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ุทูุจ ุจู
ุง ูุชุนูู ุจู management ูู diabetes
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00:00:06,780 --> 00:00:13,900
patientsุ ูู ุนูุฏูุง ุงูู acute managementุ ูุนูู ููู
3
00:00:13,900 --> 00:00:19,940
ุงููู ูู ุงูู acute cases ู
ู
ูู
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00:00:19,940 --> 00:00:25,320
ููู ุนูุฏูุง ุงููู ูู ูู ุงูู chronic ุจุงููุณุจุฉ ูู
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00:00:25,320 --> 00:00:33,040
acuteุ ูู ุนูุฏูุง ู
ู ุงูู conditions ุงููู ู
ู
ูู
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00:00:33,040 --> 00:00:37,220
ูุตุงุจ ูููุง ุงููุงุณ ุงูู
ุตุงุจูู ุจุงูุณูุฑูุ ููู ุงูู
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00:00:37,220 --> 00:00:41,740
ketoacidosisุ ููู ุงูู hyperosmolar non-
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00:00:41,740 --> 00:00:46,540
ketotic comaุ ู hypoglycemia
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ุทุจุนูุง ุญุงูุงุช ู
ุฎุชููุฉ ูุฐูุ ุฃููุฏ ุงูู
ุฎุชุจุฑ ุจููุนุจ ุฏูุฑ ู
ูู
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00:00:52,410 --> 00:00:59,250
ูู ุงูู diagnosis ููุฐู ุงูุญุงูุงุช ุงูู
ุฎุชููุฉุ ูุฃููุฏ ุจุฑุถู
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00:00:59,250 --> 00:01:04,830
ูู ุฏูุฑ ู
ูู
ูู ุงูู
ุชุงุจุนุฉุ ูู
ุชุงุจุนุฉ ุงูุฃุฏููุฉ ุงููู ููุนุทุงูุง
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ููู
ุฑุถู ูู ูุฐู ุงูุญุงูุงุช ุงูุซูุงุซุฉุ ู
ู ุงููุญูุตุงุช ุงูู
ุฎุชููุฉ
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00:01:13,010 --> 00:01:20,220
ุงููู ุจุชุชู
ุ ุณูุงุก ุงููู ุทุจุนูุง ุจุฏุงูุฉ ุงูู diagnosisุ ูุชุญุฏูุฏ
14
00:01:20,220 --> 00:01:27,420
ุงูุนูุงุฌ ุงููุงุฒู
ุ ููุบุงูุฉ ุทุจุนูุง ู
ุง ูุตู ุงูู glucose
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concentration ุฅูู ุงูู range ุงูุทุจูุนูุฉ
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00:01:33,330 --> 00:01:37,670
ุนูุฏูุง ุงูู glucose in blood and urineุ ููุฐู ุงููุญูุตุงุช
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00:01:37,670 --> 00:01:41,050
ุงููู ุจุชุชู
ูููุง ุฃู ุงูู ketones ุจุฑุถู in blood and
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urineุ ุฃููุฏ ุงูู acid-base statusุ ุงูู pHุ ูุงูู
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00:01:45,650 --> 00:01:51,910
bicarbonate levelุ ุงูู lactateุ ูุฃูุถูุง ูุญูุตุงุช ุงููู ููุง
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00:01:51,910 --> 00:01:54,730
ุนูุงูุฉ ู
ู
ูู ุจู dehydration
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ุฃู ุงูู
ุชุนููุฉ ุจู Dialysis ุงูุณุงุจูุฉุ ุจุงูู
ุซุงู
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00:02:00,780 --> 00:02:07,360
ูู ุฃู ุงูุจูุชุงุณููู
ูุงูุตูุฏููู
ุ ูุงูููุณูุงุชุ ูุฃูุถูุง ุงูู
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00:02:07,360 --> 00:02:13,840
osmolalityุ ู
ู ูุฐู ุงููุญูุตุงุชุ ูู ุฃู ุงูู ketone bodies
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00:02:13,840 --> 00:02:18,600
development of ketosis requires changes in both
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adipose tissue and the liver. Primary substrate for
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00:02:26,520 --> 00:02:29,300
ketone body formation are free fatty acids from
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00:02:29,300 --> 00:02:39,480
adipose stores. ุทุจุนูุง ุงูู ketone bodies ุจุชูุชุฌุ ุจุชู
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00:02:39,480 --> 00:02:49,460
ุฅูุชุงุฌูุง ุทุจุนูุง ู
ู ุฎูุงู ุงูู lipolysisุ ุทุจุนูุง ูู ููุต ูู
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00:02:49,460 --> 00:02:56,850
ุงูู insulinุ ูุฃู ุงูู ketosis ูุนูู ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชุธูุฑ ุนูุฏ ุงููู
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00:02:56,850 --> 00:03:00,010
ูู ุงูู
ุฑุถู ุจุงูููุน ุงูุฃููุ ุงูู Type 1 diabetes mellitus
31
00:03:00,630 --> 00:03:05,450
ููุงุฏุฑูุง ู
ุง ูุดูู ูุงุณ ุนูุฏูู
ุงูู Type 2 diabetes
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00:03:05,450 --> 00:03:12,030
mellitus ูุนูุฏูู
ketosisุ ููุดุ ูุฃูู ุงููุงุณ ุงููู ูู
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00:03:12,030 --> 00:03:14,410
ู
ุฑุถู ุงูู Type 2 diabetes mellitus ูู ุนูุฏูู
34
00:03:14,410 --> 00:03:18,350
insulinุ ุงูู insulin ู
ูุฌูุฏุ ูุจุงูุชุงูู ุงูู insulin ู
ู
ูู
35
00:03:18,350 --> 00:03:23,070
ูุนู
ู inhibition ุนูู ุงูู alpha cellsุ ููููู ู
ู
36
00:03:23,070 --> 00:03:28,480
ุงูุฌูููุงุฌููุ ููู ู
ุฑุถู ุงูููุน ุงูุฃููุ ุฒู ู
ุง ุญูููุง ุณุงุจููุงุ
37
00:03:28,480 --> 00:03:33,380
ุฃู ููู absolute deficiency of insulinุ ูุจุงูุชุงูู
38
00:03:33,380 --> 00:03:37,980
ุงูู inhibitory effect ููุงูุณูููู ุนูู ุงูู alpha cells
39
00:03:37,980 --> 00:03:41,960
ู
ุด ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉุ ูุจุงูุชุงูู ุงูู alpha cells ูุชูุชุฌ glucagon
40
00:03:41,960 --> 00:03:48,980
ูููููู ููู gluconeogenesisุ ูุจุงูุชุงูู ุณูููู ููุงู
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00:03:48,980 --> 00:03:55,100
breakdown ููุฏูููุ ูุฅูุชุงุฌ ููู
ูุงุช ูุจูุฑุฉ ู
ู ุงูู ketone
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00:03:55,100 --> 00:03:56,280
bodies
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00:03:59,780 --> 00:04:04,780
ุงูุฏููู ุทุจุนูุง ูุนูู ุจูุตูุฑ ูููุง ุชุฎุฒูู ูู ุงููุจุฏ ุนูู ุดูู
44
00:04:04,780 --> 00:04:09,260
ุงูู triglyceridesุ ูุทุจุนูุง ุงูู triglycerides ูุฐู ู
ู
ูู
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00:04:09,260 --> 00:04:12,620
ุชูุญู
ู ุนูู ุงูู VLDLุ ุงููู ูู ุงูู Very Low Density
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00:04:12,620 --> 00:04:19,380
Lipoproteinุ ููุตูุฑ ููุง releaseุ ูุชูุฒูุนูุง ุนูู
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00:04:19,380 --> 00:04:20,940
ุงูุฎูุงูุง
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00:04:24,370 --> 00:04:26,590
ุจุงููุณุจุฉ ููุ In contrast to other tissuesุ the
