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int64 | perplexity
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Le Col–Wahoo'
Le Col–Wahoo is a UCI women's cycling | Le Col–Wahoo is a UCI women's cycling team based in the United Kingdom, founded in 2015.
The team is jointly sponsored by cycling apparel firm Le Col and fitness technology company Wahoo. Sponsorship
Unlike many teams that are named purely after their sponsors the team have managed to maintain the 'Drops' brand throughout the majority of its existence whilst supplementing the Drops name with title sponsors. In 2018 Trek Bikes became title sponsors of the team. In 2019 the team reverted to its previous name as Trek ended their sponsorship after one year in order to start their own team. When a prospective replacement sponsor also pulled out the team launched a crowdfunding campaign in order to stay afloat
and raised £25,000.
In December 2020 it was announced that the team's clothing supplier Le Col would step up to co-title sponsor for the 2021 season after agreeing to double their investment in the team. They were joined by American mattress and pillow manufacturer TEMPUR. The team confirmed that funding would not go as far as being able to pay a salary to riders, something Drops has always been transparent about its inability to do. | wiki-intro | 0 | 32.834251 | [
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what does the FOIA apply to | The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) is a federal freedom of information law that allows for the full or partial disclosure of previously unreleased information and documents controlled by the United States government. | hc3-open_qa | 0 | 7.762623 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'KCMO (AM)'
KCMO (710 kHz) is a commercial AM | KCMO (710 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station licensed to Kansas City, Missouri. The station is owned by Cumulus Media and airs a country music format.
The station first went on the air in 1922 as KMCI, and was originally owned by the McIntosh Radio Company. In the 1940s, the station became KMOZ, and it was purchased by CBS Radio in 1965. CBS renamed the station KCMO in 1968. The station aired a news/talk format until 1997, when it switched to a country music format. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.642969 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Michael Good (footballer)'
Michael H. S. Good (1 July 1875 | Michael H. S. Good (1 July 1875 – 23 March 1955) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Essendon in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Good was a key player for Essendon in the early years of the VFL and won the club's best and fairest award in 1903. He played his last game for Essendon in 1906 and moved to South Melbourne the following year. He played with South Melbourne until 1913 and then spent time playing with various other clubs before retiring in 1920.
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'The Hussaini Encyclopedia'
The Hussaini Encyclopedia (Arabic - دائرة المعارف | The Hussaini Encyclopedia (Arabic - دائرة المعارف الحسينية - Dāʾirat al-maʿārif al-Ḥusaynīyah) is a one-of-a-kind encyclopedia in Arabic, completely themed on the third Imam, Husayn ibn Ali, his biography, thought and way of conduct, as well as on the social circle of personalities around him and also of places, chronicles and various other related subjects. This encyclopedia consisted of 700 volumes and well over 95 million words. Sheikh Mohammed Sadiq Al-Karbassi, author of the voluminous Arabic encyclopedia dedicated to Imam al-Hussain started his work by establishing the Hussaini Center for Research in London in 1993. The Hussaini Encyclopedia is a historic study of al-Hussain which provides a heritage owing to its impact on all events, particularly the aftermath of battle of Karbala with its impact being observed in recent times. About the Hussaini Encyclopedia
In 1987, Al-Karbassi planned to work on the Hussaini Encyclopedia and established the Hussaini Center for Research in London in 1993. The encyclopedia is completely themed on Imam Al-Hussain His inspiration to start this work was by him who "does not speak out of his own fancy" (The Star 53-3 – i.e. the Islamic prophet Mohammed) when he declared: "Hussain is from me and I am from Hussain". And this work has penetrated the barriers of time, place, language and identity in searching and conveying pieces of information related to the Cause of Imam Al-Hussain. | wiki-intro | 0 | 33.390972 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Cycloisomerization'
Cycloisomerization is any isomerization in which the | Cycloisomerization is any isomerization in which the molecule becomes divided into two or more pieces that are not mirror images of each other. This type of isomerization is important for the production of plastics and other materials.
Cycloisomerization is a type of isomerization that occurs in organic materials, such as plastics and synthetic fibers. Cycloisomerization occurs when the molecule becomes divided into two or more pieces that are not mirror images of each other. This process is important for the production of plastics and other materials, because it allows for the creation of new compounds with unique properties. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.988212 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Ceanothus parvifolius'
Ceanothus parvifolius is a species of shrub | Ceanothus parvifolius is a species of shrub in the family Rhamnaceae. It is endemic to California, where it is known from the Central Valley, the Sierra Nevada, and the Transverse Ranges.
The shrub grows to a height of 2–5 metres, with a dense shrub layer and a few erect branches. The leaves are oblong to lance-shaped, 2–5 cm long and 0.5–1 cm wide, with serrated margins. The flowers are white or light pink, and borne in clusters of up to 10 flowers. The fruit is a dark blueberry-sized drupe. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.918892 | [
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A mercury pressure gauge is a type | A mercury pressure gauge is a type of manometer using mercury as the working fluid. The most basic form of this instrument is a U-shaped glass tube filled with mercury. More complex versions deal with very high pressure or have better means of filling with mercury. Description
The instrument consists of a glass U-tube half-filled with mercury. One end is connected to the vessel whose pressure is being measured. The other may be either left open or sealed. If it is left open, the pressure measured is relative to air pressure, which is variable. If it is sealed, the pressure measured is the absolute pressure. The tube is sealed during manufacture with the sealed end containing a vacuum. Mercury is a useful material to use in a manometer because of its high density. This means that a much shorter column is needed compared to water. For instance, the pressure represented by a column of of water is just under of mercury (mmHg). | wiki-intro | 0 | 17.416765 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Traditional Jewish chronology'
Traditional Jewish chronology (aka Jewish timekeeping). Jewish | Traditional Jewish chronology (aka Jewish timekeeping). Jewish timekeeping is the tradition of keeping track of time according to a set of rules and conventions. These rules and conventions vary from one community to the next, but generally speaking, Jewish timekeeping is based on the lunar month and the sun's round trip around the earth.
Jewish timekeeping has been in use for at least 2,000 years. The earliest known reference to Jewish timekeeping is from the Babylonian Talmud, which was written in the second century CE. Jewish timekeeping was further developed in the Middle Ages by scholars such as Rabbi Isaac ben Solomon Luria (1534-1572), who created the first comprehensive system of Jewish timekeeping.
Today, traditional Jewish chronology is used by many communities around the world. It is an important part of Jewish culture and identity, and can provide a unique perspective on historical events. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.03726 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Rijeka'
Rijeka ( , , | Rijeka ( , , ; , ; local Chakavian: Reka; ; ) is the principal seaport and the third-largest city in Croatia (after Zagreb and Split). It is located in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County on Kvarner Bay, an inlet of the Adriatic Sea and in 2021 had a population of 108,622 inhabitants.
Historically, because of its strategic position and its excellent deep-water port, the city was fiercely contested, especially between the HRE, Hungary (serving as the Kingdom of Hungary's largest and most important port), Italy and Croatia, changing rulers and demographics many times over centuries. According to the 2011 census data, the majority of its citizens are Croats, along with small numbers of Serbs,
Bosniaks and Italians. Rijeka is the main city and county seat of the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County. The city's economy largely depends on shipbuilding (shipyards "3. Maj" and "Viktor Lenac Shipyard") and maritime transport. Rijeka hosts the Croatian National Theatre Ivan pl. Zajc, first built in 1765, as well as the University of Rijeka, founded in 1973 but with roots dating back to 1632 and the local Jesuit School of Theology. | wiki-intro | 0 | 34.237377 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Subh-i-Azal'
Ṣubḥ-i-Azal (1831–1912, born Mírzá Yaḥyá) was an | Ṣubḥ-i-Azal (1831–1912, born Mírzá Yaḥyá) was an Iranian Twelver Shi'i religious leader who served as the last Grand Ayatollah of Iran.
He was also a significant figure in the history of Persian literature and mysticism. After the death of Muhammad Baqir Majlesi, he succeeded him as the head of the Najaf School of thought.
He was born in 1831, in a village near the city of Qazvin in present-day Iran. He studied Islamic theology and jurisprudence at the Najaf School of Islamic Theology before being appointed as a judge in 1873. In 1877 he was appointed as a member of the royal court and became known for his legal rulings on religious matters. In 1880, he was appointed as the Grand Mufti of Iran and served in that role until 1909, when he resigned due to ill health. He died in 1912.
Subh-i-Azal is considered one of the most influential Iranian religious leaders and philosophers, and is also noted for his contributions to Persian literature and mysticism. His philosophy is based on the belief that there is one divine source that can be accessed by all humans, regardless of their station in life. His teachings have been influential on subsequent Islamic thinkers, including Ayatollah Khomeini. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.679934 | [
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What causes popping at the base of skull and dizziness? my husband felt a popping at the base of the skull, got dizzy then ended on the floor passed out. His eyes wide open and no movement. he has gone for all sorts of testing, from CT, MRI, blood test etc. They found nothing. This has happened again. Any ideas? | Hello. I have been through your question and understand your concern. This seems a clear episode of loss of consciousness (LOC). Since CT and MRI ruled out any brain damage responsable for these events, I reccomend an electroencephalogran which evaluates the electrical brain activity. This is very helpful in cases of epilepsy which a condition which might cause LOC. It is unusual at this age that LOC be related to epilepsy, still you should rule it out. Hope this helps, please feel free using MHC again. | hc3-medicine | 0 | 63.142277 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Juniperus cedrus'
Juniperus cedrus, the Canary Islands juniper, is | Juniperus cedrus, the Canary Islands juniper, is a juniper species native to the Canary Islands. It is a small tree or shrub, reaching no more than 6 m tall, with a trunk up to 1.5 m in diameter. The leaves are small, green, and scale-like, and the cones are small, green, and leathery. The tree is endemic to the Canary Islands, where it is found on rocky slopes and in dry forests. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.290876 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Thomas Tredwell'
Thomas Tredwell (February 6, 1743 – December | Thomas Tredwell (February 6, 1743 – December 30, 1831) was an American lawyer and politician from Plattsburgh, New York. He served in the New York State Senate and represented New York in the United States House of Representatives from 1791 to 1795. Biography
Tredwell was born in Smithtown in the Province of New York on February 6, 1743. He graduated from Princeton College in 1764 where he studied law. He was admitted to the bar and began practice in Plattsburgh. He was a delegate to the Provincial Congress of New York in 1774 and 1775 and a delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1776 and 1777. He was member of the New York State Assembly from 1777 to 1783; judge of the court of probate from 1778 to 1787; served in the New York State Senate from 1786 to 1789; surrogate of Suffolk County, New York from 1787 to 1791; and delegate to the State ratification convention in 1788. | wiki-intro | 0 | 6.321936 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Overlapped I/O'
Overlapped I/O is a name used for | Overlapped I/O is a name used for a set of techniques for improving throughput and latency of I/O operations by overlapping the execution of multiple I/O requests.
