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1
00:00:21,050 --> 00:00:25,530
ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณู†ูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุฏุณุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ

2
00:00:25,530 --> 00:00:31,130
ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ

3
00:00:31,130 --> 00:00:34,990
ุงู„ุณู„ุงุณุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ูˆุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ

4
00:00:34,990 --> 00:00:38,010
ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ

5
00:00:38,010 --> 00:00:44,540
ูˆู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ู€ barter ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชู… ุฅุตู„ุงุญู‡

6
00:00:44,540 --> 00:00:57,800
ุจุฅุณุชุนู…ุงู„

7
00:00:57,800 --> 00:01:02,340
ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ู€ barter ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ู…ู‚ูŠุฏุฉูˆุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูƒุงู†ุช ููƒุฑุฉ

8
00:01:02,340 --> 00:01:08,920
ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุชู… ุฅุตู„ุงุญ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน

9
00:01:08,920 --> 00:01:14,360
ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ุณู†ูƒู…ู„ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ

10
00:01:14,360 --> 00:01:19,580
ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ูˆุณู†ุฑูƒุฒ

11
00:01:19,580 --> 00:01:26,260
ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฃููƒุงุฑ ุฃู‡ู…ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง

12
00:01:26,260 --> 00:01:33,040
ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู„ุฅุตู„ุงุญ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุญูƒู…

13
00:01:33,040 --> 00:01:39,740
ููŠ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ูˆูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุชุฎุทูŠุท ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ูˆู…ุตุงุฏุฑ

14
00:01:39,740 --> 00:01:43,140
ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ

15
00:01:43,140 --> 00:01:46,660
ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ุช ุฃูˆ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ุช

16
00:01:46,660 --> 00:01:50,500
ุซู„ุงุซ ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ู‡ุฐู‡

17
00:01:50,500 --> 00:01:56,260
ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆุงุชุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุงุญุชูŠุงุท ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงุญุชูŠุงุท ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠ

18
00:01:56,260 --> 00:01:59,680
ุงู„ุงุญุชูŠุงุท ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงุญุชูŠุงุท ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงุญุชูŠุงุท

19
00:01:59,680 --> 00:02:00,840
ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงุญุชูŠุงุท ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงุญุชูŠุงุท ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠ

20
00:02:00,840 --> 00:02:04,440
ุงู„ุงุญุชูŠุงุท

21
00:02:04,440 --> 00:02:04,940
ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงุญุชูŠุงุท ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงุญุชูŠุงุท ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠ

22
00:02:04,940 --> 00:02:06,220
ุงู„ุงุญุชูŠุงุท ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงุญุชูŠุงุท ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงุญุชูŠุงุท

23
00:02:06,220 --> 00:02:06,280
ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงุญุชูŠุงุท ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงุญุชูŠุงุท ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠ

24
00:02:06,280 --> 00:02:13,680
ุงู„ุงุญุชูŠุงุท ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงุญุชูŠุงุท

25
00:02:13,680 --> 00:02:21,800
ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงุญุชูŠุงุทู…ุซู„ู‹ุงุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ 100 ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ูˆ ูƒู†ุช

26
00:02:21,800 --> 00:02:27,380
ุชุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ุชุถุนู‡ ูƒุฏูุน ููŠ ุจู†ูƒ ุงู„ุจู„ุณุชูŠู†ูŠุŒ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉุŒ

27
00:02:27,380 --> 00:02:32,260
ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจู†ูƒ ุงู„ุจู„ุณุชูŠู†ูŠ ุจุฅุฎุชูŠุงุฑ ุฃูˆ ุชู‚ุทูŠุน ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†

28
00:02:32,260 --> 00:02:35,160
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ูˆ ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุฅุฎุชูŠุงุฑู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ.

29
00:02:37,560 --> 00:02:44,290
ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฏูุน ู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ูƒู€ Required Reserve.ุงู„ุฌุฒุก

30
00:02:44,290 --> 00:02:47,990
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ู‚ุตู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ู†ุญุทู‡ ููŠ ุณู„ุทุฉ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฏ

31
00:02:47,990 --> 00:02:53,490
ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู†ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ required reserve in order

32
00:02:53,490 --> 00:02:59,000
to protect the deposits for the depositorsุนุดุงู†

33
00:02:59,000 --> 00:03:03,280
ู†ุญู…ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ุฅูŠุฏุงุนุงุช ุฃูˆ ุงู„ูˆุฐุงุฆุน ุชุจุงุนุช ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

34
00:03:03,280 --> 00:03:06,560
ุจูŠุญุทูˆุง ู…ุตุงุฑูŠู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุจู†ูˆูƒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุทูŠุจุŒ so suppose

35
00:03:06,560 --> 00:03:09,940
that the required reserve ratio is the required

36
00:03:09,940 --> 00:03:15,440
reserve ratio ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ุงุญุชูŠุงุท ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠ equals twenty

37
00:03:15,440 --> 00:03:20,940
percent this means that the Bank of Palestine must

38
00:03:20,940 --> 00:03:25,040
deduct twenty percent out of this deposit this is

39
00:03:25,040 --> 00:03:25,560
a deposit

40
00:03:28,220 --> 00:03:34,020
ู‡ูŠ ุชุณู…ู‰ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ 100 ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉุŒ ูŠุฌุจ

41
00:03:34,020 --> 00:03:38,880
ุฃู† ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุงู„ุจู†ูƒ ุจุงู„ูู„ุณุทูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฃูˆ ุชู‚ุทูŠุน 20% ู…ู†

42
00:03:38,880 --> 00:03:43,480
100 ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ

43
00:03:43,480 --> 00:03:48,520
ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจู„ุณุทูŠู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉุŒ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ

44
00:03:48,520 --> 00:03:53,560
ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ

45
00:03:53,560 --> 00:03:54,900
ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ

46
00:03:59,390 --> 00:04:03,790
ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ

47
00:04:03,790 --> 00:04:11,070
ูƒู… ู‡ูŠ ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ 20% ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ

48
00:04:11,070 --> 00:04:11,770
ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ

49
00:04:11,770 --> 00:04:12,730
ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ

50
00:04:12,730 --> 00:04:12,750
ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ

51
00:04:12,750 --> 00:04:15,150
ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ

52
00:04:15,150 --> 00:04:16,910
ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ

53
00:04:16,910 --> 00:04:22,250
ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…equals

54
00:04:22,250 --> 00:04:26,690
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงุญุชูŠุงุท ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ูŠู„ุญู‚ ููŠ ุณู„ุทุฉ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฏ

55
00:04:26,690 --> 00:04:30,190
equals twenty dollars in this case we have x's

56
00:04:30,190 --> 00:04:34,050
reserve by how much eighty dollars ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญุชูŠุงุท

57
00:04:34,050 --> 00:04:37,810
ุงู„ูู‚ู‡ ุฏู‡ ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุชุตุฑู ููŠู‡ ุตุญุŸ so in this case the

58
00:04:37,810 --> 00:04:46,310
x's reserve reserves equals the actual reserve

59
00:04:46,310 --> 00:04:52,200
minus the required reserveุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ

60
00:04:52,200 --> 00:04:55,880
ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ

61
00:04:55,880 --> 00:04:57,280
ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ

62
00:04:57,280 --> 00:04:57,860
ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ

63
00:04:57,860 --> 00:04:57,920
ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ

64
00:04:57,920 --> 00:04:58,780
ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ

65
00:04:58,780 --> 00:05:01,900
ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ

66
00:05:01,900 --> 00:05:03,380
ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ

67
00:05:03,380 --> 00:05:12,200
ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ

68
00:05:12,200 --> 00:05:18,060
ุงู„ู…ุฌ

69
00:05:20,490 --> 00:05:25,810
ู‡ูˆ ู„ุง ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ูŠุฏูุน ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ูƒุงู… ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู†

