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1
00:00:21,060 --> 00:00:24,640
ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ

2
00:00:24,640 --> 00:00:29,820
ู†ุตูˆุฑ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ุง ุงู†ู‚ุทุงุน 

3
00:00:29,820 --> 00:00:38,000
ูู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ุนูˆุถู‡ุง ุจุณ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ how to

4
00:00:38,000 --> 00:00:44,260
recognize the presence of astigmatism ูƒูŠู ูŠุนู†ูŠ

5
00:00:44,260 --> 00:00:52,280
ู†ุฏุฑูƒ ุฃูˆ ู†ู„ู…ุณ ุฃู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุงุณุชุฌู…ุงุชูŠุฒู… ู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุนุฏุฉ

6
00:00:52,280 --> 00:00:59,980
ุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุฅู† ู†ุฌุฏ one meridian of the

7
00:00:59,980 --> 00:01:09,200
cornea is neutral and the perpendicular with it

8
00:01:09,200 --> 00:01:17,780
has with or against moment ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ

9
00:01:17,780 --> 00:01:24,740
ูŠุฌูŠุจ ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑุงู„ ุฅู† ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑุงู„ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ 

10
00:01:24,740 --> 00:01:28,980
ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† with or against ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง

11
00:01:28,980 --> 00:01:37,640
ูุงุนู„ ุงุณุชุฌู…ุงุชูŠุฒู… ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃูˆ ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃู†

12
00:01:37,640 --> 00:01:43,290
ูŠูƒูˆู† one meridian against ูˆ one meridian with ูŠุนู†ูŠ

13
00:01:43,290 --> 00:01:47,610
ุจุญุฑูƒ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุชุญุฑูƒ with ูˆุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจุชุญุฑูƒ

14
00:01:47,610 --> 00:01:54,730
against ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุงุณุชุฌู…ุงุชูŠุฒู… ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃู†

15
00:01:54,730 --> 00:02:01,610
ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† wide reflex ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ narrow reflex ูŠุจู‚ู‰

16
00:02:01,610 --> 00:02:06,610
ุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุงุณุชุฌู…ุงุชูŠุฒู… ุงู„ู…ุฑู‡ุงู†ุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† well

17
00:02:06,610 --> 00:02:12,270
ุฃูˆ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† against ู„ูƒู† ูˆุงุญุฏ wild ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ high

18
00:02:12,270 --> 00:02:16,050
refractive error ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ narrow ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุนุงู‡ small

19
00:02:16,050 --> 00:02:21,190
refractive error ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู„ุฌูŠู‡

20
00:02:26,610 --> 00:02:30,690
ุงู„ุงุณุชุฌู…ุงุชูŠุฒู… ุจุชู†ูˆุน ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† low myopia high

21
00:02:30,690 --> 00:02:34,210
myopia low hypermetropia high hypermetropia ููŠ ู†ูุณ

22
00:02:34,210 --> 00:02:40,430
ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃู† ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนูŠูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ 

23
00:02:40,430 --> 00:02:45,210
ุงุณุชุฌู…ุงุชูŠูƒ ุฃูุด ุงุณุชุฌู…ุงุชูŠูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ูˆุน ุงุณุชุฌู…ุงุชูŠุฒู… ู‚ู„ูŠู„ 

24
00:02:45,210 --> 00:02:52,830
ุฌุฏุง ูˆู„ูˆ ุญุชู‰ one quarter ู„ูˆ ุญุชู‰ ุฑุจุน ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ two

25
00:02:52,830 --> 00:02:59,010
medians ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฌู…ุงุชูŠุฒู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆู‚ุงุจู„ ู„ู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุจุนุฏ

26
00:02:59,010 --> 00:03:04,150
ู‡ูŠูƒ Infectedroscopy can save time during

27
00:03:04,150 --> 00:03:08,030
subjective refinement in eyes with very low

28
00:03:08,030 --> 00:03:12,090
amounts of astigmatism ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุงุซุจุชุด ุฃู†ู‡

29
00:03:12,090 --> 00:03:16,230
ุงู„ู€ astigmatism ุจูŠุตูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฑุจุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุจุน 

30
00:03:16,230 --> 00:03:20,810
ุงู„ู†ุต ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุฌูŠุจู‡ ุจุตุนูˆุจุฉ ู„ูƒู† ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„

31
00:03:20,810 --> 00:03:23,890
astigmatism ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุงู„ุฑูŠุชูŠู†ูˆุณูƒูˆุจ ุฌุงุจู‡ ุฃุญุณู† ูƒูˆูŠุณ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูŠูƒ 

32
00:03:23,890 --> 00:03:27,750
ุจู‚ูˆู„ Subjectively, locating the axis with minimal

33
00:03:27,750 --> 00:03:31,170
cylinder power can be time-consuming and sometimes

34
00:03:31,170 --> 00:03:34,730
confusing a confusing task for a patient during

35
00:03:34,730 --> 00:03:39,210
refractometry ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ subjective ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง

36
00:03:39,210 --> 00:03:42,750
ุจูŠุณุนู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุฑูŠุชูŠู†ูˆุณูƒูˆุจ ู…ุงุฌูŠุจุด ุงู„ุฑุจุน ุฃูˆ

37
00:03:42,750 --> 00:03:48,930
ู…ุงุฌูŠุจุด ุงู„ู†ุต ูุงู„ู€ subjective correction ุจุนุฏ 

38
00:03:48,930 --> 00:03:54,930
ู‡ูŠูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ a chart ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู†ูŠ ุฃุถูŠู ุฑุจุน ุฃูˆ ุฃุญุฐู ุฑุจุน

39
00:03:54,930 --> 00:04:00,210
ุจุญูŠุซ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุตุญุญ ุงู„ุฑุงุญุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ good vision ุงู„ู€ good

40
00:04:00,210 --> 00:04:05,310
vision ู…ุน ุงู„ comfort ู„ุฃู† ู…ุด ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุงู„ retroscope

41
00:04:05,310 --> 00:04:14,050
ุจูŠุฌูŠุจ 100% power ุณูŠู„ู†ุฏุฑ ูˆู„ุง 100% access ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ

42
00:04:14,050 --> 00:04:16,750
ุงู„ู€ subjective ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ refinement

43
00:04:19,760 --> 00:04:25,480
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ subjective subjective ูŠุนู†ูŠ 

44
00:04:25,480 --> 00:04:32,160
ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุชุญุณูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ objective the

45
00:04:32,160 --> 00:04:34,760
middle of the eyes have with the role a stigmatism

46
00:04:34,760 --> 00:04:38,500
ุฅูŠุด with the roleุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ night ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู€ ..

47
00:04:38,500 --> 00:04:44,460
ุงู„ู€ vertical ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ุดูˆูŠุฉ plus cylinder axis close to

48
00:04:44,460 --> 00:04:47,520
90 degree or minus cylinder axis to .. ู‡ู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง

49
00:04:47,520 --> 00:04:51,040
Therefore it is probably best to first assess the

50
00:04:51,040 --> 00:04:54,580
vertical meridian ุฃุจุฏุฃ ููŠู‡ when they're using plus

51
00:04:54,580 --> 00:04:57,900
cylinder or horizontal when using minus cylinder

52
00:04:57,900 --> 00:05:02,700
ุฃู†ุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุงู„ูŠ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ูƒูˆุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ ููŠ ู‚ุทุงุน ุบุฒุฉ

53
00:05:02,700 --> 00:05:10,550
ุฏู‚ุจูˆุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุตู„ูŠุญ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ู†ุฏุฑ ุจุณููŠุฑ ุณููŠุฑ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ

54
00:05:10,550 --> 00:05:14,890
ุณููŠุฑ ุณููŠุฑุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุณููŠุฑ ุจูŠูƒุชุจ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ

55
00:05:14,890 --> 00:05:20,170
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุซู„ุง plus two ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจูŠุดูŠู„ plus two ูˆุจูŠุจุฏุฃ 

56
00:05:20,170 --> 00:05:26,350
ูŠุดุชุบู„ ุน ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจุณููŠุฑ ุชุงู†ูŠ ูˆุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ

57
00:05:26,350 --> 00:05:32,110
ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ ูˆุฃุธู†ูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนู…ู„ ู…ุณุชุนู…ู„ูŠู†ู‡ุง ูƒูŠู ุชุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ููŠ

58
00:05:32,110 --> 00:05:39,980
ุงู„ู…ุนู…ู„ ู„ุง stigmatismุŸ ุณููŠุฑ ุณููŠุฑ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ 

59
00:05:39,980 --> 00:05:44,220
ุงู„ู…ุจุชุฏุฆูŠู† ู…ุน ุงู„ุฃุณู ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุจุชุฏุฆูŠู†

60
00:05:44,220 --> 00:05:51,880
ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ experience ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุดุชุบู„ ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ

61
00:05:51,880 --> 00:05:58,220
ุจุณููŠุฑ ูˆุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจุณูŠู„ู†ุฏุฑ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุดุชุบู„ ุจุงู„ุณูŠู„ู†ุฏุฑ

62
00:05:58,220 --> 00:06:03,080
ุจูŠูˆูุฑ ู…ุฌู‡ูˆุฏ ุงู„ุณููŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุทู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰

63
00:06:03,080 --> 00:06:10,130
360 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุจูŠุดูŠู„ ุงู„ู‡ุงุด ูˆุงู„ุณูŠู„ู†ุฏุฑ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€

64
00:06:10,130 --> 00:06:13,990
Axis Zero ูˆุงู„ู€ Power ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูุฃู†ุง ุจุญุท ุณูŠู„ู†ุฏุฑ ุฃูˆ 

65
00:06:13,990 --> 00:06:16,610
ุจุนู…ู„ neutralization ู„ู…ุง ุฃุฎู„ุต ุงู„ู€ neutralization

66
00:06:16,610 --> 00:06:21,650
ุจุงู„ุณูŠู„ู†ุฏุฑ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒู„ู‡ู… neutral ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุงุดุชุบู„ุช ุณููŠุฑ

67
00:06:21,650 --> 00:06:26,070
ุณููŠุฑ ุญุชู‰ ุฑุฃุดูŠ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ู†ุฏุฑ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุณููŠุฑ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„

68
00:06:26,070 --> 00:06:32,950
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฎู„ู‘ููˆุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุจุณููŠุฑ ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุณููŠุฑ ู„ุบูŠุฑู‡ ู‡ู„ุฃ

69
00:06:32,950 --> 00:06:37,270
ู„ูˆ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ู†ุฏุฑ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุณููŠุฑ 

70
00:06:37,270 --> 00:06:41,670
ุณูŠู„ู†ุฏุฑ ู„ุฃ ุจุฎู„ู‘ูŠ ุงู„ุณููŠุฑ ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ ู…ุงุจุดูŠู„ูˆุด ู…ุด ูุฏู‡ ุจูˆูุฑ 

71
00:06:41,670 --> 00:06:48,550
ู…ุนุงูŠุง ูˆู‚ุช ูˆุฌู‡ุฏ ู‡ุชุดูˆูู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ุทูŠุจ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ astigmatism

72
00:06:48,550 --> 00:06:52,090
is recognized as a source of confusion for

73
00:06:52,090 --> 00:06:57,010
beginning refractionists ุฃูˆ retinoscopists ูŠุนู†ูŠ 

74
00:06:57,010 --> 00:07:02,740
ุงู„ู…ุชุฏู‚ูŠูŠู† ุจุฎุงููˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุณูŠู„ู†ุฏุฑ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ุนุงูƒู…ุŸ ู„ู…ุง ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ

75
00:07:02,740 --> 00:07:12,360
ุญุงู„ุฉ astigmatism ููŠู‡ ุฑู‡ุจุฉ ุงู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุญู„ ุฃู† ุฃุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน

76
00:07:12,360 --> 00:07:22,180
ุงู„ุนูŠู† ูƒู€ two eyes ู…ุด ุฃูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ I ุฃุดุชุบู„ู‡ุง ุจุณููŠุฑ ูˆุงู„

77
00:07:22,180 --> 00:07:25,940
I ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃู‚ุตุฏ ุงู„ู€ meridian ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ 

78
00:07:25,940 --> 00:07:35,860
ุจุณูŠู„ู†ุฏุฑ ุณููŠุฑู‡ ุณูŠู„ู†ุฏุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุขู† ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชุนู„ู… ุณููŠุฑ ุณูŠู„ู†ุฏุฑ

79
00:07:35,860 --> 00:07:43,720
ูˆุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุณููŠุฑู‡ ุณูŠู„ู†ุฏุฑ ุฅูŠุด 

80
00:07:43,720 --> 00:07:50,000
ุงู„ุณููŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ meridian ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ametropia

81
00:07:50,000 --> 00:07:55,350
ุทุจ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุณูŠู„ู†ุฏุฑ ุงู„ู€ meridian ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุทุจ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€

82
00:07:55,350 --> 00:07:58,130
spherical cylinderุŸ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€

83
00:07:58,130 --> 00:08:02,530
spherical cylinder ุทูŠุจ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ุง .. ูˆุฃู†ุง

84
00:08:02,530 --> 00:08:09,990
ุจุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนุจ ููŠู‡ ู„ุงุนุจูŠู† ู†ุญู† ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู„ุงุนุจูŠู†

85
00:08:09,990 --> 00:08:17,350
ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ุงุนุจูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนู…ู„ุŸ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุถูˆุก ุจุชุงุนูŠ 

