File size: 24,568 Bytes
2b0c9a7
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
1
00:00:02,750 --> 00:00:09,650
ุจู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ fluid .. the fluid film fabrication ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ..

2
00:00:09,650 --> 00:00:12,630
ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ two modes ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ cartilage ู„ู…ุง 

3
00:00:12,630 --> 00:00:16,190
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ movement ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠุชุนุฑุถ ู„ two stresses

4
00:00:16,190 --> 00:00:20,450
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ tangential ุฃูˆ ุฎู„ู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ tensile

5
00:00:20,450 --> 00:00:23,090
force ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ surface ูˆ ุงู„ compressive

6
00:00:23,090 --> 00:00:27,190
ูƒู…ุงู† force ุฃูˆ stress ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ .. ุงู„

7
00:00:27,190 --> 00:00:31,980
movement ุงู„ู€ hydrodynamic ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ deformation

8
00:00:31,980 --> 00:00:39,060
ูˆ ุจูŠุชุญู‚ู‚ ูˆ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ tangential movement ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ

9
00:00:39,060 --> 00:00:42,720
ุงู„ู…ู„ุงู…ุณุฉ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ stretch

10
00:00:45,510 --> 00:00:49,430
ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ squeeze film fabrication ู‡ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚

11
00:00:49,430 --> 00:00:51,350
.. ู…ุงุฏุงู… ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง squeeze ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

12
00:00:51,350 --> 00:00:55,270
perpendicular ุฃูˆ axial force ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

13
00:00:55,270 --> 00:00:59,750
compression ุงู„ compression ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„

14
00:00:59,750 --> 00:01:05,090
fabrication ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠ .. ุจูŠุทู„ุน only for a

15
00:01:05,090 --> 00:01:10,910
short duration ูˆ .. ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ูƒู„ ู…ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ

16
00:01:10,910 --> 00:01:14,910
load ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ squeeze ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ squeeze

17
00:01:14,910 --> 00:01:18,990
ุจุตูŠุฑ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ force ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฃูˆ ูƒุงู† wet peering ุฃูƒุซุฑ

18
00:01:18,990 --> 00:01:23,570
ูู‡ูŠ ุจุชุธู‡ุฑ ูˆ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ fabrication ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡

19
00:01:23,570 --> 00:01:27,790
ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ boundary lubrication ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰

20
00:01:27,790 --> 00:01:31,750
ุงู„ุญูˆุงู ุจูŠู† ุงู„ articular surfaces ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ two

21
00:01:31,750 --> 00:01:35,840
articular surfaces happen when the layer molecules

22
00:01:35,840 --> 00:01:40,400
adheres to each of two articular surfaces that are

23
00:01:40,400 --> 00:01:45,620
gliding past each other ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู„ุงุตู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ ..

24
00:01:45,620 --> 00:01:51,040
ุจุงู„ุณุทุญ ุงู„ articular cartilage ุงู„ู€ mechanism ุจุชุตูŠุฑ

25
00:01:51,040 --> 00:01:56,640
the surface are protected by an adsorbed layer of

26
00:01:56,640 --> 00:02:00,380
boundary lubrication which prevent direct surface

27
00:02:00,380 --> 00:02:03,980
to surface contact and eliminate most of the

28
00:02:03,980 --> 00:02:07,160
surface layer ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ lubrication ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

29
00:02:07,160 --> 00:02:12,960
ุจุชู…ู†ุน ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ two articular surfaces

30
00:02:13,850 --> 00:02:17,310
depends on the chemical properties of the

31
00:02:17,310 --> 00:02:22,850
lubricant ุงู„ viscosity ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง and ุงู„ ุงู„ bearing

32
00:02:22,850 --> 00:02:29,610
material ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุณุทูˆุญ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู†ุฉ ู„ู„

33
00:02:29,610 --> 00:02:33,170
joints ุทุจุนุง ููŠู‡ ุฃู† ุงู„ synovial joint ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู†

