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1
00:00:20,890 --> 00:00:23,950
ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡

2
00:00:23,950 --> 00:00:29,690
ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ู‡ู†ูƒู…ู„ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ููŠ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ frame

3
00:00:29,690 --> 00:00:36,290
measurements and marking ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุจุฏุฃู†ุง

4
00:00:36,290 --> 00:00:42,660
ููŠ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู€ Datum System ูˆุงู„ู€ Boxing System

5
00:00:42,660 --> 00:00:48,260
ูˆุงุชุนุฑูู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ุงู„ู€ A Dimension ูˆุงู„ู€ B

6
00:00:48,260 --> 00:00:54,360
Dimension ูˆุงู„ู€ C Dimension. The difference between

7
00:00:54,360 --> 00:00:58,800
the horizontalุŒ ุฅุฐุงุŒ ุฃู…ุง ุฃุชูƒู„ู… horizontalุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุจู…ุนู†ู‰

8
00:00:58,800 --> 00:01:04,120
ุงู„ู€ A Dimension ูˆุงู„ู€ vertical measurements ุงู„ู„ูŠ

9
00:01:04,120 --> 00:01:09,660
ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ B Dimension is known as the frame

10
00:01:09,660 --> 00:01:15,040
difference.  ุฅู† ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฅุทุงุฑ. ุทูŠุจ ูƒูŠู ู…ู…ูƒู†

11
00:01:15,040 --> 00:01:21,580
ุฃู† ู†ู‚ูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุดูˆูู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง

12
00:01:21,580 --> 00:01:28,480
ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุงู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุฃุฑุจุนูŠู†ุŒ ู‡ุงุฏ ุจุชู…ุซู„

13
00:01:28,480 --> 00:01:35,910
ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุงู„ู€ A dimensionุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€ 28 ุจุชู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู€ B

14
00:01:35,910 --> 00:01:43,130
dimension. ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ A ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ู€ B ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุงู„ู€

15
00:01:43,130 --> 00:01:47,030
difference ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ horizontal ูˆุงู„ู€ vertical

16
00:01:47,030 --> 00:01:56,810
measurement. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง 48 ู†ุงู‚ุต 28ุŒ ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ 20

17
00:01:56,810 --> 00:02:03,840
ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ. ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ two meridians.

18
00:02:03,840 --> 00:02:10,400
The larger the difference, the more rectangular

19
00:02:10,400 --> 00:02:17,320
the enclosing box appears. ุงู„ุขู† ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉุŒ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†

20
00:02:17,320 --> 00:02:22,580
ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุณุชุทูŠู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑุŒ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ู…ุง ุจูŠู†

21
00:02:22,580 --> 00:02:27,910
ุงู„ู€ A ูˆุงู„ู€ B ุฃูƒุซุฑ. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุงุชุทู„ุนูˆุง ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ู‡ู†ุง

22
00:02:27,910 --> 00:02:32,230
ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ูˆุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู†. ุงู„ุขู† ูˆุฅุญู†ุง ุฅูŠุด

23
00:02:32,230 --> 00:02:36,890
ุถุบุทู†ุงู‡ ุดูˆูŠุฉุŒ ุตุงุฑ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุฃุฑุจุนูŠู†ุŒ ุฃูˆ ุนููˆุงู‹ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

24
00:02:36,890 --> 00:02:40,470
ูƒุจุฑู†ุงู‡ ุดูˆูŠุฉุŒ ูุฃุตุจุญ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ูˆุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ

25
00:02:40,470 --> 00:02:45,130
ุซู„ุงุซูŠู†. ูุตุงุฑุช ุฅูŠุด ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ู€ A ูˆุงู„ู€ BุŸ ุฅูŠุด ู…ุงู„ู‡ุงุŸ ุฃูƒุจุฑ

26
00:02:45,130 --> 00:02:49,610
ููƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ู…ุณุชุทูŠู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑุŒ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ููŠ

27
00:02:49,610 --> 00:02:55,010
ุงู„ู‚ูŠู… ุฃูƒุซุฑ. frame difference is sometimes

28
00:02:55,010 --> 00:03:00,390
referred to as lens difference. ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ู…ุง ุจูŠู†

29
00:03:00,390 --> 00:03:04,990
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ A dimension ูˆุงู„ู€ B dimensionุŒ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ููŠ

30
00:03:04,990 --> 00:03:09,990
ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุจูŠุดุงุฑ ู„ู‡ ุจุงู„ู€ lens differenceุŒ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู

31
00:03:09,990 --> 00:03:15,810
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ dimensionุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุจุนุงุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุฏุณุฉ

32
00:03:15,810 --> 00:03:20,330
ุงู„ู…ุณุชุทูŠู„.

33
00:03:22,420 --> 00:03:26,180
rectangularุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุณุชุทูŠู„ุŒ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

34
00:03:26,180 --> 00:03:30,620
ุงู„ู…ุณุชุทูŠู„ ุฃูƒุจุฑุŒ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ A

35
00:03:30,620 --> 00:03:32,560
ูˆู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ B.

36
00:03:37,180 --> 00:03:42,640
The boxing system also makes it possible to define

37
00:03:42,640 --> 00:03:47,960
the distance between lenses. ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุฅุญู†ุง ุนู…ู„ู†ุง

38
00:03:47,960 --> 00:03:52,500
geometric center ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุตูุŒ ูˆ geometric center ู…ู†

39
00:03:52,500 --> 00:03:56,900
ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุตูุŒ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชู…ุซู„ุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

40
00:03:56,900 --> 00:04:01,840
ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ distance between lensesุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงู„ู€

41
00:04:01,840 --> 00:04:06,570
distance between lenses is the distance between the

42
00:04:06,570 --> 00:04:11,310
two boxes. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ two lenses ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€

43
00:04:11,310 --> 00:04:17,550
two boxes when both lenses are boxed off in the

44
00:04:17,550 --> 00:04:21,770
frame. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ูŠุชู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุนุฏุณุฉ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ

45
00:04:21,770 --> 00:04:28,550
ุงู„ุฅุทุงุฑ. ุฃูŠูˆุฉุŒ ุจุณ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ุง ูŠุชู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุนุฏุณุฉ

46
00:04:28,550 --> 00:04:32,130
ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฅุทุงุฑุŒ ุจูŠุตุจุญ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ center

47
00:04:32,130 --> 00:04:37,750
ู„ู€ center ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ุนุฏุณุฉ. ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ูŠุงู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุจูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ frame

48
00:04:37,750 --> 00:04:42,490
ุจุฏูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุฏุณุงุชุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ blank size.

