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QRQA-10196-3-flip
Mary took a medication to higher blood pressure. What is likely happening to the blood volume in the vessels?
{ "text": [ "it decreases", "it increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
This is because the lower blood volume in the vessels exerts less pressure on the vessel walls.
QRSent-10196
{ "effect_prop": "pressure on the vessel walls", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "blood volume in the vessels" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "blood volume", "more_effect_prop": "blood pressure", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10293-2
As planets get farther from the sun the sun's gravity on them becomes
{ "text": [ "stronger", "weaker" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Even though the Sun is much larger than the Moon, the pull of the Suns gravity is much less because the Sun is much farther away.
QRSent-10293
{ "effect_prop": "gravity", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "distance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "stronger", "less_effect_dir": "weaker", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "sun's gravity on planets", "less_effect_prop": "sun's gravity on planets", "less_cause_dir": "sun's gravity on planets" }
QRQA-10304-2
John was watching a baseball game and made an observation. A ball hit would travel a greater distance if the force was
{ "text": [ "Greater", "Lesser" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The will travel faster and farther if the batter hits it with more force.
QRSent-10304
{ "effect_prop": "force", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "lesser", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "force", "less_effect_prop": "force", "less_cause_dir": "force" }
QRQA-10244-4-flip
If Mona is building an electrical device and she decreases the total resistance of it, what happens to the current strength?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As the total resistance increases, the current strength decreases.
QRSent-10244
{ "effect_prop": "current strength", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "total resistance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "the total resistance of it", "more_effect_prop": "current strength", "less_effect_prop": "current strength", "less_cause_dir": "current strength" }
QRQA-10361-3-flip
John is thinking about parallax, and wants to test it. John holds his finger away from his eye, then draws it closer to his eye. At the farthest from his eye, the position will have changed to be
{ "text": [ "lesser", "greater" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The closer your finger is to your eyes, the greater the position changes because of parallax.
QRSent-10361
{ "effect_prop": "position changes", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "close" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "lesser", "less_cause_prop": "finger", "more_effect_prop": "position", "less_effect_prop": "position", "less_cause_dir": "position" }
QRQA-10095-4
Tessa took a long run and noticed her veins were _____.
{ "text": [ "smaller", "larger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Increasing the diameter of the blood vessels increases the amount of blood and heat that moves near the skins surface.
QRSent-10095
{ "effect_prop": "Amount of blood", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Diameter of blood vessells" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "veins", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10288-1
An alkane with two carbon atoms should have a _____ melting point than an alkane with six carbon atoms
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Alkanes with more carbon atoms generally have higher boiling and melting points.
QRSent-10288
{ "effect_prop": "boiling and melting points", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "carbon atoms in an Alkane" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "carbon atoms", "more_effect_prop": "melting point", "less_effect_prop": "melting point", "less_cause_dir": "melting point" }
QRQA-10311-2
Fay was scuba diving at a depth of 100 feet while Rita was scuba diving at 10 feet. Who likely needs a flashlight?
{ "text": [ "Fay", "Rita" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The deeper you go, the darker the water gets.
QRSent-10311
{ "effect_prop": "darkness in water", "cause_dir_str": "deeper", "effect_dir_str": "darker", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "depth in water" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "depth", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10011-5
The resistance will decrease in a circuit when resistors are added in
{ "text": [ "parallel", "series" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In a parallel circuit, the resistance decreases as more resistors are added in parallel.
QRSent-10011
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "resistors in paralle" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "series", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10168-3
If you apply a lot of force will an item accelerate
{ "text": [ "faster", "slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The greater the force that is applied to an object of a given mass, the more the object will accelerate.
QRSent-10168
{ "effect_prop": "acceleration", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "force" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "acceleration", "less_effect_prop": "acceleration", "less_cause_dir": "acceleration" }
QRQA-10154-5
If Milo gets cold from being outside and his metabolism rate goes up, what happens to his body heat levels?
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
For example, on a cold day, an endotherm may produce more body heat by increasing its rate of metabolism.
QRSent-10154
{ "effect_prop": "body heat", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "rate of metabolism" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "body heat levels", "less_effect_prop": "body heat levels", "less_cause_dir": "body heat levels" }
QRQA-10137-5
If Mona is examining her arteries and she looks at ones that are farther away from her heart, what happens to the size of the arteries?
{ "text": [ "smaller", "larger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Further away from the heart, the aorta branches into smaller arteries, which eventually branch into capillaries.
QRSent-10137
{ "effect_prop": "aorta branches into smaller arteries", "cause_dir_str": "further away", "effect_dir_str": "smaller", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Further away from the heart" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "size of arteries", "less_effect_prop": "size of arteries", "less_cause_dir": "size of arteries" }
QRQA-10155-2-flip
Eric has bad lung problems living 20 miles from New York. If he moves _____ the city, his health may get worse.
{ "text": [ "farther away from", "closer to" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Certain respiratory conditions can be made worse in people who live closer to or in large cites.
QRSent-10155
{ "effect_prop": "closer to large cities", "cause_dir_str": "worse", "effect_dir_str": "closer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "respiratory conditions" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "closer to", "less_effect_dir": "farther away from", "less_cause_prop": "health", "more_effect_prop": "the city", "less_effect_prop": "the city", "less_cause_dir": "the city" }
QRQA-10299-3-flip
What happens when we get farther from the sun?
