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QRQA-10202-1-flip
Jimbo was observing electrons with his microscope. He noticed some were close to the nucleus and some were far from the nucleus. Which electrons had less energy?
{ "text": [ "close to the nucleus", "far from the nucleus" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Electrons at higher energy levels, which are farther from the nucleus, have more energy.
QRSent-10202
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "farther from the nucleus" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "nucleus", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10243-2
Jan and Brad were able to feed themselves only spending ten dollars a day total. After they had their child, they had to spend fifteen dollars a day total, because their familial population had
{ "text": [ "shrank", "grown" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
More people need more resources.
QRSent-10243
{ "effect_prop": "resources", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "people" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "fifteen", "less_effect_dir": "ten", "less_cause_prop": "population", "more_effect_prop": "dollars", "less_effect_prop": "dollars", "less_cause_dir": "dollars" }
QRQA-10011-4-flip
Sean is working on a parallel circuit, and he wants the resistance to be high. In order to achieve this, Sean will, with the resistors
{ "text": [ "increase them", "decrease them" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
In a parallel circuit, the resistance decreases as more resistors are added in parallel.
QRSent-10011
{ "effect_prop": "resistors are added in parallel", "cause_dir_str": "decreases", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resistance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "parallel circuit resistors", "less_effect_prop": "parallel circuit resistors", "less_cause_dir": "parallel circuit resistors" }
QRQA-10339-1
Johnny is playing with his father's binoculars. What would happen to the field of view if he increased the magnification of the binoculars?
{ "text": [ "it would increase", "it would decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As the magnification increases, the field of view decreases.
QRSent-10339
{ "effect_prop": "field of view", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "magnification" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "field of view", "less_effect_prop": "field of view", "less_cause_dir": "field of view" }
QRQA-10325-1-flip
As the Earth's atmosphere cools down due to global warming, what will happen to the precipitation patterns?
{ "text": [ "they will become less variable", "they will become more variable" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Adding more heat energy to Earths atmosphere also causes more extreme weather and changes in precipitation patterns.
QRSent-10325
{ "effect_prop": "variability in precipitation patterns", "cause_dir_str": "more heat", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "atmospheric temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more variable", "less_effect_dir": "less variable", "less_cause_prop": "atmosphere", "more_effect_prop": "precipitation patterns", "less_effect_prop": "precipitation patterns", "less_cause_dir": "precipitation patterns" }
QRQA-10299-1
Jean noticed that during the summer months, that the earth was closer to the Sun, so she knew that there would be heat that was
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The stratosphere gets most of its heat from the Sun. Therefore, its warmer closer to the Sun.
QRSent-10299
{ "effect_prop": "closer to Sun", "cause_dir_str": "warmer", "effect_dir_str": "closer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "heat" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "closer", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "heat", "more_effect_prop": "Sun", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10339-3-flip
If Mona is looking through some binoculars and she adjusts the magnification to make it lesser, what happens to the field of view?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As the magnification increases, the field of view decreases.
QRSent-10339
{ "effect_prop": "field of view", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "magnification" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "magnification", "more_effect_prop": "field of view", "less_effect_prop": "field of view", "less_cause_dir": "field of view" }
QRQA-10361-5
If Mona moves her index finger closer to her eyes, what happens to the amount of position change her eye experiences?
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The closer your finger is to your eyes, the greater the position changes because of parallax.
QRSent-10361
{ "effect_prop": "position changes", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "closer your finger" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "amount of position change", "less_effect_prop": "amount of position change", "less_cause_dir": "amount of position change" }
QRQA-10020-2
If Milo traps gases in a large chamber after having them in a small chamber, what will happen to the rate of collisions between gas particles?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
This means the rate of diffusion is much slower in liquids than in gases, because the particles of a gas are further apart and collide much less.
QRSent-10020
{ "effect_prop": "collide", "cause_dir_str": "slower", "effect_dir_str": "much less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "particles of a gas are further apart" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "chamber", "more_effect_prop": "rate of collisions", "less_effect_prop": "rate of collisions", "less_cause_dir": "rate of collisions" }
QRQA-10220-5
James slid an anvil across the floor, then slid a pillow across the floor. Which object slid the greater distance before stopping?
{ "text": [ "anvil", "pillow" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Heavier objects press together with greater force, and this causes greater friction between them.
QRSent-10220
{ "effect_prop": "friction", "cause_dir_str": "heavier", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Heavier objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "slid the greater distance before stopping", "less_cause_prop": "pillow", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10203-5-flip
Rita used more nonrenewable resources. These resources will now last
{ "text": [ "longer", "not as long" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Using less nonrenewable resources means that they will last longer.
QRSent-10203
{ "effect_prop": "last longer", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "longer", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "nonrenewable resource using" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "longer", "less_effect_dir": "not as long", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10052-5
As you dive deeper into the trenches in the ocean what happens to the pressure?
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Pressure: Pressure increases with depth, but increased pressure raises the melting temperature, so melting of rock is less likely to occur at higher pressures.
QRSent-10052
{ "effect_prop": "pressure", "cause_dir_str": "with", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Depth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "pressure", "less_effect_prop": "pressure", "less_cause_dir": "pressure" }
QRQA-10339-3
If Mona is looking through some binoculars and she adjusts the magnification to make it greater, what happens to the field of view?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As the magnification increases, the field of view decreases.