49
00:04:42,490 --> 00:04:46,730
ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุงู…ุง ุจุฃุฎุฐ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ center ู„ู„ู€ centerุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูˆู†

50
00:04:46,730 --> 00:04:50,150
ุนุฏุณุฉุŒ ู…ุงููŠุด ุฃูŠ ุนุฏุณุฉุŒ ูุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ distance between

51
00:04:50,150 --> 00:04:55,640
boxing. ุทูŠุจุŒ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ุนุฏุณุงุชุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุนุฏุณุฉ

52
00:04:55,640 --> 00:04:58,980
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู€ frameุŒ ุจุฃุฎุฐ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€

53
00:04:58,980 --> 00:05:03,400
center ู„ู„ู€ center ู„ู„ุนุฏุณุฉุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ูู…ุฏูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

54
00:05:03,400 --> 00:05:08,020
ู‡ูˆ distance betweenุŒ distanceุŒ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู€

55
00:05:08,020 --> 00:05:13,280
frame BD ู…ุง ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…. okay. ุงู„ุขู† ุฅุญู†ุง ุฌุงูŠ ู†ู‚ูŠุณ ุงู„ู€

56
00:05:13,280 --> 00:05:18,180
bridge sizeุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุณุงูุฉุŒ ุจุณ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู‡ุงู…ุŒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡

57
00:05:18,180 --> 00:05:23,980
ุงู„ู€ bridge ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ size ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ distance between lenses.

58
00:05:24,720 --> 00:05:30,820
is measured on the frame. ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‚ูŠุงุณู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทุงุฑุŒ as

59
00:05:30,820 --> 00:05:36,660
the distance from the inside nasal eye wire. ูŠุนู†ูŠ

60
00:05:36,660 --> 00:05:40,620
ุงู„ุขู† ู…ู† ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ nasal ู„ู„ู€ eye wire ุงู„ุฃูˆู„

61
00:05:40,620 --> 00:05:49,000
ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ู„ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ

62
00:05:49,000 --> 00:05:55,000
ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ. across the bridge area at the

63
00:05:55,000 --> 00:06:01,480
narrowest point. ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุถูŠู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู€

64
00:06:01,480 --> 00:06:05,740
bridge areaุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง bridge size ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€

65
00:06:05,740 --> 00:06:09,940
distance between lenses ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนุฏุณุชูŠู†.

66
00:06:13,070 --> 00:06:17,890
ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„ู€ bridge size ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ distance between lenses

67
00:06:17,890 --> 00:06:22,290
ู‡ูŠ ูˆูŠู† ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทุงุฑ ู†ูุณู‡ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ุนู„ู‰

68
00:06:22,290 --> 00:06:26,910
ุงู„ู€ temple ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ุฅุทุงุฑ. ูˆุงู„ุขู† ู‡ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุงุŒ ุฅู† ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู†

69
00:06:26,910 --> 00:06:32,850
ู…ูƒุชูˆุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุŒ ุจูŠุฏูŠูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠู‡ุง. ุดุงูŠููŠู†ุŸ

70
00:06:32,850 --> 00:06:41,060
ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ two lenses

71
00:06:41,060 --> 00:06:45,380
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชู…ุซู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ bridge size. ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

72
00:06:45,380 --> 00:06:49,920
ุงู„ู€ nasal ู„ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉุŒ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ nasal ู„ู€ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

73
00:06:49,920 --> 00:06:54,740
ุงู„ู€ nasal ู‡ู†ุง. ู‚ุฏ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉุŸ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู†. ู‚ุฑุฃู‡ุง

74
00:06:54,740 --> 00:06:58,580
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ measurement. okay. ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ

75
00:06:58,580 --> 00:07:03,280
ุนุดุฑูŠู†ุŒ ุฃู†ุชูˆ ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู„ุนุฏุณุฉ inside theุŒ mean the frame

76
00:07:03,280 --> 00:07:06,940
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ ู„ู‡ุง ุฌุฑูˆูุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุขุฎุฑุŒ ู„ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุฌูŠุจ

77
00:07:06,940 --> 00:07:10,800
ุงู„ุนุฏุณุฉุŒ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ู„ู‡ุง ุฌุฑูˆูุŒ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ bevel.

78
00:07:10,800 --> 00:07:15,120
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุนุฏุณุฉ. ูุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ู‚ุฏ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏ

79
00:07:15,120 --> 00:07:19,960
ู…ู„ูŠ. ูุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุจู‚ูŠุณุŒ ุจุทุฑุญ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู„ูŠุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ

80
00:07:19,960 --> 00:07:29,500
ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ู†ุต ู…ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงุŒ minus ู†ุต ูˆู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง minus ู†ุต. ู‡ู†ุฌุฏ

81
00:07:29,500 --> 00:07:36,320
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ ruler ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑุŒ ู‚ุฏ ุฅูŠุด ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉุŸ ุงุชู†ูŠู†

82
00:07:36,320 --> 00:07:39,920
ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู†. ุทุฑุญู†ุง ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ู†ุต ูˆู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ู†ุตุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†

83
00:07:39,920 --> 00:07:44,860
ูˆุงุญุฏ. ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ู‚ุฏ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ู…ู„ูŠ. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€

84
00:07:44,860 --> 00:07:49,040
bridge size. ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ู…ูƒุชูˆุจุฉ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ temple ุจุชุงุน

85
00:07:49,040 --> 00:07:54,470
ุงู„ุฅุทุงุฑ. ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู„ูŠุŒ ุงู„ู€

86
00:07:54,470 --> 00:08:06,850
bridge size ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ distance between lenses. okay. the

87
00:08:06,850 --> 00:08:12,630
distance between the two geometric centers of the

88
00:08:12,630 --> 00:08:18,010
lenses of the lenses is known as the geometric

89
00:08:18,010 --> 00:08:19,790
center distance.