{ "text": [ "cool down", "heat up" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The stratosphere gets most of its heat from the Sun. Therefore, its warmer closer to the Sun.
QRSent-10299
{ "effect_prop": "heat", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "warmer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "sun energy" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "heat up", "less_effect_dir": "cool down", "less_cause_prop": "from the sun", "more_effect_prop": "we", "less_effect_prop": "we", "less_cause_dir": "we" }
QRQA-10314-1
Jacob was doing a science experiment in class and learned that when waves have larger amplitudes, then they also have energy that is
{ "text": [ "greater", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Waves with greater amplitudes or shorter wavelengths have more energy.
QRSent-10314
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "amplitutes" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10223-4
Rich increased the pH value of a solution in the lab. The acid is now
{ "text": [ "stronger", "weaker" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The lower the pH value is, the greater is the concentration of hydrogen ions and the stronger the acid.
QRSent-10223
{ "effect_prop": "stronger the acid", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "pH value of acid" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "stronger", "less_effect_dir": "weaker", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "acid", "less_effect_prop": "acid", "less_cause_dir": "acid" }
QRQA-10185-4
The growth rate _____ as the population increases in exponential growth.
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In exponential growth as the population size increases, the growth rate also increases.
QRSent-10185
{ "effect_prop": "growth rate", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "population" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "growth rate", "less_effect_prop": "growth rate", "less_cause_dir": "growth rate" }
QRQA-10014-2
If an elephant has more blood in its body then a wren, which animal has higher blood pressure?
{ "text": [ "wren", "elephant" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As blood volume in the body increases, blood pressure increases.
QRSent-10014
{ "effect_prop": "blood pressure", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "blood volume in the body" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "blood pressure", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10203-2
If Mona begins using less nonrenewable resources what will happen to the length of time those resources will last?
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Using less nonrenewable resources means that they will last longer.
QRSent-10203
{ "effect_prop": "last longer", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "longer", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "nonrenewable resources" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "nonrenewable resources", "more_effect_prop": "length of time those resources will last", "less_effect_prop": "length of time those resources will last", "less_cause_dir": "length of time those resources will last" }
QRQA-10074-3
If Mona owns a car and she decides to switch to a cleaner burning fuel, will she create more or less pollution?
{ "text": [ "more pollution", "less pollution" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The advantage to biofuels is that they burn more cleanly than fossil fuels. As a result, they create less pollution and less carbon dioxide.
QRSent-10074
{ "effect_prop": "pollution", "cause_dir_str": "more cleanly", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "burn more cleanly" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "fuel", "more_effect_prop": "pollution", "less_effect_prop": "pollution", "less_cause_dir": "pollution" }
QRQA-10078-2-flip
If Mary is pushing her wagon and she decreases the force that she is applying to push it, what will happen to the wagon's acceleration?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The greater the net force acting on the object, the greater its acceleration will be, but the mass of the object also affects its acceleration.
QRSent-10078
{ "effect_prop": "acceleration", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "net force acting on the object" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "force", "more_effect_prop": "acceleration", "less_effect_prop": "acceleration", "less_cause_dir": "acceleration" }
QRQA-10330-3
Will removes electrons from a large atom. Heather removes electrons from a smaller atom. Whose atom needed less energy to remove electrons from?
{ "text": [ "Will", "Heather" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Less energy is also needed to remove electrons from larger atoms in the same group of the periodic table.
QRSent-10330
{ "effect_prop": "larger atom to remove electrons", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "larger", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "energy" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "large", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "energy", "more_effect_prop": "atom", "less_effect_prop": "atom", "less_cause_dir": "atom" }
QRQA-10159-2-flip
A flu vaccine was administered to residents in a large city and the vaccine was ineffective in lowering the risk of flu among the residents. This means that the higher risk of disease resulted in a
{ "text": [ "higher death rate", "lower death rate." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
With better food and less chance of disease, the death rate fell.
QRSent-10159
{ "effect_prop": "death rate", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "fell", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "chance of disease" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher death rate", "less_effect_dir": "lower death rate", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "death rate", "less_effect_prop": "death rate", "less_cause_dir": "death rate" }
QRQA-10029-5-flip
Eric removed glaciers from his ocean model. The sea level likely
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
An increase in glaciers lowers sea level and a decrease in glaciers raises sea level.
QRSent-10029
{ "effect_prop": "sea level", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "lowers", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "glaciers" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "glaciers", "more_effect_prop": "sea level", "less_effect_prop": "sea level", "less_cause_dir": "sea level" }
QRQA-10180-3
A hot object indicates its particles are going
{ "text": [ "fast", "slow" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When particles move more slowly, temperature is lower and an object feels cooler.
QRSent-10180
{ "effect_prop": "temperature of it", "cause_dir_str": "more slowly", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "speed of a particle" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "hot", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "particles", "more_effect_prop": "object", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10379-5
When objects move apart, their magnetic attraction will
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The smaller the distance between the objects, the greater the force of magnetic attraction.
QRSent-10379
{ "effect_prop": "magnetic attraction", "cause_dir_str": "smaller", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance between the objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "magnetic attraction", "less_effect_prop": "magnetic attraction", "less_cause_dir": "magnetic attraction" }
QRQA-10379-4
Mary walked closer to Paul. The force of magnetic attraction between them
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The smaller the distance between the objects, the greater the force of magnetic attraction.
