id
stringlengths 12
17
| question
stringlengths 24
386
| choices
sequence | answerKey
stringclasses 2
values | para
stringlengths 32
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| para_id
stringlengths 12
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dict | question_anno
dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
QRQA-10188-1 | Joe was experimenting with decibels. He tried listening to it at different levels and noticed that as the decibels increased the sound waves were | {
"text": [
"more audible",
"less audible"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | As decibel levels get higher, sound waves have greater intensity and sounds are louder. | QRSent-10188 | {
"effect_prop": "intensity and sounds are louder",
"cause_dir_str": "higher",
"effect_dir_str": "greater",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "decibel"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "more audible",
"less_effect_dir": "less audible",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "sound waves",
"less_effect_prop": "sound waves",
"less_cause_dir": "sound waves"
} |
QRQA-10169-5-flip | When there are fewer people in an area the amount of water will | {
"text": [
"increase",
"decrease"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | The availability of water is projected to get worse as demand increases. | QRSent-10169 | {
"effect_prop": "water",
"cause_dir_str": "increases",
"effect_dir_str": "worse",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_prop": "demand"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "increase",
"less_effect_dir": "decrease",
"less_cause_prop": "people in an area",
"more_effect_prop": "amount of water",
"less_effect_prop": "amount of water",
"less_cause_dir": "amount of water"
} |
QRQA-10325-4 | John was watching the weather simulator and found an intriguing observation. The more heat that was in the atmosphere caused changed in precipitation patterns that were | {
"text": [
"Greater",
"Lesser"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | Adding more heat energy to Earths atmosphere also causes more extreme weather and changes in precipitation patterns. | QRSent-10325 | {
"effect_prop": "precipitation",
"cause_dir_str": "more heat",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "heat"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "greater",
"less_effect_dir": "lesser",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "precipitation",
"less_effect_prop": "precipitation",
"less_cause_dir": "precipitation"
} |
QRQA-10311-5-flip | Kathy slid into the water and went 30 feet deep before returning to the surface. At which point would it be more easier to see? | {
"text": [
"the surface",
"30 feet deep"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | The deeper you go, the darker the water gets. | QRSent-10311 | {
"effect_prop": "darkness",
"cause_dir_str": "deeper",
"effect_dir_str": "darker",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "depth"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "30 feet deeo",
"less_effect_dir": "the surface",
"less_cause_prop": "water",
"more_effect_prop": "easier to see",
"less_effect_prop": "easier to see",
"less_cause_dir": "easier to see"
} |
QRQA-10180-4 | Keely had just run a mile and was now running slower to _____ _____. | {
"text": [
"warm up",
"cool down"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | When particles move more slowly, temperature is lower and an object feels cooler. | QRSent-10180 | {
"effect_prop": "Temperatures",
"cause_dir_str": "more slowly",
"effect_dir_str": "lower",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_prop": "Slower message cement"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "warm up",
"less_effect_dir": "cool down",
"less_cause_prop": "running",
"more_effect_prop": "temperature",
"less_effect_prop": "temperature",
"less_cause_dir": "temperature"
} |
QRQA-10282-3 | Rick has a flat magnifying glass while Jimmy has a curved convex lens. Who likely can magnify the objects better? | {
"text": [
"Rick",
"Jimmy"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | The more curved the convex lens is in a magnifying glass, the greater its ability to magnify objects. | QRSent-10282 | {
"effect_prop": "ability to magnify object",
"cause_dir_str": "more",
"effect_dir_str": "greater",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "curved the convex lens is"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "better",
"less_effect_dir": "",
"less_cause_prop": "magnifying glass",
"more_effect_prop": "magnify the objects",
"less_effect_prop": "",
"less_cause_dir": ""
} |
QRQA-10154-4-flip | Endotherms have the ability to regulate their own temperature. By decreasing it's rate of metabolism, the body heat becomes | {
"text": [
"Decreased",
"Increased"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | For example, on a cold day, an endotherm may produce more body heat by increasing its rate of metabolism. | QRSent-10154 | {
"effect_prop": "metabolism",
"cause_dir_str": "more",
"effect_dir_str": "increasing",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "heat"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "",
"less_effect_dir": "decreasing",
"less_cause_prop": "body heat",
"more_effect_prop": "",
"less_effect_prop": "metabolism",
"less_cause_dir": "metabolism"
} |
QRQA-10219-5 | If your blood pressure goes up what happens to the oxygen levels in the body? | {
"text": [
"decrease",
"increase"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | This causes the delivery of less oxygen to the cells, and this stimulates the heart rate via adrenalin, so that pulse rate increases in an effort to deliver enough oxygen to cells. | QRSent-10219 | {
"effect_prop": "oxygen",
"cause_dir_str": "increases",
"effect_dir_str": "",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "pulse rate"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "increase",
"less_effect_dir": "decrease",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "oxygen levels",
"less_effect_prop": "oxygen levels",
"less_cause_dir": "oxygen levels"
} |
QRQA-10169-1-flip | When four nomads left the oasis that had been occupied by seven people, was there | {
"text": [
"more water to share",
"less water to share?"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | The availability of water is projected to get worse as demand increases. | QRSent-10169 | {
"effect_prop": "availability of water",
"cause_dir_str": "increases",
"effect_dir_str": "worse",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_prop": "demand for water"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "more to share",
"less_effect_dir": "less to share",
"less_cause_prop": "water",
"more_effect_prop": "water",
"less_effect_prop": "water",
"less_cause_dir": "water"
} |
QRQA-10071-3 | A photon has more energy when the frequency is | {
"text": [
"higher or",
"lower"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | The higher the frequency is, the more energy a photon has. | QRSent-10071 | {
"effect_prop": "energy",
"cause_dir_str": "higher",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "frequency"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "more",
"less_effect_dir": "",
"less_cause_prop": "frequency",
"more_effect_prop": "energy",
"less_effect_prop": "",
"less_cause_dir": ""
} |
QRQA-10254-2 | The convection of the Earth begins to slow down, so Daniel is worried that the plate tectonics will be | {
"text": [
"faster",
"slower"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | Convection on early Earth was faster and so plate tectonics was faster. | QRSent-10254 | {