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00:04:26,590 --> 00:04:30,790
brain cannot use free fatty acids for energy
50
00:04:30,790 --> 00:04:35,630
ูุจุงูุชุงููุ ูู ุนูุฏูุง ุงููู ูู ุงูู ketone bodies ุงููู
51
00:04:35,630 --> 00:04:39,810
ุจุชุชูููุ ูุงููู ู
ู
ูู ูุณุชุฎุฏู
ูุง ุงูุฏู
ุงุบุ When glucose is
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unavailableุ ketone bodies supply the vast
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majority of the brain's energy. ูุฅุฐุง ูุงู ุตุงุฑ ููู ุตูู
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00:04:48,450 --> 00:04:53,030
ุงููู ูู ูู
ุฏุฉ ุซูุงุซุฉ ุฃูุงู
ุ ketone bodies provide 30
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00:04:53,030 --> 00:04:56,250
percent to 40 percent of the body's energy
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00:04:56,250 --> 00:04:57,410
requirement
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00:04:59,780 --> 00:05:04,780
ูุจูู ุฃู ุงูู ketosisุ ูุงูุงุฑุชูุงุน ูู ุงูู ketone bodies
58
00:05:04,780 --> 00:05:09,820
ูุนูู ุจูุตูุฑ ูู ุงูู uncontrolled diabetesุ ุงููู ุจูุญูู
59
00:05:09,820 --> 00:05:15,060
ุนูููุ ูุนูู ุจุดูู ุฃุฎุต ุนูู ุงููู ูู ุงูู Type 1ุ ุฒู ู
ุง
60
00:05:15,060 --> 00:05:18,260
ูููุงุ ูุฐุง ูุงู ูู ุนูุฏูุง low insulin concentration
61
00:05:18,260 --> 00:05:24,540
ูุฐุง ููุฒูุฏ ู
ู ุงูู lipolysisุ ูุจุงูุชุงูู ููุฒูุฏ ู
ู ุงููู
62
00:05:24,540 --> 00:05:27,980
ูู ุงูู plasma free fatty acidsุ ูุงููู ูู ุชูููู ุงูู
63
00:05:27,980 --> 00:05:34,870
ketone bodies. Higher Glucagon to Insulin Ratioุ ุทุจ
64
00:05:34,870 --> 00:05:37,910
ุนุงู
ู ุขุฎุฑุ ูููู ุงููู ูู ุฃู ุงูุฎูุงุถ ูู ุงูุงูุณูููู ุจูุฎูู
65
00:05:37,910 --> 00:05:39,990
ุงูู inhibitory effect ุนูู ุงูู alpha cellsุ ูุจุงูุชุงูู
66
00:05:39,990 --> 00:05:43,410
ุจูุตูุฑ ููู ุฃู ุงูู glucagon concentrations ุฃุนูู ู
ู
67
00:05:43,410 --> 00:05:46,850
ุงูู glucagonุ ูุจุงูุชุงูู higher glucagon to insulin
68
00:05:46,850 --> 00:05:50,290
ratioุ ูุฐุง ุงููู ูู enhances the fatty acid
69
00:05:50,290 --> 00:05:56,470
oxidation in the liver. ุนูุฏูุง ุฃูุถูุง ุงูุฒูุงุฏุฉ ูู ุงููุฑู
ููุงุช
70
00:05:56,470 --> 00:05:58,890
ุงูุฃุฎุฑูุ ุงููู ูู ุงูู counterregulatory hormonesุ ุฃู
71
00:05:58,890 --> 00:06:02,190
ุงููู ูู ุงูู hyperglycemic hormonesุ ุงููู ูููุง
72
00:06:02,190 --> 00:06:07,470
ุจุชุฒูุฏ ู
ู ุงูู concentration ูู glucoseุ
73
00:06:07,470 --> 00:06:12,970
ูู
ู
ูู ูุนูู ุชุณุงุนุฏ ูููุ ุฃู ูุนูู ุชุนู
ู ุงููู ูู
74
00:06:12,970 --> 00:06:19,690
stimulation ูู lipolysis ุจุฑุถูุ ูุจุงูุชุงูู ูุชูููู ุงูู
75
00:06:19,690 --> 00:06:22,370
ketone bodiesุ ุฃู ุงูู ketogenesis
76
00:06:25,020 --> 00:06:27,820
ู
ู ุงูู ketone bodiesุ ุทุจุนูุง ูู ุฃู ุงูู acetoacetate
77
00:06:28,970 --> 00:06:31,610
ุงูู
ุฌู
ูุนุฉ ุงูุตุบูุฑุฉ ุชุชููู ู
ู spontaneous
78
00:06:31,610 --> 00:06:37,450
decarboxylationุ ูุจุชููู ุนูุฏูุง ุฃุณูุชููุ ูููู ุฃูุซุฑ ู
ููุง
79
00:06:37,450 --> 00:06:41,450
ุชุชุญูู ุฅูู ุงูู ฮฒ-hydroxybutyrateุ ููุฐูู ุงููู ูู
80
00:06:41,450 --> 00:06:49,250
ุงูุซูุงุซุฉ ketone bodies ุงููู ุจุชููู ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ูู ุงูุฏู
81
00:06:49,250 --> 00:06:55,550
ูุงูุฃุณูุชูู ู
ู
ูู ูุทูุน ู
ุน ุงูููุณุ ุงููู ูู ุฎูุงู ุงูู
82
00:06:55,550 --> 00:06:59,560
exhalationุ ุฒู ู
ุง ูู ูุงุถุญ ูู ุงูู figure ููุงุ ูุฅู ุงูู
83
00:06:59,560 --> 00:07:03,640
acetoacetate ุฌุฒุก ู
ูู ุจูุชุญูู ุฅูู acetoneุ ุงููู ูู ุนู
84
00:07:03,640 --> 00:07:07,440
ุทุฑูู ุงููู ูู decarboxylationุ ูุฅู ุงููู ูู ุงูุฌุฒุก
85
00:07:07,440 --> 00:07:13,040
ุงูุฃูุจุฑ ุจูุชุญูู ุฅูู ฮฒ-hydroxybutyrate
86
00:07:15,670 --> 00:07:19,510
ุงูุฒูุงุฏุฉ ูู ุชูููู ุงูู ketone bodiesุ ูุชุคุฏู ุฅูู ุงุฑุชูุงุน
87
00:07:19,510 --> 00:07:22,110
ุงูู concentration ูู ketone bodies ูู ุงูุฏู
88
00:07:22,110 --> 00:07:28,830
ูุจุงูุชุงูู ููุตูุฑ ูููุง ููุชูููู
ูุงุ ูุฃูุถูุง ุงูุงุฑุชูุงุน ูุฐุง
89
00:07:28,830 --> 00:07:32,010
ูู ุงูุฏู
ุ ููุชุคุฏู ุฅูู ุฒูุงุฏุฉ ุงูู excretion ูู ketone
90
00:07:32,010 --> 00:07:36,270
bodies ูู ุงูู urineุ ูุจุงูุชุงูู ููููู ูููุง ููุชูููุฑูุง
91
00:07:38,100 --> 00:07:41,320
ู
ู
ูู ุฃูุถูุง ุนูุฏูุง ุงูู ketone bodiesุ ูุนูู ุฅูู ู
ู
ูู
92
00:07:41,320 --> 00:07:48,540
ุชุชููู ูู ุญุงูุงุช ุงููู ูู ุงูููุต ูู ุงูู
93
00:07:48,540 --> 00:07:51,800
carbohydratesุ ุฒู ุงููู ูู ุงูู starvationุ ุฃู
94
00:07:51,800 --> 00:07:56,820
frequent vomitingุ ุฃู decreased use of
95
00:07:56,820 --> 00:07:57,820
carbohydrates
96
00:08:00,160 --> 00:08:04,520
ุฒู ูู ุญุงูุงุช ุงููู ูู ุงูู diabetes mellitusุ ุฃู ูู
97
00:08:04,520 --> 00:08:10,180
ุญุงูุงุช ุงููู ูู ุงูู glycogen storage disease type oneุ
98
00:08:10,180 --> 00:08:17,880
ุงููู ูู von Gierke's disease. ุนูุฏูุง ุจุฑุถู ุงูู
99
00:08:17,880 --> 00:08:21,440
ุงููู ูู ุงูู diet ุงูู ุงูู
ูุถุฉ ุงููู ูู ุงูุขูุ
100
00:08:21,440 --> 00:08:27,980
ุงููู ูู ุงูู ketoุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ ูุฐุง ุจุฑุถู ุจูุฒูุฏ ู
ู ุงูู ketone
101
00:08:27,980 --> 00:08:30,980
bodiesุ ุงููู ูู ุงูู popular high-fat, low-
102
00:08:30,980 --> 00:08:33,480
carbohydrate dietุ ุจูุจูู ููู ุนูุฏูุง low
103
00:08:33,480 --> 00:08:38,060
carbohydrateุ ููุง ุงููู ูู ุจุฑุถู ketogenicุ ูุจูุคุฏู
104
00:08:38,060 --> 00:08:42,360
ุฅูู ุฒูุงุฏุฉ ูู ุงูู ketone bodies ูู ุงูุฏู
105
00:08:45,300 --> 00:08:50,640
ุฃูุซุฑ ุญุงูุงุช ุงูู ketoacidosis ุจููุงูููุง ุนูุฏ ุงููู ูู ุงูู
106
00:08:50,640 --> 00:08:53,220
diabetes mellitusุ ุฒู ู
ุง ูููุงุ ุงููู ูู ุจุดูู ุฎุงุต ุนูุฏ
107
00:08:53,220 --> 00:08:56,780
ุงููู ูู ุงูู Type 1 diabetes mellitusุ ูุฃูุถูุง ุนูุฏ
108
00:08:56,780 --> 00:09:01,780
ุงููุงุณ ุงููู ุจูุชูุงูููุง ูุนูู ูุญูู
109
00:09:01,780 --> 00:09:07,740
ุจูู
ูุงุช ูุจูุฑุฉุ ููุฐุง ุงููู ุทุจุนูุง ุณุจุจ ุญุฏูุซ
110
00:09:07,740 --> 00:09:13,580
ุงูู ketoacidosis ุนูุฏ ุงููุงุณ ุงููู ุจูุชูุงูููุง ูุญููุ ูุฃูู
111
00:09:13,580 --> 00:09:18,570
ุจูุตูุฑ ููู impairment ูู conversion of
112
00:09:18,570 --> 00:09:22,950
lactate to pyruvateุ ููุฐุง ุจูุฒูุฏ ู
ู ุงูู hypothesisุ
113