Overlapped I/O can be achieved by overlapping the execution of multiple I/O requests either by thread or process. By overlapping the requests, each request can be serviced in a shorter amount of time, leading to improved throughput and latency. Overlapped I/O is commonly used in conjunction with parallel processing, as it can help improve performance by dividing the workload between multiple threads or processes. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.9528 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Henry Hobson'
Henry Wise Hobson II (May 16, 1891 | Henry Wise Hobson II (May 16, 1891 – November 10, 1938) was an American economist who received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1936. Hobson is considered one of the fathers of modern economics.
Henry Wise Hobson II was born on May 16, 1891 in Madison, Wisconsin, United States. He received his BS from the University of Wisconsin in 1913 and his MA from the University of Chicago in 1916. He then studied at the London School of Economics and Political Science, where he received his PhD in 1921.
Hobson began his career at the University of Wisconsin as an assistant professor of economics in 1922. In 1927 he moved to Columbia University, where he remained until 1936, when he was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.
Hobson's work focused on the theory of market equilibrium and economic fluctuations. His most famous book, The Theory of Money and Credit (1912), is still studied today. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.518167 | [
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Shereen Arazm Koules (born 1972) is a | Shereen Arazm Koules (born 1972) is a Canadian restaurateur, nightclub owner, and television personality who lives in Los Angeles. She was also the "resident" judge on the highly rated television series, Top Chef Canada for four seasons and the brand ambassador for Nespresso Canada in 2013 and 2014. LA Times Magazine named Arazm one of the top 4 entertainment hosts in Los Angeles in 2007. Early life and education
Arazm was born in Toronto in 1972 to a Scottish mother and Iranian father. Her father left Iran at the age of 14 to study in Europe. The family eventually settled in Toronto. Arazm waited tables in Toronto at the age of 18 at Terroni restaurant. She then moved to New York City where she attended art school for a week and half before dropping out. She tended bar and managed restaurants in New York. In 2000, Arazm lost out on an opportunity to purchase a bar on the Upper West Side of Manhattan. After that incident, she moved to Los Angeles where she quickly found work as a bartender at a club called, Las Palmas. | wiki-intro | 0 | 13.477152 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'In Our Heads'
In Our Heads is the fifth studio | In Our Heads is the fifth studio album by American rock band Muse, released on September 15, 2009 by Warner Bros. Records. The album was preceded by the single "Madness" in early 2009.
The album was produced by Muse and Rob Cavallo, with additional production from Chris Lord-Alge and mixing by Chris Lord-Alge at The Lodge in Hollywood, California. The album's lyrical content addresses the band's personal relationships, both past and present. Musically, the album incorporates a variety of styles, including alternative rock, electronic music and dubstep.
The album debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart and at number two on the US Billboard 200 chart. It has sold over 1.1 million copies in the United States and over 4 million worldwide. The album won the 2010 Grammy Award for Best Rock Album.
In Our Heads is the fifth studio album by American rock band Muse. The album was preceded by the single "Madness" in early 2009. The band began working on the album in 2008, after their performance at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival. The album was produced by Muse and Rob Cavallo, with additional production from Chris Lord-Alge and mixing by Chris Lord-Alge at The Lodge in Hollywood, California.
The lyrical content of In Our Heads addresses the band's personal relationships, both past and present. Musically, the album incorporates a variety of styles, including alternative rock, electronic music and dubstep | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.074571 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Prosto z mostu'
Prosto z mostu (English: Straight Out) was | Prosto z mostu (English: Straight Out) was a Yugoslav rock band from Zagreb. They were active from 1978 to 1984.
Formed in 1978 in Zagreb, Prosto z mostu were one of the most popular Yugoslav rock bands of the early 1980s. Their distinctive sound was based on heavy, hard-rocking rhythms and catchy melodies. They released a number of successful albums throughout their career, including the gold-selling album "Zašto se ljubiš" in 1983. The band split up in 1984 but re-formed in 2000 and released a new album in 2002. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.192641 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Basilio'
Basilio is a name of Italian, Spanish, | Basilio is a name of Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, Romanian and French origin. It is derived from the Latin name Basilius meaning "of Basilea", the ancient capital of the province of Raetia. Basilio was also used as a given name in Poland and Hungary.
Basilio is a masculine name, typically given to boys. It is derived from the Latin name Basilius meaning "of Basilea", the ancient capital of the province of Raetia. Basilio was also used as a given name in Poland and Hungary. Basilio may also refer to: Basil (given name), a male given name in various languages Basilica (building), a Christian church or place of worship Basilisk (mythical creature), any of several venomous snakes with a long neck | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.804873 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Cochetopa Pass'
Cochetopa Pass is a mountain pass in | Cochetopa Pass is a mountain pass in the Rocky Mountains of south-central Colorado. It lies on the Continental Divide between the city of Gunnison to the northwest and the town of Saguache to the southeast. It also lies on the boundary between the Gunnison and Rio Grande National Forests. Its name is taken from the Cochetopa Hills that it lies within, Cochetopa being the Ute Indian word for "pass of the buffalo". The original pass is traversed by Saguache County Road NN14, a maintained gravel road. Another crossing, sometimes called North Cochetopa Pass and more often simply North Pass, is located nearby on State Highway 114, which is paved and reaches a slightly higher elevation. History
The area of the Cochetopa Hills was a hunting ground of the Ute Indians. The area of the pass would be explored by many men in search of a route over and through the Rocky Mountains. Many expeditions would end in disaster. | wiki-intro | 0 | 22.958359 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Lauridromia intermedia'
Lauridromia intermedia is a species of crab | Lauridromia intermedia is a species of crab spider in the family Thomisidae. It is found in the United States and Canada.
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Montreal Expos'
The Montreal Expos were a Canadian | The Montreal Expos were a Canadian professional baseball team based in Montreal, Quebec. The Expos were the first Major League Baseball (MLB) franchise located outside the United States. They played in the National League (NL) East division from 1969 until 2004. Following the 2004 season, the franchise relocated to Washington, D.C., and became the Washington Nationals. Immediately after the minor league Triple-A Montreal Royals folded in 1960, political leaders in Montreal sought an MLB franchise, and when the National League evaluated expansion candidates for the 1969 season, it awarded a team to Montreal. Named after the Expo 67 World's Fair, the Expos originally played at Jarry Park Stadium before moving to Olympic Stadium in 1977. The Expos failed to post a winning record in any of their first ten seasons. The team won its only division title in the strike-shortened season, but lost the 1981 National League Championship Series (NLCS) to the Los Angeles Dodgers. The team was sold in 1991 by its majority, founding owner, Charles Bronfman, to a consortium headed by Claude Brochu. Felipe Alou was promoted to the team's field manager in 1992, becoming MLB's first Dominican-born manager. He led the team to four winning seasons, including , where the Expos had the best record in baseball before a players' strike ended the season. Alou became the Expos leader in games managed (1,409). | wiki-intro | 0 | 16.540846 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Lilian Hofmeister'
Lilian Hofmeister (born October 16, 1950) is | Lilian Hofmeister (born October 16, 1950) is a leading Austrian expert in the field of advancement of women's rights, women's access to justice and in particular elimination of discrimination against women. She worked as a judge in Austria for more than 30 years and has served as Substitute Justice at the Austrian Constitutional Court since 1998. On June 26, 2014, Justice Hofmeister was elected as one of 12 members of the Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), replacing those members whose four-year term will expire at the end of 2014. Comprising 23 independent experts, the Committee monitors the implementation of the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women by State parties. From 1976 to 2010 Justice Hofmeister worked as a judge, mainly at the Commercial Court in Vienna, where she started to actively address challenges regarding discrimination against women in daily life and in particular in their access to justice. | wiki-intro | 0 | 12.537818 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Anilox'
In printing, anilox is a method used | In printing, anilox is a method used to provide a measured amount of ink to a flexographic (flexo) printing plate. An anilox roll is a hard cylinder, usually constructed of a steel or aluminum core which is coated by an industrial ceramic, typically Chromium oxide powder, whose surface is engraved with millions of very fine dimples, known as anilox cells. In the printing process, the anilox roll is coated in a precise layer of ink that is then transferred to the raised portions of the printing plate. The number, size, and geometry of the anilox cells vary and will determine the amount of ink that the anilox roll delivers to the plate. Usage
Depending on the detail of the images to be printed, the press operator will select an anilox roll with a higher or lower line screen. "Line screen" is the term used for the number of cells engraved on the anilox. Low line screen rolls (100-300 lpi) are used where a heavy layer of ink is desired, such as in heavy block lettering. Higher line screens (500-1500 lpi) produce finer details and are used in four-color process work such as reproducing photographs. Often a job will require a different line screen for each color to be printed. Experienced press operators are skilled at determining the appropriate rolls for a given print job. | wiki-intro | 0 | 22.280552 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Oliver, Edmonton'
Oliver is one of the oldest residential | Oliver is one of the oldest residential neighbourhoods in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The neighbourhood is bounded by 97th Street to the north, 138th Avenue to the east, 142nd Street to the south and 114th Street to the west. It has a population of approximately 5,000 people.
Oliver was founded in 1892 as a farming community by the Oliver family. The neighbourhood's name is derived from the Oliver family's first name, Oliver. The original Oliver homestead was located at what is now the corner of 136th Avenue and 97th Street. The neighbourhood was originally part of the old Strathcona County.
The neighbourhood's earliest development took place on its eastern border along 138th Avenue. This area was primarily farmland until the early 1900s, when it began to be developed into housing. In 1909, a small commercial district began to develop along 98th Street, and by 1917 this area had become known as "the Village". The commercial district continued to grow throughout the 1920s and 1930s, and by 1940 it had become a major shopping district for the neighbourhood.
The western portion of the neighbourhood developed later, starting in the 1950s. This area was initially undeveloped farmland, but it began to be developed starting in the late 1960s. By 1981, this area had become a major residential area for the neighbourhood.