QRSent-10339
{ "effect_prop": "field of view", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "magnification" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "field of view", "less_effect_prop": "field of view", "less_cause_dir": "field of view" }
QRQA-10244-1-flip
The more that Jane pulls on the rope, the strength of the rope
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As the total resistance increases, the current strength decreases.
QRSent-10244
{ "effect_prop": "strength", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "resistance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "strength of the rope", "less_effect_prop": "strength of the rope", "less_cause_dir": "strength of the rope" }
QRQA-10361-2
The parallax levels in a rifle scope wind up changing as we get closer to the target, in general they
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The closer your finger is to your eyes, the greater the position changes because of parallax.
QRSent-10361
{ "effect_prop": "parallax", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "we", "more_effect_prop": "parallax levels", "less_effect_prop": "parallax levels", "less_cause_dir": "parallax levels" }
QRQA-10067-3-flip
When you get farther to a star the gravity gets
{ "text": [ "Weaker", "Stronger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
This is because the gravitational force of attraction between the Earth and Sun is stronger when the Earth is closer to the Sun.
QRSent-10067
{ "effect_prop": "gravitational force", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "stronger", "less_effect_dir": "weaker", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "gravity", "less_effect_prop": "gravity", "less_cause_dir": "gravity" }
QRQA-10236-1
If Jim reduces the amount of energy that his HVAC system wastes, what happens to the efficiency of the system?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The greater the wasted output energy, the less efficient the system.
QRSent-10236
{ "effect_prop": "efficiency", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "amount of wasted energy" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "amount of energy", "more_effect_prop": "efficiency", "less_effect_prop": "efficiency", "less_cause_dir": "efficiency" }
QRQA-10074-4-flip
Dean switched away from using biofuel for his business even though the regular fuel burning creates _____ pollution and carbon dioxide.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The advantage to biofuels is that they burn more cleanly than fossil fuels. As a result, they create less pollution and less carbon dioxide.
QRSent-10074
{ "effect_prop": "pollution and carbon dioxide", "cause_dir_str": "more cleanly", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "burn cleanly than fossil fuels." }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10078-4
Will hit the ball with the bat. If he hit the ball with greater force, the ball will experience _____ acceleration.
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The greater the net force acting on the object, the greater its acceleration will be, but the mass of the object also affects its acceleration.
QRSent-10078
{ "effect_prop": "acceleration", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "net force acting on the object" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "acceleration", "less_effect_prop": "acceleration", "less_cause_dir": "acceleration" }
QRQA-10067-3
When you get closer to a star the gravity gets
{ "text": [ "Weaker", "Stronger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
This is because the gravitational force of attraction between the Earth and Sun is stronger when the Earth is closer to the Sun.
QRSent-10067
{ "effect_prop": "gravitational force", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "stronger", "less_effect_dir": "weaker", "less_cause_prop": "distance", "more_effect_prop": "gravity", "less_effect_prop": "gravity", "less_cause_dir": "gravity" }
QRQA-10029-1
Would a sudden cold spell that doubled the size of glaciers
{ "text": [ "increase sea level", "decrease sea level?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
An increase in glaciers lowers sea level and a decrease in glaciers raises sea level.
QRSent-10029
{ "effect_prop": "sea level", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "lowers", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "glaciers" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "sea level", "less_effect_prop": "sea level", "less_cause_dir": "sea level" }
QRQA-10350-2
If Mona is creating a chemical reaction in her lab and she increases the concentration of reactants, what will happen to the reaction rate?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When the concentration of reactants is higher, the reaction rate is faster.
QRSent-10350
{ "effect_prop": "reaction rate", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "concentration of reactants" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "reaction rate", "less_effect_prop": "reaction rate", "less_cause_dir": "reaction rate" }
QRQA-10097-2-flip
If you defocus the sun's rays with a lens they are
{ "text": [ "weaker", "stronger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more focused the Suns rays are, the more energy an area receives and the warmer it is.
QRSent-10097
{ "effect_prop": "power", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "focus" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "stronger", "less_effect_dir": "weaker", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "rays", "less_effect_prop": "rays", "less_cause_dir": "rays" }
QRQA-10168-2-flip
Kyle kicked a ball across the field. If he kicked it softer it will accelerate
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The greater the force that is applied to an object of a given mass, the more the object will accelerate.
QRSent-10168
{ "effect_prop": "object will accelerate", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "force applied to object" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "kicked", "more_effect_prop": "accelerate", "less_effect_prop": "accelerate", "less_cause_dir": "accelerate" }
QRQA-10324-2
If we double the magnification of our microscope, we will see _____ tiny creatures.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
What this means is that at higher magnification, we are able to see objects of smaller and smaller size within our field of view.
QRSent-10324
{ "effect_prop": "small objects seen", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "able", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "magnification" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "tiny creatures seen", "less_effect_prop": "tiny creatures seen", "less_cause_dir": "tiny creatures seen" }
QRQA-10188-2
Will turns up the decibels on his laptop. The sounds become
{ "text": [ "quieter", "louder" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As decibel levels get higher, sound waves have greater intensity and sounds are louder.