00:09:22,950 --> 00:09:29,470
ูุจุงูุชุงูู ุจูุฒูุฏ ู
ู ุชูููู ุงูู ketone bodies
114
00:09:32,160 --> 00:09:36,760
ุญุณุจ ุชูุตูุงุช ุงูู American Diabetes Associationุ ุฃูู
115
00:09:36,760 --> 00:09:43,220
ูุงุฒู
ูููู ููู ู
ุชุงุจุนุฉ ูู
ุฑุถู diabetes
116
00:09:43,220 --> 00:09:44,900
ูุฎุงุตุฉ ุงููู ููุ ุฒู ู
ุง ูููุงุ ุงูู Type 1 diabetes
117
00:09:44,900 --> 00:09:48,820
mellitusุ pregnancy with a pre-existing diabetesุ
118
00:09:48,820 --> 00:09:52,740
ูุงููุณุงุก ุงููู ุนูุฏูู
gestational diabetes mellitusุ
119
00:09:52,740 --> 00:09:57,500
ูุงุจุฏ ุฃู ูููู ููู ู
ุชุงุจุนุฉ ููู ketone bodies ูู ุงูู
120
00:09:57,500 --> 00:10:01,570
urine. ุงูุดุจุงุจ ุงููู ุนูุฏูู
Type 1 diabetes mellitusุ
121
00:10:01,570 --> 00:10:04,290
ูุฌุจ ุฃู ูููู
ูุง ุจูุญูุตุงุช ููููุชููุงุชุ ูู ุญุงูุฉ ุงูู
ุฑุถุ
122
00:10:04,290 --> 00:10:08,130
ูุจูู ูุฃููุ ุฒู ู
ุง ุงุญูุง ุนุงุฑูููุ ูู ุงูู acute illnessุ
123
00:10:08,130 --> 00:10:17,610
ุจูุฒูุฏ ุนูุฏูุง ู
ู
ูู ุจุนุถ ุงููุฑู
ููุงุชุ ุงููู ุจุชุฑูุนุ ุฃู ุงููู
124
00:10:17,610 --> 00:10:22,590
ูู ุชุนุชุจุฑ hyperglycemic hormonesุ ูุจุงูุชุงูู
125
00:10:22,590 --> 00:10:27,130
ู
ู
ูู ุชุฒูุฏ ู
ู ุชูููู ุงูู ketone bodies. ูุจูู ุงูู
126
00:10:27,130 --> 00:10:30,400
patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitusุ ูุงุฒู
ุจุฑุถู
127
00:10:30,400 --> 00:10:33,840
ูุชู
ูุญุตูู
ููู ketones ุฎูุงู ุงูู acute illnessุ ุฃู
128
00:10:33,840 --> 00:10:37,260
stressุ ุฃู with a consistent increase in blood
129
00:10:37,260 --> 00:10:39,740
glucoseุ ุฅุฐุง ุฒุงุฏ ู
ุณุชูู ุงูู glucose ุนู 300
130
00:10:39,740 --> 00:10:45,160
milligram per deciliterุ ูุจุฑุถู ุฎูุงู ุงููู ูู ุงูุญู
ูุ
131
00:10:46,190 --> 00:10:51,850
ุฃู when symptoms of ketoacidosis are presentุ ูู
ู
132
00:10:51,850 --> 00:10:54,670
ุงูู symptoms ุงููู ูู ุงูู ketoacidosisุ ุงููู ูู ููู
133
00:10:54,670 --> 00:10:59,010
ุนูุฏูุง frequent urinationุ extreme thirstุ ุทุจุนูุง high
134
00:10:59,010 --> 00:11:04,470
blood sugarุ ูุงููู ูู ุจุฑุถู ุทุจุนูุง ุงุฑุชูุงุน ูู
135
00:11:04,470 --> 00:11:11,940
ุงูู ketones ูู ุงูู urine. ููุงุณ ุงูู ketones ุณูุงุก ูู ุงูู
136
00:11:11,940 --> 00:11:15,680
urine ุฃู bloodุ widely performed in patients with
137
00:11:15,680 --> 00:11:21,300
diabetesุ ุณูุงุก ููู diagnosis ูุฃูุถูุง ููู monitoring
138
00:11:21,300 --> 00:11:27,400
ุฒู ู
ุง ุญูููุง ุงูุขูุ of diabetic ketoacidosis
139
00:11:30,120 --> 00:11:32,440
ุจุงููุณุจุฉ ููุฌุฒุฆูุฉ ุงูุซุงููุฉุ ุงููู ูู ุงูู management
140
00:11:32,440 --> 00:11:39,520
ููุญุงูุงุช chronicุ ูุทุจุนูุง ู
ู ุฎูุงู ุงูุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุงูู
ุฎุชููุฉ
141
00:11:39,520 --> 00:11:47,700
ุงููู ุชู
ุชุ ูุงููู ุฑุจุทุช ุจูู ู
ุณุชููุงุช ุงูุฌููููุฒ ูู ุงูุฏู
142
00:11:47,700 --> 00:11:51,520
ู ุงูู development of long-term complications of
143
00:11:51,520 --> 00:11:58,060
diabetesุ ูุนุดุงู ููู ูุงุฒู
ูููู ููู ู
ุชุงุจุนุฉ ูู
ุฑุถู
144
00:11:58,060 --> 00:12:05,220
ุงูุณูุฑู ุจุงุณุชู
ุฑุงุฑุ ูุงูู
ุญุงูุธุฉ ุนูู levels ู
ู ุงูู glucose
145
00:12:05,220 --> 00:12:10,640
ุงููู ุชููู ูุนูู ุฅูู ุญุฏ ู
ุง ูุฑูุจุฉุ ู
ู
ูู ู
ู ุงูู
146
00:12:10,640 --> 00:12:13,640
reference rangeุ ุฃู ู
ู
ูู ุชููู ุฃุนูู ุดููุฉุ ููู ู
ุง ููููุด
147
00:12:13,640 --> 00:12:18,990
ููู ุนูุฏูุง ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุจุดูู ูุจูุฑ ูู ุงูู glucoseุ ูุฃูู
148
00:12:18,990 --> 00:12:24,090
ุงูุงุฑุชูุงุน ูู ุงูู glucose ู
ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงูู complications
149
00:12:24,090 --> 00:12:30,780
ุงูู
ุฎุชููุฉ ุงููู ู
ู
ูู ุชุตูุฑ ูู
ุฑุถู ุงูุณูุฑู. ู
ุง ูุชุนูู ุทุจุนูุง
150
00:12:30,780 --> 00:12:36,400
ุจูู ุงูู management ูู patientsุ ููู ุนูู ู
ุณุชูู ุงููู
151
00:12:36,400 --> 00:12:39,820
ูู ุงููุตูุฑุ ูุนูู ุงูู
ุณุชูู ุงูุจุนูุฏุ ุทุจุนูุง ุฅู ุงูู
152
00:12:39,820 --> 00:12:45,040
short-termุ ู
ู
ูู ู
ู ุฎูุงู ู
ุณุชููุงุช ุงูู glucoseุ ููู
153
00:12:45,040 --> 00:12:49,840
ุนูุฏูุง ุงูู long-term monitoringุ ู
ู ุฎูุงู ููุงุณ ุงูู
154
00:12:49,840 --> 00:12:51,880
glycated proteins
155
00:12:53,870 --> 00:12:58,850
ุงูู detection and monitoring of complicationsุ ุทุจุนูุง
156
00:12:58,850 --> 00:13:04,350
ุจุงูู
ุฎุชุจุฑ ุงุญูุง ู
ู
ูู ูุดูู ุงูู complications ุงููู
157
00:13:04,350 --> 00:13:09,610
ู
ุชุนููุฉ ุจู kidney diseaseุ ูุจุงูู nephropathyุ ููุฐุง
158
00:13:09,610 --> 00:13:12,950
ู
ู
ูู ุจูููู ู
ู ุฎูุงู ุงูู kidney function testsุ ุฒู
159
00:13:12,950 --> 00:13:19,030
ุนูุฏูุง ุงูู creatinineุ ูุจุฑุถู ู
ู ุฎูุงู ุงูู testing
160
00:13:19,030 --> 00:13:21,010
urine for albuminuria
161
00:13:23,400 --> 00:13:30,480
ุจุฑุถู ูู ุญุงู ุฃู ุงูู
ุฑูุถ ูุนูู ุฎุถุน ูุจุนุถ ุงูุนูุงุฌุงุชุ ุฒู
162
00:13:30,480 --> 00:13:34,200
ุงููู ูู ุงูู islet cellุ ุฃู ุงูู pancreas
163
00:13:34,200 --> 00:13:39,640
transplantationุ ููู ุฅู ุงููุญูุตุงุช ุจุชุชู
ูู ูุฐุง
164
00:13:39,640 --> 00:13:45,040
ุงูู
ุฑูุถุ ุงููู ูู ุงูู C-peptideุ ูุงูุงูุณููููุ ูุนูู ููุชุฃูุฏ
165
00:13:45,040 --> 00:13:52,500
ุฃู ูุฐู ุงูุฎูุงูุง ุงููู ุชู
ุฒุฑุงุนุชูุงุ ุชุนู
ู ุจุงูุดูู
166
00:13:53,150 --> 00:13:57,950
ุงูู
ุทููุจ ู
ููุง
167
00:13:57,950 --> 00:14:04,610
ุงููุญูุตุงุช ุงููู ุจุชุชู
ูู
ุชุงุจุนุฉ ู
ุฑุถู ุงูุณูุฑูุ ุฅููุง ุฒู ู
ุง
168
00:14:04,610 --> 00:14:12,030
ุฐูุฑูุงุ ููู ุงูู glucoseุ ุงูู fasting ุฃู ุงูู randomุ ุทุจุนูุง
169
00:14:12,030 --> 00:14:15,030
ูู ุงูู blood ุฃู ูู ุงูู urineุ ููู ุงูู glycated
170
00:14:15,030 --> 00:14:20,150
proteinsุ ุงููู ูู ุงูู proteins ุงููู ุงุฑุชุจุทุช ู
ุนูุง ุงูู
171
00:14:20,150 --> 00:14:23,570
glucoseุ ูุนูู ุงูู hemoglobin A1cุ ุงููู ุทุจุนูุง ุงูุฃูุซุฑ
172
00:14:23,570 --> 00:14:29,890
ุดูุฑุฉุ ููู fructosamineุ ูููู ุฃูุถูุง glycated serum
173
00:14:29,890 --> 00:14:31,070
albumin
174
00:14:33,480 --> 00:14:39,260
ูุนูู ุฃูุถูุง 1,5-anhydroglucitolุ ุฃู 1,5-
175
00:14:39,260 --> 00:14:43,640
AG. ููู ุจุฑุถู ุงูู urinary proteinsุ ุงููู ูู
176
00:14:43,640 --> 00:14:48,840
ุงูุจููุ ุฒู ู
ุง ูููุงุ ูู
ุชุงุจุนุฉ ุงููู ูู ูุถุน ุงูู
177
00:14:48,840 --> 00:14:55,340
kidney. ุงูุจููุ ุงููู ูู ุงูุฏุงุฑุฌ ุนูุฏูุง ุงูุงุณู
