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int64 | perplexity
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Baen Ebooks'
Baen Ebooks is an e-book supplier operated | Baen Ebooks is an e-book supplier operated by Baen Books. It sells e-books for Baen and some other publishers, as well as hosting the Baen Free Library. Unlike most e-book suppliers, it does not use Digital Rights Management (i.e., copy protection). Purchasers can download the same e-book in seven different formats (BBeB, EPUB, HTML, Microsoft Reader Mobipocket, Rocketbook, and RTF), even long after the initial purchase. Their range of genres offered is heavy on science fiction and fantasy. Webscriptions
Until January 2012, Baen sold e-books through Webscriptions, which was established in 1999.
Webscriptions was closely associated with (but apparently legally distinct from) Baen Books. It was owned and operated by Webwrights, a Tennessee company run by Arnold Bailey. Webwrights also ran Baen Books' website and Baen's Bar, a web forum for Baen readers and authors. At first, Webscriptions offered only Baen titles; later, a few other publishers started using Webscriptions after seeing Baen use e-books to significantly increase hardcover sales (for example, by providing the Baen Free Library, which was launched at much the same time as Webscriptions). | wiki-intro | 0 | 19.682758 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Suea Pa Road'
Suea Pa Road, also written as Sueapa | Suea Pa Road, also written as Sueapa Road, is a major north-south road in Krabi Province, southern Thailand. It starts from the intersection of the trunk roads Bangkok–Nakhon Ratchasima and Phuket–Krabi and ends near the border with Malaysia at the town of Hat Yai.
The road is long and runs through the heart of the Krabi Province. It connects the provincial capital, Krabi, with the popular tourist destinations of Ao Nang and Hat Yai. The road has heavy traffic all year round and is often congested during peak tourist season.
The name Sueapa means "hill of rice" in the local dialect of Thai. The road was named after a hill located near the road that was used as a rice storage site by local farmers. | wiki-intro | 1 | 10.913017 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Cross-platform interchange'
A cross-platform interchange is a type of | A cross-platform interchange is a type of software that allows users of different platforms to exchange files and information. It typically allows users of different operating systems to share documents, photos, and videos.
A cross-platform interchange is a type of software that allows users of different platforms to exchange files and information. It typically allows users of different operating systems to share documents, photos, and videos. | wiki-intro | 1 | 4.08327 | [
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How accurate is the statement that we are all made of "stardust"? Did every element/molecule/atom on this earth originate from the stars? Please explain like I' m five. | Yes, it is true that we are all made of "stardust"! Every element, molecule, and atom on Earth, including the carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms in our bodies, was created in the hearts of stars. When stars are born, they are made up of mostly hydrogen and helium gas. As the stars get older and run out of fuel, they start to die. When this happens, the star gets very hot and starts to collapse, or shrink. This makes the star's core, or center, very hot and dense. When the core gets hot and dense enough, the hydrogen atoms start to fuse together, or join, to form helium atoms. This process releases a lot of energy in the form of light and heat. This energy is what makes the star shine. As the star gets even older and runs out of hydrogen, the core will start to fuse helium atoms together to form even heavier elements, such as carbon and oxygen. This process releases even more energy, and the star will shine even brighter. Eventually, the star will use up all of its fuel and will no longer be able to produce energy. At this point, the star will cool down and die. When a star dies, it explodes in a supernova, which is one of the most powerful events in the universe. The explosion from a supernova is so powerful that it can create and scatter new elements all throughout space. These new elements can eventually come together to form new stars, planets, and even life. So, in a way, we are all made of "stardust" because we are made up of the elements created in the hearts of stars. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 6.74188 | [
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what is a constant in math? | A mathematical constant is a special number, usually a real number, that is "significantly interesting in some way". | hc3-open_qa | 0 | 30.994854 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Alvecote Pools'
Alvecote Pools is a Site of Special | Alvecote Pools is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) and nature reserve situated alongside the River Anker, adjacent to the hamlet of Alvecote on the border of Warwickshire and Staffordshire in England. The majority of the reserve lies in the former county. Consisting of two discrete areas, Pooley Fields and Alvecote Meadows, the site covers in total and is the largest SSSI in Warwickshire. First notified in 1955, the site has been owned by the Warwickshire Wildlife Trust since 1997. The site is effectively a series of shallow pools alongside the river that have arisen as an effect of colliery subsidence from Alvecote Colliery, which was later merged to form North Warwickshire Colliery and which ceased operation in 1965. In addition to the wetland habitat, there are areas of fen, reedbed and woodland. As a result, the area is regionally important for bird life, and over 100 species are reported annually, with between 60 and 70 breeding. The site is also important for beetles, with 322 species recorded, and spiders (121 species). | wiki-intro | 0 | 28.139357 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Zheng Kewei'
Zheng Kewei (; born January 21, 1980, | Zheng Kewei (; born January 21, 1980, in Jining, Shandong) is a Chinese football player who currently plays for Hebei China Fortune in the China League One.
Zheng Kewei started his professional career with Shandong Luneng in 1997. He transferred to Beijing Guoan in 2001 and played for them until 2006. In 2006, he transferred to Hebei Zhongji. After one season with Hebei Zhongji, he transferred to Chinese Super League side Beijing Shenhua in 2007. In 2010, he transferred to Shanghai Shenhua where he played for three seasons. In 2013, he transferred back to Hebei China Fortune.
Zheng Kewei has made over 300 appearances in the Chinese Super League and scored 45 goals. He was part of the Chinese national team that won the silver medal at the 2002 FIFA World Cup. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.965168 | [
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how is ASP. NET different from. NET | ASP. NET is a server-side Web application framework designed for Web development to produce dynamic Web pages. | hc3-open_qa | 0 | 19.124166 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Heinrich Khunrath'
Heinrich Khunrath (c. 1560 – 9 September | Heinrich Khunrath (c. 1560 – 9 September 1614) was a German alchemist, writer and printer.
Born in Frankfurt am Main, Khunrath studied at the University of Heidelberg, where he became acquainted with the work of Paracelsus. After leaving Heidelberg, Khunrath traveled to Basel, where he met Johannes Kepler. In 1598 he moved to Augsburg, where he became the head of the printing house owned by Caspar von Hefele.
Khunrath is best known for his treatise "The Art of Conjuring Spirits," which was first published in 1602 and revised and enlarged in 1609. The book describes a system of magic based on the invocation of spirits. It is considered a landmark work in occult literature.
Khunrath also wrote a number of other books on alchemy, magic, and printmaking. He died in Augsburg at the age of 63. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.578356 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Jonathan Noyce'
Jonathan Mark Thomas Noyce (born 15 July | Jonathan Mark Thomas Noyce (born 15 July 1971) is an English musician. He is primarily bass guitar player. Noyce is known for being a member of British rock group Jethro Tull for 12 years, and also for his collaborations with guitarist Gary Moore, film composer Daniel Pemberton, the band Archive and French artist Mylène Farmer. In 2018 he was awarded an ARAM by the Royal Academy of Music. Early life and education
Jonathan Noyce was born in Sutton Coldfield, Warwickshire. He grew up in the cathedral close of Lichfield Cathedral where his father, Peter, was choirmaster and assistant organist. Mother Jane was a town planner. His first instrument was piano, later also drums and guitar which became a stepping stone to the bass guitar. In his teens Jonathan studied formally, principally classical percussion, which included classical snare drum, timpani and xylophone, also classical contrabass. His first paid gig with the bass was at the age of 18. He is a graduate of the Royal Academy of Music in London. | wiki-intro | 0 | 17.354429 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Brain morphometry'
Brain morphometry is a subfield of both | Brain morphometry is a subfield of both neuroscience and neuroanatomy that uses morphological techniques to study the shape and size of brain structures.
Brain morphometry has been used mainly to study the differences in the size and shape of different brain regions, as well as the relationship between brain structure and function. Brain morphometry can also be used to identify the causes of brain damage, as well as to study the genetic bases of neurological disorders. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.480057 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Satay'
Satay ( , in USA also | Satay ( , in USA also
called barbecue) is a dish originating from Southeast Asia, typically made from skewers of meat, usually chicken, threaded on sticks and barbecued over a wood or charcoal fire.
Satay is a popular street food in many parts of Southeast Asia, where it is often served with peanut sauce or dip. It is also common in Indonesian restaurants. | wiki-intro | 1 | 16.893559 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Mini CD'
Mini CDs, or pocket CDs, are CDs | Mini CDs, or pocket CDs, are CDs with a smaller diameter and one-third the storage capacity of a standard 120 mm disc. Formats
Amongst the various formats are the
Mini CD single, a small disc. The format is mainly used for audio CD singles in certain regions (singles are sold on normal 120 mm CDs in many countries), much like the old vinyl single. An 80 mm disc can hold up to 24 minutes of music, or 210 MiB (210 × 220 bytes) of data. They are often referred to as Maxi CDs in some countries.
The low density version holds 18 minutes, or 155 MB.
Other formats are 185 MB (21 mins), which has the same data density as a 650 MB full-sized CD, and 210 MB (24 mins), with the same data density as a 700 MB full-sized CD, used for "Pocket" data storage. (see also miniDVD)
Business card CD (or "b-card"), a truncated (to the shape and size of a business card) disc with a storage capacity from 30 MB to 100 MB.
The long axis is 80 mm while the short axis (from flat side to flat side) is generally between 58 and 68 mm
The disc may be rectangular with wings added on, to square off the rounded 80 mm disc.
60 mm disc, a round version of the business card, with comparable capacity (50 MB) | wiki-intro | 0 | 30.753885 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Judge John Deed'
Judge John Deed is a British legal | Judge John Deed is a British legal drama television series produced by the BBC in association with One-Eyed Dog for BBC One. It was created by G.F. Newman and stars Martin Shaw as Mr Justice Deed, a High Court judge who tries to seek real justice in the cases before him. It also stars Jenny Seagrove as the barrister Jo Mills QC, frequently the object of Deed's desire. A pilot episode was broadcast on 9 January 2001, followed by the first full series on 26 November 2001. The sixth and last series concluded on 18 January 2007. The programme then went on an indefinite break after Shaw became involved in another television programme (Inspector George Gently), and he and Seagrove expressed a wish for the format of the series to change before they filmed new episodes. By 2009, the series had officially been cancelled. The factual accuracy of the series is often criticised by legal professionals and journalists; many of the decisions taken by Deed are unlikely to happen in a real court. The romanticised vision of the court system created by Newman caused a judge to issue a warning to a jury not to let the series influence their view of trials—referring to an episode where Deed flouts rules when called up for jury service. A complaint was made by a viewer about one episode claiming biased and incorrect information about the MMR vaccine, leading the BBC to unilaterally ban repeats of it in its original form. All six series (with the exception of the two banned episodes from Series Five) have been released on DVD in the UK. | wiki-intro | 0 | 29.817341 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Allan L. Goldstein'
Allan L. Goldstein is emeritus professor in | Allan L. Goldstein is emeritus professor in the Department of Psychiatry at McGill University and a senior scientist at the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Centre. He is the author or editor of more than seventy articles on psychiatric and neurological topics, including "The Pharmacological Treatment of Schizophrenia" (with Philip R. McGraw) and "Schizophrenia: A New Understanding" (with Norman Sussman).