QRSent-10379
{ "effect_prop": "force of magnetic attraction", "cause_dir_str": "smaller", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "force of magnetic attraction", "less_effect_prop": "force of magnetic attraction", "less_cause_dir": "force of magnetic attraction" }
QRQA-10154-4
Endotherms have the ability to regulate their own temperature. By increasing it's rate of metabolism, the body heat becomes
{ "text": [ "Decreased", "Increased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
For example, on a cold day, an endotherm may produce more body heat by increasing its rate of metabolism.
QRSent-10154
{ "effect_prop": "metabolism", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "increasing", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "heat" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increasing", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "body heat", "more_effect_prop": "metabolism", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10291-1
Which sort of atom would require less energy to split in a fission reaction,
{ "text": [ "Helium, with its two protons", "Plutonium, with its 94 protons?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As more protons are added to the nucleus, the electromagnetic force of repulsion between them gets stronger, while the strong nuclear force of attraction between them gets weaker.
QRSent-10291
{ "effect_prop": "strong nuclear force in the atom", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "weaker", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "protons in an atomic nucleus" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "protons", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10373-3
As milk cools down, it will evaporate
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The higher the temperature of the liquid, the faster it will evaporate.
QRSent-10373
{ "effect_prop": "faster evaporation", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperature of a liquid" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "milk", "more_effect_prop": "evaporate", "less_effect_prop": "evaporate", "less_cause_dir": "evaporate" }
QRQA-10299-5
Will's spaceship flew closer and closer to the sun. The temperature _____ over time.
{ "text": [ "increased", "dropped" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The stratosphere gets most of its heat from the Sun. Therefore, its warmer closer to the Sun.
QRSent-10299
{ "effect_prop": "closer to the sun", "cause_dir_str": "warmer", "effect_dir_str": "closer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "heat from the sun" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "closer to", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "temperature", "more_effect_prop": "sun", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10288-2
If an item has many carbon atoms its boiling point will be
{ "text": [ "low", "high" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Alkanes with more carbon atoms generally have higher boiling and melting points.
QRSent-10288
{ "effect_prop": "boiling point", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "carbon atoms" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "high", "less_effect_dir": "low", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "boiling point", "less_effect_prop": "boiling point", "less_cause_dir": "boiling point" }
QRQA-10006-2-flip
John was a doctor in a cancer ward and knew that early detection was key. The cancer being detected slowly makes the cancer treatment
{ "text": [ "Easier", "Harder" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The sooner cancer is detected the easier it is to treat.
QRSent-10006
{ "effect_prop": "treatment", "cause_dir_str": "sooner", "effect_dir_str": "easier", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "quickly" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "Easier", "less_effect_dir": "Harder", "less_cause_prop": "cancer", "more_effect_prop": "cancer treatment", "less_effect_prop": "cancer treatment", "less_cause_dir": "cancer treatment" }
QRQA-10095-5
When Derek was in the hospital, his blood vessels had a larger diameter than normal, which meant that his body was running
{ "text": [ "colder", "warmer" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Increasing the diameter of the blood vessels increases the amount of blood and heat that moves near the skins surface.
QRSent-10095
{ "effect_prop": "heat", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "diameter of blood vessels" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "warmer", "less_effect_dir": "colder", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "body", "less_effect_prop": "body", "less_cause_dir": "body" }
QRQA-10148-3-flip
If there were less land in the Southern Hemisphere, there would likely be _____ trash buildup in the oceans.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The Southern Hemisphere has less trash buildup in the oceans because less of the region is continent.
QRSent-10148
{ "effect_prop": "trash buildup in the oceans", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "continental regions in a hemisphere" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "land in the Southern Hemisphere", "more_effect_prop": "trash buildup in the oceans", "less_effect_prop": "trash buildup in the oceans", "less_cause_dir": "trash buildup in the oceans" }
QRQA-10191-2
When someone is put into a smaller room how much space do they have to move?
{ "text": [ "Less", "More" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When a gas is squeezed into a smaller volume, the particles have less space to move.
QRSent-10191
{ "effect_prop": "space to move", "cause_dir_str": "smaller", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "volume" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "room", "more_effect_prop": "space", "less_effect_prop": "space", "less_cause_dir": "space" }
QRQA-10299-3
What happens when we get closer to the sun?
{ "text": [ "cool down", "heat up" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The stratosphere gets most of its heat from the Sun. Therefore, its warmer closer to the Sun.
QRSent-10299
{ "effect_prop": "heat", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "warmer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "sun energy" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "heat up", "less_effect_dir": "cool down", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "we", "less_effect_prop": "we", "less_cause_dir": "we" }
QRQA-10220-5-flip
James slid an anvil across the floor, then slid a pillow across the floor. Which object slid the shorter distance before stopping?
{ "text": [ "anvil", "pillow" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Heavier objects press together with greater force, and this causes greater friction between them.
QRSent-10220
{ "effect_prop": "friction", "cause_dir_str": "heavier", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Heavier objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "slid the shorter distance before stopping", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "pillow", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10202-2
Dana is looking at electrons, which are moving at higher energy levels. Because these electrons have more energy, in relation to the nucleus they are
{ "text": [ "closer", "farther" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Electrons at higher energy levels, which are farther from the nucleus, have more energy.