Today, Oliver is one of Edmonton's oldest neighbourhoods, and it remains one of its most diverse. It is home to a large number | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.805759 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Ramesses XI'
Menmaatre Ramesses XI (also written Ramses and | Menmaatre Ramesses XI (also written Ramses and Rameses) reigned from 1107 BC to 1078 BC or 1077 BC and was the tenth and final pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt and as such, was the last king of the New Kingdom period. He ruled Egypt for at least 29 years although some Egyptologists think he could have ruled for as long as 30. The latter figure would be up to 2 years beyond this king's highest known date of Year 10 of the Whm Mswt era or Year 28 of his reign. One scholar, Ad Thijs, has suggested that Ramesses XI could even have reigned as long as 33 years. It is believed that Ramesses ruled into his Year 29 since a graffito records that the general and High Priest of Amun Piankh returned to Thebes from Nubia on III Shemu day 23—or just 3 days into what would have been the start of Ramesses XI's 29th regnal year. Piankh is known to have campaigned in Nubia during Year 28 of Ramesses XI's reign (or Year 10 of the Whm Mswt) and would have returned home to Egypt in the following year. | wiki-intro | 0 | 34.072014 | [
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I just made $50K from selling my house. How should I invest the proceeds? | First pay off all existing debt. Then set up at least 6 month emergency fund. Freelancing exposes you to way more risks than employment. Then buy GIC' s to cover and match the maturity of your expected education fees. Only'play' with what is left. Don' t over think it. Buy a low-cost (less than 0. 5%) passive large-index mutual fund covering either the S& P or TSX. | hc3-finance | 0 | 64.062866 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Train+Train'
Train+Train is a Japanese light novel series, | Train+Train is a Japanese light novel series, written by Kazuma Kamachi and illustrated by Shigenori Soejima. The series is published in Japan by ASCII Media Works under their Dengeki Bunko imprint, and it has been licensed for release in English by Yen Press.
The story follows the life of Hiyoko Saionji, an ordinary high school girl who is thrust into a world of magic and adventure when she stumbles upon a mysterious train on the side of the road. She soon discovers that the train is a portal to another world, and that she is the only person who can travel to it. Hiyoko must use her wit and courage to navigate the dangerous world of the train, and save its inhabitants from peril. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.893251 | [
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Gliese 777 b, also known as Gliese | Gliese 777 b, also known as Gliese 778, is a red dwarf star located in the constellation of Libra, about 20.5 light-years from Earth. It was discovered on 10 January 2009 by the European Southern Observatory's High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) at La Silla, Chile. The discovery was announced on 23 January 2009.
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Rowena Mary Bruce'
Rowena Mary Bruce (15 May 1919 – | Rowena Mary Bruce (15 May 1919 – 28 October 2013) was a British actress. Born in London, she made her stage debut in 1939 and began appearing in films in the early 1940s. She achieved international success in the 1957 film The Inn of the Sixth Happiness, for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress. Bruce also appeared in such films as A Tale of Two Cities (1958), Doctor Zhivago (1965), and The Towering Inferno (1974). | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.453598 | [
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Where did the notion of Korean fan-death come from, and why do they STILL believe it? Saw a smaller explanation in the comment thread of another ELI5, and it got me interested. Explain like I' m five. | I always heard that fan death became a thing after several people were found dead under mysterious circumstances. The fans were blamed to preserve family honor, but many of the deaths were suicides. Suicides are still commonly covered up as fan deaths. The myth started some decades ago when a few people were found dead with no obvious cause of death. They did, however, happen to have slept with the fan on, so the media started a story about how sleeping with a fan on can kill you. Some people think the government encouraged this idea because S. Korea had an energy problem back then. (As an aside, Korea has an energy problem again because a few of its nuclear reactors were taken offline after reaching their designed life time and the government's idea of privatizing the energy industry backfired big time.) Like any myth, it persists because everyone in the locality believes it without question. I've lived in Korea, and one of the things I heard is that it's a convenient cover story for the family to give when somebody dies in a more dishonorable way, i. e. suicide. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 23.152004 | [
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Are there any credit cards with a statement period longer than 1 month? | Yes, some credit cards have a statement period that is longer than one month. The length of the statement period can vary by issuer and can range from a few weeks to a few months. The statement period is the period of time covered by a billing statement, which is a summary of your credit card activity during that period.For example, some credit cards have a statement period of two months, meaning that the billing statement covers two months of credit card activity. Other credit cards may have a statement period of three months or even longer. The length of the statement period can affect when you receive your billing statement, when you are required to make payments, and the due date for those payments.It's important to understand the terms and conditions of your credit card, including the length of the statement period, so that you can manage your credit card account effectively and avoid any late payment fees or other charges. If you have questions about your credit card's statement period, you should contact the issuer for more information. | hc3-finance | 1 | 5.57561 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Mandats territoriaux'
Mandats territoriaux were paper bank notes issued | Mandats territoriaux were paper bank notes issued in France between 1848 and 1873. The notes were authorized by the French National Assembly and circulated as legal tender.
Mandats territoriaux were banknotes issued in France between 1848 and 1873. The notes were authorized by the French National Assembly and circulated as legal tender. The notes were printed on paper, with denominations in francs, francs-or, and centimes. The front of the note featured a portrait of the French president, while the back depicted a map of France. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.743236 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'DONUT'
DONUT (Direct observation of the nu tau, | DONUT (Direct observation of the nu tau, E872) was an experiment at Fermilab dedicated to the search for tau neutrino interactions. The detector operated during a few months in the summer of 1997, and successfully detected the tau neutrino. It confirmed the existence of the last lepton predicted by the Standard Model. The data from the experiment was also used to put an upper limit on the tau neutrino magnetic moment and measure its interaction cross section. Principle
In DONUT, protons accelerated by the Tevatron were used to produce tau neutrinos via decay of charmed mesons. After eliminating as many unwanted background particles as possible by a system of magnets and bulk matter (mostly iron and concrete), the beam passed through several sheets of nuclear emulsion. In very rare cases one of the neutrinos would interact in the detector, producing electrically charged particles which left visible tracks in the emulsion and could be electronically registered by a system of scintillators and drift chambers. | wiki-intro | 0 | 30.350651 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Badger Vectis'
Badger Vectis was an English bus company | Badger Vectis was an English bus company that operated in London between 1988 and 2001.
Badger Vectis was founded in 1988 as a subsidiary of National Express, with operations starting in London. The company became insolvent in 2001, and was liquidated that year. | wiki-intro | 1 | 12.219059 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Dark Mofo'
Dark Mofo is the winter version of | Dark Mofo is the winter version of the MONA FOMA festival, also held in Tasmania. With many of its events taking place at night, it celebrates the darkness of the southern winter solstice and features many musical acts, large scale light installations and a winter feast. Due to its pagan influence and darker themes, it has been aligned with the Tasmanian Gothic aesthetic in literature and art. The first Dark Mofo festival was held in 2013 and featured Ryoji Ikeda's 15-kilometre-high light installation Spectra, now a permanent fixture at MONA. The first year also introduced the now annual nude solstice swim that sees over one thousand people dunk in the River Derwent at dawn on the shortest day of the year. Initially the nude swim was banned by police, however the support of politicians and the general public ended with it proceeding and Hobart's mayor Damon Thomas taking part. It has been speculated that this was in fact part of a complicated bet by MONA owner David Walsh, who made his fortune gambling. | wiki-intro | 0 | 38.993256 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'My Struggle III'
"My Struggle III" is the first episode | "My Struggle III" is the first episode and season premiere of the eleventh season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files. The episode was written and directed by Chris Carter and it aired on January 3, 2018, on Fox. This episode follows the events of "My Struggle II" and is noted for its major plot twists. "My Struggle III" helps to explore the series' overarching mythology and serves as the first of three mythology episodes of the season. Two taglines are featured in this episode: "I Want to Believe", followed by "I Want to Lie". The show centers on FBI special agents who work on unsolved paranormal cases called X-Files; focusing on the investigations of Fox Mulder (David Duchovny), and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) after their reinstatement in the FBI. In this episode, revolving around the time after the previous episode's conclusion, Scully ends up in the hospital after experiencing a seizure, revealing the events of the previous episode to be a vision of an apocalyptic future. Mulder and Walter Skinner (Mitch Pileggi) find a message from Scully with the words "Find him", which refers to their son William. | wiki-intro | 0 | 13.819344 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on '47th Academy Awards'
The 47th Academy Awards were presented Tuesday, | The 47th Academy Awards were presented Tuesday, March 27, 1977 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles. The host was Bob Hope.
The nominees for the Academy Awards of 1977 were announced on February 7, 1977. The winners were announced on March 27, 1977.
Best Picture: "The Sting"
Best Actor: Paul Newman
Best Actress: Olivia de Havilland
Best Director: Sidney Lumet
Best Screenplay: Tony Bill and Maureen Stapleton
Best Cinematography: Freddie Young
Best Film Editing: Arthur Hiller
Best Sound: Dick Ebersol and Gary Geiger | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.421885 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Davis Divan'
The Davis Divan is a three-wheeled convertible | The Davis Divan is a three-wheeled convertible automobile that was manufactured from 1913 to 1922 and again from 1923 to 1931. It was considered the most luxurious car of its time. The Davis Divan was named for its designer, Walter Davis. | wiki-intro | 1 | 12.937467 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Chedi Kingdom'
Chedi was an ancient Indian mahajanapada, | Chedi was an ancient Indian mahajanapada, one of the sixteen great kingdoms of Magadha. Its territory corresponded roughly to the modern districts of Darbhanga and Palamu in Bihar state, and parts of Jharkhand and Odisha states. The kingdom is noted for its artistic legacy, including Buddhist sculpture, which has been attributed to the artists of the Chedi kingdom.
The origins of the Chedi Kingdom are obscure, but it is known that it was a major power in northern India during the 6th century BCE. The kingdom is mentioned in several ancient texts, including the Mahabharata and the Ramayana. By the 4th century BCE, it had fallen under the control of the Mauryan Empire. The Chedi Kingdom was eventually annexed by the Gupta Empire in the 5th century CE.
The Chedi Kingdom was an important center of Buddhism during its time. The kingdom is credited with producing some of India's earliest Buddhist sculpture, including the Stupa at Sanchi and the Buddha's Tooth at Benares. The kingdom also played a role in developing Indian classical dance. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.976368 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Constitutional patriotism'
Constitutional patriotism is the idea that | Constitutional patriotism is the idea that a patriot should be proud of their country's constitution, as this is the document that sets out the principles and values that the country is based on.
Constitutional patriotism is important because it helps to create a sense of national identity and togetherness. It also helps to keep the country's laws and institutions in check, as people are more likely to be willing to defend them if they believe in them. Finally, constitutional patriotism can help to prevent division and conflict within a society, as people are more likely to support policies that they believe are in line with the country's constitution. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.015048 | [
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How did the first cell form? I have an understanding of how eukaryotes and prokaryotes separated and some idea on the evolution of the cell. But how did the actual first cell form? And what would define it as the first cell? Explain like I' m five. | /r/askscience for the latest theories and not some wild guesses. It's not known. It's something science is currently searching for an answer. Some lipids have a region that doesn't mix well with water, and a region that does. These lipids, when in water, come together to form bilayers, clumping their hydrophobic, or'water hating parts'together to get them away from the water molecules. When many lipid molecules come together in this way, they create a membrane. Just like that, you have a'cell,'a compartment. Now it's just a matter of getting the right things into the membrane, to make for a functioning, living cell. Just how this happened, no one knows! | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 30.423403 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Harrye Forbes'
Harrye Rebecca Piper Forbes (nee Smith; May | Harrye Rebecca Piper Forbes (nee Smith; May 26, 1968 – July 8, 2004) was an American singer-songwriter, musician, and record producer. Forbes was best known as the leader and primary songwriter of the alternative rock band Screaming Trees. He also produced records for other artists, including the bands Radiohead and The Faint.