34
00:02:33,170 --> 00:02:35,610
ู‡ูŠ big joint ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ุง synovial fluid

35
00:02:39,010 --> 00:02:45,670
ูุจุชูƒูˆู† specific glycoproteins lubricin ุงุณู…ู‡ุง

36
00:02:45,670 --> 00:02:49,470
lubricin appeared to be the synovial fluid

37
00:02:49,470 --> 00:02:53,110
constituent responsible for boundary lubrication

38
00:02:53,110 --> 00:02:56,930
ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูู‰ ุงู„ synovial

39
00:02:56,930 --> 00:03:01,530
fluid ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ lubrication ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ู„ู…ุง ุจุชู‚ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡

40
00:03:01,530 --> 00:03:06,850
ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ .. ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ wear and tear ูˆ

41
00:03:06,850 --> 00:03:15,550
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฎุดูˆู†ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ุฃูˆ ุฎู„ู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ููŠ

42
00:03:15,550 --> 00:03:16,250
ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„

43
00:03:19,390 --> 00:03:23,070
ุทุจุนุง ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง stress strain curve of the

44
00:03:23,070 --> 00:03:27,050
articular cartilage ุงู„ articular cartilage ุทุจุนุง

45
00:03:27,050 --> 00:03:30,750
ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู† ู‡ูˆ anisotropic ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุฉ

46
00:03:30,750 --> 00:03:35,730
ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุฃูˆ ุชุตููŠูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ ุงู„ collagen ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ

47
00:03:35,730 --> 00:03:42,410
ููŠู‡ ูˆ ุงู†ู‡ heterogeneous ู…ุด ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ

48
00:03:42,410 --> 00:03:44,710
ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ ..

49
00:03:47,740 --> 00:03:53,220
ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุช .. ุจุชุนู…ู„ู†ุง ุทุจุนุง ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ

50
00:03:53,220 --> 00:03:58,160
ุงู„ stiffness ุจูƒูˆู† ุทุจุนุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ articular cartilage

51
00:03:58,160 --> 00:04:02,480
ุจูƒูˆู† stiffer ูˆ stronger ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ basement ู…ู†

52
00:04:02,480 --> 00:04:08,500
ุงู„ parallel ู†ุงุฎุฏ ู‚ุทุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ cartilage

53
00:04:08,500 --> 00:04:13,460
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุชุตููŠุช ุงู„ collagen parallel ูˆ ุทุจุนุง

54
00:04:13,460 --> 00:04:16,580
ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุฃุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุตููŠุชู‡ุง

55
00:04:16,580 --> 00:04:21,360
perpendicular ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฅู† ู‡ูˆ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ

56
00:04:21,360 --> 00:04:26,140
layers ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู†ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ุต ุจุฑููŠุดุงู„ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†

57
00:04:26,140 --> 00:04:31,440
parallel ูƒู„ ุฌู† ุชุตููŠุชู‡ุง ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชุตููŠุชุฉ

58
00:04:31,440 --> 00:04:34,080
ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุตุจุนุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ perpendicular

59
00:04:34,080 --> 00:04:38,480
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงู…ุณุฉ ู„ุณุทุญ ุงู„ bone ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุตูุทุฉ

60
00:04:38,480 --> 00:04:42,860
ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠุง ูˆ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุชุฑูƒุจุชู‡ุง ุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ

61
00:04:42,860 --> 00:04:47,460
ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ ู…ุนุฑุถุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุณุทุญ ู…ุนุฑุถ ู„ู„ tensile

62
00:04:47,460 --> 00:04:53,020
force ูˆ ุงู„ deeper ุงู„ surfaces ู…ุนุฑุถุฉ ู„ู„ compressive

63
00:04:53,020 --> 00:04:54,760
force

64
00:04:56,340 --> 00:05:00,660
ุทุจุนุง ุฅุฐุง ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง specimen ุฃูˆ ู‚ุทุนุฉ ู…ู† .. ู…ู† ุงู„