QRSent-10188
{ "effect_prop": "intensity and sounds", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "decibel levels" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "louder", "less_effect_dir": "quieter", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "sounds", "less_effect_prop": "sounds", "less_cause_dir": "sounds" }
QRQA-10103-2
If Mona is adding chemicals to her swimming pool before the start of the summer and she lowers the pH number of the water, what happens to the acidity of the swimming pool?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Lower pH numbers are more acidic and higher numbers are less acidic (also called more alkaline).
QRSent-10103
{ "effect_prop": "acidic", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "pH numbers" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "pH number", "more_effect_prop": "acidity", "less_effect_prop": "acidity", "less_cause_dir": "acidity" }
QRQA-10373-2-flip
If Mona takes a pot of water off of the stove and it begins to cool down, what happens to the rate of evaporation of that water?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The higher the temperature of the liquid, the faster it will evaporate.
QRSent-10373
{ "effect_prop": "evaporate", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperature of the liquid" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "water", "more_effect_prop": "rate of evaporation", "less_effect_prop": "rate of evaporation", "less_cause_dir": "rate of evaporation" }
QRQA-10254-5
Ian has a model of early Earth in the oven. He increases the convection of the oven, making the plate tectonics
{ "text": [ "faster", "slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Convection on early Earth was faster and so plate tectonics was faster.
QRSent-10254
{ "effect_prop": "faster plate tectonics", "cause_dir_str": "faster", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "faster convection on early earth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "plate tectonics", "less_effect_prop": "plate tectonics", "less_cause_dir": "plate tectonics" }
QRQA-10330-2
If Mona is trying to remove electrons from atoms will she have to use more energy on a large or a small atom?
{ "text": [ "large atom", "small atom" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Less energy is also needed to remove electrons from larger atoms in the same group of the periodic table.
QRSent-10330
{ "effect_prop": "energy is also needed to remove electrons", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "atoms" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "electrons from atoms", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10147-3-flip
Chris was looking at some stars through a very large telescope. He noticed two stars. The first was a dull blue. The second was a darker blue. Compared to the bluer star, the star that is duller would be
{ "text": [ "colder", "hotter?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
But, in stars, the bluer the star, the hotter it is, and the redder it is, the older and colder it is.
QRSent-10147
{ "effect_prop": "hotter", "cause_dir_str": "bluer", "effect_dir_str": "hotter", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "bluer" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "hotter", "less_effect_dir": "colder", "less_cause_prop": "star", "more_effect_prop": "star", "less_effect_prop": "star", "less_cause_dir": "star" }
QRQA-10397-1
If Mary is performing an experiment and she increases the frequency of her electromagnetic wave, what happens to the energy it produces?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The higher the frequency of an electromagnetic wave, the greater its energy.
QRSent-10397
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "frequency of an electromagnetic wave" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10292-1-flip
If Jim decreases the size of his base, what will happen to the rate of hydroxide ion production?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
A stronger base produces more hydroxide ions than a weaker base.
QRSent-10292
{ "effect_prop": "hydroxide ion production", "cause_dir_str": "stronger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "base" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "base", "more_effect_prop": "hydroxide ion production", "less_effect_prop": "hydroxide ion production", "less_cause_dir": "hydroxide ion production" }
QRQA-10267-1-flip
Ron bought a tree with wide leaves. These areas have a larger surface area so _____ water vapour is lost.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Leaves can have the following adaptations to reduce transpiration rate: Small or narrow leaves to reduce the surface area over which water vapour is lost
QRSent-10267
{ "effect_prop": "surface area over which water vapour is lost", "cause_dir_str": "narrow", "effect_dir_str": "reduce", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "narrow leaves" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "leaves", "more_effect_prop": "water vapor is lost", "less_effect_prop": "water vapor is lost", "less_cause_dir": "water vapor is lost" }
QRQA-10155-1-flip
If a person moved toward a large city, their respiratory condition would likely become
{ "text": [ "worse", "better" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Certain respiratory conditions can be made worse in people who live closer to or in large cites.
QRSent-10155
{ "effect_prop": "respiratory condition problems", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "worse", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "proximity to large cities" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "worse", "less_effect_dir": "better", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "respiratory condition", "less_effect_prop": "respiratory condition", "less_cause_dir": "respiratory condition" }
QRQA-10282-2
Jane was looking at different objects through her microscope. If she decided to make the convex lens in the microscope more curved, what would happen to the microscope's ability to magnify objects?
{ "text": [ "it would decrease", "it would increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more curved the convex lens is in a magnifying glass, the greater its ability to magnify objects.
QRSent-10282
{ "effect_prop": "ability to magnify", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "curved the convex lens" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "microscope's ability to magnify", "less_effect_prop": "microscope's ability to magnify", "less_cause_dir": "microscope's ability to magnify" }
QRQA-10154-5-flip
If Milo gets cold from being outside and his metabolism rate goes down, what happens to his body heat levels?
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
For example, on a cold day, an endotherm may produce more body heat by increasing its rate of metabolism.
QRSent-10154
{ "effect_prop": "body heat", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "rate of metabolism" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "metabolism rate", "more_effect_prop": "body heat levelsbody heat levels", "less_effect_prop": "body heat levels", "less_cause_dir": "body heat levels" }
QRQA-10044-5
More energy going out of an amplifier to speakers makes the speakers
{ "text": [ "quieter", "louder" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Amplified sound waves have more energy, which increases the intensity and loudness of the sounds, so they are easier to hear.