Forbes was born in San Francisco, California, to a family of artists. After moving to Seattle, Washington in the early 1980s, he became involved in the local music scene and formed Screaming Trees with drummer Barrett Martin and bassist Mark Lanegan. The band released its debut album, Treefinger (1991), to critical acclaim and achieved commercial success with its follow-up album, Unwritten Law (1994). The band's third album, Like a Virgin (1995), was their breakthrough record and produced the singles "Pretty Little Head" and "Only Here for awhile". After three more albums—Live from Austin (1998), Happy Hour (2000), and Absolution (2002)—Screaming Trees disbanded in 2003.
Forbes released his first solo album, Only Memories Remain, in 2006. He followed up with his second solo album in 2009, titled Footprints. His third solo album, which was originally scheduled for release in early 2010 but later postponed indefinitely due to his death, was eventually released in January 2016 under the title Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me.
Forbes also produced records for other artists during his career, including | wiki-intro | 1 | 11.370974 | [
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How does the current self-driving cars know to do the more'complicated'things like starting up at a green light or yielding at a 2 way stop. Perhaps they don't and they can only go on highways now? Explain like I' m five. | Self-driving cars use a combination of sensors and computer algorithms to navigate roads and make driving decisions. These sensors can include things like cameras, radar, and lidar, which allow the car to see and understand its surroundings.
One of the ways self-driving cars know how to do things like start at a green light or yield at a two-way stop is by using machine learning algorithms, which are a type of computer program that can learn and improve over time by analyzing data. These algorithms can be trained on large datasets of real-world driving examples, so that the self-driving car can learn how to recognize and respond to different traffic situations.
Self-driving cars can also be programmed with rules and guidelines for how to behave in different driving situations. For example, at a two-way stop, a self-driving car might be programmed to yield to other vehicles if they arrived at the stop first, or to go first if it has the right of way.
Currently, self-driving cars are still being developed and tested, and they are not yet able to drive in all types of traffic and road conditions. Some self-driving cars are able to drive on highways, while others are limited to certain types of roads or neighborhoods. However, as the technology continues to improve, it is expected that self-driving cars will be able to drive in a wider range of conditions. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 14.200757 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Li Shenglong'
Li Shenglong (Chinese: 李圣龙; born 30 July | Li Shenglong (Chinese: 李圣龙; born 30 July 1992 in Shanghai) is a Chinese football player who currently plays for Chinese Super League side Shanghai SIPG. Club career
Li started his professional football career in 2011 when he was loaned to Shanghai Zobon's squad for the 2011 China League Two campaign. He joined Chinese Super League's newcomer Shanghai Dongya in 2013. He made his Super League debut for Shanghai on 20 September 2013 in a game against Shandong Luneng, coming on as a substitute for Zhu Zhengrong in the 83rd minute. Li was demoted to the reserve squad in the 2016 season. On 8 August 2016, he received a ban of six months by Chinese Football Association for age falsification which he changed his age from 30 July 1992 to 27 January 1993. Li returned to first team in the 2017 season. On 9 July 2017, he scored his first goal for the club in a 4–2 away defeat against Changchun Yatai. | wiki-intro | 0 | 14.568954 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Lynda Baquero'
Lynda Baquero (born January 16, 1967) is | Lynda Baquero (born January 16, 1967) is an American correspondent for WNBC news in New York City. Baquero has filed numerous reports for the station both at home and abroad, including a trip to Puerto Rico where she filed stories on the island’s economy and tourism. She also has provided coverage of the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah and the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. Traveling through the Caribbean to such places as Puerto Rico, Haiti and the Dominican Republic, she has provided coverage of various tropical storms such as Hurricane Georges that have battered the region. Baquero joined the WNBC in 1995 from local cable news network NY1 News where she was a daily news anchor and consumer reporter for three years. At NY1, Baquero was one of two-dozen "video journalists" responsible for researching, writing, shooting and editing her own stories. Prior to NY1, Baquero was at local station WCBS for five years working in almost every aspect of the newsroom ranging from desk assistant, to researcher, to assignment editor, and finally associate producer of the daily consumer action segment, "Troubleshooter". Baquero has also worked as an associate producer of "NELY!" a talk show produced at WCAU in Philadelphia as well as for Telemundo where she wrote and co-produced various Spanish-language network specials. | wiki-intro | 0 | 19.278351 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Iwan Serrurier'
Iwan Serrurier (21 September 1878 in Leiden | Iwan Serrurier (21 September 1878 in Leiden, Netherlands – 26 March 1962 in Amsterdam, Netherlands) was a Dutch painter and printmaker.
Iwan Serrurier was born on 21 September 1878 in Leiden, Netherlands. He studied at the Royal Academy ofArt in The Hague from 1896 to 1903, where he was taught by Adolph Menzel and Willem Maris. Serrurier then traveled to Paris, where he studied with Fernand Cormon at the Académie Julian from 1904 to 1905. He returned to The Hague, where he formed a close friendship with fellow student Johan van Gogh.
In 1906, Serrurier moved to London, where he continued to paint and print. He exhibited at the Royal Academy and the Paris Salon between 1906 and 1911, before returning to The Hague. In 1914, he exhibited two paintings at the Salon des Indépendants in Paris: "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon" and "Les Amants". In 1915, he traveled to Italy and stayed for a year in Rome. During this time, he painted "La Bella Juana".
After World War I ended, Serrurier moved back to The Hague. In 1924, he exhibited "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon" and "Les Amants" at the Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam. In 1927, he moved back to Paris, where he lived until his death on 26 March 1962.
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Digital Photo Professional'
Digital Photo Professional (DPP) is the software | Digital Photo Professional (DPP) is the software that Canon ships with its digital SLR (and some of its compacts, e.g. the Canon PowerShot S90) cameras for editing and asset management of its Canon raw (.CR2) files. It can also work with the older .CRW format of selected models, and also JPEGs and TIFFs from any source. The full version ships on a CD with the camera, and updates can be downloaded from Canon's website. Even though officially DPP only supports Windows and Mac operating systems, it is possible to run DPP on Linux systems by using Wine. Editing tools
Basic editing tools in DPP include brightness, white balance and picture style adjustment and the adjustments for contrast, saturation and sharpness. There is also a noise reduction tool which has separate settings for luminance and chrominance noise. Lens aberration tool can be used for correcting the effects of physical lens imperfections like peripheral illumination, distortion and chromatic aberration. Aberration tool only works with RAW files that were taken with compatible cameras and lenses. | wiki-intro | 0 | 17.844418 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'S.I.N. Theory'
S.I.N. Theory (abbreviation for Social Insurance Number | S.I.N. Theory (abbreviation for Social Insurance Number Theory) is a 2012 Canadian science fiction drama film about a mathematics professor creating an algorithm capable of predicting an individual's future. The film was written and directed by Richie Mitchell, and stars Jeremy Larter and Allison Dawn Doiron. S.I.N. Theory was produced on a shoestring budget and makes notable use of existing mathematical theories to affirm the concept's plausibility. The film has been screened at science fiction film festivals in Canada and the US, whereas it has been picked up for distribution by MCTV with an anticipated release Fall 2013. Plot
Michael, a mathematics professor having dedicated his career to creating the ultimate game theory, is finally let go for being a long time black mark of the faculty. Despite becoming a laughing stock, Michael continues his work from home and is now free from legal parameters the faculty has enforced. Determined to prove all naysayers wrong, and to reclaim if not heighten his name, Michael gives the go-ahead to his anonymous colleague, a hacker, to obtain access to the populous’ full credit and health report information. This illegal database proves to be the last piece of the puzzle, and with it, Michael is able to accurately calculate and therefore predict the outcome to nearly any situation. As it was initially thought to be of use for stock markets and political predicaments, Michael however curiously formulates the life span of his favorite student, a young woman he loves, and finds out she only has days to live. The further he unravels the possibilities and dangers the algorithm beholds, his morality, its proper use, and reporting of it comes into question. Each time he uses the algorithm, he taps into the credit report database and his illegal presence becomes vulnerable, and ultimately discovered by a competing-dirty corporation, hell bent on the same goal for monetary purposes. Michael must choose what to do with this illegal and very powerful equation; either to publish it for his own glorious demise, or save the woman he loves and risk annihilation by the threatening competitor. | wiki-intro | 0 | 56.695095 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Tod Sweeney'
Colonel Henry John Sweeney MC (1 June | Colonel Henry John Sweeney MC (1 June 1919 – 4 June 2001), known as Tod Sweeney, was an officer of the British Army. During the Second World War he was a platoon commander in the coup de main operation, by gliderborne troops of the 2nd Battalion, Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry (the 52nd), on D-Day, 6 June 1944, tasked to seize Horsa Bridge and Pegasus Bridge before the main assault on the Normandy beaches began. The following day he was awarded the Military Cross for rescuing a wounded member of his platoon while under heavy fire near Escoville. Sweeney commanded the 1st Green Jackets (43rd and 52nd) at Penang from April 1962 to January 1964; during the Brunei Revolt and Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation. Early life and the Second World War
Henry John Sweeney was born in Blyth, Northumberland, England, on 1 June 1919, and educated at Douai School, Berkshire. He entered Douai Abbey as a novice monk. At the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939 he enlisted in the British Army's Royal Army Pay Corps, later volunteering to join the infantry. Sweeney was commissioned as a second lieutenant into the Royal Northumberland Fusiliers on 13 September 1941, and shortly afterwards transferred to the Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry (OBLI), joining the 2nd (Airlanding) Battalion (the 52nd) in April 1942. At the time the battalion was assigned to the 1st Airlanding Brigade, part of the 1st Airborne Division, and converted into a glider infantry role. | wiki-intro | 0 | 17.98036 | [
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Is it true that going to the hospital for major problems in the US is expensive as hell? Why? Do people go broke after exiting a surgery? How does the healthcare system works? Does the government help you in any way? Please explain like I' m five. | Health care in the US is a business, and not a basic right, so it tries to make as much money as it can. Our health care system in very difficult to navigate. For those that are too poor to afford basic necessities they get help from the govt but not all places will take those patients. For those that don't qualify for this and don't have insurance they get truly screwed. For those that have shitty insurance through their job they get screwed. Those that have decent insurance through work do okay. And obviously the upper middle class on up get to doctor shop and are usually fine. Obama tried to make everyone have insurance. But said insurance doesn't cover everything. It can actually restrict what places will give you care and how much care they can give. While insurance typically picks up the Lions share of the tab people still have to pay the deductible. Unfortunately for some this is so high they can't afford it. So yes it's possible that you could be broke after major surgery. But more than likely if you can't afford it you simply won't get it. What really kills people is the medication. It's so freaking expensive for medication just because pharmaceutical companies can charge whatever they want. For a lot of people insurance doesn't help much here. So even getting access to doctors and being told what to take to fix ailments doesn't mean you can afford the treatment. This one could get political but: 1) Yes people do go broke. It was and perhaps still is the leading cause of bankruptcy. 2) It works in a manner designed to maximise profit on all levels. 3) Yes. if you meet certain conditions. It gets complicated after that. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 25.845325 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Town of Cambridge'
The Town of Cambridge is a local | The Town of Cambridge is a local government area and county town in the East of England, with a population of around 140,000 inhabitants. The town is located within the county of Cambridgeshire, and is situated approximately 50 miles north-east of London.