"effect_prop": "plate tectonics",
"cause_dir_str": "faster",
"effect_dir_str": "faster",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "convection"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "faster",
"less_effect_dir": "slower",
"less_cause_prop": "convection",
"more_effect_prop": "tectonics",
"less_effect_prop": "tectonics",
"less_cause_dir": "tectonics"
} |
QRQA-10137-1 | Would larger arteries be located | {
"text": [
"attached to the heart",
"at the soles of the feet?"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | Further away from the heart, the aorta branches into smaller arteries, which eventually branch into capillaries. | QRSent-10137 | {
"effect_prop": "size of arteries",
"cause_dir_str": "further away",
"effect_dir_str": "smaller",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_prop": "distance from the heart"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "larger",
"less_effect_dir": "",
"less_cause_prop": "heart",
"more_effect_prop": "arteries",
"less_effect_prop": "",
"less_cause_dir": ""
} |
QRQA-10045-3-flip | If Mona is comparing the weight of some particles of sand and she realizes that one particle is heavier then the other, will that particle diffuse faster or slower then the lighter one? | {
"text": [
"faster",
"slower"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | The mass of the particles: lighter particles will diffuse faster, because on average they move faster. | QRSent-10045 | {
"effect_prop": "diffuse faster",
"cause_dir_str": "lighter",
"effect_dir_str": "faster",
"cause_dir_sign": "LESS",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "lighter particles"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "faster",
"less_effect_dir": "slower",
"less_cause_prop": "particle",
"more_effect_prop": "diffuse",
"less_effect_prop": "diffuse",
"less_cause_dir": "diffuse"
} |
QRQA-10250-4-flip | In Colorado, where water can be plentiful, the snow in the mountains melts in the Spring. When there is very much snowfall in the winter does the water table | {
"text": [
"raise",
"lower"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | Drier climates generally have less water for people to use. | QRSent-10250 | {
"effect_prop": "water",
"cause_dir_str": "drier",
"effect_dir_str": "less",
"cause_dir_sign": "LESS",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_prop": "drier climates"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "raise",
"less_effect_dir": "lower",
"less_cause_prop": "water",
"more_effect_prop": "water table",
"less_effect_prop": "water table",
"less_cause_dir": "water table"
} |
QRQA-10325-2 | Polly is analyzing climate change. She deduces that removing heat energy from the atmosphere would _____ to changes in precipitation patterns. | {
"text": [
"fix",
"cause"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | Adding more heat energy to Earths atmosphere also causes more extreme weather and changes in precipitation patterns. | QRSent-10325 | {
"effect_prop": "extreme weather and changes in precipitation patterns",
"cause_dir_str": "more heat",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "heat energy to Earths atmosphere"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "cause",
"less_effect_dir": "fix",
"less_cause_prop": "heat energy",
"more_effect_prop": "changes in precipitation patterns",
"less_effect_prop": "changes in precipitation patterns",
"less_cause_dir": "changes in precipitation patterns"
} |
QRQA-10037-1 | Two hands are rubbing together fast, two other hands rub slowly, so the faster hands will make heat in amounts that are | {
"text": [
"larger",
"smaller"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | Friction causes the molecules on rubbing surfaces to move faster, so they have more energy. This gives them a higher temperature, and they feel warmer. | QRSent-10037 | {
"effect_prop": "energy",
"cause_dir_str": "faster",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "rubbing"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "larger amounts",
"less_effect_dir": "smaller amounts",
"less_cause_prop": "hands",
"more_effect_prop": "heat",
"less_effect_prop": "heat",
"less_cause_dir": "heat"
} |
QRQA-10287-2-flip | A soft rock will erode _____ than a hard rock. | {
"text": [
"faster",
"slower"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | The water erodes the softer rock faster than the harder rock. | QRSent-10287 | {
"effect_prop": "speed of erosion",
"cause_dir_str": "softer",
"effect_dir_str": "faster",
"cause_dir_sign": "LESS",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "strength of a rock"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "erode faster",
"less_effect_dir": "erode slower",
"less_cause_prop": "rock",
"more_effect_prop": "rock",
"less_effect_prop": "rock",
"less_cause_dir": "rock"
} |
QRQA-10203-5 | Rita used less nonrenewable resources. These resources will now last | {
"text": [
"longer",
"not as long"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | Using less nonrenewable resources means that they will last longer. | QRSent-10203 | {
"effect_prop": "last longer",
"cause_dir_str": "less",
"effect_dir_str": "longer",
"cause_dir_sign": "LESS",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "nonrenewable resource using"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "longer",
"less_effect_dir": "not as long",
"less_cause_prop": "nonrenewable resources",
"more_effect_prop": "",
"less_effect_prop": "",
"less_cause_dir": ""
} |
QRQA-10052-4-flip | Joan is trying to get rocks to melt by using depth to get lower pressure. The lesser the pressure that Joan applies to the rock, the melting temperature will be | {
"text": [
"higher",
"lower"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | Pressure: Pressure increases with depth, but increased pressure raises the melting temperature, so melting of rock is less likely to occur at higher pressures. | QRSent-10052 | {
"effect_prop": "melting",
"cause_dir_str": "increases",
"effect_dir_str": "with",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "pressure"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "higher",
"less_effect_dir": "lower",
"less_cause_prop": "pressure",
"more_effect_prop": "melting temperature",
"less_effect_prop": "melting temperature",
"less_cause_dir": "melting temperature"
} |
QRQA-10095-2 | Ollie was running for 20 minutes while Jim was standing for 20 minutes. Which person likely has temporarily engorged blood vessels? | {
"text": [
"Jim",
"Ollie"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | Increasing the diameter of the blood vessels increases the amount of blood and heat that moves near the skins surface. | QRSent-10095 | {
"effect_prop": "blood and heat to the skin",
"cause_dir_str": "increasing",
"effect_dir_str": "increases",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "diameter of the blood vessels"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "running",
"less_effect_dir": "standing",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "",
"less_effect_prop": "",
"less_cause_dir": ""
} |
QRQA-10381-4 | Rita added more resistors to her parallel circuit. The overall resistance goes | {
"text": [
"up",
"down"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | Increasing the number of resistors connected in parallel decreases the overall resistance of the circuit. | QRSent-10381 | {
"effect_prop": "overall resistance of the circuit",
"cause_dir_str": "increasing",
"effect_dir_str": "decreases",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_prop": "number of resistors in parallel"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "up",