90
00:08:22,370 --> 00:08:26,230
ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ู…ู†ุชุตู ุงู„ุนุฏุณุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ rightุŒ ูˆ

91
00:08:26,230 --> 00:08:30,610
ู…ู†ุชุตู ุงู„ุนุฏุณุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ leftุŒ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู…ุซู„

92
00:08:30,610 --> 00:08:35,690
ุงู„ู€ geometric center distance ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ frame BD ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€

93
00:08:35,690 --> 00:08:40,750
boxing ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ center distance. okay. It can be

94
00:08:40,750 --> 00:08:46,640
measured. It can be measured more easily as the

95
00:08:46,640 --> 00:08:51,040
distance from the far left side of one lens

96
00:08:51,040 --> 00:08:56,000
opening to the far right side of the other. ู…ู…ูƒู†

97
00:08:56,000 --> 00:09:00,980
ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุฅุทุงุฑ ุฃู…ุงู…ูŠุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู†ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ

98
00:09:00,980 --> 00:09:07,260
ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ู„ุญุฏ ุฏูŠุŒ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ู€ rim ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู„ู„ุนู†ุตุฑ

99
00:09:07,260 --> 00:09:09,620
ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุดูƒู„

100
00:09:12,920 --> 00:09:18,020
ู‡ุฐู‡. ู‡ู†ุฌูŠุจ ู…ุด ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ููŠู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุขุฎุฐู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ุงู„ู€ rim ู‡ุฐุง

101
00:09:18,020 --> 00:09:22,420
ู„ุญุฏ ุฏูŠุŒ ุงู„ู€ rim ู‡ุฐุง. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู…ุซู„ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

102
00:09:22,420 --> 00:09:26,100
ุงู„ู€ boxing center distance ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ geometric center

103
00:09:26,100 --> 00:09:30,060
distance. ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุฃู†ุง ู„ูˆ ู…ุง ุฃุฎุฐุชุด ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ center ู„ู€

104
00:09:30,060 --> 00:09:34,740
ุงู„ู€ center. okay. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุนุชุจุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุณู‡ู„ุŒ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ

105
00:09:34,740 --> 00:09:39,860
ุฃุณู‡ู„ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุฃู†ุง ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠุด ุนุฏุณุงุช ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ู…ุงููŠุด ุนุฏุณุฉ

106
00:09:39,860 --> 00:09:45,800
ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฅุทุงุฑุŒ ุจุฃุฎุฐ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ rim ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ ู„ู„ู€ rim ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠ

107
00:09:45,800 --> 00:09:51,040
ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ right ู„ู„ู€ left ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ left ู„ู„ู€ right. ู‡ู†ุทุจู‚

108
00:09:51,040 --> 00:09:59,740
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนู…ู„. Or

109
00:09:59,740 --> 00:10:06,180
adding the I size to the distance between lensesุŒ ุฃูˆ

110
00:10:06,180 --> 00:10:10,040
ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุถูŠู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆุŒ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ I size ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ

111
00:10:10,040 --> 00:10:16,400
ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ A dimension. ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู„ู‡ุง

112
00:10:16,400 --> 00:10:21,340
ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ู€ distance ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ between lenses ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ

113
00:10:21,340 --> 00:10:23,000
ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ frame BD.

114
00:10:25,540 --> 00:10:32,880
ุทูŠุจุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ geometric center distance ููŠู‡ ู…ุณู…ูŠุงุช

115
00:10:32,880 --> 00:10:37,800
ุฃุฎุฑู‰. ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ distance between lensesุŒ

116
00:10:37,800 --> 00:10:42,320
ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนุฏุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุฃูˆ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€

117
00:10:42,320 --> 00:10:47,760
frame BDุŒ ุฃูˆ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ frame center distance. ูƒู„

118
00:10:47,760 --> 00:10:51,640
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† another name ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู€ geometric center

119
00:10:51,640 --> 00:10:56,160
distance ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ boxing ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ center distance. Okay.

120
00:10:56,160 --> 00:11:01,720
The

121
00:11:01,720 --> 00:11:07,320
term frame PD is commonly used in dispensing. ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹

122
00:11:07,320 --> 00:11:12,000
ุงู„ู€ frame PDุŒ ุชุน ุงู„ุนุฏุณุฉุŒ ุฃูˆ ุชุน ุงู„ุฅุทุงุฑุŒ ุฅุญู†ุง ูˆูŠู†

123
00:11:12,000 --> 00:11:15,220
ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุŸ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู‚ุต ุงู„ู†ุถุงุฑุฉ.

124
00:11:28,100 --> 00:11:33,000
ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ุด ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ููŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ IBD ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถุŒ

125
00:11:33,000 --> 00:11:36,220
ู„ูƒู† ูˆู‚ุช ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… relationshipุŒ

126
00:11:36,220 --> 00:11:40,660
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุŒ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุŒ

127
00:11:42,270 --> 00:11:47,690
ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู€ IBD 62 ูˆุงู„ู€ frame PD 72ุŒ

128
00:11:47,690 --> 00:11:51,090
ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ู…ุง ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุนุดุงู† ู†ุนู…ู„ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุงู„ู€ DecentrationุŒ

129
00:11:51,090 --> 00:11:56,170
ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุŒ ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ ุฃูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู…ุง

130
00:11:56,170 --> 00:12:00,130
ุจูŠู† ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ู€ frame PD ูˆุงู„ู€ IBDุŒ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู†

131
00:12:00,130 --> 00:12:04,390
ู„ู„ุฅุทุงุฑุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ ููŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ IBD ุจุชุงุน

132
00:12:04,390 --> 00:12:04,790
ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ.