ุ ุฃู
178
00:14:55,340 --> 00:15:00,320
ู
ุนุฑูู ุฃูุซุฑ ุจู microalbuminuriaุ ููู ุงูุขู ูุนูู ููุถู
179
00:15:00,320 --> 00:15:03,720
ุฃู ูุชู
ุชุณู
ูุชู ุจุงูู proteinuriaุ ุฒู ู
ุง ููุดูู
180
00:15:03,720 --> 00:15:09,180
proteinuriaุ ุงูู proteins ูู ุงูู urineุ ู evaluation
181
00:15:09,180 --> 00:15:15,620
of complications. ุงููู ูู ู
ู ุฎูุงู ููุงุณ ุงูู creatinine
182
00:15:15,620 --> 00:15:19,780
ูู kidney functionุ ูุนูุฏูุง ุงูููููุณุชุฑููุ ูุงูู tri-
183
00:15:19,780 --> 00:15:26,100
glyceridesุ ูุนูู ู
ู
ูู ุนุดุงู ูุดูู ุงููู ูู ุงูู risk
184
00:15
223
00:18:26,010 --> 00:18:30,650
Hemoglobin A1B ู Hemoglobin A1C ุชู
ุงู
ุ ููุฐูู ุงูุซูุงุซุฉ
224
00:18:30,650 --> 00:18:35,570
ููุทูู ุนูููู
Hemoglobin A1 ู
ู ูุฐูู ุงูุซูุงุซุฉ ุนูุฏูุง ุงู
225
00:18:35,570 --> 00:18:39,790
major fraction ูู ุงูู Hemoglobin A1C ู ุงูุฐู ูู
ุซู
226
00:18:39,790 --> 00:18:42,010
80%
227
00:18:44,730 --> 00:18:48,250
ุทุจุนุงู ูู ุนูุฏูุง ุฃูุถุงู ูุนูู ุฃููุงุน ุฃุฎุฑู ู
ุซู ุงูู
228
00:18:48,250 --> 00:18:52,370
Hemoglobin ู
ุซูุงู A1A ุงูุฐู ูู ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู Hemoglobin A
229
00:18:52,370 --> 00:18:58,830
ู
ุฑุชุจุท ู
ุน Fructose Hemoglobin A1A2 ุงูุฐู ูู
230
00:18:58,830 --> 00:19:03,870
Hemoglobin A ู
ุฑุชุจุท ู
ุน Glucose 6-Phosphate ุชู
ุงู
ุ ูุนูู
231
00:19:03,870 --> 00:19:08,030
ูู ุฃููุงุน ู
ุฎุชููุฉ ููู ุงููุณุจุฉ ุงูุฃูุจุฑ ูู ุงูู
232
00:19:08,030 --> 00:19:14,500
Hemoglobin A1C ู ูู ุงูุชู ุชููุงุณ ุงูู
233
00:19:14,500 --> 00:19:19,580
Formationุ ูุทุจุนุงู ูุฐู ููุทุฉ ู
ูู
ุฉ ุงูู Formation of
234
00:19:19,580 --> 00:19:23,560
Glycated Hemoglobin is essentially irreversible
235
00:19:23,560 --> 00:19:29,500
ู ุฅูุง ุฅุฐุง ูุงู reversibleุ ูุนูู ูู ูููู ุฏูููุงู
236
00:19:29,500 --> 00:19:33,480
ูุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู
ู. ูุจูู ุงูู Glycated Hemoglobin is
237
00:19:33,480 --> 00:19:37,560
essentially irreversibleุ ู
ุงุฒุงู ุตุงุฑ ูููุง ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจูู
238
00:19:37,560 --> 00:19:41,920
ุงูุฌููููุฒ ู ุจูู ุงูู Hemoglobinุ ูุจูู ูู ูุตูุฑ ููู
239
00:19:41,920 --> 00:19:47,920
ู
ุง ูู effect ููุฌููููุฒ ู
ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู. The concentration
240
00:19:47,920 --> 00:19:51,500
in the blood depends on both the lifespan of the
241
00:19:51,500 --> 00:19:54,880
red blood cellsุ ูุฐุง ุงูุฐู ูุนุชู
ุฏ ุนููู ูุณุจุฉ
242
00:19:54,880 --> 00:19:59,380
ูุฌููููุช ุงูู Hemoglobinุ ุงูุฐู ูู ุนู
ุฑ ุงูุฎูุงูุง ุงูุฏู
243
00:19:59,380 --> 00:20:06,040
ุงูุญู
ุฑุงุก ู ุงูู Blood Glucose Concentration ูู
244
00:20:06,040 --> 00:20:12,480
ุงูุฏู
ุ ูุจูู ูุงุชุงู ุงูููุทุชุงู ุงููุชุงู ููุนุชู
ุฏ ุนูููู
ุง ูุณุจุฉ ุงูู
245
00:20:12,480 --> 00:20:19,200
Glycated Hemoglobin ูู ุงูุฏู
ุ
246
00:20:19,200 --> 00:20:22,820
ูุจูู ุนูุฏูุง ุงูู Glucose
247
00:20:25,970 --> 00:20:32,330
ุทุจุนุงู ูุฑุชุจุท ุนูู ุงูู N-terminal amino group ูู
248
00:20:32,330 --> 00:20:41,250
ุงูู beta-chainุ ุจุฏุงูุฉ ูููู ุฃู ุงูู dimine ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู
249
00:20:41,250 --> 00:20:48,210
Schiff baseุ ู ุจุนุฏ ุฐูู ุงูู aldamine ูุฐู ุชุชุญูู ุฅูู
250
00:20:48,210 --> 00:20:54,130
ketoamine ุงูุฐู ูู ุงูู hemoglobin A1Cุ ูุจูู ูุตูุฑ ูู
251
00:20:54,130 --> 00:20:59,590
ุนูุฏูุง rearrangement ููู aldamine ู ูุนุทููู ketoamine
252
00:20:59,590 --> 00:21:04,050
ุงูุฐู ูู ุงูู hemoglobin A1C. ูุจูู ุงูู hemoglobin A ู
ุน
253
00:21:04,050 --> 00:21:10,470
ุงูู glucose ูุนุทููู pre-hemoglobin A1Cุ ููุฐู ุงูุฎุทูุฉ
254
00:21:10,470 --> 00:21:17,110
ูู
ุง ูู ูุงุถุญุ ูุฐู ุงูุฎุทูุฉ reversible ุชู
ุงู
ุงูุ ูุงูุฎุทูุฉ
255
00:21:17,110 --> 00:21:20,390
ูุฐู reversible ููู ุจุนุฏ ุฐูู pre-hemoglobin A1C
256
00:21:20,390 --> 00:21:25,490
ูุตูุฑ ููู ุนูุฏูุง rearrangement ููุฐุง ุงูู
ุฑูุจ ุชู
ุงู
ุงู
257
00:21:25,490 --> 00:21:30,790
ู ูุนุทููู hemoglobin A1Cุ ููุฐู ุงูุฎุทูุฉ irreversible
258
00:21:30,790 --> 00:21:34,990
ูู
ุง ูุญู ูุฑูุ ุงูุณูู
ูู ุงุชุฌุงู ูุงุญุฏ ููุท
259
00:21:37,890 --> 00:21:41,030
ุจุงููุณุจุฉ ููุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงูุฐู ูุตูุฑ ุจูู ุงูุฌููููุฒ ู ุจูู
260
00:21:41,030 --> 00:21:45,330
ุงูููู
ูุฌููุจููุ plasma glucose in the preceding one
261
00:21:45,330 --> 00:21:48,590
month determines fifty percent of the hemoglobin
262
00:21:48,590 --> 00:21:53,290
A1C. ูุนูู ูู ุฌุฆูุง ููููุง ุนูู ุซูุงุซุฉ ุฃุดูุฑุ ู
ู
ูู ุจุงูุดูุฑ
263
00:21:53,290 --> 00:21:58,110
ุงูุฃูู ุชููู ูู
ูุฉ ุงูุงุฑุชุจุงุท ููููุฉุ ุจุงูุดูุฑ ุงูุซุงูู
264
00:21:58,110 --> 00:22:02,650
ุชุฒูุฏุ ู ุจุงูุดูุฑ ุงูุซุงูุซ ุชููู ูู ุฃูุซูุฑ ูุณุจุฉ
265
00:22:02,650 --> 00:22:05,350
ูุจุงูุชุงูู plasma glucose in the preceding one month
266
00:22:06,490 --> 00:22:11,890
ุงูุฐู ููุดููููู 50% ู
ู ุงูููู
ูุฌููุจูู A1C ุงูุขู.
267
00:22:11,890 --> 00:22:17,150
ุงูุดูุฑ ุงูุฐู ูุจูู ุชููู ุนูุฏู ูุณุจุฉ ุฎู
ุณุฉ
268
00:22:17,150 --> 00:22:22,810
ู ุนุดุฑูู ุจุงูู
ุฆุฉุ ู ุงูุฐู ูู ุทุจุนุงู ุงูุดูุฑ ุงูุฐู ูุจูู ุฃู
269
00:22:22,810 --> 00:22:26,170
ุงูุดูุฑุงู ุงููุฐุงู ูุจูู ุชููู ุนูุฏูุง ุงูุฎู
ุณุฉ ู ุงูุนุดุฑูู ุจุงูู
ุฆุฉ
270
00:22:26,170 --> 00:22:31,850
ุงูู ุจุงููุฉุ ุงูู interpretation ูู Glycated
271
00:22:31,850 --> 00:22:33,910
ุงูููู
ูุฌููุจูู depends on red blood cells ูุฃููุง
272
00:22:33,910 --> 00:22:39,790
ูุชุญุฏุซ ุนู ุงูุงุฑุชุจุงุท ููุฌููููุฒ ู
ุน ุงูู Beta-Chain ูู
273
00:22:39,790 --> 00:22:41,710
ุงูููู
ูุฌููุจูู ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุงูู Red Blood Cells
274
00:22:41,710 --> 00:22:46,230
ูุจุงูุชุงูู ุฃู ุดูุก ุณูุคุซุฑ ุนูู ุนู
ุฑ ุงูู Red Blood Cells
275
00:22:46,230 --> 00:22:50,930
ุฃููุฏ ุณูุคุซุฑ ุนูู ุงูู Glycated Hemoglobin. ุฅุฐุง ูุงูุช
276
00:22:50,930 --> 00:22:55,690
ุงูู
ุฑูุถุฉ ู
ุตุงุจุฉ ุจู
ุฑุถ ุงูุญูุงู ุฏู
ุฃู ุฃุดูุงุก ุฃุฎุฑู ู
ุน ุชูุตูุฑ ุญูุงุฉ
277
00:22:55,690 --> 00:23:01,190
ุงูู Red Blood Cellsุ ุชุธูุฑ ููู
Glycated
278
00:23:01,190 --> 00:23:05,870
Hemoglobin ุฃูุถุงู. ุฅุฐุง ูุงู ุตุงุฑ ููู ุฃู
279
00:23:05,870 --> 00:23:10,010