65
00:05:00,660 --> 00:05:04,420
superficial region ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนุงุฏุฉ stiffer and stronger

66
00:05:04,420 --> 00:05:08,720
ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ deeper region

67
00:05:10,500 --> 00:05:15,300
ุงู„ articular cartilage ุทุจุนุง ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุจูƒูˆู† stiffer ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูƒู„

68
00:05:15,300 --> 00:05:21,180
ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ strain ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ .. in the stress strain

69
00:05:21,180 --> 00:05:24,400
curve ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู†

70
00:05:24,400 --> 00:05:29,280
ู‡ู†ุง ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง ุจุชุจุฏุฃ .. ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุฎูŠูˆุท ุทุจุนุฉ ุงู„ .. ุงู„

71
00:05:29,280 --> 00:05:34,740
collagen ุชุตูŠุฑ ู…ุดุฏูˆุฏู‡ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุชุตูŠุฑ parallel ูƒู„ู‡ุง

72
00:05:34,740 --> 00:05:39,560
ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ failure ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ

73
00:05:39,560 --> 00:05:44,780
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ rupture ูˆ ุจุชู†ู‚ุทุน ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง a two

74
00:05:44,780 --> 00:05:48,980
region ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจุฏุช ุงู„ุฎูŠูˆุท ุฃูˆ ุจุฏุช ุงู„

75
00:05:48,980 --> 00:05:53,900
collagen fibers ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง pulling out ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ

76
00:05:53,900 --> 00:05:58,780
ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ realignment ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุถุนู ูˆ ุชุถุนู ุฅู„ู‰

77
00:05:58,780 --> 00:06:04,050
ุฃู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ rupture ุทุจุนุง final near linear portion

78
00:06:04,050 --> 00:06:09,130
is caused by the stretching of the straightening

79
00:06:09,130 --> 00:06:13,150
alignment ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดูˆูู†ุงู‡ุง ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ูƒูŠู ุตุงุฑ

80
00:06:13,150 --> 00:06:18,750
ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง parallel ูˆ straight ูˆ straight ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„

81
00:06:18,750 --> 00:06:21,490
part represents the tensile stiffness of the collagen

82
00:06:21,490 --> 00:06:26,990
itself ุงู„ failure ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ุงููŠุด ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„

83
00:06:26,990 --> 00:06:33,660
cartilage ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุชุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุดุฏ ุงู„ุญุงุตู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุทุจุนุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ

84
00:06:33,660 --> 00:06:38,680
ุจูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ stress strain

85
00:06:38,680 --> 00:06:43,380
curve ู„ุงู„ cartilage ุงู„ tensile stiffness and

86
00:06:43,380 --> 00:06:47,820
strength of the articular cartilage ุจุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅูŠุด

87
00:06:47,820 --> 00:06:51,100
ุงู„ distance from the articular surface ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง

88
00:06:51,100 --> 00:06:56,180
ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง more superficial ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ stiffness ู„ู„

89
00:06:56,180 --> 00:06:59,120
tensile force ูˆ ุงู„ deep ุฃูƒุซุฑ stiffness ู„ู„

90
00:06:59,120 --> 00:07:03,310
compressive force ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ tensile stiffness

91
00:07:03,310 --> 00:07:06,310
and strength of the articular decrease with the

92
00:07:06,310 --> 00:07:08,390
increase of the distance from the articular

93
00:07:08,390 --> 00:07:14,870
surface ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุฏูŠ ุจุงู„ layer ุฃู‚ู„ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู„ู„

94
00:07:14,870 --> 00:07:17,780
tensile force ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ direction ู„ู„ fibers ูู‚ู„ู†ุง

95
00:07:17,780 --> 00:07:24,620
ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุงู„ parallel fibers ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนุงุฏุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ

96
00:07:24,620 --> 00:07:31,040
ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ tensile strength ูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„