QRSent-10202
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "energy levels" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more energy", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "electrons", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10350-1
If John increases the concentration of reactants in his solution, what will happen to the rate of reaction?
{ "text": [ "it will become faster", "it will become slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When the concentration of reactants is higher, the reaction rate is faster.
QRSent-10350
{ "effect_prop": "reaction rate", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "reactant concentration" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "rate of reaction", "less_effect_prop": "rate of reaction", "less_cause_dir": "rate of reaction" }
QRQA-10244-3
Theo was removing resistors from a circuit. As the resistance increased due to his actions, the strength of the current
{ "text": [ "increased", "decreased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As the total resistance increases, the current strength decreases.
QRSent-10244
{ "effect_prop": "current strength", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "total resistance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "strength of the current", "less_effect_prop": "strength of the current", "less_cause_dir": "strength of the current" }
QRQA-10168-3-flip
If you apply not much force will an item accelerate
{ "text": [ "faster", "slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The greater the force that is applied to an object of a given mass, the more the object will accelerate.
QRSent-10168
{ "effect_prop": "acceleration", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "force" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "force", "more_effect_prop": "acceleration", "less_effect_prop": "acceleration", "less_cause_dir": "acceleration" }
QRQA-10191-5
Jan puts a gas into a huge container, and then the same amount of gas into a small container. The gas in the small container has space to move that is
{ "text": [ "lesser", "greater" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When a gas is squeezed into a smaller volume, the particles have less space to move.
QRSent-10191
{ "effect_prop": "space to move", "cause_dir_str": "smaller", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "volume" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "lesser", "less_cause_prop": "container", "more_effect_prop": "space to move", "less_effect_prop": "space to move", "less_cause_dir": "space to move" }
QRQA-10347-3-flip
If Kevin slid a frying pan across the table and then slid an orange across the table, which object would slide the shorter distance?
{ "text": [ "frying pan", "orange" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Heavier objects also have more friction because they press together with greater force.
QRSent-10347
{ "effect_prop": "friction", "cause_dir_str": "heavier", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Heavier objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "shorter", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "orange", "more_effect_prop": "distance", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10139-3
If Mona turns her radio up and increases the size of the crests of the soundwave it is producing, what happens to the amplitude of that wave?
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The higher the crests are, the greater the amplitude of the wave.
QRSent-10139
{ "effect_prop": "amplitude of the wave", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "higher the crests" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "Soundwave", "less_effect_prop": "Soundwave", "less_cause_dir": "Soundwave" }
QRQA-10293-1-flip
As a planet moves farther from Earth, it will exert a _____ pull of gravity.
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Even though the Sun is much larger than the Moon, the pull of the Suns gravity is much less because the Sun is much farther away.
QRSent-10293
{ "effect_prop": "pull of gravity", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "distance from Earth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "Higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "pull", "less_effect_prop": "pull", "less_cause_dir": "pull" }
QRQA-10052-3
If Milo is travelling underground and he moves deeper into the Earth, what happens to the pressure around him?
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Pressure: Pressure increases with depth, but increased pressure raises the melting temperature, so melting of rock is less likely to occur at higher pressures.
QRSent-10052
{ "effect_prop": "Pressure", "cause_dir_str": "with", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "depth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "pressure", "less_effect_prop": "pressure", "less_cause_dir": "pressure" }
QRQA-10219-2
An _____ pulse rate is a sign of less oxygen to cells.
{ "text": [ "increased", "decreased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
This causes the delivery of less oxygen to the cells, and this stimulates the heart rate via adrenalin, so that pulse rate increases in an effort to deliver enough oxygen to cells.
QRSent-10219
{ "effect_prop": "pulse rate", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "oxygen to cells" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "Less", "less_effect_dir": "More", "less_cause_prop": "Pulse", "more_effect_prop": "Oxygen", "less_effect_prop": "Oxygen", "less_cause_dir": "Oxygen" }
QRQA-10103-1-flip
After pouring a bottle of non-acidic tea into a glass of water, should the solution have
{ "text": [ "lower pH", "higher pH?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Lower pH numbers are more acidic and higher numbers are less acidic (also called more alkaline).
QRSent-10103
{ "effect_prop": "acidity", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "pH numbers" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "non-acidic", "less_cause_prop": "pH", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "tea", "less_cause_dir": "tea" }
QRQA-10169-2
Milo lives in a small city, but the city has recently begun to experience an influx of people moving to it. As people move there and demand for water increases, what happens to the availability of water in Milo's city?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The availability of water is projected to get worse as demand increases.
QRSent-10169
{ "effect_prop": "availability of water", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "worse", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "demand" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "availability", "less_effect_prop": "availability", "less_cause_dir": "availability" }
QRQA-10381-1-flip
Josh is an electrician. If he subtracts a resistor to a circuit, the resistance in the circuit will become
{ "text": [ "stronger", "weaker." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Increasing the number of resistors connected in parallel decreases the overall resistance of the circuit.
QRSent-10381
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "resistors" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "stronger", "less_effect_dir": "weaker", "less_cause_prop": "resistor", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10148-3
If there were more land in the Southern Hemisphere, there would likely be _____ trash buildup in the oceans.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The Southern Hemisphere has less trash buildup in the oceans because less of the region is continent.