Goldstein received his B.A. from McGill University in 1958, and his M.D. from the University of Montreal in 1963. He completed his residency training in psychiatry at the Montreal Neurological Institute in 1966, and his fellowship training in neuropsychiatry at McGill University in 1971. He served as a clinical professor at McGill University from 1971 until his retirement in 2006.
Goldstein's research has been focused on schizophrenia and its treatment, with a particular emphasis on the pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia. His work has led to the development of novel medications for schizophrenia, including clozapine and olanzapine. He is also credited with developing the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Centre, which is considered one of the world's leading centres for the assessment and treatment of cognitive impairments in psychiatric patients.
Goldstein has received numerous awards and honors, including the American Psychiatric Association's Distinguished Service Award (1998), the Royal College of Physicians' Gold Medal (2004), and the Canadian Psychiatric Association's Pioneer Award (2005). He was elected to the Royal Society of Canada in 2006, and he was awarded an honorary | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.013596 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Telephassa'
Telephassa (; , Tēléphassa, "far-shining"), also spelled | Telephassa (; , Tēléphassa, "far-shining"), also spelled Telephasa, was an ancient Greek city and colony on the east coast of the island of Crete. It was located near the modern town of Heraklion.
Telephassa was one of the main cities of the Cretan colony, and it was considered to be one of the most important and prosperous cities in the region. It played an important role in trade and commerce, and it was also a major center for education and culture. The city was known for its temples, libraries, and theatres, and it was also a popular tourist destination.
Telephassa declined in importance during the Late Antiquity period, and it eventually lost its status as a city. However, it remains an important archaeological site today. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.800297 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Little Cornwallis Island'
Little Cornwallis Island is one of the | Little Cornwallis Island is one of the Canadian Arctic islands in Nunavut, Canada. It is located at 75°30'N 96°30'W, between Cornwallis Island and Bathurst Island in McDougall Sound, and measures . It is uninhabited. Little Cornwallis Island was the home to Polaris Mine, the most poleward base-metal mine in the world. In 1960 a vast concentration of zinc and lead was discovered on the island during mapping for oil permits. Cominco acquired land in the area and a gravity survey in 1970 detected a large anomaly. By 1973 surface drilling and underground development had outlined the Polaris ore body and defined reserves of about 25 million tons grading approximately 14% zinc and 4% lead. A mining facility was constructed on a barge at Trois-Rivières, Quebec and towed to the island; arriving in mid August 1981. Production commenced in 1982. The mile-long gravel runway allowed aircraft as large as the Boeing 727 and Boeing 737 to service the mine. The mine was closed in August 2002 as forecast due to depletion of the ore body. From 1982-2002 the mine processed 21 million tons of ore grading 3.72% lead and 15.81% zinc, producing 733,800 tons of lead metal and 2.8 million tons of zinc metal in concentrate. A two-year, $53 million decommissioning and reclamation program was completed in September 2004. | wiki-intro | 0 | 29.47735 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on '10-mile run'
The 10-mile run is a long-distance road | The 10-mile run is a long-distance road running event. It is typically run as a race or as a timed event. The event typically takes place on a paved road, although it is occasionally run on a track. The distance of the 10-mile run is about 8.6 kilometers (5.5 miles). | wiki-intro | 1 | 3.634645 | [
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In archaeology, lithic analysis is the analysis | In archaeology, lithic analysis is the analysis of stone tools and other chipped stone artifacts using basic scientific techniques. At its most basic level, lithic analyses involve an analysis of the artifact’s morphology, the measurement of various physical attributes, and examining other visible features (such as noting the presence or absence of cortex, for example). The term 'lithic analysis' can technically refer to the study of any anthropogenic (human-created) stone, but in its usual sense it is applied to archaeological material that was produced through lithic reduction (knapping) or ground stone. A thorough understanding of the lithic reduction and ground stone processes, in combination with the use of statistics, can allow the analyst to draw conclusions concerning the type of lithic manufacturing techniques used at a prehistoric archaeological site. For example, they can make certain equation between each the factors of flake to predict original shape. These data can then be used to draw an understanding of socioeconomic and cultural organization. | wiki-intro | 0 | 30.313326 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Abel Underwood'
Abel Underwood (April 8, 1799 – April | Abel Underwood (April 8, 1799 – April 22, 1879) was a Vermont lawyer, judge, and politician. A Whig and later a Republican, he was most notable for his service as United States Attorney for the District of Vermont (1849-1853) and a judge of the Vermont Circuit Court (1854-1857). A native of Bradford, Vermont, Underwood attended the academy in Royalton, Vermont to prepare for a university education, and graduated from Dartmouth College in 1824. He read law with Isaac Fletcher, attained admission to the bar in 1827, and practiced in Wells River, Vermont. A Whig, he served as State's Attorney of Orange County (1838-1839, 1840-1841), U.S. Attorney during the presidencies of Zachary Taylor and Millard Fillmore (1849-1853), and a judge of the Vermont Circuit Court from 1854 until the court was abolished in 1857. He became a Republican when the party was founded in the 1850s, and served in the Vermont House of Representatives from 1861 to 1862. Underwood died in Wells River in 1879. | wiki-intro | 0 | 13.650377 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Greg Blue'
Gregory R. Blue, Jr. (born March 12, | Gregory R. Blue, Jr. (born March 12, 1982) is a former American football player. He played college football for the University of Georgia, and earned consensus All-American recognition. The Minnesota Vikings selected him in the fifth round of the 2006 NFL Draft. Early years
Blue was born in Atlanta, Georgia. He attended Banneker High School in College Park, Georgia, graduating in the class of 2001. As a senior in 2000, he was named to The Atlanta Journal-Constitution Super Southern 100, Top 50 in Georgia, Class AAA All-State first-team, and Marvelous Metro 11 squad as a defensive back. He also received Georgia Sports Writers Association All-State and Super Prep All-Dixie Team accolades. He was named one of the top 25 safeties in the country by Student Sports Magazine. As a senior, he recorded 89 tackles, six forced fumbles, four interceptions, and 14 pass break-ups. He also had an 88-yard kickoff return for a touchdown and a 65-yard punt return for a score that year and helped his team to the 2000 Class AAA state playoffs with a 9-2 record. As a member of the basketball team, he was invited to play in the 2001 Georgia North-South All-Star Game. | wiki-intro | 0 | 10.529139 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Sergei Desukevich'
Sergey Leonidovich Desyukevich (; born 26 January | Sergey Leonidovich Desyukevich (; born 26 January 1983) is a Belarusian former sailor, who specialized in the two-person dinghy (470) class. Together with his partner Pavel Logunov, he won a silver medal in the men's 470 at the 2005 Summer Universiade in İzmir, Turkey and was eventually named one of the country's top sailors in his pet event for the 2008 Summer Olympics, finishing in a lowly twenty-first place. Throughout his sporting career, Desukevich also served as the member of the sailing roster for Dynamo Minsk. Desukevich competed for the Belarusian sailing squad, as a skipper in the men's 470 class, at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. Building up to their Olympic selection, he and crew member Logunov finished a satisfying fourteenth to secure one of the twenty quota places offered at the 2007 ISAF Worlds in Cascais, Portugal. The Belarusian duo clearly struggled to catch a vast fleet of world sailors under windy conditions in the initial half of the series, until they found solace to attain a blistering runner-up mark on the seventh leg. Another set of substandard outcomes towards the final half, however, pushed both Desukevich and Logunov to the middle of the 29-boat fleet, sitting them in twenty-first overall with 159 net points. | wiki-intro | 0 | 51.610889 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Johann Gottlob Carpzov'
Johann Gottlob Carpzov (26 September 1679, Dresden | Johann Gottlob Carpzov (26 September 1679, Dresden – 4 July 1752, Dresden) was a German painter, etcher and printmaker. He was the son of the painter Johann Gottfried Carpzov and his wife Magdalena Sibylla Merian.
Carpzov trained with his father and then with Christian Friedrich Ziegler (1661-1728). He worked in Dresden, Berlin, and Vienna. He is best known for his portraits and religious paintings. | wiki-intro | 1 | 12.014145 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Omar Lizardo'
Omar Lizardo (born 7 September 1974) is | Omar Lizardo (born 7 September 1974) is a Grammy nominated, Latin Grammy Award winning Mexican singer. He has sold over 20 million albums worldwide.
Lizardo was born in the city of Puebla, Puebla, Mexico. He started singing at a very young age and began to play guitar and sing along with the radio. In 1992, he won first place in the Televisa talent show "Nuestra Belleza México". Lizardo then went on to record his first album "Amor de Puebla", which was released in 1994. The album received critical acclaim and helped him win the 1995 Lo Nuestro Award for New Artist of the Year.
In 1997, Lizardo released his second album "Pasion y Amor". The album was again critically acclaimed and helped him win the 1997 Lo Nuestro Award for Male Singer of the Year. In 1998, he released his third album "Sevilla", which was also critically acclaimed. The album won him his first Grammy Award in 1999 for Best Latin Pop Album.
In 2000, Lizardo released his fourth album "Volví a Nacer". The album was again critically acclaimed and helped him win the 2000 Lo Nuestro Award for Male Singer of the Year. In 2002, he released his fifth album "Para Siempre". The album was again critically acclaimed and helped him win his second Grammy Award in 2003 for Best Latin Pop Album.
Lizardo has also released several compilation albums including "", | wiki-intro | 1 | 10.067406 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Dorothy Johnstone'
Dorothy Johnstone (1892–1980) was a Scottish painter | Dorothy Johnstone (1892–1980) was a Scottish painter and watercolourist. Life
Johnstone was born in Edinburgh in 1892 and grew up in Napier Road, near the Gothic Mansion, Rockville. Her father, landscape artist George Whitton Johnstone RSA (1849–1901), encouraged her artistic talents, and at the age of 16 she enrolled as a student at the Edinburgh College of Art. She took the Life Class with Ernest Stephen Lumsden where she revealed her talents at informal portraiture, a genre for which she became well known. In 1914 she became a member of staff at the Edinburgh College of Art. From the summer of 1915, she became a regular annual visitor to Kirkcudbright in Galloway, where she would paint with other mainly female artists including Jessie M. King as part of the Kirkcudbright School. Dorothy Johnstone, with her close friends Cecile Walton and Mary Newbery, was a member of The Edinburgh School, which reformed in 1919, a collective of gifted and progressive artists associated with the Edinburgh College of Art. During 1919 she was living in Kirkcudbright where she had an affair with Vera Holme who would go on to be the 'Pankhursts' chauffeur'. | wiki-intro | 0 | 19.514606 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Gae Aulenti'
Gae Aulenti (; 4 December 1927 – 31 | Gae Aulenti (; 4 December 1927 – 31 October 2004) was an Italian fashion designer.
Gae Aulenti was born in Milan, Italy, on 4 December 1927. She began her professional career as a dressmaker in 1950, and in 1954 opened her own fashion house.
Aulenti's designs were highly influential and popular during the 1960s and 1970s. Her work often featured luxurious fabrics and intricate detail. She won numerous awards, including the prestigious Grand Prix de la Couture in 1978. Aulenti died in Milan on 31 October 2004 at the age of 78. | wiki-intro | 1 | 10.994148 | [
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Should I fund a move by borrowing or selling other property assets? | It is a lot easier to make money when you are not in debt. If you can sell the apartment, get rid of your existing mortgage and buy the new house outright, that is probably the best course of action. | hc3-finance | 0 | 11.098001 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Rangin Jajabara'
Jajabara is a 1975 Odia language Indian | Jajabara is a 1975 Odia language Indian film directed by Nandita Das. It is the story of two lovers, Ranjan and Radha, who are unable to marry because of their caste difference.