"less_effect_dir": "down",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "overall resistance",
"less_effect_prop": "overall resistance",
"less_cause_dir": "overall resistance"
} |
QRQA-10258-4-flip | A moving ball that is only heavily resisted by fluid friction is likely to be quite | {
"text": [
"small",
"large"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | The faster or larger a moving object is, the greater is the fluid friction resisting its motion. | QRSent-10258 | {
"effect_prop": "fluid friction resisting its motion",
"cause_dir_str": "larger",
"effect_dir_str": "greater",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "size of a moving object"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "heavily",
"less_effect_dir": "",
"less_cause_prop": "ball",
"more_effect_prop": "resisted",
"less_effect_prop": "",
"less_cause_dir": ""
} |
QRQA-10103-4 | Shampoos with low ph are | {
"text": [
"less acidic",
"more or"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | Lower pH numbers are more acidic and higher numbers are less acidic (also called more alkaline). | QRSent-10103 | {
"effect_prop": "acid",
"cause_dir_str": "lower",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "LESS",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "ph"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "more",
"less_effect_dir": "less",
"less_cause_prop": "ph",
"more_effect_prop": "acidic",
"less_effect_prop": "acidic",
"less_cause_dir": "acidic"
} |
QRQA-10282-1-flip | Derek needs to be able to read really small print, so he reaches for a straight lens magnifying glass, which can magnify | {
"text": [
"more",
"less"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | The more curved the convex lens is in a magnifying glass, the greater its ability to magnify objects. | QRSent-10282 | {
"effect_prop": "magnification",
"cause_dir_str": "more",
"effect_dir_str": "greater",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "curved the lens"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "more",
"less_effect_dir": "less",
"less_cause_prop": "lens magnifying glass",
"more_effect_prop": "magnify",
"less_effect_prop": "magnify",
"less_cause_dir": "magnify"
} |
QRQA-10091-2 | Dan needs to stay warm in the woods, and can bring one animal for body heat to sleep next to him. Given the choice between a horse and cat, Dan will choose the | {
"text": [
"cat",
"horse"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | Therefore, an object with more mass has greater thermal energy than an object with less mass, even if their individual atoms are moving at the same speed. | QRSent-10091 | {
"effect_prop": "thermal energy",
"cause_dir_str": "more",
"effect_dir_str": "greater",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "mass"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "needs to stay warm",
"less_effect_dir": "",
"less_cause_prop": "cat",
"more_effect_prop": "Dan",
"less_effect_prop": "",
"less_cause_dir": ""
} |
QRQA-10139-1 | If Jim is tuning his shortwave radio and he makes the crests higher, what happens to the amplitude of the waves? | {
"text": [
"decrease",
"increase"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | The higher the crests are, the greater the amplitude of the wave. | QRSent-10139 | {
"effect_prop": "amplitude of the wave",
"cause_dir_str": "higher",
"effect_dir_str": "greater",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "higher the crests"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "increase",
"less_effect_dir": "decrease",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "amplitude",
"less_effect_prop": "amplitude",
"less_cause_dir": "amplitude"
} |
QRQA-10226-4-flip | John watched the particles interacting in the laboratory. He observed that the slower an object is moving, means that the kinetic energy is | {
"text": [
"Higher",
"Lower"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | Anything that is moving has kinetic energy, and the faster it is moving, the more kinetic energy it has. | QRSent-10226 | {
"effect_prop": "kinetic energy",
"cause_dir_str": "faster",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "speed"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "higher",
"less_effect_dir": "lower",
"less_cause_prop": "object",
"more_effect_prop": "kinetic energy",
"less_effect_prop": "kinetic energy",
"less_cause_dir": "kinetic energy"
} |
QRQA-10020-5 | Eric noticed that diffusion was occurring slowly in a medium. This medium has particles that are | {
"text": [
"closer together",
"further apart"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | This means the rate of diffusion is much slower in liquids than in gases, because the particles of a gas are further apart and collide much less. | QRSent-10020 | {
"effect_prop": "rate of diffusion in gas",
"cause_dir_str": "further apart",
"effect_dir_str": "slower",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_prop": "further apart gas particles"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "",
"less_effect_dir": "slowly",
"less_cause_prop": "particles",
"more_effect_prop": "",
"less_effect_prop": "rate of diffusion",
"less_cause_dir": "rate of diffusion"
} |
QRQA-10199-2-flip | If an object starts speeding up, it is encountering _____ friction against it. | {
"text": [
"more",
"less"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | The smoother the surface, the less friction against an object, so the faster it will move. | QRSent-10199 | {
"effect_prop": "speed of the object",
"cause_dir_str": "less",
"effect_dir_str": "faster",
"cause_dir_sign": "LESS",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "friction against an object"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "speeding up",
"less_effect_dir": "",
"less_cause_prop": "friction",
"more_effect_prop": "object",
"less_effect_prop": "",
"less_cause_dir": ""
} |
QRQA-10325-5-flip | When the oceans cool down it leads to | {
"text": [
"more weather",
"less weather"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | Adding more heat energy to Earths atmosphere also causes more extreme weather and changes in precipitation patterns. | QRSent-10325 | {
"effect_prop": "weather",
"cause_dir_str": "more heat",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "heat"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "more",
"less_effect_dir": "less",
"less_cause_prop": "oceans",
"more_effect_prop": "weather",
"less_effect_prop": "weather",
"less_cause_dir": "weather"
} |
QRQA-10097-2 | If you focus the sun's rays with a magnifying glass they are | {
"text": [
"weaker",
"stronger"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | The more focused the Suns rays are, the more energy an area receives and the warmer it is. | QRSent-10097 | {
"effect_prop": "power",
"cause_dir_str": "more",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "focus"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "stronger",
"less_effect_dir": "weaker",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "rays",
"less_effect_prop": "rays",
"less_cause_dir": "rays"
} |
QRQA-10047-2 | A hill that is not steep has | {
"text": [
"a lot of water",
"little water"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | A gentle slope favours slower flow of surface water, reduces erosion, and increases availability of water to plants. | QRSent-10047 | {
"effect_prop": "water availability",
"cause_dir_str": "gentle",
"effect_dir_str": "increases",
"cause_dir_sign": "LESS",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "steep slop"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "a lot of",
