same group of the periodic table.
QRSent-10330
{ "effect_prop": "electrons removed", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "energy" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "energy", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "amount of electrons", "less_cause_dir": "amount of electrons" }
QRQA-10139-4-flip
Mike is looking at a video showing the amplitude of the waves of sound in the song he's listening to. The waves suddenly become flat, so the amplitude of the waves now is
{ "text": [ "lesser", "greater" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The higher the crests are, the greater the amplitude of the wave.
QRSent-10139
{ "effect_prop": "amplitude of wave", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "crest height" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "lesser", "less_cause_prop": "waves", "more_effect_prop": "amplitude", "less_effect_prop": "amplitude", "less_cause_dir": "amplitude" }
QRQA-10191-4-flip
If Mona is filling balloons with helium and she starts to remove helium, what happens to the space the molecules have to move in?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When a gas is squeezed into a smaller volume, the particles have less space to move.
QRSent-10191
{ "effect_prop": "space to move", "cause_dir_str": "smaller", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "gas is squeezed into a smaller volume" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "helium", "more_effect_prop": "space", "less_effect_prop": "space", "less_cause_dir": "space" }
QRQA-10267-4-flip
A large pool will lose _____ water than a small pool.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Leaves can have the following adaptations to reduce transpiration rate: Small or narrow leaves to reduce the surface area over which water vapour is lost
QRSent-10267
{ "effect_prop": "vapour lost", "cause_dir_str": "reduce", "effect_dir_str": "lost", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "surface area" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "lose more", "less_effect_dir": "lose less", "less_cause_prop": "pool", "more_effect_prop": "water", "less_effect_prop": "water", "less_cause_dir": "water" }
QRQA-10185-2-flip
When we look at animals when their population gets smaller what happens to each animal?
{ "text": [ "grow bigger", "shrink" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
In exponential growth as the population size increases, the growth rate also increases.
QRSent-10185
{ "effect_prop": "growth rate", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "population increase" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "grow bigger", "less_effect_dir": "shrink", "less_cause_prop": "population", "more_effect_prop": "animal", "less_effect_prop": "animal", "less_cause_dir": "animal" }
QRQA-10276-2-flip
An object with a large surface area is _____ likely to experience surface reaction than a smaller object.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Surface Area of Reactants When a solid substance is involved in a chemical reaction, only the matter at the surface of the solid is exposed to other reactants. If a solid has more surface area, more of it is exposed and able to react.
QRSent-10276
{ "effect_prop": "exposed area that can react", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "surface area" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "surface area", "more_effect_prop": "surface reaction", "less_effect_prop": "surface reaction", "less_cause_dir": "surface reaction" }
QRQA-10045-4-flip
If something is very heavy and it is blown by the wind what happens?
{ "text": [ "diffuses", "stays put" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The mass of the particles: lighter particles will diffuse faster, because on average they move faster.
QRSent-10045
{ "effect_prop": "diffusion", "cause_dir_str": "lighter", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "diffuses", "less_effect_dir": "stays put", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "something", "less_effect_prop": "something", "less_cause_dir": "something" }
QRQA-10155-1
If a person moved away from a large city, their respiratory condition would likely become
{ "text": [ "worse", "better" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Certain respiratory conditions can be made worse in people who live closer to or in large cites.
QRSent-10155
{ "effect_prop": "respiratory condition problems", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "worse", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "proximity to large cities" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "worse", "less_effect_dir": "better", "less_cause_prop": "large city", "more_effect_prop": "respiratory condition", "less_effect_prop": "respiratory condition", "less_cause_dir": "respiratory condition" }
QRQA-10258-3
When the truck is moving faster, there is _____ fluid friction.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The faster or larger a moving object is, the greater is the fluid friction resisting its motion.
QRSent-10258
{ "effect_prop": "friction", "cause_dir_str": "faster", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "speed" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "friction", "less_effect_prop": "friction", "less_cause_dir": "friction" }
QRQA-10097-4-flip
An area with a light focus of the Sun's rays will likely be
{ "text": [ "cool", "warm" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more focused the Suns rays are, the more energy an area receives and the warmer it is.
QRSent-10097
{ "effect_prop": "warmth", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "warmer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "focused the Suns rays are" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "focus", "more_effect_prop": "warmth", "less_effect_prop": "warmth", "less_cause_dir": "warmth" }
QRQA-10212-4-flip
The reason we rarely see fossils that are made out of tissue is because tissue is _____ than bone
{ "text": [ "weaker", "stronger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Hard shells fossilize more readily than soft bodied organisms, as they are better at resisting decay, take significantly longer to break down, and have a greater chance of surviving burial under layers of sediment.
QRSent-10212
{ "effect_prop": "fossils", "cause_dir_str": "hard", "effect_dir_str": "more readily", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "strength" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "bone", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10169-4
William sees that a country is growing rapidly. Will there be more or less availability of water in the future?
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The availability of water is projected to get worse as demand increases.
QRSent-10169
{ "effect_prop": "availability of water", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "worse", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "demand of water" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "availability of water", "less_effect_prop": "availability of water", "less_cause_dir": "availability of water" }
QRQA-10052-2
Will scuba-dived deeper and deeper into the trench. The water pressure around him
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Pressure: Pressure increases with depth, but increased pressure raises the melting temperature, so melting of rock is less likely to occur at higher pressures.
