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ุจุณู
ุงููู ุงูุฑุญู
ู ุงูุฑุญูู
ุงูุตูุงุฉ ูุงูุณูุงู
ุนูู ุณูุฏูุง
2
00:00:02,940 --> 00:00:07,180
ู
ุญู
ุฏ ูุนูู ุขูู ูุตุญุจู ุฃุฌู
ุนูู ููุชููู
ุงูููู
ุงูู
ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
3
00:00:07,180 --> 00:00:11,400
ุงูุชุงูุชุฉ ุนู ุงู gait ููุชููู
ุนู ุงู abnormal gait
4
00:00:11,400 --> 00:00:15,620
patterns ู ููุดูู ููุด ุจูุตูุฑ ูู ุนูุฏูุง deviation ูู
5
00:00:15,620 --> 00:00:21,380
ุงู gait ู ููุด ุจูุตูุฑ ูู ุนูุฏูุง limping ุจุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ูุจูุฑุฉ
6
00:00:21,380 --> 00:00:28,420
ูู
ุดุงูู ูุชูุฑุฉ ู
ู
ูู ุฃู ุชุตูุจ ุงู gait ุฃู ู
ู
ูู ุชุชุฃุซุฑ
7
00:00:28,420 --> 00:00:32,140
ุนูู ุงู gait ูุนูู ู
ู
ูู ุชุชุฑุงูุญ ู
ู ankle sprain ุฅูู
8
00:00:32,140 --> 00:00:36,140
stroke ูุนูู ู
ู
ูู ุชููู very mild ูุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุฃูู ูุนูู ูู
9
00:00:36,140 --> 00:00:41,840
ูููู ุดููุชูุง ุฏุจูุณ ู
ุตู
ุงุฑ ุฒุงุฒุง ุฌุฑุญุชูุง ุจุฑุฌููุง ุฃู ุดููุฉ
10
00:00:41,840 --> 00:00:45,020
ูุฌุน ูู ุฎูููู ูููู ูู ุงู ..
11
00:00:51,590 --> 00:00:56,470
ุฃู ู
ู
ูู ูููู ุดูุก permanent ู ุตุนุจ ุฒูุงูู ุฒู ู
ุซูุง ุฃู
12
00:00:56,470 --> 00:01:02,430
ุตุงุจ ุงููุงุญุฏ ุจุงู stroke ุฃู ุจุงู hemiplegia ุฃู ุงู TBI
13
00:01:02,430 --> 00:01:06,530
ุฃู whatever ูุนูู ุฃู neurological deficiency ู
ู
ูู
14
00:01:07,480 --> 00:01:13,020
ุทุจุนุง ุงูู .. ุงู gait ุนูุฏูุง great variation depending
15
00:01:13,020 --> 00:01:16,060
upon the severity of the problem ุฃููุฏ ูุชุฎุชูู
16
00:01:16,060 --> 00:01:20,660
ุงูู
ุดุงูู ุงููู ู
ู
ูู ูุชุนุฑุถ ู
ููุง .. ููุง ุงูุดุฎุต ูู ุงูู
ุดู
17
00:01:20,660 --> 00:01:25,420
ู ูุชูุฌุฉ ุงูู .. ูุนูู ุทุจูุนุฉ ุงูู
ุดููุฉ ุงููู ูู ุจูุชุนุฑุถ ููุง
18
00:01:25,420 --> 00:01:28,080
ุฃู ุงูู
ุดููุฉ ุงูุตุญูุฉ ุงููู ุจูุชุนุฑุถ ููุง ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุนูู
19
00:01:28,080 --> 00:01:33,970
ุงููู ูู ุงู limbs with all causes of abnormal
20
00:01:33,970 --> 00:01:37,470
motion severity or degree of involvement will
21
00:01:37,470 --> 00:01:42,170
always result in range of variations ู
ู minor ones
22
00:01:42,170 --> 00:01:47,360
ุฅูู major ones ุนุงุฏุฉ there are many methods of
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00:01:47,360 --> 00:01:52,160
classification of abnormal gait ุงุญูุง ููุงุฎุฏ ู
ุซู ู
ู
24
00:01:52,160 --> 00:01:56,680
ูุฐู ุงูู
ุดุงูู ุงููู ู
ู
ูู ุฃู ุชุตูุจ ู ููุดูู ุงู general
25
00:01:56,680 --> 00:02:00,840
causes ููุฑูุญ ุฃูุซุฑ ุนูู ุงู general causes of
26
00:02:00,840 --> 00:02:06,540
abnormal gait ุทุจุนุง ุงุญูุง ููุฑูุญ ูุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู
ูุง muscular
27
00:02:06,540 --> 00:02:10,080
weakness ุฃู paralysis ู
ู
ูู ูููู ูู ุนูุฏูุง joint ุฃู
28
00:02:10,080 --> 00:02:13,600
muscle range of motion limitation ู
ู
ูู ูููู ุนูุฏูุง
29
00:02:13,600 --> 00:02:17,880
neurological involvement ู
ู
ูู ูููู ุนูุฏูุง pain ุฃู
30
00:02:17,880 --> 00:02:22,370
leg .. leg length discrepancy ูุฐู ุทุจุนุง ุงู major
31
00:02:22,370 --> 00:02:26,330
problems ุงููู ู
ู
ูู ุชุตูุจ ุงููุงุณ ุงููู ุชุฃุซุฑ ุนูู ุงู gait
32
00:02:26,330 --> 00:02:29,570
ุทุจุนุง ุงู amputation ูู
ุงู ุณุจุจ ู
ู
ูู ุงู artificial
33
00:02:29,570 --> 00:02:34,210
limbs ุงูู .. ุงู calfos ู ุงู aphos ู ุงูุฃุดูุงุก ูุฐู
34
00:02:34,210 --> 00:02:37,810
ุงููู ู
ู
ูู ูููู ุงูุดุฎุต ุฃุฎุฏูุง ู
ู ูุนูู ุจูุณุชุฎุฏู
ูุง ู
ู
35
00:02:37,810 --> 00:02:42,370
ุฃุฏูุงุช ู
ุซูุง ุฏู ุฃููุฏ ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุนูู ุงูู .. ุงู gait ุทุจุนุง ูุฑูุญ
36
00:02:42,370 --> 00:02:45,630
ูู muscular ูุนูู ุงูููู
ูุฑูุฒ ุนูู ูู ู
ุญุงุถุฑุชูุง ูุฐู
37
00:02:45,630 --> 00:02:49,810
ุนูู ุงู muscular weakness ุฃู paralysis ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจููุง
38
00:02:49,810 --> 00:02:53,290
ูููู
ุดุบูุฉ ุฃูู ุงุญูุง ุฅุฐุง ูู ุนูุฏูุง muscle weakness
39
00:02:53,290 --> 00:02:57,950
ููู ุงูุชุตุฑู ุงูุฌุณู
ุจูุตูุฑ ุนุดุงู ูุนูุถ ูุฐุง ุงู weakness ู
40
00:02:57,950 --> 00:03:01,350
ูููู ู
ู ุงู torque ุฃู ุนุฒู
ุงูุงุฒุฏูุงุฌ ุงูู
ุคุซุฑ ุนูู
41
00:03:01,350 --> 00:03:05,630
ุงูุญุฑูุฉ ุงููู ู
ู
ูู ูู ูุนู
ูู ูุคุซุฑ ุนูู ุงู movement
42
00:03:05,630 --> 00:03:09,610
ูุนุงุฏุฉ ุฃูู ูู