QRSent-10044
{ "effect_prop": "loudness", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "energy" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "louder", "less_effect_dir": "quieter", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "speakers", "less_effect_prop": "speakers", "less_cause_dir": "speakers" }
QRQA-10103-5-flip
When we test something with a litmus test and the number is high it is
{ "text": [ "acidic", "basic" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Lower pH numbers are more acidic and higher numbers are less acidic (also called more alkaline).
QRSent-10103
{ "effect_prop": "acid", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "ph numbers" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "acidic", "less_effect_dir": "basic", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "something", "less_effect_prop": "something", "less_cause_dir": "something" }
QRQA-10071-1
A photon with less energy than another will also have a _____ frequency.
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The higher the frequency is, the more energy a photon has.
QRSent-10071
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "frequency of a proton" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "photon", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10381-2
If Milo is creating a circuit and he increases the amount of parallel resistors he uses to make it, would the overall resistance of the circuit
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Increasing the number of resistors connected in parallel decreases the overall resistance of the circuit.
QRSent-10381
{ "effect_prop": "overall resistance of the circuit", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "resistors connected in parallel" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10293-4-flip
If the Sun were closer to the Earth than the Moon, which body's gravity would have less influence on Earth?
{ "text": [ "Moon", "Sun" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Even though the Sun is much larger than the Moon, the pull of the Suns gravity is much less because the Sun is much farther away.
QRSent-10293
{ "effect_prop": "gravity", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "distance from a body" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "gravity with less influence", "less_cause_prop": "Sun", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "Earth", "less_cause_dir": "Earth" }
QRQA-10223-2-flip
If something has a pH value of 10 it would be
{ "text": [ "acidic", "basic" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The lower the pH value is, the greater is the concentration of hydrogen ions and the stronger the acid.
QRSent-10223
{ "effect_prop": "acidic", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "pH value" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "acidic", "less_effect_dir": "basic", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10202-4
Joan is examining an electron 100nm from the nucleus and an electron 50nm from the nucleus. Which has more energy?
{ "text": [ "the 50nm electron", "the 100nm electron" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Electrons at higher energy levels, which are farther from the nucleus, have more energy.
QRSent-10202
{ "effect_prop": "more energy", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance from the nucleus" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "nucleus", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10078-5
John was watching the objects and noticing their reactions in the physics simulator. He observed that the larger net force moving the object, that the acceleration would be
{ "text": [ "Greater", "Lesser" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The greater the net force acting on the object, the greater its acceleration will be, but the mass of the object also affects its acceleration.
QRSent-10078
{ "effect_prop": "acceleration", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "net force" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "Greater", "less_effect_dir": "Lesser", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "acceleration", "less_effect_prop": "acceleration", "less_cause_dir": "acceleration" }
QRQA-10054-5-flip
Rich has a rock from 1000 feet below the crust of the Earth, and he compares it to a rock on his driveway. Which rock is likely younger?
{ "text": [ "the 1000 foot rock", "the driveway rock" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Older layers are deeper in the Earth, younger layers are closer to the surface.
QRSent-10054
{ "effect_prop": "Older layers", "cause_dir_str": "deeper", "effect_dir_str": "older", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "deeper in the Earth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "younger", "less_cause_prop": "rock", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "rock", "less_cause_dir": "rock" }
QRQA-10364-4
What happens to the amount of elastic force contained in Jim's rubber band if he compresses it?
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The farther the material is stretched or compressed, the greater the elastic force becomes.
QRSent-10364
{ "effect_prop": "elastic force", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "compressed" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "elastic force", "less_effect_prop": "elastic force", "less_cause_dir": "elastic force" }
QRQA-10212-2-flip
Dan is looking at shells that will be bad candidates for fossilization. He chooses the shells that are
{ "text": [ "softer", "harder" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Hard shells fossilize more readily than soft bodied organisms, as they are better at resisting decay, take significantly longer to break down, and have a greater chance of surviving burial under layers of sediment.
QRSent-10212
{ "effect_prop": "hard", "cause_dir_str": "more readily", "effect_dir_str": "hard", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "fossilizing" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "harder", "less_effect_dir": "softer", "less_cause_prop": "shells", "more_effect_prop": "shells", "less_effect_prop": "shells", "less_cause_dir": "shells" }
QRQA-10314-2
john was testing the meter and noticed that waves with greater amplitudes or shorter wavelengths have an energy level that is
{ "text": [ "More", "Less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Waves with greater amplitudes or shorter wavelengths have more energy.
QRSent-10314
{ "effect_prop": "wavelengths", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "shorter", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "waves" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "shorter", "less_cause_prop": "energy level", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "wavelengths", "less_cause_dir": "wavelengths" }
QRQA-10288-4
_____ boiling and melting points are a result of alkanes with more carbon atoms.
{ "text": [ "Higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Alkanes with more carbon atoms generally have higher boiling and melting points.
QRSent-10288
{ "effect_prop": "boiling and melting points", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "atoms" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "boiling points", "less_effect_prop": "boiling points", "less_cause_dir": "boiling points" }
QRQA-10045-2
In diffusion, the heavier particles move
{ "text": [ "faster", "slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The mass of the particles: lighter particles will diffuse faster, because on average they move faster.