Rangin Jajabara is a Odia language Indian film directed by Nandita Das. It is the story of two lovers, Ranjan and Radha, who are unable to marry because of their caste difference. The film tells their story as they defy convention and defy social norms to be together. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.939589 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'John Impey'
John Edward Impey (born 11 August 1954 | John Edward Impey (born 11 August 1954) is a New Zealand Anglican bishop. He has been the Bishop of Auckland since 1 March 2002, and the Primate of All New Zealand since 1 February 2006.
Impey was born in 1954 in Auckland, New Zealand. After completing his schooling at Mt Albert Grammar School, Impey studied at the University of Auckland, where he gained a Bachelor of Arts and a Diploma of Theology. He then undertook graduate studies at the University of Cambridge, where he completed his Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy degrees.
Impey was ordained a priest in the Anglican Church in 1977. He served as a curate at St John's, Auckland from 1977 to 1981, and then as vicar of St Paul's, Parnell from 1981 to 1988. From 1988 to 1992, he was dean of the Diocese of Waiapu.
Impey was consecrated as a bishop in 1992. He served as the Bishop of Rotorua from 1992 to 2002, and then as the Bishop of Auckland. In 2006, Impey was elected as the Primate of All New Zealand. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.199656 | [
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From grunts and growls to verbs and vowels-how did early humans develop language? Something that had me puzzled today. Explain like I' m five. | Linguistics student here- this is a BFD that we still can not fully explain, and maybe never will. Think about it- essentially it must have evolved out of the basic sound systems that animals had in order to communicate more complex tasks associated with hunting/gathering, as well as evolving and expanding social interaction. We were pretty shitty predators on our own, but devastating once we learned to work as a pack/troop/group. That takes coordination, which demands communication. Anyway, here- read! URL_ 0 It's lost in prehistory. There were probably intermediary steps, like clicks (URL_ 0). Groups that learned to communicate would become dominant over ones where the members each acted as independent operators. Then it became an arms race. Damn, you have just written the title to a future best selling linguistics book, congratulations. Steve Pinker, take it from here! | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 76.811539 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Arriba España (newspaper)'
Arriba España was a Spanish newspaper published | Arriba España was a Spanish newspaper published between 1884 and 1932. It was the first daily newspaper in Spain, and had a liberal political orientation.
The newspaper was founded by Manuel de Irujo, José María Fornés, and Francisco de Asís. Arriba España played a significant role in the cultural and political life of Spain in the early 20th century. Between 1884 and 1902, it was the main organ of the Spanish Liberal Party. In 1918, Francisco Franco named it the official paper of the Spanish Republic. In 1932, Arriba España was banned by the Spanish Republican government because of its pro-Republican stance. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.332606 | [
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The Conjuring 2 (known in the United | The Conjuring 2 (known in the United States as The Conjuring 2: The Enfield Poltergeist) is a 2017 American supernatural horror film directed by James Wan and written by Chad Hayes and Carey Hayes. It is the sequel to the 2013 film The Conjuring, and the second installment in The Conjuring franchise. The film stars Vera Farmiga, Patrick Wilson, Ron Livingston, Frances O'Connor, Madison Wolfe, and Joey King.
The story follows the Perrons as they travel to England to help a woman named Lorraine who believes she is being haunted by the spirit of her dead daughter. The Perrons soon discover that the spirit is not alone, and must face a coven of witches determined to destroy them.
The Conjuring 2 was released in the United States on July 22, 2017, and grossed over $232 million worldwide. It received generally positive reviews from critics, who praised Wan's direction and the performances of its cast. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.490314 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on '3 Ring Circus'
3 Ring Circus is a 1954 American | 3 Ring Circus is a 1954 American comedy film directed by Joseph Pevney and starring Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis. The picture was shot from February 17 to March 31, 1954, and released on December 25 by Paramount Pictures. The supporting cast includes Joanne Dru, Zsa Zsa Gabor, Wallace Ford, Sig Ruman, Nick Cravat, and Elsa Lanchester. Plot
Pete Nelson, a smooth operator who has just been discharged from the Army, joins forces with his old buddy, the loud Jerome X. Hotchkiss, and together they join a circus. The Clyde Brent Circus, to be exact. Jerry has taken a job as apprentice lion tamer. He is set on being a circus clown, but his plans are squandered when they meet the circus manager Sam Morley and owner Jill Brent, who is also ringmaster. The circus has financial problems, so the only way that both Pete and Jerry can be hired if they help out wherever needed. | wiki-intro | 0 | 45.778702 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Catalan Americans'
Catalan Americans are Americans of Catalan | Catalan Americans are Americans of Catalan descent. The first Catalans to arrive in what is now the United States were sailors on Spanish galleons in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. After the American Revolution, many Catalan Americans settled in New York City, where they became a prominent part of the city's merchant community. Today, Catalan Americans are found throughout the United States, with concentrations in California, New York, and Florida.
Catalan Americans are a diverse group and there is no one definition of what it means to be a Catalan American. Some people consider Catalan to be the language spoken in Catalonia, while others consider it to be a culture that is reflected in aspects of daily life, such as food and music. Regardless of how someone defines Catalan American, there is no doubt that this population has had a significant impact on American culture.
Today, Catalan Americans are well-represented in many aspects of American society. They are major players in the business world, and their cultural contributions can be seen in everything from art to architecture. They also make significant contributions to baseball, basketball, soccer, and other sports. Catalan Americans are also well-represented in politics, with several members of Congress and governorships being held by people of Catalan descent.
There is nothing stopping Catalans from becoming American citizens, and there is a large community of Catalan Americans who are proud to call this country home. Whether you are a first-generation immigrant or one of the descendants of those who have been living in the | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.22096 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Keith Guttin'
Keith Guttin is an American college baseball | Keith Guttin is an American college baseball coach and former player. He is the head coach of the Northwestern State Demons baseball team.
Keith Guttin played college baseball for North Texas in 1988 and 1989. He was drafted by the Cleveland Indians in the first round of the 1989 amateur draft. He played in the minor leagues for seven seasons, including two seasons with the Cleveland Indians (1992–1993) and three seasons with the Minnesota Twins (1994–1996).
Guttin became a coach in 1997, when he was hired as an assistant coach at Southwestern Oklahoma State University. He served as Southwestern Oklahoma State's head coach from 2003 to 2007, compiling a record of 97–39. In 2008, he was hired as the head coach at Northwestern State, where he has led the Demons to three NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament appearances (2012, 2013, 2016). | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.977311 | [
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The Secret River is a 2005 historical | The Secret River is a 2005 historical novel by Kate Grenville about an early 19th-century Englishman transported to Australia for theft. The story explores what might have happened when Europeans colonised land already inhabited by Aboriginal people. The book has been compared to Thomas Keneally's The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith and to Peter Carey's True History of the Kelly Gang for its style and historical theme. Background
The Secret River was inspired by Grenville's desire to understand the history of her ancestor Solomon Wiseman, who settled on the Hawkesbury River at the area now known as Wisemans Ferry. Her inspiration to understand this came from her taking part in the 28 May 2000 Reconciliation Walk across Sydney Harbour Bridge during which she realised that she didn't know much about the early interactions between the settlers and the Aboriginal people. Initially intended to be a work of non-fiction about Wiseman, the book eventually became a fictional work based on her research into Wiseman but not specifically about Wiseman himself. The novel took five years and twenty drafts to complete. | wiki-intro | 0 | 29.728325 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Piaggio P.108'
The Piaggio P.108 Bombardiere was an Italian | The Piaggio P.108 Bombardiere was an Italian bomber and reconnaissance aircraft built by Piaggio in the 1930s. It was used during World War II by the Regia Aeronautica and the Luftwaffe, becoming a widely recognized symbol of Italy's airpower.
The P.108 was a conventional high-wing monoplane with a fixed undercarriage and a single engine in each wing. It had a crew of four and could carry a payload of up to 2,500 kilograms (5,500 lb). The P.108 was notable for its high speed (370 km/h or 224 mph at altitude) and its sturdy construction, which allowed it to operate from rough airfields. In combat, the P.108 proved to be a capable bomber; its bombs were particularly effective against enemy shipping and coastal fortifications. The P.108 also served as a reconnaissance aircraft, performing missions over enemy territory in search of targets of opportunity. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.318038 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Yug Ylimaf'
"Yug Ylimaf" is the fourth episode of | "Yug Ylimaf" is the fourth episode of the second season of the American science fiction television series "Doctor Who". It was written by Steven Moffat and directed by Rachel Talalay. It was first broadcast on BBC One on 3 October 2009.
The Doctor ( Matt Smith ) and Amy Pond ( Karen Gillan ) arrive on a planet that is in the grip of a cold winter. The only source of warmth is a generator that is powered by a human sacrifice. The Doctor manages to stop the sacrifice, but not before the generator explodes, killing the human and freezing the planet's surface.
The Doctor, Amy and Rory (Arthur Darvill) find themselves stranded on a frozen world where they are the only inhabitants. They must find a way to thaw out the planet before it destroys them all.
The Doctor and his friends must find a way to save the world from an impending winter. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.926827 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Operation Iraqi Children'
Operation International Children (formerly Operation Iraqi Children) | Operation International Children (formerly Operation Iraqi Children) is a charity organisation which was started in 2003 and aims to help children who have been displaced by the 2003 invasion of Iraq. The charity operates in three main areas: providing emergency relief, helping children return to school, and developing long-term solutions for child welfare.
Since its inception, Operation Iraqi Children has distributed more than $60 million in assistance to children and families in need. The organisation has helped more than 1.2 million children return to school, rebuild homes, and gain access to health care, water, and sanitation. In addition, the organisation has established over 1,000 child protection units across Iraq which provide safe homes for children who have been victims of abuse or neglect.
Operation Iraqi Children is a member of the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). | wiki-intro | 1 | 10.078844 | [
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Why chemical weapon is considered a red line and use of conventional weapons isn't? Both cause tremendous suffering. Explain like I' m five. | Suffering is inevitable when using chemical weapons, however there's very little suffering when using conventional weapons because of the high chance to kill on impact. Gas attacks were particularly psychologically scarring because the skin blistered, people asphyxiated, and respiratory systems were permanently damaged. Chemical weapons are also indiscriminate weapons, blowing back on those who deployed them and spreading to nearby civilian populations. In WW1, chemical weaponry only accounted for a tiny percentage of the deaths. Thus causing all survivors of chemical warfare to suffer from lung diseases and blindness for the rest of their lives. Thus the Geneva Protocol was formed It all goes back to the geneva convention and hague convention. Basically they cause undue suffering, can not be controlled and are indiscriminate killers. If you read about WWI and the horrors of mustard gas you would see that chemical weapons really are a line all nations should respect. I recommend dan carlins hardcore history podcast which has an awesome series on WWI You can't aim a gas at an enemy combatant and miss a civilian, and they cause way too much suffering to the people affected. The point of combat is to remove the enemy from battle, not to kill or harm as many people as possible (which is why it's also illegal to attack hospitals, or kill enemies who are trying to surrender). | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 29.01553 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Sam Barkley'
Samuel E. Barkley (May 24, 1858 – | Samuel E. Barkley (May 24, 1858 – March 9, 1927) was an American football player and coach. He played college football at the University of Michigan from 1879 to 1881 and was the captain of the 1881 team. He was also the head football coach at Vanderbilt University in 1883, compiling a record of 2–1.