The town has been influential in the development of both science and the arts, with several eminent individuals such as Sir Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin and William Wordsworth having lived or worked in the town. Additionally, Cambridge is home to some of the country's top universities, including the University of Cambridge, Emmanuel College and Trinity College. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.694646 | [
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What the heck is that long-ass piece of paper printing out at every airport gate for every flight? And why is it still needed in this "digital age" Please explain like I' m five. | That long piece of paper that is printed out at every airport gate is called a "flight manifest." It is a list of all the passengers and crew members who are on a particular flight.
The flight manifest is used by the airline and airport staff to keep track of who is on the plane and to make sure that everyone who is supposed to be on the flight is actually on the plane before it takes off. It also includes important information about the flight, such as the flight number, the departure and arrival times, and the route the plane will be taking.
In the past, flight manifests were primarily used for safety and security purposes. They allowed airport staff to quickly and easily check who was on the plane in case of an emergency or if there was a problem with the flight.
Even though we now have digital systems and technologies that can keep track of this information, the flight manifest is still used because it is a reliable and easy-to-use backup system. It ensures that there is always a physical record of who is on the flight, even if the digital systems fail or there is an issue with the electronic records. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 8.847109 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Turbat International Airport'
Turbat International Airport (Balochi: بالی پٹ | Turbat International Airport (Balochi: بالی پٹرات انگلیسی تربت آباد) is an international airport serving the city of Turbat in the Balochistan province of Pakistan. It is located about northeast of the city. The airport has one asphalt runway which is in use.
The airport was opened on 5 October 1949 by the then-Princely State of Balochistan. It was previously known as Balochistan Airfield and also as Princely State Airfield. The Civil Aviation Authority of Pakistan (CAA) administers the airport.
In fiscal year 2018, the airport handled a total of 1,198,812 passengers, an increase of 7% from fiscal year 2017.
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Chaokai Railway'
The Chaokai Railway is a | The Chaokai Railway is a freight-only railway line of the China Railway in Jilin Province, connecting Chaoyangchuan on the Changtu Railway with Kaishantun. The line formerly crossed the Tumen River to reach Sambong in modern-day North Korea, but the bridge has since had the tracks removed, and is in use as a road crossing. History
In 1917, the Chosen Government Railway's (Sentetsu) Hamgyeong Line reached Hoeryeong. Soon afterwards the Domun Railway began construction of its mainline from Hoeryeong to Donggwanjin, reaching Sambong (then called Sangsambong) in 1920, Jongseon in 1922 and finally Donggwanjin in 1924. The narrow-gauge Tiantu Railway (, Chinese pinyin: ; Japanese: ), opened in 1923, signed a cross-border operational agreement with the Domun Railway on 26 June 1926, after which a bridge across the Tumen River between Sangsambong and Kaishantun was opened on 30 September 1927. In 1929 the Domun Railway was nationalised and absorbed by Sentetsu, and on 1 August 1933, Sentetsu's new line from the port at Unggi to Hoeryoeng was completed. In the same year, the Manchukuo National Railway ("MNR") completed its Jingtu Line from Xinjing (now Changchun), the capital of Manchukuo, to Tumen. | wiki-intro | 0 | 35.923687 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on '1437'
Year 1437 (MCDXXXVII) was a common year | Year 1437 (MCDXXXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events
January–December
February 20–21 – James I of Scotland is fatally stabbed at Perth in a failed coup by his uncle and former ally, Walter Stewart, Earl of Atholl.
March 11–25 – Nova Scorpii AD 1437 is observed from Seoul, Korea.
March 25 – In a ceremony in Holyrood Abbey, James II of Scotland is crowned at the age of six by Pope Eugene IV. For security of the crown, the capital of Scotland is moved to Edinburgh, from Dunfermline.
April 23 – Malmö in Denmark (now Sweden) receives its current coat of arms.
June – A peasant army gathers at Bobâlna during the Transylvanian peasant revolt. The revolt will be crushed by January of next year.
September 20–October 19 – A Portuguese attempt to conquer Tangier fails, and Prince Ferdinand is taken hostage.
December 9 – Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, dies. | wiki-intro | 0 | 28.559151 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Leslie Groves'
Lieutenant General Leslie Richard Groves Jr. (17 | Lieutenant General Leslie Richard Groves Jr. (17 June 1887 – 10 October 1977) was an American military officer who played a pivotal role in the development of the atomic bomb during World War II. After the war, Groves was appointed deputy director of the Manhattan Project, and oversaw its implementation. He also served as the Director of Central Intelligence from November 1945 to May 1953.
Groves was born in West Virginia on 17 June 1887. He attended the United States Military Academy at West Point, where he played football and graduated in 1912. After serving briefly in the Philippines, Groves served in World War I as an artillery officer on the Western Front.
After the war, Groves returned to West Point as an instructor. In 1927, he became chief of staff of the 1st Armored Division and later served as commander of the 4th Armored Division. In 1930, Groves was promoted to brigadier general and appointed deputy commander of the United States Army Forces in Europe.
In 1932, Groves became head of the army's Training and Doctrine Command and later served as director of the Army Ground Forces. In 1935, he was promoted to major general and appointed assistant chief of staff for plans. In 1938, Groves became chief of staff of the United States Army Air Corps (USAAC), a post he held until 1942.
During World War II, Groves played a pivotal role in developing atomic bombs. He was deputy director of the Manhattan Project under J. Robert Oppenheimer from 1942 to 1945 | wiki-intro | 1 | 4.951663 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Paseo del Jaguar'
Paseo del Jaguar (Spanish: "Path of the | Paseo del Jaguar (Spanish: "Path of the Jaguar") is a proposed interconnected system of refuges and conservation corridors running from the United States through Mexico and Central America into South America. The purpose of the Path, proposed by jaguar expert Alan Rabinowitz, is to allow jaguars to travel and inter-breed throughout their historical areas. The Panthera organization actively develops these corridors through their Jaguar Corridor Initiative. Description
The corridors created by this program allow for the natural roaming behavior of the jaguar and safeguard them from ranchers and farmers by giving jaguars natural cover, letting them avoid human activities as much as possible. These corridors in some cases are as small as a line of trees along a fence; they do not have to be something large, they simply have to be enough to link habitats together in continuous ground cover. A key component of the Path of the Jaguar is the creation of small preserves spaced along the corridor at key points. These preserves are just large enough for a jaguar to stay and hunt in for a day or two, offering an alternative to the risky endeavor of hunting livestock. | wiki-intro | 0 | 31.513456 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Romanov Family Association'
The Romanov Family Association is an | The Romanov Family Association is an international non-profit organization that was founded in 1984. Its purpose is to promote the history, heritage and memory of the last dynasty of Russian tsars, the House of Romanov. The Association also sponsors educational programs and provides support to descendants of members of the Russian Imperial Family. | wiki-intro | 1 | 11.942651 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Rade Uhlik'
Rade Uhlik (February 1, 1899 - June | Rade Uhlik (February 1, 1899 - June 9, 1973) was a Croatian painter, sculptor, and graphic artist.
Rade Uhlik was born in 1899 in Zagreb, Croatia. He attended the Academy of Fine Arts in Zagreb and studied sculpture with Vjekoslav Meštrović and painting with Vladimir Meštrović. In 1931 he moved to Paris, France and continued his artistic education at the École des Beaux-Arts. He returned to Croatia in 1938 and settled in Zagreb where he became a professor at the Academy of Fine Arts in 1945. He died in 1973.
Uhlik's paintings are characterized by their expressive use of light and color. He is best known for his sculptures, which often depict human figures in dramatic poses. His graphic art is also notable for its use of bold typography and abstract art. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.395392 | [
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What are some ways to mitigate the risks of covered calls? | If the position starts losing money as soon as it is put on, then I would close it out, taking a small loss. However, if it starts making money, as in the stock inches higher, then you can use part of the premium collected to buy an out of money put, thereby limiting your downside. It is called a collar. | hc3-finance | 0 | 36.431931 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Kırklareli Province'
Kırklareli Province is a province in | Kırklareli Province is a province in northwestern Turkey on the west coast of the Black Sea. The province neighbours Bulgaria to the north along a long border. It borders the province of Edirne to the west and the province of Tekirdağ to the south and province of Istanbul to the southeast. Kırklareli is the capital city of the province. The province's and its central city's name means "the land of the forties" in Turkish and it may refer either to the forty Ottoman ghazis sent by the sultan Murad I to conquer the city for the Ottoman Empire in the 14th century or to the forty churches reported to be situated in the region before the Ottoman conquest, as attested by the former name of Kırklareli (Kırk Kilise in Turkish; Σαράντα Εκκλησιές). There is a memorial on a hilltop in Kırklareli city, called "Kırklar Anıtı" (the Memorial of the Forties in Turkish) to honor the Ottoman conquerors (For more on the name's origins, see Kırklareli). The province is bisected by the Yıldız (Istranca) mountain range. The north and northeastern parts of the province are among the least populated and under developed parts of Turkey. The districts to the south and west are more populated because the land is better suited for agriculture and industrial development. The north and eastern parts of the province are dominated by forests. Therefore, forestry is an important means of living in these areas. Fishing is done along the Black Sea coast. Kırklareli is the capital of the province, but the Lüleburgaz is the largest city in the province. | wiki-intro | 0 | 17.266205 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Fuel cell vehicle'
A fuel cell vehicle (FCV) or fuel | A fuel cell vehicle (FCV) or fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) is a vehicle that uses a fuel cell to convert the chemical energy of a fuel into electrical energy.
