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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Alard Banastre'
Alard Banastre (fl. 1174), was High Sheriff | Alard Banastre (fl. 1174), was High Sheriff of Oxfordshire under Henry II in 1174 and 1176. In this capacity, Banastre was appointed, in company with the constable of Oxford, to fix the tallages and assizes on the king's demesnes in that county. He seems likewise to have been empowered to settle the pleas of the crown and the common pleas of the same shire. In 1175, though Alard Banastre was still sheriff, he does not appear to have acted in the capacity of justice errant. Possibly the king was again dissatisfied with the conduct of his sheriffs in judging their own counties; for, while in 1174 the number of counties judged by their own sheriffs bears a very considerable proportion to the whole, in 1176 the whole kingdom seems to have been practically placed under the power of six justices acting in couples. It was probably as a result of the great rebellion of 1174 that Henry II inaugurated this change; but in any case the name of Alard Banastre does not, apparently, occur again as one of the king's justices. The sheriff of Oxfordshire for the four years preceding 1174 was one Adam Banastre, who, as Foss suggests, may have been the father of Alard Banastre. | wiki-intro | 0 | 23.894451 | [
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How the British parliamentary system works I understand they have a'coalition government'at the moment. But who are the parties? what do they stand for? and what is a coalition? Explain like I' m five. | As a British citizen, I'll try my best. Parliament is made of roughly 650'seats.'No, there isn't actually actually 650 chairs, it means you have a place there as a Member of Parliament, MP. The country is divided into constituencies (areas). There are about 650 constituencies. Each constituency elects an MP to represent them in parliament. This aims to represent all areas of the UK. You don't have to be a party member to run for MP. Pretty much anybody can. However, the 3 main parties (Labour, Conservatives and Liberal Democrats) I believe have a party member running for MP in all constituencies. Other parties have members running in various constituencies, for example a lot of constituencies have a BNP or Green Party candidate. Some people run independently, without a party. Elections are when every constituency has to elect an MP. Most of the time, a party wins roughly 327 + seats, meaning their party becomes the majority in parliament, and the leader of that party the Prime Minister. When legislation comes to parliament, all MP's vote, and if a majority of parliament vote for it it goes through to the House Of Lords. In 2010 this changed. The Liberal Democrats, who were always last out of the 3 main parties, gained a * * lot * * of support, through campaigns and excellent debate on television. So the votes were spread more evenly between the 3, the main'left wing'party Labour lost support, so nobody won a majority of seats. Conservative had got the most seats out of the 3. Conservative seats + Labour seats would have created a parliamentary majority and Conservative + Liberal Democrat seats would have created a parliamentary majority, but Labour + Lib Dem (the most natural coalition, both being vaguely left wing) wouldn't have. So, the Liberal Democrats entered a coalition with the Conservatives. The Conservative leader is our Prime Minister and the Lib Dem leader our deputy PM. They have to at least somewhat work together, as if not when one suggests legislation the other one could get their party not to vote on it, and no legislation would ever pass as both parties would need to vote in support for the majority of parliament to be able to push the legislation through to the next stage. (While leaders can not force their party members to vote along party lines, they can influence their MP's to with promises of promotion or threats of never getting promoted etc. There are some MP's who only want to be MP's so don't follow this, but a lot would like promotion.) An example of this helping each other out (I think it's also known as horseplay or something) would be how in exchange for the Lib Dems voting for the rise in student fees, they got given the Alternative Vote referendum they wanted. (Look up referendum or AV separately if you're interested). While I like the parliamentary system, I think the voting system needs an overhall. I find STV or AMS more desirable, again look them up if you're interested. I'm probably wrong about bits and bobs of this, but hope it helps! Imagine instead of having a presidential election, we voted for congress then congress got together and voted for a president. Ok, now imagine we had 3 parties instead of 2, each with 1/3 or so of the vote. Well, no one party can elect their own candidate, so 2 of the parties will get together and agree on a compromise candidate, then get their party to vote for him. That's a coalition government. I live here, it DOESN' T work! | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 26.687733 | [
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What low-fee & liquid exchange-traded index funds/ETFs should I consider holding in a retirement portfolio? | If liquidity and cost are your primary objectives, Vanguard is indeed a good bet. They are the walmart of finance and the absolute best at minimizing fees and other expenses. Your main portfolio holding should be VTI, the total stock market fund. Highly liquid and has the lowest fees out there at 0. 05%. You can augment this with a world-minus-US fund if you want. No need to buy sector or specific geography funds when you can get the whole market for less. Add some bond funds and alternative investments (but not too much) if you want to be fully diversified. | hc3-finance | 0 | 31.013926 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Dialectica scalariella'
Dialectica scalariella (echium leaf miner) is a | Dialectica scalariella (echium leaf miner) is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found from Alaska to California, and east to Wyoming.
The wingspan is about 25 mm. The forewings are light brown with a darker median line and a broad, dark terminal band. The hindwings are white with a faint brown terminal band. Adults are on wing from July to September.
The larvae feed on the leaves of "Echium" species. | wiki-intro | 1 | 13.305195 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Changua'
Changua (milk broth with eggs) is a | Changua (milk broth with eggs) is a typical hearty breakfast broth of the central Andes region of Colombia, in particular in the Boyacá and Cundinamarca area, including the capital, Bogotá. It also has a reputation as a hangover cure, being a popular late night meal. The changua comes from the Muiscaword XIE which means water or riverand NYGUA that mens salt. A mixture of equal amounts of water and milk is heated with a dash of salt. Once it comes to a boil, one egg per serving is cracked into the pot without breaking the yolk, and allowed to cook for about a minute while covered. The broth is served in a bowl, garnished with scallions, which may be fried beforehand but usually are not, curly cilantro, and a piece of stale bread called "calado" which softens in the changua. It is sometimes served with pieces of cheese which melt into the broth. | wiki-intro | 0 | 37.344826 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Shanghai–Hangzhou railway'
The Shanghai–Hangzhou railway also known as the | The Shanghai–Hangzhou railway also known as the Jinghu railway or Jinghu Line, is a railway line in eastern China that connects Shanghai with Hangzhou. It operates as a double-track electrified main line through the provinces of Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Anhui. The line has a total length of 469 km and serves as a key link between Shanghai and the rest of China.
Construction on the line began in 1909 and it opened for service in 1927. The line has undergone several expansions and upgrades over the years, including the construction of a new elevated track between Hangzhou and Suzhou in 1998. The Jinghu Line is one of the busiest railways in China with an annual ridership of around 68 million passengers. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.724288 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Battle of Hadhramaut'
The Battle of Hadhramaut took place between | The Battle of Hadhramaut took place between the armies of the Sasanian Empire under the command of Spahbed Vahrez and Aksumite forces under King Masruq ibn Abraha in 570. The Aksumite army was defeated by the Sassanids and Masruq was killed. The Abyssinian occupation of Yemen continued until about 570, when a Yemeni national reaction was provoked against Masruq ibn Abraha. The leader of this patriotic movement was a scion of the Himyarite royal line, Sayf ibn Dhi-Yazan. He first tried vainly to get help from the Byzantines and Lakhmids, but then began direct negotiations with the Sassanid king Khosrau I. The king was reluctant to intervene in a region so distant from Persia, but in the end agreed to send a force of eight hundred cavalrymen of Dailamite origin, in one version men of good birth who had been consigned to prison but were now given a chance to redeem themselves by achieving victory. The force sailed around the coasts of the Arabian peninsula; and, although two of the eight ships were wrecked, the rest landed in Hadramaut. Under their leader Vahrez, they defeated and killed Masruq and marched into the Yemeni capital of Sanaa. | wiki-intro | 0 | 19.799501 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Zac Goldsmith'
Frank Zacharias Robin Goldsmith, Baron Goldsmith of | Frank Zacharias Robin Goldsmith, Baron Goldsmith of Richmond Park, (born 20 January 1975), is a British politician, life peer and journalist serving as Minister of State for the Pacific and the International Environment. A member of the Conservative Party, he was its candidate at the 2016 London mayoral election and was Member of Parliament (MP) for Richmond Park from 2010 to 2016 and 2017 to 2019. Ideologically characterised as having liberal and libertarian views, he is known for his support for environmentalism and localism. Born in London as a member of the Goldschmidt family, the son of billionaire businessman and financier James Goldsmith, he was educated at Eton College and the Cambridge Centre for Sixth-form Studies. In 1998, his uncle Edward Goldsmith made him editor of The Ecologist, a position he retained until 2007. Goldsmith was appointed Deputy Chairman of the Conservative Quality of Life Policy Group in 2005, co-authoring its report published in 2007. Goldsmith was placed on the Conservative "A-List" of potential candidates in 2006 and, in March 2007, was selected through an open primary to contest the constituency of Richmond Park against incumbent Liberal Democrat MP Susan Kramer. At the 2010 general election, he was elected to Parliament winning the seat with a majority of 4,091 votes. | wiki-intro | 0 | 12.782312 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Kirkintilloch Castle'
Kirkintilloch Castle was located in Kirkintilloch, East | Kirkintilloch Castle was located in Kirkintilloch, East Dunbartonshire, Scotland. A castle was built in the 12th century, by the Comyn family. Kirkintilloch was granted burgh status in 1211. During the Scottish wars of independence an English garrison was stationed there, commanded by Sir Philip de Moubray. The garrison was dispatched to arrest William Wallace at Robroyston in 1305 and escorted him to Dumbarton Castle. Also in 1305, the garrison is recorded as having sent a petition to King Edward I of England complaining of non-payment of wages. Bishop Robert Wishart laid siege to the castle in 1306, but the siege was not successful. During 1307, King Robert the Bruce granted Kirkintilloch to Malcolm Fleming, but the castle appears to have been destroyed and abandoned. The Flemings chose not to rebuild the castle, instead basing themselves at Cumbernauld Castle. It is recorded that stone ramparts survived into the 18th century, before the stone was quarried for reuse. | wiki-intro | 0 | 18.384714 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Schools Not Prisons'
The #SchoolsNotPrisons Tour is a free music | The #SchoolsNotPrisons Tour is a free music and art tour that is partnering with California communities that have been impacted by the overuse of punishment and incarceration.
'#SchoolsNotPrisons Tour' promotes non-violence and activism by young people, it also encourages voting as a key way for communities committed to safety, justice, and peace to join in solidarity to make change. #SchoolsNotPrisons Tour focuses on the mass incarceration problem that is occurring in California, the state has been overspending on prisons under the mistaken idea that punishing and incarcerating people is what keeps communities safe which It doesn’t, it has only broken families and communities apart – especially communities of color, and it is taking opportunity away from our young people. Since 1980, California has built 22 prisons but just one UC campus, and in 2014, youth arrests outnumbered youth votes.
Tour partners and artists are standing up for a new vision of school and community safety centered on health, education, and investing in youth. The 2016 #SchoolsNotPrisons Tour was produced by Revolve Impact, and supported by The California Endowment and The California Wellness Foundation. | wiki-intro | 0 | 29.708033 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Street children'
Street children are poor or homeless children | Street children are poor or homeless children who live on the streets of a city, town, or village. Homeless youth are often called street kids or street child; the definition of street children is contested, but many practitioners and policymakers use UNICEF's concept of boys and girls, aged under 18 years, for whom "the street" (including unoccupied dwellings and wasteland) has become home and/or their source of livelihood, and who are inadequately protected or supervised. Street girls are sometimes called gamines, a term that is also used for Colombian street children of either sex. Some street children, notably in more developed nations, are part of a subcategory called thrown-away children, consisting of children who have been forced to leave home. Thrown-away children are more likely to come from single-parent homes. Street children are often subject to abuse, neglect, exploitation, or, in extreme cases, murder by "clean-up squads" that have been hired by local businesses or police. | wiki-intro | 0 | 17.974012 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Sistema Peralta'
Sistema Peralta (Peralta system) is a baseball | Sistema Peralta (Peralta system) is a baseball system developed by Cuban coach Alejandro "Peralta" Hernandez. The system revolves around using a short hitting first baseman who fields balls hit to the gap in front of him and then throws to a second baseman who positions himself at first base so that the throw goes to him, allowing the first baseman to stay in the infield.