70
00:05:25,810 --> 00:05:33,350
ูŠุฏูุน 20% ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌุงุฑ ูˆุงู†ุชุฌุงุฑู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู†ูƒ ุฃูˆ

71
00:05:33,350 --> 00:05:37,050
ุงู„ุจู†ูƒ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ

72
00:05:37,050 --> 00:05:39,670
ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจู„ุณุงู†ูŠุฉ ูƒู…ุง ุชุนุฑู ููŠ ุจู„ุณุทูŠู†

73
00:05:44,000 --> 00:05:49,000
ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ุฃูˆ ุซู„ุงุซ ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ

74
00:05:49,000 --> 00:05:51,060
ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ูˆุธูŠูุฉ

75
00:05:51,060 --> 00:05:54,280
ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู„ุชุญูƒู…

76
00:05:54,280 --> 00:05:54,540
ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู„ุชุญูƒู… ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุฉ

77
00:05:54,540 --> 00:05:58,040
ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู„ุชุญูƒู… ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู„ุชุญูƒู… ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ

78
00:05:58,040 --> 00:06:01,860
ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู„ุชุญูƒู…

79
00:06:01,860 --> 00:06:02,080
ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู„ุชุญูƒู… ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ

80
00:06:02,080 --> 00:06:08,200
ู„ุชุญูƒู… ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู„ุชุญูƒู… ู…ุตุงุฏ

81
00:06:09,210 --> 00:06:19,470
ุฅู† ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุทู„ุจุฉ ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ู…ู† 20% ุฅู„ู‰ 40% ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ

82
00:06:19,470 --> 00:06:25,130
ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ ูŠุชู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุทู„ุจุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุจู†ูƒ ุฃู†

83
00:06:25,130 --> 00:06:31,770
ุชุฏูุนู‡ุง ู„ู„ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑ ุงูˆ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ูููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉุŒ

84
00:06:31,770 --> 00:06:37,450
ุณุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ุฃูˆ ุชุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูŠุฉุŸ ุจุงู„ุถุจุทุŒ ุณุชุชู‚ู„

85
00:06:37,450 --> 00:06:41,290
ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูŠุฉุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุง ุตุงุฑ

86
00:06:41,290 --> 00:06:43,810
ุงู„ุจู†ูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุฑุถู‡ ู…ู† ุจู†ูƒ ูู„ุณุทูŠู† ู„ู„ู†ุงุณ

87
00:06:43,810 --> 00:06:46,930
ุฌู„ูˆุฉ ุจุชุงู„ุณ ุงู„ money supply would decline ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง

88
00:06:46,930 --> 00:06:51,090
ู„ุฃุŸ so we have an inverse relationship between the

89
00:06:51,090 --> 00:06:53,850
required reserve ratio and money supply ุตุญุŸ

90
00:06:53,850 --> 00:06:59,810
exactly ู‡ู„ุฃ ุดูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุŸ ุงู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ ุฑุงุญ ุงู„ุจู†ูƒ ุงูˆ ุงู„

91
00:06:59,810 --> 00:07:02,190
central bank ุงูˆ ุงู„ federal reserve system ุฌุงู„ูƒ ุงู†ู‡

92
00:07:02,190 --> 00:07:05,470
ุงู†ุง required reserve ratio ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ 20 ุจู†ู‚ุต 40

93
00:07:05,470 --> 00:07:09,310
ูˆู†ุฎู„ูŠู‡ู… ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ central bankุนู…ู„ูŠุง ุจูŠุจุทู„ ุงู„ุจู†ูˆูƒ ู…ุนุงู‡

94
00:07:09,310 --> 00:07:11,830
ู…ุตุงุฑู‰ ุฃูˆ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ูˆุซุงุฆุน ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุจู†ูˆูƒ ุงู„ู„ู‰

95
00:07:11,830 --> 00:07:14,210
ุจุชุชุตุฑู ููŠู‡ุง ุจุชู‚ู„ ูˆ ุจุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ money supply with whatุŸ

96
00:07:14,210 --> 00:07:18,070
with decline rightุŸ so there is an inverse

97
00:07:18,070 --> 00:07:21,370
relationship between the required reserve ratio

98
00:07:21,370 --> 00:07:26,690
and the money supplyู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ

99
00:07:26,690 --> 00:07:30,690
ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุนูƒุณูŠุฉ ุจูŠู†

100
00:07:30,690 --> 00:07:32,370
ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ูˆุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญุชุงุฌุฉ ู„ู‡ุง ูˆู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงู„

101
00:07:32,370 --> 00:07:33,610
ุงู„ู…ุญุชุงุฌุฉ ู„ู‡ุง ูˆู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุญุชุงุฌุฉ ู„ู‡ุง ูˆู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ

102
00:07:33,610 --> 00:07:36,310
ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุญุชุงุฌุฉ ู„ู‡ุง ูˆู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุญุชุงุฌุฉ ู„ู‡ุง

103
00:07:36,310 --> 00:07:39,030
ูˆู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุญุชุงุฌุฉ ู„ู‡ุง ูˆู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุญุชุงุฌุฉ

104
00:07:39,030 --> 00:07:40,550
ู„ู‡ุง ูˆู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุญุชุงุฌุฉ ู„ู‡ุง ูˆู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงู„

105
00:07:40,550 --> 00:07:40,870
ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุญุชุงุฌุฉ ู„ู‡ุง ูˆู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุญุชุงุฌุฉ ู„ู‡ุง

106
00:07:40,870 --> 00:07:48,750
ูˆู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุญุชุงุฌุฉ ู„ู‡ุง ูˆู…ู‚ุงุงู„ู…ุฏูุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

107
00:07:48,750 --> 00:07:50,790
ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ

108
00:07:50,790 --> 00:07:58,690
ู‡ูˆ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงู„ุฏูุน ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงู„ุฏูุน ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงู„ุฏูุน ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงู„ุฏูุน

109
00:07:58,690 --> 00:08:04,530
ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงู„ุฏูุน ุงุชูุงู‚

110
00:08:04,530 --> 00:08:10,550
ุงู„ุฏูุน

111
00:08:10,550 --> 00:08:16,830
ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงู„ุฏูุน

112
00:08:16,870 --> 00:08:24,690
ุงู„ุฏุณูƒุงูˆุช ุฑูŠุช ุฏุณูƒุงูˆุช ุฑูŠุช

113
00:08:24,690 --> 00:08:30,190
ุฏุณูƒุงูˆุช ุฑูŠุช ุฏุณูƒุงูˆุช ุฑูŠุช ุฏุณูƒุงูˆุช ุฑูŠุช ุฏุณูƒุงูˆุช ุฑูŠุช ุฏุณูƒุงูˆุช

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ุฏุณูƒุงูˆุช ุฑูŠุช ุฏุณูƒุงูˆุช ุฑูŠุช ุฏุณูƒุงูˆุช ุฑูŠุช ุฏุณูƒุงูˆุช ุฑูŠุช ุฏุณูƒุงูˆุช

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ุฑูŠุช ุฏุณูƒุงูˆุช ุฑูŠุช ุฏุณูƒุงูˆุช ุฑูŠุช ุฏุณูƒุงูˆุช ุฑูŠุช ุฏุณูƒุงูˆุช ุฑูŠุช

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ุฏุณูƒุงูˆุช ุฑูŠุช ุฏุณูƒุงูˆุช ุฑูŠุช ุฏุณูƒุงูˆุช ุฑูˆุงู†ุช ุชุฑุบุจ ุงู† ุชุชุฎู„ุต

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ู…ู† ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงูˆ ุชุฃุฎุฐ ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุตุฑูุฉ ุงู†ุช ูŠุฌุจ ุงู†