QRSent-10045
{ "effect_prop": "speed", "cause_dir_str": "lighter", "effect_dir_str": "mass", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "particle mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "move", "less_effect_prop": "move", "less_cause_dir": "move" }
QRQA-10147-5-flip
A star that is red in color is usually
{ "text": [ "cold", "hot" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
But, in stars, the bluer the star, the hotter it is, and the redder it is, the older and colder it is.
QRSent-10147
{ "effect_prop": "heat", "cause_dir_str": "bluer", "effect_dir_str": "hotter", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "blue" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "hot", "less_effect_dir": "cold", "less_cause_prop": "star", "more_effect_prop": "star", "less_effect_prop": "star", "less_cause_dir": "star" }
QRQA-10203-3-flip
If no one used single use plastic the waste would
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Using less nonrenewable resources means that they will last longer.
QRSent-10203
{ "effect_prop": "waste", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "longer", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "renewable resources" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "waste", "less_effect_prop": "waste", "less_cause_dir": "waste" }
QRQA-10276-1-flip
If John was applying cleaning chemicals to his car would the chemicals react _____ if he were to cover a greater section of the car's exterior?
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Surface Area of Reactants When a solid substance is involved in a chemical reaction, only the matter at the surface of the solid is exposed to other reactants. If a solid has more surface area, more of it is exposed and able to react.
QRSent-10276
{ "effect_prop": "ability to react to chemicals", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "surface area" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "chemicals react", "less_effect_prop": "chemicals react", "less_cause_dir": "chemicals react" }
QRQA-10070-3
Jimbo decided to take a hot air balloon ride. As the balloon rose higher into the air, what would happen to the temperature?
{ "text": [ "it would increase", "it would decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
In the troposphere, temperatures decrease as altitude increases.
QRSent-10070
{ "effect_prop": "temperatures", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "decrease", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "altitude" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_cause_dir": "temperature" }
QRQA-10244-5-flip
Larry needs to increase the current strength of the electricity running through his plant. He should _____ the total resistance of the electromagnetism.
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As the total resistance increases, the current strength decreases.
QRSent-10244
{ "effect_prop": "current strength", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "total resistance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "total resistance", "more_effect_prop": "current strength", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10220-4
When an item is heavier and is gliding across something it will have
{ "text": [ "less friction", "more friction" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Heavier objects press together with greater force, and this causes greater friction between them.
QRSent-10220
{ "effect_prop": "friction", "cause_dir_str": "heavier", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "weight" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "friction", "less_effect_prop": "friction", "less_cause_dir": "friction" }
QRQA-10214-4
When people were taxed heavily for smoking cigarettes the smoking level
{ "text": [ "increased", "decreased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The carbon taxes encourage people to use less fossil fuel, which reduces carbon dioxide emissions.
QRSent-10214
{ "effect_prop": "carbon dioxide emissions", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "reduces", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "taxes" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "smoking", "less_effect_prop": "smoking", "less_cause_dir": "smoking" }
QRQA-10234-3
When people get older they get
{ "text": [ "healthier", "sicker" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Many diseases become more common as people grow older.
QRSent-10234
{ "effect_prop": "diseases", "cause_dir_str": "older", "effect_dir_str": "more common", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "age" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "sicker", "less_effect_dir": "healthier", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "people", "less_effect_prop": "people", "less_cause_dir": "people" }
QRQA-10347-3
If Kevin slid a frying pan across the table and then slid an orange across the table, which object would slide the greater distance?
{ "text": [ "frying pan", "orange" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Heavier objects also have more friction because they press together with greater force.
QRSent-10347
{ "effect_prop": "friction", "cause_dir_str": "heavier", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Heavier objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "greater", "less_cause_prop": "orange", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "distance", "less_cause_dir": "distance" }
QRQA-10291-5
When you keep adding positive items to an atom what happens to the electromagnetic force?
{ "text": [ "Increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As more protons are added to the nucleus, the electromagnetic force of repulsion between them gets stronger, while the strong nuclear force of attraction between them gets weaker.
QRSent-10291
{ "effect_prop": "electromagnetic force", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "protons" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "Increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "electromagnetic force", "less_effect_prop": "electromagnetic force", "less_cause_dir": "electromagnetic force" }
QRQA-10273-3-flip
Exponential growth of a population of animals means it
{ "text": [ "increases", "diminishes" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
With exponential growth, the population starts out growing slowly. As population size increases, the growth rate also increases.
QRSent-10273
{ "effect_prop": "growth rate", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "exponential growth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "growth", "more_effect_prop": "growth rate", "less_effect_prop": "growth rate", "less_cause_dir": "growth rate" }
QRQA-10234-1
Wendy is 30 years old while Jefferson is 60 years old. Who is more susceptible to disease?
{ "text": [ "Wendy", "Jefferson" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Many diseases become more common as people grow older.
QRSent-10234
{ "effect_prop": "common diseases", "cause_dir_str": "older", "effect_dir_str": "more common", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "older people" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more susceptible", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "Wendy", "more_effect_prop": "disease", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10273-4
Will has a simulation with exponential growth. As the population in his model increases, the growth rate also
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
With exponential growth, the population starts out growing slowly. As population size increases, the growth rate also increases.