Fuel cells have several advantages over other types of electric vehicles, including:
-No emissions from the vehicle, making them environmentally friendly
-No need to replace the engine or transmission, which saves money and reduces emissions
-Autonomy, as the vehicle can operate without any external power sources for extended periods of time
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Markéta Vondroušová (; born 28 June | Markéta Vondroušová (; born 28 June 1999) is a Czech professional tennis player. She has a career-high ranking of world No. 14 by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). Vondroušová finished runner-up at the 2019 French Open, where she became the first teenage Grand Slam finalist on the tour since Caroline Wozniacki, nearly a decade earlier. She has won one WTA singles title out of four finals and a silver medal at the 2021 Tokyo Olympics. Vondroušová is a former world No. 1 junior, having won two Grand Slam doubles titles. She had a quick breakthrough on the WTA Tour, winning the 2017 Ladies Open Biel Bienne at the age of 17 in just her second career WTA singles event. This title helped her reach the top 100 of the WTA rankings before turning 18 years old. Vondroušová has struggled with injuries early in her career, most notably missing the second half of the 2019 season shorty after her French Open maiden final. | wiki-intro | 0 | 18.860224 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Eurybia spectabilis'
Eurybia spectabilis, commonly known as the eastern | Eurybia spectabilis, commonly known as the eastern showy aster, simply showy aster or purple wood aster, is an herbaceous perennial native to the eastern United States. It is present along the coastal plain of the U.S. where it is most often found growing in dry, sandy soils. Although it is not considered threatened due to its extensive range, it is locally endangered in many states. The flowers appear in the fall and show ray florets that are a violet-purple and yellow disc florets. It is one of the parent species of the hybrid Eurybia × herveyi. Distribution and habitat
Eurybia spectabilis is present along the coastal plain of eastern North America. Its range stretches from Massachusetts and New York in the north, south to South Carolina, Georgia and Alabama. It is found primarily growing sandy soils, though occasionally it is present in dry clay. It can be found at elevations of 0 to 900 metres (0–3000 feet) near granite outcrops, in dry oak-pine woods, pine barrens, and in peat bogs. They are also present along the borders of woods, in clearings and fields as well as along roadsides. | wiki-intro | 0 | 17.060829 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Bermuda Militias 1612–1815'
Bermuda has organised several different forms of | Bermuda has organised several different forms of militia between the 1612 and 1815. The roles of the militias included defence of the colony in complement with the activities of the British Army and Royal Navy. History
Bermuda was settled inadvertently, in 1609, by the Virginia Company. Its first deliberate settlers arrived in 1612, aboard the Plough. The very first concern of the first Governor, Richard Moore, was the Colony's defences against an expected Spanish attack. He oversaw the immediate construction of fortifications around St. George's and Castle Harbour, and raised militias to man the defences. The military defences would remain wholly the responsibility of the Colonial Government until an independent company of army soldiers was garrisoned in Bermuda from 1701. The Colonial Militia included bodies of artillery, infantry, and mounted troops. After American independence, the Royal Navy began building up a base on Bermuda. This resulted in a parallel build-up of the British Army's Bermuda Garrison, intended to protect the naval base. Bermuda's militias had long suffered from the Colony's maritime industry, which ensured that much of its useful manpower was always away, at sea. With the increase in the number of regular soldiers, the Islanders lost what interest they had in maintaining militias. By the time the United States declared war in 1812, the Bermudian militia had become moribund, with the last, 1802, Militia Act having been allowed to lapse. An Act was rushed through, as a war-time expediency, in 1813, but the militia was allowed to lapse again after the War's end in 1815.
The British Government made repeated pleas for Militia to be maintained, but, other than short-lived militias raised by the Governor, or the Royal Navy, without an Act, or the funding, of the Colonial Parliament, no part-time Bermudian units would be raised until the formation of Volunteer Army units in 1895. | wiki-intro | 0 | 25.810658 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Charles Budden'
Charles Budden (18 July 1879 – 26 | Charles Budden (18 July 1879 – 26 March 1957) was an English first-class cricketer who played for Nottinghamshire and England.
Budden was born in Nottingham and made his first-class debut for Nottinghamshire against Warwickshire in 1901. He played for the county until 1905, when he joined George Hirst's England side. He played for England until 1912, including five Test matches. He then returned to Nottinghamshire, where he played until 1920. He continued to play minor counties cricket for several years afterwards. Budden died in 1957 at the age of 76. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.39556 | [
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Epsom Downs is an area of chalk | Epsom Downs is an area of chalk and clay hills near Epsom in Surrey, England. The Downs are a National Hunt racecourse and are the home of the Epsom Derby.
Epsom Downs is a National Hunt racecourse located in Epsom in Surrey, England. The Downs are a Grade 1 racecourse and home to the Epsom Derby, one of the most prestigious horse races in the world. The course opened in 1795 and has been the site of many famous race meetings, including the 1882 Royal Ascot and the 1923 Grand National. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.778516 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Ulla Puolanne'
Ulla Kaija Puolanne (28 June 1931 – | Ulla Kaija Puolanne (28 June 1931 – 28 December 2017) was a Finnish journalist and Columnist for Helsingin Sanomat.
Ulla Puolanne was born in Helsinki, Finland on 28 June 1931. She grew up in Kuopio and studied journalism at the University of Helsinki. After graduation, she started working for the newspaper Helsingin Sanomat, where she became a columnist in 1955. She retired from her position in 1989. Throughout her career, Puolanne has won numerous awards, including the prestigious State Prize in 1981. She died on 28 December 2017 at the age of 88. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.864313 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Iníon Dubh'
Finola MacDonald, styled after her marriage as | Finola MacDonald, styled after her marriage as Iníon Dubh, is a Scottish Gaelic singer, songwriter, and guitarist.
Born in Inverness, Scotland in 1971, MacDonald is the daughter of folk singer Ewan MacColl and balladeer Siobhan MacColl. MacDonald's early musical influences included her parents and traditional singers such as Harry Lauder and Bert Jansch. She began her career as a folk singer in the early 1990s, winning the BBC Radio 2 folk song contest with her debut single "The Foxhunter's Lament".
In 1997, MacDonald released her first album, "The Book of the Dead". The album was a critical and commercial success, selling over 100,000 copies. Her second album, "Under Western Eyes", was released in 2001 and was also successful. MacDonald has since released two further albums, "Finola" (2007) and "Once Upon a Time" (2010).
MacDonald has also released five albums of solo material. Her most recent album, "The Raven That Refused to Sing", was released in 2015.
MacDonald has toured extensively throughout the UK and Europe over the past two decades, appearing at major festivals such as Glastonbury Festival, T in the Park and Oxegen. She has also performed at several high-profile concerts in America, including Bonnaroo Festival and the Newport Folk Festival. In 2018 she embarked on a world tour with Irish band The Corrs.
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Francis X. Mahoney'
Francis X. "F.X." Mahoney (March 21, 1922—February | Francis X. "F.X." Mahoney (March 21, 1922—February 3, 2017) was an American politician who served as a Democratic member of the Illinois House of Representatives and a Judge of the Illinois Circuit Court. Mahoney was born in 1922 in Peabody, Massachusetts. He earned an A.B. degree from Boston College in 1943. During World War II he served in the United States Navy’s amphibious forces. He received his juris doctor from Northwestern University School of Law in 1946. He was a partner in the Law Firm of Nettles and Mahoney, engaged in the general practice of law in Freeport, Illinois. He practiced law in Illinois and Wisconsin. He was an active member of the Democratic Party in Stephenson County, Illinois. He was elected to the Illinois House of Representatives in 1964 as one of 177 members elected statewide. He served a single term during the 74th Illinois General Assembly He served for a time as the member of the Illinois Democratic Central Committee from what was then Illinois's 16th congressional district. In 1978, Mahoney was elected a judge of the 15th Circuit Court, which included Jo Daviess, Carroll, Ogle, Lee, and Stephenson counties, a rare feat for a Democratic candidate. Mahoney served as a circuit judge until his retirement effective August 3, 1991. Eric S. DeMar of Galena, Illinois was appointed to the Mahoney vacancy. Mahoney died February 3, 2017. | wiki-intro | 0 | 13.91112 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Héctor Dante Cincotta'
Héctor Dante Cincotta (born 4 April 1943, | Héctor Dante Cincotta (born 4 April 1943, La Plata) is an Argentine poet, scholar and literary critic, who received the Argentine National Prize for Literature in 1993, as well as other prizes. Among his more than seventy books, his poetry collections include “The Antiquity of the Clouds” (La antigüedad de las nubes, 1972, translated into English as in 1999) and “The Testimony of Days” (El testimonio de los días, 1975). Among his essayistic books are “Time and Nature in the Works of Ricardo E. Molinari” (El tiempo y la naturaleza en la obra de Ricardo E. Molinari, 1992), “Studies in Argentine Poetry” (Estudios de poesía argentina, 1994) and “Argentine Letters” (Letras Argentinas, 2012). His works have been translated into Italian, French, English, German, Chinese, Turkish etc. Often giving lectures abroad, he has traveled extensively throughout Europe, South America and the USA. His poetry is classicist in its subject and its expression and he regards art as a collaborative effort, therefore working with renowned illustrators as: Libero Badii, Carlos Páez Vilaró, Raúl Soldi, Norah Borges, Aída Carballo, Leopoldo Presas, Carlos Alonso, Guillermo Roux and Ricardo Supisiche among others. He defends poetry as a philosophical and emotional expression that rarely reflects daily life in a direct way. When he writes, he speaks with a clear, musical voice close to the one of Ricardo Molinari that does not aim to correct the surrounding social reality. | wiki-intro | 0 | 31.336786 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Millbrae station'
Millbrae station is an intermodal transit station | Millbrae station is an intermodal transit station serving Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) and Caltrain, located in Millbrae, California. The station is the terminal station for BART on the San Francisco Peninsula, served by two lines: The before 9 pm and the evenings. It is served by all Caltrain service. The station is also served by SamTrans bus service, Commute.org and Caltrain shuttle buses, and other shuttles. Rail service to the area began with 17 Mile House station, which opened in 1864 on land deeded by Darius Ogden Mills; it was renamed Millbrae the next year. The station was rebuilt in 1890 and 1907 after twice burning down. The 1907-built station was threatened with demolition in 1976, but was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. A modern intermodal terminal opened in 2002, connecting BART and Caltrain for the first time. The older station building was restored for use as a railway museum, which opened in 2004. | wiki-intro | 0 | 18.627972 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'John C. Schulte'
John Christopher Schulte (born 1959) is an | John Christopher Schulte (born 1959) is an American economist who currently serves as the Robert S. McNamara Professor of Economics at Harvard University. He is known for his work in economic modeling, game theory, and economic history.
Schulte was born on October 4, 1959 in Chicago, Illinois. He received his Ph.D. in economics from the University of Chicago in 1984. After teaching at the University of California, Berkeley and the University of Michigan, he joined the faculty at Harvard in 1998.
Schulte's research focuses on economic modeling, game theory, and economic history. He is known for his work in dynamic stochastic general equilibrium modeling, public economics, and labor economics. His notable publications include "Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Models: An Introduction" (2002), "Economic Theory and Mathematical Economics" (2007), "Prices and Production: A New Perspective" (2010), and "Game Theory: An Introduction" (2013). He is also the co-author of "The Economics of Transition" (2017).