ุง ูููู ูู ุนูุฏูุง weakness ุงูุฌุณู
ุจูุนู
ู
43
00:03:09,610 --> 00:03:13,280
shifting ูุงุญูุฉ ุงู weak side ูุนูู ุจููุฏู ุงู center of
44
00:03:13,280 --> 00:03:18,460
gravity ุฏุงุฆู
ุง towards the weak side depending upon
45
00:03:18,460 --> 00:03:21,920
the cause or severity of muscle weakness can range
46
00:03:21,920 --> 00:03:25,560
from slight weakness to complete paralysis ุทุจุนุง
47
00:03:26,870 --> 00:03:29,930
ูุฎุชูู ุนูู ุญุณุจ ุงู severity ุทุจุนุง ุฅุฐุง ูุงู ุงู muscle
48
00:03:29,930 --> 00:03:32,810
ุฅุฐุง ูุงูุช weak ุฅุฐุง completely paralyzed ุจูุฎุชูู ุงู
49
00:03:32,810 --> 00:03:36,470
limping ุงููู ุจุฏู ูุตูุฑ ุฃู ุงูุนุฑุฌ ุงููู ุจุฏู ูุตูุฑ ุนูู
50
00:03:36,470 --> 00:03:40,410
ุงู lower limb ุนุงุฏุฉ ุฃู generally with muscle
51
00:03:40,410 --> 00:03:43,630
weakness the body tends to compensate by shifting
52
00:03:43,630 --> 00:03:47,270
the center of gravity over or towards the part
53
00:03:47,270 --> 00:03:49,670
that is involved ูุนูู ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูุฑูุญ ูุนูู ุฅุฐุง ุนูุฏู
54
00:03:49,670 --> 00:03:53,530
gluteus maximus ู
ุซูุง weakness ูุจูู ุจุฏู ูุฑูุญ ุงู
55
00:03:53,530 --> 00:03:57,030
center of gravity ููู ุงู gluteus maximus ุฅุฐุง ุนูุฏู
56
00:03:57,030 --> 00:04:00,670
gluteus medius ุจุฏู ุฃุฑูุญ ุนูู ุงู gluteus medius ุงู
57
00:04:00,670 --> 00:04:04,530
weak ุฅุฐุง ุนูุฏู quadriceps ุจุฏู ุฃุฑูุญ ุนูู ุจุฏู ุฃุนู
ู
58
00:04:04,530 --> 00:04:08,010
lean forward ูู
ุดู ุนูู ุฃุณุงุณ ุฅูู ูุญุท ุงู center of
59
00:04:08,010 --> 00:04:11,770
gravity ููู ุงู weak side ุนุดุงู ูููู ู
ู ุงู torque ู
ู
60
00:04:11,770 --> 00:04:14,790
ุนุฒู
ุงูุฅุฒุฏูุงุฌ ุงููู ู
ู
ูู ุฃู ุฐุฑุงุน ุงูููุฉ ุงููู ู
ู
ูู
61
00:04:14,790 --> 00:04:25,750
ู
ุคุซุฑ ุนูู ุงูุญุฑูุฉ ุจุดูู ุฃุณุงุณู ูุฐุง ูููู ุงูู
ุณูุณู
62
00:04:25,750 --> 00:04:31,990
ุงูู
ุทููุจ ู
ู ุงูุนุถูุฉ ุญุชู ุชุนู
ู ูุฐู ุงูุญุฑูุฉ ุฃู ุงู
63
00:04:31,990 --> 00:04:36,140
movement during a gait cycle Obviously, the portion of
64
00:04:36,140 --> 00:04:39,040
the gait cycle affected with the portion in which
65
00:04:39,040 --> 00:04:42,640
the muscle or joint have major role ุทุจุนุง ุฎูููุง
66
00:04:42,640 --> 00:04:47,300
ูุดูู ุงุญูุง ููุชููู
ุนู ูู
ู
ู ุนุถูุฉ ูู ุตุงุฑ ูููู
ู
ุดููุฉ
67
00:04:47,300 --> 00:04:50,360
ู ูุฏูู ุงู major muscles ุงููู ุจูููููุง contributing
68
00:04:50,360 --> 00:04:54,160
during the gait cycle ุฒู ุงู gluteus maximus ู ุงู
69
00:04:54,160 --> 00:04:58,020
gluteus medius ู ุงู quadriceps ู ุงู hamstrings ู
70
00:04:58,020 --> 00:05:00,860
ุงู ankle dorsiflexors ู ุงู triceps ู triceps
71
00:05:00,860 --> 00:05:07,020
ูุนูู ุดูุก ู
ูู
ููุชููู
ุนู ูู ุนุถูุงุช ุงููู ูููู
ุง ูุฑูุญ
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ู rock horse gait ูุนูู ููุง ููููู ุจูุชููู
ุนู
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weakness of the gluteus maximus ุณู
ููู gluteus
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maximus gait ุทุจุนุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ูู
ุง ุงุญูุง ุจูู
ุดู ุจููููุด
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ุฑุงุฌุนูู ุธูุฑูุง ููุฑุง ู
ุง ูุญุชุงุฌุด ุฃู ููุฏู ุงู center of the
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gravity ุชุจุนูุง ููุฑุง ููู ููุง ุงุญูุง ู
ุถุทุฑูู ูุฃูู ุนูุฏูุง
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ุงู gluteus maximus ุถุนููุฉ ูุฃูุง ุจุฏู ุฃูุฏู ุงู center
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of the gravity ุฃู ุจุฏู ุฃูุฏู ุงู weight ููุฑุง ุงู
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gluteus maximus ุนุณู ุณุฃููู ุงู torque ููุง this will
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shift the body posteriorly over the gluteus
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maximus movement moving in a line of force
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posterior to the hip ุจููุฏู ุงู line of force ุจุฏู
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ูุตูุฑ ูุฑุง ุงู hip ุงู with the foot in contact with
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the floor ุฒู ู
ุง ุงุญูุง ุดุงูููู requires ูุงุฒุงู strength
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to maintain the hip in extension during stance