Barkley played professional football in the National Football League (NFL) for the Pittsburgh Pirates from 1884 to 1886 and the Philadelphia Quakers from 1888 to 1890. He served as the head coach at Yale University from 1892 to 1893, compiling a record of 7–3. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.525137 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Tatischev family'
The Tatischevs (Russian: Татищевы) is a Russian | The Tatischevs (Russian: Татищевы) is a Russian noble family. The Tatischevs are descended from the Belarusian nobleman and Cossack Yury Tatischev who settled in Russia in the 18th century.
The Tatischevs have been involved in Russian politics for three centuries, and have held a number of high-ranking government posts. Some of the family's most notable members include Nikolai Nikolayevich Tatischev (1868-1946), Premier of Russia from 1914 to 1916; his son, Mikhail Nikolayevich Tatischev (1890-1977), a general during World War II; and his grandson, Anatoly Viktorovich Tatischev (born 1946), a former member of the Russian State Duma. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.478201 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'SMS Habsburg (1865)'
SMS Habsburg was the second and final | SMS Habsburg was the second and final monarch of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, reigning from 1867 to 1918. Born in 1832, she was the last Empress consort of Austria before its dissolution in 1918.
She was also the last monarch of the House of Habsburg, ruling over a territory that at its peak included Bohemia, Croatia, Hungary, Serbia, and Romania. Her reign was marked by economic instability and frequent wars. After years of struggle against Hungarian revolutionaries, she lost control over most of her empire in 1918 when Austria-Hungary collapsed. She died two years later at the age of 79.
Born Archduchess Sophie of Austria-Este on 12 January 1832 at Schloss Fischbach near Döbling in Vienna, Sophie was the sixth and youngest child of Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor and Queen Maria Theresa. The family spent their summers at Schloss Herrenchiemsee in Bavaria and her childhood was divided between her father's numerous palaces in Austria and Hungary and her mother's villa on the Italian Riviera.
Sophie was a shy and insecure girl who became romantically involved with Count Hans von Bülow, a military officer who served as her chamberlain. She refused his marriage proposal and fled to Italy with Bülow in 1854. They married in a secret ceremony on 21 May 1855 at Villa d'Este near Rome.
Sophie returned to Vienna after the death of her father | wiki-intro | 1 | 11.564504 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Danguolė Rasalaitė'
Danguolė Rasalaitė (19 May 1983 – 10 January | Danguolė Rasalaitė (19 May 1983 – 10 January 2006) was a Lithuanian singer and songwriter.
Rasalaitė was born in Kaunas, Lithuania. She started her music career as a vocalist in the bands Danguolė and Rasalaitė. She released her solo album "Strazda" in 2001 and became well known for the songs "Šventoji mūsų diena", "Pagalvojimas", and "Nemunas".
Rasalaitė died on 10 January 2006 due to cancer. | wiki-intro | 1 | 18.210764 | [
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In Greek mythology, Theonoe (Ancient Greek: Θεονόη) | In Greek mythology, Theonoe (Ancient Greek: Θεονόη) was a character in Euripides' play, Helen—daughter to the Egyptian king, Proteus, and the Nereid Psamathe. She was the sister of Theoclymenus, the current king of Egypt. Her name means "divine wisdom," coming from theós 'god' and nóos or noûs 'mind.' Theonoe's earlier name was Eido (Eidothea). Mythology
According to Euripides' telling, Paris only abducted a phantom of the title heroine from her husband, Menelaus, and the real Helen was taken to Egypt by the gods, where Theoclymenus attempted to marry her, but she would not consent. Theonoe didn't want her brother to marry Helen against the latter's will, and when Menelaus also ended up in Egypt, (after getting caught in a sea storm on his way home from Troy), she helped them escape together. Theoclymenus accused Theonoe of plotting against him and sentenced her to death, but the Dioscuri (brothers of Helen) intervened and saved her life. According to Conon, Theonoe fell in love with Canopus, the young and handsome pilot of Menelaus' ship; he, however, did not return her feelings. | wiki-intro | 0 | 23.70549 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Anuragi'
Anuragi is a 1988 Indian Malayalam-language romance | Anuragi is a 1988 Indian Malayalam-language romance film written and directed by I. V. Sasi. The film stars Mohanlal, Sheela and Innocent in the lead roles.
The film is a story of a young couple, Ravi (Mohanlal) and Geetha (Sheela), who fall in love with each other but are unable to express their feelings to each other. The story progresses with the couple's love being tested as they face various obstacles in their relationship. The film ends with Ravi proposing marriage to Geetha and her accepting.
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The Fizeau experiment was carried out by | The Fizeau experiment was carried out by French physicist Augustin-Jacques Fizeau in 1839. It demonstrated that the speed of light in a vacuum is the same in all directions. | wiki-intro | 1 | 10.520976 | [
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Chemotherapy Why is it good/bad? I have heard that future generations will wonder WTF we were thinking when we administered chemotherapy. Why? Explain like I' m five. | Chemo targets cells that divide quickly. Cancer cells divide quickly, but so do things like bone marrow, hair, stomach and intestine lining, and other cells. So, it targets and kills the cancer, but it also attacks some healthy cells and that's why people get sick. As someone who had chemotherapy when I was five, let me explain it to you like I remember. My body was really sick (no one said the word'cancer'around me then). I was told I had to have this medicine that would make me sicker, but it would eventually make me better. Chemo is basically poison to your system, but it kills off the bad cancer cells along with some of the good. That is why a person who is undergoing chemo has a weakened immune system. The chemo kills off the bad cancer cells and eventually your body, as amazing as it is, is able to have a healthy immune system free of active cancer cells. When the doctors finally gave me a clean bill of health, they asked me if I had any questions. I asked them if I would ever get cancer again. They told me my chance was 50/50, just like any other normal person out there who never had cancer before. 27 years later and I'm still cancer free. The only long term damage that I have found is that my permanent teeth were developing at the time I had my treatment, and the chemo made them very fragile. Hope that helps! It's bad, but it's less bad than cancer. And yes, future generations probably will go "WTF" about a lot of our medical practices, since some of them are pretty scary, albeit preferable to the alternative. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 16.815361 | [
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How does extreme couponing actually work? I've seen the TV show, and I don't understand a thing about how that can actually work in real life. Double coupons, etc. Any good stories or tips are welcome. Please explain like I' m five. | As far as the show... It's all bs, the grocery stores actually ignore the small print just for the show... The one that says not combined with any offer etc. The way it actually scans is because the upc of the item, that is the Barcode number is not a serial number per se. It more identifies the brand of product and other vague stuff... That said, in some occasions you can just take one of the coupons for let's say 8 Oz redbull for a buck, but if you scan it when buying the 16 Oz then you just won the grocery store... You would think that there cashier is paying attention but that's not the way it works, you do all yours homework before you show up, then stack up on all the savings, go to the register, scan everything, bag it, put it in a cart and right before you pay you whip out the stack of coupons. I actually know this one... I think. So first off, There Are two types of coupons; Manufacturers, and In Store. Manufacturers coupons are created by the manufacturing companies (ei. Old Spice, Kellogg, Bounty, Summer's Eve, ect) and set free into the world via news papers and special coupon books. Retailers are reimbursed all money they lose on manufacturers coupons by the maker of the coupon. In Store coupons are obviously available inside the actual store, and are created by the retailers; ei. Walgreens, Rite Aid, CVS. Most of the time the stores will put an item on sale instead of making a coupon you have to scan. All you do is collect a bunch of manufacturers coupons and save then until you find an in store coupon for the same product. example: -Deodorant cost $2. 00, -you collect manufacturers coupons that make it $1. 00, -the store has a 50 % off sale on deodorant, making it $1. 00, -use manufacturers coupons on top of in store discount making the deodorant free! -note a lot of manufacturers coupons limit one use per transaction, that doesn't stop you from using the coupons one and a time and performing 100 separate transactions. Because of that stores usually ignore that stipulation. -note you still have to pay the tax, even tho the the total is 0, or negative.-let me know if any of that makes sense We used to get way into it, but you end up eating a limited food source and are at the whims of the sales, not your wants. We would get ads from stores on Wednesday and coupons Sunday. Then we would cut them out (from multiple papers) and file them. Most coupons are good for around 4-6 weeks. Sometimes longer. Then we would scour ads for where they matched up and hit them all up with our multiple coupons. Walgreens before their rewards card and Gerbes were our favorites. Sometimes we hit big at target. The problem is it takes a while and a lot of it is junk food. So we just got ten big bags of chips, but I don't eat them. Or that's great we got 200 free disposable razors but they suck and I don't like them. But I have to use them. We still do it occasionally for things we feel don't matter. Toothpaste is an easy one. Do it right and you'll never pay for toothpaste again. Soap was easy. As was shampoo, but again, if you're picky about Ur products it won't work because the stuff you like is never gon na be on sale. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 42.82003 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Shakin' Stevens (album)'
Shakin' Stevens is the debut solo album | Shakin' Stevens is the debut solo album by Welsh rock and roll singer Shakin' Stevens, released in April 1978 by Track Records. Background and release
From 1969, Stevens was the frontman of the rock and roll group Shakin' Stevens and the Sunsets. However, in 1976, he was offered the chance to record some solo tracks with Track Records. Two singles, "Never" and "Somebody Touched Me", were released in March and September 1977, respectively. Neither made any impact on the UK charts, although the latter somehow managed to creep into the Top 40 in Australia. Shortly after the release of "Somebody Touched Me", Stevens landed a leading role in Jack Good's West End musical Elvis!, playing the middle role of Elvis Presley's career alongside Tim Whitnall and P. J. Proby. With interest in Shaky now increasing, Track decided to go ahead and record an album with the hope of capitalising on the singer's newly heightened profile. | wiki-intro | 0 | 24.61614 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Siviilipalvelus'
(in Finnish; ; "civilian service"), is an | (in Finnish; ; "civilian service"), is an alternative civilian service scheme in Finland. It was first introduced in 1923 as a way to provide employment for the unemployed during the Great Depression. Siviilipalvelus is currently offered to both men and women, though the majority of participants are women.
Siviilipalvelus is an alternative civilian service scheme in Finland. It was first introduced in 1923 as a way to provide employment for the unemployed during the Great Depression. Siviilipalvelus is currently offered to both men and women, though the majority of participants are women. During Siviilipalvelus, participants usually work for one or two years in a public institution or company. The work can be in a wide range of fields, including social work, education, health care, administration, and marketing.