86
00:08:17,350 --> 00:08:22,710
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ intercept ุฃูˆ streak ุถูˆุก ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุด

87
00:08:22,710 --> 00:08:27,410
ู…ุงู†ุฒู„ ุถูˆุก ุถูˆุฆูŠู‡ ุฏู‡ ูˆุฃูŠู† ุจูŠุฑูˆุญู‡ุง ู†ุนู… ูุงู„ุถูˆุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ 

88
00:08:27,410 --> 00:08:32,750
ุจุถูˆุฆูŠู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุนูŠู† ุงู„ุนูŠู‘ู† ูˆุฃูŠู† ุจูŠุฑูˆุญู‡ุŸ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ุน ุงู„ุฑูŠุชูŠู†ู‡ ูˆ

89
00:08:32,750 --> 00:08:40,890
ุงู„ุฑูŠุชูŠู†ู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ุŸ reflection ุงู†ุนูƒุงุณ ุงู„ุงู†ุนูƒุงุณ

90
00:08:40,890 --> 00:08:44,110
ุจุชุงุนู‡ุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ู„ู€ reflex ุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุนู†ู‡ red

91
00:08:44,110 --> 00:08:52,170
reflexุŸ ุงู„ุงู†ุนูƒุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฌูŠู†ูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ reflex ุทุจ ู‡ู„ ูƒู„ 

92
00:08:52,170 --> 00:08:56,060
ุงู„ุนูŠูˆู† reflex ุจุชุงุนู‡ู… ูˆุงุญุฏุŸ ุทุจ ุงู„ู€ reflex ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰

93
00:08:56,060 --> 00:09:02,680
ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ุน ุงู„ู€ optical power of the eye ุงู„ู€ reflex

94
00:09:02,680 --> 00:09:06,760
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู„ู‡ ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ optical power of the 

95
00:09:06,760 --> 00:09:10,540
eye ุทูŠุจุŒ

96
00:09:10,540 --> 00:09:17,060
ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุนูŠูˆู† ูƒู„ ุณููŠุฑ ูˆููŠ ุนูŠูˆู† ุณููŠุฑ ูˆุณูŠู„ู†ุฏุฑ ู…ุด

97
00:09:17,060 --> 00:09:21,940
ุจูŠุฏูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ู€ optical power ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ pure myopiaุŒ 

98
00:09:21,940 --> 00:09:27,450
simple myopia ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ simple hypermetropia ุจุณ ุทุจ

99
00:09:27,450 --> 00:09:29,750
ุฃู†ุง ูƒู†ุช ุจุนุฑู ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง simple myopia ุฃูˆ simple

100
00:09:29,750 --> 00:09:33,530
hypermetropia ู…ู† ุฅูŠุด ุจุญุท ุงู„ู€ streak ุจุชุงุนูŠ ูˆุจุนู…ู„

101
00:09:33,530 --> 00:09:36,570
ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุญุท ุงู„ู€ streak ุจุชุงุนูŠ ูˆุจุนู…ู„ ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจุญุท ุงู„

102
00:09:36,570 --> 00:09:41,290
streak ุจุชุงุนูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ 45 ููŠ ุงู„ู€ 135 ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฅู† ุงุฌุช ูƒู„ู‡ 

103
00:09:41,290 --> 00:09:45,330
ุฒูŠ ุจุนุถ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุฒูŠ ุจุนุถ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ brightness ุฒูŠ ุจุนุถ

104
00:09:45,330 --> 00:09:49,670
ููŠ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉ ุฒูŠ ุจุนุถ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ wideness ุฒูŠ ุจุนุถ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุฎู„ุงุต

105
00:09:49,670 --> 00:09:54,640
ุงู„ุญู…ุฏ ู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุณููŠุฑ ุณููŠุฑ ูƒู„ู‡ ุณููŠุฑ ู„ูƒู† ุฅู†

106
00:09:54,640 --> 00:09:59,960
ู„ุฌูŠุช ู‡ูƒ ูˆู‡ูƒ against ู„ุฃ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจุชุงุนุฉ

107
00:09:59,960 --> 00:10:03,320
ุงู„ู€ astigmatism ุฅู† ู„ุฌูŠุช ูˆุงุญุฏ wide ูˆุงุญุฏ narrow ูˆุงุญุฏ 

108
00:10:03,320 --> 00:10:09,320
ุณุฑูŠุน ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุทูŠุก ุจูŠุจูŠู† ู…ุนุงูŠุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ู„ุงุนุจ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ 

109
00:10:09,320 --> 00:10:15,480
ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ cylinder axis ูˆู„ุง ู„ุง ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฏูˆู„ ู„ุงุฒู… ุฃู†ุง 

110
00:10:15,480 --> 00:10:18,580
ุงู…ุดูŠู‡ู… ุจุญูŠุซ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุฎุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ู€ neutral point ู…ู†ู‡ู… 

111
00:10:20,420 --> 00:10:22,420
The refractive error will not be probably

112
00:10:22,420 --> 00:10:26,820
neutralized if any one of the three components is

113
00:10:26,820 --> 00:10:32,060
not aligned. ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุฃู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุฃุฑุงุนูŠ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ

114
00:10:32,060 --> 00:10:38,200
ุฃูˆ ุฃูˆุถุญู‡ู… ุฎุทุฃ ููŠ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู†ุง ู„ุง ุฃุฎุฏ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ูˆู„ุง 

115
00:10:38,200 --> 00:10:43,680
ุฃุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุชุนุงุฏู„ ูˆุงุถุญุŸ 

116
00:10:43,680 --> 00:10:51,620
ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุฃู† ุฃุญุท ุงู„ู€ exact axis

117
00:10:51,620 --> 00:10:55,360
of primary median can be difficult when there is

118
00:10:55,360 --> 00:11:00,560
small astigmatism ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนุฒ ูˆ ุฌู„ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ

119
00:11:00,560 --> 00:11:07,080
ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุฌูŠุก ุชู†ุจุคู†ุง ูƒุจุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ุฅุซู… ูˆุงู„ููˆุญุด ุฅู„ุง ุงู„ู„ู…ู… ุฅูŠุด 

120
00:11:07,080 --> 00:11:14,400
ู„ุฌูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู„ู…ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุชูุณูŠุฑุŸ ุณุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ุฐู†ูˆุจ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุฌูŠุก 

121
00:11:14,400 --> 00:11:22,560
ุชู†ุจุคู†ุง ูƒุจุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ุฅุซู… ูˆุงู„ููˆุญุด ุฅู„ุง ุงู„ู„ู…ู… ุงู„ู„ู…ู… ุตุบูŠุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ 

122
00:11:22,560 --> 00:11:31,680
ุงู„ู„ุฌูˆุก ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ู…ู… ูุฑุจู†ุง

123
00:11:31,680 --> 00:11:36,840
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุบูุฑ ุงู„ู„ู…ู… ุฃู…ุง ูƒุจุงุฆุฑ ุฃุซู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุญุด 

124
00:11:36,840 --> 00:11:43,400
ุงู„ููˆุญุด ุงู„ูƒุจุงุฆุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดูŠุก ุตุนุจ ู‡ู†ุง small

125
00:11:43,400 --> 00:11:48,000
astigmatism ุตุนุจุฉ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ูƒุชุดูู‡ ุจู†ูุณู†ุง 

126
00:11:50,820 --> 00:11:56,240
ุทุจ ูƒูŠู ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู†ู†ุง ุงู„ุตุนุจ ู†ุฌุนู„ู‡ ุณู‡ู„ ู†ุนู…ู„ enhancing

127
00:11:56,240 --> 00:12:02,380
or narrowing ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ุฃู†ุชู… ุจุชุดุชุบู„ูˆุง sleeve down

128
00:12:02,380 --> 00:12:09,480
ููŠ ุงู„ู€  ูˆูŠู„ุด ุฃู„ูŠู† ุงู„ุฑูŠุชูŠู†ูˆุณูƒูˆุจ ุตุญุŸ sleeve down ู‡ูˆ

129
00:12:09,480 --> 00:12:17,340
ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ุญุงูˆู„ ุชุทู„ุน ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู„ููˆู‚ ุงู„ู€ sleeve ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุถูˆุฆูƒ

130
00:12:17,340 --> 00:12:23,580
ุถูŠู‘ู‚ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง ุชุดุชุบู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ ูƒูˆุฑู†ูŠุฉ

131
00:12:23,580 --> 00:12:29,220
ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠูƒ ุชุตูˆุฑ ุฃุญุณู† ู„ู„ู€ access ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ 

132
00:12:29,220 --> 00:12:34,840
ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ุดุบู„ ูƒูˆุจู„ุงู†ุฏ style ู„ุฃ ู‡ู… ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง lowering

133
00:12:34,840 --> 00:12:38,140
ู„ู„ู€ sleep ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุนูƒุณู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ 

134
00:12:38,140 --> 00:12:42,240
wish island ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ sleep down ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ 

135
00:12:42,240 --> 00:12:47,700
enhancing ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชูˆุถูŠุญ ู„ูŠู‡ 

136
00:12:49,500 --> 00:12:54,580
ุงู„ู€ streak ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุจุฏูŠู‚ูˆู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ู„ููˆู‚ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจุญุงูˆู„ูˆุง

137
00:12:54,580 --> 00:12:58,140
ุชุฌุฑุจูˆุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณู…ุนูˆู‡ ู†ุธุฑูŠ ุชุฌุฑุจูˆู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠ

138
00:12:58,140 --> 00:13:05,780
ูˆุดูˆููˆุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠู‡ until ุฃูุถู„ ุฃุถูŠู‘ู‚ ุงู„ู€ streak ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ 

139
00:13:05,780 --> 00:13:09,780
intercept is enhanced ุตุงุฑ ุฃูˆุถุญ this narrowing of

140
00:13:09,780 --> 00:13:14,580
the intercept will make it easier to see the axis

141
00:13:14,580 --> 00:13:20,120
of astigmatism ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู„ูŠ ู…ุชุฑุงุช ุฃุญุฑูƒู‡ ู„ููˆู‚

142
00:13:20,120 --> 00:13:26,040
if the sleeve is lower too far ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนูƒุณู†ุง ู‡ู… ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง

143
00:13:26,040 --> 00:13:29,000
lower ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุงุญู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจู†ุนู„ูŠ ูˆู‡ู… ุจูŠูˆุทู‘ูˆุง ููŠู‡ 

144
00:13:29,000 --> 00:13:35,560
ูƒูˆุจู„ุงู†ุฏ ู„ุฃ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ sleeve ู„ุฃ ุจุตูŠุฑ

145
00:13:35,560 --> 00:13:42,120
ูˆุงุดุฑ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุฌุฑุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุงุฆุท ุงู„ุธู„ุงู…ูŠ ุงู„ุญุงุฆุท ู‡ูŠูƒ ุนุงู„ูŠ

146
00:13:42,120 --> 00:13:46,520
ูˆุฃูˆุทู‘ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุฃุดูˆููˆุง ุขุซุงุฑ ุฃุถูŠู‚ ุฅุดูŠ ุฃุถูŠู‚ ุฅุดูŠ ุจูŠุฌูŠุจ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ

147
00:13:46,520 --> 00:13:53,780
ุฃุญุณู† ุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠ ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ the axis of astigmatism ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

148
00:13:53,780 --> 00:13:58,680
ู‡ูˆ cylinder ู‡ุงูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุจุฏูƒ ุชู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู† ุถูˆุฆูƒ

149
00:13:58,680 --> 00:14:03,260
streak ูˆุงู„ู€ reflex ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทุงู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุนูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู€ axis of

150
00:14:03,260 --> 00:14:07,780
cylinder ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ููŠ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุชุทุงุจู‚ูŠู†

151
00:14:09,820 --> 00:14:23,560
ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูƒูŠูุŸ ู‡ุงูŠ A ูˆู‡ุฐุง A ูˆู‡ูŠ B ูˆู‡ูŠ B ูˆู‡ูŠ C ูˆู‡ูŠ C

152
00:14:23,560 --> 00:14:30,400
ูˆู„ูƒู† ูˆุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุดุชุบู„ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ูƒูˆู† ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุดุชุบู„ ููŠู‡

153
00:14:30,400 --> 00:14:37,300
ุถูˆุฆูŠ ูˆููŠู‡ reflex ูˆุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ ุณู„ู†ุฏุฑ ุฅู„ู‡ุง

154
00:14:37,300 --> 00:14:44,220
axis ูˆู‡ู†ุดุฑุญ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ minus ุณู„ู†ุฏุฑ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู€ plus 

155
00:14:44,220 --> 00:14:49,120
ุณู„ู†ุฏุฑ ุจูŠุฎุชู„ููˆุง ุนู† ุจุนุถ ุฌุงู‡ุฒูŠู† ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ู… ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡

156
00:14:49,120 --> 00:14:56,300
ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุณุคุงู„ ุจุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุฌุงูˆุจุชูˆุง ุฃู†ุชูˆ ุนู„ูŠู‡ what is 

157
00:14:56,300 --> 00:15:00,680
the difference between meridian and axis ุจุชุณู…ุนูˆุง

158
00:15:00,680 --> 00:15:04,740
ูƒู„ู…ุฉ meridian ูˆูƒู„ู…ุฉ axis ู‡ู… ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ูˆู„ุง ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…