significant blood lossุ ูุจูู individuals with
280
00:23:10,010 --> 00:23:14,390
recent significant blood lossุ ุฃูุถุงู ูุฐุง ู
ู
ูู ูุนุทููู
281
00:23:14,390 --> 00:23:19,250
ุฃูุถุงู ููููู
falsely low valuesุ ูุจูู ู
ู
ูู ูุฃุชู ู ููุญุต ู
282
00:23:19,250 --> 00:23:23,510
ูุฌุฏ ุฃู ุงูู hemoglobin A1c ุงูุฐู ูุนูู ู
ูุฎูุถุ ููู
283
00:23:23,510 --> 00:23:27,550
ูุฐุง ุณูููู falsely low ูุฃูู ุตุงุฑ ูู ุนูุฏู ููุท ูุง ูู
ูุฉ
284
00:23:27,550 --> 00:23:31,370
ูุจูุฑุฉ ู
ู ุงูุฏู
285
00:23:33,110 --> 00:23:37,230
ู ุงูุฐู ูู ุทุจุนุงู ุงูู high fraction of younger
286
00:23:37,230 --> 00:23:43,690
erythrocytes ุงูุชู ูู
ูุญุตู ูููุง ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ููุฌููููุฒ
287
00:23:43,690 --> 00:23:50,050
ุจูู
ูุงุช ุฌูุฏุฉุ high Glycated
288
00:23:50,050 --> 00:23:53,470
ุงูููู
ูุฌููุจููุ ุฃูุถุงู ูุฐุง ู
ู ูุงุญูุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู ู
ู
ูู ูุตูุฑ ูููุง
289
00:23:53,470 --> 00:23:57,570
ุงุฑุชูุงุน ูู Glycated ุงูููู
ูุฌููุจูู ูู ุญุงูุงุช ุงูู iron
290
00:23:57,570 --> 00:24:00,930
deficiency anemiaุ ูุจูู ูู ุงูู Iron deficiency
291
00:24:00,930 --> 00:24:03,770
anemiaุ ุงูุชู ูู ูุฌุฏ ุฃู ุฅุฐุง ุงุฑุชูุน ุงูู
292
00:24:03,770 --> 00:24:08,130
concentrationุ ููู ุงูู mechanism ู ููู ูุตูุฑ
293
00:24:08,130 --> 00:24:11,050
ูุฐุง ุงูุฃู
ุฑ is unknown
294
00:24:13,780 --> 00:24:17,100
ุทุจุนุงู ูู
ุง ูููุง ุฃู ุงูู Hemoglobin A1C ุฃู ุงูู
295
00:24:17,100 --> 00:24:21,060
Glycated Protein ุจุดูู ุนุงู
ุ ู
ู ุงููุญูุตุงุช ุงูุชู ุชูุฌุฑู
296
00:24:21,060 --> 00:24:27,420
ุจุตูุฑุฉ ุฏูุฑูุฉุ ููุนููุงู ุงูุนุฏูุฏ
297
00:24:27,420 --> 00:24:32,920
ู
ู ุงูู
ูุธู
ุงุช ุงูุชู ู
ุนููุฉ ุจูุฐุง ุงูู
ุฑุถุ ูุงูุชู
298
00:24:32,920 --> 00:24:38,480
ุชูุนุชุจุฑ ู
ุคุซุฑุฉุ ุชูุตู ุจูุญุต ุงูู Hemoglobin
299
00:24:38,480 --> 00:24:42,060
A1C ุจุดูู ุฑูุชููู
300
00:24:43,260 --> 00:24:46,320
to document degree of glycemic control and to
301
00:24:46,320 --> 00:24:50,620
assess response to treatmentุ ููู ูุฑู ู
ุฏู ุงูู
302
00:24:50,620 --> 00:24:53,080
ุงูุชุฒุงู
ุ ูู
ุง ูููุงุ ู ููุจููู ู
ุณุชููุงุช
303
00:24:53,080 --> 00:24:59,160
ุงูุณูุฑ ุนูุฏ ุงูู
ุฑูุถุ ู ุฃูุถุงู ุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ ุงูู
ุฑูุถ ููุนูุงุฌ
304
00:25:01,150 --> 00:25:04,390
ุงูู Absolute risk of retinopathy and nephropathy
305
00:25:04,390 --> 00:25:07,710
were directly proportional to the mean hemoglobin
306
00:25:07,710 --> 00:25:11,270
A1C concentration. ุนููู
ูุง ุฌุงุก ู
ู ุฎูุงู ุงูู hemoglobin
307
00:25:11,270 --> 00:25:17,770
A1Cุ ุฃูุถุงู ู
ู
ูู ูุฑู ุงูู risk ููู
ุฑูุถ ููุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจุงูู
308
00:25:17,770 --> 00:25:21,550
complications ุงูู
ุฎุชููุฉุ ู ู
ู ุฎูุงู ุงูุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ูุฌุฏ ุฃู
309
00:25:21,550 --> 00:25:25,150
each one percent reduction in hemoglobin A1Cุ ูุนูู
310
00:25:25,150 --> 00:25:31,910
ุนูู ุณุจูู ุงูู
ุซุงูุ ูุงู 8% ุงูุฎูุงุถุ ูุงู ูุฐุง ู
ุตุญูุจุงู ุจู
311
00:25:31,910 --> 00:25:39,290
reduction of 37% for microvascular diseaseุ ู ุฃูุถุงู
312
00:25:39,290 --> 00:25:44,170
ูุงู ูููุง 21% for death related to diabetesุ ูุงู ูู
313
00:25:44,170 --> 00:25:48,810
ุงูุฎูุงุถ ุฃูุถุงูุ reduction ุจูุณุจุฉ 21%ุ ู ุฃูุถุงู ูุงู
314
00:25:48,810 --> 00:25:53,860
ูู reduction ุจูุณุจุฉ 14% ููู myocardial infarction
315
00:25:53,860 --> 00:26:00,020
ูุจูู 1% ูู ุชุฃุซูุฑ ูุจูุฑ ูู ุชูููู ุงูู complications
316
00:26:00,020 --> 00:26:09,040
ุงูู
ุฎุชููุฉ. ูู ุทุฑู ุนุฏูุฏุฉ ูููุญุต ูู Glycated
317
00:26:09,040 --> 00:26:11,900
ุงูููู
ูุฌููุจููุ ู
ููุง ุงูู hemoglobin A1Cุ more than
318
00:26:11,900 --> 00:26:18,110
150 different methods have been described. ุงูู ADA
319
00:26:18,110 --> 00:26:21,750
ุชูุฑุฌููุญ ุฃู ุงูู
ุฎุชุจุฑุงุช ุชุณุชุฎุฏู
ููุท ุงูู Hemoglobin A1c
320
00:26:21,750 --> 00:26:28,530
ุฃุณุงููุจ ุชุชุนุงู
ู ู
ุน ุงูู NGSPุ ูููู ููุง ูุงุฒู
ุชููู ุงูู
321
00:26:28,530 --> 00:26:33,350
ุฃุณุงููุจ ู
ูููุญููุฏุฉ ู
ุน certified methodุ ุงูุชู ูุฑูุฏ
322
00:26:33,350 --> 00:26:40,030
ุฃู ูุณุชุฎุฏู
ูุง ุณูุงุก ููุชุดุฎูุต ุฃู ููุนูุงุฌ
323
00:26:40,030 --> 00:26:41,710
ุงูุทุจู
324
00:26:43,870 --> 00:26:50,550
ู ุนููู ุนูู ุงูู
ููุน ุงูุฅููุชุฑููู ููู NGSP ู
ูุฌูุฏ
325
00:26:50,550 --> 00:26:58,090
ุงูุทุฑู ุงูู
ุนุชู
ุฏุฉ ู
ู ูุจููู
ุ ุจุงููุณุจุฉ
326
00:26:58,090 --> 00:27:01,470
ููุชูุฌุฉ ุงูู hemoglobin A1C reported as a percentage
327
00:27:01,470 --> 00:27:05,690
ู ูุฐุง ูุนูู ุงูุฐู ููุณุชูุฎุฏูู
ุนูุฏูุง of total hemoglobin
328
00:27:07,250 --> 00:27:11,630
ูุฐุง ุจูุงุกู ุนูู ุงูู NGSP Systemุ ููู ูู ุนูุฏูุง ุฃูุถุงู
329
00:27:11,630 --> 00:27:15,050
ูุญุฏุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู ู
ู
ูู ุชุณุชุฎุฏู
ุ ุจูุงุกู ุนูู ุงูู
330
00:27:15,050 --> 00:27:17,330
International Federation of Clinical Chemistry
331
00:27:17,330 --> 00:27:23,990
ู ูุฐู ุงููุญุฏุงุช ูู ู
ูู ู
ูู ููู ู
ููุ ู
ูู ู
ูู
332
00:27:23,990 --> 00:27:30,010
Hemoglobin ููู ู
ูู ู
ู ุงูู hemoglobin
333
00:27:30,010 --> 00:27:35,310
Multinational
334
00:27:35,310 --> 00:27:36,650
Prospective Study
335
00:27:39,860 --> 00:27:44,500
ู ุฃุธูุฑุช ุงูุนูุงูุฉ ุจูู ููู
ุฉ ุงูููู
ูุบููุจูู A1C ู ููู
ุฉ
336
00:27:44,500 --> 00:27:49,920
ุงูููู
ูุบููุจูู A1C ู ููู
ุฉ ุงูููู
ูุบููุจูู A1C ู ููู
ุฉ
337
00:27:49,920 --> 00:27:58,040
ุงูููู
ูุบููุจูู A1C ู ููู
ุฉ
338
00:27:58,040 --> 00:28:06,320
ุงูููู
ูุบููุจูู A1C ู ููู
ุฉ ุงูููู
ูุบููุจูู A1Cุ ูุจุงูุชุงูู
339
00:28:06,320 --> 00:28:09,060
ู
ุงุฒุงู ูุฏููุง correlationุ ูู
ูู ู
ู ุฎูุงู
340
00:28:09,060 --> 00:28:13,760
ุงูู percentage ููู hemoglobin A1C ู
ู
ูู ูุญุฏุฏ ููู
ุฉ
341
00:28:13,760 --> 00:28:19,100
ุฃู ูุนู
ู estimation ูู average glucose ุนูุฏ ูุฐุง
342
00:28:19,100 --> 00:28:25,300
ุงูู
ุฑูุถุ ู ู
ู ุฎูุงู ูุฐู ุงูุนูุงูุฉ ูุงู
ูุง ุจูุถุน ุงูู
343
00:28:25,300 --> 00:28:30,060
regression equation ุงูุชู
344
00:28:30,060 --> 00:28:35,610
ูู ุงูู formula ุนูุฏูุงุ ุงูู Estimated Average Glucose
345
00:28:35,610 --> 00:28:41,630
ุจุงูู
ููู ุบุฑุงู
ุจุงูุฏูุณููุชุฑ ุชุณุงูู 28.7 ุถุฑุจ Hemoglobin