Siviilipalvelus has been praised for its flexibility and variety, making it ideal for people who want to try a new career or switch between different sectors. It is also popular with students looking for summer jobs or an opportunity to gain experience before entering the workforce. The pay is generally good compared to other job options available to Finnish citizens, and many participants find it rewarding to have the opportunity to give back to their community through their work. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.96366 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Brian Mason'
Brian David Mason (born October 12, 1953) | Brian David Mason (born October 12, 1953) is an American musician, composer and record producer. He is best known as the drummer and co-founder of the progressive rock band Yes. Mason played on every studio album released by the band from 1971 to 1983, as well as the live album Yessongs. Mason also played on the band's 1994 reunion tour.
Brian David Mason was born in Los Angeles, California, on October 12, 1953, to an American mother and British father. He began playing drums at an early age and started his musical career in local bands in his hometown of Los Angeles. In 1971, he met Jon Anderson and Rick Wakeman, who were members of a band called Yes. The three men formed Yes and released their debut album, Yes, in 1972. The band's subsequent albums charted highly in both the United States and Europe and they became one of the most popular progressive rock bands of their time.
Mason left Yes in 1983 to pursue a solo career. He released three albums during this time: Hello Earth (1983), The Brian Mason Band (1984), and A Question of Balance (1986). His final solo album, Daylight Again (1990), was recorded with Anderson, Wakeman and guitarist Steve Howe of Howe/Gosling/Anderson/Wakeman (later known as Yes). He rejoined Yes in 1994 for their reunion tour and has since played on all their subsequent albums.
In addition to his work with Yes, Mason has also been involved in other projects | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.228724 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'South Jersey Times'
The South Jersey Times is a newspaper | The South Jersey Times is a newspaper published in Camden, New Jersey, United States. The paper's circulation is 20,000 copies.
The South Jersey Times was founded in 1871 and is the second-oldest continuous daily newspaper in New Jersey. The paper was acquired by Morris Communications in 1988. In 2006, the paper was sold to New Media Investment Group. In 2013, NJ Media Group purchased the paper from New Media Investment Group. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.295278 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Collaborative mapping'
Collaborative mapping is the aggregation of Web | Collaborative mapping is the aggregation of Web mapping and user-generated content, from a group of individuals or entities, and can take several distinct forms. With the growth of technology for storing and sharing maps, collaborative maps have become competitors to commercial services, in the case of OpenStreetMap, or components of them, as in Google Map Maker and Yandex.Map editor. Volunteers collect geographic information and the citizens/individuals can be regarded as sensors within a geographical environment that create, assemble, and disseminate geographic data provided voluntarily by the individuals. Collaborative mapping is a special case of the larger phenomenon known as crowd sourcing, that allows citizens to be part of collaborative approach to accomplish a goal. The goals in collaborative mapping have a geographical aspect, e.g. having a more active role in urban planning. Especially when data, information, knowledge is distributed in a population and an aggregation of data is not available, then collaborative mapping can bring a benefit for the citizens or activities in a community with an e-Planing Platform. Extensions of critical and participatory approaches to geographic information systems combines software tools with a joint activities to accomplish a community goal. Additionally, the aggregated data can be used for a Location-based service like available public transport options at the geolocation where a mobile device is currently used (GPS-sensor). The relevance for the user at a specific geolocation cannot be represented with logic value in general (relevant=true/false). The relevance can be represented with Fuzzy-Logic or a Fuzzy architectural spatial analysis. | wiki-intro | 0 | 41.212151 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Muscle cuirass'
In classical antiquity, the muscle cuirass , | In classical antiquity, the muscle cuirass , also known as the greaves, were a type of armour consisting of a piece of armor covering the legs and lower torso. They were made of metal plates, joined together along the edges by rivets or by padding. The muscle cuirass was more common in the Hellenistic and Roman periods. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.040442 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Young Earth creationism'
Young Earth creationism (YEC) is a form | Young Earth creationism (YEC) is a form of creationism that holds that the Earth is less than 10,000 years old. Creationism is the belief that the universe and life originated from a deity or gods. YEC is a subset of creationism that specifically focuses on the age of the Earth.
YEC is often contrasted with older Earth creationism (OEC), which holds that the Earth is billions of years old. OEC has been the dominant form of creationism in North America since the early 20th century, but it has been losing ground to YEC in recent decades. Many scientists believe that OEC is not compatible with current scientific understanding, and some have argued that YEC is more compatible with modern biology and physics.
There are a number of reasons why YEC has become more popular in recent years. One reason is that YEC fits well with many Christian beliefs about the origins of the universe and life. Another reason is that many scientists believe that modern scientific evidence supports YEC. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.68657 | [
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How does a fire cause a interstate highway to fall How did the fire lead the highway in Atlanta falling. Why does it look like such a clean spit? Explain like I' m five. | The portion of the interstate that collapsed is made from precast concrete beams. A bunch of steel reinforcement bars (rebar) are shaped and welded into a beam and it's placed into a mold into which they pour the concrete. Those beams are then placed between structural supports and metal decking is placed between them. The concrete roadway or road bed is then poured on top of the metal decking. This is all made of material that contracts and expands with heat so at both ends there are expansion joints. In this case it's just a giant compressible rubber gasket that's about 4 "wide. Concrete is extremely strong when undergoing compressive forces but not so great when it's under a flexion load. The beams are cast in an arch so that when they are loaded(heavy stuff on top), the concrete is under a compressive load. The fire burned under the entire bridge and was hot enough to weaken the rebar. Think about the bridge like a long board that's supported by two chairs; one on either end. The roadway on top of the beams is" really heavy "and the weight is mostly evenly distributed among them. The weakened rebar caused the arch shape in the beams to deform enough to where the load on the concrete moved from compression to flexion. In the board analogy if you put enough weight on the middle of the board it'd sag. Keep adding weight and it'd deform enough to where the ends would slip off of the chairs. TL; DR The fire did NOT melt the steel; it just got it warm enough to where it was bendable. It bent enough to where the bridge beams slipped off of the supports on the ends That elevated roadway is made in segments. One of the segments failed, it just got so hot the steel reinforcement softened. The others were pulled into the gap. Now all the overheated segments are being removed so the spans can be rebuilt. Like previous collapses in La and Minneapolis, it will take months. The fire melted the steel not the concrete. We had something like this here in my city. There's a dangerous curve on the highway and some jackfoff was going too fast and cut off a tanker who then crashed into the bridge support and his tanker melted the bridge and it too collapsed. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 42.104607 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Adjutor'
Adjutor (died April 30, 1131) is venerated | Adjutor (died April 30, 1131) is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church.
Adjutor was a medieval Christian saint who is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church. He is particularly venerated in Italy, where he is the patron saint of Naples and of the Beneventan Order. | wiki-intro | 1 | 12.606777 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'JoJo discography'
American singer-songwriter JoJo has released five studio | American singer-songwriter JoJo has released five studio albums and twenty-eight singles in her career. She achieved mainstream success with her debut album "The High and Mighty" (2006), which spawned the hit singles "Leave (Get Out)" and "The Power of Love". Her second album, "The Fame" (2009), produced the number-one singles "Lady Marmalade" and "Burnin' Up". Her third album, "Empire" (2013), yielded the number-one single "Champagne Supernova". Her fourth album, "Take a Bow" (2015), spawned the number-one singles "Boys" and "Diamonds". JoJo's fifth studio album, "I Believe in You" was released in 2018. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.056634 | [
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Why are the video files movie theaters use so much larger (100 + GB) than the files that are put on blu-ray discs which are excellent quality? Even though the files movie theaters use are 4k, why the huge difference? Please explain like I' m five. | Movie theaters use large video files because the movie is being shown on a very large screen, and the projector needs to be able to display a lot of detail in order to look good. Blu-ray discs are smaller because they are designed to be played on a smaller screen, like the one on your TV at home. The movie theater files are also usually in a different format than the ones on Blu-ray, which can make them even larger. But overall, the main reason the files are so much larger is because they need to be high quality enough to look good on a really big screen. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 10.399734 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Qualstar'
Qualstar Corporation is an American manufacturer | Qualstar Corporation is an American manufacturer of magnetic tape data storage products, based in Simi Valley, California. It was founded in 1984 as a 9 track tape drive manufacturer, and now makes tape library products. The company sold its last 9 track tape drive in 2006 and as of March 2006 has sold all remaining parts inventory to Vinastar, an aftermarket vendor. Qualstar announced the TLS-4000 Series tape library family in 1994 and began shipment in 1995. Initially using Exabyte 8mm tape drives, the TLS-4000 Series was the first library product line to automate Sony's popular AIT drives. Leveraging the basic TLS design, Qualstar subsequently introduced the TLS-6000 Series for DLT and SDLT drives, the TLS-5000 Series for Sony SAIT drives and the TLS-8000 Series for LTO drives. The TLS-2000 Series for 4mm drives was also produced for a limited time. By 2011, only select models of the TLS-8000 family remain in production. | wiki-intro | 0 | 28.770819 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Hugh B. Cave'
Hugh Barnett Cave (11 July 1910 – | Hugh Barnett Cave (11 July 1910 – 27 June 2004) was an American writer of various genres, perhaps best remembered for his works of horror, weird menace and science fiction. Cave was one of the most prolific contributors to pulp magazines of the 1920s and '30s, selling an estimated 800 stories not only in the aforementioned genres but also in western, fantasy, adventure, crime, romance and non-fiction. He used a variety of pen names, notably Justin Case under which name he created the antihero The Eel. A war correspondent during World War II, Cave afterwards settled in Jamaica where he owned and managed a coffee plantation and continued his writing career, now specializing in novels as well as fiction and non-fiction sales to mainstream magazines. Starting in the 1970s Cave enjoyed a resurgence in popularity when Karl Edward Wagner's Carcosa Press published Murgunstrumm and Others, the first hardcover collection of Cave's pulp stories. Cave relocated to Florida and regularly published original material until about the year 2000, and won a World Fantasy Award for lifetime achievement in 1999. | wiki-intro | 0 | 29.741953 | [
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Why is aluminum foil shiny on one side and dull on the other? Title Please explain like I' m five. | Aluminum foil is made by rolling sheets of aluminum metal until they are very thin. When the sheets are rolled, they go through a machine that polishes the metal and gives it a shiny finish on one side. The other side of the foil is left with a dull finish because it is the back side that was not polished by the machine. So, the shiny side of aluminum foil is the side that has been polished and the dull side is the side that has not been polished. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 3.83908 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Heritage film'
Heritage film is a critical term as | Heritage film is a critical term as opposed to a film genre label used by the film industry or filmmakers themselves. It initially referred to a cluster or cycle of late 20th-century British films that were argued to depict the United Kingdom of the pre-World War II decades in a nostalgic fashion. However, this original polemic use has broadened out, and the term is now also used more loosely to refer to period films with high-quality visual production values, including those produced in France, other European countries and beyond. Many – but not all – 'heritage films' were adapted from classic literature of the 19th and early 20th centuries. For its critics on the political Left, however, the 'heritage film' was defined more centrally by:
A particular aesthetic approach (the 'heritage' or 'museum' aesthetic), marked by scrupulous attention to period detail and the use of splendid scenes of the English landscape, which was argued to have conservative ideological effects.
A perceived relationship to the rise since the 1970s of the heritage industry and the discovery of 'heritage' (stately homes, etc.) as a marketable commodity.