QRSent-10052
{ "effect_prop": "depth", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "with", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "pressure" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "deeper", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "pressure", "more_effect_prop": "depth", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10044-5-flip
Less energy going out of an amplifier to speakers makes the speakers
{ "text": [ "quieter", "louder" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Amplified sound waves have more energy, which increases the intensity and loudness of the sounds, so they are easier to hear.
QRSent-10044
{ "effect_prop": "loudness", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "energy" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "louder", "less_effect_dir": "quieter", "less_cause_prop": "energy", "more_effect_prop": "speakers", "less_effect_prop": "speakers", "less_cause_dir": "speakers" }
QRQA-10180-2-flip
If John is stirring a glass of water slow and then speeds up to let the particles move faster, what happens to the temperature of the water?
{ "text": [ "lower", "higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
When particles move more slowly, temperature is lower and an object feels cooler.
QRSent-10180
{ "effect_prop": "temperature", "cause_dir_str": "more slowly", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "particles move more slowly" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "particles", "more_effect_prop": "temperature of the water", "less_effect_prop": "temperature of the water", "less_cause_dir": "temperature of the water" }
QRQA-10276-3
If Jim is performing chemical reactions in his lab and he wanted to increase the strength of his reaction, what would he do to the surface area?
{ "text": [ "increase it", "decrease it" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Surface Area of Reactants When a solid substance is involved in a chemical reaction, only the matter at the surface of the solid is exposed to other reactants. If a solid has more surface area, more of it is exposed and able to react.
QRSent-10276
{ "effect_prop": "able to react", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "surface area" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "surface area", "more_effect_prop": "strength of his reaction", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10273-5-flip
If Milo's country begins decreasing the size of its population, what happens to its growth rate?
{ "text": [ "it decreases", "it increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
With exponential growth, the population starts out growing slowly. As population size increases, the growth rate also increases.
QRSent-10273
{ "effect_prop": "growth rate", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "population size" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "population size", "more_effect_prop": "growth rate", "less_effect_prop": "growth rate", "less_cause_dir": "growth rate" }
QRQA-10006-4-flip
Dana had her cancer found in a very late stage. It is likely _____ to treat than if it had been detected later.
{ "text": [ "easier", "harder" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The sooner cancer is detected the easier it is to treat.
QRSent-10006
{ "effect_prop": "easier it is to treat", "cause_dir_str": "sooner", "effect_dir_str": "easier", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "sooner cancer is detected" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "harder", "less_effect_dir": "easier", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "treat", "less_effect_prop": "treat", "less_cause_dir": "treat" }
QRQA-10304-2-flip
John was watching a baseball game and made an observation. A ball hit would travel a lesser distance if the force was
{ "text": [ "Greater", "Lesser" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The will travel faster and farther if the batter hits it with more force.
QRSent-10304
{ "effect_prop": "force", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "lesser", "less_cause_prop": "distance", "more_effect_prop": "force", "less_effect_prop": "force", "less_cause_dir": "force" }
QRQA-10397-3
If Milo notices that the frequency of his electromagnetic wave seems to be increasing, what does that say about the energy of the wave?
{ "text": [ "it's increasing", "it's decreasing" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The higher the frequency of an electromagnetic wave, the greater its energy.
QRSent-10397
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "frequency of an electromagnetic wave" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increasing", "less_effect_dir": "decreasing", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10147-1-flip
Compared to the Sun, a yellow dwarf star, would the blue super giant star Rigel be
{ "text": [ "hotter?", "cooler" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
But, in stars, the bluer the star, the hotter it is, and the redder it is, the older and colder it is.
QRSent-10147
{ "effect_prop": "blue color", "cause_dir_str": "hotter", "effect_dir_str": "bluer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "a star's temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "blue", "less_effect_dir": "yellow", "less_cause_prop": "star", "more_effect_prop": "Rigel", "less_effect_prop": "Sun", "less_cause_dir": "Sun" }
QRQA-10095-4-flip
An hour after Tessa took a long run she noticed her veins were _____.
{ "text": [ "smaller", "larger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Increasing the diameter of the blood vessels increases the amount of blood and heat that moves near the skins surface.
QRSent-10095
{ "effect_prop": "Amount of blood", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Diameter of blood vessells" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "veins", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10299-4-flip
If Milo is flying in a plane and he moves away from the Sun, what happens to the temperature he feels?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The stratosphere gets most of its heat from the Sun. Therefore, its warmer closer to the Sun.
QRSent-10299
{ "effect_prop": "warmer", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "warmer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "closer to the Sun" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "Sun", "more_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_cause_dir": "temperature" }
QRQA-10167-5
If you want to screw into wood easier you should use a screw with
{ "text": [ "less threads", "more threads" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Therefore, if the threads on a screw are closer together, you need to apply less force to penetrate the wood or other object.