159
00:15:04,740 --> 00:15:05,200
ูุงุฑู‚

160
00:15:10,070 --> 00:15:18,610
ูุถู„ู‘ูŠ ุงู„ meridian ู„ู„ูƒูˆุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุงู„ู€ axis ู„ู„ุณู„ู†ุฏุฑ ูˆ

161
00:15:18,610 --> 00:15:25,250
ุงู„ู€ axis ู„ู„ุณู„ู†ุฏุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ุนูŠู† ููŠู‡ุง meridians ู„ูƒู† ู…ุด

162
00:15:25,250 --> 00:15:29,590
ูƒู„ ุนูŠู† ููŠู‡ุง axis ูŠุนู†ูŠ

163
00:15:29,590 --> 00:15:34,390
ุงู„ meridian ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฎู„ู‚ู‡ ุณุจุญุงู†ู‡ ูˆุชุนุงู„ู‰ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ axis

164
00:15:34,390 --> 00:15:38,870
ุญุณุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ููŠู‡ุง astigmatism ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ุจุณ ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ุง

165
00:15:38,870 --> 00:15:44,090
astigmatism ุจุฏู‘ูˆุด ูŠุนู…ู„ ูŠุง ุณูŠุฏูŠ correction ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุด

166
00:15:44,090 --> 00:15:48,350
ู‡ุญุทู‘ ู„ู‡ access ุฃุตู„ุงู‹ ู…ุด ู‡ุญุทู‘ ู„ู‡ ู†ุถุงุฑุฉ ูˆู„ุง ู‡ุญุทู‘ ู„ู‡

167
00:15:48,350 --> 00:15:52,130
contactless ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุจุฏู‘ู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„ correction ุจุฏู‘ู‡

168
00:15:52,130 --> 00:15:56,310
ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ access ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ access ุตู†ุงุนูŠ artificial

169
00:15:56,310 --> 00:16:02,250
ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ meridian ุทุจูŠุนูŠ natural ุฅูŠุด naturalุŸ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ูƒู„ู‘

170
00:16:02,250 --> 00:16:05,750
ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠู†ุง ุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ meridian ุดุงุก ู…ู† ุดุงุก ูˆู„ุง ุฅูŠุงุด 

171
00:16:05,750 --> 00:16:16,250
ูˆุฃุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู† ุฃุจู‚ู‰ ุตุญูƒุŸ ุทูŠุจ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Meridian ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฎุท 

172
00:16:16,250 --> 00:16:20,650
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุญุฑูƒ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุถูˆุฆูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฑู†ูŠุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ Meridian ุจูŠู†ู…ุง

173
00:16:20,650 --> 00:16:25,790
ุงู„ู€ Axis ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ Astigmatism ู‡ู„ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุถุน

174
00:16:25,790 --> 00:16:30,410
Plus Cylinder ูˆู„ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุถุน Minus CylinderุŸ ุทูŠุจุŒ ู‡ูˆ

175
00:16:30,410 --> 00:16:34,210
ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูƒ ููŠู‡ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุถุน Minus Cylinder

176
00:16:35,810 --> 00:16:42,670
ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุทู‘ ุงู„ู€ axis ุจุชุงุนูŠ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ meridian ูŠุนู†ูŠ

177
00:16:42,670 --> 00:16:53,790
ุฃู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ plus ุงู„ู€ axis perpendicular to meridian

178
00:16:53,790 --> 00:17:00,290
ุฅูŠุด 

179
00:17:00,290 --> 00:17:07,540
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ plus a perpendicular to M ุฑู…ุฒ ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด

180
00:17:07,540 --> 00:17:17,640
ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ plus ุณู„ู†ุฏุฑ ุงู„ู€ axis ุฃุญุท ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ 

181
00:17:17,640 --> 00:17:23,400
ุงู„ meridian ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏุฃ ุฃุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุทุจ ุฃู†ุง ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ

182
00:17:23,400 --> 00:17:27,300
ุดุฑุญุช ู„ูƒูˆุง ุฅู† ุงู„ุถูˆุก ุฅูŠุด ูˆุถุนู‡ ุงู„ุถูˆุกุŸ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„

183
00:17:27,300 --> 00:17:32,420
meridian ุถูˆุก ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุชู„ุณูƒูˆุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง

184
00:17:32,420 --> 00:17:38,580
ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ streaking ู„ู„ู€ meridian ุงู„ู€ 180

185
00:17:38,580 --> 00:17:45,220
ูƒูŠู ุฃู†ุง ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุชูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุทู‡ุŸ ุฃุญุทู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ 180 ูˆู„ุง ุฃุญุทู‡

186
00:17:45,220 --> 00:17:51,720
ููŠ ุงู„ 90ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ 90 ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุฃุจุฏุฃ ุฃุฎุฏ ู…ุฑุฉ ุดู…ุงู„

187
00:17:51,720 --> 00:17:55,340
ูˆู…ุฑุฉ ูŠู…ูŠู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุดู…ุงู„ ูˆู…ุฑุฉ ูŠู…ูŠู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุดู…ุงู„ ูˆู…ุฑุฉ ูŠู…ูŠู†

188
00:17:55,340 --> 00:18:00,420
ุนุดุงู† ุฃุจูŠู† ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ with ูˆู„ุง against ุทุจ ุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ 

189
00:18:00,420 --> 00:18:04,720
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุฑู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ meridian ุงู„ 90 high

190
00:18:04,720 --> 00:18:08,620
ุงู„ meridian ุงู†ุชุจู‡ูˆุง ูŠุง ุจู†ุงุชูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ุงู… ู…ู‡ู… ุฅู† ุฅู† high

191
00:18:08,620 --> 00:18:12,700
ุงู„ meridian ููŠ ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู† ูˆุฃู†ุง ุฃุญุทู‘ ุถูˆุก ุฅูŠู‡ ุฃุญุทู‡ ููŠ

192
00:18:12,700 --> 00:18:17,280
ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ 180 ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุฃูุถู„ ุฃุนู…ู„

193
00:18:17,280 --> 00:18:22,020
up ูˆ down up ูˆ down up ูˆ down up ูˆ down ู„ู…ุง ุฃุจูŠู†

194
00:18:22,020 --> 00:18:30,400
ุฃู† ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ with ูˆู„ุง against ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุซุจุช ุฃู† ููŠู‡

195
00:18:31,810 --> 00:18:35,510
astigmatism ููŠ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† with ูˆูˆุงุญุฏ

196
00:18:35,510 --> 00:18:38,390
ูŠูƒูˆู† against ู„ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† wide ูˆูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† narrow

197
00:18:38,390 --> 00:18:43,710
ูˆูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† bright ูˆูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† dim ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„

198
00:18:43,710 --> 00:18:50,470
ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุงุฎุชุฑุช ุฃู† ุฃุดุชุบู„ ุจู€ plus

199
00:18:50,470 --> 00:18:56,660
cylinder ุฃูˆ minus cylinder ู‡ุฐุง ุฎูŠุงุฑ ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ

200
00:18:56,660 --> 00:18:59,280
ุฃุฎุชุงุฑู‡ ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทูˆู„ ุนู…ุฑู‡ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุจุงู„ู€ plus ุณูŠู„ู†ุฏุฑ

201
00:18:59,280 --> 00:19:02,800
ุฎู„ุงุต ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ุฃู†ุง ุฃู†ุง ุฃุฑุชุงุญ ุจุงู„ู€ plus ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ

202
00:19:02,800 --> 00:19:06,020
ู„ุฃ ูŠุง ุนู…ูŠ ุงู„ minus ู„ู‡ุง ู…ุฒุงูŠุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูˆุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู…ุดูŠ

203
00:19:06,020 --> 00:19:10,280
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ minus ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡ ุงูู‡ู…ู‡ุง ูˆุงู…ุดูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุณ ุงู„ุชุฒุงู… ููŠ

204
00:19:10,280 --> 00:19:14,480
ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู‚ู„ู‡ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูŠุด ุฃู†ุง ุฃุฑุจุท ุญุงู„ูŠ ูˆู‚ุช ู…ุง

205
00:19:14,480 --> 00:19:18,600
ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุทู‘ plus ูˆูˆู‚ุช ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุทู‘ ุณู„ู†ุฏุฑ ุฃู†ุง ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุฒูŠ

206
00:19:18,600 --> 00:19:23,300
ู…ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ูุน ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ู ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ู ุงู„ุณู‡ู„ุฉ

207
00:19:23,300 --> 00:19:28,580
ูˆุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ู ุงู„ุตุนุจุฉ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฃู†ุช ู…ู…ุชุงุฒ ููƒู„ ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุจุณ

208
00:19:28,580 --> 00:19:33,960
ูŠุญุงูˆู„ ูŠุชู‚ู† ู…ุง ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุขู† ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ู‡ู†ุดุฑุญู‡

209
00:19:33,960 --> 00:19:39,020
ู„ุฌูŠู†ุง ุงุณุชุฌู…ุงุชูŠุฒู… ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู†ุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุจุงู„ู€

210
00:19:39,020 --> 00:19:46,660
plus ู†ุชุนู„ู… ู†ุดุชุบู„ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุงุฎุชุฑุช ุงู„ู€ plus ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹

211
00:19:47,580 --> 00:19:51,160
ุฃุถุน ุงู„ู€ axis ุจุชุงุนู‡ุง ูˆู…ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ axis ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุนุงุฏุฉ ุณุงูˆูŠ

212
00:19:51,160 --> 00:19:55,180
ู„ู‡ุง ุฎุทู‘ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ axis ูƒุงู… ุงู„ู‚ูˆู‘ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎุทู‘ูŠู†

213
00:19:55,180 --> 00:20:05,160
ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ู„ู‡ุงุŸ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ูƒุงู…ุŸ zero ุทุจ ูˆุงู„ู€ full power ูˆูŠู†ุŸ

214
00:20:05,160 --> 00:20:11,480
perpendicular to it ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุญุทู‘ ุงู„ู€ zero ุงู„ู€

215
00:20:11,480 --> 00:20:18,940
axis ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ meridian ุทูŠุจ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุถูˆุก ุฅูŠุด

216
00:20:18,940 --> 00:20:23,880
ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆุถุนู‡ุŸ ุงู„ู€ X ุงู„ุณุงุฏุณ ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠ ู„ุถูˆุก ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุถูˆุก ุฃูŠุถุงู‹

217
00:20:23,880 --> 00:20:29,340
ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุถูˆุก ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูˆู‡ูˆ meridian ู‡ู…ุง ุงุซู†ูŠู†

218
00:20:29,340 --> 00:20:34,900
ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ู…ุง ุทูŠุจ ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุดุชุบู„ ุจุงู„ู€ minus

219
00:20:34,900 --> 00:20:41,140
cylinder ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุจุฑุถ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนูƒุณ

220
00:20:41,140 --> 00:20:48,540
ุฃู†ุง ู‚ู„ุช ุงู„ู€ plus ุงู„ู€ axis ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ meridian ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ูŠูƒ 

221
00:20:48,540 --> 00:20:54,340
ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ minus a parallel

222
00:20:54,340 --> 00:21:00,820
to meridian ูƒูŠู

223
00:21:00,820 --> 00:21:05,420
ุฑุฃูŠูƒู…ุŸ

224
00:21:05,420 --> 00:21:07,500
ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฃู†ุชู… ู…ุด ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠู† ุชุดุชุบู„ูˆู† ุจุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ 

225
00:21:07,500 --> 00:21:13,760
ุชุดุชุบู„ูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุณ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ ูŠูุถู„ ุณููŠุฑ ุณููŠุฑ

226
00:21:13,760 --> 00:21:19,760
ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุจุชุฏุฆูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทู„ุน ุฃูˆู„ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ.. ุฃูˆู„ ุฏูˆุฑ

227
00:21:19,760 --> 00:21:22,780
ูŠุนู†ูŠ

228
00:21:22,780 --> 00:21:28,900
ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุนุฒุงุฆู… ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุทู„ุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ูˆู„ูˆ 

229
00:21:28,900 --> 00:21:30,660
ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนุช ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู‡ุฒู… ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุทู„ุน ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ

230
00:21:30,660 --> 00:21:37,480
ูˆุจุฏูŠ ุฃุดูˆู ุงู„ุณุทูˆุญ ููˆู‚ ุจุณ ูƒุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุณููŠุฑ ุณููŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆ

231
00:21:37,480 --> 00:21:41,680
ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุญุจ ูŠุตุนุฏ ุงู„ุฌุจุงู„ ูŠุนูŠุด ุฃุจุฏุงู‹ ุฏู‡ุฑ ุจู†ุงุฆู‡

232
00:21:51,000 --> 00:22:08,420
ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุดู‡ุงุฏุชู†ุง 

233
00:22:08,420 --> 00:22:13,780
ุดู‡ุงุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุนู„ู…ุŸ ุตุญ ุทุงู„ู…ุง ู…ุง ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ุดู‡ุงุฏุฉ ู†ุฃุฎุฐู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ

234
00:22:13,780 --> 00:22:19,800
ุณุทุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู‡ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏุฃ ุฃุดุชุบู„

235
00:22:19,800 --> 00:22:24,320
ุฃู†ุง ุจู€ minus cylinder ุงู‡

236
00:22:24,320 --> 00:22:28,720
the axis is parallel to the meridian that we are 

237
00:22:28,720 --> 00:22:32,100
streaking ุงู„ meridian ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ streaking

238
00:22:32,100 --> 00:22:36,760
ุจู†ุญุท ุฅูŠุด ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุงู„ู€ plus ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ู€ minus