97
00:07:31,040 --> 00:07:34,170
perpendicular ูˆ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุชุตููŠุชุฉ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ุงู… ู„ูˆ ู…ุณูƒู†ุง

98
00:07:34,170 --> 00:07:38,510
ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ุงู… ูˆ ุญุงูˆู„ู†ุง ู†ุดุฏู‡ุง ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุจ .. ู… .. ู…

99
00:07:38,510 --> 00:07:41,630
.. ู…ุญุชูˆุทุฉ ุจูŠู† ุฅูŠุฏูŠู†ุง ุจุงู„ุนุฑุถ ุทุจ ู†ู‚ุฏุฑุด ู†ุดุฏู‡ุง ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ

100
00:07:41,630 --> 00:07:45,490
ูˆู‚ูู†ุงู‡ุง perpendicular ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ูุฑู‚ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ุงู… ุนู† ุจุนุถู‡ุง

101
00:07:45,490 --> 00:07:51,590
ุจุตูˆุฑุฉ ุณุฑูŠุนุฉ ูุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ stiffness ู‡ูŠุฎุชู„ู ููŠ ุงู„ ..

102
00:07:51,590 --> 00:07:54,970
ุงู„ perpendicular part

103
00:07:56,010 --> 00:07:59,550
ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ pathomechanics of the

104
00:07:59,550 --> 00:08:02,990
articular cartilage ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ cartilage ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠ

105
00:08:02,990 --> 00:08:09,290
microstructure alteration ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุงู„

106
00:08:09,290 --> 00:08:14,690
stress ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠู‡ destruction ููŠ ุงู„

107
00:08:14,690 --> 00:08:19,570
cartilage ุฃูˆ micro destruction

108
00:08:19,570 --> 00:08:25,390
ู‡ู†ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ microstructure is disrupted any

109
00:08:25,390 --> 00:08:29,050
mechanical damage mechanism becomes possible

110
00:08:29,050 --> 00:08:32,270
including impairment of the articular cartilage load

111
00:08:32,270 --> 00:08:36,550
transmission ability ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุชุญู…ู„ ู„ุฃ ุงู‚ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ

112
00:08:36,550 --> 00:08:39,630
ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ alarm ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุจุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„

113
00:08:39,630 --> 00:08:44,190
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ cartilage

114
00:08:44,190 --> 00:08:48,310
ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู†ู‡ ุฃูŠ destruction ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„

115
00:08:48,310 --> 00:08:52,930
cartilage it is irreversible ูˆ ู…ุด ููŠู‡ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ู„ู„

116
00:08:52,930 --> 00:08:57,760
cartilage ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ repair ุฃูˆ ุงู„ regeneration ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ู„ุฃู†

117
00:08:57,760 --> 00:09:01,880
ู‡ูˆ ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ vascularization ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ ุฏู… ูŠุจูŠ ูŠุฌูŠ

118
00:09:01,880 --> 00:09:05,780
ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ูˆ ูƒุงู† ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ููŠ ุชุบุฐูŠุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุฑูˆุฌ

119
00:09:05,780 --> 00:09:09,420
ูˆ ุนูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ุณูˆุงุฆู„ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ damage ู…ุงููŠุด ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ

120
00:09:09,420 --> 00:09:13,580
repair ูˆ healing ุจูŠุชุตูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุณ ุจุชุบุฐุง ู„ูƒู†

121
00:09:13,580 --> 00:09:18,080
ู…ุงุนู†ุฏู‡ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ repair ุทุจุนุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„

122
00:09:18,080 --> 00:09:23,340
factors ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุช .. ุจุช .. ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ .. ุงู„

123
00:09:23,340 --> 00:09:26,520
degenerationุŸ ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ magnitude of total load

124
00:09:26,520 --> 00:09:30,260
on the jointุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฅู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดุชุบู„