QRSent-10167
{ "effect_prop": "force", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "threads" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "easier", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "teeth", "more_effect_prop": "screw into wood", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10236-2
Milo uses an engine to produce energy at his job. If his engine starts producing more wasted output energy, what would happen to the efficiency of his system?
{ "text": [ "more efficient", "less efficient" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The greater the wasted output energy, the less efficient the system.
QRSent-10236
{ "effect_prop": "efficient the system", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "wasted output energy" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "efficiency", "less_effect_prop": "efficiency", "less_cause_dir": "efficiency" }
QRQA-10325-2-flip
Polly is analyzing climate change. She deduces that adding heat energy to the atmosphere would _____ to changes in precipitation patterns.
{ "text": [ "fix", "cause" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Adding more heat energy to Earths atmosphere also causes more extreme weather and changes in precipitation patterns.
QRSent-10325
{ "effect_prop": "extreme weather and changes in precipitation patterns", "cause_dir_str": "more heat", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "heat energy to Earths atmosphere" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "cause", "less_effect_dir": "fix", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "changes in precipitation patterns", "less_effect_prop": "changes in precipitation patterns", "less_cause_dir": "changes in precipitation patterns" }
QRQA-10292-3
Terry has a strong base, some bleach, and a weak base, some water. Which likely contains more hydroxide ions?
{ "text": [ "bleach", "water" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
A stronger base produces more hydroxide ions than a weaker base.
QRSent-10292
{ "effect_prop": "hydroxide ion content", "cause_dir_str": "stronger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "strength of the base" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "base", "more_effect_prop": "hydroxide ions", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10234-2
If Mona is currently 35 years old and she lives her life until the age of 85, what happens to her chance of contracting a disease as she grows older?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Many diseases become more common as people grow older.
QRSent-10234
{ "effect_prop": "diseases become more common", "cause_dir_str": "older", "effect_dir_str": "more common", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "people grow older" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "chance of contracting a disease", "less_effect_prop": "chance of contracting a disease", "less_cause_dir": "chance of contracting a disease" }
QRQA-10074-1-flip
Carol is building a small rocket to test in her back yard and, after much consideration, decides to use a fossil fuel to power her rocket. She tells her friends it's because it will create _____ carbon dioxide than biofuels.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The advantage to biofuels is that they burn more cleanly than fossil fuels. As a result, they create less pollution and less carbon dioxide.
QRSent-10074
{ "effect_prop": "carbon dioxide", "cause_dir_str": "more cleanly", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "burn more cleanly" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "biofuels", "more_effect_prop": "carbon dioxide", "less_effect_prop": "carbon dioxide", "less_cause_dir": "carbon dioxide" }
QRQA-10364-2
A rubber band, when it is relaxed, will _____ elastic force.
{ "text": [ "gain", "lose" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The farther the material is stretched or compressed, the greater the elastic force becomes.
QRSent-10364
{ "effect_prop": "elastic force", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "stretching of material" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "gain", "less_effect_dir": "lose", "less_cause_prop": "rubber band", "more_effect_prop": "elastic force", "less_effect_prop": "elastic force", "less_cause_dir": "elastic force" }
QRQA-10074-5
If we are able to recycle more things we have
{ "text": [ "more waste", "less waste" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The advantage to biofuels is that they burn more cleanly than fossil fuels. As a result, they create less pollution and less carbon dioxide.
QRSent-10074
{ "effect_prop": "carbon dioxide", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "biofuels" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10339-2-flip
Decreasing the field of view will cause magnification to
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As the magnification increases, the field of view decreases.
QRSent-10339
{ "effect_prop": "field of view", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "magnification" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "decreasing", "less_cause_prop": "magnification", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "field of view", "less_cause_dir": "field of view" }
QRQA-10139-4
Mike is looking at a video showing the amplitude of the waves of sound in the song he's listening to. The waves suddenly crest very high, so the amplitude of the waves now is
{ "text": [ "lesser", "greater" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The higher the crests are, the greater the amplitude of the wave.
QRSent-10139
{ "effect_prop": "amplitude of wave", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "crest height" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "lesser", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "amplitude", "less_effect_prop": "amplitude", "less_cause_dir": "amplitude" }
QRQA-10045-1
If you were to launch a cannon which ball would fly faster if everything else were the same?
{ "text": [ "Heavier", "Lighter" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The mass of the particles: lighter particles will diffuse faster, because on average they move faster.
QRSent-10045
{ "effect_prop": "speed", "cause_dir_str": "lighter", "effect_dir_str": "mass", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "weight" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "ball", "more_effect_prop": "ball", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10180-2
If John is stirring a glass of water fast and then slows down to let the particles move slower, what happens to the temperature of the water?
{ "text": [ "lower", "higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When particles move more slowly, temperature is lower and an object feels cooler.
QRSent-10180
{ "effect_prop": "temperature", "cause_dir_str": "more slowly", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "particles move more slowly" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "temperature of the water", "less_effect_prop": "temperature of the water", "less_cause_dir": "temperature of the water" }
QRQA-10167-2
Will has two screws of the same length. One has 20 threads; the other has 200 threads. The screw with _____ threads likely needs less force to penetrate wood.
{ "text": [ "20", "200" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Therefore, if the threads on a screw are closer together, you need to apply less force to penetrate the wood or other object.