The official promotion of a politically conservative, pro–free enterprise and upper-class-biased notion of the British heritage by successive 1980s British Conservative Governments under the Premiership of Margaret Thatcher. | wiki-intro | 0 | 33.91745 | [
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What does refubished mean when looking at electronics? Is it worth buying? I want to get a TV but keep seeing refurbished tags on a lot of places I look, clarity would be lovely. Explain like I' m five. | When an electronic device is refurbished, it means that it has been previously owned and used, but has been repaired and tested to ensure it is in good working condition. Refurbished electronics may have been returned by customers, used as display models in stores, or have minor imperfections that were repaired.
Whether or not it is worth buying a refurbished electronic device depends on a few factors. One important consideration is the price. Refurbished electronics are often less expensive than brand new devices, so they can be a good option if you are looking for a bargain. However, you should also consider the quality of the refurbishment and the warranty that is offered. Some refurbished electronics may come with a warranty from the manufacturer or seller, which can provide peace of mind and protection in case the device has any issues.
In general, refurbished electronics can be a good option if you are looking for a high-quality device at a lower price and are willing to accept the risk that there may be some minor imperfections or issues. It is always a good idea to do some research and read reviews before purchasing a refurbished electronic device to help you make an informed decision. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 14.135055 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Austrheim Church'
Austrheim Church is a parish church | Austrheim Church is a parish church in Austrheim, Vestfold, Norway. It is located in the village of Austrheim, just east of the municipal center of Søndre Land. The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1892 by the architect Ole Olsen. It seats about 450 people. The church was consecrated on 10 July 1893.
The parish of Austrheim was established in 1853. Austrheim Church was built as a long church style in 1892 by the architect Ole Olsen. The church seats about 450 people and it was consecrated on 10 July 1893. | wiki-intro | 1 | 16.282005 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Rosetta Howard'
Rosetta Howard (August 30, 1913 – October | Rosetta Howard (August 30, 1913 – October 8, 1974) was an American blues singer who recorded in the 1930s and 1940s. Little is known of her life. She was born in Woodruff County, Arkansas, and later moved to Chicago, Illinois, where she began her career by joining in with jukebox selections at the club where she worked. Around 1932, she began singing professionally with Jimmie Noone and other bandleaders including Sonny Thompson. Beginning in 1937 she made a number of recordings with the Harlem Hamfats, including her paean to marijuana, "If You're a Viper", and the ribald "Let Your Linen Hang Low". The latter was noted by one music journalist as "Howard engaging Kansas Joe McCoy in sexy banter". She also recorded with Herb Morand and Odell Rand, who were members of the group. In 1939 she recorded with the Harlem Blues Serenaders, who included Charlie Shavers, Buster Bailey, Lil Armstrong, Henry "Red" Allen and Barney Bigard. | wiki-intro | 0 | 35.136688 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Criteria (band)'
Criteria is an indie rock band from | Criteria is an indie rock band from Omaha, Nebraska. The band was formed in 2009 by vocalist and guitarist Austin Carlile and drummer Pat McCarthy. Criteria's sound is characterized by introspective lyrics and melancholic melodies.
Criteria was formed in 2009 by vocalist and guitarist Austin Carlile and drummer Pat McCarthy. The band's sound is characterized by introspective lyrics and melancholic melodies. The band has released two albums, "Clear" (2011) and "The Great Unknown" (2013), both of which received positive reviews from music critics. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.413939 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Edku'
Edku (also Edkhou, or Idku) is | Edku (also Edkhou, or Idku) is a town in eastern Ethiopia. Located in the Semien Shewa Zone of the Amhara Region, it has a population of 21,283 as of 2002.
Edku is located in the Semien Shewa Zone of the Amhara Region, about north-west of Addis Ababa. It is bordered on the south by the town of Dereke, on the west by Debre Zeit, and on the north by Gonder.
The town is served by Edku Airport.
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Francis A. Deleglise'
Francis Augustine Deleglise (February 10, 1835 – | Francis Augustine Deleglise (February 10, 1835 – July 6, 1906) was an American educator, author and historian. He served as the president of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 1891 to 1893.
Deleglise was born in Plymouth, Massachusetts, to Augustine Deleglise and Sophia Rogers. He received his early education at the Plymouth Academy and graduated from Harvard College in 1856. After teaching at Pinkney Academy and Phillips Exeter Academy, he became a professor of history and political science at MIT in 1868. In 1891 he became president of the school and served until 1893. Deleglise died in Boston, Massachusetts, aged 71.
Deleglise is best known for his work on American history, especially the American Revolution. His most famous book is "The History of the American Revolution" (1882), which won the Pulitzer Prize in 1883. He also wrote "The French Revolution" (1892), "The English Revolution" (1898), and "The Napoleonic Wars" (1900). | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.080648 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Tokneneng'
Tokneneng or tukneneng is a tempura-like Filipino | Tokneneng or tukneneng is a tempura-like Filipino street food made by deep-frying orange batter covered hard-boiled duck eggs. A popular variation of tukneneng is kwek kwek. The main difference between the two lies in the egg that is used. Kwek kwek is traditionally made with quail eggs (smaller egg) coated in an orange batter made from mixing annatto powder or annatto seeds that have been soak in water, flour, and water; while tukneneng is made with duck eggs (bigger egg). Due to their similarities, the two are often confused with some people calling tukneneng "kwek kwek" and vice versa. In order to differentiate the two, "kwek kwek" are always smaller than "tukneneng." They are often sold by street food vendors around busy areas and are usually sold alongside fishballs, squid balls, and kikiam. It is often coupled with the drink called gulaman or a jelly or boba pearl drink with sugar syrup and vanilla flavored. Both are usually served with either a non-spiced/ spiced vinegar based dip, or a thick sweetened sauce which is made of flour, soy sauce, garlic, onions and sugar. | wiki-intro | 0 | 24.386496 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Psychic Force 2012'
is a 1998 arcade fighting game developed | is a 1998 arcade fighting game developed by Taito as the sequel to their 1995 title, Psychic Force. The game was first released in arcades in 1998 and was then ported a year later to the Dreamcast, becoming one of the console's earliest titles when it was released in Japan on March 4, 1999. A North American version was released on November 9, 1999 and a year later in Europe, distributed by Acclaim Entertainment but self-published by Taito. The game was also adapted for the PlayStation and released under the title of in Japan on October 7, 1999 and the PAL Regions in 2001. This version features downgraded graphics, but includes several extra modes (such as the "Psy-Expand" mode), an animated FMV intro, and three returning characters from the original Psychic Force (Sonia, Brad and Genma) who had been omitted in Psychic Force 2012. In 2006, Psychic Force 2012 was re-released as part of an anniversary pack for the PlayStation 2 titled Psychic Force Complete, which also includes the original Psychic Force and a special exclusive remixed version of 2012 titled Psychic Force 2012 EX. | wiki-intro | 0 | 22.920162 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on '1297'
Year 1297 (MCCXCVII) was a common year | Year 1297 (MCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
In Europe, the year 1297 was a time of great turmoil. The Mongols had successfully invaded China, and their armies were on the march. Meanwhile, in Europe, there were continuing outbreaks of conflict between the English and French crowns.
In India, King Narasimhadeva II was continuing his campaigns against the Chalukya dynasty. | wiki-intro | 1 | 13.734754 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Cabasse (company)'
Cabasse is a French audio manufacturer founded | Cabasse is a French audio manufacturer founded in 1946 by Maurice Cabasse. The company produces high-quality audio equipment, including amplifiers, speakers, and headphones. Cabasse has a wide range of products for both home and professional use.
Cabasse is a French audio manufacturer founded in 1946 by Maurice Cabasse. The company produces high-quality audio equipment, including amplifiers, speakers, and headphones. Cabasse has a wide range of products for both home and professional use. Its amplifiers are used in a variety of applications, including music reproduction, home theater, and broadcast production. Cabasse's speakers are popular among audiophiles and DJs for their superb sound quality and versatility. Headphones are also a major category for the company, with models designed for both personal use and professional use. | wiki-intro | 1 | 4.004066 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Robert Nunnemacher'
Robert Nunnemacher (April 7, 1854 – March | Robert Nunnemacher (April 7, 1854 – March 29, 1922) was an American businessman and politician.
Born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, Nunnemacher moved with his family to Iowa in 1859. He began working as a clerk in a general store and later became a farmer. In 1883, Nunnemacher opened a clothing store in Muscatine, Iowa. He served as the mayor of Muscatine from 1886 to 1888 and from 1892 to 1894. Nunnemacher also served as the president of the Muscatine Board of Trade and as the chairman of the Muscatine County Republican Party. In 1912, Nunnemacher was elected to the United States House of Representatives as a Republican. He served in the House from 1913 to 1921 and was the chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Department of Agriculture during his final term. Nunnemacher died in Muscatine, Iowa, aged 73. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.741972 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Mexicana (ship)'
The Mexicana was a topsail schooner (Spanish | The Mexicana was a topsail schooner (Spanish: "schooner", from Dutch schoone "beautiful," from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂nos, "good") built in 1839 at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Mexicana was one of the most famous sailing ships of her era, and was the first American ship to circumnavigate the world.
The Mexicana was also the first American vessel to make a voyage around Cape Horn. She made her first voyage on October 11, 1840, and her second voyage on September 10, 1843. The vessel was retired from sailing in 1846 and became a receiving ship in Philadelphia. She was destroyed by fire on May 12, 1865. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.27282 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Irish cuisine'
Irish cuisine is the style of cooking | Irish cuisine is the style of cooking prevalent in Ireland. It has its roots in the traditional cuisine of the Celtic people, and has been influenced by British, French, Italian, and other international cuisines.
Irish cuisine is characterised by its emphasis on fresh, local ingredients. There is a strong emphasis on seafood, especially in coastal areas, and meat is rarely cooked for very long. Dishes are usually simple and straightforward, with few complex flavours or ingredients. Common cooking methods include grilling, boiling, roasting, and baking.
Irish cuisine has been praised for its diversity and complexity. Many traditional dishes have evolved over centuries to become some of the most popular in Ireland. These include bangers and mash, shepherd's pie, bacon and eggs, and Guinness pie. Irish chefs have also created new dishes inspired by international trends and ingredients. These include veganism and vegetarianism in food, fusion cuisine, and gastropubs. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.23328 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Miles B. Castle'
Miles Beach Castle (August 11, 1826 – | Miles Beach Castle (August 11, 1826 – August 10, 1900) was an American banker, publisher, and politician from New York. Moving to DeKalb County, Illinois in 1856, Castle became a prosperous banker with the Sandwich Bank and Kendall County Bank. He was elected to the Illinois Senate in 1872, where he served three terms. Biography
Miles Beach Castle was born in Albany, New York on August 11, 1826. His father managed a farm in Dutchess County. Castle attended the Jonesville Academy and, upon graduating in 1846, accepted a clerkship in a dry goods store in Glens Falls. He rose to the rank of store manager by the time he left the company in 1855. That year, he moved westward to Sandwich, Illinois to open a lumberyard. He opened the Sandwich Bank in 1856. Castle married Freelove Kinney Hubbard, the daughter of Asa Kinney, on January 21, 1857. He founded the Kendall County Bank in Yorkville in 1870. | wiki-intro | 0 | 20.189548 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Glasgow Gaels GFC'
Glasgow Gaels Gaelic Football Club or Glasgow | Glasgow Gaels Gaelic Football Club or Glasgow GFC for short, is one of the most successful Gaelic football clubs in Scotland. The club was formed in 1885 and plays its home matches at Firhill Stadium.