125
00:09:30,260 --> 00:09:34,360
ูƒุซูŠุฑุŒ ุจุชูˆู‚ู ูƒุซูŠุฑุŒ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ูƒุซูŠุฑุŒ ุจุชุญู…ู„ ุซู‚ูŠู„ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ

126
00:09:34,360 --> 00:09:37,440
ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… regeneration ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุนุฑุถ ู„ุญูˆุงุฏุซ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

127
00:09:37,440 --> 00:09:41,480
ุจุชุชุนุฑุถ ู„ุถุฑุจุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุฃูŠ fracture ุฃูŠ .. ุฃูŠ

128
00:09:41,480 --> 00:09:48,080
ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุญุงุฌุฉ 

129
00:09:48,080 --> 00:09:52,660
ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ complication osteoarthritis ุทูŠุจ ู‡ู†ุง

130
00:09:52,660 --> 00:09:56,060
ุทุจุนุง ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ cartilage ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ูƒ shock

131
00:09:56,060 --> 00:10:02,260
absorption ูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุชูˆุฒูŠุน ู„ู€ ุงู„ loads ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุนู„ู‰

132
00:10:02,260 --> 00:10:08,380
ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุทุจ ู„ุฃ ุงู†ุช ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰

133
00:10:08,380 --> 00:10:11,200
ุฃู†ู‡ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ knee

134
00:10:11,200 --> 00:10:14,180
joint ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ meniscus ู…ุฎุฏุฑุชูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ุนู„ู‰

135
00:10:14,180 --> 00:10:18,420
ุฌุงู†ุจูŠ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุฑุงุญุช ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ tear

136
00:10:18,420 --> 00:10:23,440
ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ wear and tear ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ

137
00:10:23,440 --> 00:10:27,540
intra-articular surface osteoarthritis

138
00:10:31,780 --> 00:10:35,980
ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู„ู‚ูŠุชู‡ุง ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ุฃูŠ ุถุฑุจุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡

139
00:10:35,980 --> 00:10:40,540
osteoarthritis ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ meniscusectomy ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ

140
00:10:40,540 --> 00:10:44,180
ููŠู‡ tearing ููŠ ุงู„ู€ meniscus osteoarthritis ุงูŠู‡ ุตุงุฑ

141
00:10:44,180 --> 00:10:50,720
fracture ุฃูˆ trauma inside the joint ู‡ู†ู‚ูŠุชู‡ุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ

142
00:10:50,720 --> 00:10:55,340
ุงู„ู€ meniscusectomy ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ meniscus ุจูŠุนู…ู„

143
00:10:55,340 --> 00:11:02,520
ุชูˆุฒูŠุน ู„ู„ู€ load ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุดุงู„ ู‡ุชุฒูŠุฏ ูุฑุตุฉ ุงู„ู€ wear and tear

144
00:11:02,520 --> 00:11:06,520
ูˆ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู€ pressure ููŠ ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุนู† .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ

145
00:11:06,520 --> 00:11:11,400
ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุณูˆุก ููŠ ุชูˆุฒูŠุน ุงู„ู€ load inside the joint ูุจุชุตูŠุฑ

146
00:11:11,400 --> 00:11:18,000
ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ wear and tear ุฃุณุฑุน ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ู†ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ

147
00:11:18,000 --> 00:11:23,040
ููŠ ุชูˆุฒูŠุน ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ stress ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„

148
00:11:26,030 --> 00:11:28,850
ุงู„ู€ frequency of the total lot ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„

149
00:11:28,850 --> 00:11:33,050
ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงูŠู‡ .. ุงูŠู‡ .. ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุฃูˆุถุงุน

150
00:11:33,050 --> 00:11:37,950
ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู‚ู„ู‚ุชู‡ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ู€ .. ู„ูˆ ุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู€ ..