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phase ุทุจุนุง this shifting ุจุชุณู
ู ุงู rock horse ูุนูู
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00:06:04,360 --> 00:06:08,040
ุงูุญุตุงู ุงูุฎุดุจ ุงููุฒุงุฒ ููู ุงุญูุง ูู
ุง ุงููุงุญุฏ ุจูุฒ ุจูุฑูุญ
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ูุฏุงู
ู ูุฑุง ูุฏุงู
ู ูุฑุง ูุฏุงู
ู ูุฑุง because of the
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00:06:11,700 --> 00:06:16,720
extreme backward forward movement of the trunk ูุนูู
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00:06:16,720 --> 00:06:20,520
ุทูู ู
ุง ูู ู
ุงุดู ูู ุจูุฑุฌุญ ุจุฏูู ููุฑุงู ู ุทุจุนุง ุงุญูุง ูุง
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ุตุจุงูุง ูู ุงู movement ุงู abnormal gait ุญุชู ุงู
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normal gait ุฃูุง ููุฒู ููู
ูุง ูู ููุฏูููุงุช ุฎุงุตุฉ ูุญุทูุง ุฅู
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ุดุงุก ุงููู ุนูู ุงู model ุนุดุงู ุชุชุนุฑููุง ุนูู ุงู normal
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gait ู ุงู abnormal gait ุงุญูุง ููุดุฑุญูุง ุดุฑูุญุฉ ููู
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ูุชููู ู
ูุถุญุฉ ูููุง ูู ููุฏูููุงุช ุฎุงุตุฉ ุงููู ูุชูุญุท ุนูู
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ุงู model ุฅู ุดุงุก ุงููู ุทุจุนุง ููุง ุงูู
ูุฑูุถ ุฃูู ุนูู ุงู
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powerpoint ุงููู ูุนู
ููู
ูู ุฃูู ููุชุญ ุงูู .. ุงู video
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ุจุณ ูุง ุงุจูู ูุฃูู ููุง ุจุงูุนุฑุถ ู
ุง .. ู
ุด ููุธุจุท ู
ุนูุงู
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ุฃูุง ุจุฏู ุฃุญุงูู ุฃูู
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ุฃ .. ุฃุทูุน ู
ู ุงูู .. ุฃุญุงูู ุฃูุชุญ ุงู video ุฅู ุดุงุก ุงููู
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ูุง ุฑุจ ูุธุจุท
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Gluteus Maximus Gate. During mid stance, the
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ipsilateral hip must be maintained in extension or
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the trunk would collapse forward. If there is
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00:07:34,250 --> 00:07:37,230
weakness of the Gluteus Maximus muscle, the
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00:07:37,230 --> 00:07:39,730
patient is required to thrust the trunk
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posteriorly resulting in an extensor lurch or
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Gluteus Maximus Gate.
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ุทุจุนุง ุจูุฑุฌุน ุงุญูุง ูู
ุญุงุถุฑุชูุง ุงู powerpoint ูููุฑุฃ
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00:08:07,920 --> 00:08:13,120
ููุฑูุญ ูู gluteus medius gait ุงูุดุฎุต ุจุฏู ูุฑูุญ over the
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00:08:13,120 --> 00:08:16,180
affected side during the stance phase ุจูุฒูุฏ ุงุญูุง ุงุญูุง
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00:08:16,180 --> 00:08:21,260
ุดุงูููู ุฃู ุงู gluteus medius ุงููู ุนูู ุงู left side
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00:08:21,260 --> 00:08:26,440
ูู ุงู weak ุงููู ููุง ูุงูุดุฎุต ุจุฏู ูุฑูุญ ูู ู
ุงุดู ููุฑูุญ ุนูู
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ุงููุงุญูุฉ ุงููุณุงุฑ ูู ูุฐุง ุงู figure ุงู left gluteus
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medius is weak causing two things to happen ุฃูู
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ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจูุฒูุฏ ุงู lean over the left leg during stance phase
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of the left leg ููู
ุงู ุงู right side of the pelvic
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ุจุฏู ููุฒู ููุง ุจูุตูุฑ ูููุง drop ุงููู ุงุญูุง ููุง ุงุชููู
ูุง
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00:08:47,770 --> 00:08:50,610
ุนููุง ูู
ุง ุงุชููู
ูุง ุนู ุงู gait terminal ูู ุงูู
ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
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00:08:50,610 --> 00:08:55,130
ุงูุณุงุจูุฉ ุงููู trended in gait ูุจูู ููุง ุจูุตูุฑ ูู