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ุชุฏูุน ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู…ูƒ ูƒู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงุฐุง ุฐู‡ุจุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุตุฑูุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ

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ู„ุชุฏูุน ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ุชุฏูุน ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู…ูƒ ุงู†ุช

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ุชุฏูุน ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู…ูƒ ุงู†ุช ุชุฏูุน ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู…ูƒ ุงู†ุช ุฏูุน ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู…ูƒ ุงู†ุช

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ุฏูุน ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู…ูƒ ุงู†ุช ุฏูุน ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู…ูƒ ุงู†ุช ุฏูุน ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู…ูƒ ุงู†ุช

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ุฏูุน ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู…ูƒ ุงู†ุช ุฏูุน ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู…ูƒ ุงู†ุช ุฏูุน ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู…ูƒ ุงู†ุช

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ุฏูุน ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู…

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ุฃูˆ ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุฅูู„ุงุณ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุฃูˆ

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ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ู…ู† ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡

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ุงู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ู„ุฅุณุชุบู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

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ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ุจู†ูƒ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ูŠุฑูˆุญ ูŠู‚ุชุฑุถ ู…ู† ู…ู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุณู„ุทุฉ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฏ

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ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู†ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒูŠThey have to pay a discount

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it's called or the cost of borrowing ุชูƒู„ูุฉ

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ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุฑุงุถ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู†ูƒ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠ from the central

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bank is called the discount rate ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู… ุจูŠุฏูุนูˆุง

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interest ูƒู…ุงู† ุตุญ ุงู„ central bank ุจุงุนุชุฑุด ุงู„ูู„ูˆุณ ู‡ูŠูƒ

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so we have what a discount rate the cost of

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borrowing for the commercial banks from the

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central bank or the federal reserve system is

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called the discount rate ุณุนุฑ ุฎุตู… ุชู…ุงู… so suppose

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thatุฃูˆ ุณุคุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุงู‡ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู† ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ุชุณูƒูŠุจ ูˆุงู„ู…ุงู„

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ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุŸ ุฅุฐุง ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ุชุณูƒูŠุจ ุฃุฒุฏุงุฏ

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ุชุณูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุณุจูˆุฒ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ุจู†ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒูŠ

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ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏู„ ุจุฏุฃ ุฃุฎุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุญุจุงุช ุจุนุชูƒ

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ูƒุจู†ูƒ ุชุฌุงุฑูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุจุฏุฃ ุฃุฎุฏ ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ุฃุฎุฏ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ

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ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฎุฏ ุณุจุนูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆ ุจูŠุจุทู„ูˆุง .. ุจูŠุจุทู„ูˆุง

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ุงู„ุจู†ูˆูƒ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ ุชู‚ุชุฑุถ ู…ู†ู‡ู…ุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ูˆ ุงุจุชุฏุงู„

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ุงู„ money supply ู‡ูˆ whatุŸ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ declineุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูˆู„ุง

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ู„ุฃุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ money supply ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ

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ููŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ commercial banksุŒ ุตุญ ุดุจุงุจุŸ So, there

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is an inverse relationship between the discount

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rate and money supply, yes

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ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฐูƒุฑุชู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌุงุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช

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ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠุฉุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ

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ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠุฉ ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ูˆ ุฐู‡ุจุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ

152
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ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠุฉ ู„ุชู„ู‚ู‰ ุฏูุนุฉู‡ูˆ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠุฏูุน ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ู…ุง ูŠุฏูุน

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ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุจู€ Discount Rate ุงุนุชุจุฑ ุงู†

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ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู‚ุฑุฑุช ุงู† ุชุฒูŠุฏ ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ุงู„ู€Discount

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Rate ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู‡ู… ุงู† ุณุนุฑ ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุฑุงุถ ุนุงู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠุด ุงุฎู„ูŠู‡ 20%

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ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฎู„ูŠู‡ 60% ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฎู„ูŠู‡ 50% ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ุงุฐุง

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ุณูŠุญุฏุซุŸ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุชูˆูุฑ ููŠ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช

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ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠุฉ ู„ุชุญูุฒู‡ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ุงุฐุง ุณูŠุญุฏุซุŸ

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ุณุชุชุฎู„ุต. ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุจุงู„ุนุงู… ุณุชุชุฎู„ุต

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ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉุŒ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ุจูŠู† ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ

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ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ

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ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ

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ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ

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ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุชุจุนุชู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุชุจุนุชู†ุง ููŠ ุงู†ูุฑุณ

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relationship between record ratio and money supply

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as well as ุงู†ูุฑุณ relationship between the discount

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rate and money supply what about the last point

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which is or the last tool that the central bank

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can use or uses in order to control the money

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supply the last point isุงู„ุนู…ู„ุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุณูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ

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ููŠ ุงู„ุณูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ

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ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุณูˆู‚

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ุงู„ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ

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of bonds ุนุงุฏูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ู‡ suppose that ุงู„ central bank

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would like to increase the money supply ุจูŠุดุชุฑ

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ูˆุฑู‚ ูˆ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู‡ู… ู…ุตุงุฑูŠุจูŠุดุชุฑูŠ securities ูˆ bonds ูˆ ู‡ูŠูƒ

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ูˆ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู‡ู… ู…ุตุงุฑู‰ุŒ so in this case if the central

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00:13:25,190 --> 00:13:28,910
bank would like to increase the money supply ุจูŠุฒูˆุฏ

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ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฑู‰ ููŠ ุฏู†ูŠุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู…ุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŒ ุจูŠุดุชุฑูŠ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ูˆุฑู‚

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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ุนุงู‡ู…ุŒ so in this case it can purchase

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or buySecurities or bonds and so on ุตุญุŸ and if you

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.. if the banks or the central bank would like to

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decrease the money supply ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุณุญุจ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฑ ู…ู† ุฏูŠู†

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ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฅูŠุด ุจุจูŠุนู‡ู…ุŸ ุจุนุทูŠู‡ู… ูˆุฑู‚ ูˆ ุจุงุฎุฏ ู…ุณุงุฑูŠ so in

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this case it can what? sell securities or bonds

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treasure bonds and notes ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุตุนุจุŸ ุจุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุจูŠุนู‡ู…

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ูˆุฑู‚ ูˆ ุจุงุฎุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ูู„ูˆุณ ูˆ ุจุชุงุน ู„ูŠู‡ in this case the

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money supply would decline rightุŸุงู„ุงู† ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุฐู‡ุจ

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ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฌุงู„ุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุฌุงู„ุงุช ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ

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ูˆุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุทู„ุจุฉ ูˆู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ุงู„

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ุงู„ู…ุณุชุนู…ุฑ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูƒู…ุง ุชุฑู‰ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ

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means the total reserves are what the deposit that

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the bank has at the federal reserve a reserve bank

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plus it cashed on hand the required reserve ratio

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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ุงุญุชูŠุงุท ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠ what is it is

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the percentage of its total deposits that the

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banks must keep as a reserves at the federal

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reserve system ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆุถุญู†ุงู‡ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุทูŠุจ

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ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชูˆูุฑุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงูˆ ุงู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู‚ู„

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ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชูˆูุฑุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชูˆูุฑุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู‚ู„

201
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ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชูˆูุฑุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุงุช

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ุงู„ู…ุชูˆูุฑุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู‚ู„

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ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชูˆูุฑุฉุทูŠุจ .. ุงุนุชุจุฑ .. ู„ู†ุฐู‡ุจ

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ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… .. ูƒู…ุง ุชุฑู‰ .. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช

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ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู‡ูŠ 20 ุดุฎุต .. ูุงู„ุจู†ูƒ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ

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ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ 80 ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑู…ุน 80 ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ุงูƒุชุดู ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ 100

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ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ุงูƒุชุดู ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ 100 ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ุงูƒุชุดู ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ 100

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ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ุงูƒุชุดู ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ 100 ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ุงูƒุชุดู ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ 100

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ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ุงูƒุชุดู ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ 100 ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ุงูƒุชุดู ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ 100

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ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ุงูƒุชุดู ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ 100 ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ุงูƒุชุดู

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ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ 100 ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ุงูƒุชุดู ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ 100 ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ุงูƒุชุดู

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ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ 100 ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ุงูƒุชุดู ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ 100 ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ุงูƒุชุดู

213
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ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ 100 ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ุงูƒุชุดู ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ 100 ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ุงูƒุชุดู

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ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ 100 ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ุงูƒุชุดู ู…ู‚ุงequals twenty person

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times five hundred ูƒุฏู‡ ุงู†ุฏูŠ reserves one hundred

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ู‡ุฐุง required reserve ูƒู„ู‡ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูˆููŠ ุงู†ุฏูŠ loans ูƒุฏู‡

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ุงุด ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงุนู…ู„ four hundred ุฎู„ูŠ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุดูŠ

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ุงูˆุถุญ ุงุฏุญู†

219
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ุฑุฌุนู„ู‡ ู‡ุงู„ gate

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ู„ุฃ ูƒู„ู‡ ุฑุฌุงู„ ู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู†ูุณูŠ Now

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suppose that we have the following example The

222
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first charter bank has assets and liabilities

223
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ุงู„ู„ูŠุงุจูŠุชูŠุฒ .. ู†ุญู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุฏูŠุจูˆุฒูŠุช ู†ุช ูˆูˆุฑุซ ูˆ

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ุงู„ู„ูŠุงุจูŠุชูŠุฒ ุนุงู…ุฉ .. ู„ุฐุง ูƒู…ุง ุชุฑู‰ ุฏูŠุจูˆุฒูŠุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู…ุŸ

225
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800ุŒ ุตุญูŠุญุŸ ู†ุช ูˆูˆุฑุซ ูŠุนู†ูŠ 400ุŒ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุชุตุฑูุŒ

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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุด ูŠุชุตุฑู ููŠู‡ู… ุงู„ุจู†ูƒุŒ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุดูˆูุŒ ู„ู†ุฐู‡ุจ

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ู„ู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ุงุชุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ

228
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ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ

229
00:17:51,730 --> 00:17:55,410
ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ

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ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ

231
00:17:59,010 --> 00:17:59,030
ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ

232
00:17:59,030 --> 00:17:59,790
ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ

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00:17:59,790 --> 00:18:03,170
ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ

234
00:18:03,170 --> 00:18:03,470
ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ

235
00:18:03,470 --> 00:18:05,330
ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ

236
00:18:05,330 --> 00:18:07,090
ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ

237
00:18:07,090 --> 00:18:12,910
ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณ

238
00:18:14,610 --> 00:18:19,370
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุง suppose ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ deposit equal ูƒุฏู‡ุดุŸ 800 ูˆ

239
00:18:19,370 --> 00:18:23,870
ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ required reserve ratio ูƒุฏู‡ุดุŸ 25% ูƒุฏู‡ุด ุจูŠูƒูˆู†

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ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ reservesุŸ 865% exactly so the reserves

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in this

242
00:18:34,690 --> 00:18:36,750
case the reserves equals

243
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equals deposit times the required reserve ratio

244
00:18:51,240 --> 00:18:55,580
ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง when x is reserved ุจูŠุณุงูˆู‰ ุตูุฑ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„

245
00:18:55,580 --> 00:18:58,240
ู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุงููŠุด ุนู†ุฏ x is reserves ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ reserves

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00:18:58,240 --> 00:19:00,700
ูƒู„ู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ required reserve ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุฑุฌุน

247
00:19:00,700 --> 00:19:03,680
ู„ู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุดูˆ ุดุจุงุจุŸ

248
00:19:06,330 --> 00:19:10,710
ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ูˆ ุงู†ู‡ ุงูŠุด ุงู†ู‡ if the first chartered

249
00:19:10,710 --> 00:19:14,070
bank is meeting its reserves requirements and has

250
00:19:14,070 --> 00:19:17,590
no excess reserves ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠุด ุงู†ุฏูŠ excess

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00:19:17,590 --> 00:19:20,790
reserves ูŠุนู†ูŠ excess reserves equals ู‚ุฏุงุด Zero

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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ reserves ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู† ุงู„ reserves ูƒู„ู‡

253
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ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุณูˆูŠ ู„ุฃ ู„ุงุจุฏ ุงุฑุฌุน ู„ู„ law ุทุจุนุง ู„ู„ formula

254
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reserves ูƒู„ู‡ total reserves ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู…ุง ุจุญูƒูŠ ููŠ

255
00:19:30,710 --> 00:19:36,160
reserves ุจุญูƒูŠ ููŠ total reserves equalsุงู„ู€ Required

256
00:19:36,160 --> 00:19:39,280
Reserves plus ุงู„ Excess Reserves

257
00:19:47,090 --> 00:19:51,470
X's ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ if the X's reserves equals 0

258
00:19:51,470 --> 00:19:54,190
ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ total reserves ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„

259
00:19:54,190 --> 00:19:57,710
reserves ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ quadreserves ุตุญุŸ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„

260
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ู‡ูŠูƒ so let's come back to the question ู„ู…ุง ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง

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00:20:01,290 --> 00:20:05,410
that quadreserve ratio is 25% ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ X's

262
00:20:05,410 --> 00:20:10,150
reserves ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูุฑ ู‚ุฏุงุด ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ the question is

263
00:20:10,150 --> 00:20:15,810
its reserves ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู…ู„ูŠุง reserves ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ุฏุงุด

264
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ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠit equals deposits times times required

265
00:20:21,270 --> 00:20:25,370
reserve ratio ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ reserves ู‡ูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ required

266
00:20:25,370 --> 00:20:30,430
reserves ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุตูุฑ ุตุญุŸ so it

267
00:20:30,430 --> 00:20:37,710
equals eight hundred dollars times zero point

268
00:20:37,710 --> 00:20:40,670
twenty five ูƒุฏู‡ุด ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ุŸ

269
00:20:43,260 --> 00:20:46,760
So in this case the reserves equals 200 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„

270
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exercise ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงูŠ ู‡ุชูˆุถุญ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูˆุถุญ ุจุณ ู„ุฅู†ู‡

271
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ู‡ุฐุง the first example ุทุจ ุงู„ loans ู‚ุฏุด ุจูŠุฎุทุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ

272
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ุงู„ total ุงู„ total ู„ุงุฒู… ุงู„ liabilities equals

273
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assets ู„ุงุฒู… ุงู„ assets ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ liabilities

274
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ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ total must equal 1200 ุฅุฐุง ู‚ุฏุด ููŠู‡ in

275
00:21:07,920 --> 00:21:11,160
the loans ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุนุทูŠู‡ุŸ 1000

276
00:21:14,100 --> 00:21:21,220
ุตุญุŸ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุทูŠุจ so the question is how much is the

277
00:21:21,220 --> 00:21:27,820
reserve? 200 ูˆ ุงู„ total assets equals one hundred

278
00:21:27,820 --> 00:21:29,000
.. ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ

279
00:21:31,360 --> 00:21:35,720
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ its loans equals how much

280
00:21:35,720 --> 00:21:40,400
one thousand ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ total assets one

281
00:21:40,400 --> 00:21:43,460
thousand two hundred ุทุจ let's go to this example