QRSent-10167
{ "effect_prop": "force to penetrate wood", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "threads closer together" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "threads", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "force to penetrate wind", "less_cause_dir": "force to penetrate wind" }
QRQA-10049-1
An object with a smooth surface will have _____ friction than an object with a rough surface.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Friction is greater when objects have rougher surfaces or are heavier so they press together with greater force.
QRSent-10049
{ "effect_prop": "friction", "cause_dir_str": "rougher", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "roughness of an object's surface" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "surface", "more_effect_prop": "friction", "less_effect_prop": "friction", "less_cause_dir": "friction" }
QRQA-10273-2-flip
When a rabbit farmer begins a farm he starts with many rabbits. If the rabbits are not cared for and fed does the population
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
With exponential growth, the population starts out growing slowly. As population size increases, the growth rate also increases.
QRSent-10273
{ "effect_prop": "greater population size", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "population growth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "many", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "population", "more_effect_prop": "rabbits", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10091-1
A bear and a fox are trying to get a piece of meat to thaw using the heat from their bodies. Because of how thermal energy is spread, the animal who will thaw the meat first is the
{ "text": [ "bear", "fox" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Therefore, an object with more mass has greater thermal energy than an object with less mass, even if their individual atoms are moving at the same speed.
QRSent-10091
{ "effect_prop": "thermal energy", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "thawed/meat", "more_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_cause_dir": "temperature" }
QRQA-10137-2-flip
The arteries in the heart are _____ than the arteries in the toes.
{ "text": [ "smaller", "larger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Further away from the heart, the aorta branches into smaller arteries, which eventually branch into capillaries.
QRSent-10137
{ "effect_prop": "arteries", "cause_dir_str": "further away", "effect_dir_str": "smaller", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "distance from the heart" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "arteries", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10137-3-flip
Rich knows his heart branches into capillaries and arteries across his body. Which body part likely has less capillaries?
{ "text": [ "intestines", "toes" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Further away from the heart, the aorta branches into smaller arteries, which eventually branch into capillaries.
QRSent-10137
{ "effect_prop": "aorta branches into smaller arteries and capillaries", "cause_dir_str": "further away", "effect_dir_str": "smaller", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "away from the heart" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "capillaries", "less_cause_dir": "capillaries" }
QRQA-10282-2-flip
Jane was looking at different objects through her microscope. If she decided to make the convex lens in the microscope less curved, what would happen to the microscope's ability to magnify objects?
{ "text": [ "it would decrease", "it would increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more curved the convex lens is in a magnifying glass, the greater its ability to magnify objects.
QRSent-10282
{ "effect_prop": "ability to magnify", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "curved the convex lens" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "convex lens", "more_effect_prop": "microscope's ability to magnify", "less_effect_prop": "microscope's ability to magnify", "less_cause_dir": "microscope's ability to magnify" }
QRQA-10167-5-flip
If you want to make screwing into wood more difficult you should use a screw with
{ "text": [ "less threads", "more threads" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Therefore, if the threads on a screw are closer together, you need to apply less force to penetrate the wood or other object.
QRSent-10167
{ "effect_prop": "force", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "threads" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "more difficult", "less_cause_prop": "teeth", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "screwing into wood", "less_cause_dir": "screwing into wood" }
QRQA-10037-2
If you rub your hands together very fast your hands will feel
{ "text": [ "hotter", "colder" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Friction causes the molecules on rubbing surfaces to move faster, so they have more energy. This gives them a higher temperature, and they feel warmer.
QRSent-10037
{ "effect_prop": "heat", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "friction" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "hotter", "less_effect_dir": "colder", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "hands", "less_effect_prop": "hands", "less_cause_dir": "hands" }
QRQA-10379-3-flip
If Mona is holding two rocks in her hands and she moves them farther apart, what will happen to the force of magnetic attraction between the rocks?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The smaller the distance between the objects, the greater the force of magnetic attraction.
QRSent-10379
{ "effect_prop": "force of magnetic attraction", "cause_dir_str": "smaller", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance between the objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "force of magnetic attraction", "less_effect_prop": "force of magnetic attraction", "less_cause_dir": "force of magnetic attraction" }
QRQA-10114-1-flip
Dean looked at the sky with his eyes, then looked at the sky with his telescope. Dean saw less through his eyes, because the lens there was
{ "text": [ "bigger", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The larger a telescope's mirror or lens, the better it is at seeing narrowly separated objects as individual objects and the sharper the images look.
QRSent-10114
{ "effect_prop": "sight", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "better", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "lens" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "lens", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "saw", "less_cause_dir": "saw" }
QRQA-10226-2-flip
Tony is running while Lester sits on the sidelines. Who has less kinetic energy?
{ "text": [ "Tony", "Lester" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Anything that is moving has kinetic energy, and the faster it is moving, the more kinetic energy it has.
QRSent-10226
{ "effect_prop": "kinetic energy", "cause_dir_str": "faster", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "faster it is moving" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "Lester", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "kinetic energy", "less_cause_dir": "kinetic energy" }
QRQA-10364-1-flip
The less the rubber in a slingshot is stretched, the _____ distance the rock travels.