"less_effect_dir": "little",
"less_cause_prop": "steep",
"more_effect_prop": "water",
"less_effect_prop": "water",
"less_cause_dir": "water"
} |
QRQA-10325-1 | As the Earth's atmosphere warms up due to global warming, what will happen to the precipitation patterns? | {
"text": [
"they will become less variable",
"they will become more variable"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | Adding more heat energy to Earths atmosphere also causes more extreme weather and changes in precipitation patterns. | QRSent-10325 | {
"effect_prop": "variability in precipitation patterns",
"cause_dir_str": "more heat",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "atmospheric temperature"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "more variable",
"less_effect_dir": "less variable",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "precipitation patterns",
"less_effect_prop": "precipitation patterns",
"less_cause_dir": "precipitation patterns"
} |
QRQA-10188-4 | If Milo turns up his radio by increasing the decibel levels of the music, what can he expect from the sound waves generated by the radio? | {
"text": [
"increased",
"decreased"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | As decibel levels get higher, sound waves have greater intensity and sounds are louder. | QRSent-10188 | {
"effect_prop": "sound waves have greater intensity",
"cause_dir_str": "higher",
"effect_dir_str": "greater",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "decibel levels"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "increased",
"less_effect_dir": "decreased",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "sound waves",
"less_effect_prop": "sound waves",
"less_cause_dir": "sound waves"
} |
QRQA-10199-4-flip | If Jimbo takes a sander to his board and makes it rougher, what will happen to the friction of the board? | {
"text": [
"increases",
"decreases"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | The smoother the surface, the less friction against an object, so the faster it will move. | QRSent-10199 | {
"effect_prop": "friction against an object",
"cause_dir_str": "smoother",
"effect_dir_str": "less",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_prop": "smoother the surface"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "increases",
"less_effect_dir": "decreases",
"less_cause_prop": "board",
"more_effect_prop": "friction",
"less_effect_prop": "friction",
"less_cause_dir": "friction"
} |
QRQA-10047-2-flip | A hill that is steep has | {
"text": [
"a lot of water",
"little water"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | A gentle slope favours slower flow of surface water, reduces erosion, and increases availability of water to plants. | QRSent-10047 | {
"effect_prop": "water availability",
"cause_dir_str": "gentle",
"effect_dir_str": "increases",
"cause_dir_sign": "LESS",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "steep slop"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "a lot of",
"less_effect_dir": "little",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "water",
"less_effect_prop": "water",
"less_cause_dir": "water"
} |
QRQA-10185-5-flip | Milo lives in a small city, but the city has recently become more popular with young people. If more young people begin leaving the city, what happens to the growth rate of the city? | {
"text": [
"increases",
"decreases"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | In exponential growth as the population size increases, the growth rate also increases. | QRSent-10185 | {
"effect_prop": "growth rate",
"cause_dir_str": "increases",
"effect_dir_str": "increases",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "population size"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "increases",
"less_effect_dir": "decreases",
"less_cause_prop": "people",
"more_effect_prop": "growth rate",
"less_effect_prop": "growth rate",
"less_cause_dir": "growth rate"
} |
QRQA-10168-4 | Dina and Job are pushing carts down a hill to see who's will reach the bottom first. Both carts are identical. Dina pushes hard, and Job pushes softly. The cart that will reach the bottom of the hill first is | {
"text": [
"Dina's",
"Job's"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | The greater the force that is applied to an object of a given mass, the more the object will accelerate. | QRSent-10168 | {
"effect_prop": "object accelerates",
"cause_dir_str": "greater",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "force applied"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "reach first",
"less_effect_dir": "",
"less_cause_prop": "push",
"more_effect_prop": "bottom",
"less_effect_prop": "",
"less_cause_dir": ""
} |
QRQA-10049-5 | If Mona is comparing a football and a baseball and she determines that the football is rougher then the baseball, which item has more friction? | {
"text": [
"football",
"baseball"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | Friction is greater when objects have rougher surfaces or are heavier so they press together with greater force. | QRSent-10049 | {
"effect_prop": "Friction",
"cause_dir_str": "rougher",
"effect_dir_str": "greater",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "rougher surfaces"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "more friction",
"less_effect_dir": "",
"less_cause_prop": "baseball",
"more_effect_prop": "",
"less_effect_prop": "",
"less_cause_dir": ""
} |
QRQA-10148-5 | If Australia is smaller then Asia, which country will produce less of a trash buildup in the oceans? | {
"text": [
"Australia",
"China"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | The Southern Hemisphere has less trash buildup in the oceans because less of the region is continent. | QRSent-10148 | {
"effect_prop": "trash buildup in the oceans",
"cause_dir_str": "less",
"effect_dir_str": "less",
"cause_dir_sign": "LESS",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_prop": "of the region is continent"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "",
"less_effect_dir": "less",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "",
"less_effect_prop": "trash buildup",
"less_cause_dir": "trash buildup"
} |
QRQA-10199-3-flip | John was watching the object slide across the table and other surfaces. He observed that the greater friction against it, and it will move | {
"text": [
"Faster",
"Slower"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | The smoother the surface, the less friction against an object, so the faster it will move. | QRSent-10199 | {
"effect_prop": "fast",
"cause_dir_str": "less",
"effect_dir_str": "faster",
"cause_dir_sign": "LESS",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "friction"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "faster",
"less_effect_dir": "slower",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "object move",
"less_effect_prop": "object move",
"less_cause_dir": "object move"
} |
QRQA-10129-4-flip | When plants have very little sun they make | {
"text": [
"more glucose",
"less glucose"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | As photosynthesis increases, the amount of stored glucose in the guard cells increases. | QRSent-10129 | {
"effect_prop": "glucose",
"cause_dir_str": "increases",
"effect_dir_str": "increases",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "photosynthesis"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "more",
"less_effect_dir": "less",
"less_cause_prop": "sun",
"more_effect_prop": "glucose",
"less_effect_prop": "glucose",
"less_cause_dir": "glucose"
} |
QRQA-10226-2 | Tony is running while Lester sits on the sidelines. Who has more kinetic energy? | {