282
00:21:43,460 --> 00:21:49,480
the

283
00:21:49,480 --> 00:21:53,740
first commercial bank has the following assets and

284
00:21:53,740 --> 00:21:56,580
liabilities right the information about the

285
00:21:56,580 --> 00:22:02,270
liabilities are givenThe total assets equals the

286
00:22:02,270 --> 00:22:07,630
total liabilities, rightุŸ ุทูŠุจ As

287
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you see, the total reserves equals how muchุŸ

288
00:22:10,930 --> 00:22:15,550
800000$ุŒ ุตุญุŸ ูƒุฏู‡ุด ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง required reserveุŸ 200

289
00:22:15,550 --> 00:22:24,030
ูƒุฏู‡ุด ุงู„ excess reserveุŸ ExactlyุŒ ู…ุชู…ู…ุชู‡ุง 600000$ุŒ

290
00:22:24,030 --> 00:22:31,180
ุตุญุŸ ูƒุฏู‡ุด ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ loansุŒ ุฅุฐู†ุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ2 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ูˆ ู†ุต 2

291
00:22:31,180 --> 00:22:37,600
.5 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† minus ุงู„ reserves ุตุญุด ุจู‚ู‰ุŸ ุฃุซุจุช ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ

292
00:22:37,600 --> 00:22:42,860
ู…ูŠู† ู…ุด ูุงู‡ู… ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ total assets ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠุด ุงู„

293
00:22:42,860 --> 00:22:48,060
reserves plus ุงู„ loans ุตุญุŸ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ total ุฃูˆ ุงู„

294
00:22:48,060 --> 00:22:51,180
loans ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 2 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ูˆ ู†ุต ู†ุงู‚ุต 800 ุฃู„ู ุฌุฏุด ุจูŠูƒูˆู†

295
00:22:51,180 --> 00:23:04,670
ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ูˆ ุณุจุนู…ูŠุฉ ุฃู„ู 1.7 ุฎู„ุงุต ู…ู„ูŠูˆู†ุฃูˆ ู‡ุฐุง

296
00:23:04,670 --> 00:23:10,390
ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุทูŠุจุŒ ูุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ูˆ ุชูุถู„ ู„ู„ุฃุณูู„ุŒ ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹ุŒ

297
00:23:10,390 --> 00:23:17,510
ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ X ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ X ู‡ูˆ ูƒู…ุŸ ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ูˆุฑู‚ู…

298
00:23:17,510 --> 00:23:21,650
ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ

299
00:23:21,650 --> 00:23:22,430
ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ

300
00:23:22,430 --> 00:23:24,870
ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ

301
00:23:24,870 --> 00:23:25,970
ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ

302
00:23:25,970 --> 00:23:28,930
ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ู…SoุŒ ูƒุฏู‡ุด ุงู„ู€ Required

303
00:23:28,930 --> 00:23:36,810
Reserve RatioุŸ Required Reserve Ratio equals

304
00:23:36,810 --> 00:23:41,570
Required

305
00:23:41,570 --> 00:23:48,070
Reserves over Deposits ุทุจุนุง

306
00:23:48,070 --> 00:23:48,830
ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ููŠ 100%

307
00:23:54,120 --> 00:23:58,520
ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุนูˆุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ูƒู…ุง

308
00:23:58,520 --> 00:24:01,520
ุชุฑู‰ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ

309
00:24:01,520 --> 00:24:05,660
ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ

310
00:24:05,660 --> 00:24:05,780
ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ

311
00:24:05,780 --> 00:24:08,060
ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ

312
00:24:08,060 --> 00:24:09,640
ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ

313
00:24:09,640 --> 00:24:13,800
ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ

314
00:24:13,800 --> 00:24:19,860
ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ

315
00:24:19,860 --> 00:24:21,500
ุงู„ู…ุทู„

316
00:24:23,980 --> 00:24:29,000
x100 ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ that's it

317
00:24:29,000 --> 00:24:36,180
ุชู…ุงู… okay ู…ูŠู†

318
00:24:36,180 --> 00:24:41,360
ู…ุด ูุงู‡ู… ุทูŠุจ ุงุนูŠุฏ ู„ูˆู† ุงู‡ ุดุจุงุจ ุญุจุงุจูŠ ู…ูŠู† ุงุนูŠุฏ ู„ูˆู†

319
00:24:41,360 --> 00:24:46,440
okay okay

320
00:24:46,440 --> 00:24:50,060
the first commercial bank total loans equals ู‚ุฏุงุด

321
00:24:50,060 --> 00:24:57,770
how muchุญุณุจู†ุงู‡ุง one million seven hundred thousand

322
00:24:57,770 --> 00:25:02,150
dollars the

323
00:25:02,150 --> 00:25:06,130
last ุฏูŠ the answer is ุฏูŠ okay let's go to this

324
00:25:06,130 --> 00:25:14,210
example ุทุจุนุง

325
00:25:14,210 --> 00:25:17,450
ู‡ุฐุง ุฃุฌู‰ ุจุงู„ุงู…ุชุญุงู† ุงู„ .. ุจุงู„ final exam ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ

326
00:25:17,450 --> 00:25:23,760
ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉูƒู…ุง ุชุฑู‰ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ุงูˆ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูˆุงุฉ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ

327
00:25:23,760 --> 00:25:26,260
ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ

328
00:25:26,260 --> 00:25:29,260
ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ

329
00:25:29,260 --> 00:25:30,620
ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ

330
00:25:30,620 --> 00:25:30,640
ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ

331
00:25:30,640 --> 00:25:32,220
ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ

332
00:25:32,220 --> 00:25:36,120
ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…ุตุงู„ุญ

333
00:25:36,120 --> 00:25:41,660
ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ู…

334
00:25:47,840 --> 00:25:54,920
ุฏูุน ุฎู…ุณ ุนุดุฑ ุฃู„ู ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑุŒ ูƒู… ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนู‡ุŸ ุซู„ุงุซ

335
00:25:54,920 --> 00:26:00,080
ุนุดุฑ ุฃู„ู ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑุŒ ูƒู… ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนู‡ุŸ ุซู„ุงุซ ุนุดุฑ ุฃู„ู ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑุŒ

336
00:26:00,080 --> 00:26:07,140
ูƒู… ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนู‡ุŸ ุซู„ุงุซ ุนุดุฑ ุฃู„ู ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑุŒ ูƒู… ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนู‡ุŸ

337
00:26:10,110 --> 00:26:15,910
exactly 500000$ thank you ุชู…ุงู… ุทูŠุจ so how much is

338
00:26:15,910 --> 00:26:19,310
the required reserve ratio the required reserve

339
00:26:19,310 --> 00:26:23,030
ratio equals the required reserve over deposits

340
00:26:23,030 --> 00:26:33,430
ู‚ุฏุงุด 100100000 over 500$ ู‚ุฏุงุด 20%ู…ุธุจูˆุท twenty

341
00:26:33,430 --> 00:26:37,110
percent so the required reserve equals twenty

342
00:26:37,110 --> 00:26:41,810
percent what else ุงู„ excess reserve equals how

343
00:26:41,810 --> 00:26:45,530
much exactly two hundred it's already calculated

344
00:26:45,530 --> 00:26:50,050
ู‡ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ loans five hundred ูˆ ุงู„ net worth three

345
00:26:50,050 --> 00:26:58,610
hundred these are the questions ุทูŠุจ crescent ุงู‡

346
00:26:58,610 --> 00:27:00,950
ู‡ุฐุง another question

347
00:27:07,320 --> 00:27:12,600
Crescent City Bank ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง 2 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฏูุนุงุชุŒ ูุงู„ุฏูุน ูŠู‚ู„

348
00:27:12,600 --> 00:27:19,960
ูƒู…ุŸ 2 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู†ุŒ ูุงู„ุฏูุน ูŠู‚ู„