{ "text": [ "lesser", "greater" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The farther the material is stretched or compressed, the greater the elastic force becomes.
QRSent-10364
{ "effect_prop": "compression", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "farther", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "force" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "distance the rock travels", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "stretched or compressed", "less_cause_dir": "stretched or compressed" }
QRQA-10185-3-flip
John was looking at statistics for births in the large city. He saw that as the population shrank, the growth rate
{ "text": [ "decreased", "increased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In exponential growth as the population size increases, the growth rate also increases.
QRSent-10185
{ "effect_prop": "growth", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "population" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "population", "more_effect_prop": "growth", "less_effect_prop": "growth", "less_cause_dir": "growth" }
QRQA-10291-3-flip
If a nucleus has many protons, it will also have a _____ nuclear force of attraction.
{ "text": [ "weaker", "strong" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As more protons are added to the nucleus, the electromagnetic force of repulsion between them gets stronger, while the strong nuclear force of attraction between them gets weaker.
QRSent-10291
{ "effect_prop": "nuclear force of attraction", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "weaker", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "protons in a nucleus" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "strong nuclear force of attraction", "less_effect_dir": "weaker nuclear force of attraction", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "nucleus", "less_effect_prop": "nucleus", "less_cause_dir": "nucleus" }
QRQA-10202-5
The electrons with the _____ energy are nearest to the nucleus.
{ "text": [ "most", "least" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Electrons at higher energy levels, which are farther from the nucleus, have more energy.
QRSent-10202
{ "effect_prop": "energy in electrons", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance from the nucleus" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "More", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "Energy", "more_effect_prop": "Close", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10137-3
Rich knows his heart branches into capillaries and arteries across his body. Which body part likely has more capillaries?
{ "text": [ "intestines", "toes" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Further away from the heart, the aorta branches into smaller arteries, which eventually branch into capillaries.
QRSent-10137
{ "effect_prop": "aorta branches into smaller arteries and capillaries", "cause_dir_str": "further away", "effect_dir_str": "smaller", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "away from the heart" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "capillaries", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10304-5
Jack is learning to play baseball, and wants the ball to go very far. In order to do this, Jack will need to hit the ball
{ "text": [ "harder", "softer" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The will travel faster and farther if the batter hits it with more force.
QRSent-10304
{ "effect_prop": "force", "cause_dir_str": "faster", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "speed" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "harder", "less_effect_dir": "softer", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "hit the ball", "less_effect_prop": "hit the ball", "less_cause_dir": "hit the ball" }
QRQA-10049-2
Willy was skateboarding with his rough new board. Heather was riding his old skateboard, which was smoother from use. Who had more friction when riding?
{ "text": [ "Willy", "Heather" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Friction is greater when objects have rougher surfaces or are heavier so they press together with greater force.
QRSent-10049
{ "effect_prop": "objects rougher surfaces", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "rougher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "friction" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "rough", "less_effect_dir": "smoother", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "skateboard", "less_effect_prop": "skateboard", "less_cause_dir": "skateboard" }
QRQA-10103-5
When we test something with a litmus test and the number is low it is
{ "text": [ "acidic", "basic" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Lower pH numbers are more acidic and higher numbers are less acidic (also called more alkaline).
QRSent-10103
{ "effect_prop": "acid", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "ph numbers" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "acidic", "less_effect_dir": "basic", "less_cause_prop": "number", "more_effect_prop": "something", "less_effect_prop": "something", "less_cause_dir": "something" }
QRQA-10180-1-flip
If Mona is heating up popcorn in the microwave and the popcorn begins to move faster, what happens to the temperature of the kernels?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When particles move more slowly, temperature is lower and an object feels cooler.
QRSent-10180
{ "effect_prop": "temperature", "cause_dir_str": "more slowly", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "particles move more slowly" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "popcorn", "more_effect_prop": "temperature of the kernels", "less_effect_prop": "temperature of the kernels", "less_cause_dir": "temperature of the kernels" }
QRQA-10287-3
Shane sees two waterfalls; one made of hard stone, the other of soft rock. The waterfall with soft rock will have erosion that is, compared to the other,
{ "text": [ "greater", "lesser" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The water erodes the softer rock faster than the harder rock.
QRSent-10287
{ "effect_prop": "speedy erosion", "cause_dir_str": "softer", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "soft rock" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "lesser", "less_cause_prop": "stone", "more_effect_prop": "erosion", "less_effect_prop": "erosion", "less_cause_dir": "erosion" }
QRQA-10054-1-flip
If Jim delves deep into the Earth and takes a sample then compares it to a sample he took close to the surface, which sample will be newer?
{ "text": [ "deep sample", "shallow sample" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Older layers are deeper in the Earth, younger layers are closer to the surface.
QRSent-10054
{ "effect_prop": "Older", "cause_dir_str": "deeper", "effect_dir_str": "older", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "deeper in the Earth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "newer", "less_cause_prop": "the Earth", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "sample", "less_cause_dir": "sample" }
QRQA-10276-5
If something has a lot of surface area and is being mixed with something else it will react
{ "text": [ "slower", "faster" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Surface Area of Reactants When a solid substance is involved in a chemical reaction, only the matter at the surface of the solid is exposed to other reactants. If a solid has more surface area, more of it is exposed and able to react.