The system was popularized by Cuban players such as Omar Linares, Yulieski Gourriel, Victor Mesa, and Adrián Sánchez. It has been successful in Cuba, where it has been used by many of the country's best pitchers, including Linares, Gourriel, Mesa, and Sánchez. | wiki-intro | 1 | 10.012726 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Cindy Jaynes'
Cindy Louise Jaynes (born 1959) is an | Cindy Louise Jaynes (born 1959) is an American artist, who is known for her large-scale, brightly coloured abstract paintings.
Cindy Jaynes was born in 1959 in Detroit, Michigan. She studied art at the University of Michigan, where she graduated with a BFA in 1982. After graduating, she moved to New York City, where she worked as a painter and billboard designer. In the 1990s, Jaynes began to focus on her own paintings, which are often brightly coloured abstract works. She has exhibited her work in galleries and museums around the world, including the Museum of Modern Art in New York City and the Tate Liverpool. Jaynes is also a recipient of several awards, including a MacArthur Fellowship in 2008. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.146305 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Tony Hale'
Anthony Russell Hale (born September 30, 1970) | Anthony Russell Hale (born September 30, 1970) is an American actor, comedian, and writer. He is known for his roles as Gary in the HBO series Veep and Tim Whatley on the Fox series The Office.
Hale was born in Bloomington, Illinois, the son of Diane (née Russell), a nurse, and Russell Hale, a truck driver. He is of Irish and English descent. After graduating from high school, he attended Illinois State University but did not graduate. He then studied at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York City.
Hale began his career in 1990 as a cast member of the improvisational comedy troupe The Groundlings. In 1993, he made his first television appearance on Late Night with Conan O'Brien. The following year, he was cast as Gary on the HBO series Veep. He played the role until the show's end in 2013. In 2003, he starred in and wrote the screenplay for the film comedy-drama Little America. Hale also appeared in several episodes of the sitcom Arrested Development and voiced Tony the Tiger in the animated series The Simpsons for eight seasons (2002–11).
Since leaving Veep, Hale has appeared mainly in supporting roles in films such as The Descendants (2011), Oldboy (2013), Don't Breathe (2016), and War for the Planet of the Apes (2017). In 2018, he starred in Barry Levinson's film Dumbo alongside Danny DeVito and Michael Keaton. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.064429 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Johnny Dodds'
Johnny Dodds (; April 12, 1892 – | Johnny Dodds (; April 12, 1892 – January 25, 1970) was an American jazz guitarist and singer.
Born in Birmingham, Dodds began playing the guitar at an early age, and moved to New York City in 1913. He played with many leading jazz orchestras of the day, including those of Joe Venuti, Freddie Green, Eddie Lang, and Benny Goodman. He recorded extensively for various record labels during the 1930s and 1940s, including RCA Victor, Decca Records, and Columbia Records. He is best known for his collaborations with trombonist J. J. Johnson and saxophonist Coleman Hawkins.
Dodds retired from performing in the late 1950s, but continued to record sporadically until his death in 1970. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.653221 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'USS Retaliation (1798)'
USS Retaliation was the French privateer Croyable, | USS Retaliation was the French privateer Croyable, captured on 7 October 1798 by the United States Navy frigate USS Retaliation. The vessel was brought into service as USS Retaliation.
The Retaliation was commissioned in November 1798 under the command of Captain James Barron. The frigate cruised in the Caribbean, intercepting Spanish vessels and raiding the coast of South America until February 1799, when she was detached from Commodore David Porter's squadron and ordered to proceed to Europe.
On 21 June 1800, Retaliation captured the French privateer brig Léopard off Brest. She brought the vessel into American service as USS Retaliation. After a voyage to North Africa and back, Retaliation arrived at New York City on 16 December 1800.
Retaliation served in the Mediterranean Squadron until 1802, when she was detached and ordered to cruise off the coast of West Africa. On 14 July 1803, Retaliation captured the French schooner Phoebe. She brought Phoebe into American service as USS Retaliation.
In 1805, Retaliation sailed to Europe with a convoy of merchant ships carrying military supplies for General Andrew Jackson's army during the War of 1812. She returned to American waters in 1806 and resumed her previous duties in the Mediterranean Squadron.
In 1809, Retaliation was transferred to the Home Squadron and stationed at New Orleans. In 1810 she took part in a punitive expedition against British-occupied New Orleans.
Retaliation returned to | wiki-intro | 1 | 13.467051 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Northern Moor'
Northern Moor is an area of Manchester, | Northern Moor is an area of Manchester, England, located north of the city centre.
Northern Moor is a largely residential area, made up of terraced houses, apartments and semi-detached homes. It is bounded to the south by the M60 motorway, to the west by Rusholme and to the north by the Manchester Ship Canal. The area is served by several primary and secondary schools, as well as a number of pubs and restaurants.
The name Northern Moor derives from the fact that it is situated north of the city centre. The area was developed in the early nineteenth century as a result of industrial growth in Manchester. At its peak, Northern Moor had a population of over 10,000 people. However, since the 1980s the population has declined due to rising unemployment and migration to more suburban areas of Manchester. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.532477 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Arkesilas Cup'
The Arkesilas Cup is a kylix by | The Arkesilas Cup is a kylix by the Laconian vase painter known as the Arkesilas Painter, whose name vase it is. It depicts, and is thus named after, Arkesilaos II, king of Kyrene (d. 550 BC) and is dated to about 565–560 BC. The cup was found at Vulci and is now on display in the Cabinet des médailles of the Bibliothèque nationale de France in Paris (inv. 189). It depicts Arkesilaos seated under a tent-like sheet and wearing an African hat. Because of this dress style and another vase depicting the nymph Kyrene wrestling a lion, the Arkesilas Painter was initially assumed to have been active in North Africa. Later finds indicate that he was Laconian. The king is watching seven men who are packing, weighing and stacking trade goods. Added inscriptions specify their activities and the king's name. It is not clear what products or products they are loading. Some scholars suggest it is silphion, a rare plant for which Arkesilaos had a trade monopoly. His watchful stance mays support this. Several African animals underline the African location of the image. | wiki-intro | 0 | 47.948002 | [
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The Solemn Engagement (A Solemne Engagement of | The Solemn Engagement (A Solemne Engagement of Marriage) is a legal document in the state of New York that is signed by both the bride and groom to indicate that they have agreed to marry.
The Solemn Engagement is a legal document in the state of New York that is signed by both the bride and groom to indicate that they have agreed to marry. The Solemn Engagement may be either written or verbal, but it must be signed by both parties to be legally binding. The Solemn Engagement may be used in place of a traditional marriage license, and is typically used when one party is not able to travel or for religious reasons cannot get married in a traditional way. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.881203 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Atypeek Music'
Atypeek Music is an international digital label, | Atypeek Music is an international digital label, founded in 2006 by Japanese electronic music producer Yoshihide Suga. The label specializes in releasing electronic music from Japan and the Asia-Pacific region.
Atypeek Music has released music from producers including Yasutaka Nakata, Toshimaru Nakamura, Taku Inoue, and Ryuichi Sakamoto. The label's current focus is on contemporary electronic music, with a particular emphasis on producing and promoting new talent. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.642121 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Vahid Asghari'
Vahid Asghari , is an Iranian political | Vahid Asghari , is an Iranian political prisoner, advocate for freedom of expression and a women’s rights activist.
He was detained by a group of Islamic Republic Guards Corps (IRGC) commandos on May 8, 2008 on his way to the Imam Khomeini International Airport, because of his human rights activities and held in solitary confinement for two years without trial.
He was sentenced to death twice by the chairman of the 15th Chamber of the Islamic Revolutionary Court, Judge Abolqassem Salavati, in 2011 and 2012, without participating in the court proceedings and without the freedom to choose his own lawyer. International human rights organizations are following Asghari’s case as he remains in custody. Early life
Both verdicts were cancelled by the Supreme Court of Iran in December 2014 on the basis that the death penalty verdict was invalid and libel accusation false. The chairman of 28th Chamber of the Islamic Revolutionary Court, Mohammad Mogheyseh, sentenced him to 18 years of imprisonment on December 7, 2014. He received a final verdict, after being held in temporary detention for several years. He was released in April 2016. | wiki-intro | 0 | 21.999949 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Motya Charioteer'
The Motya (or Mozia) Charioteer is a | The Motya (or Mozia) Charioteer is a species of bird in the family Icteridae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and heavily degraded former forest.
The Motya Charioteer was first described by the French ornithologist Georges Cuvier in 1829 and given its current binomial name of Motya chalcothorax. The Motya is found in the tropical Andes of South America where it ranges from eastern Ecuador to western Venezuela. The Motya is a small bird with a long slender bill and long legs. It is green above with a pale yellowish breast and a black head. The Motya feeds on insects and seeds. | wiki-intro | 1 | 11.34202 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Saradananda'
Saradananda (23 December 1865 – 19 August | Saradananda (23 December 1865 – 19 August 1926) was an Indian yogi, mystic, and philosopher. He is considered one of the most important and influential figures of Hinduism in the 20th century.
Saradananda was born in a poor family in the village of Narayanpur in the present-day Uttar Pradesh state of India. He was orphaned at a young age and began his spiritual journey at the age of 12. He became a renunciate monk at the age of 24 and spent the next 15 years wandering throughout India and teaching yoga and meditation. In 1911, he traveled to Europe to spread his message and taught meditation and yoga there for several years. In 1914, he settled in Rishikesh, India, where he continued to teach until his death in 1926.
Saradananda is best known for his book, The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali (1914), which is regarded as one of the most influential texts on yoga ever written. He also wrote several books on meditation and spirituality, including The Path of Self-Realization (1905), The Way to God (1911), and The Jewel in the Lotus (1920). Saradananda was a prolific writer, with more than 60 books and 500 articles published during his lifetime.
Saradananda is also credited with introducing yoga to westerners and helping to make it popular around the world. He is often referred to as "the father of modern yoga." | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.669974 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Hovea trisperma'
Hovea trisperma, commonly known as common hovea, | Hovea trisperma, commonly known as common hovea, is a shrub or small tree in the family Fabaceae. It is endemic to Australia, where it is found in a wide range of habitats, from dry sclerophyll forests to rainforest.
Hovea trisperma is a medium-sized tree or shrub reaching up to 4 metres in height. The bark is rough and scaly, the leaves are alternately arranged, long and narrow, and covered in soft downy hairs. The flowers are white or pale pink, and occur in clusters of up to 10 flowers. The fruit is a pod containing three seeds which are reddish brown when mature.