349
00:27:19,960 --> 00:27:22,100
200 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู†

350
00:27:26,190 --> 00:27:29,210
Crescent City Bank is meeting its reserve

351
00:27:29,210 --> 00:27:33,430
requirement and has no excess reserves. This means

352
00:27:33,430 --> 00:27:37,230
ุงู† ุงู„ excess reserves equals ูƒุฏุงุดุŸ Zero. So ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„

353
00:27:37,230 --> 00:27:44,370
excess reserves equals zero. Or this means ุงู† ุงู„

354
00:27:44,370 --> 00:27:49,910
reserves ูƒู„ู‡ equals required reserve. ุดุงูŠู ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุŸ

355
00:27:51,100 --> 00:27:54,020
ุจุณุจุจ ุงู† ุงู„ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ุญุชุงุฌุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ุญุชุงุฌุฉ

356
00:27:54,020 --> 00:27:56,920
ุงูˆ ุงู„ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ุญุชุงุฌุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ุญุชุงุฌุฉ ุงูˆ

357
00:27:56,920 --> 00:28:00,840
ุงู„ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ุญุชุงุฌุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ุญุชุงุฌุฉ ุงูˆ

358
00:28:00,840 --> 00:28:07,100
ุงู„ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ุญุชุงุฌุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑุงุช

359
00:28:07,100 --> 00:28:16,110
ุงู„ู…ุญุชุงุฌุฉุทูŠุจุŒ ู„ู†ุนูˆุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ุŒ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ 40 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ููŠ

360
00:28:16,110 --> 00:28:19,210
ู…ุญุงูุธุงุชุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ required reserves ุฃูˆ

361
00:28:19,210 --> 00:28:27,050
ู…ุญุงูุธุงุชุŒ ูƒุฏุงุดุŸ 40ุŒ ู„ุฐุงุŒ ู…ุญุงูุธุงุช ุฃูˆ ู…ุญุงูุธุงุช ู…ุญุชุงุฌุฉ

362
00:28:27,050 --> 00:28:32,210
ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง 40 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู†ุŒ ุตุญูŠุญุŸ ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุฃูˆ ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ

363
00:28:32,210 --> 00:28:38,620
ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ูƒุฏุงุดุŸ 30%exactly ู…ุธุจูˆุท so the required

364
00:28:38,620 --> 00:28:44,320
reserve ratio equals the required reserves over

365
00:28:44,320 --> 00:28:48,440
deposits equals

366
00:28:48,440 --> 00:28:53,400
four hundred over two hundred ูƒุฏู‡ุด ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู‡ุฐุง

367
00:28:53,400 --> 00:29:01,680
twenty percent that's it ุตุนุจ ุงูŠู‡ ุทุจ ู…ูŠู† ู…ุด ูุงู‡ู…

368
00:29:01,680 --> 00:29:11,650
ุงูŠุฏู„ู‡ุทูŠุจ ู„ู†ุฐู‡ุจ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ู†ุงุฑูŠุงู† ู†ุงุดู†ุงู„ ุจู†ูƒ ู„ุฏูŠู‡

369
00:29:11,650 --> 00:29:17,230
750 ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ุงูˆ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุช ู„ุฐุง ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ

370
00:29:17,230 --> 00:29:27,790
ูƒู…ุŸ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ 750

371
00:29:27,790 --> 00:29:35,090
ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู‡ูŠ 30% ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ

372
00:29:35,090 --> 00:29:41,750
ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู‡ูŠ 30% ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู‡ูŠ 30% ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ

373
00:29:41,750 --> 00:29:44,190
ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู‡ูŠ 30% ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู‡ูŠ 30% ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ

374
00:29:44,190 --> 00:29:45,190
ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู‡ูŠ 30% ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู‡ูŠ 30% ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ

375
00:29:45,190 --> 00:29:46,410
ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู‡ูŠ 30% ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู‡ูŠ 30% ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ

376
00:29:46,410 --> 00:29:48,070
ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู‡ูŠ 30% ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู‡ูŠ 30% ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ

377
00:29:48,070 --> 00:29:49,110
ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู‡ูŠ 30% ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู‡ูŠ 30% ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ

378
00:29:49,110 --> 00:29:49,710
ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู‡ูŠ 30% ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู‡ูŠ 30% ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ

379
00:29:49,710 --> 00:29:57,810
ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู‡ูŠ 30% ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู‡ูŠ 30

380
00:29:57,810 --> 00:30:10,250
% ุงู„ู…ู‚0.30 x 750 equals 225 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ this is

381
00:30:10,250 --> 00:30:17,950
the required reserve ratio ุทูŠุจ ูƒุฏู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ

382
00:30:17,950 --> 00:30:23,950
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ X is reserve in this case 750 minus 250

383
00:30:23,950 --> 00:30:27,610
exactly ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ X is reserve in this case ู…ุฌู„ุฏุด

384
00:30:27,610 --> 00:30:33,150
ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุณูˆู‰ ุตูุฑ equals zeroุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุฎุทูˆุฉ

385
00:30:33,150 --> 00:30:34,110
ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…

386
00:30:34,110 --> 00:30:39,290
ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…

387
00:30:39,290 --> 00:30:44,150
ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…

388
00:30:44,150 --> 00:30:44,970
ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…

389
00:30:44,970 --> 00:30:45,230
ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…

390
00:30:45,230 --> 00:30:52,190
ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…

391
00:30:52,190 --> 00:31:00,200
ุงู„ุงุงู†ุชุฑุง ูƒูˆุณุชุงู„ ุจุงู†ูƒ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ 5 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฏูŠุจูˆุฒูŠุช ูˆ 500

392
00:31:00,200 --> 00:31:05,420
ุฃู„ู ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ

393
00:31:05,420 --> 00:31:10,780
ู†ุดูˆู ู†ุนู…ู„ ุชุฌุฒุฆุฉ ู„ู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ูˆ ู†ุดูˆู ุดูˆ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ู‡ ูุงู„ุณุคุงู„

394
00:31:10,780 --> 00:31:20,800
ู‡ูˆ ุงุฐุง ุงู† ุงู„ุฏูŠุจูˆุฒูŠุช ุงูŠู‡ ูƒู…ุŸ ุฏูŠุจูˆุฒูŠุช

395
00:31:23,280 --> 00:31:39,260
equals 500000$ 500000

396
00:31:39,260 --> 00:31:47,780
$ in reserves 500000

397
00:31:47,780 --> 00:32:06,000
$ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู€ RRR ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ 5% ุฅุฐุง

398
00:32:06,000 --> 00:32:15,300
ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู€

399
00:32:15,300 --> 00:32:18,680
RRR ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ 5% ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู€ RRR ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ 5%

400
00:32:22,880 --> 00:32:27,240
ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ

401
00:32:27,240 --> 00:32:29,820
ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ

402
00:32:29,820 --> 00:32:34,600
ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ

403
00:32:34,600 --> 00:32:34,980
ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ

404
00:32:34,980 --> 00:32:35,040
ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ

405
00:32:35,040 --> 00:32:39,940
ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ

406
00:32:42,860 --> 00:32:46,500
ู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ this is the required reserve ุทุจ ู‚ุฏูŠุด ุงู„

407
00:32:46,500 --> 00:32:49,780
excess reserve? how much is the excess reserve?