QRSent-10273
{ "effect_prop": "growth rate", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "population size with exponential growth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "Model", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "Increases", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10212-1-flip
Compared to a clam with its hard shell, would a jellyfish which is mostly water be
{ "text": [ "more likely to become a fossil", "less likely to become a fossil?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Hard shells fossilize more readily than soft bodied organisms, as they are better at resisting decay, take significantly longer to break down, and have a greater chance of surviving burial under layers of sediment.
QRSent-10212
{ "effect_prop": "likelihood of being preserved as a fossil", "cause_dir_str": "hard", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "hard shelled organisms" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more likely to become a fossil", "less_effect_dir": "less likely to become a fossil", "less_cause_prop": "jellyfish", "more_effect_prop": "jellyfish", "less_effect_prop": "jellyfish", "less_cause_dir": "jellyfish" }
QRQA-10097-5-flip
If Mona is standing in sunlight and she moves into the shade, what happens to the amount of sunlight her body receives?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more focused the Suns rays are, the more energy an area receives and the warmer it is.
QRSent-10097
{ "effect_prop": "energy an area receives", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "focused the Suns rays" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "shade", "more_effect_prop": "sunlight", "less_effect_prop": "sunlight", "less_cause_dir": "sunlight" }
QRQA-10203-4-flip
John was viewing the statistics of the power plants energy usage. He noted that the more resources it used, that the resources would last
{ "text": [ "Longer", "Shorter" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Using less nonrenewable resources means that they will last longer.
QRSent-10203
{ "effect_prop": "last", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "longer", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resources" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "longer", "less_effect_dir": "shorter", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "last", "less_effect_prop": "last", "less_cause_dir": "last" }
QRQA-10364-5-flip
Tina is putting on a sweater. As she stops stretching out the material, its elastic force
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The farther the material is stretched or compressed, the greater the elastic force becomes.
QRSent-10364
{ "effect_prop": "the elastic force becomes", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "farther the material is stretched" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "material", "more_effect_prop": "elastic force", "less_effect_prop": "elastic force", "less_cause_dir": "elastic force" }
QRQA-10044-2
Timmy turned up his speakers to high volume, meaning the sound waves had _____ energy.
{ "text": [ "lower", "higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Amplified sound waves have more energy, which increases the intensity and loudness of the sounds, so they are easier to hear.
QRSent-10044
{ "effect_prop": "Loudness", "cause_dir_str": "amplified", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Sound waves" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "louder", "less_effect_dir": "softer", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "it", "less_effect_prop": "it", "less_cause_dir": "it" }
QRQA-10103-3
Dane is checking the pH of his project and sees that it is quite low, which means that the acid in his project is
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Lower pH numbers are more acidic and higher numbers are less acidic (also called more alkaline).
QRSent-10103
{ "effect_prop": "acidic", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "pH numbers" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "pH", "more_effect_prop": "acid", "less_effect_prop": "acid", "less_cause_dir": "acid" }
QRQA-10324-4
Eric increases magnification of his telescope. He is able to see _____ stars.
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
What this means is that at higher magnification, we are able to see objects of smaller and smaller size within our field of view.
QRSent-10324
{ "effect_prop": "objects seen", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "smaller", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "magnification" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "stars", "less_effect_prop": "stars", "less_cause_dir": "stars" }
QRQA-10311-4-flip
After diving, when you reach the top of the ocean it is nearly _____ because of the light levels
{ "text": [ "black", "white" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The deeper you go, the darker the water gets.
QRSent-10311
{ "effect_prop": "light", "cause_dir_str": "deeper", "effect_dir_str": "darker", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "depth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "white", "less_effect_dir": "black", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "light", "less_effect_prop": "light", "less_cause_dir": "light" }
QRQA-10339-5-flip
Xavier is using a 2x microscope while Yania is using her eyes. Who has the smallest field of view?
{ "text": [ "Xavier", "Yania" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As the magnification increases, the field of view decreases.
QRSent-10339
{ "effect_prop": "field of view", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "magnification" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "smallest", "less_cause_prop": "eyes", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "field of view", "less_cause_dir": "field of view" }
QRQA-10350-5-flip
When we put less fire on a piece of food it will cook
{ "text": [ "slower", "faster" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When the concentration of reactants is higher, the reaction rate is faster.
QRSent-10350
{ "effect_prop": "time", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "reactants" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "cook faster", "less_effect_dir": "cook slower", "less_cause_prop": "fire", "more_effect_prop": "piece of food", "less_effect_prop": "piece of food", "less_cause_dir": "piece of food" }
QRQA-10350-2-flip
If Mona is creating a chemical reaction in her lab and she decreases the concentration of reactants, what will happen to the reaction rate?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
When the concentration of reactants is higher, the reaction rate is faster.
QRSent-10350
{ "effect_prop": "reaction rate", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "concentration of reactants" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "concentration of reaction", "more_effect_prop": "reaction rate", "less_effect_prop": "reaction rate", "less_cause_dir": "reaction rate" }
QRQA-10250-2
Allie lives in Phoenix and Tony lives in Seattle. Who likely would suffer a drought in their city?
{ "text": [ "Tony", "Allie" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Drier climates generally have less water for people to use.