Common hovea is widespread across much of eastern Australia, where it can be found in a wide range of habitats, from dry sclerophyll forests to rainforest. It is particularly common on the coastal plain and around the lakes of New South Wales and Victoria. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.006878 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Hermosillo'
Hermosillo , formerly called Pitic (as in | Hermosillo , formerly called Pitic (as in Santísima Trinidad del Pitic and Presidio del Pitic), is a city located in the center of the northwestern Mexican state of Sonora. It is the municipal seat of the Hermosillo municipality, the state's capital and largest city, as well as the primary economic center for the state and the region. As of 2020, the city has a population of 936,263, making it the 18th largest city in Mexico. The recent increase in the city's population is due to expanded industrialization, especially within the automotive industry. Hermosillo was ranked as one of the five best cities to live in, in Mexico, as published in the study "The Most Livable Cities of Mexico 2013" by the Strategic Communications Cabinet of the Mexican Federal Government. Hermosillo was also ranked in 2016 as the seventh most competitive city in the country according to the Mexican Institute for Competitiveness (IMCO), based on factors such as its economic diversification, geographical location, access to education, government, innovation and international relations. The major manufacturing sector has been the production of automobiles since the 1980s. | wiki-intro | 0 | 13.653804 | [
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Shirelijan Muxtar is a Chinese basketball player | Shirelijan Muxtar is a Chinese basketball player of Uyghur origin, who plays in the shooting guard position for China and currently plays for Chinese club Nanjing Monkey Kings. He is an elite three point shooter and perimeter defender, currently the 10th all-time CBA three point leader. Shirelijan played with the Xinjiang Flying Tigers for 11 years and was an important part of their three consecutive Grand Finals from 2009 to 2011 and their first championship in the 2016–17 season. He is widely regarded as the most iconic player of the Xinjiang Flying Tigers and a popular contender for the all-time greatest Flying Tiger. Career
Shirelijan Muxtar was promoted to the first team of Xinjiang Flying Tigers and debuted in Chinese Basketball Association in the 2008–09 season. He was an important part of the team's three consecutive trips to the Grand Finals in the 2008-09, 2009–10, and 2010–11 seasons, serving as an elite perimeter defender for the team. Through the seasons, he also became an elite three point shooter, and is currently the 10th all-time CBA three-point leader. | wiki-intro | 0 | 17.620842 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Pristimantis simoteriscus'
Pristimantis simoteriscus is a species of frogs | Pristimantis simoteriscus is a species of frogs in the family Craugastoridae. It is endemic to Colombia and occurs in the Cordillera Central in the Tolima, Quindío, and Caldas Departments. There is also an unconfirmed record from the Valle del Cauca Department. The specific name simoteriscus is diminutive of simoterus, chosen because adult P. simoteriscus resemble juvenile individuals of Pristimantis simoterus. Description
Adult males measure and adult females in snout–vent length. The snout is short and subacuminate in dorsal view, rounded in lateral profile. The tympanum is prominent. Skin of the dorsum has large flattened warts; the venter is coarsely areolate. The fingers and toes bear slightly expanded discs (those of outer fingers are the largest). The toes have lateral fringes but no webbing. The dorsum is pale yellowish-green to reddish brown and may have black dorso-lateral spots. The throat and venter are greenish yellow and have cream or pale brown spots. The iris is bronze with brown flecks and lines. | wiki-intro | 0 | 28.497166 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Haim Wasserzug'
Haim Wasserzug (; 1822 – 24 August | Haim Wasserzug (; 1822 – 24 August 1892) was a German engineer and inventor who is best known for his development of the first locomotive water pump.
Haim Wasserzug was born on 1822 in Breslau, Prussia, then part of the Kingdom of Prussia. He studied engineering at the Royal Technical University of Berlin and later worked for the engineering company Krupp. He developed the first locomotive water pump in 1858. The pump allowed locomotives to operate without stopping to refill their water tanks, enabling more efficient use of resources and greater speeds. Wasserzug died on 24 August 1892 in Berlin. | wiki-intro | 1 | 12.213447 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Second responder'
A second responder is a worker who | A second responder is a worker who supports "first responders" such as police, fire, and emergency medical personnel. They are involved in preparing, managing, returning services, and cleaning up sites during and after an event requiring first responders. These sites may include crime scenes and areas damaged by fire, storm, wind, floods, earthquakes, or other natural disasters. These types of services may include utility services (shutdown or reinstatement of electrical, gas, sewage, and/or water services), wireless (3G/4G/WiFi) or wireline communication services, specialty construction (i.e. shelter construction), hazardous waste cleanup, road clearing, crowd control, emergency services (i.e. Red Cross), first aid, food services, security services, social services (i.e., trauma counselors), and sanitation. The overriding objective of these designated professionals is to quickly enable people to get back to work and ensure the viability, continuity and recovery of economic life for public and private-sector organizations. It is believed that in a major event there might be as many as 3 to 10 second responders for every first responder. Coordinating the activities of all second responders is a communications intensive activity usually the responsibility of the on-site Incident Commander. The guidelines and responsibilities of the Incident Commander are described in the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency National Incident Management System (NIMS) training program. | wiki-intro | 0 | 17.549768 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Duisburg–Dortmund railway'
The Duisburg-Dortmund Railway is an important and | The Duisburg-Dortmund Railway is an important and heavily used railway in the Ruhr area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is a double track line with a main line of 18.5 kilometres and a branch line of 9.1 kilometres.
The Duisburg-Dortmund Railway was opened on 1 May 1872 by the Rhenish Midland Railway Company (RMV). The railway was built to connect the coal and steel industries of the Ruhr area with the railway network of the Rhine Empire. The line was extended to Dortmund on 1 October 1905 and to Essen on 14 January 1909. The Duisburg-Dortmund Railway was nationalized on 1 July 1940 and became part of the Deutsche Bundesbahn.
Today, the Duisburg-Dortmund Railway is an important transport link between the Ruhr area and central Germany. It is used for passenger and freight traffic. The line is also used for freight transport between Dortmund and Essen. The Duisburg-Dortmund Railway is part of the Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn network. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.978611 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Founders Online'
Founders Online is a research website providing | Founders Online is a research website providing free access to a digitized collection of 185,000 documents representing the papers of six of the most influential figures in the founding of the United States. Among the documents available through the website's searchable database are the papers of John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and George Washington. The database also includes correspondence between these Founders and hundreds of other figures. The website is a cooperative venture between the National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC), the grant-making arm of the National Archives, and The University of Virginia Press. Collected papers of Founding Fathers
The Founders Online website, launched on June 13, 2013, enables students, researchers, scholars, and the general public to read what the Founders wrote and debated in the years leading up to and following the nation's formation. The subjects they discussed between themselves and others ranged from public policies and democratic principles to slavery and the Constitution. The works available also provide insight into the Founders' friendships and personal lives. | wiki-intro | 0 | 13.652293 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Nursery Crimes (band)'
Nursery Crimes were a hardcore band from | Nursery Crimes were a hardcore band from Melbourne. They formed in early 1989 by Phil Rose on lead vocals. They played both locally and around Australia before disbanding in 1994. They released two full length albums, some singles and extended plays. Their debut releases were "All Torn up Inside" (1989 single), No Time for That Crime (1990 extended play, on pink bubblegum vinyl) and Fun Hurts! (May 1992, studio album). They were early pioneers and supporters of "all-ages", no-alcohol gigs, to allow a wider and younger audience to experience live music. Nursery Crimes were a support act on Australian tours by L7, Henry Rollins, Faith No More, Fugazi and All. Australian musicologist, Ian McFarlane, described how Nursery Crimes' "sound was built around melodic yet crunching guitar riffs, frenetic arrangements, rapid fire lead vocals and sweet harmonies". The group reunited for a series of gigs in 2006. History
Nursery Crimes formed in Melbourne in early 1989 by Paddy Chong on bass guitar; Dave Dixon on guitar and backing vocals; Caine Knight on lead guitar; Russell Hopkinson on drums (ex-Vicious Circle, Bamboos, Kryptonics, Cremator); and Phil Rose (aka Richard Andrew Rose) on lead vocals (ex-Slush Puppies). Australian musicologist, Ian McFarlane, described how their "sound was built around melodic yet crunching guitar riffs, frenetic arrangements, rapid fire lead vocals and sweet harmonies". | wiki-intro | 0 | 49.041847 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Rick Upchurch'
Richard Upchurch (born May 20, 1952) is | Richard Upchurch (born May 20, 1952) is an American evangelical pastor and author. He is the senior pastor of The Summit Church in Oak Brook, Illinois, and the author of over fifteen books, including The Purpose Driven Life, which has sold over 25 million copies.
Born in 1952 in Wheaton, Illinois, Richard Upchurch is the eldest son of Rev. Earl Upchurch and his wife Dorothea. He graduated from Wheaton College in 1974 and later earned a Master of Divinity from Fuller Theological Seminary. After years of pastoring churches in Illinois and California, he founded The Summit Church in Oak Brook, Illinois, in 1996.
The Purpose Driven Life has sold over 25 million copies and has been translated into more than twenty languages. His other popular books include Courageous Faith (2000), What Good Is God Anyway? (2002), If You Are Not Yet Married, Why Not? (2004), and The Call (2009). Upchurch also hosts a weekly television show called "The Purpose Driven Life with Rick Warren" on the Fox network. He is a member of the National Association of Evangelicals and the Southern Baptist Convention. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.264975 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Viola (footballer)'
Paulo Sérgio Rosa, usually known as Viola | Paulo Sérgio Rosa, usually known as Viola, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays for Spanish club Valencia CF as a central midfielder.
Viola began his career with Atlético Mineiro, before moving to Spain in 2006 to join Valencia CF. He spent two seasons with the club, making 56 appearances and scoring five goals. He made a return to Atlético Mineiro in 2009, before joining São Paulo FC in 2011.
Viola has represented Brazil at international level, making 33 appearances and scoring six goals. He was part of the team that won the Copa América in 2007. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.160519 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'ArcheAge'
ArcheAge is an MMORPG developed by Korean | ArcheAge is an MMORPG developed by Korean developer Jake Song (former developer of Lineage) and his development company, XL Games. The game was released in Korea on January 15, 2013, Europe and North America on September 16, 2014. ArcheAge is described as a "sandpark" MMORPG, which the developers say is a hybrid of the open content style of a "sandbox" game and the more structured play experience of a "themepark" game. Development
Initial development of ArcheAge began in 2006, and closed testing of the game took place over two years. Before finally being released in Korea on January 15, 2013, the game went through five closed beta tests and one open beta test. In 2012, an XL Games studio representative said he expected ArcheAge to be released in North America towards the end of 2013, or the beginning of 2014. In 2014 a newly hired CM stated the game will be transitioning into beta phase and will release for North America and the EU in 2014. Announcements made in July, indicate the launch of the beta phase for July 17, 2014. On April 24, 2014, Trion began to offer founder packs, for early alpha and beta access. | wiki-intro | 0 | 20.350853 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Arakaza MacArthur'
Arakaza MacArthur (born 29 July 1995) is | Arakaza MacArthur (born 29 July 1995) is a professional rugby union player who most recently played for the Bristol Bears in the RFU Championship.
MacArthur was born in South Africa and moved to England at a young age. He attended Bristol Grammar School where he played rugby union. He then went to study law at the University of Bristol, but he left after two years to pursue a career in rugby.
MacArthur made his debut for Bristol Bears in the 2016-17 season. He has since also played for Northampton Saints and Saracens.
MacArthur has represented England at under-18, under-19, and under-20 level. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.467699 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Gyeonggang Line'
The Gyeonggang Line (경강선) is a rail | The Gyeonggang Line (경강선) is a rail line in South Korea operated by Korail. The line runs from Daegu in the south to Busan in the north, passing through Daegu, Pohang, Gyeongju, and Ulsan.
The Gyeonggang Line was first proposed in 1931, but construction did not start until 1949. The line opened on October 1, 1957. At the time of opening, it was the world's longest single track electrified rail line. The Gyeonggang Line was also the first rail line to use diesel locomotives.
The Gyeonggang Line has since been extended multiple times. The current extension from Busan to Seoul opened on December 20, 2004. The extension from Seoul to Daejeon opened on December 17, 2013. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.043227 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Mersea Fort'
Mersea Fort, also known as Cudmore Grove | Mersea Fort, also known as Cudmore Grove Blockhouse, was an artillery fort established by Henry VIII on the East Mersea coast in 1543. It formed part of the King's Device programme to protect against invasion from France and the Holy Roman Empire, and defended the River Colne that led to the town of Colchester. It was triangular in shape, with earthwork walls and three bastions to hold artillery. It was demobilised in 1552, but was brought back into use several times over the next century and saw service during the Second English Civil War of 1648. The fort hosted an admiralty court to oversea the local oyster trade, until the dilapidation of the site forced the court to move to the Moot Hall in Colchester in the middle of the 18th century. A new gun battery was built at the fort during the Napoleonic Wars, but the fortification then fell into decline and was extensively damaged by the construction of a sea wall along the coast. The remains of the earthworks were excavated by archaeologists between 2002 and 2003. History | wiki-intro | 0 | 20.280344 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Inverness Cathedral'
Inverness Cathedral (Scottish Gaelic: Cathair-Eaglais Inbhir Nis), | Inverness Cathedral (Scottish Gaelic: Cathair-Eaglais Inbhir Nis), also known as the Cathedral of the Isles, is a ruined cathedral in Inverness, Scotland. It is one of the most important religious buildings in Scotland, and one of the most significant in the British Isles.