151
00:11:37,950 --> 00:11:43,050
ุงู„ู€ players ุจุตูุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉุŒ ุฑู‚ุตุงุช ุงู„ู€ balletุŒ ุงุชุนู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู†

152
00:11:43,050 --> 00:11:46,270
ุงู„ู€ football playersุŒ ู„ูˆ ุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง .. ู…ู‚ู„ู‚ุชู‡ุง ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ

153
00:11:46,270 --> 00:11:49,150
ุงุณู…ู‡ุง text neckุŒ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุงุทูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ููŠ

154
00:11:49,150 --> 00:11:55,680
ุงู„ุฌูˆุงู„ุงุชุŒ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ุงุฑู‡ุงู‚ ูˆ load ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€

155
00:11:55,680 --> 00:11:59,360
cartilage ูุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ degeneration

156
00:11:59,360 --> 00:12:04,280
ุฃุณุฑุน ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุชุนุฑุถ ู„ู€ constant load ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€

157
00:12:04,280 --> 00:12:07,500
occupation ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

158
00:12:07,500 --> 00:12:12,840
ุจูŠู…ุชู‡ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต ูˆ ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุจุชูƒูˆู† bad habits ุฌู…ุน

159
00:12:14,670 --> 00:12:18,250
ุงู„ู€ immobilization ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง

160
00:12:18,250 --> 00:12:21,250
ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฃุตู„ุง ุชุบุฐูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€

161
00:12:21,250 --> 00:12:23,730
cartilage ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู…ุงููŠุด ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู…ุงููŠุด

162
00:12:23,730 --> 00:12:27,450
ุชุบุฐูŠุฉ ุจุฏุนุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ cartilage ูุทุจุนุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุนุฑุถ ุงู„ุดุฎุต

163
00:12:27,450 --> 00:12:32,750
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุชุฃูƒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ cartilage ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง

164
00:12:32,750 --> 00:12:35,810
ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุชุฃูƒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ cartilage ุฃูˆ ุถุนูุฉ ุงู„ุชุบุฐูŠุฉ

165
00:12:35,810 --> 00:12:39,790
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ cartilage ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู‚ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ูุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงุญู†ุง

166
00:12:39,790 --> 00:12:42,550
ู…ู‚ุชู†ุนูŠู† ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุงููŠุด repair ูˆ ู…ุงููŠุด regeneration

167
00:12:43,380 --> 00:12:45,940
regeneration ูุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ

168
00:12:45,940 --> 00:12:50,020
ููŠู‡ุง ุจุฑูƒุฉ ู„ุงุฒู… ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุชุญุฑูƒ ุนุดุงู† ู…ุง ูุงุตู„ู†ุง ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ..

169
00:12:50,020 --> 00:12:52,840
ุนุดุงู† ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุญู…ูŠ ู‡ุงู„ู€ cartilage ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

170
00:12:52,840 --> 00:12:55,640
ุงู„ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ููŠ ู…ู†ุน ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ูˆ shock

171
00:12:55,640 --> 00:13:02,270
absorption ูˆ .. ูˆ ุณู‡ูˆู„ุชู‡ ุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

172
00:13:02,270 --> 00:13:06,690
ูƒุซูŠุฑ disorders ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุด ุตุฏุฑ ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุชุนุฑุถ

173
00:13:06,690 --> 00:13:09,710
ู„ู‡ุง ุจุณ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ structure ู„ู„ูƒูˆู„ุงุฌูŠู†

174
00:13:09,710 --> 00:13:13,190
ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ product ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู† matrix ูุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ

175
00:13:13,190 --> 00:13:16,190
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ .. ููŠ ุงู„ู€ cartilage ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ

176
00:13:16,190 --> 00:13:21,410
ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ disorders ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุชุคุฏูŠ

177
00:13:21,410 --> 00:13:25,450
ู„ู€ weakness of the cartilage ูƒู…ุงู† ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชู‚ุฏูŠ

178
00:13:25,450 --> 00:13:30,530
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ destruction under normal magnitude