"text": [
"Tony",
"Lester"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | Anything that is moving has kinetic energy, and the faster it is moving, the more kinetic energy it has. | QRSent-10226 | {
"effect_prop": "kinetic energy",
"cause_dir_str": "faster",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "faster it is moving"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "more",
"less_effect_dir": "",
"less_cause_prop": "Lester",
"more_effect_prop": "kinetic energy",
"less_effect_prop": "",
"less_cause_dir": ""
} |
QRQA-10299-2 | Shane is learning about our atmosphere, and sees where the stratosphere is. Shane knows that the stratosphere is warm because, in relation to the Sun, it is | {
"text": [
"close",
"distant"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | The stratosphere gets most of its heat from the Sun. Therefore, its warmer closer to the Sun. | QRSent-10299 | {
"effect_prop": "to sun",
"cause_dir_str": "warmer",
"effect_dir_str": "closer",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "heat"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "closer",
"less_effect_dir": "distant",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "to sun",
"less_effect_prop": "to sun",
"less_cause_dir": "to sun"
} |
QRQA-10070-2-flip | When we get very low into the troposphere the temperature | {
"text": [
"increases",
"decreases"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | In the troposphere, temperatures decrease as altitude increases. | QRSent-10070 | {
"effect_prop": "temperature",
"cause_dir_str": "increase",
"effect_dir_str": "decrease",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_prop": "altitude"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "increases",
"less_effect_dir": "decreases",
"less_cause_prop": "air",
"more_effect_prop": "temperature",
"less_effect_prop": "temperature",
"less_cause_dir": "temperature"
} |
QRQA-10114-3 | Yolanda looks through a miniature telescope and then compares the view to a normal sized telescope. The telescope that likely differentiates between celestial objects the best is | {
"text": [
"larger",
"smaller"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | The larger a telescope's mirror or lens, the better it is at seeing narrowly separated objects as individual objects and the sharper the images look. | QRSent-10114 | {
"effect_prop": "seeing narrowly seperated objects",
"cause_dir_str": "larger",
"effect_dir_str": "better",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "telescope's mirror or lens"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "differentiates between",
"less_effect_dir": "",
"less_cause_prop": "telescope",
"more_effect_prop": "celestial objects",
"less_effect_prop": "",
"less_cause_dir": ""
} |
QRQA-10243-1-flip | Dean and Bob are having a party. Since there will be a small number of people there, the amount of resources must be | {
"text": [
"small",
"great"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | More people need more resources. | QRSent-10243 | {
"effect_prop": "resources",
"cause_dir_str": "more",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "people"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "great",
"less_effect_dir": "small",
"less_cause_prop": "number of people",
"more_effect_prop": "amount of resources",
"less_effect_prop": "amount of resources",
"less_cause_dir": "amount of resources"
} |
QRQA-10324-2-flip | If we halve the magnification of our microscope, we will see _____ tiny creatures. | {
"text": [
"more",
"less"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | What this means is that at higher magnification, we are able to see objects of smaller and smaller size within our field of view. | QRSent-10324 | {
"effect_prop": "small objects seen",
"cause_dir_str": "higher",
"effect_dir_str": "able",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "magnification"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "more",
"less_effect_dir": "less",
"less_cause_prop": "magnification of microscope",
"more_effect_prop": "tiny creatures seen",
"less_effect_prop": "tiny creatures seen",
"less_cause_dir": "tiny creatures seen"
} |
QRQA-10311-2-flip | Fay was scuba diving at a depth of 100 feet while Rita was scuba diving at 1000 feet. Who likely needs a flashlight? | {
"text": [
"Fay",
"Rita"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | The deeper you go, the darker the water gets. | QRSent-10311 | {
"effect_prop": "darkness in water",
"cause_dir_str": "deeper",
"effect_dir_str": "darker",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "depth in water"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "",
"less_effect_dir": "",
"less_cause_prop": "depth",
"more_effect_prop": "",
"less_effect_prop": "",
"less_cause_dir": ""
} |
QRQA-10250-1 | When deciding where to find water, Shane decides to avoid the desert, because the drier climate means that the odds of finding water are | {
"text": [
"greater",
"lesser"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | Drier climates generally have less water for people to use. | QRSent-10250 | {
"effect_prop": "water",
"cause_dir_str": "drier",
"effect_dir_str": "less",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_prop": "dry"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "greater",
"less_effect_dir": "lesser",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "odds of finding water",
"less_effect_prop": "odds of finding water",
"less_cause_dir": "odds of finding water"
} |
QRQA-10347-2-flip | Bob moves a large table across the floor. After, he moves a smaller chair. Which piece of furniture had less friction? | {
"text": [
"chair",
"table."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | Heavier objects also have more friction because they press together with greater force. | QRSent-10347 | {
"effect_prop": "friction",
"cause_dir_str": "heavier",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "object"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "",
"less_effect_dir": "less",
"less_cause_prop": "chair",
"more_effect_prop": "",
"less_effect_prop": "friction",
"less_cause_dir": "friction"
} |
QRQA-10185-4-flip | The growth rate _____ as the population decreases in exponential growth. | {
"text": [
"increases",
"decreases"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | In exponential growth as the population size increases, the growth rate also increases. | QRSent-10185 | {
"effect_prop": "growth rate",
"cause_dir_str": "increases",
"effect_dir_str": "increases",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "population"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "increases",
"less_effect_dir": "decreases",
"less_cause_prop": "population",
"more_effect_prop": "growth rate",
"less_effect_prop": "growth rate",
"less_cause_dir": "growth rate"
} |
QRQA-10196-2-flip | If Mona's body experiences a greater volume of blood in her blood vessels, what is happening to the pressure in her vessel walls? | {
"text": [
"increasing",
"decreasing"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | This is because the lower blood volume in the vessels exerts less pressure on the vessel walls. | QRSent-10196 | {
"effect_prop": "pressure on the vessel walls",
"cause_dir_str": "lower",
"effect_dir_str": "less",
"cause_dir_sign": "LESS",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_prop": "blood volume in the vessels"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "increasing",
"less_effect_dir": "decreasing",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "pressure",
"less_effect_prop": "pressure",