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ุนูุฏูุง drop when the right leg leaves the ground
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and begins swing fast ุจูุตูุฑ ูุฐู ุงูุฑุฌู ููุง ุงู hip
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00:09:03,350 --> 00:09:07,950
ุจููุฒู ูุชุญุช ู ูู
ุงู ุงูุฌุณู
ููู ุจูุฑูุญ ุนูู ุงููุงุญูุฉ
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ุงููุณุงุฑ do not confuse this with normal amount of
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00:09:12,690 --> 00:09:14,810
dipping ุทุจุนุง ุฃู ุงููู ุงุญูุง ุงุชููู
ูุง ุนููุง ูู ุงู gait
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determinant ูู ุทุจูุนูุฉ ุจุณ ูู
ุง ูุตูุฑ ูู ุนูุฏูุง drop
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ูุชูุฑ ูุงุญูุง ุจูุฏุฎู ุนูู ุงู abnormal gain ุฎูููุง ูุดูู ู
ุน
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ุจุนุถ ุงูููุฏูู ุฅู ุดุงุก ุงููู ููุชุญ abductor lurch or
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00:09:28,690 --> 00:09:33,210
gluteus medius gait during mid stance the
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00:09:33,210 --> 00:09:35,650
abductor muscles about the hip on the weight
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bearing side must contract to prevent the opposite
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00:09:38,850 --> 00:09:42,530
pelvis from tilting down excessively this
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00:09:42,530 --> 00:09:45,830
increases the pressure across the hip joint to
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00:09:45,830 --> 00:09:49,580
more than that of just body weight ููู
ูู ุฃู ููุชุฌ
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00:09:49,580 --> 00:09:54,800
ุตุนูุจุฉ ุฃูุซุฑ ูู ูุฌูุฉ ุงูููุจูุทูููุฉ ุญูู ุงูููุจ ูุฃู
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ููู
ุจูุณ ูุงู ูุงุฏุฑ ุนูู ุชุญุณูู ุทูููุฉ ุนูู ููุงูุชูุ ูู
ูู
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ุฃู ูุชุญุฑู ุฃุญุฏูู
ู
ุฑูุฒ ุงูููุฉ ุนูู ู
ุฌูุฏ ุงูููุจูุท ููุญุณู
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00:10:03,820 --> 00:10:08,940
ู
ูุถูุน ุฌุณุฏู ุนูู ู
ุฌูุฏ ุญุฌู
ุฑุฃุณ ุงูููุจูุทุ ุจุฐูู ูุชุฎูุต ู
ู
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00:10:08,940 --> 00:10:13,100
ุงูุญุงุฌุฉ ูุชุญุณูู ุงูู
ุฌูุฏ ูุงูุชูููู ู
ู ุงูููุฉ ุงููุงู
ูุฉ ุนูู
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00:10:13,100 --> 00:10:18,520
ุงูููุจ ูุฐุง ููุชูู ูู ุชุบููุฑ ุงูุฌูุฏ ุงูุนููู ุฃูุซุฑ ู
ู 1
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00:10:18,520 --> 00:10:23,220
ุฅูุด ููุนุฑู ูู Abductor Lurch ุฃู Gluteus Medius Gap
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ุฎุณุงุฑุฉ
143
00:10:26,420 --> 00:10:30,700
ุนู
ููุฉ ุนู
ููุฉ ุนู
ููุฉ Gluteus Medius ู
ุซููุง ูู ุงูููููู
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00:10:30,700 --> 00:10:32,120
ุฃู ุนู
ููุฉ ุนู
ููุฉ ุนู
ููุฉ ุนู
ููุฉ ุนู
ููุฉ ุนู
ููุฉ ุนู
ููุฉ ุนู
ููุฉ
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00:10:32,120 --> 00:10:32,700
ุนู
ููุฉ ุนู
ููุฉ ุนู
ููุฉ ุนู
ููุฉ ุนู
ููุฉ ุนู
ููุฉ ุนู
ููุฉ ุนู
ููุฉ
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00:10:32,700 --> 00:10:34,340
ุนู
ููุฉ ุนู
ููุฉ ุนู
ููุฉ ุนู
ููุฉ ุนู
ููุฉ ุนู
ููุฉ ุนู
ููุฉ ุนู
ููุฉ
147
00:10:34,340 --> 00:10:37,560
ุนู
ููุฉ ุนู
ููุฉ ุนู
ููุฉ ุนู
ููุฉ ุนู
ููุฉ ุนู
ููุฉ ุนู
ููุฉ ุนู
ููุฉ
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00:10:37,560 --> 00:10:37,820
ุนู
ููุฉ ุนู
ููุฉ ุนู
ููุฉ ุนู
ููุฉ ุนู
ููุฉ ุนู
ููุฉ ุนู
ููุฉ ุนู
ููุฉ
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00:10:37,820 --> 00:10:43,280
ุนู
ููุฉ ุนู
ููุฉ ุนู
ู
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00:10:43,800 --> 00:10:49,820
ุงูุดุฎุต ูุนุชู
ุฏ ุนูู ู
ูุชุงุญ ุชุฑูุฏุงูููุจูุฑุช ุจุฏููุง
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00:10:49,820 --> 00:10:53,040
ู
ู ุชุฑูุจ ุงูุฌูุฏ ูุงูุฌูุฏ ูุชุญุฑู ู
ู ุงูุฌุฏุฑุงู ุนูู ุงูุฌุฏุฑุงู
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00:10:53,040 --> 00:10:57,860
ูู ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงูุชุฌุงุฑุจ ูู ู
ูุชุงุญ ุชุฑูุฏุงูููุจูุฑุช ุงูุดุฎุต ูุณู
ุญ
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00:10:57,860 --> 00:11:01,680