346
00:28:41,630 --> 00:28:47,070
A1C ูุงูุต 46.7
347
00:28:48,910 --> 00:28:53,990
ูุญุต ุขุฎุฑ ุงูุฐู ู
ู
ูู ููุณุชุฎุฏู
ููู intermediate termุ
348
00:28:53,990 --> 00:28:57,770
ุฑุฃููุง ุฃู glucose ููู short term ู ุฃู
349
00:28:57,770 --> 00:29:01,490
ุงูุฌููููุช ุงูููู
ูุฌููุจูู ููู long termุ ู ููุง ุนูุฏูุง
350
00:29:01,490 --> 00:29:08,230
ุงูู 1,5-anhydroglucitol ููู intermediate
351
00:29:08,230 --> 00:29:18,950
termุ ู ู
ู ุฎูุงู ูุญุตูุง ููู 1,5-AGุ ู
ู
ูู ูุฐุง ูุนูุณ ููุง ูู
352
00:29:18,950 --> 00:29:23,730
ูุงูุช glucose concentration ูู ุงูููู
ูู ุฅูู 14
353
00:29:23,730 --> 00:29:33,370
ููู
ุงูุณุงุจููู. ุงูู 15AG ูู ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู Deoxy Form of
354
00:29:33,370 --> 00:29:36,770
Glucoseุ ูู
ุง ูู ูุงุถุญ ุฃูู ููุดุชู ู
ู ุงูุฌููููุฒ
355
00:29:36,770 --> 00:29:42,490
ุชู
ุงู
ุงูุ ุจูุฒุน ุงูู OH groupุ ูุชุญูู ุฅูู 1,5
356
00:29:42,490 --> 00:29:44,410
-anhydroglucitol
357
00:29:46,610 --> 00:29:52,490
ู
ู ุฃูู ูุฃุชู ุงูู 1,5-anhydroglucitolุ originates
358
00:29:52,490 --> 00:29:57,750
predominantly from the dietุ ูุจูู ุนูุฏูุง ุงููู
ูุฉ
359
00:29:57,750 --> 00:30:03,170
ุงูุฃูุจุฑุ ุงูุฃุนุธู
ุ ุชุฃุชู ู
ู ุงูู dietุ ูู ุฃูุซุฑ ู
ู 99.9%
360
00:30:06,060 --> 00:30:13,620
ุงูุขูุ ุงูู 1,5-anhydroglucitol ูุฎุถุน ูู filtrationุ ู
361
00:30:13,620 --> 00:30:17,120
ุจุนุฏ ุฐูู ูุนูุฏ ุทุจุนุงู ูู ุงูู ุงููููุ ู ุจุนุฏ ุฐูู ูุนูุฏ
362
00:30:17,120 --> 00:30:24,420
ุจูุงุณุทุฉ reabsorption ุนู ุทุฑูู ุงูู SGLT4ุ ุงูุชู ูู Sodium
363
00:30:24,420 --> 00:30:27,040
Dependent Glucose Transporter
364
00:30:29,450 --> 00:30:36,210
ูู ุจุนุถ ุงูุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุงูุชู ุฃุฌุฑูุชุ ู ุงูุชู ุงุณุชุฎุฏู
ุช
365
00:30:36,210 --> 00:30:42,500
ูููุง ุงูู ุงููุนุงุจุ ูููุงุณ ุงูู 1,5 AG
366
00:30:42,500 --> 00:30:48,300
ู ูุฌุฏูุง ุฃูู ู
ู
ูู ูุญุต ุงูู 1,5 AG ูู ุงููุนุงุจ
367
00:30:48,300 --> 00:30:56,120
ู
ู
ูู ุฃู ูุนูุณ ูู
ูุฉ ุงูู 1,5 AG ูู ุงูุฏู
368
00:30:56,120 --> 00:31:01,040
ูุจุงูุชุงููุ ูุนูู ู
ู
ูู ูุญุต ุงูู 1,5 AG ูู ุงููุนุงุจ
369
00:31:02,070 --> 00:31:07,630
ูุนูู ุฃูุง ู
ู
ูู ุฃููู ููู intermediate ูู
ุง
370
00:31:07,630 --> 00:31:11,650
ูููุง term of monitoringุ ููู ูู
ูู ูุฐุง ูุญุชุงุฌ ุฅูู
371
00:31:11,650 --> 00:31:14,630
more research
372
00:31:18,410 --> 00:31:22,230
ุนูุฏู
ุง ุชุชุฌุงูุฒ ู
ูุงุฑุฏ ุงูุฌููููุฒ ู
ูุงุฑุฏ ุงูููู
373
00:31:22,230 --> 00:31:24,850
ุชุชุฌุงูุฒ ู
ูุงุฑุฏ ุงูููู ุชุชุฌุงูุฒ ู
ูุงุฑุฏ ุงูููู ุชุชุฌุงูุฒ
374
00:31:24,850 --> 00:31:31,970
ู
ูุงุฑุฏ ุงูููู ุชุชุฌุงูุฒ ู
ูุงุฑุฏ ุงูููู ุชุชุฌุงูุฒ ู
ูุงุฑุฏ
375
00:31:31,970 --> 00:31:38,970
ุงูููู ุชุชุฌุงูุฒ ู
ูุงุฑุฏ ุงูููู ุชุชุฌุงูุฒ ู
ูุงุฑุฏ ุงูููู
376
00:31:38,970 --> 00:31:39,490
ุชุชุฌุงูุฒ ู
ูุงุฑุฏ ุงูููู ุชุชุฌุงูุฒ ู
ูุงุฑุฏ ุงูููู ุชุชุฌุงูุฒ
377
00:31:39,490 --> 00:31:43,810
ู
ูุงุฑุฏ ุงูููู ุชุชุฌุงูุฒ ู
ูุงุฑุฏ ุงูููู ุชุชุฌุงูุฒ ู
ูุงุฑุฏ
378
00:31:43,810 --> 00:31:50,610
ุงูููู ุชุชุฌุงูุฒ ู
ูุงุฑุฏ ุงูููู ุชุชุฌุงูุฒ ู
ู ูุฐุง ูุคุฏู
379
00:31:50,610 --> 00:31:59,450
ุฅูู ุงูุฎูุงุถ ู
ุณุชูู ุงูู 1,5 AG ูู ุงูุฏู
. ูุจูู ุฅุฐุง ูุงู
380
00:31:59,450 --> 00:32:06,490
ุตุงุฑ ูู ุนูุฏู ุงุฑุชูุงุน ูู ุงูุฌููููุฒ ุชู
ุงู
ุงูุ ู ุชุฌุงูุฒ ุงูู
381
00:32:06,490 --> 00:32:13,150
ุญุงุฌุฒ 180ุ ู
ุนูุงุชู ุณูุตูุฑ ุนูุฏูุง ููุต ูู ุงูู
382
00:32:13,150 --> 00:32:18,010
reabsorption ููู 1,5 AGุ ููุฐุง ุณูุคุฏู ุฅูู ุงูุฎูุงุถ ุงูู 1
383
00:32:18,010 --> 00:32:25,430
,5-AG ูู ุงูุฏู
. ูุจูู ุจุงูุชุงูู low 1,5-AG indicates
384
00:32:25,430 --> 00:32:30,910
hyperglycemia. ุฅุฐุง ุงูุฎูุถ ุนูุฏูุง ู
ุณุชูู ุงูู 1,5-AG ูู
385
00:32:30,910 --> 00:32:34,830
ุงูุฏู
ุ ู
ุนูุงุชู ูุฐุง ูุนูู ุฃู ูุฐุง ุงูุดุฎุต ูุฏูู
386
00:32:34,830 --> 00:32:39,730
hyperglycemia correlated particularly with
387
00:32:39,730 --> 00:32:44,090
postprandial blood glucose concentration
388
00:32:46,800 --> 00:32:53,920
ููู ุฌูุงุฒ ุชู
ู ุนู
ูู ูููุงุณ ุงูู 1,5 AGุ Automated
389
00:32:53,920 --> 00:33:00,120
Calorimetric Assayุ ููุฐุง ุงูุฌูุงุฒ approved ู
ู ุงูู FDA
390
00:33:00,120 --> 00:33:07,200
ุงูุฐู ูุณู
ู ุงูู Glycomarkุ ูู
ูู ู
ู ุฎูุงูู ูุฑู ุงูู
391
00:33:07,200 --> 00:33:12,380
concentration ููู 1,5 AGุ ูุจุงูุชุงูู ูุญุฏุฏ
392
00:33:12,380 --> 00:33:17,280
ู
ุณุชูู ุงูุฌููููุฒ ุนูุฏ ุงูุดุฎุตุ ูู
ุง ูููุงุ ูู
393
00:33:17,280 --> 00:33:24,460
ุงูููู
ูู ุฅูู ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ ููู
ุงู ุงูุณุงุจููู. ูู
ู
394
00:33:24,460 --> 00:33:32,290
ุฎูุงู ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ู ุงูุชู ููุฑูุช ู
ุน ุงูู hemoglobin A1Cุ ูุนูู
395
00:33:32,290 --> 00:33:38,630
ุชุจูู ุฃู ุงูู 1,5 AG ู
ู
ูู ูููุดู ุนู ุจุนุถ ุงูุญุงูุงุช
396
00:33:38,630 --> 00:33:48,990
ุงูุชู ูุนููุงู ูููุง ุงุฑุชูุงุน ูู ู
ุณุชูู
397
00:33:48,990 --> 00:33:53,770
ุงูุฌููููุฒุ Spikesุ ูุนูู ูู
ุง ูููุง
398
00:33:53,770 --> 00:33:59,950
postprandial Spikes ู
ู ุงูู Hyperglycemia
399
00:34:01,330 --> 00:34:04,510
ู ููุง ุนูุฏูุง ู
ุซุงูุ ุนูุฏูุง ููุง patient
400
00:34:04,510 --> 00:34:12,550
fifty year old femaleุ ู ุงูู hemoglobin A1c ูุญุตูู
401
00:34:12,550 --> 00:34:20,630
ูุฌุฏู 7.4 ุจุงูู
ุฆุฉุ ู ุนูุฏู
ุง ูุญุตูุง ุงูู
402
00:34:20,630 --> 00:34:24,
445
00:38:28,420 --> 00:38:33,420
ุซูุงุซู
ุงุฆุฉ milligram ุงููู ูู ูู ุงูุฃุฑุจุน ูุนุดุฑูู ุณุงุนุฉ
446
00:38:33,420 --> 00:38:40,100
ูู ุงูู type oneุ ุงูู type two diabetes mellitus ุจุฑุถู
447
00:38:40,100 --> 00:38:44,160
microalbuminuria occurred in 38 percent of
448
00:38:44,160 --> 00:38:49,350
participants in a cohort study. ูุจูู ุงูู type one ู
449
00:38:49,350 --> 00:38:53,730
ุงูู type two ุทุจุนุง ูุนูู ู
ู ุงูู complications ุฃูู ูุตูุฑ
450
00:38:53,730 --> 00:38:59,170
ูู ุนูุฏูุง ุงููู ูู microalbuminuriaุ ูุงููู ู
ู
ูู ุชุชุทูุฑ
451
00:38:59,170 --> 00:39:02,090
ุฅููู ุจุฑุถู macroalbuminuria
452
00:39:04,610 --> 00:39:08,370
ุงูุชุญูู ู
ู ุงูู diabetic nephropathy ูุนุชู
ุฏ ุนูู ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
453
00:39:08,370 --> 00:39:10,650
ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุฃูุจูู
ูููุฉ.