239
00:22:36,760 --> 00:22:42,370
ูˆุงู„ู€ minus ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ู€ plus ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ minus

240
00:22:42,370 --> 00:22:53,570
cylinder axis ุฅูŠุด ุนู„ุงู‚ุชู‡ ุจู€ streak ุงู„ุถูˆุก ุจุชุงุนูŠุŸ ุฅูŠุด

241
00:22:53,570 --> 00:22:58,150
ุนู„ุงู‚ุชู‡ ุจุงู„ุถูˆุก ุจุชุงุนูŠุŸ ุถูˆุฆูŠ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€ axis ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ู€

242
00:22:58,150 --> 00:22:58,950
minus cylinder

243
00:23:04,810 --> 00:23:13,830
ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ุนูƒุณุŸ ุชู…ุงู…ุงู‹ ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ู€ .. ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ู€ plus ุตุญ

244
00:23:13,830 --> 00:23:19,490
ุตุญ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุทูŠุจ

245
00:23:19,490 --> 00:23:26,810
ุงู†ุชุจู‡ูˆุง ู…ุนูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ู†ุง ุฃู†ุง ู†ุงุณูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€

246
00:23:26,810 --> 00:23:31,830
median ู‡ุฐุง 180 ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฑู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง 180 ูˆ

247
00:23:31,830 --> 00:23:32,170
ุซู…ุงู†ูŠู†

248
00:23:36,080 --> 00:23:43,520
ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชูุณูŠุฑ ุงู„ุขู† ุฃู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงุฎุชุฑุช ุฃุญุทู‘ plus cylinder

249
00:23:43,520 --> 00:23:49,980
ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ุญุทู‘ ุงู„ู€ axis ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ู€ plus cylinder ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ

250
00:23:49,980 --> 00:23:54,980
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ meridian ู‡ุงูŠ ู‚ุฏู‘ุงู…ูƒูˆุง ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฎุทู‘ ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ ู‡ูˆ

251
00:23:54,980 --> 00:24:01,760
ุงู„ meridian ูˆุงู„ู€ plus ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุทุจ ูˆุธู‡ุฑูˆุง

252
00:24:04,690 --> 00:24:08,770
ุงู„ุถูˆุก parallel ุงู„ู€ axis ูˆุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ meridian

253
00:24:08,770 --> 00:24:15,210
ุฃุตู„ุงู‹ ุฎู„ุงุต ุงุญู†ุง ุญุงุณุจูŠู† ุงู„ุถูˆุก ู…ู† ุฃูˆู„ ุจู†ุงุชูŠ ุงู†ุชุจู‡ูˆุง

254
00:24:15,210 --> 00:24:19,090
ุงู„ meridian ุงุญู†ุง ุญุงุณุจูŠู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ุถูˆุก ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ

255
00:24:19,090 --> 00:24:24,290
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ meridian ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ plus ุจุณ ุญุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู€ axis

256
00:24:24,290 --> 00:24:28,210
ู…ุน ุงู„ุถูˆุก ูˆุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ meridian

257
00:24:28,210 --> 00:24:32,770
ุทูŠุจ ุงุฌู„ุจูˆุง ู„ูŠ ูŠุง ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงุฌู„ุจูˆุง ู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุฎุทู‘ู‡

258
00:24:32,770 --> 00:24:45,500
minus ุฃุดูˆู ุฃุญุทู‡ minus cylinder axis ูˆู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ 180

259
00:24:45,500 --> 00:24:51,260
ุจุณ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ุด ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุนูŠุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู„ ุฃู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒู…

260
00:24:51,260 --> 00:24:56,160
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู†ูƒู… ุจูŠุญูุธ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุนูƒุณู‡ุง ูˆูŠู† ู…ุง ุฑุงุญ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰

261
00:24:56,160 --> 00:25:01,200
ู†ู†ู‡ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ plus ุงู„ู€ axis ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ minus ุจุณ ู„ูˆ

262
00:25:01,200 --> 00:25:05,650
ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ู€ minus ุนูƒุณู‡ุง ุฎู„ุงุต ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู‡ูŠู† ุฎู„ุงุต ู„ูŠุด ู†ุญูุธ

263
00:25:05,650 --> 00:25:09,750
ูƒุชูŠุฑุŸ ุฃู†ุง ุฒู…ุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ effectivity ูˆู‚ุช ู†ุฒู„ ุฌุงู„ ูˆ

264
00:25:09,750 --> 00:25:14,470
ุจู†ุจุนุฏ ูˆุจู†ุฌุฑุจ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุจุนุฏ ุดูŠุก ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ูˆู„ู…ุง ู†ุจุนุฏ ุดูŠุก

265
00:25:14,470 --> 00:25:18,810
ุจู†ุฌุฑู‘ุณ ูˆุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุตุญูŠุญ ุฃู†ุง ุญูุธุช ุญุฑููŠู† ุฒู…ุงู† ุฒู…ุงู† ุฒู…ุงู†

266
00:25:18,810 --> 00:25:24,690
ู‚ุจู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุณู†ุฉ ู‚ู„ุช ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ู€ minus ุงู„ู€ minus ุงู„ู€

267
00:25:24,690 --> 00:25:27,570
power ุงู„ู€ minus ุงู„ู€ sphere ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฃุฌุฑุจู‡ุง ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ

268
00:25:27,570 --> 00:25:31,550
ูˆุจุณ ูˆู†ุณูŠุช ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ plus ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง

269
00:25:31,550 --> 00:25:38,200
ุนูƒุณู‡ ุนุงุฑููŠู† ูƒูŠูุŸ ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุขู† ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠู… ููŠ ุญูุธ ุงู„ุขูŠุงุช

270
00:25:38,200 --> 00:25:46,080
ุจุฑุถู‡ ููŠ ุชูƒุชูŠูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชูƒุชูŠูƒ ู„ู„ุญูุธ ู…ุด ุทุจูŠุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุฃ ููŠ

271
00:25:46,080 --> 00:25:54,920
ูู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆููŠ ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ุงู„ูู† ุจูŠุฎูู ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ูˆุจูŠุฎู„ูŠู‡ ู…ู‚ุจูˆู„

272
00:25:54,920 --> 00:26:00,740
ู„ูƒู† ุดุบู„ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ููŠุด ููŠู‡ ุนุฌู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุงุถูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ

273
00:26:02,050 --> 00:26:08,130
ููŠ ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑุฉ ูƒุงู† ู…ุนู†ุง ุทุงู„ุจ ุนุฑุงู‚ูŠ ููŠุนู†ูŠ 

274
00:26:08,130 --> 00:26:11,890
ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ู…ุน ุฃุตุญุงุจู‡ ุจูŠู‚ู„ู‘ุจ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงู‡ุฌ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„

275
00:26:11,890 --> 00:26:15,870
ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุฃู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌุฑูŠุช ุฌุฑุงูŠุฉ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ

276
00:26:15,870 --> 00:26:20,130
ูˆ ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉ ูˆุฃู†ุฌุฒุช ุฅู†ุฌุงุฒูƒ ุจู‡ุง ุฌุงู„ูƒูŠู ุฌุฑูŠุชุŸ ู‚ู„ุช ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡

277
00:26:20,130 --> 00:26:24,010
ู‚ุฑุฃุช ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ุตูุญุฉ ู…ู† ูƒุชุงุจ ูƒู†ุณูƒูŠ ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ูƒู†ุณูƒูŠ ู‡ุฐุง

278
00:26:24,010 --> 00:26:31,720
ูƒุชุงุจ ูƒู†ุณูƒูŠ clinical ophthalmology ู…ุนุฑูˆู ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

279
00:26:31,720 --> 00:26:36,740
ูƒุชุงุจ ุงู„ุนูŠูˆู† ูƒุชุงุจ ุฏูˆู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุงู„ุขู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃุญุฏุซ ุทุจุนุฉ

280
00:26:36,740 --> 00:26:45,860
ูˆุตู„ุชู†ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† 2014 ูู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ูƒุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‘ ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุณู…ูŠู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„ 

281
00:26:45,860 --> 00:26:51,920
ู„ูŠ ู„ุฃ ุฃู†ุง ู„ุฃ ุฃุชูู‚ ู…ุนุงูƒ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠูƒ ุตุญ ู‚ู„ุช ูˆ

282
00:26:51,920 --> 00:27:00,850
ู‡ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุตุญ ู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุตุญ ูƒุงู… ููƒุฑุฉ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ุฑุณุฎุช ุนู†ุฏูƒู… ู‡ูˆ

283
00:27:00,850 --> 00:27:05,690
ุงู„ุตูุญุงุช ููŠู‡ุง ุตูˆุฑ ูˆ ููŠู‡ุง ุฑุณูˆู… ูˆ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ูƒุฑุฑ

284
00:27:05,690 --> 00:27:12,770
ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ุตูุญุฉ ูƒุงู… ุงู„ุตุงููŠุŸ

285
00:27:12,770 --> 00:27:16,370
ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู„ุตุงููŠุŸ ูƒุงู… ุงู„ุตุงููŠุŸ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุฎุฐุช ู…ู†

286
00:27:16,370 --> 00:27:20,210
ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ูุนู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุฎุฏุช ุฏุฑุณ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู†

287
00:27:20,210 --> 00:27:23,110
ุฒู…ูŠู„ ู„ูŠ ู…ุนุงูŠุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู…ุนุงูŠุง ู„ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ุฃุฎุฏุช ..

288
00:27:23,110 --> 00:27:29,190
ุฃุฎุฏุช ุฏูุนุฉ ูุนู„ุง ู‚ูˆู„ุช ุขู‡ ูุนู„ุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฎุฏ ุดูŠุก ุตุงููŠ ููŠ

289
00:27:29,190 --> 00:27:34,090
ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ูƒู… ุทู„ุนุช ุจุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฃู†ุง ุฏุฑุณุช ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ุตูุญุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุฅูŠุด

290
00:27:34,090 --> 00:27:39,190
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุซุงุจุช ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู‡ู†ุงุŸ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุซุงุจุช ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุฃุฑุจุน ููŠ

291
00:27:39,190 --> 00:27:42,650
ุญูŠู† ุฃู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุฏุฑุณุช ุนุดุฑุฉ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู†

292
00:27:42,650 --> 00:27:50,530
ูุงู„ุขู† ุจุณ ุจุญูุธ ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ plus cylinder ุจุญุท ุงู„ axis

293
00:27:50,530 --> 00:27:55,550
ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ meridian ุฎู„ุงุต ุฃู†ุณู‰ ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ

294
00:27:55,550 --> 00:28:05,300
ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุนูƒุณู‡ ุงู†ุชู‡ูŠู†ุง ู‡ูŠูƒุŸ ูู‡ู…ุชูŠ ูŠุง ุจู†ุชูŠุŸ ุทูŠุจ how to

295
00:28:05,300 --> 00:28:13,120
neutralize a stigmatic eyeุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ุณุคุงู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูƒูŠู

296
00:28:13,120 --> 00:28:17,700
ุฃุนุงุฏู„ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃุณุชุฌู…ุงุชูŠุฒู…ุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ุชุญุฏูŠุŒ

297
00:28:17,700 --> 00:28:28,350
challenge ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู‚ุชุตุฑ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ุฃู„ู…ุช 

298
00:28:28,350 --> 00:28:34,850
ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุจุงู„ู€ first retinoscopic examination ุจุฏูˆู†

299
00:28:34,850 --> 00:28:39,390
ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู†ู‡

300
00:28:39,390 --> 00:28:44,710
ู…ุด ุฒูŠ ุจุนุถ ุดูŠุก with ูˆุดูŠุก against ุดูŠุก ุณุฑูŠุน ูˆุดูŠุก

301
00:28:44,710 --> 00:28:48,370
ุจุทูŠุก ุดูŠุก ูˆุงุณุน ูˆุดูŠุก ุถูŠู‚ ุดูŠุก bright ูˆุดูŠุก dim ุฅุฐุง 

302
00:28:48,370 --> 00:28:53,170
ุงู„ุนูŠู† ููŠู‡ุง stillness ุทุจ ู…ู† ุฃูŠู† ุฃุจุฏุฃุŸ

303
00:28:55,310 --> 00:28:59,990
ุจุงู„ู€ less ametropic axis ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ less ametropic

304
00:28:59,990 --> 00:29:11,790
axisุŸ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ุฎุทุฃ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ุฎุทุฃ ุฃุจุฏุฃ ููŠู‡ ุฎุงุตุฉ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู†

305
00:29:11,790 --> 00:29:18,130
width ุจุฑูŠุญู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† width ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุฃุจุฏุฃ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„

306
00:29:18,130 --> 00:29:22,490
meridian ุงู„ู€ 180 ุจุญุท ุงู„ุถูˆุก ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆ ุฃุจุฏุฃ ุฃุญุท ู†ุต

307
00:29:22,490 --> 00:29:29,360
ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ู†ุตูƒู„ู‡ ุทุงู„ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ููŠู‡ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุจุญุท ู„ู‡

308
00:29:29,360 --> 00:29:34,940
ุจุญุท ู„ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุฌุฑุจ ุฎู„ุงุต ุจุญุท ู„ู‡ ุฑุจุน ู„ู…ุง ุบุงุจ ุงู„ movement

309
00:29:34,940 --> 00:29:38,840
ุจุฌูู‘ู† ู„ู‡ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุนู…ู„ verification ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุณุฌู‘ู† ุฅู†