ุจุฌูุฏ ุงูุฌูุฏ ุนูู ุงูุฌุงูุจ ุงูุนูุณู ููู ุงูุฌุงูุจ ุงูู
ุชุณูุณู
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00:11:01,680 --> 00:11:07,180
ููุชุณูุณู ุจุดูู ูุจูุฑ ุชุญุช ุงูููุฑุฒุงูุชุงู ูุฌุนูู ูุฑูุน ุฅูู
155
00:11:07,180 --> 00:11:09,180
ู
ูุชุงุญ ุชุฑูุฏุงูููุจูุฑุช
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00:11:25,670 --> 00:11:29,070
ููู
ู ุทุจุนูุง ูู
ุง ูููู ูู ุนูุฏูุง weakness ูู ุงู
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00:11:29,070 --> 00:11:33,510
quadriceps muscle ูู ุนูุฏูุง different compensatory
158
00:11:33,510 --> 00:11:38,030
mechanism depending upon whether only quadriceps
159
00:11:38,030 --> 00:11:42,110
are weak ููุง if ุฃููู weakness ูู ูู ุงู extremity
160
00:11:42,110 --> 00:11:47,510
ู
ุซููุง ุฃู ูู ุนูุฏูุง ู
ุดุงูู ูู ุงูุนุถูุงุช ุฅุฐุง ูุงูุช ูู
161
00:11:47,510 --> 00:11:50,950
quadriceps ููู ุงููู ุจูุตูุฑ ูุนูู ูู
ูู ุงุญูุง ุจุชุดูููุง
162
00:11:50,950 --> 00:11:54,450
ุจุชูุงุญุธูุง ูู ุจุนุถ ุงููุงุณ ุงููู ุนูุฏูู
polyomyelitis ูู
ุง
163
00:11:54,450 --> 00:11:58,330
ุจูุจูู ู
ุงุดู ุจูุดู ุฏุงุฆู
ูุง ุจูู
ุดู ู ุจุญุท ุงูุฏู ุนูู ุฑูุจุชู
164
00:11:58,330 --> 00:12:02,150
ูุจูู ู ุฏู quadriceps weakness ูุงูุฏููุฏูููุงู ู
ุงูููู
165
00:12:02,450 --> 00:12:06,230
The body forward over the quadriceps muscle at the
166
00:12:06,230 --> 00:12:09,950
early part of stance phase ูุฐุง ุงู weight ุจุฏู ูุตูุฑ
167
00:12:09,950 --> 00:12:14,450
shifted on the stance leg ุงู weight ุจุฏู ูุฌู ุนูู
168
00:12:14,450 --> 00:12:20,430
ุงูุฑุฌู ุงููู ูู ุงูุณููู
ุฉ ุงููู ุนูู ุงู stance phase
169
00:12:20,430 --> 00:12:24,290
ุนุดุงู ูุตูุฑ ุงู center of gravity ูุฏุงู
ููุธู ู
ุญุงูุธ
170
00:12:24,290 --> 00:12:27,690
ุนูู ุงููู ูู ุจูุถู ุงู center of gravity ูุฑุง ููุง
171
00:12:27,690 --> 00:12:32,650
ูุจุชุตูุฑ club ูุนูู ุจุชุตูุฑ ูุฃูู ุงู .. ุงูุฑุฌู ุจุฏูุง ุชูุชูู
172
00:12:32,650 --> 00:12:36,050
buckling ุจูุณู
ููุง ุจูุตูุฑ ุจุฏูุง ุชูุชูู ุชุญุชู ููู ุจูุฌูุจ
173
00:12:36,050 --> 00:12:40,290
ุงู center of gravity ูุฏุงู
ุนุดุงู ูุถููุง ุงู leg ููุง ุจ
174
00:12:40,290 --> 00:12:44,580
extension Normally at this time, the line of force
175
00:12:44,580 --> 00:12:47,940
falls behind the knee. Required quadriceps action
176
00:12:47,940 --> 00:12:51,220
to keep the knee from buckling. ุฅูุด ุงู buckling ุฅูู
177
00:12:51,220 --> 00:12:56,020
ูุตูุฑ ููู ูุฑูุตุงุก ุฃู ูุตูุฑ ููู ุซูู ุนูู ุงูุฑูุจุฉ By
178
00:12:56,020 --> 00:13:00,080
leaning forward of the hip, center of gravity,
179
00:13:00,600 --> 00:13:05,110
shift forward ุจูุตูุฑ ุงู line of force ูู ูุฏุงู
in
180
00:13:05,110 --> 00:13:08,310
front of the knee this will force the knee
181
00:13:08,310 --> 00:13:12,350
backward into extension ุทุจุนูุง in addition the
182
00:13:12,350 --> 00:13:16,870
person may physically push on the anterior thigh
183
00:13:16,870 --> 00:13:19,430
during stance with holding the knee in extension
184
00:13:19,430 --> 00:13:23,410
ูุนูู ูู ุจูุฑูุฒูุง ูุนูู ูู ุจุฎุจุท ุงูุฏู ูุฏู ุนูู ููู
185
00:13:23,410 --> 00:13:27,990
ุงูุฑูุจุฉ ุนุดุงู ุงูุฑูุจุฉ ุชุธู ูู extension ุจูุฑุฏ ุฑุฌูู ูุนูู
186
00:13:27,990 --> 00:13:30,410
ูุดูู ุงูููุฏูู ู
ุน ุจุนุถ
187
00:13:38,010 --> 00:13:41,510
Quadriceps weakness. At the time of heel strike,
188
00:13:41,870 --> 00:13:45,370
the knee is normally in full extension. If there
189
00:13:45,370 --> 00:13:48,070
is quadriceps weakness, thus not allowing the
190
00:13:48,070 --> 00:13:51,130
patient to maintain knee extension, the patient
191
00:13:51,130 --> 00:13:53,910
may attempt to push on the thigh in order to
192
00:13:53,910 --> 00:13:55,610
extend and lock the knee
193
00:14:12,360 --> 00:14:15,340
ุงููู
ุณุชุฑูุฌุฒ ุงููู
ุณุชุฑูุฌุฒ ููุง ุฒู ู
ุง ุงุญูุง ุดุงููููู ูููู
194
00:14:15,340 --> 00:14:18,040
ููู weakness ูู ุงููู
ุณุชุฑูุฌุฒ ุจุณ ูู ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู
ูุง generic
195
00:14:18,040 --> 00:14:22,900
of atom ุจุชุตูุฑ ุงูุฑุฌู ููุงููุง ูู hyper extension if
196
00:14:22,900 --> 00:14:26,600
hamstring are weak two things may happen during
197
00:14:26,600 --> 00:14:30,540
swing phase the knee will go into excessive hyper
198
00:14:30,540 --> 00:14:36,050
extension Sometimes referred to as Genu recurvatum
199