454
00:39:10,650 --> 00:39:13,110
455
00:39:13,110 --> 00:39:15,890
456
00:39:15,890 --> 00:39:19,850
457
00:39:19,850 --> 00:39:20,590
458
00:39:20,590 --> 00:39:20,630
459
00:39:20,630 --> 00:39:21,610
460
00:39:21,610 --> 00:39:25,070
ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุฃูุจูู
ูููุฉุ ูุชู
ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงููููุ ูุจูุดูู ุฅุฐุง
461
00:39:25,070 --> 00:39:31,070
ูู ุนูุฏูุง ูุนูู ุจุฏุฃุช ุงูู... ู
ู
ูู ุงูู nephropathy ุฃู
462
00:39:31,070 --> 00:39:35,730
ุจุฏุฃ ูุตูุฑ ูู ุนูุฏูุง ุฎูู ูู ุงูููู. Persistent
463
00:39:35,730 --> 00:39:38,930
proteinuria detectable by routine screening
464
00:39:43,120 --> 00:39:46,260
ุงูู persistent ุงููู ูู proteinuria ุฃู ุงููู ูู
465
00:39:46,260 --> 00:39:49,640
ุณู
ูููุงูุง ุงูู macroproteinuria detectable by routine
466
00:39:49,640 --> 00:39:54,020
screening test. ุงูุฃูุจูู
ูู ุงููู ูู excretion rate
467
00:39:54,020 --> 00:39:57,360
ุฃูุซุฑ ู
ู 200 ู
ููุฑูุฌุฑุงู
ููู ุฏูููุฉุ ุฃู ุงููู ูู ุฃูุซุฑ
468
00:39:57,360 --> 00:40:03,900
ู
ู 300 ู
ููุฌุฑุงู
ุฒู ู
ุง ุญูููุง ูู ุงูุฃุฑุจุน ูุนุดุฑูู ุณุงุนุฉ ุทุจุนุง
469
00:40:03,900 --> 00:40:06,660
ุฅุฐุง ูุงู ูู ุนูุฏูุง persistent proteinuriaุ ุฃู ุงููู ูู
470
00:40:06,660 --> 00:40:12,620
macroalbuminuriaุ ู
ุนูุงุชู ูุฐุง ุจููุญู ุฃูู
471
00:40:12,620 --> 00:40:15,820
ูู ุนูุฏูุง overt diabetic nephropathy
472
00:40:18,000 --> 00:40:20,720
ุทุจุนุง ูุฐุง ูุนูู ู
ู ุงูู... ุฃููุฏ ุงููู ูู ุงูู long term
473
00:40:20,720 --> 00:40:24,300
complications associated with long-standing
474
00:40:24,300 --> 00:40:29,220
disease. Once diabetic nephropathy occurs, renal
475
00:40:29,220 --> 00:40:33,260
function deteriorates rapidly and renal
476
00:40:33,260 --> 00:40:38,220
insufficiency evolves. ูุทุจุนุง ู
ู
ูู ููุชูู ุงูู
ุฑูุถ ุจู
477
00:40:38,220 --> 00:40:42,040
ุงููู ูู end-stage renal disease ู renal failure
478
00:40:42,920 --> 00:40:46,360
Treatment at this stage can retard the rate of
479
00:40:46,360 --> 00:40:50,240
progression without stopping or reversing the
480
00:40:50,240 --> 00:40:56,320
renal damage. ุนุดุงู
481
00:40:56,320 --> 00:41:05,020
ููู ุทุจุนุงุ ุงูู
ุชุงุจุนุฉ ู
ูู
ุฉุ ูุนูู ุฃูู ููุดู ุนู ูุฌูุฏ ุงูู
482
00:41:05,020 --> 00:41:08,000
... ุงูู... ุงูู albuminuriaุ ุฃู ุฒู ู
ุง ูููุง ูุงูุช ูุนูู
483
00:41:08,000 --> 00:41:12,460
ุชุณู
ู ุณุงุจูุง microalbuminuriaุ ูุจุงูุชุงูู ูุนูู ู
ู
ูู
484
00:41:12,460 --> 00:41:18,520
ูููู ููู ูุฑุตุฉ ููุชุฏุฎู ูู
ูุน ุญุฏูุซ ุงูู... ุงูู renal
485
00:41:18,520 --> 00:41:19,640
failure
486
00:41:22,040 --> 00:41:24,860
ูุจูู preceding this stageุ ุงููู ูุจู ู
ุฑุญูุฉ ุงูู
487
00:41:24,860 --> 00:41:28,200
macroalbuminuriaุ ููู ุฃูู ู
ุฑุญูุฉ of increased
488
00:41:28,200 --> 00:41:32,720
albumin excretion rate not detected by routine
489
00:41:32,720 --> 00:41:36,720
dipstick methods. ูุจูู ุจุงูุทุฑููุฉ ุงููู ูู ุงูุนุงุฏูุฉ
490
00:41:36,720 --> 00:41:40,560
ุงููู ุจููุญุต ูููุง ุงูู proteinุ ูุงูู dipstick ู
ุด ู
ู
ูู
491
00:41:40,560 --> 00:41:45,140
ุฃู ููุฏุฑ ูุนู
ู detection ููุฐู ุงููู
ูุงุช ุงูููููุฉ ู
ู
492
00:41:45,530 --> 00:41:48,430
ุงูุฃูุจูู
ูู ุงููู ูุชุฑุงูุญ ุจูู ุนุดุฑูู ุฅูู ู
ุฆุชูู microgram
493
00:41:48,430 --> 00:41:52,270
ูู ุงูุฏูููุฉุ ุฃู ุซูุงุซูู ุฅูู ุซูุงุซู
ุงุฆุฉ milligram ููู
494
00:41:52,270 --> 00:41:57,090
ุงููู ูู ุงูุฃุฑุจุน ูุนุดุฑูู ุณุงุนุฉ ุชู
ุงู
ุงุ ููุฐู ุงูู
ุฑุญูุฉ ุงููู
495
00:41:57,090 --> 00:42:02,610
ูููุง microalbuminuriaุ ุฃู albuminuria. Current
496
00:42:02,610 --> 00:42:04,490
nomenclature has eliminated the term
497
00:42:04,490 --> 00:42:09,750
microalbuminuria. ุฅู macroalbuminuria ูุนูู ุงูุขู ูุฃูู
498
00:42:09,750 --> 00:42:14,610
ูุนูู ู
ู
ูู ุชููู
ุฎุทุฃ ุงููู ูู microalbuminuria ุชู
ุงู
ุง
499
00:42:14,610 --> 00:42:17,330
ุฃูู ุจูุญูู ูุนูู ุนู albumin ุงููู ูู ู
ู
ูู ูููู ูุนูู
500
00:42:17,330 --> 00:42:22,790
microุ ุฃู ูุนูู ุตุบูุฑุ ูุงุณุชุจุฏููู ุจุงูู albuminuriaุ ููู
501
00:42:22,790 --> 00:42:26,110
ูุบุงูุฉ ุงูุขู ูุนูู ูุงุณ ูุซูุฑ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู
ุงููู ูู ุงูู micro
502
00:42:26,110 --> 00:42:29,010
albuminuria ูุงูู macroalbuminuria
503
00:42:31,210 --> 00:42:33,510
ุชู
ุงู
. ูุจูู ุงูุณุจุจ ุฒู ู
ุง ูููุง ุฅู ุงูู macroalbuminuria
504
00:42:33,510 --> 00:42:37,850
ูุนูู ู
ู
ูู ูููู misleadingุ ุขู ูุนูู ู
ุง ุจูุชููู
505
00:42:37,850 --> 00:42:42,310
ุงูู
ุตุทูุญ ุจุดูู ุตุญูุญ. implies a small version of the
506
00:42:42,310 --> 00:42:45,970
albumin molecule rather than an excretion rate of
507
00:42:45,970 --> 00:42:49,590
albumin greater than normal but less than detectable
508
00:42:49,590 --> 00:42:53,570
by routine methods. ูุจูู ู
ู
ูู ูููู
ุฅู micro ู
ุนูุงุชู
509
00:42:53,570 --> 00:42:57,910
ุฅู ูู ุนูุฏูุง ูุนูู ุฒู ูุณุฎุฉุ ููู ุงููู ูู ุฃุตุบุฑุ ู
ู
ูู ู
ู
510
00:42:57,910 --> 00:43:03,180
ุงูู albumin ุงูุทุจูุนู. ูุจุชุงุนุ ุนูุดุงู ููู ุงููู ูู ุงูู micro
511
00:43:03,180 --> 00:43:07,240
albuminuriaุ ูุนูู ูุง ููุญุจูุฐ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู
ูุฐุง ุงูู
ุตุทูุญุ ููู
512
00:43:07,240 --> 00:43:12,180
ุฅุญูุง ุงูุฏุงุฑุฌ ุงููู... ุงููู ูุนููุง ุจูุณุชุฎุฏู
ูู ุงูู micro
513
00:43:12,180 --> 00:43:18,020
albuminuria ุทุจุนุง
514
00:43:18,020 --> 00:43:27,180
ุงูู
ุดููุฉ ููู ุฃูู ุจูุตูุฑ ูู ุนูุฏูุง ู
ุฑูุฑ ูู ุงูู albumin ุนุจุฑ
515
00:43:28,810 --> 00:43:32,310
ุงูู glomerulusุ ูู ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู tuft of capillaries
516
00:43:32,310 --> 00:43:35,830
ุฒู ู
ุง ุฃูุชู
ุนุงุฑูููุ ูุงููู ู
ู ุฎูุงููุง ุจูุตูุฑ ุนู
ููุฉ ุงูู
517
00:43:35,830 --> 00:43:44,710
wall filtration ููู bloodุ ููู ุนูุฏูุง ุทุจุนุง ูุนูู ุงููู
518
00:43:44,710 --> 00:43:51,610
ูู ุงูู proteins ุงููู molecular weight ุฃูู
519
00:43:51,610 --> 00:43:51,890
ู
ู
520
00:43:54,810 --> 00:44:01,290
ุชูุฑูุจุง ุณุชูู ููููุฏุงูุชููุ ูุจูู ุงูู... ุฅุฐุง ูุงู ุฃูุจุฑ ู
ู
521
00:44:01,290 --> 00:44:05,430
ุณุชูู ููููุฏุงูุชูู ูุจูู ู
ุง ุจูุณููุญููุด filtrationุ ุจูุถู ู
ูุฌูุฏ
522
00:44:05,430 --> 00:44:09,050
ุจุงูุฏู
ุ ุฅุฐุง ุฃูู ู
ู
ูู ูุณูู filtrationุ ุงูุขู ุจูุตูุฑ
523
00:44:09,050 --> 00:44:15,290
ูู ุนูุฏูุง ู
ุดููุฉ ูู ุงูู... ุงูู pores ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ูู ุงูู
524
00:44:15,290 --> 00:44:21,790
capillariesุ ูุจุงูุชุงูู ูุฐุง ุจูุณู
ุญ ุจู