"less_cause_dir": "pressure"
} |
QRQA-10168-1 | If Jim begins applying more force to a basketball that he is rolling along the ground, what will happen to the basketball? | {
"text": [
"accelerate faster",
"accelerate slower"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | The greater the force that is applied to an object of a given mass, the more the object will accelerate. | QRSent-10168 | {
"effect_prop": "the object will accelerate",
"cause_dir_str": "greater",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "force that is applied to an object"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "accelerate faster",
"less_effect_dir": "accelerate slower",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "basketball",
"less_effect_prop": "basketball",
"less_cause_dir": "basketball"
} |
QRQA-10029-3-flip | Jimbo was sailing in the ocean when he a few glaciers around his ship. The next year he sailed back to that same spot and noticed that there were many more glaciers around the ship. If there are more glaciers, what does that mean about the sea level? | {
"text": [
"it's lower",
"it's higher"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | An increase in glaciers lowers sea level and a decrease in glaciers raises sea level. | QRSent-10029 | {
"effect_prop": "sea level",
"cause_dir_str": "increase",
"effect_dir_str": "lowers",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_prop": "glaciers"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "lower",
"less_effect_dir": "higher",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "sea level",
"less_effect_prop": "sea level",
"less_cause_dir": "sea level"
} |
QRQA-10273-2 | When a rabbit farmer begins a farm he starts with just a few rabbits. If the rabbits are cared for and fed does the population | {
"text": [
"decrease",
"increase"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | With exponential growth, the population starts out growing slowly. As population size increases, the growth rate also increases. | QRSent-10273 | {
"effect_prop": "greater population size",
"cause_dir_str": "increases",
"effect_dir_str": "increases",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "population growth"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "",
"less_effect_dir": "few",
"less_cause_prop": "population",
"more_effect_prop": "",
"less_effect_prop": "rabbits",
"less_cause_dir": "rabbits"
} |
QRQA-10168-1-flip | If Jim begins applying less force to a basketball that he is rolling along the ground, what will happen to the basketball? | {
"text": [
"accelerate faster",
"accelerate slower"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | The greater the force that is applied to an object of a given mass, the more the object will accelerate. | QRSent-10168 | {
"effect_prop": "the object will accelerate",
"cause_dir_str": "greater",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "force that is applied to an object"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "accelerate faster",
"less_effect_dir": "accelerate slower",
"less_cause_prop": "basketball",
"more_effect_prop": "basketball",
"less_effect_prop": "basketball",
"less_cause_dir": "basketball"
} |
QRQA-10267-5 | A bigger leaf will have _____ lost water vapour than a small one. | {
"text": [
"less",
"more"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | Leaves can have the following adaptations to reduce transpiration rate: Small or narrow leaves to reduce the surface area over which water vapour is lost | QRSent-10267 | {
"effect_prop": "lost water vapour",
"cause_dir_str": "small or narrow",
"effect_dir_str": "lost",
"cause_dir_sign": "LESS",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_prop": "leaves"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "more",
"less_effect_dir": "less",
"less_cause_prop": "leaf",
"more_effect_prop": "lost water vapour",
"less_effect_prop": "lost water vapou",
"less_cause_dir": "lost water vapou"
} |
QRQA-10287-2 | A hard rock will erode _____ than a soft rock. | {
"text": [
"faster",
"slower"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | The water erodes the softer rock faster than the harder rock. | QRSent-10287 | {
"effect_prop": "speed of erosion",
"cause_dir_str": "softer",
"effect_dir_str": "faster",
"cause_dir_sign": "LESS",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "strength of a rock"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "erode faster",
"less_effect_dir": "erode slower",
"less_cause_prop": "rock",
"more_effect_prop": "rock",
"less_effect_prop": "rock",
"less_cause_dir": "rock"
} |
QRQA-10254-4-flip | As tectonic plates float on magma what would happen if the magma moved less? | {
"text": [
"less earthquakes",
"more earthquakes"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | Convection on early Earth was faster and so plate tectonics was faster. | QRSent-10254 | {
"effect_prop": "tectonic activity",
"cause_dir_str": "faster",
"effect_dir_str": "faster",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "convection"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "more",
"less_effect_dir": "less",
"less_cause_prop": "moved",
"more_effect_prop": "earthquakes",
"less_effect_prop": "earthquakes",
"less_cause_dir": "earthquakes"
} |
QRQA-10361-4-flip | Harry is 6 feet away from you and Sara is 15 feet away. Who will appear to move less farther away if they both take one step? | {
"text": [
"Harry",
"Sara"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | The closer your finger is to your eyes, the greater the position changes because of parallax. | QRSent-10361 | {
"effect_prop": "position changing",
"cause_dir_str": "closer",
"effect_dir_str": "greater",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "finger closer to eyes"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "",
"less_effect_dir": "move less farther away",
"less_cause_prop": "Sara",
"more_effect_prop": "",
"less_effect_prop": "",
"less_cause_dir": ""
} |
QRQA-10020-2-flip | If Milo traps gases in a small chamber after having them in a large chamber, what will happen to the rate of collisions between gas particles? | {
"text": [
"increase",
"decrease"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | This means the rate of diffusion is much slower in liquids than in gases, because the particles of a gas are further apart and collide much less. | QRSent-10020 | {
"effect_prop": "collide",
"cause_dir_str": "slower",
"effect_dir_str": "much less",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_prop": "particles of a gas are further apart"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "increase",
"less_effect_dir": "decrease",
"less_cause_prop": "chamber",
"more_effect_prop": "rate of collisions",
"less_effect_prop": "rate of collisions",
"less_cause_dir": "rate of collisions"
} |
QRQA-10148-1-flip | If North America is larger then Asia, which continent experiences less trash buildup? | {
"text": [
"North America",
"Asia"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | The Southern Hemisphere has less trash buildup in the oceans because less of the region is continent. | QRSent-10148 | {
"effect_prop": "trash buildup",
"cause_dir_str": "less",
"effect_dir_str": "less",
"cause_dir_sign": "LESS",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_prop": "continent"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "",
"less_effect_dir": "less",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "",
"less_effect_prop": "trash buildup",
"less_cause_dir": "trash buildup"
} |
QRQA-10219-1 | Sandra was suddenly scared and her adrenal glands secreted adrenaline to prepare her fight or flight response, which caused her heart rate to | {