QRSent-10276
{ "effect_prop": "exposed to reactants", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "surface area" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "react", "less_effect_prop": "react", "less_cause_dir": "react" }
QRQA-10070-3-flip
Jimbo decided to take a hot air balloon ride. As the balloon fell down through the air, what would happen to the temperature?
{ "text": [ "it would increase", "it would decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In the troposphere, temperatures decrease as altitude increases.
QRSent-10070
{ "effect_prop": "temperatures", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "decrease", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "altitude" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "through air", "more_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_cause_dir": "temperature" }
QRQA-10071-5
If Mona is measuring the frequency of photons and she notices that one photon has a higher frequency then another photon, which photon has more energy?
{ "text": [ "lower frequency photon", "higher frequency photon" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The higher the frequency is, the more energy a photon has.
QRSent-10071
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "frequency" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "frequency photon", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10188-4-flip
If Milo turns down his radio by decreasing the decibel levels of the music, what can he expect from the sound waves generated by the radio?
{ "text": [ "increased", "decreased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As decibel levels get higher, sound waves have greater intensity and sounds are louder.
QRSent-10188
{ "effect_prop": "sound waves have greater intensity", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "decibel levels" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "radio", "more_effect_prop": "sound waves", "less_effect_prop": "sound waves", "less_cause_dir": "sound waves" }
QRQA-10236-5
If a system gives off a lot of heat then it is
{ "text": [ "effective", "wasteful" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The greater the wasted output energy, the less efficient the system.
QRSent-10236
{ "effect_prop": "efficient system", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "wasted energy" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10095-1
As the injection was given and the blood vessels expanded, Dean's blood moved through
{ "text": [ "in smaller amounts", "in greater amounts" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Increasing the diameter of the blood vessels increases the amount of blood and heat that moves near the skins surface.
QRSent-10095
{ "effect_prop": "amount of blood moving", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "diameter of blood vessels" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater amounts", "less_effect_dir": "smaller amounts", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "blood moved", "less_effect_prop": "blood moved", "less_cause_dir": "blood moved" }
QRQA-10308-5
If Milo is using an electromagnet to lift a car and he wants to increase the strength of it, what should he do to the current?
{ "text": [ "decrease it", "increase it" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
If the current passing through the circuit breaker increases, the electromagnet becomes stronger.
QRSent-10308
{ "effect_prop": "electromagnet becomes stronger", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "current" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "current", "more_effect_prop": "electromagnet strength", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10155-3
When people live in more polluted areas they will have
{ "text": [ "more disease", "less disease." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Certain respiratory conditions can be made worse in people who live closer to or in large cites.
QRSent-10155
{ "effect_prop": "respiratory conditions", "cause_dir_str": "large", "effect_dir_str": "worse", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "city size" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "disease", "less_effect_prop": "disease", "less_cause_dir": "disease" }
QRQA-10147-1
Compared to the blue super giant star Rigel, would the Sun, which is a yellow dwarf star, be
{ "text": [ "hotter?", "cooler" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
But, in stars, the bluer the star, the hotter it is, and the redder it is, the older and colder it is.
QRSent-10147
{ "effect_prop": "blue color", "cause_dir_str": "hotter", "effect_dir_str": "bluer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "a star's temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "blue", "less_effect_dir": "yellow", "less_cause_prop": "star", "more_effect_prop": "Rigel", "less_effect_prop": "Sun", "less_cause_dir": "Sun" }
QRQA-10045-1-flip
If you were to launch a cannon which ball would fly slower if everything else were the same?
{ "text": [ "Heavier", "Lighter" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The mass of the particles: lighter particles will diffuse faster, because on average they move faster.
QRSent-10045
{ "effect_prop": "speed", "cause_dir_str": "lighter", "effect_dir_str": "mass", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "weight" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "faster", "less_cause_prop": "ball", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "ball", "less_cause_dir": "ball" }
QRQA-10045-5-flip
Reid analyzes particle speed. The heaviest particle he sees likely diffuses _____ than the lightest particle.
{ "text": [ "faster", "slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The mass of the particles: lighter particles will diffuse faster, because on average they move faster.
QRSent-10045
{ "effect_prop": "faster diffuse", "cause_dir_str": "lighter", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "lighter particles" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "particle", "more_effect_prop": "diffuses", "less_effect_prop": "diffuses", "less_cause_dir": "diffuses" }
QRQA-10097-1-flip
When it's a cloudy day, compared to when the sun is shining down unobstructed, the heat levels are
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more focused the Suns rays are, the more energy an area receives and the warmer it is.
QRSent-10097
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "focused" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higer", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "n/a", "more_effect_prop": "heat levels", "less_effect_prop": "heat levels", "less_cause_dir": "heat levels" }
QRQA-10299-2-flip
Shane is learning about our atmosphere, and sees where the stratosphere is. Shane knows that the stratosphere is cold because, in relation to the Sun, it is
{ "text": [ "close", "distant" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The stratosphere gets most of its heat from the Sun. Therefore, its warmer closer to the Sun.