00:14:36,050 --> 00:14:40,050
again ูุฃู ููุง ุฅูุด ุงููู ุจูุตูุฑ during the
200
00:14:40,050 --> 00:14:45,590
deceleration ุชุจุน ุงู swing phase ุฅูุด ุงููู ุจูุตูุฑ ุฅู
201
00:14:45,590 --> 00:14:49,450
ุงููู
ุณุชุฑูุฌ ุงูู
ูุฑูุถ ุชุนู
ู slow down ูู swing ุจุชููู ู
ู
202
00:14:49,450 --> 00:14:54,800
ุงู snapping ู
ู ุฃู ุงูุฑุฌู ุชุจูู ููู ุชุฑุท ูุนูู ุชุฎุจุท ูุฏู
203
00:14:54,800 --> 00:15:00,100
ููุฏุงู
ูุฅูู ุงููู ุจูุตูุฑ ุฅู ุงู hamstring weak ู
ุด
204
00:15:00,100 --> 00:15:04,300
ูุงุฏุฑุฉ ุชุนู
ู control ุนูู ุงู knee extension ู ุชู
ูุน ุงู
205
00:15:04,300 --> 00:15:08,360
snapping ูุจุชุตูุฑ ุจุงูุดูู ุงููู ุงุญูุง ุดุงููููู ูุฐุง
206
00:15:09,690 --> 00:15:14,450
weakness of the ankle dorsiflexors ุทุจุนูุง ููุง ูุนูู
207
00:15:14,450 --> 00:15:18,650
ูููุง ุจูุนุฑู ุนู ุงู drop foot ุจุณ ุทุจุนูุง ููุง ุงู ankle
208
00:15:18,650 --> 00:15:23,130
dorsiflexors ูุซูุฑ ู
ูู
ุฉ ูู ุงู stance phase ู mainly
209
00:15:23,130 --> 00:15:26,350
ูู ุงู heel strike ุญุชู ูู ุงู heel strike ูู ูู
210
00:15:26,350 --> 00:15:32,350
ุงูู
ุฑุงุญู ุชูุฑูุจูุง ุงู stance phase ูุงุฒู
ูููู ูู ุฏูุฑ ูู
211
00:15:32,350 --> 00:15:37,330
ankle dorsiflexors ุทุจ ููุง ุฅุฐุง ูุงู ูู ุนูุฏู
212
00:15:37,330 --> 00:15:40,910
insufficient strength ูุนูู ูู ุนูุฏู ุฃูุง ูู ุถุนููุฉ
213
00:15:40,910 --> 00:15:46,410
ููู ูุนูู ู
ุด ูููุฉ enough ุฅู ูู ุชุนู
ูู ุงู control ุนูู
214
00:15:46,410 --> 00:15:51,790
ุงู .. ุนูู ุงู foot .. ูุชุฎูู ุงูุฃูู ูู neutral
215
00:15:51,790 --> 00:15:55,690
position If there is insufficient strength to move
216
00:15:55,690 --> 00:15:58,570
the ankle into dorsiflexion at the beginning of
217
00:15:58,570 --> 00:16:02,970
stance phase, the foot will land fairly flat on
218
00:16:02,970 --> 00:16:03,370
the floor
219
00:16:13,110 --> 00:16:17,450
muscle of the .. of the ankle dorsiflexors ุงููู ูู
220
00:16:17,450 --> 00:16:21,850
ุงู tibialis anterior ููุฃ ุจูุฒู ุงูุดุฎุต ุจุงู foot ูุงู
ูุฉ
221
00:16:21,850 --> 00:16:26,370
ุนูู ุงูุฃุฑุถ ุฅุฐุง ูุงูุด ูู ุนูุฏูุง ankle dorsiflexors
222
00:16:26,370 --> 00:16:32,150
ุจูุตูุฑ ููู ุฅูู ุงูุดุฎุต ุจููุฒู ุฑุฌูู ุจุงู toes ูุนูู ุจูููู
223
00:16:32,150 --> 00:16:36,730
ูู ุนูุฏู equinus ุจูุณู
ูู equinus gait ูุนูู ุฅู ู
ุงููุด
224
00:16:36,730 --> 00:16:41,430
ุฅู
ูุงููุฉ ุฅููุง ุชุฎูู ุงูุฑุฌู ุจ neutral position ุฃู ุญุชู
225
00:16:41,430 --> 00:16:47,440
ุจุดููุฉ slight dorsiflexion ูููุฒู ุงูุฑุฌู ุจุฑูุณ ุงูุฃุตุงุจุน
226
00:16:47,440 --> 00:16:51,840
ูุนูู ุจุฏู ู
ุง ููุฒู ุจุงูููู ุจูุฒู ุจุฑูุณ ุงูุฃุตุงุจุน
227
00:16:54,560 --> 00:17:00,700
weak ankle dorsiflexors may not be able to support
228
00:17:00,700 --> 00:17:04,820
the body weight ู
ุง ุจุชูุฏุฑ ุชุชุญู
ู ุงููุถุน ุจุนุฏ
229
00:17:04,820 --> 00:17:09,020
ุงููููุณุชุฑุงูู ูุงููู ุจูุตูุฑ ุฅูู ุงูุฑุฌู ุจุชูุฒู ุจุชุฒูู ุฒู
230
00:17:09,020 --> 00:17:12,960
ููู ูุนูู ูู ู
ุง ุจูู
ุดู ุจูู
ุดู ููุฃูู ุฑุฌูู ุจุชุฒูู ุนูู
231
00:17:12,960 --> 00:17:19,430
ุงูุฃุฑุถ ุจูุทุจ ูู ุงูุฃุฑุถ ุจูุฐุง ุงูุดูู ูุจูู ููุง ู
ุง ุจุชุตูุฑ ุนูุง
232
00:17:19,430 --> 00:17:22,730
ุนูู ุทูู ุจุชูุฒู ุงู heel strike ู ุจุชูุฒู ุงูุฃุฌุฑ ุนูู
233
00:17:22,730 --> 00:17:27,650
ุงูุฃุฑุถ ู
ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ูุจุณู
ููุง foot slap ุฃู
ุง ูู ุงู swing
234
00:17:27,650 --> 00:17:33,890
phase ุทุจุนูุง ุงูุฑุฌู ูุงุฒู
ูุชุตูุฑ ูู ุนูุฏูุง hip flexion ู knee
235
00:17:33,890 --> 00:17:37,650
flexion ููู
ุงู ูุตูุฑ ูู ุนูุฏูุง ankle dorsiflexion ุฃู
236
00:17:37,650 --> 00:17:40,790
ุนูู ุงูุฃูู ุงู neutral position ุนุดุงู ุชุฑุชูุน ุงูุฑุฌู ุนู
237
00:17:40,790 --> 00:17:46,690
ุงูุฃุฑุถ ูู
ุง ุชุดุญุชุด ุงูุฑุฌุงู ุดุญุช ุฃู ุงููู ูู ุฃุตุงุจุน
238
00:17:46,690 --> 00:17:51,580
ุงูุฑุฌููู ู
ุง ุชุดุญุชูุด ู
ุนุงูุง ุดุญุช ุนูู ุงูุฃุฑุถ ูุฅูุด ุจุชุถุทุฑ
239
00:17:51,580 --> 00:17:56,220
ุงูุดุฎุต ุฅูู ูุฒูุฏ ุงู hip ู ุงู knee flexion ูุจุงูุชุงูู
240
00:17:56,220 --> 00:18:00,780
ุจูุณู
ู ูุฃูู ุจุฏู ูุทูุน ุณูู
ุฉ ูุนูู ุจุฏู ูุทูุน ุนูู ุงูุฏุฑุฌุฉ
241
00:18:00,780 --> 00:18:04,680
ููุง ูู ูุฐู ุจูุณู
ู ุงุญูุง ูุฐุง ุงูุดุฎุต ุนูุฏู drop foot ู
242
00:18:04,680 --> 00:18:09,480
ุงู .. ู ููู ุจูู
ุดู ุจูู
ุดู ุจ stepage gait ููุด ูุณู
ู
243
00:18:09,480 --> 00:18:12,980
stepage gait ูู ูุฃูู ุจูุฑูุน ุฑุฌูู ููุฃูู ุจุฏู ู ..
244
00:18:13,280 --> 00:18:18,340
ุจุชูุฌู ุฎุทูุฉ ุฃู ุจุฏู ูุทูุน ุณููู
ุฉ ุทุจุนูุง ูู ุฑูุญูุง ูู
245
00:18:18,340 --> 00:18:23,720
triceps surae muscle ุฃู ุงู gastrocnemius ุงููู ูู ุงู
246
00:18:23,720 --> 00:18:27,220
calf muscle ุฅุฐุง ูุงูุช weak ู
ุนูุงู ุฅูู ุงุญูุง ูู ู
ุฑุญูุฉ
247
00:18:27,220 --> 00:18:31,920
ุงู push off ุงููู ุจุชุชููู ู
ู ุงู toe off ููุง ุจุชููู
248
00:18:31,920 --> 00:18:37,380
ูููุง ู
ุดููุฉ ู
ุง ุจููุฏุฑ ุงูุดุฎุต ุฅูู ููุฏุฑ ูููู ุงู stance
249
00:18:37,380 --> 00:18:43,780
phase ุจุงู push off ูุฅูุด ุงููู ุจูุตูุฑ ุฅููุง ุจุชููู ุจููุตุฑ
250
00:18:43,780 --> 00:18:49,780
ุงู step ูุนูู ุจูุทูุน ู
ู ุงู mid distance ููุฑูุง ูู ุจูุฑูุญ
251
00:18:49,780 --> 00:18:54,660
ุฑุงูุน ุฑุฌูู ูุจุชูุตุฑ ุงู step ุนูุฏู ุนูู ุงู unaffected
252
00:18:54,660 --> 00:18:57,740
leg ูุนูู ุงูุฑุฌู ุงูุณููู
ุฉ ุงู step ุจุชุจุนุชูุง ูุฅู ูู
253
00:18:57,740 --> 00:19:03,340
ู
ุงุจููุฏุฑ ูุฑูุน ุฑุฌูู ุจุฑุงุญุชู ุนูู ุงูุฑุฌู ุงูู
ุตุงุจุฉ ูุฐุง
254
00:19:03,340 --> 00:19:07,720
ุจูููู ุจูุณู
ูู sore foot limb ุฃู ุงููู ูู ุงู pain ูู
255
00:19:07,720 --> 00:19:12,370
ุงู leg ูู ูุฏู ุจุชุตูุฑ ูู ุงู .. ุงู machine ูุนูู ูู
ุง
256
00:19:12,370 --> 00:19:15,470
ุชููู ุงููุงุญุฏ ุฑุฌูู ุจุชูุฌุนู ุจูู
ุดู ุจูุงุฏู ุจููุณ ุงูุทุฑููุฉ
257
00:19:15,470 --> 00:19:21,530
ุฃูู ุจูุฃุซุฑ ุงููุทูุน ุนูู ุงูุฑุฌุงู ุงูุณููู
ุฉ although this
258
00:19:21,530 --> 00:19:29,030
gait is noticeable on level ground ุนุงุฏุฉ becomes
259
00:19:29,030 --> 00:19:33,910
most pronounced ุจูุจูู ุฃูุชุฑ ูู
ุง ูุจูู ุงููุงุญุฏ ุทุงูุน
260
00:19:33,910 --> 00:19:39,410
ุนูู ุทูุนุฉ ูุฅู ูู ู
ุด ูุงุฏุฑ ูุนู
ู ุงู toe off ุฃู ุงู
261
00:19:39,410 --> 00:19:45,130
push off ูุฑูุญ ูุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู
ูุง waddling gait commonly
262
00:19:45,130 --> 00:19:49,350
seen with muscular dystrophy ู
ุดุงูู ุงู weakness ูู
ุง
263
00:19:49,350 --> 00:19:52,290
ูููู ููู ุงููุง general weakness ูู ุงูุนุถูุงุช ุงูุดุฑุทุฉ
264
00:19:52,290 --> 00:19:57,150
ุจุช ุงูุฌุณู
ูููุง ุฃู diffuse weakness of many muscle
265
00:19:57,150 --> 00:20:00,270
groups ูุนูู ูุงูุฃุฏุง ู
ุด ุนุถูุฉ ู
ุญุฏุฏุฉ ูู ุงู waddling
266
00:20:00,270 --> 00:20:04,670
gait ูููู ู
ุนุธู
ุงูุนุถูุงุช ุจูููู ูููุง weakness ุฎุงุตุฉ
267
00:20:04,670 --> 00:20:07,270
ุงููุงุณ ุงููู ุจูููู ุนูุฏูู
ุงู myopathies ุฒู ุงูุฏุดู
268
00:20:07,270 --> 00:20:13,280
ูุบูุฑู ู
ู ู
ุดุงูู ุงูุนุถูุงุช ููุง ุงู person who stands
269
00:20:13,280 --> 00:20:17,040
with the shoulders behind ุฒู ู
ุง ููุง ู ูุฃูู ุนูุฏู
270
00:20:17,040 --> 00:20:22,680
bilateral gluteus maximus weakness ู ุจููู ู
ุฑูุฒ
271
00:20:22,680 --> 00:20:27,490
ู
ุญู
ู ุนูู ุงู iliofemoral ligament of the hip ูุนูู
272
00:20:27,490 --> 00:20:31,450
ุจูุจูู ูุงูู ุนูู ุงู iliofemoral ligament ูุนุงุฏุฉ ุงููุงุณ
273
00:20:31,450 --> 00:20:35,050
ุงููู ุจูููู ุนูุฏูู
paraparesis ุจูู
ุดูู ุจูุฐู ุงูุทุฑููุฉ
274
00:20:35,050 --> 00:20:38,710
there is increased lumbar lordosis ูุทุจุนุง ูู ุนูุฏูุง
275
00:20:38,710 --> 00:20:41,590
pelvic instability ูู ุนูุฏูุง bilateral
276
00:20:41,590 --> 00:20:46,230
Trendelenburg sign ูุนูู ุจูููู ุนูู ุงููุงุญูุชูู ูู
277
00:20:46,230 --> 00:20:50,340
ุนูุฏู ูู
ุงู weakness ูู ุจูู
ูู ุนู ุงููู
ูู ู ุจูู
ูู ุนูู
278
00:20:50,340 --> 00:20:55,460
ุงููุณุงุฑ little or no reciprocal pelvis and trunk
279
00:20:55,460 --> 00:20:59,920
rotation occurs ูู ุงู swing phase ู swing leg
280
00:20:59,920 --> 00:21:05,970
forward ูู ุงูุฑุฌู ุจุชูุฌู ุจุชูุดุงูู ูุฃูู ุจูุญุฏุซ ูููุง ุญุฏุซ
281
00:21:05,970 --> 00:21:10,030
ูุนูู ุจูุดูู ุฑุฌููู ู ุจูุญุฏุซ ูููุง ุญุฏุซ ูููุง ุจูุตูุฑ ูููุง
282
00:21:10,030 --> 00:21:16,750
swinging forward ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูููู ููุด ุนูุฏูู
ุงู right
283
00:21:16,750 --> 00:21:21,530
swing forward ุงู right arm ุจุชู
ุดู ู
ุนุงูุง ูุนูู ุนูุฏูุง
284
00:21:22,430 --> 00:21:26,970
ูู ุงู normally ุงุญูุง ุจูููู right arm ู
ุน left leg ู
285
00:21:26,970 --> 00:21:32,130
left .. ู left arm ู
ุน right leg ููู ููุง ุจูููู ูุฃ ุงู
286
00:21:32,130 --> 00:21:36,990
right arm ุจุชู
ุดู .. ุจุชูุญุฏุซ ู
ุน ุงู .. ุงู right leg ู
287
00:21:36,990 --> 00:21:42,390
ุงู left arm ู
ุน ุงู left leg and add this to the
288
00:21:42,390 --> 00:21:45,590
axis of the trunk plane of Trendelenburg ุนูู
289
00:21:45,590 --> 00:21:49,470
ุงููู
ูู ู ูููุณุงุฑ ูุฃูู ุจูููู ุนูุฏูุง bilaterally ุงู
290
00:21:49,470 --> 00:21:58,340
gait bilaterally ุงู waddling gait ุทุจุนุง ุจูููู
291
00:21:58,340 --> 00:22:02,240
ูุงุถุญ ููู
ุงู ู
ู
ูู ูููู ูู ุนูุฏูุง stepage .. stepage
292
00:22:02,240 --> 00:22:06,640
gait ูุนูู ุดูู waddling gait ู stepage .. ุงู waddling
293
00:22:06,640 --> 00:22:08,700
gait ุจุฏู ูููู ูู ุนูุฏูุง bilateral, tendinum,
294
00:22:08,760 --> 00:22:12,560
tendonitis ู stepage gait ูููุด ุนูุฏูุง ุงู reciprocal
295
00:22:12,560 --> 00:22:16,510
R movement ู
ุน ุงู lower .. ู
ุน ุงู lower limb ู ูู
296
00:22:16,510 --> 00:22:19,710
ุนูุฏูุง excess of the trunk ููุฑุง ุจูููู ู
ุญููู ุนูู
297
00:22:19,710 --> 00:22:23,170
ุงูุจุณุชูุฑู ูู ุนูุฏูุง lordosis ูู ุนูุฏูุง instability
298
00:22:23,170 --> 00:22:26,630
ุทุจุนุง ุงููุง ุฏู ูู ููุฏูู ููููู ูุงุถุญ ุงู ุดุงุก ุงููู ูู
299
00:22:26,630 --> 00:22:31,610
ููุงูุฉ ู
ุญุงุถุฑุงุชูุง ูู bio mechanics ููุฒูููู
ูุง ููุฏูู
300
00:22:31,610 --> 00:22:35,980
ุฑุงุฆุน ุฃูุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุฎุชู
ููู ููู
ุญุงุถุฑุงุช ุงู bio mechanic ู
301
00:22:35,980 --> 00:22:40,080
ุจููู ุชูุฑูุจุง ูู ุนูุฏูุง ุงุญุชูุงููุฉ ูู ููุงูุฉ ู
ุญุงุถุฑุงุชูุง ู
302
00:22:40,080 --> 00:22:44,120
ููุง ูุชู
ูู ุฃู ูููู ุงูุชุนููู
ู ุฌุงููุฉ ุนุดุงู ุชููู ูุนูู
303
00:22:44,120 --> 00:22:49,340
ู
ู ุงูู
ุญุงุถุฑุงุช ุงููู ูู ูุชูุฑ ูููุง fun ู ูููุง .. ูููุง
304
00:22:49,340 --> 00:22:52,880
ุนูู
ูุนูู ูุชูุฑ ุฑุงุฆุน ุฃูุง ุจุตุฑุงุญุฉ ุจุญุจ ุงู bio mechanic
305
00:22:52,880 --> 00:22:59,940
ู ุจุญุจ ุงููุงุณ ุงููู ุจุชุญุจ ุงู bio mechanic ูู
ุงู ุทูุจ
306
00:22:59,940 --> 00:23:01,860
ูุดูู ุงูููุฏูู ูุฐุง
307
00:23:11,610 --> 00:23:12,490
ุงูุฌุงู
ุนุงุช
308
00:23:39,320 --> 00:23:42,400
ุฒู ู
ุง ุฃูุชู ุดุงูููู typical waddling gait
309
00:24:36,510 --> 00:24:40,950
ูุจููู ุงุญูุง ุจูููู ูุตููุง ูููุงูุฉ ู
ุญุงุถุฑุชูุง ููููู
ุงู ุดุงุก
310
00:24:40,950 --> 00:24:44,750
ุงููู ุชุจูู ู
ุนุงูุง ู
ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ูุงุญุฏุฉ ููุชููู
ูููุง ุนู ุงู
311
00:24:44,750 --> 00:24:47,330
limitation of a joint
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