QRSent-10250
{ "effect_prop": "water for people", "cause_dir_str": "drier", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "drier climate" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "more likely suffer a drought", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10074-2-flip
Ollie drives a car that doesn't use biofuels. It creates more pollution and therefore,
{ "text": [ "more carbon dioxide.", "less carbon dioxide" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The advantage to biofuels is that they burn more cleanly than fossil fuels. As a result, they create less pollution and less carbon dioxide.
QRSent-10074
{ "effect_prop": "carbon dioxide", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "pollution" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "carbon dioxide", "less_effect_prop": "carbon dioxide", "less_cause_dir": "carbon dioxide" }
QRQA-10199-2
If an object starts slowing down, it is encountering _____ friction against it.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The smoother the surface, the less friction against an object, so the faster it will move.
QRSent-10199
{ "effect_prop": "speed of the object", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "friction against an object" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "slowing down", "less_cause_prop": "friction", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "object", "less_cause_dir": "object" }
QRQA-10244-1
The less that Jane pulls on the rope, the strength of the rope
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As the total resistance increases, the current strength decreases.
QRSent-10244
{ "effect_prop": "strength", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "resistance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "Jane pulls", "more_effect_prop": "strength of the rope", "less_effect_prop": "strength of the rope", "less_cause_dir": "strength of the rope" }
QRQA-10212-3-flip
Eric saw a shell of a snail that was very common in fossil form. Compared to one that is more rare, the common snail has a shell that is _____ hard.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Hard shells fossilize more readily than soft bodied organisms, as they are better at resisting decay, take significantly longer to break down, and have a greater chance of surviving burial under layers of sediment.
QRSent-10212
{ "effect_prop": "fossilize more readily", "cause_dir_str": "hard", "effect_dir_str": "more readily", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "hard shells" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "common", "less_effect_dir": "rare", "less_cause_prop": "hard", "more_effect_prop": "fossil form", "less_effect_prop": "fossil form", "less_cause_dir": "fossil form" }
QRQA-10114-2
What would happen to the sharpness of the images in Jim's telescope if here increased the size of the mirrors inside of it?
{ "text": [ "become sharper", "become blurrier" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The larger a telescope's mirror or lens, the better it is at seeing narrowly separated objects as individual objects and the sharper the images look.
QRSent-10114
{ "effect_prop": "sharper the images look", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "sharper", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "larger a telescope's mirror" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "become sharper", "less_effect_dir": "become blurier", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "images", "less_effect_prop": "images", "less_cause_dir": "images" }
QRQA-10350-3-flip
Carmen is in class mixing solutions of reactants. The first solution has a very low concentration of reactants, while the second solutions concentration of reactants is higher. The reaction rate will be higher in the
{ "text": [ "first solution", "second solution" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
When the concentration of reactants is higher, the reaction rate is faster.
QRSent-10350
{ "effect_prop": "reaction rate", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "concentration of reactants" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "concentration of reactants", "more_effect_prop": "reaction rate", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10180-3-flip
A cold object indicates its particles are going
{ "text": [ "fast", "slow" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
When particles move more slowly, temperature is lower and an object feels cooler.
QRSent-10180
{ "effect_prop": "temperature of it", "cause_dir_str": "more slowly", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "speed of a particle" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "cold", "less_cause_prop": "particles", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "object", "less_cause_dir": "object" }
QRQA-10047-1
Jim is comparing two rivers. One has a steep slope and one has a shallow slope. Will the shallow slope or the steep slope provide greater water availability?
{ "text": [ "steep slope", "shallow slope" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
A gentle slope favours slower flow of surface water, reduces erosion, and increases availability of water to plants.
QRSent-10047
{ "effect_prop": "availability of water", "cause_dir_str": "gentle", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "slope" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "slope", "more_effect_prop": "water availability", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10078-4-flip
Will hit the ball with the bat. If he hit the ball with less force, the ball will experience _____ acceleration.
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The greater the net force acting on the object, the greater its acceleration will be, but the mass of the object also affects its acceleration.
QRSent-10078
{ "effect_prop": "acceleration", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "net force acting on the object" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "force", "more_effect_prop": "acceleration", "less_effect_prop": "acceleration", "less_cause_dir": "acceleration" }
QRQA-10304-4
Something that travels faster has more or less force
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The will travel faster and farther if the batter hits it with more force.
QRSent-10304
{ "effect_prop": "force", "cause_dir_str": "faster", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "speed" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "force", "less_effect_prop": "force", "less_cause_dir": "force" }
QRQA-10314-3-flip
Dean was seeing how long the wavelengths were, and saw that they had small amplitudes. Dean concluded that these waves had energy that was
{ "text": [ "larger", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Waves with greater amplitudes or shorter wavelengths have more energy.
QRSent-10314
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "amplitude" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "amplitude", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10188-5-flip
As we turn down the volume on a stereo that we are listening to the sound waves get
{ "text": [ "smaller", "larger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As decibel levels get higher, sound waves have greater intensity and sounds are louder.
QRSent-10188
{ "effect_prop": "sound intensity", "cause_dir_str": "louder", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "loudness" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "volume", "more_effect_prop": "sound waves", "less_effect_prop": "sound waves", "less_cause_dir": "sound waves" }
QRQA-10234-5
Ian celebrated his 80th birthday. He is now _____ likely to contract a disease.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Many diseases become more common as people grow older.