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Edge device'
An edge device is a device that | An edge device is a device that is placed on the edge of a substrate or that is embedded within the substrate. They are used in a variety of applications, such as digital storage and display, telecommunications, and energy harvesting. | wiki-intro | 1 | 10.665787 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Prince's Square'
Prince's Square is a park in Launceston, | Prince's Square is a park in Launceston, Tasmania, Australia. The square is named after Prince Charles of Wales who visited Launceston in 1982.
Prince's Square is located in the city centre of Launceston, between the City Hall and the Anglican Cathedral. The square is bounded by Queens and Albert Streets to the north, Elizabeth Street to the east, and King and Elizabeth Streets to the south. There are several large trees in the square including a gum tree and a weeping willow.
The square was originally used for market gardens and public executions. The first public execution in Tasmania took place in Prince's Square on 15 September 1803 when Nicholas Brady was hanged for murder. In 1825, Governor Lachlan Macquarie granted Prince's Square to Launceston City Council. The square was renamed Prince's Square in honour of Prince Charles of Wales who visited Launceston in 1982. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.534865 | [
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Why did everyone get annoyed about Obamacare? I'm English and I thought Obamacare was the equivalent to the NHS over here, so why did everyone in America hate it? EDIT: Thanks everyone for answering and giving me something to waste time looking at... Explain like I' m five. | Obamacare, also known as the Affordable Care Act, is a law in the United States that was passed in 2010. It was designed to make health insurance more affordable and accessible for Americans. The main goal of Obamacare was to make sure that more people had health insurance, especially people who had previously been unable to afford it or who had been denied coverage because of pre-existing medical conditions.
There are several reasons why some people in the United States did not like Obamacare. One reason is that it required most people to have health insurance, either through their employer or by buying a plan on their own. Some people did not want to be required to have insurance, or they did not like the insurance plans that were available under Obamacare.
Another reason why some people did not like Obamacare is that it included some changes to the way that healthcare is provided and paid for in the United States. For example, it required insurance companies to cover certain types of medical care and it placed limits on how much they could charge for insurance. Some people felt that these changes were too costly or that they interfered with their freedom to choose their own healthcare.
Despite these criticisms, Obamacare has helped millions of Americans get health insurance and access to medical care. It has also helped to reduce the number of uninsured people in the United States, which has had a positive impact on public health. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 17.294945 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Jermyn, Pennsylvania'
Jermyn, known as "The Birthplace of First | Jermyn, known as "The Birthplace of First Aid in America", is a borough in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania, on the Lackawanna River, northeast of Scranton. A productive anthracite coal field was in the region in 1900 when 2,567 people lived here. In 1910, 3,158 residents of Jermyn were tallied. In the early years of the twentieth century, coal mines, cut glass works, silk, powder, grist, planing, and saw mills, bottling works, and fertilizer factories dotted the borough. The population was 2,169 at the 2010 census. Jermyn is the mailing address of the Lakeland School District. East Jermyn, the section of town east of the Lackawanna River and west of the small section of Archbald known as "Nebraska", is commonly referred to as "Calico Lane" or "The Lane". Jermyn was incorporated as a borough in 1870 and celebrated its centennial in 1970 with a week-long celebration. History
The borough originally named Gibsonburg, was named for John Jermyn, a businessperson in the mining industry. | wiki-intro | 0 | 26.074255 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Wuhan railway station'
Wuhan railway station is one of | Wuhan railway station is one of the busiest railway stations in China and is located in the central part of Wuhan, Hubei province. The station was built in 1913 and during the 1930s, it was one of the busiest railway stations in China. In 1988, the station was renovated and expanded. The current building was completed in 2002.
The station is served by the Wuhan–Guangzhou high-speed rail line, Wuhan–Zhuhai intercity rail line, and Wuhan–Chengdu conventional rail line. It is also a major transfer point for freight and passengers between these lines. The station has six platforms and two concourses. The main hall of the station covers an area of 120,000 square meters and has a floor space of 2 million square meters. There are 665 staff working at the station. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.207048 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Wenchang Wang'
Wenchang Wang , also known as Wenchang | Wenchang Wang , also known as Wenchang Dijun , is a Taoist deity in Chinese mythology, known as the God of Culture and Literature. He is also at times referred to simply as Wen Qu, or Wen. The literal translation of his name would be King of Flourishing Culture/Language . Wenchang Wang is physically represented by a constellation of six stars near the Big Dipper. The stars all had names of their own: Shangjiang , Cijiang , Guixiang , Siming , Sizhong , and Silu . Wenchang Wang is often depicted as an elderly scholar accompanied by two attendants, Tianlong ( or Heaven-Deaf) and Diya ( or Earth-Mute). He has historically been called upon by scholars and writers who need inspiration or help right before an exam. Story
There are quite a few accounts of Wenchang Wang; most depict him as a man by the name Zhang Yazi , of a county in Sichuan Province called Zitong. A particular account cites him as a war hero, having died an honorable death in a rebellion against Emperor Fú Jiān in 374. Other accounts of Wenchang Wang appear rather sporadically at different time periods; he has been given seventeen reincarnations over a period of 3,000 years. A notable account of an appearance of Wenchang Wang was as the Spirit of Zitong, during the suppression of a rebellion in Chengdu, Sichuan, in 1000 A.D. A man allegedly climbed a ladder in midst of battle and declared that the Spirit of Zitong told him the "town [of rebels] would fall on the twentieth day of the ninth moon." The town fell on the day indicated, and the general in charge of repressing the rebellion had the temple repaired. | wiki-intro | 0 | 33.628983 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Centrocercus'
Sage-grouse are grouse belonging to the bird | Sage-grouse are grouse belonging to the bird family Certhiidae, which contains more than sixty species of birds. The genus Centrocercus contains four species of grouse, all of which are found in North America. The sage-grouse is the only member of the genus Centrocercus which is found in Eurasia.
The sage-grouse is a large bird, typically weighing between two and three kilograms. It has a long neck, long legs, and a large head. The wings are short and broad, and the male has a black head, neck, and breast. The female is mostly brown with a black head and breast. The male has a silver coat that covers his body except for his wings and tail. The female has a duller coat. The sage-grouse has a long beak and eyes that are green or blue.
The sage-grouse inhabits open country, including prairies, steppes, and mountains. It feeds on grasses, seeds, and insects. It nests in cavities in trees or rocks, and the eggs are laid in late spring or early summer. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.926049 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Thomas Madox'
Thomas Madox (1666 – 13 January 1727) | Thomas Madox (1666 – 13 January 1727) was a legal antiquary and historian, known for his publication and discussion of medieval records and charters; and in particular for his History of the Exchequer, tracing the administration and records of that branch of the state from the Norman Conquest to the time of Edward II. It became a standard work for the study of English medieval history. He held the office of historiographer royal from 1708 until his death. Life
Madox was born in 1666. He applied himself at an early age to the study of the common law, and was admitted to the Middle Temple, though he was never called to the bar. He became a sworn clerk in the Lord Treasurer's remembrance office (i.e. official archives), and afterwards joint clerk in the Augmentation Office, which administered the crown estates; first with Charles Batteley, who died in May 1722, and afterwards with John Batteley. | wiki-intro | 0 | 20.569237 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'A689 road'
The A689 is a road in northern | The A689 is a road in northern England. It runs from the A1 at Middlesbrough to the A696 at Rothbury.
The A689 begins at the A1 in Middlesbrough and heads south-eastwards through Hoyland, then turns eastwards and crosses the River Tees into Rothbury. The road continues eastwards, passing through the villages of Stainforth and Whitby before reaching its eastern terminus at the A696 in Rothbury.
The road is designated as a Primary Route by North Yorkshire County Council and is maintained by North Yorkshire County Council. | wiki-intro | 1 | 11.97276 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Nootrukku Nooru'
Nootrukku Nooru is a 1971 Indian | Nootrukku Nooru is a 1971 Indian Malayalam film, directed by P. Subramanyam and produced by K. S. Gopalakrishnan. The film stars Jagathy Sreekumar, Ambika, Sukumari and T. R. Ramanathan in lead roles. The film has musical score by V. Dakshinamoorthy.
Nootrukku Nooru is the story of a young man who is caught up in the Rebellion of 1857 in Malabar Coast. The young man is Nandikkalathu Pillai (Jagathy Sreekumar). He is a student at St. Thomas College, Trichur and gets involved in the Rebellion as one of its leaders. The movie has been shot in and around Kozhikode, Malappuram and Trichur. | wiki-intro | 1 | 16.722918 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'August Myhrberg'
August Maximilian Myhrberg (24 July 1797 – | August Maximilian Myhrberg (24 July 1797 – 31 March 1867) was a Finnish-Swedish military officer and revolutionary. After abandoning his studies at the Uppsala University, he pursued a military career by supporting the liberals in the Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis revolution, the Greeks in the Greek War of Independence and the Polish rebels in the November Uprising. His adventures were mythologized in his native Sweden and his persona was idealized by late 19th century Finnish nationalists. Early life
August Maximilian Myhrberg was born as Matts August Myhrberg on 24 July 1797 in Raahe, Kingdom of Sweden. His father Anders Gustaf Myhrberg was a Swedish-born merchant and Captain in the Swedish Army who later became a customs official. His mother Christina belonged to a Finnish bourgeois family from Oulu. The family spoke Finnish at home. Following the Russian annexation of Finland in the aftermath of the Finnish War, the Myhrberg family moved to Karlshamn and later to Härnösand. Having completed primary school in Raahe, Myhrberg was sent to Uppsala to continue his studies at a boarding school. In June 1815, he enrolled into the Uppsala University, where he cultivated his interest in history and Greek mythology. In 1818, he became acquainted with visiting associate professor Adolf Ivar Arwidsson, frequenting opposition circles connected to him. In 1820, he abandoned his studies, to complete his military service. An admirer of Napoléon Bonaparte, Myhrberg aspired to participate in the revolutionary wave that swept Europe. | wiki-intro | 0 | 21.639795 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Contrabass oboe'
The contrabass oboe is a double reed | The contrabass oboe is a double reed woodwind instrument in the key of C or F, sounding two octaves or an octave and a fifth (respectively) lower than the standard oboe. Recent research, in particular that by oboe historian Bruce Haynes, suggests that such instruments may have been developed in France as part of an attempt to maintain the complete family of double reed instruments when the oboe was created from the shawm. There was an instrument referred to by H. de Garsault in 1761 as the basse de cromorne or basse de hautbois which was used by Lully, Charpentier, and other French Baroque composers. This apparently was an oboe-type instrument in the bassoon range. It had, nonetheless, a distinct tonal quality of its own. Richard Strauss states, in his edition of Hector Berlioz's Treatise on Instrumentation, that its tone "...had not the slightest similarity with the low tones of the bassoon" . | wiki-intro | 0 | 29.196579 | [
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Why do different European languages have such varying names for Germany? Allemagne, Германия (Germaniya), Saksa, Deutschland, Germany, etc. Please explain like I' m five. | Different European languages have different names for Germany because they developed independently and have different ways of saying the same thing. For example, the French word for Germany is "Allemagne" and the Russian word is "Германия" (Germaniya). The English word "Germany" comes from the Old High German word "Deutschland," which means "land of the people who speak a Germanic language." The word "Saksa" is the Finnish word for Germany and it also comes from "Deutschland." So even though the names are different, they all refer to the same country. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 7.641081 | [
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What causes meningitis in a baby? My brothers girlfriend uses meth-amphetamine. Their baby was just admitted to the hospital for meningitis. We dont know yet if viral or bacterial. I know meningitis is associated with meth use. Could she or one of her "friends" have given the baby meningitis? | Meningitis is an infection of the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. It can be caused by a variety of different viruses and bacteria, and can also be caused by fungal infections in some cases.
It is possible that methamphetamines could be a factor in the development of meningitis in a baby, as substance abuse has been linked to a higher risk of infections in general. However, it is important to note that there are many other potential causes of meningitis in babies, including exposure to certain bacteria or viruses through close contact with others, or through environmental exposure.
It is important to determine the specific cause of the meningitis in order to properly treat it. This will likely involve testing to identify the specific type of bacteria or virus that is causing the infection. It is important to seek medical attention for the baby as soon as possible, as meningitis can be a serious and potentially life-threatening condition. | hc3-medicine | 1 | 4.991785 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Andrey Denisov'
Andrey Ivanovich Denisov (; born October 3, | Andrey Ivanovich Denisov (; born October 3, 1952) is a Russian diplomat, since he is the Russian Ambassador to China. He is fluent in Chinese, as well as English, apart from his native language. Career Timeline
From 1973 to 1981, he was translator, as well as an economic and trade representative of the Soviet Union in China.
From 1981 to 1991, Expert of the International Department of the Central Committee of the CPSU in the People's Republic of China.
From 1992 to 1997, he served as a senior counselor at the Russian Embassy in China.
During the 1997 to 2000 period, he was the Director of the Economic Cooperation Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia.
During that same time, he concurrently served as a member of the administrative board of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia.
From May 2000 to December 2001 he was the Russian Ambassador to Egypt.
From December 2001 to July 2004 he was the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs.
From 2004 to 2006 he was the Permanent Representative of Russia to the United Nations.
From 2006 to 2013 he was the First Deputy Foreign Minister of the Russian Federation. | wiki-intro | 0 | 7.497983 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Vorarephilia'
Vorarephilia (often shortened to vore) is a | Vorarephilia (often shortened to vore) is a paraphilia characterized by the erotic desire to be consumed by, or sometimes to personally consume, another person or creature, or an erotic attraction to the process of eating in general practice. Since vorarephilic fantasies cannot usually be acted out in reality, they are often expressed in stories or drawings shared on the Internet. The word vorarephilia is derived from the Latin vorare (to "swallow" or "devour"), and Ancient Greek φιλία (philía, "love"). The fantasy usually involves the victim being swallowed whole, though occasionally the victims are chewed up, and digestion may or may not be included. Vore fantasies are separated from sexual cannibalism because the living victim is normally swallowed whole. The consumer is sometimes human, but animals, dragons, giant snakes, and other creatures can also appear frequently in these fantasies. After consumption, the enlarged belly of the consumer is often described with great care. | wiki-intro | 0 | 23.043837 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Paulo Costa'
Paulo Henrique Costa (born 21 April 1991) | Paulo Henrique Costa (born 21 April 1991) is a Brazilian professional mixed martial artist. He currently fights as a Middleweight (MMA) for the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). As of February 21, 2022, he is #4 in the UFC middleweight rankings. Background
Costa, the son of odd-jobber Carlos Roberto and Maria Augusta, was born in 1991. He has an older brother, Carlos Costa, who is a former mixed martial artist and one of Paulo's coaches. Paulo grew up in Contagem playing football and eventually picking up Muay Thai at the age of nine in order to learn discipline and avoid street fights he was constantly getting into. As a teenager, Paulo joined a jiu-jitsu gym with his brother only to quit the sport after their father died of throat cancer when Paulo was 17. A couple of years later, Costa returned to jiu-jitsu and started competing under the tutelage of his brother who was already a purple belt at the time. | wiki-intro | 0 | 13.194089 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Frank Mellish'
Frank Whitmore Mellish, MC (26 April 1897 | Frank Whitmore Mellish, MC (26 April 1897 – 26 September 1978) was an English actor. Mellish was born in London, the son of the actor Frank Whitmore Mellish and his wife, the painter Eva Neale. He began his career on stage, appearing in productions at the Old Vic and later at the Royal Court Theatre. In 1934 he made his first appearance in a British film, The Empire Strikes Back (1934), playing the role of an alien. Mellish continued to appear in films throughout the 1940s and 1950s, most notably in roles in The Ladykillers (1955), for which he received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, and The Paradine Case (1957). He also appeared in several television productions during this time. Mellish retired from acting in the early 1960s, but resumed work in later years. He died in 1978 at the age of 80. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.633873 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Lewis of Caerleon'
Lewis of Caerleon (d. post 1495) was | Lewis of Caerleon (d. post 1495) was a Welsh writer and poet.
Lewis of Caerleon was born in Wales, probably in the 14th century. He is best known for his poetry, which is often lyrical and nostalgically romantic. His most famous work is the pastoral poem The Mabinogion, which tells the story of the four magical beasts of Wales. Lewis also wrote a number of religious works, including a hymn to Jesus Christ called The Holy Trinity. He died in post 1495. | wiki-intro | 1 | 16.208078 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Hagit Eldar-Finkelman'
Hagit Eldar-Finkelman is an Israeli scientist | Hagit Eldar-Finkelman is an Israeli scientist and educator who has made significant contributions to the fields of mathematics and computer science. She is currently a professor at Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, where she also leads the university's Center for Advanced Research in Computer Science.
Eldar-Finkelman was born in Haifa, Israel, in 1967. After graduating from high school in 1985, she studied mathematics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, where she earned her bachelor's degree in 1989 and her doctorate degree in 1993. She then worked as a research scientist at the Weizmann Institute of Science before joining the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology as a professor in 2000.
Eldar-Finkelman's research focuses on mathematics and computer science, with a particular interest in combinatorics and graph theory. Her work has led to significant advances in these fields, including the development of new algorithms and theories. She has also published several books on mathematics and computer science, including two monographs on graph theory and one on combinatorics.
Eldar-Finkelman is a member of the Israeli Academy of Sciences and Humanities, the American Mathematical Society, and the European Mathematical Society. In 2012 she was awarded the Israel Prize for her contributions to mathematics and computer science. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.677038 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Tax code (PAYE)'
In the UK, every person paid under | In the UK, every person paid under the PAYE scheme is allocated a tax code by HM Revenue and Customs. This is usually in the form of a number followed by a letter suffix, though other 'non-standard' codes are also used. This code describes to employers how much tax to deduct from an employee. The code is normally based provided to HMRC by the taxpayer or their employer. Tax codes are usually adjusted once a year to take into account any changes made in the National Budget, but can be altered more often to reflect an employee's circumstances. Tax codes can be changed if someone has paid too much or too little tax the previous tax year, if an employee receives state benefits, or has non-PAYE income (for example, self-employed earnings). Changes in a tax code are to ensure the employee has paid the correct amount of tax by the end of each tax year. | wiki-intro | 0 | 16.597483 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Snowgoons'
Snowgoons is a German underground hip hop | Snowgoons is a German underground hip hop group from Cologne. The group was formed in 2003 by rappers Moka (real name: Benedikt Becker) and Pharao (real name: Moritz Meyer), who were both then teenagers. They released their first EP, "Underground Symphony", in 2004.
Snowgoons' debut album, "The Great Northern Conspiracy", was released in 2006. The album was well-received by critics, who praised the group's dark and gritty hip hop style. In 2007, Snowgoons toured Germany with the American hip hop group 50 Cent.
In 2008, Snowgoons released their second album, "The Great Eastern Conspiracy". The album was again well-received by critics, who praised the group's dark and gritty hip hop style. In 2009, Snowgoons toured Germany with the American rapper Method Man.
In 2010, Snowgoons released their third album, "Western Civilization's Last Stand". The album was well-received by critics, who praised the group's dark and gritty hip hop style. In 2011, Snowgoons toured Germany with the American rapper Lloyd Banks.
In 2012, Snowgoons released their fourth album, "The North Korean Threat". The album was well-received by critics, who praised the group's dark and gritty hip hop style. In 2013, Snowgoons toured Germany with the American rapper Meek Mill.
In 2014, Snowgoons released their fifth album, "Terrorist Threat". The | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.800178 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Myoporum sandwicense'
Myoporum sandwicense, commonly known as naio, bastard | Myoporum sandwicense, commonly known as naio, bastard broom, or eastern prickly-ash, is a species of flowering plant in the family Araliaceae. It is endemic to eastern North America, where it is found in the Appalachian Mountains and the Great Lakes region. Naio is a shrub or small tree growing to 8–12 m tall with a trunk up to 2 m diameter. The leaves are alternate, simple, lance-shaped, and 10–15 cm long. The flowers are small, white, and fragrant. The fruit is a brown nutlet.
Naio is threatened by habitat loss and degradation. | wiki-intro | 1 | 10.140032 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Edmund Meisel'
Edmund Meisel (14 August 1894 – 14 | Edmund Meisel (14 August 1894 – 14 October 1978) was an Austrian painter and sculptor. He was born in Vienna to a Jewish family, the son of a tailor. He studied at the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna from 1912 to 1914, before moving to Paris in 1915. There he met fellow Austrian painter Oskar Kokoschka, who would have a profound influence on Meisel's work. In 1919 he returned to Vienna, where he worked as a teacher until 1938. During that time, he participated in the Wiener Werkstätte movement and created works such as the mosaics for the Viennese synagogue in Schönbrunn Palace. In 1938 he emigrated to the United States, where he continued to work until his death. His work is associated with the Dada and Surrealist movements.
Edmund Meisel was born on 14 August 1894 in Vienna, Austria-Hungary (now Austria). He was the son of a tailor, and studied at the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna from 1912 to 1914. After moving to Paris in 1915, he met fellow Austrian painter Oskar Kokoschka and began to be influenced by his work. In 1919 he returned to Vienna, where he taught until 1938. During this time, he also participated in the Wiener Werkstätte movement and created works such as the mosaics for the Viennese synagogue in Schönbrunn Palace. In 1938 he emigrated to the United States, where he continued | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.269328 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Play-in game'
A play-in game is a game at | A play-in game is a game at the start of a tournament in which one or more lower-ranked teams compete against one or more higher-ranked teams to earn a spot in the main tournament. Play-in games are usually less competitive and more about allowing lower-ranked teams to gain experience and exposure. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.174765 | [
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