179
00:13:30,530 --> 00:13:34,330
ุฃูˆ normal loading ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ wear and tear ุงุญู†ุง

180
00:13:34,330 --> 00:13:37,730
ูุงู‡ู…ูŠู† ูƒูŠู ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ wear is the removal of

181
00:13:37,730 --> 00:13:41,900
material from solid surface by mechanical action

182
00:13:41,900 --> 00:13:46,960
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง two types ุงู„ู€

183
00:13:46,960 --> 00:13:52,360
interfacial ุฃู†ู‡ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ู†ูุณู‡ ุฃูˆ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€

184
00:13:52,360 --> 00:13:57,340
cartilage ู†ูุณู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุชุงูƒู„ ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ

185
00:13:57,340 --> 00:14:02,660
occurred due to interaction of the bearing surface

186
00:14:02,660 --> 00:14:07,300
ุทุจุนุง ุณุทุญูŠู† ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ูˆ ู‡ู… ู…ุชู„ู…ุณูŠู† ูˆ ุจูŠุชุญุฑูƒูˆุง ู…ุน

187
00:14:07,300 --> 00:14:12,410
ุจุนุถู‡ู… ุจุตูŠุฑ ุทุจุนุง ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู†ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ .. ุจุงู„ู€

188
00:14:12,410 --> 00:14:15,010
applications ุจุชุงุนุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„

189
00:14:15,010 --> 00:14:21,490
ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชุดุญูŠู… ู„ู€ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุฅุฐุง ู…ุงูƒู†ุด ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

190
00:14:21,490 --> 00:14:26,270
lubrication ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ

191
00:14:26,270 --> 00:14:30,150
ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ adhesive ุฃูˆ adhesions ุฃูˆ

192
00:14:30,150 --> 00:14:35,410
abrasions ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅู…ุง ุงู„ุฃุณุทุญ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุชู„ุงู…ุณุฉ ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ุง ูˆ

193
00:14:35,410 --> 00:14:40,070
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ูˆ ุจุชุฒูˆุฏ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ wear ุฃูˆ ุฅู†ู‡

194
00:14:40,070 --> 00:14:44,230
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ abrasions ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณุญุงุฌุงุช ููŠู‡ุง ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุฅู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†

195
00:14:44,230 --> 00:14:49,110
ุงู„ุฃุณุทุญ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฎุดู† ุฃูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูู„ุทุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ cartilage ุจุนุถ

196
00:14:49,110 --> 00:14:55,790
ุงู„ู‚ุทุน ูˆ ุขุซุงุฑ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุชุนู…ู„ friction ุฃูˆ ุชุฃุฐูŠ

197
00:14:55,790 --> 00:15:00,350
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุฒูŠ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ููŠู‡ ุฌุฑูˆุญ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€

198
00:15:00,350 --> 00:15:03,690
adhesive will arise when the surface fragments

199
00:15:03,690 --> 00:15:07,690
adhere to each other and are torn off from the

200
00:15:07,690 --> 00:15:14,600
surface during sliding ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ abrasions ุจู€

201
00:15:14,600 --> 00:15:19,000
occur when the soft material scraps ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ

202
00:15:19,000 --> 00:15:27,150
ููŠู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ูƒุฏู‡ ุฃูˆ .. ุฃูˆ ุฌุฑูˆุญ ุฃูˆ .. ุญูƒุง by a

203
00:15:27,150 --> 00:15:30,110
harder one ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจู†ู…ุณูƒ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฎุดู†ุฉ ูˆ

204
00:15:30,110 --> 00:15:33,850
ุจู†ุชุฃูƒุฏ ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ู†ุนู… ุงุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ harder material can

205
00:15:33,850 --> 00:15:38,650
be either an opposite opposing bearing or loose

206
00:15:38,650 --> 00:15:48,350
particle between the bearing surfaces ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ

207
00:15:48,350 --> 00:15:53,530
ุงู„ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ wear that defect cause the