QRSent-10234
{ "effect_prop": "older people", "cause_dir_str": "more common", "effect_dir_str": "older", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "diseases" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "80th birthday", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "likely to contract a disease", "more_effect_prop": "Ian", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10188-2-flip
Will turns down the decibels on his laptop. The sounds become
{ "text": [ "quieter", "louder" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As decibel levels get higher, sound waves have greater intensity and sounds are louder.
QRSent-10188
{ "effect_prop": "intensity and sounds", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "decibel levels" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "louder", "less_effect_dir": "quieter", "less_cause_prop": "decibels", "more_effect_prop": "sounds", "less_effect_prop": "sounds", "less_cause_dir": "sounds" }
QRQA-10014-3
John is in the hospital due to losing too much blood. When he receives a blood transfusion, his blood pressure
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As blood volume in the body increases, blood pressure increases.
QRSent-10014
{ "effect_prop": "blood pressure", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "blood volume in the body" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "blood pressure", "less_effect_prop": "blood pressure", "less_cause_dir": "blood pressure" }
QRQA-10219-2-flip
An _____ pulse rate is a sign of more oxygen to cells.
{ "text": [ "increased", "decreased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
This causes the delivery of less oxygen to the cells, and this stimulates the heart rate via adrenalin, so that pulse rate increases in an effort to deliver enough oxygen to cells.
QRSent-10219
{ "effect_prop": "pulse rate", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "oxygen to cells" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "Less", "less_effect_dir": "More", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "Oxygen", "less_effect_prop": "Oxygen", "less_cause_dir": "Oxygen" }
QRQA-10196-1
When Mike has low blood pressure, Mike knows that the volume of his blood is
{ "text": [ "low", "high" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
This is because the lower blood volume in the vessels exerts less pressure on the vessel walls.
QRSent-10196
{ "effect_prop": "pressure", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "blood volume" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "low", "less_cause_prop": "volume of his blood", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "blood pressure", "less_cause_dir": "blood pressure" }
QRQA-10214-1
An increase in the use of fossil fuels will likely lead to _____ emissions of carbon dioxide.
{ "text": [ "lower", "higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The carbon taxes encourage people to use less fossil fuel, which reduces carbon dioxide emissions.
QRSent-10214
{ "effect_prop": "carbon dioxide emissions", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "reduces", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "use of fossil fuel" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "emissions", "less_effect_prop": "emissions", "less_cause_dir": "emissions" }
QRQA-10379-5-flip
When objects move closer together, their magnetic attraction will
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The smaller the distance between the objects, the greater the force of magnetic attraction.
QRSent-10379
{ "effect_prop": "magnetic attraction", "cause_dir_str": "smaller", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance between the objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "objects", "more_effect_prop": "magnetic attraction", "less_effect_prop": "magnetic attraction", "less_cause_dir": "magnetic attraction" }
QRQA-10379-1-flip
Dean held two magnets a few inches apart, and felt them pull at each other. He didn't feel a pull from the magnets when they were
{ "text": [ "further", "closer" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The smaller the distance between the objects, the greater the force of magnetic attraction.
QRSent-10379
{ "effect_prop": "magnetic attraction", "cause_dir_str": "smaller", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "felt them pull", "less_effect_dir": "further", "less_cause_prop": "magnets", "more_effect_prop": "pull", "less_effect_prop": "a pull", "less_cause_dir": "a pull" }
QRQA-10054-2-flip
Johnny was looking at the layers of rock at the bottom of the canyon. He observed that the younger layers are
{ "text": [ "Farther", "Closer" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Older layers are deeper in the Earth, younger layers are closer to the surface.
QRSent-10054
{ "effect_prop": "far", "cause_dir_str": "deeper", "effect_dir_str": "older", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "deep" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "Farther", "less_effect_dir": "Closer", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "layers of rock", "less_effect_prop": "layers of rock", "less_cause_dir": "layers of rock" }
QRQA-10159-1
Mike noticed that more people in his group were living longer, because the food they had was
{ "text": [ "better", "worse" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
With better food and less chance of disease, the death rate fell.
QRSent-10159
{ "effect_prop": "death rate", "cause_dir_str": "better", "effect_dir_str": "fell", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "food" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "living longer", "less_cause_prop": "food", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "people", "less_cause_dir": "people" }
QRQA-10047-4-flip
Katie has a garden and she installs a small waterfall. Since Katie sets the water to flow very swiftly over the sloping fall, the erosion at the bottom of the waterfall will be
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
A gentle slope favours slower flow of surface water, reduces erosion, and increases availability of water to plants.
QRSent-10047
{ "effect_prop": "erosion", "cause_dir_str": "slower", "effect_dir_str": "reduces", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "flow" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "erosion at the bottom of the waterfall", "less_effect_prop": "erosion at the bottom of the waterfall", "less_cause_dir": "erosion at the bottom of the waterfall" }
QRQA-10037-3-flip
Katie is rubbing her hands on her leg. One hand rubs fast, the other hand rubs slow. The hand that will be cooler in the end is the one that moves
{ "text": [ "faster", "slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Friction causes the molecules on rubbing surfaces to move faster, so they have more energy. This gives them a higher temperature, and they feel warmer.
QRSent-10037
{ "effect_prop": "warm", "cause_dir_str": "faster", "effect_dir_str": "warmer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "speed" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "cooler", "less_cause_prop": "moves", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "hand", "less_cause_dir": "hand" }