ุฑูุฑ ุงููู ูู
525
00:44:21,790 --> 00:44:26,290
proteins ุงููู ุงูู molecular weight ุจุชุงุนุชูุง ุฃูุจุฑ ู
ู
526
00:44:26,290 --> 00:44:31,310
ุณุชูู ููููุฏุงูุชููุ ุงููู ูู ุฒู ุงูู albuminุ ูุจุงูุชุงูู
527
00:44:31,310 --> 00:44:37,710
ุจููุงูู ุฃูู ุจุฏุฃ ูุตูุฑ ูู ุนูุฏูุง concentration ุฃุนูู ู
ู ูุฐู
528
00:44:37,710 --> 00:44:44,590
ุงูู proteins ูู ุงูู urine. ูุจูู ู
ุชุงุจุนุชูุง ููู
ูุงุช
529
00:44:44,590 --> 00:44:49,610
ุงูุฃูุจูู
ูู ุงููู ุจุชุณูู excretion ูู ุงูู urine ุจุชุนุทู
530
00:44:49,610 --> 00:44:55,070
indication ุนู ุญุงูุฉ ุงูู microvessels ูู ุงูููู
531
00:44:55,070 --> 00:45:00,130
ูุจุงูุชุงูู ุงูู risk ููุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจุงูู diabetic
532
00:45:00,130 --> 00:45:04,310
nephropathyุ ุฃู ูุนูู ู
ุณุชูุจูุง ุจุงูู end-stage renal
533
00:45:04,310 --> 00:45:08,250
disease. ูุจูู persistent albumin excretion rate
534
00:45:08,250 --> 00:45:12,410
greater than 20 microgram per minute represents a
535
00:45:12,410 --> 00:45:16,330
twenty-fold greater risk for the development of
536
00:45:16,330 --> 00:45:22,260
clinically overt renal disease. ูุฅุฐุง ูุงู ุฅู ุงูู
537
00:45:22,260 --> 00:45:25,920
excretion ุฃุนูู ู
ู ุนุดุฑูู microgram ุจุงูุฏูููุฉุ ูุจูู
538
00:45:25,920 --> 00:45:31,780
ู
ุนูุงุชู ุงูุดุฎุต ูุฐุง ุนูุฏู ุงูู risk ุนุดุฑูู ู
ุฑุฉ ุฃูุซุฑ
539
00:45:31,780 --> 00:45:36,880
ูุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจุงูู kidney diseaseุ ูุจุงูู patients ูู
540
00:45:36,880 --> 00:45:44,460
ุงูู type 1 ุฃู ุงูู type 2ุูุจุฑุถู ุงูุนุฏูุฏ ู
ู ุงูุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุฃูุฏุช
541
00:45:44,460 --> 00:45:48,240
ูุฐุง ุงูููุงู
ุ ูุฃูุฏุช ุฅู ุงูู increased urinary albumin
542
00:45:48,240 --> 00:45:50,840
excretion in patients with diabetes mellitus
543
00:45:50,840 --> 00:45:54,060
precedes and is highly predictive of diabetic
544
00:45:54,060 --> 00:45:56,800
nephropathy, end-stage renal disease,
545
00:45:57,400 --> 00:46:02,280
cardiovascular mortalityุ ูุงูู total mortality
546
00:46:02,280 --> 00:46:03,580
ุจุดูู ุนุงู
547
00:46:06,170 --> 00:46:13,290
ูุงูู
ุชุงุจุนุฉ ู
ูู
ุฉุ ูุฃูู ูุนููุง ุฅุฐุง ูุงู ุชู
ุงููุดู
548
00:46:13,290 --> 00:46:22,650
ุนู ุงูู albuminuriaุ ูุจูู ุงูุชุฏุฎู ุงูุนูุงุฌู ู
ู
ูู ูููู
549
00:46:22,650 --> 00:46:26,730
ู
ู ุงุญุชู
ุงููุฉ ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุงูุดุฎุต ู
ุณุชูุจูุง ุจู kidney disease
550
00:46:26,730 --> 00:46:33,750
ููุฐุง ู
ู ุฎูุงู ุฏุฑุงุณุชููุ ุงููู ูู ุงุณู
ูุง DCCT ู UKPDS
551
00:46:33,750 --> 00:46:37,910
ูุงุฏูู ุงูุฏุฑุงุณุชูู ุฃุธูุฑูุง ุฅูู intensive diabetes
552
00:46:37,910 --> 00:46:41,470
therapy can significantly reduce the risk of
553
00:46:41,470 --> 00:46:45,230
development of increased albumin excretion rate
554
00:46:45,230 --> 00:46:48,290
and overt nephropathy in individuals with diabetes
555
00:46:48,290 --> 00:46:58,730
ูุจูู ุงูุชุฏุฎู ู
ู
ูู ูุนููุง ูููู ู
ู ุงููู ูู ูุนูู ุงูู
556
00:46:58,730 --> 00:47:03,910
nephropathyุ ุฃู ุงูุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจุงูู renal diseaseุ ุนุดุงู
557
00:47:03,910 --> 00:47:09,810
ููู ุงูู
ุชุงุจุนุฉ ูู
ุณุชููุงุช ุงูู albumin ุจุงูู urine ู
ูู
ุฉ
558
00:47:12,210 --> 00:47:17,870
ุจุฑุถู ุงููู ูู ุงูุฒูุงุฏุฉ ูู ุงูู excretion ูู ุงูู albumin
559
00:47:17,870 --> 00:47:24,850
ุจุงูู urine ุจุฑุถู ู
ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุงูู cardiovascular diseases
560
00:47:24,850 --> 00:47:28,770
ุจุฑุถูุ ูุฒูุงุฏุฉ ูู ุงูู albumin excretion rate
561
00:47:28,770 --> 00:47:32,950
identifies a group of non-diabetic subjects at
562
00:47:32,950 --> 00:47:39,830
increased risk for coronary artery disease. ููู
ุงู
563
00:47:39,830 --> 00:47:44,050
ุญุชู ุนูุฏ ุงููู ูู ุงููุงุณ ู
ู
ูู ุงููู ู
ุด ู
ุตุงุจูู
564
00:47:44,050 --> 00:47:52,570
ุจุงูู diabetesุ ู
ู
ูู ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู
ูุฐุง ุงููุญุต ูู
ุนุฑูุฉ ุฎุทุฑ
565
00:47:52,570 --> 00:47:57,110
ุฅุตุงุจุชูู
ุจุงูู coronary artery disease ู
ู ุงูู
566
00:47:57,110 --> 00:47:59,930
interventions. ุงูู control of blood glucose
567
00:47:59,930 --> 00:48:05,250
concentration ู blood pressureุ particularly with
568
00:48:05,250 --> 00:48:09,860
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitorsุ ุนุดุงู ุงููู
569
00:48:09,860 --> 00:48:15,660
ูู ู
ู ู
ุฎูุถุฉุ ุทุจุนุง ุฃุฏููุฉ ุงูู
ุฎูุถุฉ ูู ุงูุถุบุท. Slow the
570
00:48:15,660 --> 00:48:22,580
rate of decline in renal function. ูููุง
571
00:48:22,580 --> 00:48:25,920
ุงููู ูู ูุชุงุฆุฌ ุงูุฏุฑุงุณุชูู ุงููู ุญูููุง ุนูููู
ุ ุงููู ูู
572
00:48:25,920 --> 00:48:31,720
ุงูู DCCT ูุงูู UKPDSุ ููู ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู ุฃูุถุงุ Kumamoto
573
00:48:33,340 --> 00:48:36,500
ุงูุชุฎููุถ ูู ุงูู hemoglobin A1C ูุนูู ููู ูู ูุฐู ุงูุฏุฑุงุณุฉ
574
00:48:36,500 --> 00:48:40,840
ุงูุฃูููุ ู
ู ูฉ ุฅูู ูง.ูขุ ููู ุงูู incidence of
575
00:48:40,840 --> 00:48:44,180
complications ููู retinopathy ุจูุณุจุฉ ูฆูฃูชุ ููุฑูุจุงุซู
576
00:48:44,180 --> 00:48:48,740
ุจูุณุจุฉ ูฅูคูชุ ูููุฑูุจุงุซู ุจูุณุจุฉ ูฆู ูชุ ูุงูู cardiovascular
577
00:48:48,740 --> 00:48:54,380
disease ุจูุณุจุฉ ูคูกูช. ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุซุงููุฉ ููููุง ุงูู hemoglobin
578
00:48:54,380 --> 00:48:58,520
A1C ู
ู ูฉ ุฅูู ูง ุจุฑุถูุ ูุฐุง ููู ู
ู ุงูู complications
579
00:48:58,520 --> 00:49:04,700
ุจุงูู retinopathy ูุงูู nephropathyุ ูุฃูุถุง ุญุณูู ู
ู ุงููู ูู
580
00:49:04,700 --> 00:49:11,940
ูุนูู ุนู
ู ุงููู ูู ุงูุฃุนุตุงุจุ ุฃู ุงูู neurons. ูุงูุฏุฑุงุณุฉ
581
00:49:11,940 --> 00:49:16,820
ุงูุซุงูุซุฉ ููููุง ุงูู hemoglobin A1C ู
ู ุซู
ุงููุฉ ุฅูู ุณุจุนุฉ
582
00:49:16,820 --> 00:49:21,940
ููุฐุง ุจุฑุถู ููู ู
ู ุงูู incidence ูู ุงูู complications
583
00:49:21,940 --> 00:49:25,680
ุฒู ุงูู retinopathy ูุงูู nephropathy ูุฃูุถุง ุงูู
584
00:49:25,680 --> 00:49:28,440
cardiovascular disease
585
00:49:31,150 --> 00:49:34,870
ููู ุจูููู ุฃููููุง ุงููู ูู ู
ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงูู diabetes
586
00:49:34,870 --> 00:49:39,710
mellitus ุงูุฌุฒุฆููุ ูุจูุถู ุนูุฏูุง ุงูู case studies ุงููู
587
00:49:39,710 --> 00:49:46,350
ููุดูู ุฅู ุดุงุก ุงููู ูู ุงูููุงุก ุงููุฌุงููุ ููุนุทููู
ุฃูู
588
00:49:46,350 --> 00:49:46,910
ุนุงููุฉ
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