408
00:32:50,160 --> 00:32:54,320
exactly total reserves minus the required reserves

409
00:32:54,320 --> 00:33:01,160
so the excess reserve equals

410
00:33:01,160 --> 00:33:08,860
the total reserves or reserves minus the required

411
00:33:08,860 --> 00:33:14,470
reservesุตุญุŸ so equals five hundred thousand

412
00:33:14,470 --> 00:33:18,110
dollars minus two hundred fifty thousand dollars

413
00:33:18,110 --> 00:33:23,390
equals two hundred fifty thousand dollars that's

414
00:33:23,390 --> 00:33:31,770
it ุตุนุจ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑุŸ ุฏู‡ ุฏู‡ ุฏู‡ ุทูŠุจ let's go to another

415
00:33:31,770 --> 00:33:41,800
questionุงู„ุจู†ูƒ ููŠ ุฃุณูŠุง ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฏุจูˆุฒูŠุช

416
00:33:41,800 --> 00:33:49,260
980 ุฃู„ู ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ูˆ 9 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฏุจูˆุฒูŠุช ูˆ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ

417
00:33:49,260 --> 00:33:51,340
ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ 10% ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ุงู„ X

418
00:33:56,780 --> 00:34:04,840
ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŒ ู…ุตุฏุฑ Red Oak ู„ุฏูŠู‡ 2 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฏูุนุงุช ูˆ 400 ุฃู„ู

419
00:34:04,840 --> 00:34:11,300
ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ุงู„ู€ X ู‡ูŠ 800 ุฃู„ู ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑุŒ ูƒู…

420
00:34:11,300 --> 00:34:19,480
ู‡ูŠ ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ุงู„ุฑูŠูƒูˆูŠุฏุŸ ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุชุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุชุฑู‰ุŒ

421
00:34:19,480 --> 00:34:31,950
ุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ู‡ูŠ ูƒู…ูŠุฉู…ุฏูุนุงุช ูƒู…ุŸ 2 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† 400000

422
00:34:31,950 --> 00:34:38,130
$ 400000

423
00:34:38,130 --> 00:34:52,350
$ ูˆุฅุฐุง ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ X ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ X ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ X ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ X ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ

424
00:34:52,350 --> 00:34:58,090
X 100000$ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉุŸ ูŠุฌุจ

425
00:34:58,090 --> 00:35:00,570
ุฃู† ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ูˆู…ู† ุซู… ุนุฏุฏ

426
00:35:00,570 --> 00:35:11,710
ุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ

427
00:35:14,550 --> 00:35:17,530
because total reserves ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ reserves ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„

428
00:35:17,530 --> 00:35:20,870
ุจูŠุนุฑู ุจูู‡ู… ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠุญูƒูŠ ุนู† total reserves ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ so

429
00:35:20,870 --> 00:35:25,270
reserves ุงู†ุช ูƒุฏู‡ุดุŸ four hundred thousand dollars

430
00:35:25,270 --> 00:35:29,930
minus x's reserves one hundred thousand three

431
00:35:29,930 --> 00:35:35,250
hundred thousand dollars so how much is the

432
00:35:35,250 --> 00:35:40,870
required reserve ratio ุฃุจูˆ ุฌุฒุฑุŸSo the required

433
00:35:40,870 --> 00:35:45,250
reserve ratio equals required reserves over

434
00:35:45,250 --> 00:35:49,070
deposits equals

435
00:35:49,070 --> 00:35:57,130
300000 over 2 million dollars equals how much

436
00:35:57,130 --> 00:36:07,920
exactly 15% right ุตุนุจ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑู„ู†ุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„

437
00:36:07,920 --> 00:36:14,620
ูƒู…ุง ุชุฑู‰ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ู…ูุนุทู„ูˆุจ ู‡ู†ุง ูƒู…ุง

438
00:36:14,620 --> 00:36:22,860
ุชุฑู‰ ู…ู‚ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ 1.2 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ูˆู…ู‚ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ 6.8

439
00:36:22,860 --> 00:36:31,300
ูˆู…ู‚ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ 8 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ูˆู…ู‚ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ 8 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู†

440
00:36:31,300 --> 00:36:33,840
ูˆู…ู‚ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ 8 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ูˆู…ู‚ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ 8 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู†

441
00:36:36,840 --> 00:36:41,340
Okay, let's go to the exercise of the required

442
00:36:41,340 --> 00:36:44,840
reserve ratio if the required reserve ratio equals

443
00:36:44,840 --> 00:36:50,920
or is is 15% the first charter bank is whatุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ

444
00:36:50,920 --> 00:36:54,480
ู„ูˆ suppose ุงู† required reserves ุนู†ุฏูŠ ratio ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ

445
00:36:54,480 --> 00:36:58,080
15% ูƒุฏุงุด ุนู†ุฏูŠ required reserves ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ in

446
00:36:58,080 --> 00:37:02,940
this case ุนุดุงู† ู†ุดูˆู ุดูˆ ู‡ูˆุถุน ุงู„ bank So as you see

447
00:37:02,940 --> 00:37:12,390
ุงู† required reserve ratioequals 15% required

448
00:37:12,390 --> 00:37:18,670
reserve ratio equals 15% right ูˆู…ุนุทูŠู†ูŠ reserves

449
00:37:18,670 --> 00:37:22,930
ุจูŠุณูˆูŠ 1.2 ุทุจ ู‚ุฏูŠุด ุงู„ required reserve ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„

450
00:37:22,930 --> 00:37:26,090
ุนุดุงู† ุฃุดูˆู ุดูˆ ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุจู†ูƒ how much is the required

451
00:37:26,090 --> 00:37:32,590
reserve required reserve ratio times deposits ุตุญ

452
00:37:34,130 --> 00:37:42,430
equals 15% times deposits 8 million equals how

453
00:37:42,430 --> 00:37:51,030
much? 1.2 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงูŠุด ุงู† ุงู„

454
00:37:51,030 --> 00:37:54,090
required reserve ratio ุงูˆ sorry required reserve

455
00:37:54,090 --> 00:37:57,870
ุจุชุณูˆูŠ ุงูŠุดุŸ reserves ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ X is reserve ุงูŠุด ู…ุงู„ู‡

456
00:37:57,870 --> 00:38:02,940
ูŠุณูˆูŠุŸุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ X ุตูุฑ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูุฑ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูุฑ

457
00:38:02,940 --> 00:38:03,280
ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูุฑ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูุฑ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูุฑ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูุฑ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูุฑ

458
00:38:03,280 --> 00:38:06,460
ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูุฑ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูุฑ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูุฑ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูุฑ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูุฑ

459
00:38:06,460 --> 00:38:09,420
ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูุฑ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูุฑ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูุฑ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูุฑ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูุฑ

460
00:38:09,420 --> 00:38:11,480
ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูุฑ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูุฑ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูุฑ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูุฑ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูุฑ

461
00:38:11,480 --> 00:38:20,080
ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูุฑ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูุฑ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ

462
00:38:20,080 --> 00:38:24,680
ุตูุฑ

463
00:38:24,680 --> 00:38:25,140
ุจ

464
00:38:29,810 --> 00:38:34,330
equals 1.2 ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุช ูƒู„ู‡ุง

465
00:38:34,330 --> 00:38:41,890
ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ

466
00:38:41,890 --> 00:38:46,910
ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ

467
00:38:46,910 --> 00:38:48,190
ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ

468
00:38:48,190 --> 00:38:51,750
ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ

469
00:38:51,750 --> 00:38:55,570
ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ

470
00:38:55,570 --> 00:39:12,020
ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชู‚ุฑุฑ

471
00:39:12,020 --> 00:39:22,060
ุงู„ู€ X ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ

472
00:39:22,060 --> 00:39:23,340
ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ

473
00:39:23,340 --> 00:39:25,960
ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ

474
00:39:25,960 --> 00:39:27,040
ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ

475
00:39:27,040 --> 00:39:27,660
ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ

476
00:39:27,660 --> 00:39:33,030
ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉุฃุตุจุญ 5% ูˆุดุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุดุฑุทุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงุณุชู…ุฑุช ููŠ ุญูุธ