310
00:29:38,840 --> 00:29:43,240
ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู…ุซู„ุง plus two plus two ู†ุต ุฎู„ุงุต

311
00:29:43,240 --> 00:29:49,240
sphere ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ meridian ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ุฎุทุฃ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุณู‡

312
00:29:49,240 --> 00:29:58,690
ametropic ุนุฏุงู„ุชู‡ ุจุฅูŠุดุŸ ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ุจูŠุด ููŠู†ุŸ ุทูŠุจ .. ุทูŠุจ

313
00:29:58,690 --> 00:30:03,350
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ the meridian with the narrow fast reflex will

314
00:30:03,350 --> 00:30:07,370
neutralize firstุŒ this meridian will be ninety

315
00:30:07,370 --> 00:30:10,490
degree away from the meridian with the widest

316
00:30:10,490 --> 00:30:16,310
slowest .. ุฃู†ุง ุฃูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู†ุฏูŠุŒ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃุถูŠู‚

317
00:30:16,310 --> 00:30:17,690
ุงู„ุฃุณุฑุน ุงู„ู€ more bright

318
00:30:20,860 --> 00:30:28,220
ู‡ูŠูˆ ูˆุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ white ูˆ ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆ ุงู„ slow

319
00:30:28,220 --> 00:30:35,580
ุฃุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุฃุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆ ุฃุญุท ู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุณููŠุฑ

320
00:30:35,580 --> 00:30:45,060
ุทูŠุจ ู‚ู„ุช ุฃุญุทู‡ ุงู„ุณููŠุฑ ู„ู…ุง ุตุงุฑ neutral ุตุงุฑ neutral

321
00:30:45,060 --> 00:30:50,450
ุตุญุŸ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุณููŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุทูŠุชู‡ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ neutral

322
00:30:50,450 --> 00:30:58,630
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุนูŠู…ูŠู†ูƒูˆ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู„

323
00:30:58,630 --> 00:31:05,870
ุงุดุชุบู„ ุณููŠุฑ ุนุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆู„ุง ู…ุงุฎุตูˆุด ููŠู‡ ุจุณ ุงุดุชุบู„

324
00:31:05,870 --> 00:31:15,690
ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ุฑุฃูŠ

325
00:31:15,690 --> 00:31:23,370
ุงู„ุณุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ุขู† ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏุฃุช ุจู‡ุฐุง ุจุณููŠุฑ ู‡ุงูŠูˆ S ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุณููŠุฑ

326
00:31:23,370 --> 00:31:31,730
ู‡ู„ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุชุฃุซุฑ ุจุณููŠุฑ ูˆู„ุง ู…ุงุฎุตูˆุดุŸ ู…ุงุฎุตูˆุดุŸ ู…ุงุฎุตูˆุดุŸ

327
00:31:31,730 --> 00:31:40,850
ุฅูŠุด ุฑุฃูŠูƒุŸ ุงู„ุณููŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุทูŠุชู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุชุฃุซุฑ

328
00:31:40,850 --> 00:31:44,510
ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆู„ุง ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุŸ dream

329
00:31:47,820 --> 00:31:51,020
ุงู„ุจุงูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุซุฑู‡ุง .. ุฅุฐุง ุดุนุฑุช ู‚ู„ุจุช

330
00:31:51,020 --> 00:31:56,360
ุงู„ .. ุทูŠุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู‚ู‰ ุซุฑุด .. ู„ุฃ ุจู‚ู‰ ุซุฑุด .. ุญู‚ .. ุฅู„ุง

331
00:31:56,360 --> 00:31:59,360
ุฅุฐุง ู‚ู„ุจุช ุงู„ .. ุฃู†ุง ู…ุจุณูˆุท ุฅู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุขุฑุงุก ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ

332
00:31:59,360 --> 00:32:05,060
ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฅู† ุงู„ .. ุงุณู…ู‡ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุงุณู… ุงู„ููŠุตู„ ูˆ ู„ุง

333
00:32:05,060 --> 00:32:08,360
ููŠุตู„ ู‚ุงุณู… .. ููŠุตู„ ุงู„ูุงุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุฃูŠ ุงู„ุชูˆุฌู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงูƒุณ

334
00:32:08,360 --> 00:32:15,070
ุจูˆู„ูŠู‡ุง ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠุถุญูƒ ุฃู‡ ู…ุง ุดุงุทุฑ ููŠุตู„ ุฃู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุฑุฃูŠูƒ ูŠุง

335
00:32:15,070 --> 00:32:21,430
ุจู†ุชูŠ ุฃู‡ ุงู„ sphere ุงู„ sphere

336
00:32:21,430 --> 00:32:25,410
ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ 180 degree ุชู„ุช ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ

337
00:32:25,410 --> 00:32:30,210
ุณุชูŠู† ุขุณู degree ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุชู„ุช ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุณุชูŠู† degree

338
00:32:30,210 --> 00:32:36,190
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู…ุง ูˆุตู„ ุตุงุฑ neutral ู‡ุฐุง ุตุงุฑ less wide

339
00:32:36,190 --> 00:32:45,640
ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุดุงูŠููŠู†ุŸ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุจู‡ู…ุด ูŠู…ูƒู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุฑุฏู‘ูƒ ููŠ ุญุฑู ุนู…ุฑูƒ

340
00:32:45,640 --> 00:32:49,760
ู…ุง ุชู†ุณุงู‡ ู…ุฑุฉ

341
00:32:49,760 --> 00:32:53,100
ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฑุฏู†ูŠ ู‚ุงู„ ุงู‚ุฑุง ู‚ุฑุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ุจู„ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุซู„ุงุซูŠู† ุณู†ุฉ

342
00:32:53,100 --> 00:32:59,480
ูˆ ููŠ ุณูˆุฑุฉ ูŠูˆู†ุณ ุฃู…ุง ู„ุง ูŠู‡ุฏูŠ ู‚ุงู„ ู„ุฃ ุนูŠุฏ ู„ุง ูŠู‡ุฏูŠ ู‚ุงู„

343
00:32:59,480 --> 00:33:03,380
ู„ุฃ ุฃู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ ูŠู‡ุฏูŠ ู‚ู„ุช ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ูŠู‡ุฏูŠ ูˆ ูŠูˆู…ูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ุชุนุฑูุช

344
00:33:03,380 --> 00:33:08,980
ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ุฃุชุนู„ู… ูŠู‡ุฏูŠ ู…ุด ูŠู‡ุฏูŠ ุฎู…ุณ ู…ุฑุงุช ูˆ ุฃู‚ูˆู„

345
00:33:08,980 --> 00:33:14,060
ูŠุง ู‡ุฏูŠ ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ ู„ุฃ ูŠุง ู‡ุฏูŠ ุฃูˆ ุฌุฏู‘ุช ู…ุซู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ

346
00:33:14,060 --> 00:33:20,220
ุจูŠุชุนู„ู… ู„ู…ุง ูŠุฎุชุงุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ sphere ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ููŠ 360

347
00:33:20,220 --> 00:33:29,120
degree ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ูุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู† ุถูŠู‚ ุตุงุฑ neutral ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู†

348
00:33:29,120 --> 00:33:36,020
wide ุตุงุฑ less wide ุฃูˆ ุตุงุฑ narrow ู…ุด ุจูŠุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡

349
00:33:36,020 --> 00:33:40,890
ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ physics ู‡ูŠูƒ

350
00:33:40,890 --> 00:33:45,630
ุจุชุณุชุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุงุก ูˆ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง

351
00:33:45,630 --> 00:33:49,910
ุทุจูŠุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฃุญุณู† ู…ู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุญุชู‰ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ LASIK ุงู„ู„ูŠ

352
00:33:49,910 --> 00:33:55,150
ุจุถุฑุจู‡ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ุซู„ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุงุฆูŠูŠู† ุจุณ ุฌุงู„ู‡

353
00:33:55,150 --> 00:33:58,170
ู„ุทุจ ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏู‘ูƒู… ูˆ ุฌุงู„ู‡ ู„ู‡ู… ุจุฏู†ุง ูƒุฏู‡ ูƒุฏู‡ ูƒุฏู‡ ุฑุงุญูˆุง ูˆ

354
00:33:58,170 --> 00:34:00,770
ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ูˆ ุชู„ุช ู…ู„ูŠูˆู†

355
00:34:00,770 --> 00:34:05,190
ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุงุฆูŠูŠู† ูˆ ุฌุงุจูˆุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุตุงู†ุนูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ

356
00:34:05,190 --> 00:34:11,260
ูุงู„ุชู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุตุงู†ุน ู…ุน ุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุงุฆูŠุŒ ู…ุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุจุŒ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€

357
00:34:11,260 --> 00:34:17,440
optometrist ูˆ ุทู„ุนูˆุง ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ laser ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ as we

358
00:34:17,440 --> 00:34:23,820
.. as add plus sphere power the reflex at 90 ูŠุถูŠู‚

359
00:34:23,820 --> 00:34:31,660
ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุถูŠู‚ and the reflex 180 quickly widens ูˆ

360
00:34:31,660 --> 00:34:33,420
ุจูŠุตู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ neutrality

361
00:34:36,200 --> 00:34:41,620
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ 180 ุณู„ูŠู… ูˆ ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู† ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ููŠู‡

362
00:34:41,620 --> 00:34:48,680
ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุณ ุฃู‚ุฑุจ ู„ู€ neutral ู„ุณู‡ ู…ุง ูˆุตู„ุด ุจุณ ุจุฏู‡ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู†

363
00:34:48,680 --> 00:34:54,660
ุงู„ู„ุบุฒ ู„ู…ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ุฎู„ุงุต neutral ูุงุถู„ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ

364
00:34:54,660 --> 00:35:02,360
ู‡ู†ุง ุฃุญุท ุฃู†ุง cylinder ู…ุง ุชุญุชูุธูŠ ุจูƒู„ ุงู„ sphere ูƒู…ุง

365
00:35:02,360 --> 00:35:03,640
ู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ุชุดูŠู„ูˆุด

366
00:35:06,030 --> 00:35:10,690
ู‡ูŠุฑู‚ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ู…ุด ุจุฃู‡ุฏู… ุนุดุงู† ุฃุจู†ูŠ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ

367
00:35:10,690 --> 00:35:15,410
ู„ุฃ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ูŠุชู‡ ุฎู„ูŠู‡ ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ ุณููŠุฑ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู„ู‡ ุงุนุชุจุงุฑ

368
00:35:15,410 --> 00:35:21,410
ุถูŠู‘ู‚ุช ุงู„ูˆุงุณุน ุถูŠู‘ู‚ุชู‡ ู„ูˆ ุดูŠู„ุช ุจุนุถ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูˆุงุณุน ู„ุฃ ุฎู„ูŠู‡

369
00:35:21,410 --> 00:35:27,550
ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ next step is to identify

370
00:35:27,550 --> 00:35:33,190
the axis of ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ a stigmatism ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„

371
00:35:33,190 --> 00:35:38,400
identification ูˆูŠู† ุฃุญุท ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ axis ุจุชุงุนูŠ ุจุงู„ุธุจุท

372
00:35:38,400 --> 00:35:48,300
ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ููŠ several clues ุฅูŠุด clues ุฎูŠูˆุท ุชุดุฎูŠุตูŠุฉ

373
00:35:48,300 --> 00:35:59,420
clues ุฎูŠูˆุท ุชุดุฎูŠุต ุฎูŠูˆุท ุชุดุฎูŠุตูŠุฉ clues ุฃูˆู„ ุฎูŠุท ุงุณู…ู‡

374
00:35:59,420 --> 00:36:04,060
thickness phenomena ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุณู…ุงูƒุฉ

375
00:36:06,980 --> 00:36:14,640
to intensity phenomena ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏุฉ

376
00:36:14,640 --> 00:36:16,040
ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ

377
00:36:16,040 --> 00:36:18,500
ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ

378
00:36:18,500 --> 00:36:19,640
ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ

379
00:36:19,640 --> 00:36:24,240
ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ

380
00:36:24,240 --> 00:36:31,560
ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุด

381
00:36:36,390 --> 00:36:43,570
ุงู„ุขู† ุงุญู†ุง ู„ูŠุด ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉุŸ ุจุณ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุนุฑู ูˆูŠู† ู†ุญุท ุงู„

382
00:36:43,570 --> 00:36:47,890
axis ุงู„ุขู†

383
00:36:47,890 --> 00:36:56,530
ุฏู‡ ุงู„ thickness ุงู„ุขู† ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุจุฏุฃ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„

384
00:36:56,530 --> 00:37:04,170
narrow ูˆู„ุง ุฃุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ wide ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ุฃุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ narrow ู„ุฃู†ู‡

385
00:37:04,170 --> 00:37:09,750
ุถูŠู‚ ุฃู‚ุฑุจ ู„ู„ุฃ ุทุจ ุฃุจุฏุฃ ุจูŠู‡ ุจุณููŠุฑ ูˆู„ุง ุจุณูŠู„ู†ุฏุฑุŸ

386
00:37:09,750 --> 00:37:15,030
ุจุณููŠุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰

387
00:37:15,030 --> 00:37:20,030
the streak reflex appears to be narrowest when we

388
00:37:20,030 --> 00:37:22,930
are streaking ุฅูŠุด streaking ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ุฃุญุฏ ุฅูŠู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ

389
00:37:22,930 --> 00:37:27,130
streaking ุฃุญุฏ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ู‡ุงูŠ streaking ุทุจ ู‡ูˆ ุงุณู…ู‡ ุงู„