The club has won a record twenty-one Scottish league championships, including a record twelve in a row between 1985 and 1994. The club also reached the 2007 Scottish Cup Final, but lost to Rangers. The club also reached the 2007 Scottish League Cup Final, but lost to Aberdeen. In 2013, Glasgow Gaels became the first team to win back-to-back Scottish Premier Division titles since Aberdeen in 1992 and 1993.
Glasgow Gaels also has a strong history in the European competitions, having reached the semi-finals of the 2000–01 European Champions Cup and being runners-up in the 2002–03 European Cup Winners' Cup. The club also reached the final of the 2009–10 Celtic League, but lost to St Johnstone. In November 2017, Glasgow Gaels were crowned champions of Europe after defeating Airdrieonians 5–1 in the final of the 2017–18 Champions League. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.378911 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Miguel de Beistegui'
Miguel de Beistegui (born April 3, 1966) | Miguel de Beistegui (born April 3, 1966) is a continental philosopher and Professor of Philosophy at the University of Warwick.
He is known for his expertise on Heidegger's thought. Books
Heidegger and the Political, Routledge, 1998
Philosophy and Tragedy (ed. with Simon Sparks), Routledge, 2000
Thinking with Heidegger: Displacements, Indiana University Press, 2003
Truth and Genesis: Philosophy as Differential Ontology, Indiana University Press, 2004
The New Heidegger, Continuum, 2005
Proust as Philosopher: The Art of Metaphor, Routledge, 2012
Immanence and Philosophy: Deleuze, Edinburgh University Press, 2010
Éloge de Chillida/In Praise of Chillida, Gourcuff/Gradenigo, 2011
Aesthetics After Metaphysics: From Mimesis to Metaphor, Routledge, 2012
The Care of Life: Transdisciplinary Perspectives in Bioethics and Biopolitics (ed. with G. Bianco and M. Gracieuse), Rowman and Littlefield, 2014
The Government of Desire: A Genealogy of the Liberal Subject, Chicago University Press, 2018
Lacan: A Genealogy, Bloomsbury, 2021
L'élan du désir : Pour une éthique de la volupté, Seuil, 2021
Thought Under Threat: On Superstition, Spite, and Stupidity, Chicago University Press, 2022 | wiki-intro | 0 | 23.971994 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on '1852 in Ireland'
Events from the year 1852 in Ireland. | Events from the year 1852 in Ireland.
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Owensboro Bridge'
The Owensboro Bridge is a continuous truss | The Owensboro Bridge is a continuous truss bridge that crosses the Ohio River between Owensboro, Kentucky, and Hartmann, Indiana. The bridge was completed in 1924 and is the only bridge spanning the river between those two cities. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.360351 | [
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What is and how does a ZIP file work? I ve been looking around and I can't find an explanation that I like or fully understand. How do they work and why do they exist? Explain like I' m five. | A ZIP file is a way to compress and store a large number of files in a single place. Imagine you have a folder full of different kinds of files: pictures, documents, videos, etc. It might take up a lot of space on your computer, and it might be hard to send to someone else through email or upload to a website.
A ZIP file is like a special kind of folder that can hold all of these files, but it takes up much less space on your computer and is easier to send to others. When you create a ZIP file, your computer looks at all of the files you want to include and figures out ways to make them smaller. It might remove extra spaces or other unnecessary information, or it might use a special kind of code to represent the data in a more efficient way. When you open the ZIP file, your computer can read the code and use it to recreate the original files.
ZIP files are useful because they allow you to store and share a large number of files without taking up too much space or taking too long to send. They are also convenient because you can put all of your files in a single place and then easily send them to someone else or move them to another computer. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 7.646236 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Myxofibrosarcoma'
Myxofibrosarcoma (MFS), although a rare type of | Myxofibrosarcoma (MFS), although a rare type of cancer, is one of the most aggressive, with a poor prognosis. It is classified as an embryonal sarcoma, meaning that it arises from the cells that form the embryo during development. The majority of MFS cases are found in adults over the age of 60, although it can occur at any age. The cause is unknown, but genetics and environmental factors are thought to play a role.
Myxofibrosarcoma is a rare type of cancer that arises from cells that form the embryo during development. The majority of MFS cases are found in adults over the age of 60, although it can occur at any age. The cause is unknown, but genetics and environmental factors are thought to play a role. Myxofibrosarcoma often has a poor prognosis due to its aggressive nature and the limited treatment options available. However, ongoing research is aimed at finding new ways to treat this cancer and improve its prognosis. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.87165 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'SMS Niobe'
SMS Niobe was the second member of | SMS Niobe was the second member of the ten-ship of light cruisers that were built for the German Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial Navy) in the late 1890s and early 1900s. The Gazelle class was the culmination of earlier unprotected cruiser and aviso designs, combining the best aspects of both types in what became the progenitor of all future light cruisers of the Imperial fleet. Built to be able to serve with the main German fleet and as a colonial cruiser, she was armed with a battery of ten guns and a top speed of . The ship had a long career, serving in all three German navies, along with the Yugoslav and Italian fleets over the span of more than forty years. Niobe served in both home and overseas waters in the Imperial Navy, serving in a variety of roles, including as a flotilla leader for torpedo boats, as a scout for the main fleet, and as a station ship with the East Asia Squadron. After the outbreak of World War I, the ship joined the vessels tasked with defending Germany's North Sea coast. By late 1915, she was withdrawn from active service and used as a headquarters ship for various commands. She was disarmed in 1917, but as one of the cruisers permitted to the postwar Reichsmarine (Navy of the Realm) by the Treaty of Versailles, she was modernized and rearmed in the early 1920s. | wiki-intro | 0 | 15.946755 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Matthew Morrison (album)'
Matthew Morrison is the self-titled debut album | Matthew Morrison is the self-titled debut album by American actor and singer Matthew Morrison. It was released on September 24, 2006, by Hollywood Records.
Morrison cowrote all thirteen tracks on the album, with production from Greg Wells, Ali Tamposi, and Morrison himself. The album debuted at number thirty-six on the "Billboard" 200 chart, selling over 22,000 copies in its first week. It has since sold over 220,000 copies in the United States.
Critical response to the album was generally positive. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 76, based on 12 reviews.
"Matthew Morrison" debuted at number thirty-six on the "Billboard" 200 chart with first week sales of 22,000 copies. As of October 2009, the album has sold over 220,000 copies in the United States.
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Vili Lehdonvirta'
Vili Lehdonvirta is Professor of Economic Sociology | Vili Lehdonvirta is Professor of Economic Sociology and Digital Social Research at the Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford. He is also a Senior Research Fellow of Jesus College, Oxford, an associate member of the Department of Sociology, Oxford and a Fellow of the Alan Turing Institute, London. Lehdonvirta is an economic sociologist, whose research draws on theories and approaches from economic sociology, new institutional economics, labour sociology, and science and technology studies. His research focuses on digital technologies—such as apps, platforms, and marketplaces—are governed, how they shape the organisation of economic activities, and the resulting implications for workers, consumers, businesses, and policy. Research
Lehdonvirta is the principal investigator of iLabour, a major research project on online freelancing and the gig economy, funded by the European Research Council. He also leads research projects on online labour markets' effects in rural areas and crowdworkers' skill development. His other recent research takes a critical look at Bitcoin and blockchain. His previous research on virtual goods, virtual consumption and digital games is summarised in 'Virtual Economies: Design and Analysis", published by MIT Press. | wiki-intro | 0 | 21.486139 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'MaDrique'
MaDrique Dashaun Sanders (born August 2, 1991) | MaDrique Dashaun Sanders (born August 2, 1991) is an American professional basketball player for the Toronto Raptors of the National Basketball Association (NBA).
Sanders was born in Houston, Texas to parents LaRon and Myra Sanders. His father played football at Ohio State and was drafted in the second round of the 1984 NFL Draft by the Los Angeles Rams. Sanders grew up idolizing players like Michael Jordan and Kobe Bryant. He played AAU basketball for the Houston Hoops and attended Cy-Fair High School. As a senior, he averaged 25.5 points, 11 rebounds, 5 assists, 4 steals and 3 blocks per game while leading his team to a state championship.
Sanders played two seasons of college basketball for Southern Methodist University before declaring for the 2011 NBA draft. Sanders was drafted 14th overall by the Milwaukee Bucks. He was later traded to the Toronto Raptors in 2014. In 2016, Sanders became a restricted free agent and signed a three-year, $27 million contract with the Raptors. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.592352 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Richard Harrison (painter)'
Richard Harrison (born 2 October 1954) is | Richard Harrison (born 2 October 1954) is an English painter. Biography
Richard Harrison was born on 2 October 1954, in Mill Road Hospital, Liverpool, England to an unmarried mother from Whitby, Yorkshire, and was adopted at twenty days old by a comfortable upper-middle-class mercantile family from Liverpool. He was educated at Aysgarth Preparatory School in North Yorkshire (1963–68), and then at Harrow Public School in North West London (1968–72). In 1973, he travelled down the West African coast from Dakar in Senegal to Douala in Cameroon as cadet purser on the Merchant Navy vessel MV Dalla. In September 1973, he went up to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied Mediaeval History, graduating in 1976. From 1981 to 1983, he studied furniture design at the London College of Furniture and in 1984 went to Chelsea School of Art, where he completed a BA degree in Fine Art in 1987 and an MA degree in Fine Art, Painting in 1988. | wiki-intro | 0 | 18.534161 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Reform War'
The War of the Reform in | The War of the Reform in Mexico, also known as the Three Years' War, was a civil war lasting from January 1858 to December 1860, fought between liberals and conservatives, principally over church-state issues of the Liberal Reform laws and the Constitution of 1857. The proximate cause of the war were two conservative coups led by Félix Zuloaga, one in December 1857 and the other in January 1858. The war was part of a fierce thirteen-year conflict (1854-1867) with the secular nationalist liberals ultimately prevailing over conservatives having a theocratic worldview.<ref>Sinkin, Richard. The Mexican Reform, 1855-1876: A Study in Liberal Nation-Building. Austin: University of Texas Press, 137</ref> Liberals came to power in 1854 with the Revolution of Ayutla, initiated major reforms and promulgating a new constitution, leading conservatives to form a parallel government. This sparked a full civil lasting three years. Liberals won the war on the battlefield, but they did not definitively defeat Conservatives, who sought European intervention. Until the defeat of the Second French Intervention in Mexico and Second Mexican Empire in 1867, Mexican liberals were embroiled in civil war against conservatives. The liberal Constitution of 1857 was promulgated under the presidency of moderate liberal Ignacio Comonfort, which incorporated individual anticlerical laws passed by Liberals. The constitution codified the Liberal program intended to eliminate the political, economic, and cultural power of the Catholic Church; separating church and state, while also attempting at reducing the power of the Mexican Army; strengthening the secular state through public education; and economically developing the nation. The Constitution of 1857, promulgated in February, immediately faced extreme opposition from Conservatives and the Catholic Church, most notably over the Lerdo law, which stripped the church of most of its rural property. The measure was not exclusively aimed at the Catholic Church, but also Mexico's native communities, which were also forced to sell their traditional communal lands. | wiki-intro | 0 | 33.207672 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Jasmina Ahmetagić'
Jasmina Ahmetagić (Belgrade, 1970) is a Serbian | Jasmina Ahmetagić (Belgrade, 1970) is a Serbian professor, researcher, literary critic, theorist and poet who has published a number of books analyzing the prose and works of other authors. Biography
She was born in 1970 in Belgrade. She graduated from the Faculty of Philology in Belgrade, where she received her master's and doctoral degrees with the topic "Biblical subtext of Serbian prose from the second half of the twentieth century (R. Konstantinović, M. Kovač, D. Kiš, M. Pavić, B. Pekić, V. Dobrivojević)". She is a Doctor of Literary Sciences, Associate Professor and Senior Research Associate. She taught at the Zemun Gymnasium, worked twice in the National Library of Serbia, where she was engaged in proofreading. She also taught at the International University and the State University in Novi Pazar, Alfa University in Belgrade and worked at the Institute of Serbian Culture in Kosovo. For the last few years, she worked at the UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning in Leposavić. On 27 January 2015, she received the "Nikola Milošević" award for the book "The Storyteller and the Story". The award is given for the best work in the field of philosophy, aesthetics and theory of literature and art. | wiki-intro | 0 | 15.048567 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Caterina Edwards'
Caterina Edwards LoVerso (born 1948) is a | Caterina Edwards LoVerso (born 1948) is a British artist and sculptor.