The cathedral is located on the north side of the River Ness, at the western end of Princes Street. The architecture is mainly Early Scottish Gothic, with some later Renaissance and Baroque features. In 1263, Sir William Wallace is said to have been buried in the cathedral's cemetery after his execution.
Inverness Cathedral was extensively damaged by fire in 1598, 1599 and 1697. The present building dates from 1733–1748 and was designed by James Gibbs in a classical style. The cathedral was further restored between 1879 and 1896 by George Gilbert Scott.
The cathedral has been used for major religious services since at least the 10th century, when it may have been used for Lenten services. In 1160, King David I is said to have consecrated the cathedral's new bishop, John. The first recorded service in the present building was on Christmas Day 1495, when King James III and Queen Margaret were married there. The coronation of Charles II was also held at Inverness Cathedral in 1651.
The cathedral's stained glass windows are some of Scotland's most important examples of Renaissance glass art. The east window was created between 1596 and 1602 by Nicholas Hilliard and his workshop; | wiki-intro | 1 | 14.868746 | [
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How do tomatoes and other foods not get squished at the bottom of the carrier trucks? Example of truck I mean URL_ 0 Please explain like I' m five. | Tomatoes and other foods are typically transported in large containers or bins that are placed inside the trucks. These containers are often made of sturdy materials such as plastic or metal, and they are designed to keep the food inside from getting squished or damaged during transportation. The containers are usually stacked on top of each other in the truck, so that they don't move around too much. In some cases, the truck may also have special padding or cushioning to help protect the food from getting squished. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 9.357024 | [
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Why do we get so much mucus in our nose when we're sick? Is it possible to blow it all out? Currently sick. Need help Please explain like I' m five. | When you're sick, your body produces more mucus than usual as a way to help protect and defend against infection. Mucus is a thick, wet substance that helps to moisten and clean the inside of your nose, throat, and other parts of your respiratory system. It also helps to trap and remove dirt, dust, and other irritants that you might inhale. You may notice that you have more mucus in your nose when you're sick because your body is producing more of it to help fight off the infection. It's normal to have a lot of mucus when you're sick, and it's okay to blow your nose to get rid of it. In fact, blowing your nose can help to clear out the mucus and make you feel better. It's not possible to completely blow out all of the mucus in your nose, especially if you're sick and your body is producing a lot of it. However, blowing your nose regularly can help to remove some of the excess mucus and make you feel more comfortable. Just be sure to wash your hands before and after you blow your nose to help prevent the spread of germs. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 5.214529 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Automatic Dependent Surveillance–Broadcast'
Automatic Dependent Surveillance–Broadcast (ADS–B) is a surveillance | Automatic Dependent Surveillance–Broadcast (ADS–B) is a surveillance capability used in aircraft to automatically detect and track other aircraft. ADS–B is a key part of the Global Air Traffic Control System.
ADS–B allows air traffic controllers to track the location, altitude, and speed of aircraft in real time. This information is essential for managing air traffic and ensuring safe flight. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.096504 | [
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Circular knitting or knitting in the round | Circular knitting or knitting in the round is a type of knitting where the yarn is wrapped around the needles in a continuous circle. It is sometimes called “circular knitting on a circular needle”.
There are many benefits to circular knitting, including:
-no need to carry a separate ball of yarn between needles - this is great for smaller items where keeping the ball of yarn close at hand is important, such as mittens and socks
-no ends to weave in - circular knitting produces seamless fabric
-more even stitches - this is useful for things such as blankets, sweaters and hats where even stitches are important
-less tension needed - because there is no need to carry extra tension around, circular knitting is less tiring than regular knitting | wiki-intro | 1 | 12.901526 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Nehalem Highway'
The Nehalem Highway No. 102 (see Oregon | The Nehalem Highway No. 102 (see Oregon highways) is a long state highway in the U.S. state of Oregon. The highway runs from Interstate 5 in the city of Medford to U.S. Route 26 south of Ashland, and it is a major east–west route in the state.
The Nehalem Highway begins at Interstate 5 in Medford and heads east on Scott Road, passing through the city's downtown area and linking up with I-5 near the Rogue River Bridge. The highway then continues northeast as NE 122nd Avenue, reaching the city of Portland just before it intersects I-205 and US 26. NE 122nd Avenue continues east as an expressway to I-84 and I-205, where it turns into an expressway called NE MLK Jr. Boulevard (formerly known as NE Sandy Boulevard). NE MLK Jr. Boulevard continues east to meet I-5 in downtown Portland just west of the Rose Quarter Arena.
The Nehalem Highway is a four-lane road almost its entire length, except for a section west of US 26 where it becomes a two-lane road for about . The highway has several intersections that are considered high-traffic areas, including one with US 26 in Ashland that is one of the busiest intersections in Oregon.
The Nehalem Highway was originally designated as State Highway No. 102 in 1932. The highway was extended east to US 26 in 1957 and west to Interstate 5 in 1963. | wiki-intro | 1 | 12.154629 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'William Caplin'
William E. Caplin (born 1948) is an | William E. Caplin (born 1948) is an American artist and poet who has worked in a variety of media, including painting, performance, video, and poetry.
Caplin was born in 1948 in Hartford, Connecticut. He attended the University of Connecticut, where he earned a B.A. in 1969. He studied at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago from 1969 to 1971, where he earned an MFA in painting.
After graduating from the Art Institute of Chicago, Caplin moved to New York City in 1971. He has lived and worked there ever since. He has exhibited his work throughout the United States, including at the Whitney Museum of American Art, the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, and the Philadelphia Museum of Art.
Caplin's work is often concerned with questions of perception and identity. His paintings often explore the relationship between nature and culture, as well as the role that memory plays in individual experience. His poems often focus on personal relationships and memories.
Caplin has been awarded fellowships from the Guggenheim Foundation, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the National Endowment for the Arts. In 2005 he was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.075578 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Pilot Butte (Oregon)'
Pilot Butte is a lava dome that | Pilot Butte is a lava dome that was created from an extinct volcano located in Bend, Oregon. It is a cinder cone butte which rises nearly above the surrounding plains. Bend is one of four cities in the United States to have a volcano within its boundaries. The other examples are Mount Tabor in Portland, Oregon, Jackson Volcano in Jackson, Mississippi, and Diamond Head in Honolulu. The Pilot Butte State Scenic Viewpoint, presented as a gift to the State of Oregon in 1928, is a Bend icon. Pilot Butte itself is a popular hiking destination with two trails to the summit, each gaining about in elevation. There is also a trail around the base of the butte. A scenic road also winds up and around the cone. In 2018, the park was the most visited Oregon state park east of the Cascade Mountains. From the top, the entire city of Bend is visible, as well as several major Cascade peaks. Most prominent are the Three Sisters, Broken Top, and Mount Bachelor, which are located about to the west. The City of Bend launches Fourth of July fireworks from Pilot Butte each year. | wiki-intro | 0 | 27.547947 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Henrik Hagtvedt'
Henrik Hagtvedt is a Norwegian visual artist | Henrik Hagtvedt is a Norwegian visual artist and director.
Henrik Hagtvedt was born in Oslo, Norway in 1961. He studied at the Norwegian National Academy of Fine Arts from 1980 to 1984 and at the Royal College of Art, London from 1984 to 1988. Hagtvedt has been represented by the Kunsthalle Zürich since 1990 and has had solo exhibitions at the gallery since 1995. He is also a co-founder of the video art collective Videoformers. Hagtvedt's work explores themes of memory, history, and identity. His films often contain references to both Norwegian culture and history, as well as film history. | wiki-intro | 1 | 10.030334 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Fort Senneville'
Fort Senneville is one of the outlying | Fort Senneville is one of the outlying forts of the Saint-Maurice sector of the Maginot Line. It was built between 1930 and 1932 as part of the preparations for the Second World War. The fort is located in the commune of Saint-Maurice, in the Territoire de Belfort.
The fort is made up of an artillery battery and a number of casemates. It is also equipped with a number of anti-tank guns. The fort is now used as a military training centre. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.396311 | [
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American actor/rapper and singer Will Smith has | American actor/rapper and singer Will Smith has released four studio albums, one compilation album, 18 singles (12 as lead artist and five as featured artist), one video album and 20 music videos (14 as lead artist, three as featured artist and three guest appearances). After working in the late 1980s and early 1990s with Jeff Townes as DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince, Smith began his solo career in 1997 with the release of "Men in Black", the theme song for the film of the same name, which topped singles charts in several regions across the world, including the UK. "Men in Black" (and second single "Just Cruisin'") was later included on Smith's debut solo album Big Willie Style, which reached the top ten of the US Billboard 200 and was certified nine times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). The third single from the album, "Gettin' Jiggy wit It", became Smith's first Billboard Hot 100 number one when it was released in 1998. Smith's second album was again supported by the release of a film theme song as the lead single: "Wild Wild West", featuring Dru Hill and Kool Moe Dee, topped the Billboard Hot 100 and was certified gold by the RIAA. The album in question, Willennium, reached number five on the Billboard 200 and was certified double platinum by the RIAA. "Will 2K", the second single from the album, reached number 25 on the Billboard Hot 100. Before the end of 1999, a video album was released featuring Smith's seven music videos released to date, which reached number 25 on the UK Music Video Chart. The same year, the rapper was also featured on The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air co-star Tatyana Ali's single "Boy You Knock Me Out", which reached number three on the UK Singles Chart and topped the UK R&B Singles Chart. | wiki-intro | 0 | 9.693709 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on '2019 Winter Universiade'
The 2019 Winter Universiade , the XXIX | The 2019 Winter Universiade , the XXIX edition of the international multi-sport event, will be held in Jeonju, South Korea from February 4 to 17.
The 2019 Winter Universiade is an international multi-sport event to be held in Jeonju, South Korea from February 4 to 17. The event is organized by the International University Sports Federation (FISU).
The 2019 Winter Universiade will be the XXIX edition of the international multi-sport event. It will be the second time that the event has been held in South Korea and the seventeenth time that it has been held in a different country. The Universiade features athletes from 19 countries and territories who will compete in 33 sports. The main venues for the event are the Jincheon Ski Jumping Centre and the Daegu Ice Rink. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.630394 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Lalitasana'
Lalitasana is a pose or mudra in | Lalitasana is a pose or mudra in hatha yoga that is often used in the preliminary sequence of asanas. It is a seated forward fold with the legs fully extended in front of the body, the hands resting on the thighs.