390
00:37:27,130 --> 00:37:30,110
retroscope ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุดุชุบู„ ููŠู‡ุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุงุณู…ู‡ุŸ streak

391
00:37:30,110 --> 00:37:36,930
retroscope ุฃุตู„ ู‚ุจู„ streak ูƒุงู† perforated mirror

392
00:37:36,930 --> 00:37:41,470
ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุด

393
00:37:41,470 --> 00:37:46,470
ููŠู‡ streak ู„ู…ุง ุทู„ุน streak ู‡ุฐุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ููŠ ุณู†ุฉ ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู†

394
00:37:46,470 --> 00:37:52,410
ู…ุซู„ุง ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุซู…ุงู†ูŠู† ูƒุงู† ูุชุญุฉ ู…ุจูŠู†ุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ุฃูŠุงู…ู†ุง

395
00:37:52,410 --> 00:37:55,610
ุงุชุนู„ู…ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง

396
00:37:55,610 --> 00:37:59,230
ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู† ุงุฎุฑู… ุงู…ุฑุฃุฉ ูŠู†ูƒุณุฑ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุฎุฑู…

397
00:37:59,230 --> 00:38:06,020
ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆ ู†ุฌูŠุจ ุนู† ุญุฑูƒุฉ ูˆ ู†ุญุท ุถูˆุก ูˆ ู†ุญุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู…

398
00:38:06,020 --> 00:38:11,480
ู‡ุฐุง ุนุดุงู† ูŠุฌูŠุจ ูˆุฑุง ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ูˆ ูŠุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ุถูˆุก ูŠุณู‚ุท ุนู„ูŠู‡

399
00:38:11,480 --> 00:38:14,600
ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูŠุง ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูŠุง ุชุณู‚ุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุงู„ุฎู†ู…

400
00:38:14,600 --> 00:38:18,360
ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูŠุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฏูŠุฑุฉ ู†ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ reflex ูˆ ู†ุญุฑูƒู‡

401
00:38:18,360 --> 00:38:24,220
ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆ ุดู…ุงู„ ูˆ ุดู…ุงู„ ูŠู…ูŠู† ู„ุฃุณุชุฑูŠูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ

402
00:38:24,220 --> 00:38:29,300
ุดูŠุก ุนุธูŠู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุตุญูŠุญ ุฃู†ุง ุจุนู…ู„ streaking ู„ู€ meridian

403
00:38:29,300 --> 00:38:33,720
of the correct axis as you move away from the

404
00:38:33,720 --> 00:38:37,600
correct axis the streak reflex becomes wider ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„

405
00:38:37,600 --> 00:38:44,460
ู„ูŠู‡ ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุงุดุชุบู„ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ุจู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุถูˆุก

406
00:38:44,460 --> 00:38:50,680
ุถูŠู‚ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุจุนุซ ุถูˆุกูŠ ูˆ ุฎู„ูŠุชู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนูŠุฏ ู…ุซู„ุง ุจุฏู„ 90

407
00:38:50,680 --> 00:38:56,190
ุฎู„ูŠุชู‡ 60 ุฃูˆ 50 ุจู„ ุฃุฌูŠุจ ูˆุดุนุฑ ุฃุนูˆุฏ ุฃุญุท ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู†

408
00:38:56,190 --> 00:39:02,450
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุถูŠู‚ ุฃุญุท ููŠ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูˆุงุณุน ู‡ุฐุง

409
00:39:02,450 --> 00:39:09,270
ู„ูŠู‡ ุนู„ุงุด ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ุฃุนุฏู„ ุฃูˆ ุฃุนุฏู„ ุถูˆุฆูŠ ู„ูŠุชู…ุงุดู‰ ู…ุน ุทุจูŠุนุฉ

410
00:39:09,270 --> 00:39:14,390
ุงู„ meridian ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ meridian ุฅู† ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„

411
00:39:14,390 --> 00:39:20,070
reflex ุจุชุงุนู‡ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุฏู„ูŠู„ ู„ูŠู‡

412
00:39:20,070 --> 00:39:27,610
ุจุถูŠู‚ ุจุงู„ุบู„ุท ุจูŠุถูŠู‚ ุจุงู„ุตุญ ูˆ ุจูŠุชูˆุณุน ุจุงู„ุฎุทุฃ ู„ู…ุง ุฃู‡ุฑู‘ูƒ ููŠ

413
00:39:27,610 --> 00:39:34,070
ุงู„ุตุญ ุถูˆุฆูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุถูˆุฆูŠ ุจุชุญุฑูƒ ุตุญ ุจู€ sleep ู„ู…ุง ุฃู‡ุฑู‘ูƒู‡ ู…ุน

414
00:39:34,070 --> 00:39:39,410
ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ narrow ู„ู…ุง ุฃุจูŠู‘ุถู‡ ุนู† ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ

415
00:39:39,410 --> 00:39:46,370
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ wide ุฒูŠ ู‡ู†ุง wide ูˆ narrow wide ุจุงู„ุฎุทุฃ ูˆ

416
00:39:46,370 --> 00:39:55,920
narrow ุจุงู„ุตุญ ุทุจ ุฃู†ุช ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุทุจุนุง ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุจู‚ูˆู„ the streak

417
00:39:55,920 --> 00:39:59,760
reflex appears brightest when you are streaking

418
00:39:59,760 --> 00:40:04,320
the meridian ุงู„ correct axis ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุช ุฑูˆุญุช ุจุนูŠุฏ

419
00:40:04,320 --> 00:40:12,600
ุนู†ู‡ ุฃูˆ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฅูŠุด ุฏู…ุŸ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฏู… ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุตุญ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง

420
00:40:12,600 --> 00:40:20,180
ู„ู…ุง ุฃูˆุฌู‘ู‡ ุถูˆุฆูŠ ุตุญ ุตุญ ุตุญ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ bright ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฃุจุฏ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ 

421
00:40:20,180 --> 00:40:26,140
ุฏู… ุฏู… ุฏู… ุฏู…ูˆู‡ูŠ ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุฃู†ุชูˆ ุฌุฑุจูˆู‡ุง ุฌุฑุจูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุฃูŠ ุนูŠู†

422
00:40:26,140 --> 00:40:30,620
ููŠู‡ุง ุงุณุชุฌู…ุงุชูŠุฒูŠ ูˆ ุณุชูŠู ููŠู‡ุง ุฃุตุจุนูƒ ุงู„ index finger

423
00:40:30,620 --> 00:40:42,000
ูˆุดูˆููŠ ูˆู‚ุชุด ุจุตูŠุฑ more dim ูˆู‚ุชุด ุจุตูŠุฑ more bright ุทูŠุจ

424
00:40:42,000 --> 00:40:46,760
ุงู„ break ููŠู† ู‡ู†ุงุŸ ุงูŠุด ุฃู†ุชูˆ ู…ู„ุงุญุธูŠู†ู‡ุŸ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจูŠู†

425
00:40:46,760 --> 00:40:49,660
ุงู„ reflex ูˆุจูŠู† ุถูˆุก ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ

426
00:40:53,840 --> 00:41:01,440
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ break ู„ู…ุง ุฃุนุฏู‘ู„ ุถูˆุกูŠ ูˆ ุฃุตุจุญ ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠ ุณูŠุตุจุญ

427
00:41:01,440 --> 00:41:08,940
ู…ุงุŸ ุณูŠุตุจุญ ู…ุงููŠุด break ุจู„ ุงู„ break ุงู„ุชูƒุณุฑ ู‡ุฐุง in 

428
00:41:08,940 --> 00:41:11,900
higher amounts of astigmatism the red reflex will

429
00:41:11,900 --> 00:41:16,460
tend to stay on axis even if the streak is rotated

430
00:41:16,460 --> 00:41:22,760
ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ reflex ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ streak

431
00:41:24,290 --> 00:41:31,050
ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุนู…ู„ุช ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุฎุทุฃ ูู„ุง ุฃุบูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„

432
00:41:31,050 --> 00:41:34,890
reflex ุฃู†ุง

433
00:41:34,890 --> 00:41:41,790
ุจุถุทุฑ ุฃู† ุฃุนู…ู„ ุถูˆุก ุตุญ ุนุดุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู‡ู„ ูŠ breakุŸ

434
00:41:41,790 --> 00:41:47,870
ููŠ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุฎุทุฃุŒ ู…ุงููŠ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุตุญ

435
00:41:47,870 --> 00:41:56,370
ู‡ู„ ูŠ breakุŸุฃู…ุง skew ูู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ

436
00:41:56,370 --> 00:42:05,670
ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ ู…ุชุญุฑูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุงู†ุญุฑุงู ู…ุงููŠุด ุชูˆุงูู‚ ุจูŠู† ุถูˆุกูŠ

437
00:42:05,670 --> 00:42:10,390
ูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ reflex skew

438
00:42:10,390 --> 00:42:18,750
ุงุณู…ู‡ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ุงุนุฑู ุทุจ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุญู„ ู„ skew ุงู†ุง ุงุนุฏู„ ุถูˆุกูŠ

439
00:42:18,750 --> 00:42:25,550
ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ุจุฎุชููŠ skill ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู†ุช

440
00:42:25,550 --> 00:42:33,670
ุจุชุนู…ู„ verification ุงู†ุช ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงุซุจุงุช ูˆุจุฑู‡ุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ูƒ

441
00:42:33,670 --> 00:42:39,230
ููŠ ุงู„ good axis ุงูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ correct axis ูุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ

442
00:42:39,230 --> 00:42:44,210
ู‡ุชุทู„ุนู„ูƒ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู†ุช ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุชุบู„ุจุช ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุจุชุตู„ ู„ู„

443
00:42:44,210 --> 00:42:51,820
axis ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ุจุชุนุฑูู‡ ุฒูŠ ู†ุดุงู† ุจุชุนุฑู ุงู„ู†ุดุงู† ุฅู† ูƒู†ุชูˆุง

444
00:42:51,820 --> 00:43:01,160
ุฃุทูุงู„ ู…ุงุฑ ุนู„ูŠูƒูˆุง ู†ุดุงู† ูƒู†ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู†ุฌูŠุจ ุฎุดุจ ุดุนุจุฉ ูˆู†ุญุท

445
00:43:01,160 --> 00:43:05,180
ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุญุฌุฑ

446
00:43:05,180 --> 00:43:12,940
ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑ ูˆู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุนุตููˆุฑ ูˆู†ุญุทู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ู†ู‚ุฏุฑู‡ ุนุดุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ

447
00:43:12,940 --> 00:43:17,780
ูŠุตูŠุจ ููƒุงู†ูˆุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุฃู‡ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃุถูŠู‚ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช

448
00:43:17,780 --> 00:43:23,520
ุฃุญุณู† ูƒูŠู ุชู‚ุตู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุฌุฑุฉ ุฃุถูŠู‚ ู„ูƒู† ูƒู„ ู…ูƒุงู† ุฃูˆุณุน ูƒู†ุช

449
00:43:23,520 --> 00:43:26,360
ูุงูƒุฑู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ุจุชุฌูŠุจู‡ ุฎุทุฃ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฌุงูŠุจู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ู…ุซู„ุง

450
00:43:26,360 --> 00:43:30,200
ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุณุงู†ุชูŠ ู„ุฃ ู„ูƒู† ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุฎู…ุณ ุณุงู†ุชูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ู‡ุงู†ูŠ

451
00:43:30,200 --> 00:43:36,500
ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฌูŠุจู‡ุง ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุจุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ูˆ ู‡ุงู†ุง ุฒูŠูƒ how to

452
00:43:36,500 --> 00:43:45,080
diagnose the correct location or axis of ุฏู‡ ุงูŠุด ุฏู‡

453
00:43:45,080 --> 00:43:48,600
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ axis of a cylinder

454
00:43:52,080 --> 00:43:57,000
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃุณูƒูŠู‡ ุจู‚ูˆู„ if we streak a meridian that is

455
00:43:57,000 --> 00:44:02,040
away from the meridian ุจุนูŠุฏุง ุนู† ุงู„ meridian of the

456
00:44:02,040 --> 00:44:04,900
correct axis the reflex will tend to travel along

457
00:44:04,900 --> 00:44:07,140
correct meridian rather than follow the streak

458
00:44:07,140 --> 00:44:11,480
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ reflex ู…ุง ุจูŠุทูˆุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ reflex ู‡ุฐุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡

459
00:44:11,480 --> 00:44:18,400
ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠูุถู„ ู‡ูˆ ุตุญ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุตุญ ูˆุฎุทุฃ ูˆูŠู† ููŠ ุถูˆุก ุฃู†ุง ุฎุทุฃ ููŠ

460
00:44:18,400 --> 00:44:20,580
ุถูˆุก ุฃู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุดูŠุก ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู„ูŠ

461
00:44:23,520 --> 00:44:28,560
ุงุนุฏู„ ุงุนุฏู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ู„ู‡ุง ุฑุตูŠู ุฃู†ุง ุจุณูˆู‚ ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุฃู†ุง

462
00:44:28,560 --> 00:44:30,540
ุจุฏุฑุจ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุตูŠู ุทุจ ูˆ ุฑุตูŠู ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡

463
00:44:30,540 --> 00:44:34,220
ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡

464
00:44:34,220 --> 00:44:34,360
ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡

465
00:44:34,360 --> 00:44:34,540
ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡

466
00:44:34,540 --> 00:44:35,540
ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡

467
00:44:35,540 --> 00:44:43,320
ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡

468
00:44:43,320 --> 00:44:47,840
ุงูŠ

469
00:44:48,790 --> 00:44:53,530
ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุธูˆุงู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุฃุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ุง ูุถู„ Struggling

470
00:44:53,530 --> 00:45:00,290
Struggling ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุนุฌูŠุจุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงูุฑุถ ุฃู†ูŠ

471
00:45:00,290 --> 00:45:08,330
ุฃู†ุง ุถู†ู†ุช ุฃู† ุงุญุณู† ุดูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู† ุงู„ axis ููŠ ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู†

472
00:45:08,330 --> 00:45:15,110
90 degree good axis ุฃู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุงู‡ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุจุณ ุจุชุฌุฑู‰

473
00:45:15,110 --> 00:45:18,480
ุชุซุจุชู‡ุง ุฏู‡ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ูƒูŠู ุงุซุจุช ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุงุนู…ู„

474
00:45:18,480 --> 00:45:23,440
straddling ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ straddlingุŸ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุงุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰

475
00:45:23,440 --> 00:45:29,220
ุฌุงู†ุจูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุฎู…ุณุฉ

476
00:45:29,220 --> 00:45:35,100
ูˆุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ู…ุฑุฉ

477
00:45:35,100 --> 00:45:40,060
ุญุท ุถุคุงูƒ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆุญุท ุถุคุงูƒ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุงู†ุจูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุช

478
00:45:40,060 --> 00:45:53,140
ุงุฎุชุฑุชู‡ ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู† ูˆู‚ุงุฑู† ู‡ู„ ุงู„ู€ 135 ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃูˆุถุญ ูˆุฃุณุฑุน ู…ู†

479
00:45:53,140 --> 00:45:59,200
ุงู„ 90 ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ 90 ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃูˆุถุญ ูˆุฃุณุฑุน ูˆ more bright

480
00:45:59,200 --> 00:46:03,300
ุชุนุฑููŠู†

481
00:46:03,300 --> 00:46:07,670
ุถุฏู‡ุง ุชุนุฑููˆุง ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฎู…ู† ู‚ุงู„ ุฃู†ุง ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡

482
00:46:07,670 --> 00:46:10,750
ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุชู…ุงู… ุฅุฌุง ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ axis ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏุฃ

483
00:46:10,750 --> 00:46:15,110
ุฃุดุชุบู„ ููŠู‡ ู„ุณู‡ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุทู„ู‡ ุนุฏุณุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ุจุญุท ุงู„ุนุฏุณุงุช

484
00:46:15,110 --> 00:46:18,090
ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ axis ู„ุฃ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุจุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„

485
00:46:18,090 --> 00:46:23,930
axis ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุญุท ุงู„ lenses ูุงู†ุง ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ูˆ ุฃูŠู† ุงู„ axis

486
00:46:23,930 --> 00:46:28,090
ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุชู‡ุง ุงู„ axis ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุงู† ุฅุดูŠ

487
00:46:28,090 --> 00:46:33,620
ุณู‡ู„ ุงู„ neutral point ุจุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุฌ ุจุตู„ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ูุจู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุชูˆ

488
00:46:33,620 --> 00:46:37,400
ุงุฎุชุฑุช ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู† ู‚ุจู„ ูุชุฑุฉ ุฏูŠ ุณุงุนุฉ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุงู‡ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุทุจ

489
00:46:37,400 --> 00:46:41,200
ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงุทู„ุนู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ู‡ูŠูˆ

490
00:46:41,200 --> 00:46:46,120
ุงุทู„ุนู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆ ุงุนู…ู„ูŠ ุงูŠุด struggling

491
00:46:46,120 --> 00:46:51,700
ุงุนู…ู„ูŠ streaking ู„ู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ู‚ุงุฑู† ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ

492
00:46:51,700 --> 00:46:55,640
ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ูˆุถูˆุญู‡ ูˆ ุดุฑุนุชู‡ ูˆ ุงู„ thickness ุจุชุงุนู‡ ูˆ

493
00:46:55,640 --> 00:47:02,620
ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู† ู…ูŠู† ุฃุญุณู†ุŸุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู† ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุฃู†ุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู†

494
00:47:02,620 --> 00:47:13,400
ุงุทู„ุนู„ู‰ 135 ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ูˆุดูˆู ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉ ูˆ

495
00:47:13,400 --> 00:47:18,220
ุงู„ูˆุถูˆุญ ูˆ ุงู„ thickness ุฃุญุณู† ููŠ ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู† ูˆ ู„ุง 135ุŸ

496
00:47:18,220 --> 00:47:25,760
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุงู„ ู„ุฃ 135 ุฃุญุณู† ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู‡ ุดุงูŠู ุงู„ 135 ุฃุญุณู† ุฅุฐุง

497
00:47:25,760 --> 00:47:32,260
ุนุฏู„ ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู† ู„ 135 ู‡ุฐุง ุงุณู…ู‡ Struggling ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุงู†ุจูŠู‡

498
00:47:32,260 --> 00:47:39,740
ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ูˆุฃู†ุง ุนุฌุจู†ูŠ ุดุนุฑ ุฒู…ุงู† ู‚ุงู„ ู„ุง ูŠุณู„ู… ุงู„ุดุฑู

499
00:47:39,740 --> 00:47:48,640
ุงู„ุฑููŠุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฐู‰ ุญุชู‰ ูŠุฑุงู‚ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุฌูˆุงู†ุจู‡ ุงู„ุฏู… ูƒูŠูุŸ ู‚ุงู„

500
00:47:48,640 --> 00:47:53,960
ุงู„ุดุฑู ุงู„ุฑููŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุงุณุชู‚ู„ุงู„ ูˆุงู„ุณูŠุงุฏุฉ ู„ุง ูŠุณู„ู…

501
00:47:53,960 --> 00:47:58,930
ุงู„ุดุฑู ุงู„ุฑููŠุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฐู‰ ุญุชู‰ ุฅูŠุด ุตุงุญุจ ูŠุนู…ู„ Escape Dam

502
00:47:58,930 --> 00:48:06,970
ุญุชู‰ ูŠุฑุงู‚ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌูˆุงู†ุจู‡ ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆู‡ุฐุง Straddling ุนู„ู‰

503
00:48:06,970 --> 00:48:13,790
ุฌูˆุงู†ุจู‡ ุงู„ุฏู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุงุฎุชุงุฑุช ุงู„ 90 ุจุฏูŠ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃู‚ุงุฑู†ู‡

504
00:48:13,790 --> 00:48:19,110
ุจุงู„ 45 ุฌุงุจ ู†ุญุท ุนุฏุณุงุช ูˆ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃู‚ุงุฑู†ู‡ 125 ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง

505
00:48:19,110 --> 00:48:24,170
ุฌูŠุช ุงู„ 90 ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุฎู„ุงุต ูƒู ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุคู…ู†ูŠู†

506
00:48:25,200 --> 00:48:32,820
ุงู„ู‚ุชุงู„ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุฑุฌูŠุช ุงู„ 45 ุงูˆ 135 ุงุญุณู† ูุงู„ุฑุฌูˆู…

507
00:48:32,820 --> 00:48:40,060
ู„ู„ุญู‚ ูุถูŠู„ุฉ ุจุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญู‚ ูˆ ุงุฎุชุงุฑ ุงู„ุฃุญุณู† ุฌุงุจ ู…ุง ุญุท

508
00:48:40,060 --> 00:48:44,720
ุงู„ุนุฏุณุงุช ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุทุจ ุงู†ุช ุงูุฑุถ ุทุงู„ู…ุงูƒ ุงู„

509
00:48:44,720 --> 00:48:50,780
45 ุงุญุณู† ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุขู† ุงุนู…ู„ straddling ู„ 45 ุทุจ ูˆ ุงูŠู† ุงู„

510
00:48:50,780 --> 00:48:52,120
straddling ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ 45

511
00:48:56,210 --> 00:49:03,490
ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู† ุฃุญุณู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ

512
00:49:03,490 --> 00:49:09,130
ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู† ุจุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุน ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ

513
00:49:09,130 --> 00:49:13,570
ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุตุญ ุจูƒูˆู† ุฃู†ุง ู…ู† ุฃุณุงุณ ุจุดุชุบู„ ุจุนูŠุฏ ุจุนูŠุฏ

514
00:49:13,570 --> 00:49:19,610
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู†ุงูŠู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุนู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† ุฃู†ุง ุฃุฎุชุงุฑ ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู† ูˆ

515
00:49:19,610 --> 00:49:26,500
ูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ุตุญ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ุฌุฑูŠุจ ูˆู„ุง ุจุนูŠุฏ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง

516
00:49:26,500 --> 00:49:30,960
ุงุชุญู…ู„ุช ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู‡ 45 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุบู„ุท ููŠ ุงู„ 45 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู„ูƒู†

517
00:49:30,960 --> 00:49:34,080
ุฃู†ุง ุบู„ุท ููŠ 90 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ูƒุงู…ู„ูŠู† ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฃู† ุฃู†ุง ู…ุด ูƒุงูŠู†

518
00:49:34,080 --> 00:49:42,280
ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุนุฑูุชูˆุง ุงูŠุด struggling ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุงู†ุจูŠู‡ ุงู‡ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง

519
00:49:42,280 --> 00:49:46,420
ู…ุด ู…ู„ุฒู… ู„ูƒู… ุตุญ ู…ู„ุฒู… ููŠ ุงู„ุงู…ุชุญุงู† ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู„ ู…ู„ุฒู… ุฃู†

520
00:49:46,420 --> 00:49:51,220
ุชุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ููŠู‡ ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ู„ุฃ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุงูŠุนุฑู ู…ูŠู‡

521
00:49:51,220 --> 00:49:56,100
ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุจูŠูƒูŠู ู†ูุณู‡ ู…ุน ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุณ ูŠุงู„ู…ุง

522
00:49:56,100 --> 00:50:01,180
ูŠุณุฃู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุฃูƒุงุฏูŠู…ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุงุฑู ุงู„ูƒู„ ุทูŠุจ

523
00:50:01,180 --> 00:50:08,900
ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ 45 ูˆ 135 ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุดุฑุญู†ุงู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ ู‡ุงูŠ ุดูˆู ุงู„ุฃูˆู„

524
00:50:08,900 --> 00:50:14,400
ู…ุซู„ุง ู‡ุงูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ

525
00:50:14,400 --> 00:50:19,320
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุทู„ุน

526
00:50:19,320 --> 00:50:24,910
ู‡ู†ุง ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุน ุฌู†ุจู‡ 45 ูˆุน ุฌู†ุจู‡ 45 ูˆุนู…ู„ู†ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ

527
00:50:24,910 --> 00:50:31,850
straddling ุชู†ุณูˆุด ูƒู„ู…ุฉ straddling ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุงู†ุจูŠู‡ ู…ุฑุฉ

528
00:50:31,850 --> 00:50:37,770
ูƒุฏู‡ ูˆ ู…ุฑุฉ ูƒุฏู‡ ู‡ุฐุง

529
00:50:37,770 --> 00:50:45,010
ู„ุณู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุฃุญุท ุณููŠุฑ .. ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุฃุญุท .. ุฃู‡ ุฃู‡ ู‡ุฐุง

530
00:50:45,010 --> 00:50:45,710
ู„ุณู‡ ุจุฏุฑูŠ

531
00:50:48,890 --> 00:50:54,790
ุฃู†ุง ุณููŠุฑ ..ู…ุงุดูŠ ุดูƒุฑุง ู„ูƒู… ุฃู†ุง ุณููŠุฑ ุฎู„ุตุช ู…ู†ู‡ ุงุดุชุบู„ุช

532
00:50:54,790 --> 00:50:59,210
ุจุณููŠุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ุขู† ุฎู„ุตุช ูˆุงุญุฏ meridian ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุตุงุฑ

533
00:50:59,210 --> 00:51:04,010
ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑุงู„ ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠู‡ ุฎู„ุงุต ูˆุตู„ ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑุงู„

534
00:51:04,010 --> 00:51:07,270
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุณุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุณุชุบู„ู‡

535
00:51:07,270 --> 00:51:11,610
ุฃู†ุง ุจุณููŠุฑ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุฃุญุท ุงู„ุณููŠุฑ ..ุฃุณู ุณู„ู†ุฏุฑ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง

536
00:51:11,610 --> 00:51:15,030
ุฃุญุท ุงู„ุณู„ู†ุฏุฑ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนุฑู ุฃูŠู† ุฃุญุท ุงู„ axis ุจุชุงุนู‡ุง

537
00:51:17,670 --> 00:51:21,990
ุนุดุงู† ุฃุญุท ุงู„ axis ุจุชุงุนู‡ุง ุตุญ ุฅู† ุงุดุชุบู„ุช ูƒู„ ุงู„ุดุบู„ ู‡ุฐุง

538
00:51:21,990 --> 00:51:28,050
ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงุดุชุบู„ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆูŠู† ู‡ู… ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุงูŠ

539
00:51:28,050 --> 00:51:33,950
ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุฃูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฃูˆ

540
00:51:33,950 --> 00:51:40,590
ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุชุญุทูŠู„ูŠ ุงู„ axis

541
00:51:40,590 --> 00:51:47,980
ุฃูˆ cylinder ุตุญ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุชุจุฏุฃูŠ ุชุญุทูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃุณุงุณ ู„ุณู‡