QRSent-10148
{ "effect_prop": "trash buildup in the oceans", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "continental regions in a hemisphere" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "trash buildup in the oceans", "less_effect_prop": "trash buildup in the oceans", "less_cause_dir": "trash buildup in the oceans" }
QRQA-10244-4
If Mona is building an electrical device and she increases the total resistance of it, what happens to the current strength?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As the total resistance increases, the current strength decreases.
QRSent-10244
{ "effect_prop": "current strength", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "total resistance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "current strength", "less_effect_prop": "current strength", "less_cause_dir": "current strength" }
QRQA-10226-3
If Mona is driving her car and she begins to accelerate, what happens to the car's kinetic energy?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Anything that is moving has kinetic energy, and the faster it is moving, the more kinetic energy it has.
QRSent-10226
{ "effect_prop": "kinetic energy it has", "cause_dir_str": "faster", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "faster it is moving" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "kinetic energy", "less_effect_prop": "kinetic energy", "less_cause_dir": "kinetic energy" }
QRQA-10155-4
If Milo has asthma and moves to the city, what can happen to his asthma?
{ "text": [ "gets worse", "gets better" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Certain respiratory conditions can be made worse in people who live closer to or in large cites.
QRSent-10155
{ "effect_prop": "respiratory conditions", "cause_dir_str": "large", "effect_dir_str": "worse", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "large cites" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "gets worse", "less_effect_dir": "gets better", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "asthma", "less_effect_prop": "asthma", "less_cause_dir": "asthma" }
QRQA-10214-2
What would happen to the amount of carbon dioxide emitted if the amount of fossil fuels were decreased?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The carbon taxes encourage people to use less fossil fuel, which reduces carbon dioxide emissions.
QRSent-10214
{ "effect_prop": "carbon dioxide emissions", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "reduces", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "fossil fuel" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "amount of fossil fuels", "more_effect_prop": "amount of carbon dioxide emitted", "less_effect_prop": "amount of carbon dioxide emitted", "less_cause_dir": "amount of carbon dioxide emitted" }
QRQA-10179-1
Jim is moving continents around on a map using the Mercator projection. What will happen to the size of a continent if he moves it closer to the North Pole?
{ "text": [ "it will become larger", "it will become smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In a Mercator projection, because Greenland is closer to the pole, the continents shape and size are greatly increased.
QRSent-10179
{ "effect_prop": "size of continent", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "increased", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "proximity to a pole" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "continent", "less_effect_prop": "continent", "less_cause_dir": "continent" }
QRQA-10071-1-flip
A photon with more energy than another will also have a _____ frequency.
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The higher the frequency is, the more energy a photon has.
QRSent-10071
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "frequency of a proton" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "photon", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10129-5-flip
If Jim is performing experiments on plants and he manages to decrease the rate of photosynthesis in those plants, what happens to the amount of stored glucose inside the plants?
{ "text": [ "it increases", "it decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As photosynthesis increases, the amount of stored glucose in the guard cells increases.
QRSent-10129
{ "effect_prop": "stored glucose", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "photosynthesis" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "the rate of photosynthesis", "more_effect_prop": "stored glucose", "less_effect_prop": "stored glucose", "less_cause_dir": "stored glucose" }
QRQA-10212-3
Eric saw a shell of a snail that was very rare in fossil form. Compared to one that is more common, the rare snail has a shell that is _____ hard.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Hard shells fossilize more readily than soft bodied organisms, as they are better at resisting decay, take significantly longer to break down, and have a greater chance of surviving burial under layers of sediment.
QRSent-10212
{ "effect_prop": "fossilize more readily", "cause_dir_str": "hard", "effect_dir_str": "more readily", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "hard shells" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more common", "less_effect_dir": "very rare", "less_cause_prop": "hard", "more_effect_prop": "fossil form", "less_effect_prop": "fossil form", "less_cause_dir": "fossil form" }
QRQA-10067-1
Which two objects likely have the greatest gravitational force between them?
{ "text": [ "Earth and Neptune", "Jupiter and Neptune" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
This is because the gravitational force of attraction between the Earth and Sun is stronger when the Earth is closer to the Sun.
QRSent-10067
{ "effect_prop": "Distance between objects", "cause_dir_str": "stronger", "effect_dir_str": "closer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "Gravitational force" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "Earth and Neptune", "less_effect_prop": "Jupiter and Neptune", "less_cause_dir": "Jupiter and Neptune" }
QRQA-10180-4-flip
Keely had just run a mile and was now running faster to _____ _____.
{ "text": [ "warm up", "cool down" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When particles move more slowly, temperature is lower and an object feels cooler.
QRSent-10180
{ "effect_prop": "Temperatures", "cause_dir_str": "more slowly", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "Slower message cement" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "warm up", "less_effect_dir": "cool down", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_cause_dir": "temperature" }
QRQA-10097-3
Harry used a piece of glass to focus the Sun's rays. What can you say about the beam of light created?
{ "text": [ "it has more energy", "it has less energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more focused the Suns rays are, the more energy an area receives and the warmer it is.
QRSent-10097
{ "effect_prop": "energy received", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "focus of the sun's rays" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10273-4-flip
Will has a simulation with exponential death. As the population in his model decreases, the growth rate also
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
With exponential growth, the population starts out growing slowly. As population size increases, the growth rate also increases.