QRSent-10299
{ "effect_prop": "to sun", "cause_dir_str": "warmer", "effect_dir_str": "closer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "heat" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "closer", "less_effect_dir": "distant", "less_cause_prop": "stratosphere", "more_effect_prop": "to sun", "less_effect_prop": "to sun", "less_cause_dir": "to sun" }
QRQA-10243-2-flip
Jan and Brad were able to feed themselves only spending ten dollars a day total. After they lost their child, they had to spend five dollars a day total, because their familial population had
{ "text": [ "shrank", "grown" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
More people need more resources.
QRSent-10243
{ "effect_prop": "resources", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "people" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "ten", "less_effect_dir": "five", "less_cause_prop": "population", "more_effect_prop": "dollars", "less_effect_prop": "dollars", "less_cause_dir": "dollars" }
QRQA-10254-2-flip
The convection of the Earth begins to speed up, so Daniel is worried that the plate tectonics will be
{ "text": [ "faster", "slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Convection on early Earth was faster and so plate tectonics was faster.
QRSent-10254
{ "effect_prop": "plate tectonics", "cause_dir_str": "faster", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "convection" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "tectonics", "less_effect_prop": "tectonics", "less_cause_dir": "tectonics" }
QRQA-10291-2
John was looking at atoms in an electron microscope. What he noticed is that as the repulsion of the atoms was stronger, the force of attraction between them got
{ "text": [ "Stronger", "Weaker" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As more protons are added to the nucleus, the electromagnetic force of repulsion between them gets stronger, while the strong nuclear force of attraction between them gets weaker.
QRSent-10291
{ "effect_prop": "attraction", "cause_dir_str": "stronger", "effect_dir_str": "weaker", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "repulsion" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "Stronger", "less_effect_dir": "Weaker", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "attraction", "less_effect_prop": "attraction", "less_cause_dir": "attraction" }
QRQA-10311-3
Mary loves to dive in the ocean. What will happen to the water as she dives deeper?
{ "text": [ "darker", "lighter" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The deeper you go, the darker the water gets.
QRSent-10311
{ "effect_prop": "darker the water", "cause_dir_str": "deeper", "effect_dir_str": "darker", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "deeper you go" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "darker", "less_effect_dir": "lighter", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "water", "less_effect_prop": "water", "less_cause_dir": "water" }
QRQA-10095-2-flip
Ollie was standing for 20 minutes while Jim was running for 20 minutes. Which person likely has temporarily engorged blood vessels?
{ "text": [ "Jim", "Ollie" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Increasing the diameter of the blood vessels increases the amount of blood and heat that moves near the skins surface.
QRSent-10095
{ "effect_prop": "blood and heat to the skin", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "diameter of the blood vessels" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "running", "less_effect_dir": "standing", "less_cause_prop": "blood vessels", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10293-3
Jeff pilots his spaceship further away from the Sun. The ship experiences _____ gravitational force.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Even though the Sun is much larger than the Moon, the pull of the Suns gravity is much less because the Sun is much farther away.
QRSent-10293
{ "effect_prop": "gravity", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "further away" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "gravitational force", "less_effect_prop": "gravitational force", "less_cause_dir": "gravitational force" }
QRQA-10308-3-flip
John was observing a circuit breaker in operation to see if it would pop. He noticed that as the current decreases, the electromagnet becomes
{ "text": [ "Stronger", "Weaker" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
If the current passing through the circuit breaker increases, the electromagnet becomes stronger.
QRSent-10308
{ "effect_prop": "electromagnet", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "current" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "Stronger", "less_effect_dir": "Weaker", "less_cause_prop": "current", "more_effect_prop": "electromagnry", "less_effect_prop": "electromagnet", "less_cause_dir": "electromagnet" }
QRQA-10137-1-flip
Would smaller arteries be located
{ "text": [ "attached to the heart", "at the soles of the feet?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Further away from the heart, the aorta branches into smaller arteries, which eventually branch into capillaries.
QRSent-10137
{ "effect_prop": "size of arteries", "cause_dir_str": "further away", "effect_dir_str": "smaller", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "distance from the heart" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "heart", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "arteries", "less_cause_dir": "arteries" }
QRQA-10202-5-flip
The electrons with the _____ energy are farthest to the nucleus.
{ "text": [ "most", "least" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Electrons at higher energy levels, which are farther from the nucleus, have more energy.
QRSent-10202
{ "effect_prop": "energy in electrons", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance from the nucleus" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "More", "less_effect_dir": "Less", "less_cause_prop": "Energy", "more_effect_prop": "Close", "less_effect_prop": "Close", "less_cause_dir": "Close" }
QRQA-10250-3
People have _____ water in forests than in deserts.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Drier climates generally have less water for people to use.
QRSent-10250
{ "effect_prop": "water", "cause_dir_str": "drier", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "precipitation" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "water", "less_effect_prop": "water", "less_cause_dir": "water" }
QRQA-10148-2
Will moved from Los Angeles to Sydney. In which city's hemisphere is there less ocean trash?