133
00:12:11,190 --> 00:12:16,230
ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠุช ู„ูƒู… ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

134
00:12:16,230 --> 00:12:19,490
ุงู„ู€ Geometric Center Distance ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Frame PDุŒ

135
00:12:19,490 --> 00:12:25,950
ุจุฃุฎุฐ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุฑู ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุทุฑู ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ FrameุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ

136
00:12:25,950 --> 00:12:32,550
ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ outside ู‡ู†ุง ู„ู„ู€ outside ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ุฃูˆ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€

137
00:12:32,550 --> 00:12:39,110
outside ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู„ู€ outside ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ุฅุทุงุฑ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑุŒ ุฃูˆ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ู…ู†

138
00:12:39,110 --> 00:12:42,330
ุงู„ู€ center ู„ู„ู€ centerุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ geometric

139
00:12:42,330 --> 00:12:46,730
center distance ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ frame PD ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ distance

140
00:12:46,730 --> 00:12:48,290
between centers.

141
00:12:53,180 --> 00:12:58,120
ุทูŠุจุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ู†ุชู‚ู„ ู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู€ temple ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ lengthุŒ

142
00:12:58,120 --> 00:13:04,980
ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ู€ temple ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ side. Most temples

143
00:13:04,980 --> 00:13:09,840
are currently marked with the total or overall

144
00:13:09,840 --> 00:13:16,860
temple length. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุดูŠุฑ ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุทูˆู„

145
00:13:16,860 --> 00:13:20,700
ุงู„ู€ side ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ templeุŒ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ temple lengthุŒ

146
00:13:21,760 --> 00:13:25,320
ุงู„ู€ total ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ temple length ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ overall

147
00:13:25,320 --> 00:13:31,480
temple ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ length. okayุŸ Temple length may be

148
00:13:31,480 --> 00:13:35,340
measured in one of the following ways. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู†

149
00:13:35,340 --> 00:13:40,800
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ูŠุงุณู‡ ุจุฅุญุฏู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุทุฑู‚. ูƒูŠูุŸ ุทูŠุจุŸ The

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overall temple length is the distance from the

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center

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of the center of the center barrel screw. ุดุงูŠููŠู†ุŸ ู‡ูŠ

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ู…ู†ุชุตู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ู€ screw ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ

154
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ุงู„ู€ bendุŒ ุงู„ู…ูŠู„ุงู† ุงู„ุฎุงุต ููŠ ุงู„ู€ temple. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ูƒู„

155
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ู‡ุฐูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชู…ุซู„ุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ overall temple ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

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length. ุฅุฐุง ู…ู† ู…ู†ุชุตู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ screw ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ

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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูŠู„ุงู†.

158
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ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉุŒ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ู…ูŠู„ุงู†ุŸ ุทูŠุจ. major along the center of

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the templeุŒ ุฃูˆ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ total length of

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templeุŒ ุฃูˆ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ู€ overall length of temple. ูƒุงู†

161
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ููŠู‡ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉุŒ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ older systemุŒ

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ุฃูˆ older ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ methodุŒ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ุจุชู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ูŠุงุณ

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ุงู„ู€ length to bendุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุฆู„ุฉุŒ

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ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ

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An oldโ€ฆ an older method of measuring temple

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length is in terms of the length to bend.

167
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lengthุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ temple bendุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ

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ุงู„ู…ูŠู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ุญุฏ ุฏูŠุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†

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ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ู€ length temple ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ bendุŒ temple bend.

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bend.

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ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒุงู†ุช ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ ู„ู‚ูŠุงุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ

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ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ุฏูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ. ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูƒุชูˆุจ

173
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทุงุฑ ุงู„ุขู† ูƒู„ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ temple length ูƒุงู…ู„ุŒ

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ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฑู‚ู… ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู†ุŒ ุฃูˆ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุซู„ุงุซูŠู†ุŒ

175
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ุฃูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ููŠูƒู… ู„ุงุจุณุฉ ู†ุถุงุฑุฉุŒ ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ุŒ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู€

176
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code ู…ูƒุชูˆุจ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆูƒุฐุงุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ total

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lengthุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ templeุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ุฃูˆ

178
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ุจูŠุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ screw ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ bendุŒ ุทุจุนุงู‹

179
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ููŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุณุทุฑุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงุณุŒ

180
00:16:48,6

223
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ุนู†ุฏู†ุง measuring the intra-pupillary distance ู‚ูŠุงุณ

224
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ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ

225
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ู„ู„ู…ุฑูŠุถุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ู€ IPDุŒ The anatomic PDุŒ or

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pupillary distance is the distance from the center

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of one pupil to the center of the other pupilุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ

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ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ู…ู†ุชุตู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุงู„ูŠู…ู†ู‰ ู„ู…ู†ุชุตู

229
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุงู„ูŠุณุฑู‰ุŒ ูƒูŠู ุจูŠู‚ุงุณ ุจุงู„ู€ millimetersุŸ

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before ordering

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a prescription glassesุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃูˆุตู

232
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุตูุฉ ุงู„ู†ุธุงุฑุฉุŒ or even before doing a visual

233
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examinationุŒ ุฃูˆ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูุญุต ุทุจูŠ

234
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ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‡ุงู† ุงู„ู€ visual examination ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„

235
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ุงู„ู€ trial frameุŒ ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ุŒ ุฃูˆ ู…ู†

236
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ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€phoropter