"text": [
"decrease?",
"increase"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | This causes the delivery of less oxygen to the cells, and this stimulates the heart rate via adrenalin, so that pulse rate increases in an effort to deliver enough oxygen to cells. | QRSent-10219 | {
"effect_prop": "heart rate",
"cause_dir_str": "",
"effect_dir_str": "increases",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "amount of adrenaline"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "increase",
"less_effect_dir": "decrease",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "heart rate",
"less_effect_prop": "heart rate",
"less_cause_dir": "heart rate"
} |
QRQA-10179-3 | Milo is making a map for school. If he places a country close to the North Pole, what will happen to the size and shape of that country on the map? | {
"text": [
"increase",
"decrease"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | In a Mercator projection, because Greenland is closer to the pole, the continents shape and size are greatly increased. | QRSent-10179 | {
"effect_prop": "continents shape and size",
"cause_dir_str": "closer",
"effect_dir_str": "increased",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "closer to the pole"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "increase",
"less_effect_dir": "decrease",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "size",
"less_effect_prop": "size",
"less_cause_dir": "size"
} |
QRQA-10020-1-flip | Between air and water, the particles in _____ likely collide more. | {
"text": [
"air",
"water"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | This means the rate of diffusion is much slower in liquids than in gases, because the particles of a gas are further apart and collide much less. | QRSent-10020 | {
"effect_prop": "particle collision",
"cause_dir_str": "slower",
"effect_dir_str": "much less",
"cause_dir_sign": "LESS",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_prop": "rate of diffusion"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "collide more",
"less_effect_dir": "compared to that of",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "particles",
"less_effect_prop": "water",
"less_cause_dir": "water"
} |
QRQA-10288-5 | If Mona adds more carbon atoms to her alkane, what happens to the boiling point of that alkane? | {
"text": [
"increases",
"decreases"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | Alkanes with more carbon atoms generally have higher boiling and melting points. | QRSent-10288 | {
"effect_prop": "higher boiling and melting points",
"cause_dir_str": "more",
"effect_dir_str": "higher",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "carbon atoms"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "increases",
"less_effect_dir": "decreases",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "boiling point",
"less_effect_prop": "boiling point",
"less_cause_dir": "boiling point"
} |
QRQA-10129-3-flip | Mike is growing flowers, so he grows some large ones and some small ones. The amount of stored glucose in the cells of the smaller plants, compared to the larger ones will be | {
"text": [
"lesser",
"greater"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | As photosynthesis increases, the amount of stored glucose in the guard cells increases. | QRSent-10129 | {
"effect_prop": "stored glucose",
"cause_dir_str": "increases",
"effect_dir_str": "increases",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "photosynthesis"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "greater",
"less_effect_dir": "lesser",
"less_cause_prop": "flower",
"more_effect_prop": "stored glucose",
"less_effect_prop": "stored glucose",
"less_cause_dir": "stored glucose"
} |
QRQA-10037-5-flip | Eric stopped rubbing a blanket on his arm. His arm gets warmer because the molecules inside get | {
"text": [
"faster",
"slower"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | Friction causes the molecules on rubbing surfaces to move faster, so they have more energy. This gives them a higher temperature, and they feel warmer. | QRSent-10037 | {
"effect_prop": "molecules faster",
"cause_dir_str": "",
"effect_dir_str": "faster",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "friction"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "faster",
"less_effect_dir": "slower",
"less_cause_prop": "blanket on his arm",
"more_effect_prop": "molecules",
"less_effect_prop": "molecules",
"less_cause_dir": "molecules"
} |
QRQA-10220-1 | Darrel puts two bowling balls together, then puts two tennis balls together. The bowling balls have friction that is | {
"text": [
"greater",
"lesser"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | Heavier objects press together with greater force, and this causes greater friction between them. | QRSent-10220 | {
"effect_prop": "force",
"cause_dir_str": "heavier",
"effect_dir_str": "greater",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "objects"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "greater",
"less_effect_dir": "lesser",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "friction",
"less_effect_prop": "friction",
"less_cause_dir": "friction"
} |
QRQA-10052-5-flip | As you dive shallower into the trenches in the ocean what happens to the pressure? | {
"text": [
"decreases",
"increases"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | Pressure: Pressure increases with depth, but increased pressure raises the melting temperature, so melting of rock is less likely to occur at higher pressures. | QRSent-10052 | {
"effect_prop": "pressure",
"cause_dir_str": "with",
"effect_dir_str": "increases",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "Depth"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "increases",
"less_effect_dir": "decreases",
"less_cause_prop": "dive into the trenches in the ocean",
"more_effect_prop": "pressure",
"less_effect_prop": "pressure",
"less_cause_dir": "pressure"
} |
QRQA-10324-1-flip | Mick wants to see some very small ants less clearly. Mick will choose a magnifying glass that has a magnification that is | {
"text": [
"lower",
"higher"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | What this means is that at higher magnification, we are able to see objects of smaller and smaller size within our field of view. | QRSent-10324 | {
"effect_prop": "ability to view",
"cause_dir_str": "higher",
"effect_dir_str": "able",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "magnification"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "more",
"less_effect_dir": "less",
"less_cause_prop": "magnification",
"more_effect_prop": "clearly",
"less_effect_prop": "clearly",
"less_cause_dir": "clearly"
} |
QRQA-10223-1 | If Mona is adding chemicals to her swimming pool and she lowers the pH value of the water, what happens to the acidity of the water in the pool? | {
"text": [
"increase",
"decrease"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | The lower the pH value is, the greater is the concentration of hydrogen ions and the stronger the acid. | QRSent-10223 | {
"effect_prop": "stronger the acid",
"cause_dir_str": "lower",
"effect_dir_str": "stronger",
"cause_dir_sign": "LESS",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "pH value"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "increase",
"less_effect_dir": "decrease",
"less_cause_prop": "ph value",
"more_effect_prop": "acidity",
"less_effect_prop": "acidity",
"less_cause_dir": "acidity"
} |
QRQA-10379-2 | When we put two magnets close to each other they become | {
"text": [
"less attracted",