Lalitasana is a seated forward fold with the legs fully extended in front of the body, the hands resting on the thighs. The pose is typically used in the preliminary sequence of asanas, opening up the hips and spine. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.444404 | [
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What do people gain by denying climate change? I don't understand why people would deny the evidence. I feel like there needs to be something to gain from doing so, otherwise why wouldn't they just accept the consensus? Please explain like I' m five. | There are a variety of reasons why some people may deny the existence of climate change or the role that human activities play in causing it. Here are a few possibilities: 1. Misinformation or lack of understanding: Some people may simply not have a good understanding of the science behind climate change, or they may have been exposed to misinformation about it. 2. Personal beliefs or values: Some people may reject the idea of climate change because it conflicts with their personal beliefs or values. For example, they may be opposed to government regulation or they may believe that the potential costs of addressing climate change outweigh the potential benefits. 3. Financial or political interests: In some cases, people or organizations may deny climate change in order to protect their own financial or political interests. For example, a company that profits from the production of fossil fuels may deny the existence of climate change in order to continue business as usual. 4. Psychological factors: People may also deny climate change due to psychological factors, such as a desire to feel in control or to avoid feeling overwhelmed by the magnitude of the problem. It's important to note that the overwhelming majority of scientists and experts agree that climate change is real and that human activities are a major contributor to it. The evidence for climate change is strong and comes from many different sources, including temperature measurements, satellite data, and observations of melting ice and rising sea levels. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 5.625024 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Cheetos'
Cheetos (formerly styled as Chee-tos until 1998) | Cheetos (formerly styled as Chee-tos until 1998) are a brand of cheese-flavored crisps manufactured by Frito-Lay. They are made of puffed cornmeal, water, oil, salt, and cheese. The cheese is a combination of cheddar and mozzarella. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.933688 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Acetamiprid'
{{Chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| | {{Chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 477238617
| ImageFile = Acetamiprid Structural Formulae V.1.svg
| ImageSize = 250px
| ImageFile1 = Acetamiprid 3D ball.png
| ImageSize1 = 240
| ImageAlt1 = Ball-and-stick model of the acetamiprid molecule
|IUPACName=N-[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-N'''-cyano-N-methyl-acetamidine
|OtherNames= (1E)-N-[(6-Chlor-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-N-cyan-N-methylethanimidamid;
|Section1=
|Section2=
|Section3=
}}Acetamiprid' is an organic compound with the chemical formula C10H11ClN4. It is an odorless neonicotinoid insecticide produced under the trade names Assail, and Chipco by Aventis CropSciences. It is systemic and intended to control sucking insects (Thysanoptera, Hemiptera, mainly aphids) on crops such as leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, pome fruits, grapes, cotton, cole crops, and ornamental plants. It is also a key pesticide in commercial cherry farming due to its effectiveness against the larvae of the cherry fruit fly. Acetamiprid is an insecticide belonging to the chloropyridinyl neonicotinoids, this family of insecticides was introduced in the early 1990s. This compound is an insecticide that is introduced for controlling pests, but also for domestic use to control fleas on cats and dogs. | wiki-intro | 0 | 15.992419 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Steve Burns'
{{Infobox person
| name | {{Infobox person
| name = Steve Burns
| image = Steve Burns.png
| alt =
| caption = Burns in 2014
| birth_name = Steven Michael Burns
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Boyertown, Pennsylvania, U.S.
| occupation =
| years_active = 1995–present
| module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes
| background = solo_singer
| instrument =
| genre =
| label = PIAS Recordings
| associated_acts = {{hlist|The Flaming Lips|Steve Burns & The Struggle|STEVENSTEVEN}}
}}
}}
Steven Michael Burns (born October 9, 1973) is an American actor, television host, singer and musician. He is best known as the original host of the long-running children's preschool television program Blue's Clues from 1996 until 2002, for which he was nominated for a Daytime Emmy in 2001. Early life and career
Burns was born in Boyertown, Pennsylvania, to Joseph Burns Jr. (1938–2015) and Janet Burns (née Petaccio). He has two sisters. His father served in the U.S. Navy and later became the human resources director of Safeguard Business Systems. He attended Boyertown Area Senior High School in Berks County, graduating in 1992. | wiki-intro | 0 | 11.263664 | [
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Why is it every time I look into my flashlight and close my eyes(or look at a blank wall), I see the figure of the light but in a different colour? My new charizard flashlight that is! Explain like I' m five. | When you close your eyes after looking at a bright light, you may see an afterimage of that light. An afterimage is an image that continues to appear in your vision even after you stop looking at the original source of the image. The color of the afterimage may be different from the color of the original light because the cells in your eyes that detect light (called rods and cones) can become temporarily overloaded and stop working properly when exposed to a bright light. When this happens, your brain may interpret the absence of certain colors as the presence of other colors, resulting in the afterimage appearing in a different color than the original light. So, when you look at your flashlight and then close your eyes, you may see an afterimage of the light in a different color because your eyes were temporarily overloaded by the bright light. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 10.513403 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Palermo Conference'
The Palermo Conference was a two-day long | The Palermo Conference was a two-day long conference which took place in Palermo, Italy on 12–13 November 2018 to discuss United Nations policy concerning Libya. Organized by Italian Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte, it was attended by delegations from 38 countries, including Russia, the United States, Egypt, Tunisia, Turkey, as well as representatives of many rival Libyan factions fighting for power in the country. Attendants included Libyan prime minister Fayez al-Sarraj, Libyan field marshal Khalifa Haftar, Egyptian president Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, Tunisian president Beji Caid Essebsi, Qatari Minister of Foreign Affairs Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani, Libyan parliamentary speaker Aguila Saleh, and Khalid al-Mishri speaker of the upper chamber in the Libyan capital, Tripoli.
Turkey's delegation, headed by Turkish Vice President Fuat Oktay, withdrew from the conference on 13 November as a result of the exclusion of Turkish officials, on Haftar's insistence, from a private meeting between the conflict's key players.
While the conference led to no significant breakthroughs, it marked the first occasion on which Italy legitimized Haftar as a party in Libyan peace negotiations since the 2016 conclusion of the agreements that led to the establishment of the Government of National Accord. Haftar, who had made a surprise visit to Moscow earlier that month, was initially reluctant to attend the Palermo talks. He was likely convinced by Egypt and Russia to take part in the event. | wiki-intro | 0 | 12.198058 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Richard Faith'
Richard Faith (March 20, 1926 - February | Richard Faith (March 20, 1926 - February 5, 2011) was an American science fiction and fantasy writer. He is best known for his Hugo Award-winning novel The Faithful and the Fallen, and for the short story "The Man Who Sold the Moon".
Faith was born in 1926 in Portland, Oregon. After graduating from high school in 1944, he enlisted in the United States Navy and served in the Pacific Theater of Operations during World War II. After the war, he enrolled at Oregon State University, where he studied engineering.
In 1949, Faith married his wife, Virginia. They had two children. In 1969, Faith left his engineering career to become a full-time writer. He published his first novel, The Faithful and the Fallen, in 1976. The book won a Hugo Award that year.
Faith died on February 5, 2011 at the age of 87. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.774235 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Cliff College'
Cliff College is a Christian theological college | Cliff College is a Christian theological college in Calver, Derbyshire, that teaches Biblical Theology at the undergraduate level and a number of mission courses to postgraduates. There are currently about 30 full-time undergraduates, 80 part-time undergraduates and 100 part-time postgraduates. There are also a number of research (MPhil and PhD) students and full-time postgraduates enrolled at the College. College courses up to and including MA level are validated by University of Manchester, and students at higher levels are jointly enrolled at both institutions. History
Cliff College traces its roots back to 1883 in Bolton, Lancashire, when Reverend Thomas Champness took a number of men into his home in order to train them. Shortly afterwards they all moved to Castleton Hall, Rochdale being known as "The Joyful News Training Home and Mission". On the expiration of the lease on Castleton Hall, the work moved to its present site in March 1904. Prior to this, the premises at Curbar, Derbyshire had been used by Henry Grattan Guinness, who moved students from Harley College, in Bromley-by-Bow to Derbyshire. The institution was known as "Hulme Cliffe College" after Elizabeth Hulme, who had donated "Cliffe House" in Curbar, Derbyshire, England to further Guinness's work, this work was transferred back to London in 1902. The premises were purchased by the Wesleyan Methodist Church in 1903, to house the Joyful News Training Home and Mission, and the name was changed to "Cliff College". Today the college trains and teaches undergraduate and post-graduate students at their campus in Calver, Derbyshire. | wiki-intro | 0 | 24.155777 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Mount Owen (Wyoming)'
Mount Owen is the second highest | Mount Owen is the second highest peak in the Wind River Range, located in the U.S. state of Wyoming. At 14,259 feet (4,392 meters), it is the 54th highest peak in the United States and the sixth highest peak in Wyoming. The mountain is located in the Bridger-Teton National Forest and is part of a group of mountains known collectively as The Twelve Apostles.
Mount Owen was first climbed on July 16, 1872 by a party led by David L. Wheeler. | wiki-intro | 1 | 10.581332 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Liaqat'
Liaqat may refer to: Agha Syed Liaqat | Liaqat may refer to: Agha Syed Liaqat Ali, the founder of the modern-day Liaquat National Park in Balochistan, Pakistan
Liaquat Ali Khan, the first Prime Minister of Pakistan
Liaqat Ali Khan Stadium, a multi-purpose stadium in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
Abdul Sattar Edhi, Pakistani philanthropist and founder of the Edhi Foundation | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.89292 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'E. Joseph Bleich'
E. Joseph Bleich (born 1950) was a | E. Joseph Bleich (born 1950) was a professor of psychiatry and neurology at the University of California, San Francisco. He is best known for his work on the pharmacology of lithium and its potential use as a psychiatric medication.
Bleich was born in 1950 in Newark, New Jersey. He received his undergraduate degree from Yale University in 1972, and his medical degree from the University of California, Los Angeles, in 1977. He began his residency training at the University of California, San Francisco in Psychiatry in 1978, and was elected to a faculty position there in 1984. He served as chair of the Department of Psychiatry and Neurology at UCSF from 2003 to 2007. Bleich died on September 10, 2010, after a long battle with cancer. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.68294 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Nagasaki Peace Park'
Nagasaki Peace Park is a park located | Nagasaki Peace Park is a park located in Nagasaki, Japan dedicated to the memory of the victims of the atomic bombing of the city on August 9, 1945. The park was opened on December 6, 2007.
Nagasaki Peace Park is located in central Nagasaki, adjacent to the Peace Park Museum and the Peace Memorial Park. It covers an area of and includes a garden with a rose garden, a meadow, a pond, and a children's play area. The park is open from 8:00am to 5:00pm.
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Archive of Serbia'
The Archive of Serbia , is the | The Archive of Serbia , is the national archive of Serbia, located in Belgrade. It houses and protects documents and other archival materials produced by state bodies and organizations of Serbia before 1918 (before Serbia became part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia) and documents produced during and after World War II (when Serbia was federal subject within Communist Yugoslavia and Serbia and Montenegro). Documents dating from the period when Serbia was part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and documents produced by the state bodies and organizations of Yugoslavia from 1918 to 2006 are kept in the Archives of Yugoslavia, also in Belgrade. History
The first proposal to establish a national archive came in 1846, but the Law on National Archives was only adopted on . The Archive began operation in 1900, and the founding members of the National Archives were: J. N. Ivković, Dr. M. Gavrilović, M. Rančić and M. K. Borisavljević. Its first official name was National Archive of the Kingdom of Serbia. Historian and diplomat Mihailo Gavrilović was The President of Archive in the period 1900-1910. Gavrilović was chiefly responsible for early development and organisation of the Archive. In this period the Archive was located in residence of general Sava Grujić. | wiki-intro | 0 | 20.11067 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Philip E. Vernon'
Philip Ewart Vernon (6 June 1905 – | Philip Ewart Vernon (6 June 1905 – 28 July 1987) was a British-born Canadian psychologist and author. He studied intellectual ability with a focus on race and intelligence. Life
Philip Vernon was born in Oxford, England on 6 June 1905. His father was H. M. Vernon who was a lecturer in physiology at the University of Oxford, and was Great Britain's foremost figure in industrial psychology. Philip worked with his wife, Dorothy, in the study of gifted children. They had one son, Philip Anthony Vernon, who also researched intellectual abilities. When Vernon joined the University of Calgary, he became a Canadian citizen. While in Canada, Vernon participated in winter sports and was a board member of the Calgary Philharmonic Orchestra. Vernon died of cancer in 1987. After his passing, the University of Calgary started giving an award for higher education students in his name for social sciences, educational psychology, humanities, or fine arts: music and genetics. | wiki-intro | 0 | 22.337118 | [
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Is it financially advantageous and safe to rent out my personal car? | I' m going to address a couple of extra issues over and above mhoran_ psprep' s great answer. Insurance A lot of the jobs you describe require that you have additional insurance over and above what you currently have, normally insurance that lets you drive for payment. You should insist that anyone you rent to has this insurance. If not, you may find yourself liable and uninsured. Also you should be aware of this story: "Quebec Uber drivers have cars seized, fined up to $7, 500". | hc3-finance | 0 | 39.859154 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Electric switchboard'
An electric switchboard is a device that | An electric switchboard is a device that allows individual electric circuits to be switched on and off.
Electric switchboards were first developed in the early 1800s, and were used to power industrial machinery. They are now mostly used in homes and businesses to control the flow of electricity. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.042923 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Admiral Fell Promises'
Admiral Fell Promises is the fourth studio | Admiral Fell Promises is the fourth studio album by English singer-songwriter and musician, James Arthur. It was released on 3 September 2019 by record label Syco Music.
The album was preceded by the single "Promises" which was released on 15 August 2019.
The album was produced by Arthur and Benny Blanco.
On 11 July 2019, Arthur announced the album's title and release date on Instagram. He also shared the tracklist and announced that he would be headlining the BBC Radio 2 show, Desert Island Discs, to discuss the album.
Arthur has stated that the album is "about accepting yourself for who you are" and "about growing up".
"Admiral Fell Promises" received mixed reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has an average score of 58, which indicates "mixed or average reviews". In a review for "The Guardian", music writer Kitty Empire said that Arthur's "melancholy voice" shines on ballads such as "Promises", but criticised the album's less-than-stellar tracks. In a review for "NME", Daniel P Carter said that while Arthur tackles heavier topics on "Admiral Fell Promises", he still manages to keep his pop sensibilities intact. | wiki-intro | 1 | 16.140631 | [
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why do flies do that evil hands rubbing together thing? like when they'idle'they start rubbing their'feet'/' hands'together. Explain like I' m five. | Flies don't have hands like humans do, but they do have small, thin legs that they use to move around and to help them sense their environment. When a fly rubs its legs together, it's called palpating. Flies do this for a few different reasons.
First, palpating helps to clean and groom their legs. Flies often land on dirty or wet surfaces, and palpating helps to remove any dirt or debris that might be stuck to their legs.
Second, palpating helps to activate the fly's digestive enzymes. Flies have tiny hair-like structures on their legs called ptilinum, which secrete a liquid that helps to break down their food. When the fly palpates its legs, it spreads this liquid over its food, which helps to soften it and make it easier to eat.
Finally, palpating may also help to communicate with other flies. Flies use their legs to touch and interact with each other, and palpating may be a way for them to signal to other flies that they are ready to mate or to defend their territory.
So, when you see a fly rubbing its legs together, it could be doing it for any of these reasons. It's just a way for the fly to take care of itself and interact with its environment. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 32.443707 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Fred Bennion'
Fred W. Bennion (September 29, 1884 – | Fred W. Bennion (September 29, 1884 – March 21, 1967) was an American football and baseball coach. Bennion served as the head football coach at the University of Wyoming in Laramie, Wyoming, from 1922 to 1923, compiling a record of 3–8–1. He also served as the head baseball coach at Wyoming from 1922 to 1938, tallying a record of 282–189–10. Bennion was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1954. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.056926 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Haiti'
Haiti (; French: ; ), | Haiti (; French: ; ), officially the Republic of Haiti , and formerly known as Hayti, is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea, to the east of Cuba and Jamaica and south of The Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands. It occupies the western three-eighths of the island which it shares with the Dominican Republic. To its south-west lies the small Navassa Island, which is claimed by Haiti but is disputed as a United States territory under federal administration. Haiti is in size, the third largest country in the Caribbean by area, and has an estimated population of 11.4 million, making it the most populous country in the Caribbean. The capital is Port-au-Prince. The island was originally inhabited by the indigenous Taíno people, who originated in South America. The first Europeans arrived on 5 December 1492 during the first voyage of Christopher Columbus, who initially believed he had found India or China. Columbus subsequently founded the first European settlement in the Americas, La Navidad, on what is now the northeastern coast of Haiti. The island was claimed by Spain and named , forming part of the Spanish Empire until the early 17th century. However, competing claims and settlements by the French led to the western portion of the island being ceded to France in 1697, which was subsequently named . French colonists established lucrative sugarcane plantations, worked by vast numbers of slaves brought from Africa, which made the colony one of the richest in the world. | wiki-intro | 0 | 12.075171 | [
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Please explain what is "Cerebral cortex" | The cerebral cortex, also known as the cerebral mantle, is the outer layer of neural tissue of the cerebrum of the brain in humans and other mammals. The cerebral cortex mostly consists of the six-layered neocortex, with just 10% consisting of allocortex. It is separated into two cortices, by the longitudinal fissure that divides the cerebrum into the left and right cerebral hemispheres. The two hemispheres are joined beneath the cortex by the corpus callosum. The cerebral cortex is the largest site of neural integration in the central nervous system. It plays a key role in attention, perception, awareness, thought, memory, language, and consciousness. The cerebral cortex is part of the brain responsible for cognition. In most mammals, apart from small mammals that have small brains, the cerebral cortex is folded, providing a greater surface area in the confined volume of the cranium. Apart from minimising brain and cranial volume, cortical folding is crucial for the brain circuitry and its functional organisation. In mammals with small brains there is no folding and the cortex is smooth. A fold or ridge in the cortex is termed a gyrus (plural gyri) and a groove is termed a sulcus (plural sulci). These surface convolutions appear during fetal development and continue to mature after birth through the process of gyrification. In the human brain the majority of the cerebral cortex is not visible from the outside, but buried in the sulci. The major sulci and gyri mark the divisions of the cerebrum into the lobes of the brain. The four major lobes are the frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal lobes. Other lobes are the limbic lobe, and the insular cortex often referred to as the insular lobe. There are between 14 and 16 billion neurons in the human cerebral cortex. These are organised into horizontal cortical layers, and radially into cortical columns and minicolumns. Cortical areas have specific functions such as movement in the motor cortex, and sight in the visual cortex. Visual cortex is located in the occipital lobe. | hc3-wiki_csai | 0 | 10.421782 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Brian Hyland'
Brian Hyland (born November 12, 1943) is | Brian Hyland (born November 12, 1943) is an American singer and songwriter. He is known for his pop and rock music, and has had a successful career in both the United States and the United Kingdom. He has written and recorded songs for a variety of popular artists, including Barbra Streisand, Whitney Houston, Celine Dion, Elton John, Stevie Wonder, Rod Stewart, and Barbra Streisand.
Hyland was born in Chicago, Illinois. He began his career as a singer in the late 1960s, initially performing on the folk circuit. In 1969, he released his debut album, Brian Hyland. The album achieved modest success, but it was his follow-up album, 1971's Brian Hyland II, which brought him wider recognition. The album featured the hit singles "People Who Love Me" and "More Than You Know". In 1973, Hyland scored another hit with the song "I Will Always Love You", which became a worldwide success. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, Hyland continued to release successful albums; among them were 1974's Brian Hyland III, 1976's Brian Hyland IV, and 1979's Brian Hyland V.
In the 1990s, Hyland began to focus on writing and recording songs for other artists. His collaborations with Barbra Streisand yielded two successful albums: 1994's Guilty (which spawned the hit single "The Way You Look Tonight") and 1998's Encore! Both albums earned nominations for Grammy Awards. In 2002 | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.627802 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Kimberley Joseph'
Kimberley Joseph (born August 30, 1973) is | Kimberley Joseph (born August 30, 1973) is a Cook Island-Australian actress based in the United States. Joseph was born in Rarotonga, brought up on the Gold Coast in Australia and educated in Switzerland. After returning to Australia, she began a degree at Bond University but dropped out at the age of 19 when she was cast in the soap opera Paradise Beach. She had no formal acting training but appeared in the soap for the 18 months it was produced. After Paradise Beach ended, she had casual work on Hey Hey It's Saturday before co-hosting the popular Seven Network series Gladiators. After three series of Gladiators, Joseph was eager to return to acting, so took the role of villain Joanne Brennan in Home and Away from 1995 to 1996. In 1999, she moved to the United States to study acting at the Atlantic Theater Company in New York City, then spent 18 months unsuccessfully auditioning for roles in Los Angeles. In 2001, she was cast as Jo Ellison in the British television series Cold Feet. She appeared in the fourth and fifth series and returned to Australia two days after filming the final episode in 2002. In 2004, she appeared in a major recurring role as Dr. Grace Connelly in six episodes of the Australian soap opera All Saints. She returned to America after filming All Saints, where she got a small role as flight attendant Cindy Chandler in the pilot episode of Lost. The role was supposed to be a one-off in the pilot but a producer liked Joseph and the character, so brought her back for a recurring role in the second, third and sixth seasons. Away from acting, Joseph has been involved in efforts to highlight the effects of Soviet nuclear testing in Kazakhstan, including directing a short film. | wiki-intro | 0 | 17.84543 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Prince Alemayehu'
Dejazmatch Alemayehu Tewodros, often referred to as | Dejazmatch Alemayehu Tewodros, often referred to as HIH Prince Alemayehu or Alamayou of Ethiopia (23 April 1861 – 14 November 1879) was the son of Emperor Tewodros II of Ethiopia. Emperor Tewodros II committed suicide after his defeat by the British, led by Sir Robert Napier, at the conclusion of the British Expedition to Abyssinia in 1868. Alemayehu's mother was Empress Tiruwork Wube. Biography
After the Battle of Magdala, the young prince was taken to Britain, under the care of Captain Tristram Speedy. This was in accordance with the wishes of Tewodros II who had asked his wife, the Empress Tiruwork Wube, in the event of his death, to place his son under the protection of the British. This decision was apparently made in the fear that the Prince's life would be in jeopardy from an aspirant for the Empire of Abyssinia. The Empress Tiruwork had intended to travel to Britain with her son following the death of her husband, but died on the march from Magdala to Zula leaving Alemayehu an orphan. Initially, Empress Tiruwork had resisted Captain Speedy's efforts to be named the child's guardian, and had even asked the commander of the British forces, Lord Napier, to keep Speedy away from her child and herself. After the death of the Empress however, Napier allowed Speedy to assume the role of caretaker. Upon the arrival of the little Prince's party in Alexandria however, Speedy dismissed the entire Ethiopian entourage of the Prince much to their distress and they returned to Ethiopia. | wiki-intro | 0 | 22.001801 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Longview Tea Garden'
Longview Tea Garden is a village in | Longview Tea Garden is a village in the Kurseong CD block in the Kurseong subdivision of the Darjeeling district in the state of West Bengal, India. History
Longview Tea Company was incorporated in 1879. In earlier days, Longview Tea Garden was owned by such companies as James Warren and Company. Another source says that that Longview Tea Estate was initially owned by a pioneering British tea planter C.G.Adams, who opened it in 1873. “Wyandhams of Australia owned the estate until 1953.” Longview Tea Co. was taken over by the Dagas in 1954. The company started operations with a single tea garden – Longview Tea Garden. It subsequently took over five more gardens – Phuguri Tea Estate in Darjeeling (1954), Bhatpara Tea Estate in Dooars (1988), Orange Valley Tea Estate in Darjeeling (1990), the Sanyasithan Tea Estate in Terai (1991) and the Anandapur Tea Estate in the Dooars (1991). Towards the end of the last century, the company produced 30 lakh kg of all varieties of tea. It was a profit-making dividend paying company for years. During the financial year 1999–2000, on incurring losses, the company “practically sold all tea estates/projects and is driven by other activities/ sources.” | wiki-intro | 0 | 40.373207 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'David M. Fahey'
David M. Fahey (born 1937, at Ossining, | David M. Fahey (born 1937, at Ossining, New York) is an American composer, conductor, and music educator. He is the founder and director of the Fahey Music School in Princeton, New Jersey, where he teaches composition and conducting.
Fahey was born in Ossining, New York, in 1937. He studied music at the University of Colorado at Boulder and the University of California at Berkeley, where he graduated with a bachelor's degree in 1967. He continued his studies at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, where he earned a master's degree in 1968.
Fahey began his career as a composer in 1967, when he wrote his first work, an opera entitled "The Voyage". He has since written more than ninety works for orchestra, chamber ensemble, and solo instrument. His compositions have been performed around the world by prominent orchestras and ensembles including the Dallas Symphony Orchestra, the Utah Symphony Orchestra, and the Philadelphia Orchestra.
Fahey has also been active as a conductor. He has led numerous performances of his own works as well as those of other composers such as Ralph Vaughan Williams and Johannes Brahms. He served as associate conductor of the Utah Symphony from 1984 to 1988 and vice-chairman of the American Symphony Orchestra League from 1992 to 1999. In 2006, he became the conductor of the Princeton Symphony Orchestra, a post he held until his retirement in 2018.
Fahey has also been involved in music education for many years. From 1984 to 1988, he served as associate | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.362512 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Devi Sridhar'
Devi Lalita Sridhar FRSE (born 1984) is | Devi Lalita Sridhar FRSE (born 1984) is an Indian scientist who has made significant contributions to the fields of quantum information and quantum computing. She is a professor at the University of Edinburgh, where she leads the Centre for Quantum Technologies.
Sridhar was born in 1984 in Bangalore, India. She completed her undergraduate studies in physics at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and her postgraduate studies at the University of Edinburgh, where she was awarded a PhD in 2009 for her work on quantum error correction.
Sridhar's research focuses on the application of quantum information theory and quantum computing to problems in physics and engineering. Her work has led to the development of novel methods for storing and processing quantum data, as well as new methods for constructing error-correcting codes.
Sridhar has received several awards and accolades for her work, including the Royal Society of Edinburgh Young Investigator Award in 2010, the IBM Q Awards in 2013 and 2014, and the prestigious Cuthbert Willingham Prize in 2016. She is also a member of the American Physical Society, European Physical Society, and Indian National Science Academy. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.552094 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'François Marie Savina'
François Marie Savina (20 March 1876 – | François Marie Savina (20 March 1876 – 12 October 1961) was a French historian and philologist.
Born in Marseille, Savina initially followed a career in commerce before turning to education. He obtained his doctorate from the University of Paris in 1903, and became a professor at the University of Toulouse in 1910. At Toulouse, Savina served as the director of the university library from 1926 to 1941.
Savina's work primarily focused on the history of French language and literature, and he is considered one of the founders of modern historical linguistics. He is also noted for his studies of Roman Catholicism in France during the Middle Ages, and his writings on the French Revolution remain influential.
Savina died in Toulouse at the age of 87. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.255889 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Yuri Kozukata'
Yuri Kozukata is a fictional character introduced | Yuri Kozukata is a fictional character introduced in 2014 Wii U video game Fatal Frame: Maiden of Black Water by Koei Tecmo. In the game, when Yuri was younger, her family all died in a traffic accident, leaving her the only survivor. As a result of this accident, she was left with the ability to see ghosts, often referred to as the "Sixth Sense" in the series. Development
The main cast went through a number of revisions, although a male character was decided upon early on. Yuri was created relatively quickly and also the character's clothing was designed to make them look "sexy" when it got wet. The character was a combination of elements from proposals for games in the fatal frame series. A mechanic being tested in the game had the necessity to keep dry, initially inspired by the sweating mechanic from Dead or Alive 5. While this was toned down, dampness being tied to the character's well-being remained in the game. This aspect was suggested by Ohtani. The graphics engine used technology from Dead or Alive 5, with one of the main points of aesthetic similarity was the sexy look of the female character. | wiki-intro | 0 | 29.904133 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Something Upstairs'
Something Upstairs (also published as Something Upstairs: | Something Upstairs (also published as Something Upstairs: A Mystery) is a 1948 mystery novel by American writer Agatha Christie. The novel is set in the fictional country of Downland, and tells the story of the investigation into the death of a young woman, Mrs. Oliver.
Christie's first novel for adults, it was published in the UK by Heinemann and in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company. The novel was serialized in The Sunday Times from March 10 to April 10, 1948.
The novel was adapted for television as a three-part episode of Agatha Christie's Poirot (1990), with David Suchet reprising his role as Hercule Poirot. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.294787 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Joseph R. Peterson'
Joseph R. Peterson (September 21, 1904 – | Joseph R. Peterson (September 21, 1904 – August 26, 1967) was an American lawyer, farmer, and politician. Peterson was born on a farm near Zearing, Illinois. In 1911, he moved to a farm near Dover, Illinois and then settled in Princeton, Illinois in 1930. Peterson went to the Bureau County public schools. In 1925, Peterson received his bachelor's degree from Beloit College. He then received his law degree from University of Illinois College of Law in 1928. He was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1928 and practiced law in Princeton, Illinois. He served as mayor of Dover, Illinois in 1929 and 1930. Peterson served as state's attorney of Bureau County from 1936 to 1948 and was a Republican. Peterson served in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1951 to 1956 and in the Illinois Senate from 1956 until his death in 1967. He died at his home in Princeton, Illinois. | wiki-intro | 0 | 8.685355 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Fuckin' A'
Fuckin' A is the eighth and final | Fuckin' A is the eighth and final studio album by American rapper A$AP Rocky, released on September 15, 2018, by Polo Grounds Music and Def Jam Recordings. Produced by Ammo and Rocky himself, it is Rocky's first album since 2015's At. Long. Last. A$AP.
The album was announced on August 25, 2018, and its lead single, "L$D", was released on August 8. The album's second single, "Money In The Grave", was released on August 22.
The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart, selling 135,000 copies in its first week. It also reached the top ten of charts in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom.
"Fuckin' A" received generally positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album has received an average score of 73 based on 12 reviews.
Writing for "Pitchfork", David Drake awarded the album a 7.5 out of 10 and called it "one of the most consistent rap albums of the past few years". He praised Rocky's lyrical skills and called the production "solid throughout".
In a more mixed review for "Exclaim!", Kory Grow gave the album 3 out of 5 stars and wrote that it does not feel as cohesive as his previous work. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.926476 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Georg-Peter Eder'
Georg-Peter "Schorsch" Eder (8 March 1921 – | Georg-Peter "Schorsch" Eder (8 March 1921 – 5 October 2002) was a German mathematician.
Eder was born in 1921 in Berlin. He obtained his doctorate from the University of Berlin in 1948 under the supervision of Gerhard Friedlander. From 1950 to 1965, he was a professor at the University of Hamburg. In 1965, he moved to the University of Zurich, where he was a professor until his retirement in 1982.
Eder is known for his work on harmonic analysis, especially on classes of harmonic functions and their integrals. His most famous result is the Eder–MacLane theorem, which states that any bilinear form on an open set has a unique inverse. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.067985 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Pierre Fauchard Academy'
The Pierre Fauchard Academy is a volunteer-run, | The Pierre Fauchard Academy is a volunteer-run, non-profit, private school for students in grades K-12 located in Caldwell, New Jersey. It was founded in 1989 by Pierre Fauchard, who was the first French teacher at Caldwell High School.
Pierre Fauchard Academy is a tuition-free, PK-12 school that offers a unique French immersion program. The Academy's curriculum is based on the Francophone world and its culture, and emphasizes the development of literacy, critical thinking, and citizenship skills. The Academy also offers a variety of clubs and activities that allow students to explore their interests and passions.
Pierre Fauchard Academy is a member of the New Jersey Association of Independent Schools (NJAIS), the National Association of Independent Schools (NAIS), and the French International School Network (FISN). | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.711921 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Kinetic hanger'
A Kinetic hanger is a randomized version | A Kinetic hanger is a randomized version of the hanger that uses a spring loaded arm to suspend objects. It was invented by Yuichi Hiraoka in 1978.
A Kinetic hanger is a randomized version of the hanger that uses a spring loaded arm to suspend objects. It was invented by Yuichi Hiraoka in 1978. The Kinetic hanger has several advantages over the traditional hanger. First, it is random, so the object hangs at an unpredictable angle. Second, it is fast, so you can hang multiple objects at once. Finally, it is cheap, so it is a good option for hanging items that are not particularly valuable or important. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.941163 | [
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Friedrich Heinrich Feuerbach (29 September 1806 – | Friedrich Heinrich Feuerbach (29 September 1806 – 24 January 1880) was a German philologist and philosopher. In the 1840s he played an important role disseminating materialist and atheist philosophy. Life
Friedrich Feuerbach was born on 29 September 1806 in Munich. He was the youngest son of the distinguished jurist Paul Johann Anselm Ritter von Feuerbach (1775–1833) and uncle of painter Anselm Feuerbach (1829–1880). His older brothers were all distinguished scholars. In 1826 he began his studies at the university of Erlangen. At first he studied theology, then history and finally philology and philosophy, specializing in Sanskrit literature. His supervisor was Friedrich Rückert. At Erlangen he was a member of a liberal nationalist student fraternity. In 1831, shortly after graduating, he went to Paris to work with the noted philologists and linguists Chézy, Bournouf and Remusat. France had recently experienced the July Revolution, and Friedrich met with some of the French utopian socialists of the time (e.g., Pierre Leroux). He also seems to have travelled to Switzerland, where he met the radical followers of Wilhelm Weitling; some of them subsequently studied his writings on religion. There is no evidence, however, that Friedrich Feuerbach himself ever participated in any revolutionary association (nor would this have been in character with his diffident nature). | wiki-intro | 0 | 17.677473 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Shanqella'
Shanqella (Amharic: ሻንቅላ šanqəlla sometimes spelled Shankella, | Shanqella (Amharic: ሻንቅላ šanqəlla sometimes spelled Shankella, Shangella, Shánkala, Shankalla or Shangalla) is an exonym for a number of ethnic groups that today reside primarily in the westernmost part of Ethiopia near South Sudan (especially Benishangul-Gumuz Region), but are known to have also inhabited more northerly areas until the late nineteenth century. A pejorative, the term was traditionally used by the local Afro-Asiatic-speaking populations to refer in general terms to darker-skinned ethnic groups, particularly to those from communities speaking Nilo-Saharan languages of Western Ethiopia. These were regarded as slave reserves by the highlanders. The etymology of Shanqella is uncertain. It has been suggested that the appellation may stem from an Amharic epithet meaning "black" (or dark-skinned). However, it is likely that the term is instead of more ancient, Agaw derivation given the Agaw substratum in the Amharic language. The 1935 League of Nations report detailed the dehumanization of Shanqella under the Ethiopian Empire. See also
Jareer, analogous Somali term | wiki-intro | 0 | 67.587097 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'John Wright (businessman)'
John Wright was an emigrant English pioneer, | John Wright was an emigrant English pioneer, colonial period businessman who established Wright's Ferry (and eventually the town eponymously named for it). The resulting increase in settlement triggered nine years of armed conflict during the Maryland-Pennsylvania boundary dispute known as Cresap's War. The animal powered ferry was the very first means of crossing the broad unfriendly Susquehanna River in a region known as Conejohela Valley nearly halfway between what became Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, and York County, Pennsylvania. Wright was a Quaker who first came to the area in 1724 to explore the land and preach to the local Native Americans. In 1730, he was granted a patent to operate a ferry across the river and subsequently established the ferry with Robert Barber and Samuel Blunston. He also built a ferry house and a tavern on the eastern shore of the Susquehanna, north of Locust Street, on Front Street in Wright's Ferry, as the town was then known. The two-story log tavern, operated by John Wright, Jr. until 1834, consisted of a large room on either end connected by a passageway. When John Jr. married, he moved to York County’s western shore at Wright's Ferry West (later to be named Wrightsville), and built another ferry house and tavern. The ferry itself consisted of two dugout canoes fastened together with carriage and wagon wheels. When numerous cattle were moved, the canoeist guided a lead animal with a rope so that the others would follow. If the lead animal became confused and started swimming in circles, however, the other animals followed until they tired and eventually drowned. | wiki-intro | 0 | 30.853804 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Battle of Sanhe'
The Battle of Sanhe (, literally "Battle | The Battle of Sanhe (, literally "Battle of Three Rivers") was a major engagement of the Taiping Rebellion, occurring in 1858. During this battle, the elite troops of Zeng Guofan's Xiang Army were lost, along with one of its most capable commanders, Li Xubin as well as Zeng Guofan's brother Zeng Guohua. Prelude
In August 1858 the Taiping Army took Luzhou , in modern-day Hefei, Anhui, and the Imperial governor of Hunan-Guangdong Guanwen ordered Li Xubin to counterattack by taking the cities and towns of Tongcheng, Shucheng, and Taihu . Imperial Jiangning General Duxing'a and Li Xubin consequently led over 10,000 troops and attacked Anhui from Hubei. On September 22 imperial troops took Taihu . Afterwards, Li Xubin led 8,000 troops to continue the attack northward. On September 27 Li Xubin's imperial army took Qianshan. On October 13 they took Tongcheng, and on October 24 Shucheng. On November 3, after leaving behind 2,000 soldiers to guard the newly conquered towns, Li Xubin led the remaining 6,000 imperial troops to the outskirts of Sanhe ("Three Rivers"), around 25 km southeast of Shucheng. | wiki-intro | 0 | 23.665667 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Henry Meulen'
Henry Meulen (1882–1978) was a British individualist | Henry Meulen (1882–1978) was a British individualist anarchist and economist. He was an editor of the periodical called The Individualist, published by the Personal Rights Association and actively promoted the philosophy of free banking. He is the author of Free Banking: An Outline of a Policy on Individualism (London: Macmillan, 1934) and Individualist Anarchism (Glasgow: The Strickland Press, 1949).
Meulen's parents were born in the village of Kirchberg and emigrated to London c. 1870. His father (Friedrich Maullen) worked as a bookbinder and, though successful, could not afford to send his five children to university. Meulen went to the French school in Soho and then entered the competitive examination, with 400 other candidates, to join the Post Office. He obtained one of the seven available places and because of his fluency in French and German went to work in the Central Telegraph Office. In 1910 he set up home with Violet Middleton in Bedford Park. His only daughter, Paula Meulen (later Paula Turner, wife of Richard Wainright Duke Turner), was born in 1911 and Violet died in childbirth. Meulen had become interested in currency reform and began work on his first book Industrial Justice through Banking Reform. An outline of a policy of individualism. The book was nearly finished when, in 1916, he was conscripted and sent to France in a labour battalion (because of his German parentage). When his musical talent was discovered he joined a concert party known as the All Stars. Meulen changed the spelling of his family name from Maullen to Meulen because the family were originally from the Low Countries and, he thought, related to Antony Francis van der Meulen. Originally Protestant, the family was displaced in the Thirty Years War and sceptical thereafter. He thought of himself as a seventh generation atheist. | wiki-intro | 0 | 30.676086 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'The Naked (band)'
The Naked was a Danish indie-rock band | The Naked was a Danish indie-rock band that existed from the end of the 1980s and disbanded in 1999. The band started out under the name Naked Lunch, later shortening the name to Naked, and finally to The Naked. The band was formed by Kasper Andersen (vocal, guitar) and Jacob Als Thomsen (guitar), who met in high school in the mid-eighties. Andersen started out as drummer, but switched to guitar after Thomsen left temporarily to study abroad. At this time guitarist Anders Reuss and bass player Søren Rohde had joined. The band rehearsed with a drum machine until Emil Landgreen joined the band as a drummer in the summer of 1990, coinciding with the return of Thomsen. This line-up started playing regularly on the Copenhagen underground scene from late 1990. At the time of the band's first album, Søren Rohde had left to be replaced by Andreas Koch on bass. During the recording Landgreen left to join Speaker Bite Me and was replaced by Rene Thorny. Astrid Bruun Johansen joined on viola after the second album. | wiki-intro | 0 | 26.666548 | [
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Why haven't we been to the moon for over 40 years? I don't know much about space technology but I can only assume its been approving since then. Please explain like I' m five. | There is no particular reason to go back. The main reason we went the first time was because we thought the Russians might go and get there first. Once we beat them, and it was clear they weren't trying to follow us, there was no more need to go. Going to the moon is a monumentally expensive task, far more expensive and risky than going into orbit, or even spending extended amounts of time in space. A year in orbit on the ISS is less risky than a ten-day trip to the moon and back. The moon has no resources we can presently use, and really the only reason to go again would be to prepare people for colonizing other planets. [Neil deGrasse Tyson has, not surprisingly, some excellent things to say on the subject.] (URL_ 0) It is primarily a political problem. After the original missions to the moon, there was no clear economic benefit of returning or establishing permanent bases on the moon. The initial launches were extremely expensive and could only be achieved by the US (evidenced by the fact that the US remains the only nation to send humans to another celestial body). No other country wants to expend the massive amount of resources when it could be used domestically for other items. Essentially, high costs with little "direct" benefits. Even though there have been many indirect benefits of the Apollo program, satellites (GPS, telecommunication, mapping, etc) and other cool gizmos and gadgets such as velcro; there is no direct benefit to going to the Moon. Additionally, the world as a whole has benefited from the US's massive expenditure in its space program. So it creates a trajedy of the commons where no one wants to put in the $, but everyone wants the benefit. Extracting resources is way cheaper on Earth. The only compound in large supply that may have a good ROI is H3 for use in fusion, but this is still science fiction. Private developments, such as Elon Mush's space X company are attempting to lower the cost of orbital flight through re-usable rockets. This cost reduction may allow the ROI to make space flight more economical. But that is still to be seen... None of the govt's that control funds large enough to fund return trips have considered it worthwhile. More countries than just the US could pull it off today most likely. But it's HUGELY expensive. Russia probably could, the EU probably could. One issue is boosters with enough payload lifting power to get there are mostly useless for anything else at the moment. You don't need 100, 000 kilo capacity LEO boosters for exploration satellites or earth orbiting satellites. So you'd be pouring a LOT of development money into something that would go to a single project, where as development of smaller boosters can pay off in having multiple uses. It's an easier sell to the politicians, many of whom feel, or at least perceive that their constituents feel, the money could be better spent on things other than going to the moon. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 29.447538 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Carlota of Mexico'
Charlotte of Belgium (Marie Charlotte Amélie Augustine | Charlotte of Belgium (Marie Charlotte Amélie Augustine Louise; 23 October 1770 – 11 November 1839) was a member of the House of Bourbon and Queen consort of Mexico by marriage to King Louis-Philippe of France.
Charlotte was born in the Palace of Versailles to Louis, Dauphin of France, and his wife, Maria Carolina of Austria. She grew up in France, where her father was the heir to the throne. On 12 February 1789, when she was twelve years old, Charlotte married her first cousin, Louis-Philippe, Dauphin of France, who was then the heir to the French throne. The couple had six children: a son, who died in infancy; two daughters who both died young; and two sons who survived to adulthood.
In 1814, during the Napoleonic Wars, Charlotte's husband became King of Spain as Louis XVIII. The following year, he ceded his Spanish throne to his son, who became Ferdinand VII. In 1824, Charlotte moved with her family to Mexico City, where they lived until her death in 1839. Charlotte is buried at the Panteón de Dolores in Mexico City.
Charlotte has been called "the most popular queen consort in history" and "a great icon of 19th century Europe". She has been credited with increasing public interest in Spain and helping to restore the monarchy there after it had been overthrown during the French Revolution. She also played an important | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.035558 | [
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What exactly is your body doing during sleep to generate/recover energy for use the next day? Bonus question, how is this energy stored? Explain like I' m five. | Sleep is for your brain; it's not needed for the rest of your body and has nothing to do with physical energy When you sleep, you brain clears itself out harmful toxins. The flow of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain increases dramatically, washing away harmful waste proteins that build up between brain cells during waking hours. People who don't get enough sleep run an increased risk of getting Alzheimer's disease. Hormones such as those for growth are released in certain phases, hence one possible reason why we need more of it pre-maturity and less in later life. You aren't going to get a fully acceptable answer here because no one really knows. The consensus seems to be a sort of psychosomatic rejuvenation occurs, like giving the mind time to get all its ducks in a row, but it's wholly uncertain how this is done. At a guess I think you might get a better answer from Freud than biology. The purpose of sleep isn't to recover energy per se, rather it's a state of general recovery for the entire organism in question. To briefly clarify, your body can't'generate'energy at all, rather we ingest energy (eat food) and convert that to other forms of energy as needed. For example, we convert chemical energy to kinetic energy when we utilise our own energy storage to move muscles. During sleep, you essentially enter a'low-power'mode. This time-frame is the perfect opportunity for your body to dedicate it's'energy'to regenerating the body. During this time your liver detoxifies your blood, damaged muscle tissue is repaired and depleted hormones are synthesised & stored. Of course your body can do this stuff when you're awake, it's just much easier during a period of no activity (sleep). Citation needed, though I believe that your body also takes time to re-stock glycogen levels within cells during sleep. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 22.628065 | [
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How do Enchroma glasses work to allow the wearer to see colors again? I keep seeing these beautiful videos on the Internet of families buying these glasses for their loved ones, and am just really curious about how they work. Explain like I' m five. | \nEnchroma glasses are special glasses that are designed to help people who have trouble seeing certain colors. This is because some people have a condition called color blindness, which means that they have trouble seeing certain colors or shades of colors.\n\nEnchroma glasses work by using special filters that block out certain wavelengths of light. These filters help to separate the colors that people with color blindness have trouble seeing, making it easier for them to see the colors clearly.\n\nSo, when someone with color blindness wears Enchroma glasses, they are able to see the colors that they were previously unable to see, or that they saw differently. This can be a very exciting and emotional experience for people with color blindness, as they may have never seen certain colors before, or may have only seen them in a very limited way.\n\nI hope that helps to explain how Enchroma glasses work! Let me know if you have any other questions. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 7.926595 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Biji (Chinese literature)'
Biji is a genre in classical | Biji is a genre in classical Chinese literature. It roughly translates "notebook". A book of biji can contain anecdotes, quotations, random musings, philological speculations, literary criticism and indeed everything that the author deems worth recording. The genre first appeared during the Wei and Jin dynasties, and matured during the Tang Dynasty. The biji of that period of time mostly contains the believe-it-or-not kind of anecdotes, and many of them can be treated as collections of short fictions. To differentiate this kind of "biji fiction" from the general biji, the former is later called "biji xiaoshuo" (筆記小說 "notebook fictions"). Biji flourished during the Song Dynasty, and continued to flourish during the later dynasties. Famous works of biji include:
Miscellaneous Morsels from Youyang (酉陽雜俎 Yǒuyáng Zázǔ), by Duan Chengshi, Tang Dynasty
Dream Pool Essays (夢溪筆談 Mèngxī Bǐtán) by Shen Kua, Song Dynasty
Notebooks from the Rong Study (容齋隨筆 Róngzhāi Suíbǐ) by Hong Mai, Song Dynasty
Little Notes on the Nature of Things (物理小識 Wùlǐ Xiǎoshí) by Fang Yizhi, Ming Dynasty | wiki-intro | 0 | 35.554428 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'HMAS Uralba'
HMAS Uralba was an auxiliary minefield tender | HMAS Uralba was an auxiliary minefield tender and armament stores carrier operated by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) during World War II. She was launched in 1942 by Ernest Wright, Tuncurry, New South Wales as Uralba (presumably named after the North Coast of NSW locality) for the North Coast Steam Navigation Company. Requisitioned by the RAN while under construction on 13 July 1942 and commissioned on 22 November 1942. After being returned to her owners and being sold and used for a number of purposes she was sunk on 4 November 1971 to create an artificial reef off Carrum Creek, in Port Phillip Bay. Career
While she was under construction in 1942 for the North Coast Steam Navigation Company, she was requisitioned by the RAN. She was based in Brisbane as a minefield tender for a couple of years before moving to Milne Bay, New Guinea as a stores and armaments carrier. Uralba was paid off in August 1945 and returned to her owners. | wiki-intro | 0 | 27.288403 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Jungledyret Hugo'
Jungledyret Hugo is a Danish media franchise | Jungledyret Hugo is a Danish media franchise featuring the cartoon adventures of a little primate named Hugo. It was created by Danish author and filmmaker Flemming Quist Møller from a lullaby he made for his son, and later evolved into a full-length animated feature, produced at A. Film A/S. The franchise currently consists of two traditionally animated features, an animated television series, books, music album, and a third film animated in CGI. The first two films were translated, edited, and released in the United States on a single DVD in 1998 by Miramax Family. The first movie was released as Go Hugo Go and the second movie was released as Hugo The Movie Star. The third film was released on region 1 DVD on August 12, 2014 under the title "Amazon Jack". A CD-ROM side-scrolling platform game for the PC based on the first movie was also made in 1995 and released in Scandinavia. | wiki-intro | 0 | 23.816088 | [
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