237
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ุฃูŠ visual examinationุŒ ุจูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ

238
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ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† objective ุฃูˆ subjective methodุŒ the

239
00:22:28,320 --> 00:22:32,680
distance between the pupils must be determined

240
00:22:32,680 --> 00:22:40,680
ู„ุงุฒู… ุฃู†ุง ุฃุญุฏุฏ ู‚ุฏ ุฅูŠุด ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู€ IPD ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถุŒ ุฅุฐุง

241
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ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ูŠุชู… ูˆุตู ุฃูŠ ู†ุธุงุฑุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุฑูŠุถุŒ ู„ุงุจุฏ

242
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ู…ู† ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู€ IPD ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ PD ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต

243
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it can be measured in a variety of waysุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุทุฑู‚

244
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ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ู‚ูŠุงุณ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู€ IPDุŒ ุฅู…ุง ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

245
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ุงู„ู…ุณุทุฑุฉุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฃูˆ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู€ autorefractor

246
00:23:13,270 --> 00:23:20,090
keratometerุŒ ุฃูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ... ู†ุนู…ุŸ ุฃูˆ

247
00:23:20,090 --> 00:23:23,890
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุจุงุจู„ูˆู…ูŠุชุฑุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

248
00:23:23,890 --> 00:23:26,570
ู‡ูˆ ู…ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ dispensingุŒ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠู…ุง ุจุนุฏ

249
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ุทูŠุจุŒ failure to accurately determine the intra-

250
00:23:36,400 --> 00:23:41,560
pupillary distanceุŒ ุฃู†ุง ู‚ุตุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ IPDุŒ ู„ูƒู† ูƒุงู† ุบูŠุฑ

251
00:23:41,560 --> 00:23:47,420
ุตุญูŠุญุŒ ุฃูˆ ูƒุงู† ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู€ IPD ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงู‚ุนูŠ ุฃูˆ ุบูŠุฑ

252
00:23:47,420 --> 00:23:54,060
ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠู†ุชุฌุŸ Misplacement of the

253
00:23:54,060 --> 00:23:58,460
optical center of the lensesุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ู…ู†

254
00:23:58,460 --> 00:24:04,370
ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ optical center of a lensุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุงู†

255
00:24:04,370 --> 00:24:09,450
ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุฅู† ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุด ููŠ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุชูˆุงุคู… ู…ุง ุจูŠู†

256
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ุงู„ู€ IPD ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ู€ patient ูˆุงู„ู€ frame PDุŒ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ูŠุตุจุญ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ

257
00:24:15,490 --> 00:24:19,330
ุนุฏู… ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุคูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ optical center of

258
00:24:19,330 --> 00:24:26,660
a lensุŒ ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ this inducesุŒ ุฃูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฅู†ู‡ this

259
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impactsุŒ ุฃูŠ ุจูŠุคุซุฑุŒ okayุŒ unwanted prismatic effect

260
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ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ requiring the

261
00:24:38,860 --> 00:24:45,760
wearer to turn his eyes inward or even outward to

262
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keep from experiencing double visionุŒ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ

263
00:24:51,640 --> 00:24:55,760
ุงู„ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑุŒ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ

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ุงู„ุฏุจู„ูˆุจูŠุงุŒ ุฃูŠ

265
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ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุคูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌุฉุŒ ุฃูˆ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุจุงู„ู€ double vision

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ุฅุฐุง ุนุฏู… ุงู„ุฏู‚ุฉ ููŠ ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู€ IPD ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€

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Prismatic EffectุŒ ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฏุจู„ูˆุจูŠุง

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ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ double visionุŒ over

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time this effort causes visual discomfortุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุน

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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุชุŒ ุจูŠุตุจุญ ุงู„ุฑุคูŠุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฑูŠุญุฉ ู…ุน ู…ุฑูˆุฑ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช

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and can result in a decreased ability of the eyes

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to work together in binocular visionุŒ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุจุชุตุจุญ

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ุงู„ุนูŠูˆู† ุบูŠุฑ ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

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ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ุฅู† ุงู„ุณุจุจ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุฏู… ุงู„ุชูˆุงูู‚ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€

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IPD ูˆุงู„ู€ frame PD ู„ู„ุดุฎุต

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ุฅุฐุง ุนุฏู… ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู€ two eyes

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distance IPDุŒ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง binocular PDุŒ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุฅุญู†ุง ุฅู…ุง

278
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ุจู†ูุญุต binocular ุฃูˆ monocular IPDุŒ ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุฅุญู†ุง ุงู„ู€

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binocularุŒ ุฏุงูŠู…ุงู‹ ุงู„ู€ binocularุŒ ู„ูŠู‡ ุจู†ุญุชุงุฌู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑุŸ

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ู„ู„ู€ distanceุŒ ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง binocular PD for

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distance correctionุŒ okayุŒ binocular

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PDุŒ the most common method used to measure the PD

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with the least amount of equipmentุŒ uses a simple

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millimeter rulerุŒ commonly referred to as a PD rule

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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฃุฏุงุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุฏุงุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู€

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IPD ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุณุทุฑุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ ruler ุงู„ู…ุณุทุฑุฉ

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ู‡ูŠ ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุนุฏู‘ุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุŒ ู„ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู€ IPD

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ู„ู„ุฃุดุฎุงุตุŒ ุทูŠุจ

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ูƒูŠู ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูŠูƒ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ methodุŒ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉุŸ number oneุŒ the

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dispenser should be positioned at a distance of 40

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cm from subjectุŒ ุฅุฐุง ู„ุงุฒู… ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูˆ

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ุงู„ูุงุญุต ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃุฎุตุงุฆูŠ ุชูƒูˆู† ู‚ุฏ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ุณู†ุชูŠู…ุชุฑุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡

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ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ both at the same vertical levelุŒ ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู†