{ "text": [ "Los Angeles", "Sydney" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The Southern Hemisphere has less trash buildup in the oceans because less of the region is continent.
QRSent-10148
{ "effect_prop": "trash buildup", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "continent in region" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "More", "less_effect_dir": "Less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "Continent", "less_effect_prop": "Continent", "less_cause_dir": "Continent" }
QRQA-10196-5-flip
Dan has relatively high blood volume, which means that within his blood vessels, there is pressure that is relatively
{ "text": [ "lesser", "greater" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
This is because the lower blood volume in the vessels exerts less pressure on the vessel walls.
QRSent-10196
{ "effect_prop": "pressure on vessel walls", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "blood volume in vessels" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "lesser", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "pressure", "less_effect_prop": "pressure", "less_cause_dir": "pressure" }
QRQA-10250-2-flip
Allie lives in Phoenix and Tony lives in Seattle. Who likely would be least likely to suffer a drought in their city?
{ "text": [ "Tony", "Allie" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Drier climates generally have less water for people to use.
QRSent-10250
{ "effect_prop": "water for people", "cause_dir_str": "drier", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "drier climate" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "least likely to suffer a drought", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10234-5-flip
Ian celebrated his 8th birthday. He is now _____ likely to contract a disease.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Many diseases become more common as people grow older.
QRSent-10234
{ "effect_prop": "older people", "cause_dir_str": "more common", "effect_dir_str": "older", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "diseases" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "8th birthday", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "likely to contract a disease", "more_effect_prop": "Ian", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10097-3-flip
Harry used a piece of glass to scatter the Sun's rays. What can you say about the scattered light created?
{ "text": [ "it has more energy", "it has less energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more focused the Suns rays are, the more energy an area receives and the warmer it is.
QRSent-10097
{ "effect_prop": "energy received", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "focus of the sun's rays" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "Sun's rays", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10154-2
We shiver when it is cold because it allows us to produce
{ "text": [ "more heat", "less heat" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
For example, on a cold day, an endotherm may produce more body heat by increasing its rate of metabolism.
QRSent-10154
{ "effect_prop": "body heat", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "heat", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10049-5-flip
If Mona is comparing a football and a baseball and she determines that the football is rougher then the baseball, which item has less friction?
{ "text": [ "football", "baseball" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Friction is greater when objects have rougher surfaces or are heavier so they press together with greater force.
QRSent-10049
{ "effect_prop": "Friction", "cause_dir_str": "rougher", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "rougher surfaces" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less friction", "less_cause_prop": "baseball", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10095-1-flip
As the injection was given and the blood vessels constricted, Dean's blood moved through
{ "text": [ "in smaller amounts", "in greater amounts" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Increasing the diameter of the blood vessels increases the amount of blood and heat that moves near the skins surface.
QRSent-10095
{ "effect_prop": "amount of blood moving", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "diameter of blood vessels" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater amounts", "less_effect_dir": "smaller amounts", "less_cause_prop": "blood vessels", "more_effect_prop": "blood moved", "less_effect_prop": "blood moved", "less_cause_dir": "blood moved" }
QRQA-10014-5-flip
John was measuring a patient's vital signs with a cuff device. As he watched the readings, he saw that as the patient lost blood volume, the patient's blood pressure
{ "text": [ "decreased.", "increased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As blood volume in the body increases, blood pressure increases.
QRSent-10014
{ "effect_prop": "blood pressure", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "blood volume" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "blood volume", "more_effect_prop": "blood pressure", "less_effect_prop": "blood pressure", "less_cause_dir": "blood pressure" }
QRQA-10159-3
When everyone can eat what happens to the number of people that die?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
With better food and less chance of disease, the death rate fell.
QRSent-10159
{ "effect_prop": "death", "cause_dir_str": "better", "effect_dir_str": "fell", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "food" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "number that die", "less_effect_prop": "number that die", "less_cause_dir": "number that die" }
QRQA-10212-4
The reason we see fossils are made out of bone is because bone is _____ than tissue
{ "text": [ "weaker", "stronger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Hard shells fossilize more readily than soft bodied organisms, as they are better at resisting decay, take significantly longer to break down, and have a greater chance of surviving burial under layers of sediment.
QRSent-10212
{ "effect_prop": "fossils", "cause_dir_str": "hard", "effect_dir_str": "more readily", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "strength" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "bone", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10243-3
If the population of Mona's city has been growing recently and there are more people living there this year compared to last year, what happens to the need for resources?
{ "text": [ "increased need", "decreased need" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
More people need more resources.
QRSent-10243
{ "effect_prop": "need more resources", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "people" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "need for resources", "less_effect_prop": "need for resources", "less_cause_dir": "need for resources" }
QRQA-10179-2-flip
Continents will have _____ sizes if Greenland is closer to the North Pole than further.
{ "text": [ "bigger", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In a Mercator projection, because Greenland is closer to the pole, the continents shape and size are greatly increased.
QRSent-10179
{ "effect_prop": "size of continents", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "increased", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "closeness of Greenland is closer to the pole" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "bigger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "to the North Pole", "more_effect_prop": "continent sizes", "less_effect_prop": "continent sizes", "less_cause_dir": "continent sizes" }