QRSent-10273
{ "effect_prop": "growth rate", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "population size with exponential growth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "More", "less_cause_prop": "Death", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "Death", "less_cause_dir": "Death" }
QRQA-10308-5-flip
If Milo is using an electromagnet to lift a car and he wants to decrease the strength of it, what should he do to the current?
{ "text": [ "decrease it", "increase it" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
If the current passing through the circuit breaker increases, the electromagnet becomes stronger.
QRSent-10308
{ "effect_prop": "electromagnet becomes stronger", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "current" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "current", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "electromagnet strength", "less_cause_dir": "electromagnet strength" }
QRQA-10299-5-flip
Will's spaceship flew further and further from the sun. The temperature _____ over time.
{ "text": [ "increased", "dropped" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The stratosphere gets most of its heat from the Sun. Therefore, its warmer closer to the Sun.
QRSent-10299
{ "effect_prop": "closer to the sun", "cause_dir_str": "warmer", "effect_dir_str": "closer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "heat from the sun" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "further from", "less_cause_prop": "temperature", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "sun", "less_cause_dir": "sun" }
QRQA-10202-2-flip
Dana is looking at electrons, which are moving at lower energy levels. Because these electrons have less energy, in relation to the nucleus they are
{ "text": [ "closer", "farther" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Electrons at higher energy levels, which are farther from the nucleus, have more energy.
QRSent-10202
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "energy levels" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "energy levels", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10379-4-flip
Mary walked farther from Paul. The force of magnetic attraction between them
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The smaller the distance between the objects, the greater the force of magnetic attraction.
QRSent-10379
{ "effect_prop": "force of magnetic attraction", "cause_dir_str": "smaller", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "walked", "more_effect_prop": "force of magnetic attraction", "less_effect_prop": "force of magnetic attraction", "less_cause_dir": "force of magnetic attraction" }
QRQA-10220-2
Dan falls from a single stair one day, then the next day falls down three stairs at once. After falling down three stairs, compared to just the one, Dan will experience
{ "text": [ "greater friction", "less friction" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Heavier objects press together with greater force, and this causes greater friction between them.
QRSent-10220
{ "effect_prop": "friction", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "force" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "stair", "more_effect_prop": "friction", "less_effect_prop": "friction", "less_cause_dir": "friction" }
QRQA-10179-4
Sarah is traveling, and notices that continents get larger when they are where in relation to the pole
{ "text": [ "closer", "further" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In a Mercator projection, because Greenland is closer to the pole, the continents shape and size are greatly increased.
QRSent-10179
{ "effect_prop": "size", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "increased", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "close to pole" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "distance", "more_effect_prop": "continent", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10288-4-flip
_____ boiling and melting points are a result of alkanes with less carbon atoms.
{ "text": [ "Higher or", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Alkanes with more carbon atoms generally have higher boiling and melting points.
QRSent-10288
{ "effect_prop": "boiling and melting points", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "atoms" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "atoms", "more_effect_prop": "boiling points", "less_effect_prop": "boiling points", "less_cause_dir": "boiling points" }
QRQA-10361-5-flip
If Mona moves her index finger farther from her eyes, what happens to the amount of position change her eye experiences?
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The closer your finger is to your eyes, the greater the position changes because of parallax.
QRSent-10361
{ "effect_prop": "position changes", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "closer your finger" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "index finger", "more_effect_prop": "amount of position change", "less_effect_prop": "amount of position change", "less_cause_dir": "amount of position change" }
QRQA-10214-3-flip
The government of Canada is considering implementing less carbon taxes across the country. If these taxes were implemented, the amount of carbon dioxide emissions in the country would be expected to
{ "text": [ "fall", "rise" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The carbon taxes encourage people to use less fossil fuel, which reduces carbon dioxide emissions.
QRSent-10214
{ "effect_prop": "carbon dioxide emissions", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "reduces", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "carbon taxes" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "rise", "less_effect_dir": "fall", "less_cause_prop": "carbon taxes", "more_effect_prop": "carbon dioxide emissions", "less_effect_prop": "carbon dioxide emissions", "less_cause_dir": "carbon dioxide emissions" }
QRQA-10148-4
If there is less land the trash levels will be
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The Southern Hemisphere has less trash buildup in the oceans because less of the region is continent.
QRSent-10148
{ "effect_prop": "trash buildup", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "land" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "land", "more_effect_prop": "trash levels", "less_effect_prop": "trash levels", "less_cause_dir": "trash levels" }
QRQA-10159-5
Mona lives in a city with poor access to food. If a city that has more money starts providing food to her city, what will happen to the death rate in Mona's city?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
With better food and less chance of disease, the death rate fell.
QRSent-10159
{ "effect_prop": "death rate", "cause_dir_str": "better", "effect_dir_str": "fell", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "better food" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "death rate", "less_effect_prop": "death rate", "less_cause_dir": "death rate" }
QRQA-10147-5
A star that is blue in color is usually
{ "text": [ "cold", "hot" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
But, in stars, the bluer the star, the hotter it is, and the redder it is, the older and colder it is.