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ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ู…ุด ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒุฑุณูŠ

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ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุนูƒุณุŒ ู„ุฃู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ู€ degree

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ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู… ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ IPD

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The PD rule is positioned across the subject's

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nose. It tilted back rests on the most recessed

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part of the noseุŒ ุฏุงูŠู…ุงู‹ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุชุนูˆุฏ ุฅุญู†ุง ูƒูุงุญุตูŠู†ุŒ ุฅู†ู…ุง

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ู†ุญุท ุงู„ู…ุณุทุฑุฉุŒ ู†ุญุทู‡ุง ููŠ ุฃุฑูŠุญ ู…ูƒุงู† ู„ู„ู…ุฑูŠุถุŒ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุฅู…ุง

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ุจู†ุญุทู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ nose partุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู€

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bridge areaุŒ ุจุณ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุฑูŠุญุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู…ู†ุŸ

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ู„ู„ู…ุฑูŠุถุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃู‡ู… ุดูŠุก ู†ุถู…ู†ู‡ุŒ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุชุนุงูˆู† ู…ุนู†ุงุŒ The

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dispenser closes the right eye and sides with the

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leftุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ูุงุญุตุŒ okayุŒ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุบู„ู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

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ุงู„ุนูŠู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ู€ rightุŒ ูˆูŠูุชุญ in sightุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ

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ูŠู†ุธุฑ ุจุงู„ุนูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูŠุณุฑู‰ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ู…ุด ู‡ูˆ ุฃู…ุงู…ูŠุŒ

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ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุบู„ู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุฃุทู„ุน ููŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠุณุฑู‰

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okayุŒ ุจุงู„ูŠุณุฑู‰

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ุนุดุงู† ุฃุนู…ู„ ุชู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ู„ู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุทุฑุฉ

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ุชูƒูˆู† ุตูุฑ ุงู„ู…ุณุทุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ score ุชุงุนู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุถุจุท

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ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ู€ center of ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ pupilุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‡ุฏู

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ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒุŒ The

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subject is instructed to look at the dispenser's

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open eye while the dispenser lines up the zero mark

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of the rule with the center of the subject's pupil

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ุงู„ุขู† ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃูุชุญ ุนูŠู†ูŠุŒ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุฃุญุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุตูุฑ

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ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุฌ ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ู…ุณุทุฑุฉุŒ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู…ูˆุงุฒู ู„ู„ู€ center ุจุชุงุน

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ุงู„ู€ pupil ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠ ุนูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถุŒ ุจูุชุญ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ูˆ

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ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆูŠู† ู‡ุฃุนู…ู„ู‡ุงุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ another eyeุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง

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ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ Zero Mark ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุดูƒู„ ุตุญูŠุญุŒ ูŠุบู„ู‚ ุงู„ุนูŠู†

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ุงู„ูŠุณุฑู‰ุŒ ูˆูŠูุชุญ ุงู„ุนูŠู†

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ุงู„ูŠู…ู†ู‰

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ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ center of ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ pupilุŒ ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

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ู‡ูˆ ูุชุญ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุซู… ุฃุบู„ู‚ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ

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ูุชุญ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุฃุบู„ู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ุŒ ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

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ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ rulerุŒ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ 60ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุฃุฏู‰

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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ู€ IPD ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ 60 ู…ู„ูŠ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุทุจุนุงู‹

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ุฃู‡ ุฃู‡ุŒ ุทุจุนุงู‹

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ุฒูŠ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ุฅู†ุช ู…ุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ูŠ retinoscopeุŒ ุงู„ุตุญ ุฅู†ูƒ ุชุนู…ู„ูŠ

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rightุŒ rightุŒ leftุŒ leftุŒ ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ a

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close of one eyeุŒ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุŸ ุทูŠุจุŒ ุงู„ู€ subject is

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instructed to look at the dispenser's open eye

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ุฏุงูŠู…ุงู‹ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฑุดุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠู†ุธุฑ ุจุนูŠู† ุงู„ูุงุญุต

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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉุŒ okayุŒ ู„ุฃู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฅู†ุช ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ูุญุตุŒ ู‡ูˆ

336
00:31:55,630 --> 00:31:59,910
ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุงู…ู„ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ deviationุŒ ุงู†ุญุฑุงูุŒ ุฃูˆ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุขุฎุฑ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุง

337
00:31:59,910 --> 00:32:04,690
ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุŒ ูู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ูุญุต ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง visual angle

338
00:32:04,690 --> 00:32:10,670
ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉุŒ ุงู„ู€ PD for the

339
00:32:10,670 --> 00:32:15,740
distanceุŒ a prescription is read ofุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

340
00:32:15,740 --> 00:32:22,060
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ PD ุจุชู‚ุฑุฃุŒ read ofุŒ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุชู‚ุฑุฃุŒ as that mark

341
00:32:22,060 --> 00:32:26,320
falling in the center of the subject's left pupil

342
00:32:26,320 --> 00:32:31,180
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ู‡ุชู‚ุฑุฃ ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุณุทุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุฑู ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ

343
00:32:31,180 --> 00:32:35,000
ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ center ู„ู„ู€ pupil ุงู„ุฎุงุต

344
00:32:35,000 --> 00:32:35,340
ุฉุจูŠู‡ุง

345
00:32:40,060 --> 00:32:46,080
The dispenser now closes the right eye and opens

346
00:32:46,080 --> 00:32:50,360
the leftุŒ ุทุจ ู„ูŠู‡ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนูƒุณ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุนูŠู†ูŠู†ุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏู‡

347
00:32:50,360 --> 00:32:54,280
ูŠุนู…ู„ alternativeุŒ ุชุจุงุฏู„ุŒ ุนุดุงู† ูŠู‚ุฑุฃ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉุŒ ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ

348
00:32:54,280 --> 00:32:59,540
ุจุงู„ุถุจุทุŒ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ู‡ุงู†ุŒ ุจุชุถุจุท ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูุฑุŒ ุจุฏูŠ

349
00:32:59,540 --> 00:33:03,100
ุฃุนู…ู„ ุฅุบู„ุงู‚ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนุดุงู† ูŠู‚ุฑุฃ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุจุงู„ุถุจุทุŒ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุขู†

350
00:33:03,100 --> 00:33:07,420
ุฅู†ุช ุงู„ู€ red reflexุŒ ุฅู†ู…ุง ุชูุชุญ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ hallุŒ ุฃูˆ

351
00:33:07,420 --> 00:33:11,060
ุงู„ู€ aperture ุชุงุน ุงู„ู€ written scope ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ุด ูˆุงุถุญุŒ ู„ูƒู†

352
00:33:11,060 --> 00:33:14,860
ุฃุนู…ู„ close of one eyeุŒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูˆุถูˆุญ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูƒุฑุคูŠุฉ

353
00:33:14,860 --> 00:33:16,780
ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ

354
00:33:20,280 --> 00:33:24,120
The subject is again instructed to look at the

355
00:33:24,120 --> 00:33:29,180
dispenser's open eye. Recheck. ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ูุชุญ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹

356
00:33:29,180 --> 00:33:34,440
ุงู„ูุงุญุต ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู†ุŒ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฑุดุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ

357
00:33:34,440 --> 00:33:37,540
ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุทู„ุน ุจุงู„ุนูŠู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉุŒ ู…ุง ูŠุทู„ุนุด

358
00:33:37,540 --> 00:33:41,140
ููŠ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุบู„ู‚ุฉุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุชู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

359
00:33:41,140 --> 00:33:44,480
ุงู„ูุญุต ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ูˆูŠูƒูˆู† accurate

360
00:33:48,690 --> 00:33:52,170
ุทูŠุจุŒ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุตุนุจุŒ ุฎุงุตุฉ ุนู†ุฏ

361
00:33:52,170 --> 00:33:57,410
ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุฏุงูŠู…ุงู‹ ุงู„ู€ attention ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†

362
00:33:57,410 --> 00:34:03,810
ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ููŠู‡ ุตุนุจุŒ ุทุจ ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ุŸ when difficulty is

363
00:34:03,810 --> 00:34:08,390
experienced in determining the exact center of the

364
00:34:08,390 --> 00:34:12,590
pupilุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุตุนุจ ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€

365
00:34:12,590 --> 00:34:18,790
pupilุŒ ุงู„ู€ center of a pupilุŒ ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู€ edgeุŒ ุทุฑู ุงู„ู€

366
00:34:18,790 --> 00:34:24,250
pupil ู„ู„ุนูŠู† ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุงู„ูŠุณุฑู‰ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงู„ู€ edge of the pupil

367
00:34:24,250 --> 00:34:30,350
may be used as a measuring point if both pupils

368
00:34:30,350 --> 00:34:31,890
are the same size

369
00:34:34,900 --> 00:34:39,780
ุงู„ุขู† ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุฅู† ู‡ู„ ุงู„ู€ pupil size ู„ู„ุนูŠู†ูŠู†

370
00:34:39,780 --> 00:34:44,220
ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจุนู…ู„ุŸ ุจุงุฌูŠ ู…ู†

371
00:34:44,220 --> 00:34:48,660
ุงู„ุทุฑู ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ ู„ู„ู€ pupilุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุจุญุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€

372
00:34:48,660 --> 00:34:55,870
marker ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู„ุญุฏูŠุช ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠ ู„ู„ุนูŠู† ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ

373
00:34:55,870 --> 00:34:59,510
ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ุฎู„ูŠูƒู… ุดูˆูŠุฉุŒ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุŒ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุชูƒุชุจูˆุงุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ูŠ

374
00:34:59,510 --> 00:35:04,530
ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ ู„ู„ุนูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ right ู„ู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ

375
00:35:04,530 --> 00:35:09,490
ู„ู„ุนูŠู† ุงู„ู€ leftุŒ ูู‡ุงู† ุจูŠุฏูŠู†ุง ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ู€ IPDุŒ ุจุณ ู‡ุงู† ุดุฑุท

376
00:35:09,490 --> 00:35:14,790
ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ู€ pupil size ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูุฑุถ ูˆุงุญุฏ

377
00:35:14,790 --> 00:35:19,910
ุนู†ุฏู‡ meiosis ููŠ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุงู„ู€ right eyeุŒ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠู†ูุน ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ

378
00:35:19,910 --> 00:35:24,190
ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุญุฌู… ุงู„ู€ pupil ููŠ ุงู„ู€ right ู…ุฎุชู„ู

379
00:35:24,190 --> 00:35:30,650
ุนู† ุญุฌู… ุงู„ู€ pupil ููŠ ุงู„ู€ leftุŒ ุฅุฐุง measurement is read

380
00:35:30,650 --> 00:35:34,950
from the left side of one pupil to the left side

381
00:35:34,950 --> 00:35:41,430
of the otherุŒ ุฃูˆ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ outward ู„ู„ู€ rightุŒ ู„ู€

382
00:35:41,430 --> 00:35:46,270
inward ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ู€ leftุŒ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู†

383
00:35:46,270 --> 00:35:52,290
ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุงุชุŒ measuring from the inside edge of one

384
00:35:52,290 --> 00:35:56,450
pupil to the inside edge of the other would give

385
00:35:56,450 --> 00:36:01,530
an artificially low readingุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃู‚ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

386
00:36:01,530 --> 00:36:06,190
ุฏู‚ุฉุŒ from the outside edge of one pupil to the

387
00:36:06,190 --> 00:36:09,910
outside edge of the otherุŒ an artificially high

388
00:36:09,910 --> 00:36:15,150
readingุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุจุนุถ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ู„ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ุจุณ