Caterina Edwards was born in 1948 in London, England. She studied at the Slade School of Fine Arts, London, UK, graduating with a BFA in 1974. She then studied at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts, Antwerp, Belgium, from which she received her MA in 1976.
Edwards has exhibited her work internationally, including in the United States, Italy, Spain, Japan and Belgium. She has also been awarded several prizes, including the John Moores Painting Prize (1996), the Turner Prize (2000) and the BBC Award for Art and Culture (2002).
Edwards lives and works in London. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.174052 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Confession Blues'
"Confession Blues" is a song by The | "Confession Blues" is a song by The Maxin Trio released in 1949 as a single on the Down Beat Records label (later known as Swing Time). The single featured American rhythm and blues (R&B) musician Ray Charles on piano and vocals. The song was written by Charles under his birth name Ray Charles Robinson (listed on the recording credits as R. C. Robinson). Charles moved to Seattle in 1948, where he formed The McSon Trio with guitarist G. D. "Gossie" McKee and bass player Milton S. Garret. In late 1948, Jack Lauderdale of Down Beat Records heard Charles play at the Seattle jazz club, The Rocking Chair. The next day, Lauderdale took Charles and his trio to a Seattle recording studio where they recorded "Confession Blues" and "I Love You, I Love You". In February 1949, the two songs were released as Down Beat record number 171 with "Confession Blues" as the B-side. The group's name—The McSon Trio—was inadvertently listed as The Maxin Trio on the record. "Confession Blues" became the first single by Charles record to chart. The song, as well as much of Charles' early work, was grounded in the style of Nat King Cole and Charles Brown. "Confession Blues" entered the charts in early April 1949 at No. 11 on the Billboard Best Selling Retail Race Records chart (renamed the Retail Rhythm & Blues Records chart a short time later). It peaked at No. 5 in mid-May 1949. | wiki-intro | 0 | 23.520817 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Dariush Homayoon'
Daryoush Homayoun (; 19282011) was an Iranian | Daryoush Homayoun (; 19282011) was an Iranian journalist, author, intellectual, and politician. He was the Minister of Information and Tourism in the cabinet of Jamshid Amouzegar, founder of the daily newspaper Ayandegan, and one-time high-ranking member of the Rastakhiz party. In exile he became one of the founders of the Constitutionalist Party of Iran. He was famous for his analytical writings and largely impartial assessment of history. His outspoken manner, criticizing the Islamic Republic with harsh tones, but also directing his criticism at the Pahlavi policies, earned him respect of many, while at the same time creating many enemies. He was one of the most influential Iranian opposition leaders in exile. Youth
Homayoun was born in Tehran on 27 September 1928 and began his involvement in the political sphere at the age of fourteen. In his younger years he was a member of several Iranian parties, generally with nationalist views opposing the rise of leftist ideas and the influence of the Tudeh party, such as SUMKA. He began as a supporter of Mohammad Mossadegh but was imprisoned during Mossadegh's premiership. | wiki-intro | 0 | 23.21801 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Helene Demuth'
Helene Demuth (31 December 1820 – 4 | Helene Demuth (31 December 1820 – 4 November 1890) was a German housekeeper who worked for Jenny and Karl Marx, and later served as the household manager and political confidante of Friedrich Engels. Biography
Helena Demuth was born of peasant parents on 31 December 1820 in Sankt Wendel in today's Saarland. In 1840 Helena and her older sister worked in Trier as maids, Helena in von Westphalen household, her sister in the house of a soapmaker two blocks away. They only worked there for about a year, then Katharina got pregnant and both went back to St. Wendel. In 1843 Helena lived in St. Wendel in the house of her mother in Grabenstrasse. In 1843 Karl Marx married Jenny von Westphalen. Helena Demuth joined their household in April 1845 in Brussels, where she was sent by Jenny's mother. She stayed with the Marxes as a lifelong housekeeper, friend, and political confidante, and was commonly known to the family by the nicknames Lenchen or Nim. | wiki-intro | 0 | 25.529419 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'David Gillick'
David Gillick (born 9 July 1983, in | David Gillick (born 9 July 1983, in Dublin) is an Irish international track and field athlete. He began his education in Our Lady's Boys School and attended St Benildus College secondary school in Kilmacud. He studied at Dublin Institute of Technology before moving to Loughborough University in the United Kingdom to train as a full-time athlete with coach Nick Dakin. Gillick specialises in the 400 metres and he won the European Indoor Championship in 2005 and 2007, as well as the Irish National Outdoor Championship in 2006 and 2007. He set the Irish Indoor record of 45.52 seconds in the 2007 final. The time also beat the Irish outdoor record of 45.58 and was within the Olympic 'A' qualifying standard for the 2008 Games. On 4 July 2009 he ran 44.77 seconds in a race in Madrid to set a new national record. He is also the 2009 Irish national 200 m champion. Career
Gillick first ran for Ireland at the European Athletics U23 Championships in 2003, however it was not a successful international debut for Gillick. At the 2004 IAAF World Indoor Championships Gillick won a bronze medal as part of the Irish 4x400 metres relay team (along with Robert Daly, David McCarthy and Gary Ryan). Despite improving his personal best, Gillick did not qualify for the 2004 Summer Olympics. | wiki-intro | 0 | 19.347588 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Axone (film)'
Axone is a 2019 Indian comedy-drama film | Axone is a 2019 Indian comedy-drama film directed by debutant Akshay Kumar and produced by Fox Star Studios. It is written by Kumar himself and features an ensemble cast including Ranveer Singh, Boman Irani, Arjun Rampal, Amala Ratna Zandile Dlamini and Priyanka Chopra.
The film is set in the fictional city of Axone and tells the story of a dysfunctional family of four – father Ranveer Singh (Ranveer Singh), mother Amala Ratna Zandile Dlamini (Amala Ratna Zandile Dlamini), sister Rohini (Priyanka Chopra) and brother Vijay (Boman Irani) – who are struggling to cope with the rapid changes in their society.
Development on the film began in 2016, with Kumar writing the script over the course of two months. Principal photography began in early 2019 in Mumbai and Delhi. The visual effects were created by The Mill.
"Axone" was released on 5 February 2019 in India. The film received mixed reviews from critics, with praise for the acting and writing but criticism for its uneven tone and lack of cohesion. It was commercially successful, grossing over ₹200 crore worldwide. | wiki-intro | 1 | 12.133981 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Morton and Mayo'
Morton and Mayo were a Vaudeville dance | Morton and Mayo were a Vaudeville dance and comedy duo from approximately the 1920s to the 1940s who were predominately known for an artificial horse act known as Pansy the Horse. "Mayo" was Andy Mayo and "Morton" was portrayed by both Al Morton from 1923 to 1931 and by Nonnie Morton from 1931 to 1942. First Morton and Mayo (1918-1930)
Al Morton and Andy Mayo toured the United States on a variety of Vaudeville stages including the Orpheum Circuit in various singing, dancing and comedy shows. These shows would typically include a feature film presentation and several other live Vaudeville acts including dancing girls and a band. In 1925 they were featured in Chicago's Frolics cafe's Frivolous Frolics and toured the US as Two Nuts left over from xmas. In 1926 they traveled to Hawaii as the featured act in Maurice Kusel's Melody Maid Revue at Hawaii Theatre in Honolulu, HI. In 1930 they began acting as a three-person act with Al Morton (front) and Andy Mayo (rear) performing in a two-person artificial horse costume and a third female performer acting as the horse's trainer. The peak of the first Morton and Mayo's career was a Paramount Publix Theaters production that was devised and directed by Boris Petroff modeled after Noah's Ark called Noah's Lark. Noah's Lark toured the United States for the last half of 1930 beginning in New York, NY. In New York, a rising Ethel Merman performed with the show in Brooklyn, NY at the Brooklyn Paramount Theater. | wiki-intro | 0 | 38.846951 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Bob Wilson (sportscaster)'
Robert Henry Castellon (March 9, 1929 – | Robert Henry Castellon (March 9, 1929 – January 15, 2015), known as Bob Wilson, was an American radio personality and hockey broadcaster who served as the longtime play-by-play announcer of the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League. In 1987, Wilson was honoured with the Foster Hewitt Memorial Award, enshrining him in the broadcasters' wing of the Hockey Hall of Fame. He was inducted into the Massachusetts Broadcaster's Hall of Fame in 2007. Wilson's booming baritone voice and his ability to articulate for radio listeners the dynamic flow and possession changes of ice hockey distinguished him from his peers. He also was noted for his detailed descriptions of hockey fights, which pleased his fans but sometimes gained him disapproval from critics. Early life and career
Robert Castellon grew up in the Boston suburb of Arlington and graduated from Arlington High School; he served in the United States Air Force and attended Boston University and the Leland Powers School. He began his broadcasting career in Louisiana, including a stint at a station in Baton Rouge. When he returned to the Boston area as a Top 40 disk jockey at WCOP, he adopted his mother's surname, Wilson, as his professional name to fit into the station's on-air jingles. In 1962, he became a staff announcer at WHDH-AM 850 (now WEEI), where he worked as the analyst on Bruins' games and was the weekend sports anchor on the then-WHDH-TV Channel 5, the city's CBS affiliate. | wiki-intro | 0 | 20.49375 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Lead videography'
The Japanese group Lead has released over | The Japanese group Lead has released over 25 albums since their inception in 1982. Their music is often characterized by its heavy use of synthesizers and electronic drums, which has led to them being dubbed "the godfathers of electronica."
Lead videography is the process of filming a music performance using videography equipment. While it is not specifically a form of photography, videography can be used to create a documentary-style record of a show. Lead videography can be used to capture the energy and excitement of a live performance, or to create a polished piece of video art.
The use of video technology to capture live performances has become increasingly common over the past few decades. With the advent of digital cameras and recording software, Lead Videography has become an easy and affordable way to create high-quality videos that can be used for promotional purposes, video content for websites and blogs, or simply as a personal record of a show. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.30319 | [
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