QRSent-10147
{ "effect_prop": "heat", "cause_dir_str": "bluer", "effect_dir_str": "hotter", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "blue" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "hot", "less_effect_dir": "cold", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "star", "less_effect_prop": "star", "less_cause_dir": "star" }
QRQA-10234-4-flip
A man just turned 20 and is celebrating his Birthday. Compared to when the man becomes 80, he is now _____ likely to find out he has a disease/
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Many diseases become more common as people grow older.
QRSent-10234
{ "effect_prop": "diseases", "cause_dir_str": "older", "effect_dir_str": "more common", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "grow older" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more likely", "less_effect_dir": "less likely", "less_cause_prop": "man", "more_effect_prop": "disease", "less_effect_prop": "disease", "less_cause_dir": "disease" }
QRQA-10214-1-flip
An decrease in the use of fossil fuels will likely lead to _____ emissions of carbon dioxide.
{ "text": [ "lower", "higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The carbon taxes encourage people to use less fossil fuel, which reduces carbon dioxide emissions.
QRSent-10214
{ "effect_prop": "carbon dioxide emissions", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "reduces", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "use of fossil fuel" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "use", "more_effect_prop": "emissions", "less_effect_prop": "emissions", "less_cause_dir": "emissions" }
QRQA-10250-3-flip
People have _____ water in deserts than in forests.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Drier climates generally have less water for people to use.
QRSent-10250
{ "effect_prop": "water", "cause_dir_str": "drier", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "precipitation" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "water", "less_effect_prop": "water", "less_cause_dir": "water" }
QRQA-10236-2-flip
Milo uses an engine to produce energy at his job. If his engine starts producing less wasted output energy, what would happen to the efficiency of his system?
{ "text": [ "more efficient", "less efficient" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The greater the wasted output energy, the less efficient the system.
QRSent-10236
{ "effect_prop": "efficient the system", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "wasted output energy" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "wasted output energy", "more_effect_prop": "efficiency", "less_effect_prop": "efficiency", "less_cause_dir": "efficiency" }
QRQA-10037-4
If Milo starts rubbing two surfaces together slowly and then increases the speed, what happens to the amount of energy produced?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Friction causes the molecules on rubbing surfaces to move faster, so they have more energy. This gives them a higher temperature, and they feel warmer.
QRSent-10037
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "faster", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "rubbing surfaces" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "rubbing two surfaces together", "more_effect_prop": "energy produced", "less_effect_prop": "energy produced", "less_cause_dir": "energy produced" }
QRQA-10311-4
When you reach the bottom of the ocean it is nearly _____ because of the light levels
{ "text": [ "black", "white" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The deeper you go, the darker the water gets.
QRSent-10311
{ "effect_prop": "light", "cause_dir_str": "deeper", "effect_dir_str": "darker", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "depth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "white", "less_effect_dir": "black", "less_cause_prop": "ocean", "more_effect_prop": "light", "less_effect_prop": "light", "less_cause_dir": "light" }
QRQA-10373-1-flip
If Jim is heating water in a beaker and he decreases the temperature, what will happen to the rate of evaporation?
{ "text": [ "it will decrease", "it will increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The higher the temperature of the liquid, the faster it will evaporate.
QRSent-10373
{ "effect_prop": "rate of evaporation", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "liquid temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "temperature", "more_effect_prop": "rate of evaporation", "less_effect_prop": "rate of evaporation", "less_cause_dir": "rate of evaporation" }
QRQA-10258-5
Due to levels of friction which of these would be easier to push across the ground?
{ "text": [ "A 10 pound brick", "A 1000 pound block" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The faster or larger a moving object is, the greater is the fluid friction resisting its motion.
QRSent-10258
{ "effect_prop": "friction", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "size" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "easier", "less_cause_prop": "brick", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "push across the ground", "less_cause_dir": "push across the ground" }
QRQA-10325-5
When the oceans heat up it leads to
{ "text": [ "more weather", "less weather" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Adding more heat energy to Earths atmosphere also causes more extreme weather and changes in precipitation patterns.
QRSent-10325
{ "effect_prop": "weather", "cause_dir_str": "more heat", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "heat" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "weather", "less_effect_prop": "weather", "less_cause_dir": "weather" }
QRQA-10243-1
Dean and Bob are having a party. Since there will be a large number of people there, the amount of resources must be
{ "text": [ "small", "great" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
More people need more resources.
QRSent-10243
{ "effect_prop": "resources", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "people" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "great", "less_effect_dir": "small", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "amount of resources", "less_effect_prop": "amount of resources", "less_cause_dir": "amount of resources" }
QRQA-10095-5-flip
When Derek was in the hospital, his blood vessels had a smaller diameter than normal, which meant that his body was running
{ "text": [ "colder", "warmer" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Increasing the diameter of the blood vessels increases the amount of blood and heat that moves near the skins surface.
QRSent-10095
{ "effect_prop": "heat", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "diameter of blood vessels" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "warmer", "less_effect_dir": "colder", "less_cause_prop": "blood vessels", "more_effect_prop": "body", "less_effect_prop": "body", "less_cause_dir": "body" }
QRQA-10049-3-flip
Keith is showering, and is washing himself using a bar of soap, and then again with a loofah. Keith's skin will get worse exfoliation, due to the lesser friction, when he washes his body using the
{ "text": [ "soap", "loofah" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Friction is greater when objects have rougher surfaces or are heavier so they press together with greater force.