389
00:36:15,150 --> 00:36:19,270
ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ outward ู„ู„ู€ inward ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุซุฑุŒ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€

390
00:36:19,270 --> 00:36:23,470
high ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ readingุŒ ุฃูˆ high quality readingุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ

391
00:36:23,470 --> 00:36:28,070
ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ูˆู…ู†

392
00:36:28,070 --> 00:36:34,890
ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฏู‚ุฉุŒ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ outwardุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ู„ู€

393
00:36:34,890 --> 00:36:40,710
inward ููŠ another eyeุŒ ู‡ูŠุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ

394
00:36:40,710 --> 00:36:44,610
ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉุŒ ู‚ุฏ ุฅูŠุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุŸ 60ุŒ ู†ูุณ ู…ุง ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€

395
00:36:44,610 --> 00:36:48,330
center ู„ู„ู€ centerุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ outward ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡

396
00:36:48,330 --> 00:36:52,290
ุงู„ุตูุฑ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ outward ู„ู„ู€ right ู„ุญุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ inward

397
00:36:52,290 --> 00:36:59,070
ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ู€ leftุŒ ุจุณ ู‡ุงู† ุงู„ุดุฑุท ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญุฌู…ุŒ ุงู„ู€

398
00:36:59,070 --> 00:37:03,150
two pupils ู„ู„ู€ right ูˆู„ู„ู€ leftุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ููŠ

399
00:37:03,150 --> 0

445
00:41:16,050 --> 00:41:19,650
to be read accurately, then the technique is

446
00:41:19,650 --> 00:41:23,710
modified. ู„ุงุฒู… ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุฃูˆ ุชุจุฏูŠู„ ุฃูˆ

447
00:41:23,710 --> 00:41:27,970
ุชุนุฏูŠู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงุณ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุฏูŠู†ูŠ

448
00:41:27,970 --> 00:41:31,650
ุฃูŠ accurate result ู„ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู€ IPD.

449
00:41:36,100 --> 00:41:41,140
The dispenser places the good eye directly in

450
00:41:41,140 --> 00:41:46,400
front of the subject's right eye and at the normal

451
00:41:46,400 --> 00:41:53,120
distance. The zero mark is lined up as usual.

452
00:41:57,680 --> 00:42:01,740
ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนุชู…ุฏ ูƒุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

453
00:42:01,740 --> 00:42:06,000
examiner ุฃูˆ ูƒู€ dispenser ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€

454
00:42:06,000 --> 00:42:10,860
good ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ุช ูŠู…ูŠู†ุŒ ุฃุญุท ุงู„ู€ zero mark ุฃูˆ ุฃุญุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

455
00:42:10,860 --> 00:42:16,380
ุงู„ู€ another markุŒ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุฃูŠ ุนุฏู… ุฏู‚ุฉ ููŠ

456
00:42:16,380 --> 00:42:21,120
ุงู„ูุญุต ุจุฏูŠู†ูŠ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ

457
00:42:21,120 --> 00:42:22,800
ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุฅูŠุด ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ.

458
00:42:26,840 --> 00:42:31,860
The dispenser then moves sideways until the good

459
00:42:31,860 --> 00:42:35,840
eye is positioned in front of the subject's left

460
00:42:35,840 --> 00:42:40,300
eye and the measurement is read. ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ู…ุซู„ุงู‹

461
00:42:40,300 --> 00:42:44,880
ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ูุงุญุตูŠู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ right eye ุจุณ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ good. ุงู„ุขู† ุฃูˆู„

462
00:42:44,880 --> 00:42:50,040
ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุบุท ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ู€ left eyeุŒ ูˆุจูŠุดูˆู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€

463
00:42:50,040 --> 00:42:53,940
zero markุŒ ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจู†ุชู‚ู„ ู„ู„ุนูŠู† ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆู‡ูˆ ูุงุชุญ ู…ู†

464
00:42:53,940 --> 00:42:57,800
ุงู„ู€ good eye ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ right eyeุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุญุงูุธ ุนู„ู‰

465
00:42:57,800 --> 00:43:02,080
ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู€ right eye ููŠ ูƒู„ุง ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุชูŠู† ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ

466
00:43:02,080 --> 00:43:05,360
ู„ู„ู€ dispenser ุฃูˆ ุนููˆุงู‹ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€ patient.

467
00:43:08,510 --> 00:43:13,130
Unfortunately, this method can easily lead to

468
00:43:13,130 --> 00:43:18,630
parallax errors. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุน ุงู„ุฃุณู ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง

469
00:43:18,630 --> 00:43:23,290
ุงู„ูุญุต ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฎุทุฃ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุดูƒู„ ุณุฑูŠุนุŒ

470
00:43:23,290 --> 00:43:28,370
ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุฃูŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ููŠ ุงู„ู€ angle ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ visual angle

471
00:43:28,370 --> 00:43:31,790
ู‡ูŠุคุฏูŠ ู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ููŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ

472
00:43:31,790 --> 00:43:32,650
ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ.

473
00:43:35,440 --> 00:43:40,560
The most desirable solution for someone with this

474
00:43:40,560 --> 00:43:44,620
difficulty is to use another type of instrument

475
00:43:44,620 --> 00:43:48,640
that only requires the use of one eye. ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ

476
00:43:48,640 --> 00:43:52,260
ู…ุง ู‚ุฏุฑู†ุงุด ู†ุญู‚ู‚ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉุŒ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ

477
00:43:52,260 --> 00:43:56,660
ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ one eye ู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

478
00:43:56,660 --> 00:43:59,920
ูุญุต ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ู€ IPD ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€ patient.

479
00:44:02,790 --> 00:44:06,610
ูˆู†ู‚ู ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู„ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ subject is a

480
00:44:06,610 --> 00:44:11,070
strabismus ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ squint ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†

481
00:44:11,070 --> 00:44:14,750
ุนู†ุฏู‡ู….  ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ู„ู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡.