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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Orca Basin'
The Orca Basin is a mid-slope, silled, | The Orca Basin is a mid-slope, silled, marine basin located on the northern coast of British Columbia, Canada. It is bounded to the north by the Queen Charlotte Strait and to the east by the Pacific Ocean. To the south, it is bounded by the Fraser River Delta and to the west by Gabriola Island. The basin covers an area of 2,240 square kilometers and has a mean depth of 60 meters. The Orca Basin is a sedimentary basin that was formed during the Paleozoic Era. The basin is composed of marine and non-marine sediments. The marine sediments are composed of sand, gravel, and cobbles. The non-marine sediments are composed of clay, silt, and peat. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.475009 | [
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Is it to be concerned about the liver function test? I am 29 female, recently My Dr has prescribed me AKT4 and with that she has askes for Lever function test. the result of LFT is Bilirubin total: 1. 62. I have not felt any health problem rercently. Only when I went for some general tests in advance before family planning I came to know that I have got Microbactarial TB and this liver disorder. what should I do now. | Hello, Thanks for using Health care magic. I had gone through all the details posted. many details about your current problem are missing in the question. AKT 4 is for Tuberculosis. But where is the site of infection in you. you could have told us about the entire LFT report. only by taking a look at bilirubin which is slightly high we cannot tell anything abt status of your liver. so kindly mention your total details like where is the site of infection tuberculosis and upload full LFT report. we do LFT periodically to monitor side effects of anti TB drugs. as if there is problem with LFT we may decide to change the medications if required Hope this helps.. | hc3-medicine | 0 | 74.664055 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Endrid Bookling'
Endrid Bookling ( – ~1270) was a | Endrid Bookling ( – ~1270) was a Norwegian courtier, captain, and steward loyal to Skule Bårdsson. Almost nothing is known about his background, however he was a supporter of the Bagler party which championed the nobility and the clergy. This in conjunction with his continual support of men who were irrefutably known to have noble blood (there were doubts about Haakon IV of Norway's claims; his foster-father was a shoemaker) implies it is likely that he was a nobleman. In any case he was certainly at least a rich freeman. In 1217 he was one of the messengers sent to represent the Baglers in their peace negotiations after the death of their leader Philip Simonsson. Later he paid homage to King Haakon along with fellow Bagler captains Arnbjorn Johnson, Gunbjorn Johnsbrotir, Simon Kine, Eystein Hroarsson, Gudolf of Blakkasteads, Finn Kalfson, Botolf æfason, Finn Bergthorson, Gudleik Codling, Sigurd Thicklips, Gunnar Asason, Eilif Comber, and Thorir Amundisson. He was appointed as joint-steward of Gudbrandsdalen in 1218 AD. From 1222 to 1223 he was present at a meeting of the magnates of the realm showing that he was probably at least de facto equivalent to a European feudal magnate. He was one of many from the uplands who advised Skule to press his claim to the throne. References | wiki-intro | 0 | 56.424965 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Burgon vase'
The Burgon vase is the earliest known | The Burgon vase is the earliest known Panathenaic amphora, dating to around 560 BC, and the name vase for the ancient Greek painter of the Burgon Group. Today it is on display in the British Museum. The 61 cm high vase is short and squat, with a very low mouth and short neck. The handles are close to the body and small. The foot is tiny in proportion to the vase. The amphora was uncovered in 1813 in Athens and is named after Thomas Burgon (1787–1858), a merchant of the Levant Company, who brought it to England and sold it to the museum. It was discovered full of bone fragments, having been used as a funerary urn. The back side of the vase was seriously damaged by a pick-axe during the excavation. Description
The vase is painted in the black-figure style with images of the Greek goddess Athena, a flying siren and an owl, as well as a two-horse chariot. | wiki-intro | 0 | 20.543329 | [
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Why do Star Wars fans love Boba Fett so much? Just curious. I think he's a cool character, but he's barely in the original movies so I always wonder what made people so passionate about him. Explain like I' m five. | He barely speaks, his armor is badass, and he is very good at what he does. Mostly because his armor is badass, though. He's The Stig of the Star Wars universe. He is a Mandalorian Super Commando. His people only know war and conflict. He always brings in his contracts and he has a code of honor that nothing can break. He's been through hell and back and keeps getting back up. He is the very image of immortality and strength. Who doesn't want some of that? | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 16.995855 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'IPhone XR'
The iPhone XR (stylized and marketed as | The iPhone XR (stylized and marketed as iPhone XS or XS Max) is a budget-priced iPhone announced by Apple on August 15, 2018. It is the successor to the iPhone X, and is available in Gray, Silver, and Gold colors.
The iPhone XR features a 6.1-inch LCD display with a resolution of 2204×1440 pixels and an 18.5:9 aspect ratio. It has a single rear camera with an aperture of f/2.2 and a dual-pixel autofocus system, and a 7MP front-facing camera. It also has support for Face ID and has the same A13 Bionic chip as the other iOS 13-powered iPhones. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.107461 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Eucommia rolandii'
Eucommia rolandii is an extinct species of | Eucommia rolandii is an extinct species of flowering plant in the family Eucommiaceae. E. rolandii is known from four fossil leaves found in Middle Eocene deposits of British Columbia, Canada and Mississippi, United States. E. rolandii is one of five described fossil species from North America assigned to the modern genus Eucommia. The other species are E. constans, E. eocenica, E. jeffersonensis, and E. montana. History and classification
Eucommia rolandii is known from only two fossils, a holotype and an additional specimen referred to the species. The holotype, specimen UF 11034, is housed in the paleobotanical collections of the Florida Museum of Natural History, and is from Middle Eocene rocks of the Talahatta Formation. The specimen was recovered from strata exposed in the Bovay Clay pit near Holly Springs, Mississippi. The other fossil is marked as specimen SFU 14748, and is part of the collections at Simon Fraser University. SFU 14748 is composed of three attached leaves in association with, but not attached to, fruits identified as from the species E. montana collected from the Quilchena locality in British Columbia. Eucommia rolandii was first studied by paleobotanists Victor B. Call and David L. Dilcher, both of the University of Florida in Gainesville. Call and Dilcher's 1997 type description of the new species was published in the botanical journal American Journal of Botany. The specific epithet rolandii was chosen in honor of the American paleobotanist Roland W. Brown who was responsible for the first identification of Eocommia fossils found in North America. | wiki-intro | 0 | 22.809765 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Hariram Vyas'
Hariram Vyas was a 16th-17th century spiritual | Hariram Vyas was a 16th-17th century spiritual poet, classical musician and saint belonging to the Radha-Vallabha denomination. Radhavallabha is a Vaishnava denomination which began with the Vaishnava theologian Hith Harivansh Mahaprabhu. Hariram Vyas together with Hith Harivansh Mahaprabhu and Swami Haridas are known as Haritraya (Trinity of Hari). He is considered to be an incarnation or descension of Vishakha Sakhi who is considered to be the foremost sakhi of Radharani. He is credited with a large body of devotional compositions, especially in the Dhrupad style. His work influenced both the classical music and the Bhakti movements of North India, especially those devoted to Krishna's consort Radha. As a poet he is credited for bringing development of Krshna-Bhakti literature to light in the pages of Indian history. Rupa Goswami, Sanatana Goswami, Mahaprabhu Vallabhacharya, Vitthalnath (Gusainji), and Chaitanya Mahaprabhu were his contemporaries. Life and background
Hariram Vyas Ji was born in the year 1512 in a sanadhya brahmin family in Orchha, Bundelkhand. His father Shri Sumokhan Shukl was a follower of Madhva tradition, he was a respected man in his community, and Rajguru(royal priest) of the Orchha royal family. Hariram ji showed a keen interest in Sanskrit from an early age and achieved great mastery of Vedas and Holy Scriptures at a young age. He was soon appointed as the Rajguru(Royal priest) to King Madhukar Shah of Orchha. Apart from being an renowned pandit and intellectual he was also famous for his debating skills. | wiki-intro | 0 | 25.474915 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Sweet Reggae Mix'
Sweet Reggae Mix is the third and | Sweet Reggae Mix is the third and final studio album by the British reggae artist Mad Professor. It was released in 1984 on the Trojan Records label.
The album was produced by Mad Professor, with help from Jock Jams. The album features collaborations with artists such as Ranking Joe, Luciano, and I-Roy.
The album has been praised by music critics for its fusion of reggae and dancehall influences, as well as its production values. It has also been acknowledged for its influence on later reggae and dancehall artists.
Sweet Reggae Mix peaked at number 10 on the UK Albums Chart, and has been certified gold by the BPI. The album was also nominated for a Grammy Award in the category of Best Reggae Album. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.705063 | [
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what is the main component of vaccines | The agent stimulates the body' s immune system to recognize the agent as foreign, destroy it, and "remember" it, so that the immune system can more easily recognize and destroy any of these microorganisms that it later encounters. | hc3-open_qa | 0 | 17.68511 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Shelley Kerr'
Michelle Kerr (born 15 October 1969) | Michelle Kerr (born 15 October 1969) is a Scottish football manager and former player who is currently the English Football Association's technical lead for women's national teams. As a player Kerr was a powerful centre back, who captained Scotland as well as clubs including Kilmarnock and Hibernian. During her playing career, Kerr won every domestic honour in Scotland and played in the UEFA Women's Cup. She won 59 caps for Scotland between 1989 and 2008, scoring three goals. As a manager, Kerr gained experience at Kilmarnock, Hibernian and Spartans while progressing through the Scottish Football Association's (SFA) Long-term Player Development pathway, eventually taking charge of the Scotland women's under-19 national team in 2009. She gained the UEFA Pro Licence in January 2013, shortly before leaving the SFA for Arsenal. She led Arsenal to an FA Women's Cup and Continental Cup double in 2013, and a second FA Cup in 2014. After a stint with the Stirling University men's team, Kerr managed the Scotland women's team. She guided Scotland to their first appearance in a Women's World Cup finals, but left after they failed to qualify for the following European Championship. | wiki-intro | 0 | 10.919273 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'German submarine U-429'
German submarine U-429 was a Type VIIC | German submarine U-429 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine originally built for the Italian Regia Marina during World War II. Her keel was laid down on 14 September 1942 by Danziger Werft of Danzig. She was then commissioned as S-4 on 14 July 1943 under the command of an Italian captain. Following the Italian armistice on 8 September 1943, the Kriegsmarine took possession of the U-429, which was still in German waters, along with the and . These boats were not deemed advanced or useful enough for full war service, and on 27 October 1943 they were turned over to training flotillas for service in the Baltic Sea, training up submarine crews for dispatch to operating boats, mainly based in France. After a very uneventful service life, the U-429 was caught in an open dock during a U.S. Eighth Air Force raid on the city of Wilhelmshaven on 30 March 1945, and destroyed by bombing, although her crew were not on board at the time of the attack. | wiki-intro | 0 | 20.804445 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Bambang Hero Saharjo'
Dr. Bambang Hero Saharjo is an Indonesian | Dr. Bambang Hero Saharjo is an Indonesian pediatrician, medical researcher, and health care advocate. He is the current Director General of the Indonesian National Health Research Institute (INHRI). He has also served as the Minister of Health from 2001 to 2003 and as the Minister of Science and Technology from 2003 to 2005.
Bambang Hero Saharjo was born on 8 October 1954 in Ciamis, West Java, Indonesia. After completing his secondary education at SMP Negeri 1 Ciamis in 1972, he studied at the University of Indonesia in Kebumen, where he obtained his medical degree in 1978. He then completed his postgraduate studies at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, United States, where he earned a doctorate in pediatric medicine in 1984.
Upon returning to Indonesia, Hero Saharjo began his career as a doctor at the Jakarta General Hospital (JGH). In 1987 he was appointed head of pediatric surgery at JGH and a year later he became head of pediatric intensive care. In 1989 he was appointed head of the Pediatric Department at INHRI. In 2001 he was appointed Minister of Health and served until 2003. In 2003 he was appointed Minister of Science and Technology and served until 2005.
Hero Saharjo is a fellow member of several professional organizations, including the American College of Physicians (ACP), the American Pediatric Society (APS), and the Indonesian Medical Association (IMA). He has also been awarded several national honors, including the | wiki-intro | 1 | 10.76295 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Arkansas Supreme Court'
The Supreme Court of Arkansas is the | The Supreme Court of Arkansas is the highest court in the state judiciary of Arkansas. It has ultimate and largely discretionary appellate jurisdiction over all state court cases that involve a point of state law, and original jurisdiction over a narrow range of cases. The Supreme Court holds the power of judicial review, the ability to invalidate a statute for violating a provision of the Arkansas Constitution. It is also able to strike down gubernatorial directives for violating either the Constitution or statutory law. However, it may act only within the context of a case in an area of law over which it has jurisdiction. Established by Article Five of the 1836 Constitution, the Supreme Court was composed of three judges, to include a chief justice, elected to eight-year terms by the General Assembly. As later set by Act 205 of 1925, it consists of the Chief Justice of Arkansas and six associate justices. Justices are elected in non-partisan elections to eight-year terms, staggered to make it unlikely the Court would be replaced in a single election. Vacancies are filled by gubernatorial appointment. | wiki-intro | 0 | 16.456833 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Battle of Alhandic'
The Battle of Alhandic , also known | The Battle of Alhandic , also known as Zamora's trench Battle , was a battle that occurred on 5 August 939 in the city of Zamora, Spain. The battle occurred when the troops of Abd-ar-Rahman III assaulted the walls of Zamora. The defending troops were those loyal to Ramiro II, King of León. The fighting was so bloody that the tide of the battle did not turn until the ditch surrounding the city walls was entirely filled with corpses. The troops of Aberraman III won the day and were able to seize the city of Zamora. This battle should not be confused with the Day of Zamora ( or ) which took place a few decades before in the year 901. History
Once Abd-ar-Rahman III came to power, he was quick to assert his power and made it his goal to finish the rebels in Al-Andalus. He wanted to consolidate his power base and reestablish the internal order of the Emirate of Córdoba. He decided to go to the border and attack the cities that acted as a protective buffer against the Asturian / Leonese lands to the north. It was on this defensive line that he came upon Zamora. The city was strategically important because it was squarely in the path of march typically used by the Leonese troops. Abderraman attacked the city on 5 August 939. His strategy was to fill the pit, or moat around the city with bodies and debris so that his men could more easily climb the parapets and thus engage the defending soldiers directly. This bloodthirsty strategy lends its name to the battle which is sometimes known as the Batalla del Foso de Zamora (Zamora's trench [moat] Battle). | wiki-intro | 0 | 29.005474 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Belgrave St Ives'
Belgrave St Ives is a commercial art | Belgrave St Ives is a commercial art district located in the inner city of Sydney, Australia. It is a small, but vibrant and growing neighbourhood that encompasses a number of galleries, artist studios and businesses.
Belgrave St Ives was founded in the early 1990s by artists and business owners who recognised the unique opportunity that existed to revitalise an inner city area that had been derelict for many years. The district has since developed into a thriving commercial centre with a diverse range of businesses and galleries. Today, Belgrave St Ives is home to some of Sydney's best known art galleries and businesses, as well as a vibrant community of artists and entrepreneurs.
Belgrave St Ives is located in the inner city area of Sydney, just a short walk from the Sydney CBD. It is bounded by Georges Street to the north, King Street to the east, Liverpool Street to the south and Potts Point to the west. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.58109 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Souffian El Karouani'
Souffian El Karouani (born 19 October 2000) | Souffian El Karouani (born 19 October 2000) is a French professional footballer who plays for Ligue 1 side AS Monaco as a forward.
Karouani was born in France, to Moroccan parents. He started playing football at the age of six, and joined the youth academy of Monaco in 2016. He made his professional debut for Monaco in a Ligue 1 game against Rennes on 20 September 2018, coming on as a substitute in the 66th minute. | wiki-intro | 1 | 4.356172 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Alexander DeLeon'
Alexander Michael DeLeon (born April 8, 1989), | Alexander Michael DeLeon (born April 8, 1989), also known as Alex DeLeon, is an American professional boxer. He is a former WBC and IBF lightweight champion, and was the winner of the 2017 World Boxing Super Series super lightweight tournament.
Alexander Michael DeLeon was born in Miami, Florida on April 8, 1989. His father was a boxer and his mother was a singer. DeLeon's family moved to San Diego when he was two years old. He started boxing at the age of six and won his first title at the age of ten. DeLeon then won a national championship at the age of sixteen.
DeLeon turned professional in 2008 and won his first eight bouts by knockout. He then fought for the WBC lightweight title against Arturo Gatti in May 2010 and lost by split decision. In March 2012, he defeated Jorge Linares to win the IBF lightweight title. He defended his title against Marco Antonio Barrera in September 2013 and Ricardo Lopez in December 2014.
In September 2016, DeLeon defeated Terry Flanagan to win the WBSS super lightweight title. He made his first defence against John Molina in January 2017, winning by TKO in the eighth round. In May 2017, he won the World Boxing Super Series super lightweight tournament final against Vasyl Lomachenko to become the inaugural champion. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.312697 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Hart's War'
Hart's War is a 2002 American war | Hart's War is a 2002 American war drama film directed by Peter Berg and written by Alvin Sargent. The film stars Bruce Willis, Dominic West, Kelly Reilly, and Billy Crudup.
The film is set in the early 1990s during the Gulf War. After his tour of duty in the Iraq War, Staff Sergeant Hart (Bruce Willis) returns home to find that his wife has left him and his young son. He is assigned to work at a desk job at a military base in Texas, but finds that he cannot sit still. Hart begins to drink heavily and fights with his superiors. One night, he is sent on a mission in Kuwait and is injured in action. He is sent home to recuperate, but soon learns that the war in Kuwait has ended and he has been discharged from the army. He returns to his home town of Columbus, Ohio, where he tries to find a new life.
In Columbus, Hart meets Lily (Kelly Reilly), a girl who was also drafted into the army and was stationed in Kuwait with him. Lily tells Hart that she was raped by a fellow soldier while she was in Kuwait, and Hart reacts angrily when she tells him this. Hart starts drinking more and becomes aggressive with Lily; she leaves him for good.
Meanwhile, Hart's old unit is sent to Bosnia as part of Operation Joint Endeavor. When they arrive in Bosnia, Hart's old unit is deployed as part of a peacekeeping force. While they are there, | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.883821 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Stenoma catenifer'
Stenoma catenifer is a moth in the | Stenoma catenifer is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Lord Walsingham in 1912. It is found in Guatemala and Panama. The wingspan is about 23 mm. The forewings are pale fawn ochreous, with some darker sprinkling towards the base and costa and on the middle of the dorsum. A strong blackish discal spot at the end of the cell, another half-way to the base on the upper edge of the cell, with a third in the middle of the fold. A series of inwardly pointed dentate blackish spots from the commencement of the costal to the beginning of the dorsal cilia forms a continuous chain with a similar series of more flattened spots around the apex and termen. The first portion of the chain, or that which crosses the wing surface, is abruptly angulated outward below the costa and above the tornus, the outer angle being abruptly cut off by a pair of strong spots opposite to a point a little above the termen. The hindwings are very pale fawn grey, somewhat iridescent between the veins. | wiki-intro | 0 | 41.251793 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Abdulrazak Ekpoki'
Abdul Razak Mohammed Ekpoki (born 27 October | Abdul Razak Mohammed Ekpoki (born 27 October 1982, in Kano, Nigeria) is a retired Nigerian football retired striker who last played for NK Rovinj. Career
He started his career in Nigeria playing with Kano Pillars and Plateau United before moving to Egypt in 2000. and winning Egyptian Premier League title in 2003. with Ismaily.
In 2003. he joined Malaysian club from Seremban Negeri Sembilan FA, after a successful year in Malaysia Ekpoki moved to Slovenia to start his European career with NK Ljubljana.
Following some good matches in Slovenia he was noticed by Spanish manager who took him to Spain to join squad of Gimnàstic de Tarragona in Catalonia, Spain which that year 2005-2006 got promoted to Liga football Primera after 56 years. Year later Ekpoki re-enforced UD Vecindario a team from Canary Islands .
Afterwards he played with HIT Gorica again in Slovenia.
In summer 2008 he signed a contract until 30 June 2008 with K.A.A. Gent of the Belgium Jupiler League. He also played with Slovenian NK Drava Ptuj before moving to Vietnam and playing with V-League club Sông Lam Nghệ An. He played ten league games scoring five goals. He also played the FA Cup final where he scored the only goal that saw Sông Lam winning the Vietnamese cup in 2010. He remained in Vietnam before moving back to his family in Europe. He resurfaced in Croatia, joining the ranks of the Treća HNL Zapad team NK Rovinj near the end of 2013. | wiki-intro | 0 | 47.739342 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Kopek'
The kopek or kopeck is or | The kopek or kopeck is or was a silver coin of the Soviet Union and Russia, first issued in 1918. It was equal to ten copecks. The coins were minted until 1991.
The word "kopek" is derived from the Russian word копейка "kopeyka", meaning "copper coin". | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.917788 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on '1619'
Events
January–June
January 12 | Events
January–June
January 12, 1619: The Pilgrims landed at Plymouth, Massachusetts.
Causes and Consequences
The Pilgrims' arrival at Plymouth and the establishment of the Plymouth Colony ushered in a period of religious and political freedom that became an important precedent in American history. | wiki-intro | 1 | 14.165816 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Entrance pupil'
In an optical system, the entrance pupil | In an optical system, the entrance pupil is the smallest point of light that enters the optical system. It is also the point of maximal optical depth within the system.
The entrance pupil is located at the center of an image formed on the retina by the optical system. This location ensures that all light entering the eye is focused on the fovea, which is responsible for central vision. The size of the entrance pupil is governed by the optical system's f-number, which is the ratio of its focal length to its aperture diameter. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.150004 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Mohit Chhillar'
Mohit Chhillar is an Indian kabaddi player | Mohit Chhillar is an Indian kabaddi player who is currently a part of the Indian national team. Chhillar made his international debut in the 2018 Kabaddi World Cup.
Mohit Chhillar was born on 10 July 1996 in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. He started playing kabaddi at the age of six and later joined the National Institute of Sports, Mumbai.
Chhillar made his international debut for India in the 2018 Kabaddi World Cup. In the semi-final match against Iran, he scored 11 points to help India to a 29-24 victory and qualify for the final. In the final match against Pakistan, Chhillar scored 21 points to help India to a 41-14 victory and win the tournament. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.724406 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'New Play Project'
New Play Project is a non-profit organization | New Play Project is a non-profit organization that creates new works of theatre for audiences in the San Francisco Bay Area. We believe that theatre can be an essential part of a community's cultural life, and we work to make this vision a reality by commissioning new plays, providing training and support to emerging artists, and creating opportunities for audiences to experience our productions.
New Play Project was founded in 2004 by artistic directors Marsha Norman and David Henry Hwang. The organization's mandate is to commission new plays for an audience in the Bay Area, providing training and support to emerging artists, and creating opportunities for audiences to experience our productions. We have produced eleven new plays since 2004, with more in the pipeline.
We are a 501(c)3 nonprofit organization. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.245821 | [
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how bin laden always stayed one step ahead? ELI5 how bin laden always stayed one step ahead? I'm just wondering out of all our technology and How did They know he was sick but couldn't catch him? I just don't understand. Explain like I' m five. | Osama bin Laden was the leader of a terrorist group called al-Qaeda. He was responsible for planning and organizing many attacks, including the September 11th attacks in the United States.
Bin Laden was able to stay one step ahead of authorities for many years because he took careful steps to avoid being caught. He often moved from place to place and used intermediaries to communicate with other members of his organization. This made it difficult for authorities to track his movements and gather information about his activities.
Additionally, bin Laden was able to rely on support from people in the countries where he was hiding. These people provided him with food, shelter, and other resources, which made it easier for him to evade capture.
Finally, it's important to note that catching bin Laden was a difficult task because he was in hiding in countries where it was difficult for foreign law enforcement to operate. This made it challenging for authorities to gather intelligence and locate him.
Despite these challenges, bin Laden was eventually killed by U.S. Navy SEALs in a raid on his compound in Pakistan in 2011. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 6.147865 | [
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The difference between the Web and the Internet. Inspired by [this submission] (URL_ 0) over in/r/offbeat, I didn't really see a comprehensive answer to ErectPotato. So what's the difference, aside from the Internet coming first? Explain like I' m five. | The Internet and the Web are often used interchangeably, but they are actually two different things.
The Internet is a global network of computers and servers that use a common communication protocol to share information with each other. It is like a vast network of roads that connects computers all over the world.
The Web, on the other hand, is a collection of interconnected documents and other resources that can be accessed via the Internet. It is like a city, with each document or resource being a building in the city. You can use the Internet to access the Web and visit different buildings (resources) in the city.
So to put it simply, the Internet is a network that allows computers to connect and communicate with each other, while the Web is a collection of information that can be accessed using the Internet. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 7.034833 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Avalon (Swedish group)'
Avalon or Group Avalon was a | Avalon or Group Avalon was a Swedish pop rock and new wave group active from 1972 to 1984.
The group was formed by Björn Ulvaeus (vocals, guitar), Benny Andersson (guitar), and Agnetha Fältskog (vocals), and initially consisted of four members. After the release of their debut single "Ring Ring" in 1972, the group achieved success with their subsequent albums, including the number-one albums "Kungliga" (1974) and "Sommar" (1975). The group disbanded in 1984 after releasing their final album, "Medley".
Avalon has been described as one of the most successful Swedish pop groups of all time, with sales of over 30 million records worldwide. They have been awarded with a total of eight gold, five platinum, and two silver albums in Sweden. In 1999, they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
Since 2009, Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus have been working on a new Avalon project, which is planned to release an album in 2019. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.811927 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Dwarkanath Gooptu'
Dr. Dwarkanath Gooptu (Bengali দ্বারকানাথ গুপ্ত, | Dr. Dwarkanath Gooptu (Bengali দ্বারকানাথ গুপ্ত, 12 October 1887 – 22 March 1963) was an Indian physician, anthropologist and linguist who made significant contributions to the study of the Bengali language.
Born in Nadia district of West Bengal, Gooptu completed his undergraduate studies at the Presidency College, Calcutta in 1908 and subsequently obtained an MBBS from the University of Edinburgh in 1911. He returned to India and worked as a doctor in various parts of the country before joining the faculty of the University of Calcutta as an assistant professor in 1924. He was promoted to professor of Bengali in 1932, and served as head of the university's Department of Bengali from 1935 to 1943.
Gooptu is well known for his work on the phonology and morphology of the Bengali language, which he published extensively over a period of more than four decades. His doctoral thesis, "A Monograph on the Phonology of the Bengali Language", was awarded the prestigious University Gold Medal by the University of Calcutta in 1937. He also authored several books on Bengali grammar and lexicography, and contributed extensively to Bengali literary criticism.
Dwarkanath Gooptu died at the age of 78 years after a prolonged illness in 1963. He remains one of the most celebrated linguists in India, and has been honoured with several prestigious awards including the Padma Bhushan (1953), Sahitya Akademi Award (1956), Ramakrishna Mission | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.918605 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Nate Salinger'
Nate Salinger is a fictional character from | Nate Salinger is a fictional character from the novel "The Catcher in the Rye" by J.D. Salinger. The character is a teenager who is expelled from his prep school and is working as a busboy at the San Francisco home of his parents.
Salinger's portrayal of Holden Caulfield has been described as "one of the most iconic and influential literary characters of the 20th century". Themes of alienation, rebellion, and teenage angst are central to the novel, and Salinger's portrayal of Holden has been praised for its accuracy and realism. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.885166 | [
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HMS Vindictive was a warship built during | HMS Vindictive was a warship built during World War I for the Royal Navy. She was assigned to the Grand Fleet and participated in the Battle of Jutland in 1916. In 1917, she was deployed to the Mediterranean Sea to support the British Army during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign. In 1918, she took part in the final stages of the War of Independence in Ireland. After the war, she was decommissioned and sold for scrap in early 1920.
HMS Vindictive was a Royal Navy warship built during World War I for service with the Grand Fleet. She was assigned to the fleet and took part in the Battle of Jutland in 1916, during which she engaged and damaged several German ships. In 1917, she was deployed to the Mediterranean Sea to support British Army forces during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign. In 1918, she took part in operations that culminated in Ireland's successful War of Independence. After the war, Vindictive was decommissioned and sold for scrap in early 1920. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.98286 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Glitter (soundtrack)'
Glitter is the soundtrack to the 2001 | Glitter is the soundtrack to the 2001 film of the same name. The album was released on November 11, 2001, by Island Records.
The soundtrack features the singles "The Star-Spangled Banner", "God Bless the USA", and "I Will Always Love You". | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.021323 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Eosinophilic fasciitis'
Eosinophilic fasciitis , also known as Shulman's | Eosinophilic fasciitis , also known as Shulman's syndrome, is an inflammatory disease that affects the fascia, other connective tissues, surrounding muscles, blood vessels and nerves. Unlike other forms of fasciitis, eosinophilic fasciitis is typically self-limited and confined to the arms and legs, although it can require treatment with corticosteroids, and some cases are associated with aplastic anemia. The condition was first characterized in 1974, but it is not yet known whether it is actually a distinct condition or merely a variant presentation of another syndrome. The presentation is similar to that of scleroderma or systemic sclerosis. However, unlike scleroderma, eosinophilic fasciitis affects the deeper fascial layers, rather than the dermis; the characteristic and severe effects of scleroderma and systemic sclerosis, such as Raynaud's syndrome, involvement of the extremities, prominent small blood vessels (telangiectasias), and visceral changes such as swallowing problems, are absent. Nevertheless, the term remains used for diagnostic purposes. | wiki-intro | 0 | 11.918061 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Helichrysum calvertianum'
Helichrysum calvertianum is a species of flowering | Helichrysum calvertianum is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is a small subshrub with small crowded leaves and single white daisy-like flowers. It is endemic to the Southern Highlands in New South Wales. Description
Helichrysum calvertianum is a small, many branched subshrub to high with smooth stems and occasional woolly, small glandular hairs. The green crowded leaves are sticky, linear, long, wide, margins rolled under concealing the lower surface. The papery white, daisy-like flowers are borne singly at the end of wiry branches, long and in diameter with yellow centres. The bracts are scaly, brownish, somewhat hairy near the base, intermediate bracts longer with pale, papery edges, sometimes tinted pink near the apex, outer bracts golden and translucent, innermost bracts narrow with small, papery white edges. Flowering occurs from January to August and the fruit are a dry, one-seeded, slightly glandular, oblong to needle-shaped, bristly and almost feathery at the tip. | wiki-intro | 0 | 32.665752 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Mary Magdalene (Perugino)'
Mary Magdalene is an oil on panel | Mary Magdalene is an oil on panel painting by the Italian painter Perugino, completed in 1495. It is housed in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence.
The painting is a Madonna and Child iconography with a central panel featuring Mary Magdalene in a state of contemplation, flanked by angels. The background is populated with biblical figures and saints, including John the Baptist, Jerome, and Catherine of Alexandria. The work is noted for its expressive brushwork and delicate color palette.
Mary Magdalene has been a popular subject for religious paintings since the Middle Ages. Early examples include the 9th century Byzantine fresco of Saint Mary Magdalene from Saint Catherine's Monastery in Sinai, and the 12th century Triptych of Saint George and the Virgin from the Cathedral of Monza. Perugino's version is one of the most famous versions, and has been copied or reworked many times over the centuries. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.831421 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Pendle Heritage Centre'
Pendle Heritage Centre is a museum and | Pendle Heritage Centre is a museum and visitor centre in Barrowford, Lancashire, England, dedicated to the history and heritage of Pendle. The heritage centre occupies Park Hill, a two-storey former farmhouse which has a 1661 date stone but was developed over an extended period between the 16th century and the beginning of the 18th century. The centre has an 18th-century walled garden and woodland walk, and houses the Pendle Arts Gallery. Park Hill is an old farmhouse that has been restored using traditional building techniques to provide visitors with an insight on how the house has been developed and adapted from the 15th century. The centre, formed in 1977, is one of the Heritage Trust for the North West's flagship projects, attracting over 100,000 visitors a year.
The permanent exhibitions include the story of Park Hill as a working farm, the history of the Bannister and Swinglehurst families who occupied the house and the Pendle witches. Sir Roger Bannister is a descendant of the family that once lived here. | wiki-intro | 0 | 22.815836 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'River Frome, Bristol'
The Frome , historically the Froom, is | The Frome , historically the Froom, is a river that rises in Dodington Park, South Gloucestershire, and flows southwesterly through Bristol, joining the former course of the river Avon in Bristol's Floating Harbour. It is approximately long, and the mean flow at Frenchay is . The name Frome is shared with several other rivers in South West England and means 'fair, fine, brisk'. The river is known locally in east Bristol as the Danny. The Frome originally joined the Avon somewhere on Welsh Back downstream of Bristol Bridge, and an offshoot formed part of the city defences, but in the thirteenth century the offshoot was arched over or infilled and the river itself was diverted through marshland belonging to St Augustine's Abbey (now Bristol Cathedral), as part of major port improvement works. From the mid-nineteenth to the early twentieth centuries the lower mile of the river was gradually culverted, and the course of river now flows under The Centre into St Augustine's Reach. The actual flow of the river is directed down Mylne's culvert, the section under the Centre acts only as an overflow or storm channel for high run off and high tidal water backing up through the culvert. | wiki-intro | 0 | 44.503323 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Saint and Greavsie'
Saint and Greavsie was a British television | Saint and Greavsie was a British television programme which aired on ITV from 1967 to 1975. The show was a variety show starring Saint and Greavsie, who were supported by a large cast of supporting comedians.
The show was a popular success, running for six seasons and spawning several spin-off programmes. Saint and Greavsie were also popular singles stars in their own right, with several top ten hits. | wiki-intro | 1 | 21.70849 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'ParticipACTION'
ParticipACTION is a national non-profit organization, originally | ParticipACTION is a national non-profit organization, originally launched as a Canadian government program in the 1970s, to promote healthy living and physical fitness. It shut down due to financial cutbacks in 2001, but was revived on February 19, 2007 with a grant of $5 million from the Canadian federal government. History
ParticipACTION emerged from Sport Participation Canada, a non-profit organization formed on July 12, 1971 in response to a 1969 study commissioned by the National Advisory Council for Fitness and Amateur Sport that found that the future of Canadian health was at risk from poor physical fitness and apathy on the part of Canadians. Council Chair Philippe de Gaspé Beaubien recommended that the Government of Canada provide seed money for an independent agency with public and private funding that would work to promote physical fitness. Lou Lefaive from Sport Canada was assigned to assist in its founding. Marketing consultant Keith McKerracher was appointed to lead the new organization. | wiki-intro | 0 | 36.116371 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Willard LaMere'
Willard LaMere (1918 – November 29, 1990) | Willard LaMere (1918 – November 29, 1990) was an American actor, director and screenwriter. He appeared in more than eighty films and television shows during a career that spanned more than four decades.
Born in 1918 in Muskegon, Michigan, LaMere began his acting career in the late 1940s. He spent most of his time on television, appearing in series such as "The Untouchables", "Wagon Train", "The Virginian" and "Bonanza". He also directed several episodes of these series.
LaMere's breakthrough performance came in the role of Sheriff Andy Taylor on the television series "The Waltons". He played the role for seven seasons from 1972 to 1979.
LaMere later appeared in a number of films, including "The Silence of the Lambs" (1991), for which he received an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor, and "Titus" (1999). He died on November 29, 1990, from lung cancer. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.159142 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Richard Guildford'
Sir Richard Guildford (alias Guilford, Guldeford, etc.), | Sir Richard Guildford (alias Guilford, Guldeford, etc.), KG, KB, DCL, LLD (11 October 1575 – 9 May 1641) was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1610 to 1629.
Richard Guildford was the son of Sir John Guildford, of Guildford, Surrey, and his wife Ursula Basse. He was educated at Christ Church, Oxford and then practiced law in London. In 1610 he was elected Member of Parliament for Guildford in the first parliament of James I. He served as a Lord of the Treasury under James I and Charles I and as Attorney General under both monarchs. In 1629 he was knighted. Guildford died in 1641 and was buried at Guildford.
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Yakuza 2'
is an action-adventure game by Sega, the | is an action-adventure game by Sega, the sequel to the 2002 game, "Yakuza". It was released in March 2005 for the PlayStation 2.
Set in Kamurocho and Sotenbori in the fictional Tokyo-area of Saitama prefecture, "Yakuza 2" is a story of crime, power, and ambition set against a backdrop of Japan's criminal underworld. Players control one of four main characters, each with their own back story and motives, as they fight their way up the criminal ranks.
The game's large and varied open world allows players to explore the city at will, on foot or in vehicles, and engage in a variety of activities such as fighting in underground tunnels or gambling in illegal casinos. Battles take place in real time and are fought with a combination of martial arts moves and firearms. In addition to traditional RPG elements such as character development and loot gathering, "Yakuza 2" features an extensive side-quest system that encourages players to explore every nook and cranny of the game world. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.697062 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Michael Solski'
Michael Solski (October 2, 1918 – October | Michael Solski (October 2, 1918 – October 19, 1999) was a Canadian union leader, politician, and author in the Canadian province of Ontario. He was president of the International Union of Mine, Mill, and Smelter Workers (Mine Mill) Local 598 from 1952 to 1959, at a time when it was the largest single local in Canada. He later served as the mayor of Coniston (1962–1972) and of Nickel Centre (1973–1978). At the end of his career, he was the target of a failed assassination attempt. Early life and union activism
Solski was born to a working-class family in Coniston and was raised in the community. In 1935, he began working at the same local Inco smelter that also employed his father and grandfather. From 1942 to 1944, he was chair of the Coniston Plant Union Organizing Committee that led to affiliation with Mine Mill. He was elected as a Coniston town councillor in 1945 and served until 1948. | wiki-intro | 0 | 16.767612 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Agadir (granary)'
An agadir (, plural: igudar or iguidar, | An agadir (, plural: igudar or iguidar, ; Berber: ⵜⵙⵏⵙ or ⵜⵙⵎⵎ) is an open-air granary used in the Maghreb region of Northwest Africa. It is a characteristic feature of the architecture of the region, and can be found in various forms, from small, simple structures to large complex ones.
The word "agadir" comes from the Berber words agadir meaning "to break", "to knock down", or "to shatter".
The first agadir were built in the 10th century by the Almohad dynasty in what is now Morocco. They were made of mud-brick and had an earthen cover. During the 14th century, they began to be constructed of stone.
There are currently about 1,500 agadirs in Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria and Libya. They are used to store cereals, legumes, and other food items. | wiki-intro | 1 | 11.054495 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'More So'
More So (1 May 1975 – after | More So (1 May 1975 – after 1990) was an Irish Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. She showed considerable promise when winning her only start as a juvenile in 1977 and then took the Irish 1000 Guineas on her three-year-old debut. She won the Desmond Stakes later that year before being exported to the United States where she won the Palomar Handicap in 1979. Her subsequent North American career was disappointing and she was retired from racing at the end of the 1980 season. She made no impact as a broodmare. Background
More So was a "lightly-made" brown mare with no white markings bred in Ireland by G Spann, who had bought her dam Demare for 3,000 guineas in late 1974 with More So in utero. Spann recouped his money at the Goffs Premier Yearling Sale in September 1976 when the filly was auctioned for 3,000 guineas. More So entered the ownership of Joan Gelb and was sent into training with Paddy Prendergast. | wiki-intro | 0 | 46.079758 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Manny Motajo'
Manny Motajo (born February 13, 1970) is | Manny Motajo (born February 13, 1970) is a Canadian-born American professional ice hockey player who is currently playing for HC Ajo of the Austrian Hockey League (EBEL).
Motajo was born in Edmonton, Alberta, but grew up in suburban Detroit, Michigan. He played junior hockey for the Saginaw Spirit of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL) before making his professional debut in the International Hockey League (IHL) with the Baltimore Bandits. After two seasons with Baltimore, Motajo signed with the Colorado Avalanche of the National Hockey League (NHL).
In 1994–95, Motajo made his NHL debut with the Avalanche and recorded a goal and five assists in 49 games. He scored his first NHL goal on October 26, 1995 against goaltender Patrick Roy of the Montreal Canadiens. The following season, Motajo improved his point total to 15 goals and 28 assists in 76 games. In 1997–98, Motajo recorded a career-high 34 assists in 82 games. He also set a career-high with six game-winning goals.
In 1998–99, Motajo was traded to the New York Rangers along with defenseman Petr Nedved for forward Jaromir Jagr and defenseman Scott Young. He played three seasons with the Rangers before being traded to the Tampa Bay Lightning on July 1, 2002 for forward Martin St. Louis and defenseman Steve Eminger. In 2003–04, Motajo had his best season as a pro by scoring 33 goals and 66 assists for 99 points in 82 games | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.501719 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'George Beban'
George Beban (December 13, 1873 – October | George Beban (December 13, 1873 – October 2, 1936) was an American football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign from 1907 to 1908, compiling a record of 10–6. Beban was also the head basketball coach at Illinois from 1901 to 1902, tallying a record of 22–9. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.910259 | [
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Why do tennis pros need coaches? What do they do? Surely the big pros are way better at their sport than their coaches ever were. Thank you:) Makes sense. Explain like I' m five. | Even though professional tennis players are incredibly skilled at their sport, they can still benefit from the guidance and support of a coach. A coach can help a player develop and improve their skills, devise a strategy for matches, and provide motivation and support. For example, a coach can help a player identify areas of their game that need improvement and come up with a plan to work on those areas. They can also help a player prepare for specific opponents by analyzing their strengths and weaknesses and coming up with a game plan to exploit their opponents' weaknesses and protect against their strengths. Additionally, a coach can provide emotional support and motivation to help a player stay focused and confident. This is especially important during tough matches or when a player is dealing with injuries or other challenges. Overall, a coach can be an important partner for a professional tennis player, helping them to reach their full potential and achieve success on the court. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 7.549043 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Lowercase (band)'
Lowercase (sometimes stylized as lowercase) was a | Lowercase (sometimes stylized as lowercase) was a band from Palm Desert, California, led by Imaad Wasif on vocals and guitar and Brian Girgus on drums. The band put out 2 full-length albums on the Minneapolis label Amphetamine Reptile before recording their last LP for Vern Rumsey of Unwound's label, Punk In My Vitamins. Tours with Sebadoh, Karp, Unwound, Hovercraft, Caustic Resin, The Lies, Faith No More, and Chokebore helped gain them a national as well as international following. History
The band first formed in 1993 in Palm Desert, California by guitarist and vocalist Imaad Wasif and drummer Brian Girgus. Initially, Girgus played bass, however he switched to the drums when the group faced difficulty finding a drummer. The band issued their debut 7-inch single titled Two Songs in early 1994 through Punk In My Vitamins?, an independent label operated by Vern Rumsey, the bassist of Unwound. The duo followed this up with a second 7-inch single, Brass Tracks, which was issued in 1995 through X-Mas Records. That same year, the band was signed onto Amphetamine Reptile Records, who issued their debut full-length All Destructive Urges... Seem So Perfect on November 11, 1996. That same year, the band moved out to San Francisco, where they would stay until their disbandment in 2000. | wiki-intro | 0 | 23.96636 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Henry Dayday'
Henry Dayday (born October 8, 1939) is | Henry Dayday (born October 8, 1939) is a Canadian politician who served as the mayor of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan from 1988 to 2000. He was elected mayor four times, tied for the most since mayoral terms were extended beyond one year in 1954, although he is tied as the second longest-serving mayor in the city's history as the term limit for mayor was extended from three to four years in 2012. However, Dayday did serve the longest overall stint on City Council at 24 consecutive years. Early life and education
Dayday was raised on a farm near the town of Bankend, Saskatchewan. He moved to Saskatoon and earned two bachelor's degrees from the University of Saskatchewan, including a bacherlor's of education. He taught high school math in rural Saskatchewan before returning to Saskatoon in 1969, where he continued to teach, working at Evan Hardy, City Park, and Marion M. Graham Collegiates. Dayday continued teaching at Marion Graham even after he was elected mayor. | wiki-intro | 0 | 25.153214 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Chris Jericho'
Christopher Keith Irvine (born November 9, 1970), | Christopher Keith Irvine (born November 9, 1970), better known by the ring name Chris Jericho, is an American-Canadian professional wrestler and singer. He is currently signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW), where he is the leader of The Inner Circle stable. Noted for his over-the-top rock star persona, he has been named by journalists and industry colleagues as one of the greatest professional wrestlers of all time. During the 1990s, Jericho performed for American organizations Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) and World Championship Wrestling (WCW), as well as for promotions in countries such as Canada, Japan, and Mexico. At the end of 1999, he made his debut in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). In 2001, he became the first Undisputed WWF Champion, and thus the final holder of the WCW World Heavyweight Championship (then referred to as the World Championship), having won and unified the WWF and World titles by defeating Stone Cold Steve Austin and The Rock on the same night. Jericho headlined multiple pay-per-view (PPV) events during his time with the WWF/WWE, including WrestleMania X8 and the inaugural TLC and Elimination Chamber shows. He was inducted into the Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame in 2010. | wiki-intro | 0 | 6.901356 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Paul Land'
Paul Callandrillo (January 31, 1956 – December | Paul Callandrillo (January 31, 1956 – December 2, 1984) was an American serial killer who killed six people in the Los Angeles area between 1977 and 1984.
Paul Land was born on January 31, 1956, in Fontana, California. He had a troubled childhood and was frequently in trouble with the law. In 1977, Land was convicted of burglary and sentenced to a year in prison. After his release, he began killing people.
Land killed six people between 1977 and 1984: four women and two men. He typically stabbed his victims to death, but on one occasion he strangled his victim. Land's victims were all known to him and had some connection to him; most were drug addicts or prostitutes.
Land was arrested in December 1984 after being connected to the murder of a prostitute. He was tried and convicted of six murders and was executed by lethal injection on December 2, 1984. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.359596 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Bob Rothel'
Robert Burton Rothel (September 17, 1923 – | Robert Burton Rothel (September 17, 1923 – July 9, 2007) was an American physicist who made fundamental contributions to the understanding of elementary particles and their interactions.
Rothel was born in 1923 in Cleveland, Ohio. After completing his undergraduate studies at the University of Chicago in 1943, he served in the United States Navy during World War II. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1949. From 1949 to 1951, he was a post-doctoral fellow at the University of California, Berkeley.
Rothel worked at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory from 1951 to 1958, and then at the University of California, Santa Barbara from 1958 until his retirement in 1993. He was a senior scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory from 1973 to 1994.
Rothel died on July 9, 2007, aged 87. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.933746 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Huang Junhua'
Huang Junhua (; born 29 December | Huang Junhua (; born 29 December 1985) is a Chinese footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for Hebei China Fortune.
Huang Junhua started his professional football career with Beijing Guoan in the 2002 Chinese Super League. He then transferred to Shanghai Shenhua in 2006 and helped the club win the league title in 2007. Huang transferred to Hebei China Fortune in January 2013.
Huang Junhua has made one appearance for the Chinese national team. He made his debut for the national team in a friendly match against Thailand on 5 March 2010.
Huang Junhua was born in Beijing, China. He has two younger brothers, Huang Dongpeng and Huang Chengliang, both of whom are footballers. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.293394 | [
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Why is it that big semi trucks last for hundreds of thousands of miles, but some cars start breaking at just about 100, 000? Small cars have less stress on the engine too, due to the significant weight differences... Please explain like I' m five. | Semi trucks are built to last a long time because they are used for heavy hauling and need to be able to withstand a lot of wear and tear. They are also designed with very strong and durable parts that can withstand the demands of the job. On the other hand, smaller cars are not built to handle as much wear and tear as semi trucks. They are designed for people who use them for everyday transportation and do not need them to be as tough as a semi truck. Because of this, they are not built with as strong or durable parts as semi trucks, which can cause them to break down more easily. Additionally, smaller cars typically have smaller engines, which means they do not have to work as hard as the engines in semi trucks. This can also contribute to smaller cars lasting for a shorter period of time than semi trucks. Overall, the main reason that semi trucks last for hundreds of thousands of miles while smaller cars may start breaking down after just 100,000 miles is that semi trucks are built to handle more wear and tear and are made with stronger and more durable parts. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 8.094147 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Galloway (car)'
Galloway was a Scottish car maker founded | Galloway was a Scottish car maker founded in 1920 as a subsidiary company to Arrol-Johnston. It was based at first at Tongland, Kirkcudbrightshire, and from 1923 at Heathall, Dumfries. It closed in 1928. History
The company was very unusual in the world of car making in that it was largely run and staffed by women. For a while the cars were advertised as "a car made by ladies for others of their sex". The factory had originally been built as a wartime aero engine plant and Thomas Pullinger, the manager of Arrol-Johnston, was persuaded by his daughter Dorothée Pullinger to keep the factory open to provide local employment. She was made a director of the new enterprise and set up training courses and apprenticeships specifically for local women. The apprenticeships were to last for three rather than the usual five years as the girls were thought to be better at attending and quicker learners than boys. | wiki-intro | 0 | 27.986195 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Edmond-Charles Genêt'
Edmond-Charles Genêt (January 8, 1763July 14, 1834), | Edmond-Charles Genêt (January 8, 1763July 14, 1834), also known as Citizen Genêt, was the French envoy to the United States appointed by the Girondins during the French Revolution. His actions on arriving in the United States led to a major political and international incident, which was termed the Citizen Genêt Affair. Because of his actions, President George Washington asked the French government to recall him. The Mountain, having risen to power at the same time, replaced Genêt and issued a warrant for his arrest. Fearing for his life, Genêt asked for asylum in America, which was granted by Washington. Genêt stayed in the United States until his death. Historian Carol Berkin argues that the Genêt affair bolstered popular respect for the president and strengthened his role in dealing with foreign affairs. Early life and education
Genêt was born in Versailles in 1763. He was the ninth and final child of a French civil servant, Edmond Jacques Genêt (1726–1781), who was a head clerk in the ministry of foreign affairs. The elder Genêt analyzed British naval strength during the Seven Years' War and monitored the progress of the American Revolutionary War. His eldest sister was Jeanne-Louise-Henriette Campan, who became an educator and author. Aglaé-Louise Auguié (1782-1854), who was the wife of Marshal Ney of France, was Genêt's niece. | wiki-intro | 0 | 17.823469 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'University of Ostrava'
The University of Ostrava (Czech Ostravská univerzita) | The University of Ostrava (Czech Ostravská univerzita) is a public university in the city of Ostrava, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. Founded in 1991, it is the newest public university in Ostrava. It consists of six faculties and two institutes providing university education. History
The University of Ostrava was founded on 28 September 1991. Its origins can be traced back to 1953, when a training college for future primary school teachers was opened in the nearby town of Opava. In 1959, all teacher training within the region was streamlined into a single institution – the newly established Pedagogical Institute in Ostrava. Five years later, the institute was awarded university status and became an independent Faculty of Education, offering four-year degree courses to future primary school teachers. The range of degrees was later extended to include a five-year programme for future teachers of higher year groups. Gradually, other faculties, departments and research centres joined the University of Ostrava, shifting the focus from teachers to research and innovation in general. | wiki-intro | 0 | 12.986134 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Elaine Padmore'
Elaine Marguirite Padmore (born 1947) is | Elaine Marguirite Padmore (born 1947) is a British-Guyanese writer, philosopher and political activist.
Padmore was born in 1947 in the British colony of Guyana, to a Guyanese father and an English mother. She left Guyana for England at the age of 18 to study philosophy at the University of East Anglia. She later worked as a teacher, before becoming actively involved in Marxist politics.
Padmore is best known for her feminist writing, which has focused on issues such as women's liberation, ecology, and anti-racism. She has also written books on Eastern philosophy and politics, and has spoken on these topics around the world. Padmore currently resides in London. | wiki-intro | 1 | 10.663859 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Popobawa'
Popobawa, also Popo Bawa, is the name | Popobawa, also Popo Bawa, is the name given to the second largest town in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Popobawa is located on the shores of the Congo River, about 290 kilometers north-northwest of Kinshasa. At the time of the 2009 census, the town had a population of 104,314.
Popobawa was founded in 1910 by a group of settlers who had come from Bas-Congo. It became a center for logging and agriculture. In recent years, Popobawa has become an important tourist destination, thanks to its natural attractions and its proximity to Kinshasa. The city has a casino, a hospital, and a number of hotels.
The economy of Popobawa is based largely on tourism. There are also some small industries, including Textile production. The main exports are coffee and timber. | wiki-intro | 1 | 10.437597 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Big Sister (brothel)'
Big Sister was a brothel in Prague, | Big Sister was a brothel in Prague, Czech Republic, and an online voyeuristic pay site. Operating from 2005 to 2010, it described itself as the only brothel where customers could use the women's services for free, subsidized by paying Internet viewers; live video and audio streams and archived videos of the activity in the brothel were available on the website for a fee. As well as these subscription fees, the brothel generated income from sales of DVDs of recorded footage of the women with the brothel's clients, as well as amateur couples that visited the building, and footage of the filming of adult productions that took place on site.
The name of the club was a reference to the television series Big Brother, in which contestants live in a house with cameras in every room, recording their every action. History
Located at Nádražní 893/46 in the Smíchov district of Prague, Big Sister opened as a brothel in May 2004, and the Internet operation began in April 2005. It was established for about €5 million by two Austrian businessmen, one being Heribert Greinix. They had been active in the Prague night life for seven years and also own other Prague establishments, including the Prague sex club K5. | wiki-intro | 0 | 20.559469 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Herman Santiago'
Herman Santiago (born February 18, 1941) is | Herman Santiago (born February 18, 1941) is a Puerto Rican rock and roll pioneer and songwriter who was previously a member of the vocal group Frankie Lymon and the Teenagers. He (disputedly) co-wrote the group's iconic hit "Why Do Fools Fall in Love". Early years
Santiago was born in San Juan, Puerto Rico and raised in Manhattan, New York. In the early 1950s Santiago and friends, 2nd tenor Jimmy Merchant, fellow Puerto Rican Joe Negroni a baritone, and bassman Sherman Garnes, would meet in front of Santiago's apartment stoop (building stairs) and sing songs to the beat of the Doo-Wop genre. They originally called themselves the "Ermines" and Santiago was their lead singer. On one occasion the "Ermines" participated in a talent show at PS 143 (Public School 143), at which another group, "The Cadillacs" were guests. After the show, in honor of the "Cadillacs", they changed their name to the "Coupe de Villes." This name only lasted a short time and they soon changed it to the "Premiers." | wiki-intro | 0 | 23.797895 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Tifa Lockhart'
is a character in Square's (now Square | is a character in Square's (now Square Enix) role-playing video game Final Fantasy VII, its high-definition remake, and several of its sequels and spinoffs. Created and designed by Tetsuya Nomura, she has since appeared in the fighting game Ehrgeiz and made cameo appearances in several other titles, as well as the CGI film sequel to Final Fantasy VII, Advent Children and related games and media in the Compilation of Final Fantasy VII series. A member of the eco-terrorist group AVALANCHE and owner of the 7th Heaven bar in the slums of Midgar, Tifa is the childhood friend of Cloud Strife, the protagonist of Final Fantasy VII. Convincing him to join the group to keep him close and safe, she later assists him in saving the Planet from the game's villain, Sephiroth. Installments in The Compilation of Final Fantasy VII later expanded upon her character, such as in the film Advent Children, where she attempts to convince Cloud to let go of his self-imposed guilt and move on with his life after Sephiroth's defeat. | wiki-intro | 0 | 8.576732 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Trisoxazolines'
Trisoxazolines (Often abbreviated TRISOX or TOX) are | Trisoxazolines (Often abbreviated TRISOX or TOX) are a class of compounds with the chemical formula C7H5N3O2. They are a group of toxic, nitrogen-containing heterocycles. The trisoxazoline family includes the following compounds:
Trisoxazoline derivatives are used as disinfectants, herbicides, and insecticides. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.259884 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Virtual Villagers'
Virtual Villagers is a series of village | Virtual Villagers is a series of village-building video games for the Nintendo DS, Wii and 3DS platforms.
Virtual Villagers was first released in 2006 for the Nintendo DS. The game is a village-building video game in which players are tasked with creating a settlement of villagers that can survive in the game's challenging environment. The game was followed by Virtual Villagers 2 in 2007, and Virtual Villagers 3 in 2010. In addition to the Nintendo DS, the Wii and 3DS versions of the game have been released, with the Wii version also being released on the Nintendo 3DS Virtual Console. Each installment of the Virtual Villagers series has received generally positive reviews from critics. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.674288 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Jerome Robinson'
Jerome Robinson (born February 22, 1997) is | Jerome Robinson (born February 22, 1997) is an American professional basketball player for the Indiana Pacers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Arizona Wildcats.
Robinson was born in Columbus, Ohio, to Jerome Robinson Sr., a former collegiate and professional player who played in the NBA and Europe, and Lynette Robinson, a former collegiate and professional player who also played in the WNBA. His great-grandfather, Jerome Robinson, was also a professional player. Robinson attended Northland High School in Columbus.
Robinson played college basketball for the Arizona Wildcats. In his freshman season, he averaged 10.5 points and 5.0 rebounds per game. In his sophomore season, he averaged 16.3 points and 7.3 rebounds per game. In his junior season, he averaged 22.5 points and 11.0 rebounds per game. In his senior season, he averaged 28.9 points and 12.8 rebounds per game.
After going undrafted in the 2018 NBA draft, Robinson signed with the Indiana Pacers on July 6, 2018. He made his NBA debut on October 18, 2018 against the Milwaukee Bucks, recording three points and two rebounds in 15 minutes off the bench. | wiki-intro | 1 | 4.358234 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Sam Holbrook'
Samuel Woodford Holbrook (born July 7, 1965) | Samuel Woodford Holbrook (born July 7, 1965) is an American actor, director, and writer.
Holbrook was born in Houston, Texas, the son of actress Patty Duke and actor John Holbrook. His maternal grandparents were the vaudeville entertainer Eddie Dowling and his wife, Lillian (née Dolan). Holbrook's father was of English, Irish, Scottish, Welsh, and German descent and his mother had some distant Native American ancestry. Holbrook has stated that he grew up mainly in Newport Beach, California.
Holbrook began his acting career in the early 1990s with guest appearances on television series such as "Murder She Wrote" and "The Wonder Years". He made his feature film debut in the 1994 comedy-drama "Liar Liar". In 1996, he starred in the thriller "The Craft", which received critical acclaim and earned him a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. He followed this with roles in the dramas "The Mist" (1997), "The Crossing Guard" (1998), and "Patriot Games" (2000).
In 2003, Holbrook starred as Dr. Richard Kimble in the NBC drama series "The Closer". The show ran for six seasons until May 19, 2011. In 2007, he starred as Deputy US Marshal Raylan Givens in the FX drama series "Justified". The show ran for four seasons until March 17, 2014. In 2013, he appeared in the biographical drama film "L | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.685225 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Americas II'
AMERICAS-II is a fiber optic submarine communications | AMERICAS-II is a fiber optic submarine communications cable system that will connect North and South America. The cable system will have a total length of about 8,000 kilometers and will be built in two phases. The first phase will have a total of 4,000 kilometers of fiber and the second phase will have 2,000 kilometers of fiber. The system will be built by TE Subcom, a subsidiary of Telefónica Group.
The Americas II cable system is a planned undersea telecommunications cable system that will connect North and South America. The cable system will have a total length of about 8,000 kilometers and will be built in two phases. The first phase will have a total of 4,000 kilometers of fiber and the second phase will have 2,000 kilometers of fiber. The system will be built by TE Subcom, a subsidiary of Telefónica Group.
The Americas II cable system is expected to improve connectivity between North and South America by providing a faster and more reliable alternative to traditional satellite communications. The cable system is also expected to reduce the cost of telecommunications services in both regions by reducing the amount of data that must be transferred overland via terrestrial networks.
The Americas II cable system is scheduled to be operational by 2020. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.887376 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Reams of Verse'
Reams of Verse (23 April 1994 – | Reams of Verse (23 April 1994 – 2009) was an American-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare best known for winning The Oaks in 1997. In a racing career which lasted from July 1996 to October 1997 the filly ran nine times and won five races. Reams of Verse was one of the leading European two-year-old fillies of 1996 when she won three of her four races, including the May Hill Stakes at Doncaster and the Fillies' Mile at Ascot. She was unplaced in the 1000 Guineas the following spring but then won the Musidora Stakes at York and the Classic Oaks over one and a half miles at Epsom. She was beaten in her two remaining races, finishing fourth in the Yorkshire Oaks and third in the Sun Chariot Stakes. Background
Reams of Verse was a chestnut mare with a white star and one white sock, bred in Kentucky by her owner Khalid Abdulla's Juddmonte Farms. Reams of Verse was sired by the disqualified 2000 Guineas winner Nureyev out of the Roberto mare Modena. Apart from Reams of Verse, Nureyev sired the winners of at least forty-five Group One/Grade I including Peintre Celebre, Spinning World, Zilzal, Stravinsky and Miesque. His career as a stallion has been described as "outstanding". Modena had previously produced the Eclipse Stakes winner Elmaamul and was a half-sister to Zaizafon, the dam of the 2000 Guineas winner Zafonic. Another, half-sister, Midsummer, produced the racemare Midday, the winner of six Group One races. | wiki-intro | 0 | 53.648335 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Norman Wharton'
Clarence Norman Wharton (28 July 1903 in | Clarence Norman Wharton (28 July 1903 in Askam-in-Furness, Lancashire, England – July 1961) was an English footballer. Career
He started his career with Askam, before joining Barrow in 1922. After making 44 league appearances for the club, he joined Preston North End in 1925. He made 13 league appearances for the club and rejoined Barrow in 1927. He moved to Sheffield United for a fee of £250 in 1928. He joined Norwich City in 1931 after making 70 league appearances for United. He won a Third Division South championship medal with them in the 1933–34 season. After making 101 league appearances for them, he joined Doncaster Rovers in May 1935. He joined York City in 1936 after making five league appearances for Rovers. He appeared in the club's 16 FA Cup ties played in the 1936–37 and 1937–38 seasons. He joined Leeds United in August 1939 after making 134 appearances for York. He made two league appearances for United. | wiki-intro | 0 | 13.343478 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Goodbye Luv''
Goodbye Luv' is a compilation album by | Goodbye Luv' is a compilation album by Dutch girl group Luv' released by CNR/Carrere Records in 1981 after the formation announced its break-up. It features hit singles taken from the studio albums True Luv' (1979) and Forever Yours (1980) and scored in the charts between 1979 and 1981 (Ooh, Yes I Do, Ann-Maria, One More Little Kissie, My Number One, Tingalingaling). Background
The fact that Luv' disbanded came as no surprise. The problems started in August 1980 when Patty Brard left the trio. She was replaced by Ria Thielsch who was officially introduced to the public with the release of "My Number One" which was a big selling single in Benelux. Soon after, the tensions within the group, the hectic schedule of the ladies and Marga Scheide's overwork provoked the end of Luv'. In July 1981, the singers made a farewell performance on the Nederland Muziekland show on Veronica by singing "Tingalingaling" (which was released as a single). This final broadcast was filmed in Spakenburg. Luv' also appeared at the Efteling theme park during Hitkrant's Zomerspelen (a summer multi-sport event with Dutch celebrities which was organized by Hitkrant, a teen magazine). | wiki-intro | 0 | 78.655609 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Guanganmen incident'
The , or Kuanganmen Incident, was an | The , or Kuanganmen Incident, was an attack on the Japanese army by the National Revolutionary Army’s 29th Army that occurred on 26 July 1937 in the opening stages of the Second Sino-Japanese War in Beiping, now Beijing, which was the under the control of the Hebei–Chahar Political Council. It occurred following the Marco Polo Bridge Incident of 7 July, and the Langfang Incident of 25 July. At the time, the Chinese army was already amassing in large numbers at Baoding and Shijiazhuang in the southern half of Hebei and at Datong in Shanxi, and had the Japanese army enclosed on all side in the Fengtai District, while on the Japanese side, newly mobilized units of the Kwantung Army and the Japanese Korean Army were in the process of reaching the area of Tianjin and Beiping. The Kuanganmen Incident was an incident that occurred while the degree of tension between the two armies was increasing. | wiki-intro | 0 | 23.561356 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'James Fussell IV'
James Fussell IV (1748–1832) was an iron | James Fussell IV (1748–1832) was an ironmonger and political activist in the United States.
Born in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1748, Fussell was the son of James Fussell III and Sarah (née Hull) Fussell. After working in his father's ironmongery business, he opened his own shop in New York City around 1775. In addition to his ironmongery business, Fussell was a prominent political activist, serving as a delegate to the Continental Congress in 1777 and 1787, and as a justice of the peace for New York City. He died in New York City in 1832.
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Balloon modelling'
Balloon modelling or balloon twisting is the | Balloon modelling or balloon twisting is the art of blowing or twisting latex or other balloons into interesting and sometimes whimsical shapes. It is a popular pastime for children and adults, and can be enjoyed for its own sake or as part of a larger art project.
The earliest reference to balloon modelling is from 1895, when a French magazine published a drawing of a man blowing a balloon into the shape of a fish. Balloon modelling rose to popularity in the 1920s, when it was used by circus performers and artists as an efficient way to transport large objects. Today, balloon modelling is a popular art form enjoyed by people all over the world.
To start balloon modelling, you will need some latex balloons (at least 20), some scissors, tape, and something to help you hold the balloons (a chopstick, bottle top, or spoon are all good options). Once you have your supplies ready, it's time to get started!
To begin balloon modelling, first find a shape that you want to create. You can think about what you want your balloon to look like, or you can simply start twisting the balloons around your hand until you find something that looks interesting. Once you have your shape in mind, it's time to start attaching the balloons!
To attach the balloons, first put one end of the balloon around your finger and pull it tight. Then, put the other end of the balloon over the top of the first one and tape it down. You can also use scissors to cut off any | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.77499 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Ligitan'
Ligitan is a small island in | Ligitan is a small island in Tawau, Sabah, located east of the island of Borneo, in the Celebes Sea. In the past, the island was at the centre of a territorial dispute between Malaysia and Indonesia. The matter was brought for adjudication before the International Court of Justice and, at the end of 2002, the Court awarded the island along with the island of Sipadan to Malaysia, on the basis of the "effective occupation" displayed by the latter's predecessor (Malaysia's former colonial power, Great Britain) and the absence of any other superior title. The Philippines had applied to intervene in the proceedings on the basis of its claim to Northern Borneo, but its request was turned down by the Court early in 2001. As a result of Filipino militant intrusion in 2000, the island management together with Sipadan was put under the Malaysian National Security Council (NSC). On 8 July 2019, Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad has agreed in principle to return the management of both islands from the NSC back to the Sabah government under Sabah Tourism, Culture and Environment Ministry with the takeover will be done once the federal Cabinet approving the request. | wiki-intro | 0 | 21.439816 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Georgia Hussars'
The Georgia Hussars are a cavalry unit | The Georgia Hussars are a cavalry unit founded before the American Revolution that continues today as part of the Georgia National Guard. The Hussars served the State of Georgia as part of the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War, and after reconciliation served in Mexico, World War I, World War II, Korea, Vietnam, Desert Storm, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and The War on Terror. History
General James Oglethorpe organized the Georgia Hussars in 1736, to protect the newly established colony of Georgia. The Georgia Hussars fought in all of America's wars, including the American Civil War. Immediately after the War of 1812, the Chatham Light Dragoons and the Chatham Hussars merged into the Georgia Hussars. They volunteered for service in the Indian War of 1835–1836, and for the War with Mexico. They remained a cavalry regiment from their founding until 1940, and they continue serving Georgia today as part of the Georgia National Guard. | wiki-intro | 0 | 10.177879 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Romuva (religion)'
Romuva is a neo-pagan movement attempting to | Romuva is a neo-pagan movement attempting to reconstruct the religious practices of the Lithuanians before their Christianization in 1387. Practitioners of Romuva claim to continue Baltic pagan traditions which survived in folklore and customs. Romuva is a polytheistic pagan faith which asserts the sanctity of nature and ancestor worship. Practicing the Romuva faith is seen by many adherents as a form of cultural pride, along with celebrating traditional forms of art, retelling Baltic folklore, practising traditional holidays, playing traditional Baltic music, singing traditional (songs) as well as ecological activism and stewarding sacred places. Romuva primarily exists in Lithuania but there are also congregations of adherents in Australia, Canada, Russia, the United States, and England. There are believers of Baltic pagan faiths in other nations, including Dievturība in Latvia. According to the 2001 census, there were approximately 1,200 people in Lithuania identifying with Romuva. That number jumped to around 5,100 in the 2011 census. | wiki-intro | 0 | 26.063719 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Brekke'
Brekke is a former municipality in the | Brekke is a former municipality in the traditional district of Nord-Trøndelag in the county of Trøndelag, Norway. The municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 1964. The municipality included the eastern part of the present-day municipality of Namsos.
The municipality was established on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). On 1 January 1964, Brekke was dissolved and merged with Namsos to form the new municipality of Namsos. | wiki-intro | 1 | 14.409634 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Said al-Muragha'
Col. Saeed Musa Muragha (1927 – | Col. Saeed Musa Muragha (1927 – 29 January 2013) was a former captain in the Jordanian army until he defected and joined the PLO in 1970. He is well known among Palestinians as Abu Musa. Early years
Abu Musa was born in Silwan. As a Palestinian, Abu Musa joined the Jordanian Army in 1948 and rose to become commander of an artillery battalion in 1969. During this period he was sent to receive a military education at the prestigious British Sandhurst Military Academy. In October 1970, after the Black September fighting, Abu Musa left the Jordanian army to join the PLO and relocated with most of the Palestinian Resistance to Lebanon. Here Abu Musa rose to command an alliance between the PLO and Lebanese militias, which fought the Syrians when Syria intervened in the Lebanese Civil War in 1976. In 1978 the Syrian government unsuccessfully attempted to assassinate him. | wiki-intro | 0 | 16.80599 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Compilation film'
A compilation film, or compilation movie is | A compilation film, or compilation movie is a film made from a series of shorter films or episodes. The term may also describe a work that assembles various short works into one long work.
Compilation films can be made for a variety of reasons, including to preserve or archive a body of work, to promote the public consumption of short films, or to provide an overview of a certain topic or movement. They may also be made for commercial reasons to attract an audience to a particular film series.
Notable compilation films include " montage ", " 8 1/2 ", and " triptych ". | wiki-intro | 1 | 13.632164 | [
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Why do electronics get hot when we use them? It seems my phone gets warmer if I am using my GPS, why does this happen? What's physically going on that is creating more heat? Please explain like I' m five. | Energy can't be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another. The electronics in your phone can't remove the energy from your phone's battery, they just convert nice useful electrical energy into less useful energy like heat (and a little bit of light for the screen and some sound, perhaps). It's in this conversion from higher order energy into lower order that they can do some useful work. The chips in your phone have to do more work if they're running a GPS receiver or playing games; so your battery drains more and your phone gets hotter. Ultimately, electricity is running through more wires, and all wires act as tiny heaters to some extent. Obviously, chip manufacturers try to minimise the amount of heat generated, but some is always necessary. Heat is a byproduct of any process that moves energy around, be it electrical, mechanical, or chemical. The more work a computer does, the more power it needs to move, thus the more heat is produced. The transistors in every computer chip generate heat when they are in use. When the chips in your phone are processing data they are drawing the electricity in your phones battery and using it to switch the transistors, and heat is a byproduct. The more the chip works the more heat is generated. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 13.067041 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Vema Fracture Zone'
The Vema Fracture Zone is a fracture | The Vema Fracture Zone is a fracture zone in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. It offsets the Mid-Atlantic Ridge by 320 km to the left. Its transform valley has a depth of 5000m. The fracture zone can be traced for over 2500 km east to west. Exploration history
From temperature data gathered from the deep ocean on the German Meteor expedition (1925-1927) Georg Wüst already suspected that there should be a passage through the Mid-Atlantic Ridge around latitude 9 North. The Vema Fracture Zone was then discovered in 1956 by G.R. Hamilton on board , with additional surveying taking place in the years 1959–1960. In the 1960s research was done by , , RV Chain, RV Argo and . The fault was subsequently explored by the French research vessel Jean Charcot in 1977 using its SeaBeam Classic multibeam echosounder, the French submersible Nautile and its mothership RV Nadir in 1989, the US in 1993, and the Russian RV Akademik Nikolay Strakhov in 1998, making it one of the world's best surveyed seafloor features. | wiki-intro | 0 | 40.201569 | [
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Is there a bank account that allows ACH deposits but not ACH withdrawals? | Nowadays, all checks you write will not be send to your bank anymore, but instead the bank where they get deposited does an ACH from your bank. That implies that not allowing this to happen, your bank would not be able to honor any checks you wrote (without enforcing paper check delivery in the mail, but the Check21 bill does not allow such enforcing anymore). Basically, your bank would not be able to do business with anyone. The obvious conclusion is that no such bank exists. | hc3-finance | 0 | 23.218552 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Cream Hill Shelter'
The Cream Hill Shelter is a rustic | The Cream Hill Shelter is a rustic log shelter in Housatonic State Forest in Cornwall, Connecticut. Built in 1988, it replaced what was at the time one of three surviving log shelters constructed by the Civilian Conservation Corps in Connecticut. The historic shelter it replaced, built in 1935, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. Description and history
The Cream Hill Shelter is located deep in the woods of northern Cornwall, off Wickwire Road, a forest road (closed to traffic due to a washed-out stream crossing) that runs easterly from Cream Hill Road, roughly paralleling Reed Brook to the south. It is set on a Blue-Blazed Trail a short way south of that road, about east of Cream Hill Road. It is a small log structure, with a gabled roof and dry-laid fieldstone foundation. The rectangular structure, open on one side, is built out of saddle-notched logs, with a sill across the base of the open side to add stability. | wiki-intro | 0 | 29.854542 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Canadair Sabre'
The Canadair Sabre is a jet fighter | The Canadair Sabre is a jet fighter aircraft used by the Canadian Forces. Developed in the late 1950s, it entered service in the early 1960s and was the backbone of Canada's air combat capability for several decades. The Sabre is being replaced by the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II.
The Canadair Sabre is a single-seat, twin-engine jet fighter that was developed in the late 1950s as a replacement for the Canadair Sabres. The Sabre entered service with the Canadian Forces in the early 1960s and became the backbone of Canada's air combat capability. Over its lifespan, it was employed in a variety of roles, including air superiority, ground attack, and intelligence gathering. The Sabre was replaced by the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II in the late 2010s. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.575183 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Monotonix'
Monotonix were a garage rock band from | Monotonix were a garage rock band from London, England, who formed in 1978.
The band released two studio albums, "The Monotonix" (1980) and "Bizarre Love Triangle" (1981), before splitting up in 1982.
Monotonix reformed in 2006 and released "Between the Buried and Me" (2007). The band toured extensively throughout Europe and North America in support of the album, and played at several festivals, including Reading and Leeds. In 2009, they released their third album, "Oxygen Not Included", which received critical acclaim.
The band announced their break-up in 2013, after which original drummer Jason Caffery formed a new project called The Get Up Kids. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.118402 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill'
The Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill was first introduced | The Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill was first introduced in the United States Congress in 1935. The bill called for a federal commission to investigate lynching and make recommendations to the government on how to stop the practice. The bill failed to pass in 1935, but was reintroduced in 1937 and passed in 1938. The bill was re-introduced in 1945, but failed again. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.113497 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Baháʼí radio'
Since 1977, the international community of the | Since 1977, the international community of the Baháʼí Faith has established several radio stations worldwide, particularly in the Americas. Programmes may include local news, music, topics related to socio-economic and community development, educational programmes focusing on indigenous language and culture, and Baháʼí introductory and deepening material. History
Since the 1960s there has been interest in mass media to promote and support development projects. This was followed by a view that the service of the community was through the participation of the community and spread of information. A series of UNESCO conferences lead to advancing the issues until in 1978 a conference was held in Ecuador. At that conference researchers summarized developments along these lines and noted challenges such projects faced and a few ways such projects failed while also noting that village radio stations seemed to be a nice fit because of the necessary quality of communication in a society. The Baháʼí Radio project in Ecuador served as a means to study the process of the two trends by setting up a community radio station of the community for the community - and may have been the first such project in all Latin America aimed at serving the campesinos as its primary purpose with development oriented programming. It mixed national music forms with public service features (lost and found, messages to individuals, official communications, but looking to develop more.) The project was studied through faculty from Northwestern University from 1980 to 1982, and briefly in 1983, and reviewed Baháʼí Radio projects in Peru and Bolivia as well and resulted in a PhD by Kurt John Hein in 1985 following which he took up service at WLGI Radio Baháʼí. | wiki-intro | 0 | 62.358547 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Diana McSherry'
Diana McSherry (born 1945) is an American | Diana McSherry (born 1945) is an American computer scientist and biophysicist. She is known for her research in and development of computer-based systems to analyze heart function. Her system produced computer images of the circulation system and heart, allowing physicians to observe circulatory and heart functions without surgery. This system was developed in the 1970s and was revolutionary at the time, given that computational approaches to medicine was a burgeoning field. Education
McSherry received her B.A. in physics in 1965 from Harvard University. She went on to earn an M.A., also in physics, from Rice University in 1967. McSherry continued her education at Rice University, earning a Ph.D. in nuclear physics in 1969. She stayed at Rice University for one year after receiving her Ph.D. as a fellow in nuclear physics. After this stint as a fellow at Rice, McSherry changed career tracks and has spent the rest of her career working in the corporate field. | wiki-intro | 0 | 12.247754 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Nigeria National League'
The Nigerian National League (formerly known as | The Nigerian National League (formerly known as the Nigerian Premier League) is the top professional football league in Nigeria. It was created in 1993 as a replacement for the old National Football League which had been in operation since 1956. The league is made up of 16 teams, with each team playing 34 matches during the season. The winner of the Nigerian National League is automatically promoted to the Premier League, while the second-place team enters a promotion/relegation play-off with the winners of the Nigeria National First Division.
The Nigerian National League has been dominated by two teams since its inception: Plateau United and Enyimba. Plateau United have won all but two of the league's championships, while Enyimba have won six titles. Other notable clubs include Kano Pillars, Lobi Stars, Wikki Tourists, and Akwa United. The league has also produced many international players, including Samuel Eto'o, Emmanuel Emenike, John Obi Mikel, and Victor Moses. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.32243 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Roger Peckinpaugh'
Roger Thorpe Peckinpaugh (February 5, 1891 – | Roger Thorpe Peckinpaugh (February 5, 1891 – November 17, 1977) was an American professional baseball player shortstop and manager. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1910 through 1927, during which he played for the Cleveland Naps, New York Yankees, Washington Senators and Chicago White Sox. Nap Lajoie discovered Peckinpaugh as a high school student, and signed him to his first professional contract. Peckinpaugh debuted with the Naps, who traded him to the Yankees in 1913. He managed the Yankees for 20 games in 1914 and was the team captain for the remainder of his time with the club. The Senators acquired Peckinpaugh, where he continued to play until his final season, spent with the White Sox. After his playing career, Peckinpaugh managed the Indians from 1928 through 1933 and in 1941. He was also a minor league baseball manager, and served in the front office of the Indians and Buffalo Bisons from 1942 through 1947. | wiki-intro | 0 | 11.246246 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Stereoselectivity'
In chemistry, stereoselectivity is the property of | In chemistry, stereoselectivity is the property of a reaction involving two or more reactants, where some of the resulting products are of specific stereoisomers. The term is most often used in the context of organic chemistry, but it can also be applied to inorganic chemistry.
Stereoselectivity is most often achieved when one of the reactants is a pure stereoisomer. In some cases, two stereoisomers of a compound can react together to form a third stereoisomer. If the reaction is reversible, then the product can be separated into its pure stereoisomers. If the reaction is not reversible, then the product mixture will contain both pure and impure stereoisomers.
The factors that influence the degree of stereoselectivity in a reaction are known as stereochemistry principles. The most important principle is chirality, which determines the handedness of a molecule. Other principles include optical activity, configurational entropy, and steric hindrance.
The use of stereoselective catalysts can greatly increase the yield of a particular compound from a reaction. Stereoselective catalysts are also important in asymmetric synthesis, because they allow for the creation of specific enantiomers without the use of chiral materials. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.885865 | [
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If you need a program to write a program how was first program made? i was at work when i first posted this and just checked it now. thanks so much for all the information. this is all so amazing to me Explain like I' m five. | Quick answer: The first computers were actually programmed directly in binary, by writing zeros and ones with switches. Originally, computers were programmed by physically flipping switches on the hardware. Eventually, programmable computers were invented that could read what's termed "machine code", which is just a sequence of data that makes very little sense to a human. For instance, "00000101" tells the computer to decrement (subtract 1 from) the "B" register. This is easier than flipping switches, especially since programs can more easily be saved and re-run, but the programs are still hard to write. Next came assembly languages. They represented machine code in a more human-readable form, but there was still a 1-to-1 mapping from assembly to machine code (now you can decrement the B register by writing "DEC B" instead of "00000101"), so you're still telling the CPU exactly what to do at a low level. Assembly languages are converted directly to machine code using another program called an "assembler", which were written in machine code themselves. Now that you have assembly languages, which are easier to write than machine code despite being the same thing in a different format, you can start writing compiled languages with ease (well, with great difficulty, really, but easier than writing a bunch of binary numbers to do stuff). Compiled languages let you represent instructions in a much more abstract way that makes a * lot * more sense to humans. You also need a "compiler" (similar to the assembler from before, but tons more complex) to convert the code to machine code. And now that we have compiled languages, we can write better, more efficient, faster compilers in that language, and compile them with the older compilers that they'll then replace. So now we're at a place where, so long as we're using the same hardware, no one has to touch machine code to write programs. [LI5] Actually you * * don't * * need a program to write a program! The first computers didn't have keyboards or monitors, they were big big machines with tons of moveable wires and printers and lights. Instead of sitting down and telling a computer how to work directly into the computer (like we do now), people would sit down with paper and pencils and write out how to move the wires around to get the computer to do what they wanted it to do! Then other people would follow the instructions written down and plug in the wires into the correct locations. This is how the first programs that * * ran * * were made. As time progressed, new technology was invented and computers got fancier. There's a type of program called a compiler ([the first one appears to have been created by Grace Hopper] (URL_ 0)) that converts a language that is (sort of) easy for humans to understand into something that a computer can understand. This is an example of using a program to write a program, but it isn't necessary! You can always go back down to the lowest level which is comparable to moving wires around like scientists did back in the old days! Some other things to note: These days, even without any "programs" on your computer, you still have programs on your computer! Hardware like your motherboard have computer programs written into them. They don't function in exactly the same way, but they can perform very similar things. Some motherboards even come with their own entire Operating System. The code is still there, but it isn't saved to the devices in the same way that we save computer programs onto our computers. I spoke about contemporary computer programs, but there's some interesting history dealing with programs close to 100 years before a computer was ever built! [Charles Babbage] (URL_ 3) designed a machine called the [difference engine] (URL_ 1). It was never built in his time, but it would've been a large mechanical contraption that received programs through levers, switches, dials and wheels. The first programs * * ever * * were written by [Ada Lovelace] (URL_ 2) for Babbage's differential engine, though they were never used in their times because the machine was not built until | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 23.527277 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Trigga (album)'
Trigga is the sixth studio album by | Trigga is the sixth studio album by Swedish artist M.I.A. It was released on 14 September 2015, by Interscope Records.
The album was preceded by the release of the singles "Man Down" and "Nuclear Seasons". The album has been met with generally positive reviews from music critics, who praised its production and M.I.A.'s lyrical content. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.236872 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'HMS Achilles'
Six ships of the Royal Navy have | Six ships of the Royal Navy have been named Achilles:
-HMS Achilles (1797)
-HMS Achilles (1805)
-HMS Achilles (1809)
-HMS Achilles (1811)
-HMS Achilles (1814)
-HMS Achilles (1819). | wiki-intro | 1 | 28.44536 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Villaldama, Nuevo León'
Villaldama is a municipality in the state | Villaldama is a municipality in the state of Nuevo León, Mexico. The municipality has an area of 1,966.5 km². The population was 10,816 as of the census of 2000. | wiki-intro | 1 | 10.192889 | [
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Lester Raymond Brown (March 14, 1912 – | Lester Raymond Brown (March 14, 1912 – January 4, 2001) was an American jazz musician who led the big band Les Brown and His Band of Renown for nearly seven decades from 1938 to 2000. Biography
Brown was born in Reinerton, Pennsylvania. He enrolled in the Conway Military Band School (later part of Ithaca College) in 1926, studying with famous bandleader Patrick Conway for three years before receiving a music scholarship to the New York Military Academy, where he graduated in 1932. Brown attended college at Duke University from 1932 to 1936. There he led the group Les Brown and His Blue Devils, who performed regularly on Duke's campus and up and down the east coast. Brown took the band on an extensive summer tour in 1936. At the end of the tour, while some of the band members returned to Duke to continue their education, others stayed on with Brown and continued to tour, becoming in 1938 the Band of Renown. The band's original drummer, Don Kramer, became the acting manager and helped define their future. In 1942, Brown and his band concluded work on an RKO picture, Sweet and Hot; played at the Palladium Ballroom, Hollywood. A few years later, in 1945, this band brought Doris Day into prominence with their recording of "Sentimental Journey". The song's release coincided with the end of World War II in Europe and became an unofficial homecoming theme for many veterans. The band had nine other number-one hit songs, including "I've Got My Love to Keep Me Warm". | wiki-intro | 0 | 19.222906 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Suman Muthe'
Suman Maruti Muthe (born c. 1947) is | Suman Maruti Muthe (born c. 1947) is an Indian artist who primarily paints abstracts and conceptual artworks.
Suman Muthe was born in 1947 in a small village in the state of Bihar, India. He began his artistic training in painting at the age of sixteen, and later attended the School of Fine Arts in Patna, where he studied under the renowned painter Sushil Kumar Modi. Muthe's early work was dominated by realism, but over time he developed an increasingly Abstract style, which has been hailed as one of the most innovative and influential in contemporary Indian art.
Muthe has exhibited his work internationally, including at the prestigious Guggenheim Museum in New York City, the Museum of Modern Art in New York City, and the Tate Modern in London. He has also been awarded several prestigious awards, including the Padma Shri Award and the President's Award from the National Gallery of Modern Art (India).
Suman Muthe is currently based in Mumbai, India. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.396054 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Janeite'
The term Janeite has been both embraced | The term Janeite has been both embraced by devotees of the works of Jane Austen and used as a term of opprobrium. According to Austen scholar Claudia Johnson Janeitism is "the self-consciously idolatrous enthusiasm for 'Jane' and every detail relative to her". History
Janeitism did not begin until after the publication of J. E. Austen-Leigh's A Memoir of Jane Austen in 1870, when the literary elite felt that they had to separate their appreciation of Austen from that of the masses. The term Janeite was originally coined by the literary scholar George Saintsbury in his 1894 introduction to a new edition of Pride and Prejudice. As Austen scholar Deidre Lynch explains, "he meant to equip himself with a badge of honor he could jubilantly pin to his own lapel". It has been said that the early twentieth century, Janeitism was "principally a male enthusiasm shared among publishers, professors, and literati". Rudyard Kipling even published a short story entitled "The Janeites" about a group of World War I soldiers who were secretly fans of Austen's novels. There were, however, late nineteenth and early twentieth-century female devotees of Austen, especially in the New Woman movement and among women's suffrage activists. | wiki-intro | 0 | 23.015997 | [
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