QRSent-10049
{ "effect_prop": "rough surfaces", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "rougher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "friction" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "loofah", "less_effect_dir": "soap", "less_cause_prop": "friction", "more_effect_prop": "exfoliation", "less_effect_prop": "exfoliation", "less_cause_dir": "exfoliation" }
QRQA-10191-1
Carlos transferred his gas to a tiny tube, and he knows that as the particles try to move, there will be movement that is
{ "text": [ "greater", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
When a gas is squeezed into a smaller volume, the particles have less space to move.
QRSent-10191
{ "effect_prop": "movement", "cause_dir_str": "smaller", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "volume" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "tube", "more_effect_prop": "movement", "less_effect_prop": "movement", "less_cause_dir": "movement" }
QRQA-10292-5-flip
Something that has a little hydroxide is a _____ base
{ "text": [ "weaker", "stronger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
A stronger base produces more hydroxide ions than a weaker base.
QRSent-10292
{ "effect_prop": "base", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "hydroxide" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "stronger", "less_effect_dir": "weaker", "less_cause_prop": "hydroxide", "more_effect_prop": "base", "less_effect_prop": "base", "less_cause_dir": "base" }
QRQA-10267-3
If one tree has smaller leaves then the other, which one will lose the least water vapour?
{ "text": [ "tree with smaller leaves", "tree with bigger leaves" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Leaves can have the following adaptations to reduce transpiration rate: Small or narrow leaves to reduce the surface area over which water vapour is lost
QRSent-10267
{ "effect_prop": "water vapour is lost", "cause_dir_str": "small or narrow", "effect_dir_str": "lost", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "leaves" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "Bigger", "less_effect_dir": "Smaller", "less_cause_prop": "Water", "more_effect_prop": "Leaves", "less_effect_prop": "Leaves", "less_cause_dir": "Leaves" }
QRQA-10379-3
If Mona is holding two rocks in her hands and she moves them closer together, what will happen to the force of magnetic attraction between the rocks?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The smaller the distance between the objects, the greater the force of magnetic attraction.
QRSent-10379
{ "effect_prop": "force of magnetic attraction", "cause_dir_str": "smaller", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance between the objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "rocks", "more_effect_prop": "force of magnetic attraction", "less_effect_prop": "force of magnetic attraction", "less_cause_dir": "force of magnetic attraction" }
QRQA-10364-1
The further the rubber in a slingshot is stretched, the _____ distance the rock travels.
{ "text": [ "lesser", "greater" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The farther the material is stretched or compressed, the greater the elastic force becomes.
QRSent-10364
{ "effect_prop": "compression", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "farther", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "force" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "farther", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "distance the rock travels", "more_effect_prop": "stretched or compressed", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10071-4-flip
A light with a very long wavelength has
{ "text": [ "high energy", "low energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The higher the frequency is, the more energy a photon has.
QRSent-10071
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "frequency" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "high", "less_effect_dir": "low", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10203-1-flip
If we half our use of nonrenewable resources, we will end up having _____ of them.
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Using less nonrenewable resources means that they will last longer.
QRSent-10203
{ "effect_prop": "nonrenewable resources available", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "use of nonrenewable resources" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "our use of nonrenewable resources", "more_effect_prop": "of them", "less_effect_prop": "of them", "less_cause_dir": "of them" }
QRQA-10287-3-flip
Shane sees two waterfalls; one made of hard stone, the other of soft rock. The waterfall with hard stone will have erosion that is, compared to the other,
{ "text": [ "greater", "lesser" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The water erodes the softer rock faster than the harder rock.
QRSent-10287
{ "effect_prop": "speedy erosion", "cause_dir_str": "softer", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "soft rock" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "lesser", "less_cause_prop": "stone", "more_effect_prop": "erosion", "less_effect_prop": "erosion", "less_cause_dir": "erosion" }
QRQA-10288-1-flip
An alkane with six carbon atoms should have a _____ melting point than an alkane with two carbon atoms
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Alkanes with more carbon atoms generally have higher boiling and melting points.
QRSent-10288
{ "effect_prop": "boiling and melting points", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "carbon atoms in an Alkane" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "carbon atoms", "more_effect_prop": "melting point", "less_effect_prop": "melting point", "less_cause_dir": "melting point" }
QRQA-10314-3
Dean was seeing how long the wavelengths were, and saw that they had great amplitudes. Dean concluded that these waves had energy that was
{ "text": [ "larger", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Waves with greater amplitudes or shorter wavelengths have more energy.
QRSent-10314
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "amplitude" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energ", "less_cause_dir": "energ" }
QRQA-10167-4-flip
john was working on a piece of wood. he found out that when the threads are farther apart, the amount of force needed is
{ "text": [ "More", "Less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Therefore, if the threads on a screw are closer together, you need to apply less force to penetrate the wood or other object.
QRSent-10167
{ "effect_prop": "force", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "distance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "force", "less_effect_prop": "force", "less_cause_dir": "force" }
QRQA-10103-2-flip
If Mona is adding chemicals to her swimming pool before the start of the summer and she raises the pH number of the water, what happens to the acidity of the swimming pool?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Lower pH numbers are more acidic and higher numbers are less acidic (also called more alkaline).
QRSent-10103
{ "effect_prop": "acidic", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "pH numbers" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "acidity", "less_effect_prop": "acidity", "less_cause_dir": "acidity" }