477
00:39:33,030 --> 00:39:39,590
1.2 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ 1 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† 200 ุฃู„ู ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ููŠ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุชู‡ุง

478
00:39:39,590 --> 00:39:41,110
ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุชู‡ุง ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุชู‡ุง ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุชู‡ุง ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุชู‡ุง ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุชู‡ุง

479
00:39:41,110 --> 00:39:41,450
ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุชู‡ุง ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุชู‡ุง ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุชู‡ุง ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุชู‡ุง ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุชู‡ุง

480
00:39:41,450 --> 00:39:41,890
ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุชู‡ุง ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุชู‡ุง ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุชู‡ุง ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุชู‡ุง ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุชู‡ุง

481
00:39:41,890 --> 00:39:42,490
ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุชู‡ุง ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุชู‡ุง ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุชู‡ุง ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุชู‡ุง ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุชู‡ุง

482
00:39:42,490 --> 00:39:51,870
ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุชู‡ุง ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุชู‡ุง ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุชู‡ุง ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุชู‡ุง ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุชู‡ุง

483
00:39:53,580 --> 00:39:57,480
ู‡ูˆู„ ู‚ุฏุด ุงู†ุฏูŠ free reserves 1.2 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ free

484
00:39:57,480 --> 00:40:03,580
reserves ุงู†ุฏูŠ one point two one million point two

485
00:40:03,580 --> 00:40:09,080
hundred thousand dollars the question is ุงู„ X's

486
00:40:09,080 --> 00:40:12,440
reserve equals how much this is the question so we

487
00:40:12,440 --> 00:40:15,920
have to calculate the required reserve ุตุญุŸ and

488
00:40:15,920 --> 00:40:20,080
then the X's reserve ุตุญุŸ so the required reserve

489
00:40:20,080 --> 00:40:22,560
equals five percent

490
00:40:31,970 --> 00:40:38,830
400000 400000 400000

491
00:40:38,830 --> 00:40:45,550
400000 400000 400000 400000 400000 400000 400000

492
00:40:45,550 --> 00:40:50,870
400000 400000 400000 400000 400000 400000 400000

493
00:40:50,870 --> 00:40:50,990
400000 400000 400000 400000 400000 400000 400000

494
00:40:50,990 --> 00:40:54,770
400000 400000 400000 400000equals the total

495
00:40:54,770 --> 00:40:58,550
reserves or reserves minus the required reserves

496
00:40:58,550 --> 00:41:02,170
so the total reserves equals how much ูƒุฏุงุด one

497
00:41:02,170 --> 00:41:07,110
million two hundred thousand minus the required

498
00:41:07,110 --> 00:41:11,790
reserve so

499
00:41:11,790 --> 00:41:19,210
the excess reserve eight hundred thousand dollars

500
00:41:19,210 --> 00:41:22,550
right ุตุนุจุŸ

501
00:41:24,790 --> 00:41:34,230
ู„ู†ุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ .. ูƒู…ุง ุชุฑู‰ .. ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุช

502
00:41:34,230 --> 00:41:36,130
ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ .. ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ุฑูŠูƒูˆูŠู„ุฏ .. ูˆู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ุฑูŠูƒูˆูŠู„ุฏ

503
00:41:36,130 --> 00:41:40,550
.. ูˆู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ุฑูŠูƒูˆูŠู„ุฏ .. ูˆู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ุฑูŠูƒูˆูŠู„ุฏ ..

504
00:41:40,550 --> 00:41:40,590
ูˆู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ุฑูŠูƒูˆูŠู„ุฏ .. ูˆู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ุฑูŠูƒูˆูŠู„ุฏ ..

505
00:41:40,590 --> 00:41:40,770
ูˆู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ุฑูŠูƒูˆูŠู„ุฏ .. ูˆู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ุฑูŠูƒูˆูŠู„ุฏ ..

506
00:41:40,770 --> 00:41:41,850
ูˆู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ุฑูŠูƒูˆูŠู„ุฏ .. ูˆู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ุฑูŠูƒูˆูŠู„ุฏ ..

507
00:41:41,850 --> 00:41:44,170
ูˆู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ุฑูŠูƒูˆูŠู„ุฏ .. ูˆู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ุฑูŠูƒูˆูŠู„ุฏ ..

508
00:41:44,170 --> 00:41:48,170
ูˆู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ุฑูŠูƒูˆูŠู„ุฏ .. ูˆู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ุฑูŠูƒูˆูŠู„ุฏ ..

509
00:41:48,170 --> 00:41:53,830
ูˆู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ุฑูŠูƒูˆูŠู„ุฏ .. ูˆู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฅุฐุงู‹ ูƒุฏุงุด ุงู„ู€ required

510
00:41:53,830 --> 00:41:58,690
reserve ratioุŸ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฑุงุญูˆุง .. ุฑุงุญูˆุง

511
00:41:58,690 --> 00:42:02,370
ุงู„ุจู†ูƒ ู…ุงุชูŠ loans ุจู‚ุฏุฑุดุŸ ุจุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุชุณุนูŠู† ุฃู„ูุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ

512
00:42:02,370 --> 00:42:06,850
ุตุญุŸ ุตุญ ุฑุงุญูˆุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุฎุฏ ุงู„ loan ู‡ุฐุง ุญุทู‡ ููŠ

513
00:42:06,850 --> 00:42:12,250
ุจู†ูƒ ุชุงู†ูŠุŒ in the second bank ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุชุณุนูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ

514
00:42:12,250 --> 00:42:17,260
as a deposit in the second bankุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุนู…ู„

515
00:42:17,260 --> 00:42:20,840
deduction ุจุฎู…ุณุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ reserves ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุตุงุฑ

516
00:42:20,840 --> 00:42:24,060
ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู‚ุฏุงุด required reserve ู‡ู„ู‚ุฏุฑ ูˆุตุงุฑ ู…ูŠุนุทู‰ loans

517
00:42:24,060 --> 00:42:30,440
ู‡ู„ู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุดูˆ ุนู…ู„ุŸ ุฃุฎุฏ ู‡ุฐุง

518
00:42:30,440 --> 00:42:35,080
ุงู„ู…ุจู„ุบ as a loan ูˆุฑุงุญ ุญุงุทู‡ู… ููŠ ุจู†ูƒ ุชุงู„ุช ู‡ูŠูˆู… as a

519
00:42:35,080 --> 00:42:40,770
depositThe third bank ุงูŠุด ุนู…ู„ุŸ ุนู…ู„ deduction ุจุฎู…ุณุฉ

520
00:42:40,770 --> 00:42:43,650
ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุฎู…ุณุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุจู„ุบ ู‡ูŠูˆู…

521
00:42:43,650 --> 00:42:47,890
ู‡ู„ู‚ุฏ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ loan ู‡ู„ู‚ุฏ and so on ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„

522
00:42:47,890 --> 00:42:50,630
ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง let's go to the .. refer to the scenario

523
00:42:50,630 --> 00:42:54,510
what is the required reserve ratio ู„ูˆ required

524
00:42:54,510 --> 00:42:58,990
reserves over deposits ุตุญุŸ ุทูŠุจ what is the money

525
00:42:58,990 --> 00:43:01,410
multiplier in this economy let's come back to the

526
00:43:01,410 --> 00:43:05,590
money multiplier ู‡ู„ุฃ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุงู„ูƒู… ุตุงุฑุช

527
00:43:05,590 --> 00:43:10,580
ุดุจุงุจุŸุจู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ required reserve ratio ูˆ ุงู„ excess

528
00:43:10,580 --> 00:43:11,080
reserves