208
00:15:53,530 --> 00:15:57,150
surface layer of the cartilage to be softer and

209
00:15:57,150 --> 00:16:02,930
more permeable ุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ู‡ุฑูˆุจ ุฃุณุฑุน ู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ fluid ู…ู†ู‡

210
00:16:02,930 --> 00:16:08,410
ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ ู‡ุฑูˆุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ

211
00:16:08,410 --> 00:16:12,190
ุงู„ู€ permeability ุจุชุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ุณูˆุงุฆู„ ุชุทู„ุน ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูุจุชู‚ู„

212
00:16:12,190 --> 00:16:17,050
ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ูƒูุงุกุฉ ุงู„ู€ cartilage ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงุณุชู‡ู„ุงูƒ ูˆ

213
00:16:17,050 --> 00:16:25,130
ู…ู…ูƒู† ุนุฑุถุฉ ู„ู„ู‚ุดูˆู†ุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ wear and tear ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„

214
00:16:25,130 --> 00:16:30,690
ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ fatigue wear ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ูŠุญุตู„ .. ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู€

215
00:16:30,690 --> 00:16:34,570
accumulation of microscopic damage ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง

216
00:16:34,570 --> 00:16:38,430
ุนู†ู‡ .. ุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู€ fracture ุงู„ูุชูŠุฌูŠ fracture ุฃู†ู‡

217
00:16:38,430 --> 00:16:42,590
ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตูŠุฑ if repetitive movement ุฃูˆ

218
00:16:42,590 --> 00:16:47,380
repetitive ุงู„ู€ stress ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ cartilage ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

219
00:16:47,380 --> 00:16:53,380
ุชุนู…ู„ ู„ู†ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ fatigue failure ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุคุฏูŠ ู„ู€ ุงู„ู€

220
00:16:53,380 --> 00:16:59,400
early wear and tear although the magnitude of the

221
00:16:59,400 --> 00:17:03,760
applied stress may be much less than the materials

222
00:17:03,760 --> 00:17:07,240
ultimate strength failure will occur ุทุจุนุง ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู€

223
00:17:07,240 --> 00:17:10,500
repetitive movement ุฃูˆ destruction ุงู„ู€ micro

224
00:17:10,500 --> 00:17:14,000
destruction ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ rotation and sliding

225
00:17:14,000 --> 00:17:18,100
cause the articular surface move in and out of the

226
00:17:18,100 --> 00:17:21,360
contact surface in addition to the physiological

227
00:17:21,360 --> 00:17:25,600
activities ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุจู†ูุถู„ ุฃู†ู‡

228
00:17:25,600 --> 00:17:29,680
ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ rotation ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุงุณ ุฃู†ู‡ุง

229
00:17:29,680 --> 00:17:35,260
ุฃู† ู†ูู‚ู„ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ stress ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„

230
00:17:35,260 --> 00:17:39,680
ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ physiological effect ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุชู…ุฏู‡ุง ุฃูˆ

231
00:17:39,680 --> 00:17:46,100
ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุชู€ .. ุจุชุคุฏูŠ ู„ุชู†ุณูŠุฌ ููŠ

232
00:17:46,100 --> 00:17:52,080
ุงู„ู€ failure of the collision fibers framework ูˆู‡ุฐุง

233
00:17:52,080 --> 00:17:56,800
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฑุณู… ุชูˆุถูŠุญูŠ ุจูŠูˆุถุญ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ loading

234
00:17:56,800 --> 00:18:02,760
ูˆ ูƒูŠู ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ wear and tear ูˆ ูƒูŠู

235
00:18:02,760 --> 00:18:10,670
ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ fragmentation ู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ cartilage ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงุญู†ุง

236
00:18:10,670 --> 00:18:15,050
ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ู„ู„ูŠูˆู… ู†ุดูˆููƒูˆุง ุฅู† ุดุงุก

237
00:18:15,050 --> 00:18:18,710
ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