"more attracted"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | The smaller the distance between the objects, the greater the force of magnetic attraction. | QRSent-10379 | {
"effect_prop": "attraction",
"cause_dir_str": "smaller",
"effect_dir_str": "greater",
"cause_dir_sign": "LESS",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "distance"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "more",
"less_effect_dir": "less",
"less_cause_prop": "magnets",
"more_effect_prop": "attracted",
"less_effect_prop": "attracted",
"less_cause_dir": "attracted"
} |
QRQA-10250-5-flip | Jimbo notices over time that his climate has become wetter. This means the amount of water available to him is probably | {
"text": [
"increasing",
"decreasing"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | Drier climates generally have less water for people to use. | QRSent-10250 | {
"effect_prop": "water",
"cause_dir_str": "drier",
"effect_dir_str": "less",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_prop": "Drier climates"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "increasing",
"less_effect_dir": "decreasing",
"less_cause_prop": "climate",
"more_effect_prop": "water",
"less_effect_prop": "water",
"less_cause_dir": "water"
} |
QRQA-10347-5-flip | A 10 pound box would be easier or harder to shove than a 100 pound box? | {
"text": [
"harder",
"easier"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | Heavier objects also have more friction because they press together with greater force. | QRSent-10347 | {
"effect_prop": "friction",
"cause_dir_str": "heavier",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "weight"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "harder",
"less_effect_dir": "easier",
"less_cause_prop": "box",
"more_effect_prop": "to shove",
"less_effect_prop": "to shove",
"less_cause_dir": "to shove"
} |
QRQA-10020-1 | Between air and water, the particles in _____ likely collide less. | {
"text": [
"air",
"water"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | This means the rate of diffusion is much slower in liquids than in gases, because the particles of a gas are further apart and collide much less. | QRSent-10020 | {
"effect_prop": "particle collision",
"cause_dir_str": "slower",
"effect_dir_str": "much less",
"cause_dir_sign": "LESS",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_prop": "rate of diffusion"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "compared to that of",
"less_effect_dir": "collide less",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "water",
"less_effect_prop": "particles",
"less_cause_dir": "particles"
} |
QRQA-10287-1-flip | Compared to the hardest stone, diamonds, a very soft stone like limestone would | {
"text": [
"erode more slowly in water",
"erode more quickly in water?"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | The water erodes the softer rock faster than the harder rock. | QRSent-10287 | {
"effect_prop": "rate at which water erodes the rock",
"cause_dir_str": "softer",
"effect_dir_str": "faster",
"cause_dir_sign": "LESS",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "hardness of a rock"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "more quickly",
"less_effect_dir": "more slowly",
"less_cause_prop": "stone",
"more_effect_prop": "erode in water",
"less_effect_prop": "erode in water",
"less_cause_dir": "erode in water"
} |
QRQA-10159-2 | A flu vaccine was administered to residents in a large city and the vaccine was effective in lowering the risk of flu among the residents. This means that the lower risk of disease resulted in a | {
"text": [
"higher death rate",
"lower death rate."
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | With better food and less chance of disease, the death rate fell. | QRSent-10159 | {
"effect_prop": "death rate",
"cause_dir_str": "less",
"effect_dir_str": "fell",
"cause_dir_sign": "LESS",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_prop": "chance of disease"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "higher death rate",
"less_effect_dir": "lower death rate",
"less_cause_prop": "risk of disease",
"more_effect_prop": "deat rate",
"less_effect_prop": "death rate",
"less_cause_dir": "death rate"
} |
QRQA-10103-4-flip | Shampoos with high ph are | {
"text": [
"less acidic",
"more or"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | Lower pH numbers are more acidic and higher numbers are less acidic (also called more alkaline). | QRSent-10103 | {
"effect_prop": "acid",
"cause_dir_str": "lower",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "LESS",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "ph"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "more",
"less_effect_dir": "less",
"less_cause_prop": "",
"more_effect_prop": "acidic",
"less_effect_prop": "acidic",
"less_cause_dir": "acidic"
} |
QRQA-10291-4-flip | If Jim is observing a nucleus and he notices the electromagnetic force is decreasing, that means the nuclear force is | {
"text": [
"increasing",
"decreasing"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | As more protons are added to the nucleus, the electromagnetic force of repulsion between them gets stronger, while the strong nuclear force of attraction between them gets weaker. | QRSent-10291 | {
"effect_prop": "nuclear force",
"cause_dir_str": "stronger",
"effect_dir_str": "weaker",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_prop": "electromagnetic force"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "increasing",
"less_effect_dir": "decreasing",
"less_cause_prop": "electromagnetic force",
"more_effect_prop": "nuclear force",
"less_effect_prop": "nuclear force",
"less_cause_dir": "nuclear force"
} |
QRQA-10314-4-flip | What are the energy levels that are in a very short wave? | {
"text": [
"high",
"low"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | Waves with greater amplitudes or shorter wavelengths have more energy. | QRSent-10314 | {
"effect_prop": "energy",
"cause_dir_str": "greater",
"effect_dir_str": "more",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "amplitude"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "high",
"less_effect_dir": "low",
"less_cause_prop": "wave",
"more_effect_prop": "energy",
"less_effect_prop": "energy",
"less_cause_dir": "energy"
} |
QRQA-10011-2-flip | What would happen to the reduce of Jim's parallel circuit if he added fewer resistors to it? | {
"text": [
"increased resistance",
"decreased resistance"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | A | In a parallel circuit, the resistance decreases as more resistors are added in parallel. | QRSent-10011 | {
"effect_prop": "resistance",
"cause_dir_str": "more",
"effect_dir_str": "decreases",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
"cause_prop": "resistors are added in parallel"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "increased",
"less_effect_dir": "decreased",
"less_cause_prop": "resistors",
"more_effect_prop": "resistance",
"less_effect_prop": "resistance",
"less_cause_dir": "resistance"
} |
QRQA-10139-2-flip | Jeff decreases the waves' crests' height in the simulation. The amplitude is now | {
"text": [
"higher",
"lower"
],
"label": [
"A",
"B"
]
} | B | The higher the crests are, the greater the amplitude of the wave. | QRSent-10139 | {
"effect_prop": "amplitude of the wave",
"cause_dir_str": "higher",
"effect_dir_str": "greater",
"cause_dir_sign": "MORE",
"effect_dir_sign": "MORE",
"cause_prop": "higher the crests"
} | {
"more_effect_dir": "higher",
"less_effect_dir": "lower",
"less_cause_prop": "waves",
"more_effect_prop": "amplitude",
"less_effect_prop": "amplitude",
"less_cause_dir": "amplitude"
} |