542
00:51:47,980 --> 00:51:51,020
ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุฃุถุน ุงู„ุณู„ูŠู†ุฏุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุฃุถุน ุงู„ุณู„ูŠู†ุฏุฑ ูˆูƒูŠู

543
00:51:51,020 --> 00:51:58,140
ุฃุถุน ุงู„ุณู„ูŠู†ุฏุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุณู‡ ุชุฃุณูŠุณ ู„ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุฑูุชู‡ ูƒูŠู ุงู„

544
00:51:58,140 --> 00:52:05,640
thickness phenomenon ุนุงู„ุณุฑูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ intensity skew ู„ูˆ

545
00:52:05,640 --> 00:52:10,940
ุงุฎุชุฑุช ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุจุนู…ู„ struggling ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู†

546
00:52:10,940 --> 00:52:16,120
ู„ู…ุง ุฃุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ axis ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ูˆ ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ ุฃุจุฏุฃ ุฃูุถู‘ู„ ู…ุซู„ุง plus

547
00:52:16,120 --> 00:52:20,180
ุฃูุถุช ู†ุต ุซู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ุซู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ู†ุต ุซู… ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู€ streaking

548
00:52:20,180 --> 00:52:24,060
ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุงุนู…ู„ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุซู„ุง ุงูŠุฌุง ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑุงู„ ุชู…ุงู… ุฎู„ุตู†ุง

549
00:52:24,060 --> 00:52:28,800
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุจู€ cylinder ูˆุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ

550
00:52:28,800 --> 00:52:32,900
ุจุณููŠุฑ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุณููŠุฑู‡ cylinder ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุจุณููŠุฑ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ

551
00:52:32,900 --> 00:52:42,440
cylinder ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฑู‚ูŠุฉ ู…ุด ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุตุนุจุฉ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„

552
00:52:45,980 --> 00:52:49,360
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุจูŠุบู„ุจ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุด ุฃุตู„ูŠ

553
00:52:49,360 --> 00:52:54,860
not genuine ุดุงูŠููŠู†ุŸ

554
00:52:54,860 --> 00:53:00,820
ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุดุงูŠููŠู†ุŸ

555
00:53:00,820 --> 00:53:08,260
not genuine ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุด genuine ูŠุง ุฃุจูˆ ุญู…ุฒุฉ ุจูŠุบู„ุจ ู…ุด

556
00:53:08,260 --> 00:53:10,920
ุฃุตู„ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุทูŠุจ

557
00:53:15,750 --> 00:53:21,370
ุงู„ุขู† ุงุญู†ุง ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู„ู„ุงุฎุฑ ู„ู…ุง ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุงูŠุดุŸ ุงุฎุฑ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุทูŠุจ

558
00:53:21,370 --> 00:53:27,490
ุฎู„ุตุช straddlingุŸ the next step is to neutralize

559
00:53:27,490 --> 00:53:33,410
the astigmatism with plus cylinder power ุญุฏุฏู†ุง ุงู„

560
00:53:33,410 --> 00:53:39,890
access ูŠู„ุง ุจู†ุจุฏุฃ ู†ุญุท ุนุฏุณุงุช ุชู‚ูˆู„ remember ุชุฐูƒุฑ ุงูŠุดุŸ 

561
00:53:39,890 --> 00:53:45,210
ุฅู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุฃู†ุง ุฃูˆู„ ุฃุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ุตู†ุงู‡ุง ุจุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจุณููŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„

562
00:53:45,210 --> 00:53:49,130
already ุจุณููŠุฑ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ the meridian 90

563
00:53:49,130 --> 00:53:55,410
degree away ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ still ู…ุง with motion we

564
00:53:55,410 --> 00:53:58,090
begin by streaking the meridian that has the

565
00:53:58,090 --> 00:54:03,230
brightest narrowest reflex ุฎู„ุตู†ุงู‡ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู‡ ูˆู„ูƒู†

566
00:54:03,230 --> 00:54:07,370
since we are using plus cylinder lens ูŠุงู„ุง ุฅูŠุด

567
00:54:07,370 --> 00:54:13,100
ู‡ู†ุญุท ุงู„ axis ุจุชุงุนู‡ุง ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ meridian in other

568
00:54:13,100 --> 00:54:17,360
words ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ 180 ู‡ุงูŠ ุญุทูŠู‡ุง ููŠ

569
00:54:17,360 --> 00:54:22,720
ุงู„ู€ 180 ุงู‡ ูˆ ุถูˆุกูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ meridianูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ

570
00:54:22,720 --> 00:54:29,890
ุงู„ู€ 90 ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ meridian ุจุชุงุนูŠ ู…ุน ุถูˆุกูŠ ุขุณู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

571
00:54:29,890 --> 00:54:34,970
ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ meridian ู‡ู†ุง ูˆุถูˆุกูŠ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ .. ุถูˆุกูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุน

572
00:54:34,970 --> 00:54:38,150
ุงู„ axis ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุถูˆุกูŠ ู…ุน ุงู„ axis ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฒูŠ

573
00:54:38,150 --> 00:54:43,530
ู…ุง ุชู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู†ุญู† ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู€ 90 ุงู‡ ุจุท ุงู„ axis of cylinder

574
00:54:43,530 --> 00:54:47,910
ููŠ ุงู„ู€ 180 ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ axis ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ axis ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ

575
00:54:47,910 --> 00:54:52,970
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ meridian ุฎู„ุงุต ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ ุงู„ meridian ุทูŠุจ

576
00:54:56,860 --> 00:55:07,060
ุจู†ุญุท plus cylinder ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต

577
00:55:07,060 --> 00:55:09,940
ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต

578
00:55:09,940 --> 00:55:10,380
ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต

579
00:55:10,380 --> 00:55:11,800
ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต

580
00:55:11,800 --> 00:55:14,300
ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต 

581
00:55:22,160 --> 00:55:30,900
ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ูˆุจุญุท ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู„ู…ุซู„ ุฅูŠุด approaching neutral

582
00:55:30,900 --> 00:55:37,440
point ุฃูˆ neutrality by plus cylinder power ุฅูŠุด

583
00:55:37,440 --> 00:55:45,320
ุงู„ end point neutral point ุตุฑุช ุฃู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ู‚ุงุฏุฑ

584
00:55:45,320 --> 00:55:49,440
ุฃุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ reflex ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ with ูˆู„ุง against ุจู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง

585
00:55:49,440 --> 00:55:57,350
ุฃู‚ู ูˆู„ุง ุฃุชู‚ุฏู… ู…ุง ุฃู‚ุฏู…ุด ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ุงู„ neutral

586
00:55:57,350 --> 00:56:01,850
point ู‡ุฐู‡ ุดูŠุก ูˆุงุณุน neutral point ุฃูˆ reflex the

587
00:56:01,850 --> 00:56:05,390
reflex may appear neutral over a wide range ุฅูŠุด

588
00:56:05,390 --> 00:56:13,710
wide rangeุŸ ู…ุฏู‰ ุจุนูŠุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ of power settings ูŠุจู‚ู‰

589
00:56:13,710 --> 00:56:17,050
ุงู„ุขู† ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ู„ูŠ ุฃู…ุงู…ูƒ ุญูุฑุฉ

590
00:56:19,720 --> 00:56:26,100
ู‡ู„ ุฃู†ุง ุฃู…ุถูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ู‚ุฏู…ูŠ ุชุตุจุญ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุญูุฑุฉุŸ ูˆู„ุง

591
00:56:26,100 --> 00:56:32,700
ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุงูุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆุฃู‚ู ูˆุฃู†ุธุฑ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ุญูุฑุฉ ูƒู…

592
00:56:32,700 --> 00:56:37,700
ู‡ูŠุŸ ูƒูŠู ู‡ูŠุŸ ุฃู…ุง ู„ูˆ ุถู‚ุช ู‚ุฏู…ูŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุญูุฑุฉ ูู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฅู†

593
00:56:37,700 --> 00:56:44,440
ุฑุฃุณูŠ ุญุตูŠุฑ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุญูุฑุฉ ุงู„ู€ neutral point ุจุฏุง ุดูŠุก ู…ู†

594
00:56:44,440 --> 00:56:48,880
ุงู„ุญุฐุฑ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ุฅู† ุฃุตุงุจุนูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุงูุฉ ูƒูŠูุŸ ู„ุง ุชูƒู…ู„

595
00:56:49,740 --> 00:56:55,760
ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจูŠุฌูŠ verification ุจุนุฏูŠู†ุŒ ู‡ู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุทูŠุจ

596
00:56:55,760 --> 00:57:02,660
ุทูŠุจ

597
00:57:02,660 --> 00:57:12,220
ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุฃูุถู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃูุนุงุฏู„ least with least with ู‡ุฐูŠ

598
00:57:12,220 --> 00:57:19,470
ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† hypermetrop ุฃูˆ ุญุชู‰ emmetrop least with ุทุจ ู„ูˆ

599
00:57:19,470 --> 00:57:28,270
ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ against ู…ุง ูŠู‚ุจู„ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ against

600
00:57:28,270 --> 00:57:36,810
ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ุงู„ most against ุฃุนุฏู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ

601
00:57:36,810 --> 00:57:43,630
ุจุนุฏู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ least with ุฃูˆ ุงู„ most against ูˆู‡ุฐุง

602
00:57:43,630 --> 00:57:48,370
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุฎุจุฑุฉ most

603
00:57:48,370 --> 00:57:55,370
experienced heteroscopist ุฃู†ู‡ ุดูˆู ุงู„ width ู…ูŠู†

604
00:57:55,370 --> 00:57:59,590
ุฃู‚ุฑุจ ู„ู„ width ูˆุจูŠุฃุฎุฐู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูˆ if ูƒุงู†ูˆุง against

605
00:57:59,590 --> 00:58:07,150
ู…ูŠู† ุฃุจุนุฏ ูˆุจูŠุฃุฎุฐู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุฃุณู‡ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุทูŠุจ the

606
00:58:07,150 --> 00:58:10,730
meridian that has thinnest quickest

607
00:58:12,090 --> 00:58:22,670
with movement ูˆูŠุญุทูˆุง ู…ุนู‡ุง brightest ูˆ thinnest

608
00:58:22,670 --> 00:58:26,650
ูˆ quickest is the appropriate meridian to

609
00:58:26,650 --> 00:58:29,950
neutralize the first biosphere ู‡ุงูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู…

610
00:58:29,950 --> 00:58:36,590
biosphere this will make the second narrow

611
00:58:39,090 --> 00:58:42,410
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุฃุนู…ู„ ุงู„ neutrality ุจุงู„ุณููŠุฑ ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฅูŠุด

612
00:58:42,410 --> 00:58:51,710
ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุญูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุŸ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู†ุญู† ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ ุตุงุฑ

613
00:58:51,710 --> 00:58:58,290
neutral ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฌุฑุจ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† .. ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ูƒูŠูุŸ

614
00:58:58,290 --> 00:59:04,810
ูƒุงู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุถูŠู‚ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ูˆุงุณุน ู„ู…ุง ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง

615
00:59:04,810 --> 00:59:10,290
ุจุงู„ุณู„ุงู…ุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏุฃ ูŠู‚ุชุฑุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏุฃ ูŠู‚ุชุฑุจ ู‡ุฐุง

616
00:59:10,290 --> 00:59:18,070
ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ุณู„ู†ุฏุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู‡ ุณููŠุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู‡ ุณู„ู†ุฏุฑ ูˆุงุถุญ

617
00:59:18,070 --> 00:59:30,450
ุทูŠุจ plus

618
00:59:30,450 --> 00:59:34,890
ุณู„ู†ุฏุฑ ุทูŠุจ

619
00:59:34,890 --> 00:59:38,850
ุงู„ุขู† ุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุฏุฑุณ ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ minus ู…ุด ู‡ุฏุฎู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…

620
00:59:40,770 --> 00:59:44,750
ู…ุด ู‡ุฏุฎู„ ููŠ ุงู„ minus cylinder ุนุดุงู† ู…ุง ู†ุฏุฎู„ุด ู†ู„ุนุจ ููŠ

621
00:59:44,750 --> 00:59:47,590
ุจุนุถู‡ ุจุณ ุจู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงูŠ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู†ุนู…ู„

622
00:59:47,590 --> 00:59:53,410
discussion ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ plus cylinder ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุนุงุฑููŠู†ู‡ ูƒูˆูŠุณ

623
00:59:53,410 --> 00:59:57,910
ูˆุนุงู…ู„ูŠู‡ ุฒูŠ quiz ุตุบูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุนุฑูุชูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„

624
00:59:57,910 --> 01:00:02,850
plus cylinder ุชู…ุงู… ูˆูƒูŠู ู†ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุธูˆุงู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡

625
01:00:02,850 --> 01:00:08,610
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ intensity ูˆ ุงู„ thickness ูˆ ุงู„

626
01:00:08,610 --> 01:00:13,950
intensity ูˆ ุงู„ skew ูˆ ุงู„ break ูˆ straddling ุนุดุงู†

627
01:00:13,950 --> 01:00:18,570
ู†ุนู…ู„ discussion ุนุดุงู† ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู„ minus ูŠูƒูˆู† ุณู‡ู„

628
01:00:18,570 --> 01:00:23,770
ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุฅู† ุฅุญู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุดูƒุฑุงู‹ ู„ูƒู… ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู