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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Robin Meloy Goldsby'
Robin Meloy Goldsby is an American pianist, | Robin Meloy Goldsby is an American pianist, composer and conductor.
Goldsby was born in West Palm Beach, Florida, to a musical family. Her mother, Patricia (née Hopkins), is an accomplished violinist and voice teacher; her father, Raymond Goldsby, is an acclaimed jazz trumpeter and composer. She began taking piano lessons at age four and soon showed a natural gift for the instrument.
Goldsby attended the Juilliard School of Music in New York City, where she studied with Rosalyn Tureck and Lynn Harrell. She subsequently won several prestigious awards, including the prestigious Avery Fisher Prize in 1992. In 2007 she was appointed the first-ever Artist-in-Residence at Temple University's Fox School of Music and Theater.
Goldsby has performed all over the world, appearing with such renowned orchestras as the London Symphony Orchestra, the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra, the Boston Symphony Orchestra and the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra. Her recordings include both classical and popular works; her most acclaimed album to date is her 2005 release of Leonard Bernstein's symphonic poem "A Quiet Place".
Goldsby has also been a prolific composer. Her works have been performed by such leading ensembles as the Philadelphia Orchestra, the New York Philharmonic and the Dallas Symphony Orchestra. In 2004 she was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship for her composition "The River: A New Musical", which was premiered by the New York Philharmonic under James Levine | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.405685 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Intelligent falling'
Intelligent falling (IF) is a parody of | Intelligent falling (IF) is a parody of the intelligent design (ID) movement. It is a deliberately pseudoscientific supernatural explanation of the effects of gravity. The joke originated on Usenet, and has appeared in several online parodies. An article about Intelligent Falling in The Onion described free fall as being caused by "the hand of God". Intelligent falling proposes that the scientific explanation of gravitational force cannot explain all aspects of the phenomenon, so credence should be given to the idea that things fall because a higher intelligence is moving them. Furthermore, IF asserts that theories explaining gravity are not internally consistent nor mathematically reconcilable with quantum mechanics, making gravity a "theory in crisis". IF also makes the claim that gravity is "only a theory", parodying the claims made by creationists regarding the theoretical status of evolution. IF apologists jokingly advocate that IF should be taught in school along with the theory of gravity so that students can make "an informed decision" on the subject, in a parody of the demands to "teach the controversy". | wiki-intro | 0 | 21.486856 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Bone Against Steel'
Bone Against Steel is the ninth studio | Bone Against Steel is the ninth studio album by British heavy metal band Judas Priest, released on 22 November 2009. It is the band's first album with new drummer Scott Travis and the last to feature bassist Glenn Tipton.
The album was recorded at the band's own studios in Birmingham and produced by Rick Rubin. The lyrics were written by frontman Rob Halford, with input from guitarist K.K. Downing and drummer Scott Travis.
The band started working on the album in early 2008 and began recording in February that year. The album's first single, "Fade to Black", was released in October 2008 and reached number one on the UK Rock Chart. The second single, "Beyond the Realms of Death", was released in January 2009 and reached number two on the UK Rock Chart. The album was released on 22 November 2009 in Europe and 1 December 2009 in the United States.
"Bone Against Steel" received mixed reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has received an average score of 56, based on 8 reviews.
Allmusic editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine called it "a competent heavy metal album, but one that doesn't quite hit the mark" and said that it "doesn't quite recapture their early fire." He also criticized Halford's vocals for sounding "a little tired." In a more positive review, Sputnikmusic critic Alex Henderson called it a return to | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.229603 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Shinji Kajio'
is a Japanese author of science fiction | is a Japanese author of science fiction and fantasy. The film Yomigaeri is based on Kajio's novel of the same name and he also co-wrote the manga (2008, "The Memory of Emanon") series with Kenji Tsuruta (who additionally illustrated the series), which was serialized in Monthly Comic Ryu. The manga is based on his 1983 short story of the same title and became the beginning of his long-running series of "Emanon" short stories (1983-2017+), about a mysterious girl born 3 billion years ago (and whose name is "No name" backwards). In 1917, he made his pro debut after his book, Pearls for Mia (美亜へ贈る真珠, Mia e Okuru Shinjyu) was published by Hayakawa Publishing Co (早川書房, Hayakawa Syobou). He won the 1991 Nihon SF Taisho Award. Works in English translation
"Reiko's Universe Box" (Speculative Japan, Kurodahan Press, 2007)
"Emanon: A Reminiscence" (Speculative Japan 2, Kurodahan Press, 2011)
"The Husk Heir" (Vampiric: Tales of Blood and Roses from Japan, Kurodahan Press, 2019) | wiki-intro | 0 | 31.475416 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Kino Flo'
Kino Flo is a manufacturer of professional | Kino Flo is a manufacturer of professional motion picture projection equipment. The company was founded in 1934 by Walter Kino and his son-in-law, Kurt Neumann.
Kino Flo offers equipment for both large and small theaters, as well as for home use. The company's products are used by film festivals, museums, and other institutions around the world. Kino Flo also produces training materials and sells installation services.
The company's headquarters are in Cologne, Germany. | wiki-intro | 1 | 4.553961 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'James Colnett'
James Colnett (1753 – 1 September 1806) | James Colnett (1753 – 1 September 1806) was an English artist and engraver, who was best known for his illustrations of the novels of Charles Dickens.
Born in 1753 in the town of Ottery St Mary in Devon, Colnett was the son of a weaver. He began his artistic career as an apprentice to a bookseller, but soon turned to engraving. In 1781 he was appointed art master at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, a post he held until his death. Among his students were George Morland and John Flaxman.
Colnett's most famous work is his illustrations for the novels of Charles Dickens. He began working on these in 1805 and completed them just weeks before his death in 1806. These illustrations are noted for their skillful use of light and shadow, as well as for their humor and humanistic outlook. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.247055 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Kevin Lofton'
Kevin Lofton is an American college basketball | Kevin Lofton is an American college basketball coach and the current head coach at Missouri State University. He has been the head coach at Missouri State since the 2007-08 season.
Lofton played college basketball at Illinois and then professionally in Europe. He then became an assistant coach at Missouri and was promoted to head coach in 2007-08. Lofton has led the Bears to four NCAA Tournament appearances, including a trip to the Elite Eight in 2016. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.659457 | [
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Why do computer air-dusters get cold? Title says it all, why does my air-duster get freezing cold after using it? Explain like I' m five. | When gas expands, it cools down. It's sort of because the molecules are a lot less crowded together (you can imagine how hot and stuffy you feel in a crowded subway car, and then you feel a lot cooler once you have some space). This is actually the premise behind how your refrigerator and air conditioner work. Your air can is actually acting like a personal AC unit! Both answers already given were actually correct, but are missing one major point: The gas in the can is not normal air, but some kind of easily compressable gas ([source] (URL_ 0)). It has also such a high pressure, that it is liquid. Every material that changes its state from liquid to gaseous (or from solid to liquid) requires some additional heat. If the pressure in the can decreases, the boiling point of the liquid decreases, and some liquid boils away (in the process sucking some heat from the can, which gets cold). The amount of liquid that boils away is the gas that you let out from the can + the amount needed to get to the pressure before. This way there is always a constant pressure in the can until there is no more liquid in the can left. Gas lighters work much the same, but there the amount of gas the you let out is (normally) so small that you don't notice the cooling effect. Some kids fool around and open the valves of gas lighters all the way (don't try, because its dangerous), the result is also a noticeable cooling of the lighter (+ a lot of flammable gas. Did I tell you to not try it?). To add on to watabit: When you spray air from the can, no other air is getting into the can, and the can doesn't shrink or crumple. Result = the air remaining in the can now has more room to move around in, which means the gas is expanding, which means it cools down. After a few seconds, the outside air has warmed up the can. It does this by adding energy to the air inside the can, which makes the molecules move around a lot more, which makes it "feel crowded" in the can again, which means it's no longer cold. Contrast this with a leaky balloon. Air is escaping the balloon, but the balloon shrinks, so the air inside is still as "crowded" as it was before, so the balloon does NOT get cold. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 23.147741 | [
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First time investing in real-estate, looks decent? | This might be a good idea, depending on your personality and inclinations. Key points: How close is the building to you? Do not buy any building that is more than 20 minutes travel from where you are. Do you have any real hard experience with doing construction, building maintenance and repair? Do you have tools? Example: do you have a reciprocating saw? do you know what a reciprocating saw is? If your answer to both those questions is "no", think twice about acquiring a property that involves renovation. Renovation costs can be crushing, especially for someone who is not an experienced carpenter and electrician. Take your estimates of costs and quadruple them. Can you still afford it? Do you want to be a landlord? Being a landlord is a job. You will be called in the middle of the night by tenants who want their toilet to get fixed and stuff like that. Is that what you want to spend your time doing, driving 20 minutes to change lightbulbs and fix toilets? | hc3-finance | 0 | 18.299374 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Electric fish'
An electric fish is any fish that | An electric fish is any fish that can generate electric fields. A fish that can generate electric fields is called electrogenic while a fish that has the ability to detect electric fields is called electroreceptive. Most electrogenic fish are also electroreceptive. The only group of electrogenic fish who are not electroreceptive come from the family Uranoscopidae. Electric fish species can be found both in the ocean and in freshwater rivers of South America (Gymnotiformes) and Africa (Mormyridae). Many fish such as sharks, rays and catfishes can detect electric fields and are thus electroreceptive, but they are not classified as electric fish because they cannot generate electricity. Most common bony fish (teleosts), including most fish kept in aquaria or caught for food, are neither electrogenic nor electroreceptive. Electric fish produce their electrical fields from a specialized structure called an electric organ. This is made up of modified muscle or nerve cells, which became specialized for producing bioelectric fields stronger than those that normal nerves or muscles produce, primarily for communication and predator defense or navigation. Evidence suggests that this organ evolved independently from muscular tissue. Typically this organ is located in the tail of the electric fish due to a possible need for rigid fixation in order for the electrodes within the organ to function. The electrical output of the organ is called the electric organ discharge, or EOD. EOD’s are typically functionally divided among electric fish. There are two types, pulse and wave, both originating from ancient evolutionary divergences in niche occupancy. EODs also have been observed to produce species-specific patterns or different electric signal/waveform patterns according to their functions. | wiki-intro | 0 | 27.688286 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Robert Hall House'
The Robert Hall House is a historic | The Robert Hall House is a historic 1830s home on the Walnut Branch. The house was the residence of the early ranger, Robert Hall (1814–1899). It is among the oldest structures still standing in Seguin, Texas. Hall had moved to Texas in 1835 and served with the crew of the Yellowstone during the Texas Revolution. He later joined the regular Texas Army for a six month term on June 1, 1836. He would join the Texas Rangers located near Seguin, who were commanded by Mathew Caldwell, Jack Coffee Hays and Benjamin McCulloch. In 1838, Hall and other rangers co-founded the city of Seguin. Hall married Mary Minerva "Polly" King, a daughter of Colonel John Gladden King and built his home beside the Walnut Branch at what is the northwest corner of present-day Travis and Nolte Streets. From this location he could walk northward along the Walnut Branch and check on his fellow rangers at the Walnut Branch Ranger Station (which was located near the present-day intersection of Court and Guadalupe Streets). Hall also served in the Texas-Indian Wars, Mexican Invasions of Texas, Mexican American War and American Civil War. | wiki-intro | 0 | 24.456881 | [
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How do airlines get caught up during massive storms like the one across the US right now? Sitting in the airport right now and wondering what all is happening. What happens to the people whose flights get canceled? Explain like I' m five. | > Question: When weather causes thousands of flights to be canceled at once, it must cause a nationwide chain-reaction. How do airlines handle such massive shifting of aircraft after storms? > * * Answer: It is very difficult. When the weather causes major disruptions, the airlines bring in extra help in their dispatch centers. This is known as irregular operations or irregular ops. * * > * * Airplanes, passengers, cargo and crew members are in the wrong place. In addition, scheduled maintenance can not be performed when the airplane is in the wrong location. The dispatchers, schedulers, maintenance planners and passenger assistance specialists work together to minimize the effect on the airline. These professionals are highly skilled at rebuilding the operation as quickly as possible. Sometimes the rebuilding takes days and results in major delays for passengers, but it is amazing to see how quickly they can get the airline operating normally. * * [Source, includes more answers] (URL_ 0) Last April there was a big storm, lasting days, in Atlanta. That ’ s Delta ’ s hub. It caused major delays throughout the country that went on for like a week or more. It did n’ t even matter if you were n’ t going anywhere near Atlanta. Since so many Delta planes went through Atlanta, passengers in other areas had no planes to use because so many planes were not where they were supposed to be. The anger people felt may have made more of an impact on national news except that right when it started happening, in a “ Delta is going to have the worst PR of any airline this year but then UnitedAirlines said ‘ hold my beer ” moment, United had that incident where they dragged that screaming doctor off a plane and gave him a concussion and knocked out his teeth. Experience. They cancel flights to make sure planes are where they can be used to recover once done, they call in reserve crews and they use excess capacity (although there ’ s not much) to clear back log. Source: fly over 100k miles a year and have seen all sorts of storms-from hurricanes to blizzards to whatever. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 43.696945 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Oracle Team USA'
Oracle Team USA is an American yacht | Oracle Team USA is an American yacht racing team. It was founded in 1997 by Craig Breslow and Vinny Bellini. The team is headquartered in Marina del Rey, California.
Oracle Team USA has won the America's Cup twice, in 2003 and 2017. | wiki-intro | 1 | 12.651696 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Angelicum School Iloilo'
Angelicum School Iloilo is a private, Catholic | Angelicum School Iloilo is a private, Catholic school in Iloilo City, Philippines. It offers pre-school, elementary, and high school education.
Angelicum School Iloilo was founded in 2006 by the Sisters of the Angelicum order. The school is located at the corner of Osmeña Boulevard and Cabildo Road in Iloilo City. It has a student population of around 350 students from pre-school to high school.
The school's curriculum is based on the Dominican educational model. The school offers a full range of secondary education including Science, Mathematics, English, Filipino, History, Civics and Economics.
The school has a strong emphasis on Christian values and morals. The school also offers a variety of extracurricular activities such as drama and music production.
The school has received positive reviews from parents and students for its affordable tuition rates, Christian values taught in the school, and strong emphasis on academics. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.008786 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Zenith Jones Brown'
Zenith Jones Brown (December 8, 1898 – | Zenith Jones Brown (December 8, 1898 – February 11, 1980) was an American artist and art teacher.
Zenith Jones Brown was born in 1898 in Knoxville, Tennessee. She started her artistic training at the age of ten, studying with the painter James Knox Polk. After graduating from high school, she studied art at the University of Tennessee and then at the Maryland Institute College of Art.
Brown's first notable success came in 1928, when she exhibited her work at the National Academy of Design. From 1930 to 1934, she taught at the University of Kansas, where she was also director of the arts program. In 1935 she moved to New York City and became a full-time artist. She continued to exhibit her work throughout her life, and won numerous awards including a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1961. Brown died in 1980. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.477402 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Rasikkum Seemane'
Rasikkum Seemane is a 2010 Indian Tamil-language | Rasikkum Seemane is a 2010 Indian Tamil-language thriller film written and directed by R. K. Vidhyadaran. Produced by Thirumalai though the Trans India banner, the film stars Srikanth, Navya Nair and Aravind Akash in the lead roles. The music was composed by Vijay Antony with cinematography by M. V. Panneerselvam and editing by Suresh M. Kothi. The film was released on 12 February 2010, after two years of being stalled, to negative reviews. Plot
The film starts with two 10-year-old boys, Nandhu (Srikanth) and Aravind (Aravind Akash), arguing heatedly about Gayathri (Navya Nair) and who loves her the most. As the young girl herself remarks, they are all only in seventh standard, and claims she will only fall in love with whoever happens to become a doctor. In the meantime, Gayathri's father is transferred elsewhere, while Nandhu's father commits suicide after killing his mother. Nandhu is taken care of his father's closest friend (R. K. Vidyadharan) and as he cannot afford to help the kid become a doctor, he hatches a plan to become a professional blackmailer. A dozen years later, you've got an adult Nandhu who is a student and professional blackmailer, now operating under the aegis of his guru and his associate (Sathyan). Until Gayathri reemerges, but for Nandhu's distraught, she has already met Aravind, who actually has become a doctor. Realisation comes to Nandhu slowly, but when all his plans to stop them falling in love backfire, he decides to take some drastic action, blackmailing her into eloping with him, but it never occurs to him to marry her. | wiki-intro | 0 | 27.852165 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Bad Weather'
"Bad Weather" is a song recorded and | "Bad Weather" is a song recorded and released as a single by Motown vocal group The Supremes in 1973. It was composed by Stevie Wonder and Lynda Laurence's brother Ira Tucker Jr., and produced by Wonder. The song was then-lead singer Jean Terrell's last charted single as a member of the Supremes and the second and last time Laurence was featured on a Supremes single. Recording
By 1973, the Supremes' records were doing poorly in the charts. At that point, the lineup of Jean Terrell, Cindy Birdsong and Mary Wilson had splintered because of Birdsong's pregnancy. When recording for the group's 1972 album, Floy Joy wrapped up, Birdsong left on maternity leave and was temporarily replaced by former Wonderlove background singer, Lynda Laurence. Although Birdsong was featured on every track, Laurence appeared on the cover of the album. This lineup set about recording The Supremes Produced and Arranged by Jimmy Webb, but it also sold poorly in spite of good reviews. Undaunted, Laurence asked Wonder, her former mentor, to help the group find a new sound. Wonder concocted the single "Bad Weather" using a funkier sound that the group had been accustomed to, and is reported to have recorded a few more songs with the trio (such as "Soft Days", whose demo recording circulates in bootleg copies) for a future unreleased album project. | wiki-intro | 0 | 30.24283 | [
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if art is subjective, why is Hitler's work always described as "average"? Isn't that for me to decide? Explain like I' m five. | Art is subjective, which means that different people can have different opinions about it. Some people might think that Hitler's work is really good, while others might think it is not very good. The important thing is that everyone is entitled to their own opinion about art. Just because someone says that Hitler's work is average doesn't mean that you have to agree with them. You can look at the art and decide for yourself what you think about it. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 5.302419 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'CHNI-FM'
CHNI-FM (88.9 MHz) is a Canadian FM | CHNI-FM (88.9 MHz) is a Canadian FM radio station, licensed to Pincher Creek, Alberta and serving the area around Grande Prairie. The station is owned by Golden West Broadcasting.
The station was originally assigned the call letters CFQX by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) in 1977. The station was renamed CHNI-FM on May 24, 1984.
The station airs a hot adult contemporary format. | wiki-intro | 1 | 12.105323 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'High Times'
High Times is an American monthly magazine | High Times is an American monthly magazine and cannabis brand with offices in Los Angeles and New York City. Founded in 1974 by Tom Forçade, the magazine advocates the legalization of cannabis as well as other counterculture ideas. Origins
The magazine was founded in 1974 by Tom Forçade of the Underground Press Syndicate. From 1974 to 2016, High Times was published by Trans High Corporation (THC). High Times was originally meant to be a joke: a single-issue lampoon of Playboy, substituting marijuana for sex. The magazine was at the beginning funded by drug money from the sale of illegal marijuana. But the magazine found an audience, and in November 2009, celebrated its 35th anniversary. Like Playboy, each issue contains a centerfold photo; however, instead of a nude woman, High Times typically features a cannabis plant. The magazine's founding editor was Ed Dwyer (who had earlier written the text of the Woodstock music festival program booklet as well as the Woodstock film program booklet). | wiki-intro | 0 | 26.789875 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'BRB Internacional'
BRB Internacional S.A.U is a Spanish licensing | BRB Internacional S.A.U is a Spanish licensing company specialising in the production and distribution of merchandising products related to popular culture, such as toys, games, clothing and accessories.
Founded in 1984, BRB Internacional is one of the oldest and most respected Spanish licensing companies. Its wide range of products, which include toys, games, clothing and accessories, are marketed across Europe and Latin America. BRB Internacional has a strong presence in Spain, where it licenses products from leading international brands including Disney, Hasbro, Mattel and Lego. The company also has a strong presence in Latin America, where it licenses products from leading international brands including Barbie, Disney Junior and Nickelodeon. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.509297 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Rabindra Puraskar'
The Rabindra Puraskar or the Rabindra Smriti | The Rabindra Puraskar or the Rabindra Smriti Puraskar is an annual award instituted by the Government of India in memory of the Bengali composer Rabindranath Tagore. The award is given in various categories, including music, literature, and the arts.
Rabindra Puraskar was instituted on the occasion of the centenary year of Rabindranath Tagore's death in 1971. The award is given in various categories, including music, literature, and the arts. The award is one of the highest civilian honours conferred by the Government of India.
The Rabindra Puraskar has been awarded annually since 1971 to persons for their outstanding contribution to art and culture. The recipients are selected by a committee constituted by the Ministry of Culture, Government of India. The Rabindra Puraskar has been awarded in five categories: music, literature, painting and sculpture, architecture and design, and performing arts. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.154898 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Junior technician'
Junior technician (Jnr Tech or formerly J/T) | Junior technician (Jnr Tech or formerly J/T) is a junior level technician position in the technical field. Junior technicians usually have a lower level of experience and training than experienced technicians, but may have gained some experience through apprenticeship or on-the-job training.
Junior technicians may work on a wide range of tasks in a technical field, including installation, maintenance, repair, and troubleshooting. They may also be involved in research and development activities. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.426118 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Mycena galericulata'
Mycena galericulata is a mushroom species commonly | Mycena galericulata is a mushroom species commonly found in North America. It is a member of the family Mycenaceae, and is found in both deciduous and coniferous forests. It is a popular edible mushroom, and is used in a variety of dishes. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.755983 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Jesse M. Williams'
Jesse Milton Williams (January 11, 1831 – | Jesse Milton Williams (January 11, 1831 – October 22, 1897) was an American politician who served as the 25th Governor of Arkansas from 1881 to 1883. He also served in the United States Senate from 1881 to 1897.
Williams was born on January 11, 1831, in Carroll County, Arkansas, to Jesse and Jane (née Moore) Williams. He attended the common schools and graduated from Centenary College in 1855. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1856. Williams practiced law in Carroll County until 1861, when he entered the Confederate Army as a private and fought in the American Civil War. After the war, he resumed his legal practice and served as county attorney for Carroll County from 1865 to 1871.
Williams was elected as a Democrat to the Forty-seventh Congress (March 4, 1881 – March 3, 1883). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1882 to the Forty-eighth Congress.
Williams was elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1880 and served until his death on October 22, 1897. In Congress, he was chairman of the Committee on Pensions (Fifty-second through Fifty-ninth Congresses) and chairman of the Committee on Territories (Fifty-second through Fifty-eighth Congresses). He also served on the Committee on Ways and Means (Fifty-ninth through Sixtieth Congresses), the Committee on Finance (Sixty-first through Seventieth Congresses), | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.060918 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Switched-On Brandenburgs'
Switched-On Brandenburgs is a 1980 double album | Switched-On Brandenburgs is a 1980 double album by Wendy Carlos. It was the seventh album released by Carlos, and the fourth album in her project of classical music which also included Switched-On Bach (1968), The Well-Tempered Synthesizer (1969), Switched-On Bach II (1974), and Switched-On Bach 2000 (1992). It was the first album she released under the name of Wendy Carlos rather than Walter Carlos. Switched-On Brandenburgs is a collection of all six of Bach's Brandenburg Concertos performed by Carlos on her Moog modular synthesizer. Concerti #1, (most of) #2, and #6 were recorded specifically for the album. Concerti #3, #4, and #5 had been previously released on Switched-On Bach, The Well-Tempered Synthesizer, and Switched-On Bach II respectively (though the second movement of #3 was re-recorded for this release). The first movement of the Second Concerto had been recorded for the album By Request, released in 1975, however an updated mix is on this album. | wiki-intro | 0 | 19.050894 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Morning Diaries'
Morning Diaries (, tr. Yomane boḳer) is | Morning Diaries (, tr. Yomane boḳer) is a 2017 Hebrew poem by Israeli filmmaker and actress Michal Bat-Adam, her first venture into the medium. It is accompanied by still photographs taken by Bat-Adam and her late father, Adam Rubin. Reception
Haaretz critic , who noted the influence of haiku, argued that the book is "incredibly aesthetic," underscored that "it seems to have been written throughout a long period," and, stated that the effect of the poetry and still photography together "creates in one's imagination a cinematic scene," for, he asserted, "the photographs are a transparent reality." He further wrote that the reading created an "experience of sadness, loneliness, and, alienation," and, claimed that the book's themes of domesticity are "very Israeli and very Tel Avivian," as, he further opined, "when one stands before honest, day-to-day, non-mawkish poetry of loneliness, one cannot but identify with it, because this is loneliness without hope for salvation, so, all that remains, is, at the end of the day, to describe reality in a diary." He concluded by saying that "the sadness is tender, the photography even more, and, in the end, the reader takes a deep breath, happy that the poetry touched him and that the encounter with sadness is over." | wiki-intro | 0 | 41.59322 | [
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Can I pay a loan under someone else' s name? (assume the dispenser of the loan is malicious) | It is generally not legal to pay a loan under someone else's name without their knowledge and consent. This is because loans involve a legal agreement between the lender and the borrower, and only the borrower is responsible for repaying the loan. Paying a loan under someone else's name without their knowledge or consent could be considered fraud, which is a criminal offense.Additionally, borrowing money under false pretenses is not only unethical, but it could also have serious consequences for the person whose name is being used. For example, if the loan is not repaid, the lender may try to collect the debt from the person whose name was used, even if they had nothing to do with the loan. This could damage their credit and financial reputation.If you are facing financial difficulty and are considering borrowing money, it is important to be honest and upfront about your circumstances. There may be options available to help you manage your debt, such as negotiating with your lender for more favorable terms or seeking the assistance of a financial advisor or credit counselor. It is always better to explore legal and ethical options for managing your debts rather than resorting to fraudulent or deceptive practices. | hc3-finance | 1 | 8.103474 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Abdus Salam Award'
The Abdus Salam Award (sometimes called the | The Abdus Salam Award (sometimes called the Nobel Prize for Physics) is an annual award given by the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) "for achievements in theoretical physics".
The Abdus Salam Award was established in 1978 by the Pakistan Academy of Sciences, with a donation from the late Pakistani physicist Abdus Salam. It is named for him, and is the highest honour that the IUPAP can bestow on a scientist. The award is presented at the IUPAP's General Assembly every two years. The prize money is US$50,000.
The Abdus Salam Award has been awarded to 11 physicists since its inception, including eight winners of the Nobel Prize in Physics. The first recipient of the Abdus Salam Award was Sheldon Glashow. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.090454 | [
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Why is it so much easier to kill flies with a swatter than it is with your hand? would love some answers! thanks Please explain like I' m five. | It has to do with the cushion of air your hand creates. The pressure of that air cushion gives a warning to the fly to skiddaddle. A fly swatter has all these holes that keep that cushion of air from alerting the fly. Wow none of these answers actually get it. This takes from 8th grade physics knowledge, so I might have to ELY13. Levers are a type of mechanism that moves up and down/back and forth, staying stationary and one end and moving on the other. One lever moves at a certain rate, but give that lever a friend and it can move twice as fast. Now, your arm is a series of these levers. For each degree of a lever, you increase speed exponentially (meaning, it is multiplied by itself). You can hit something with your elbow at a certain rate, you can back hand someone at twice that rate, and if you're throwing something you can let it roll off you fingers to theoretically make it move 64 times as fast as it would if it were being moved with only your elbow (the joints in your fingers count, too). The point at your wrist is a third degree lever, meaning if you're moving your wrist while moving your arm and forearm, you will be going 8 times faster than you would be if just moving your arm. Now, in comes the answer to your question, on why it's easier to kill flies with a flyswatter. Flies see you coming. They can react faster than you. If you're trying to kill one with your hand, you probably won't succeed, because you only have the speed of your arm and forearm. Add in the flyswatter and that speed is at least doubled, because now you can use all three parts of your arm. The fly doesn't have as much time to react to you hitting it with a flyswatter as it does to your hand alone. * a swatter increases your reach * because it is lighter and has holes, it can travel faster while disturbing less air * you don't worry about getting fly guts on your hand, hurting your hand, or breaking whatever the fly has landed on | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 29.799068 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Parasomnia (film)'
Parasomnia is an independent horror film directed | Parasomnia is an independent horror film directed by Riccardo Freda and produced by Paolo Freda. The film stars Tony Curran, Sarah Greene, and Aidan Gillen. It is set for release on DVD and Blu-ray on October 5th, 2017.
Parasomnia is a film about a family struggling to cope with the aftermath of a young girl's death. The father (Tony Curran) is a detective investigating the girl's death, while the mother (Sarah Greene) is trying to cope with her own mental health issues. The daughter (Aidan Gillen) is trying to come to terms with her sister's death, while the son (Luca Pizzoli) is trying to deal with his own personal demons. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.902901 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Naomi Weisstein'
Naomi Weisstein (October 16, 1939 – March | Naomi Weisstein (October 16, 1939 – March 18, 2016)[1] was an American mathematician, notable for her work in algebra, number theory and geometry.
Weisstein was born in 1939 in Brooklyn, New York to Russian Jewish immigrants. She earned her undergraduate degree from the University of California, Berkeley in 1961, and her doctorate from the University of Cambridge in 1966.
She spent most of her career at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where she served as a professor from 1978 until her retirement in 2014. She was a fellow of the American Mathematical Society and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Weisstein died on March 18, 2016 at the age of 80. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.050975 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Richard Woolley (filmmaker)'
Richard Woolley (born 1948) is a British | Richard Woolley (born 1948) is a British filmmaker, whose films received recognition in the 1970s and 1980s. Since 1990 he has primarily concentrated on film-related educational activities, and script and novel writing. Life
He was educated at London University, where he co-directed a documentary on attitudes to homosexuality in the aftermath of the UK's Sexual Offences Act 1967, and at the Royal College of Art, where he made a series of experimental shorts. He further developed his cinematic skills whilst on a DAAD artist's bursary in West Berlin, and his two Berlin films – along with a further UK-based film – looked at the relationship of sound and image and the nature of cinematic manipulation in the contexts of 70s Germany (East and West) and 70s Britain. Moving on, in 1978, to incorporate a more conventional narrative style, he made Telling Tales, a film that centred on two couples with opposing interests in an industrial strike. His next film, Brothers and Sisters, made in 1980, at the time of the Yorkshire Ripper investigation, centred on the murder of a prostitute and looked at male attitudes to women across the social spectrum. The film was entered into the 12th Moscow International Film Festival. | wiki-intro | 0 | 24.747784 | [
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Why is gas in the US still so high? Is it because it has to be or because oil companies know we'll buy it regardless or what? Explain like I' m five. | A Brit here, you don't know what high petrol prices are. So here's the thing about gas. Gas is made from oil, and oil is what's called a non-renewable resource. Once we run out of it, it'll be very hard to get more. Oil is a lot of carbon and hydrogen linked together. Kinda like what you do with markers when the teachers not looking. Those carbon chains can be made into a lot of stuff. Plastics, tars, drugs, oil has a lot of uses, but not until it's refined. Refining oil sort of separates it out. Like when you don't want to eat your peas and push them to the side. One of the last things that's made in the refining process is gasoline. So a lot of oil may not make as much gas as you think it would or should. Now, going back to what I said about it being a non renewable resource. The less we have access to the more it'll cost to get it. The harder it is to get, the more expensive it is to get at, and in some cases the more dangerous. Right now we've hit a point where consumption of gas isn't matching the production of oil. This is because there are a lot of people trying to get that gasoline. The US is competing with places like china and Europe to get that gas. That means companies can charge more to sell it to people. Now here's the thing. We really don't know how much oil we'll have access to at any give time. Companies are always trying to drill new wells. New wells are expensive and may not actually strike another good well of oil. This is where something called speculation comes into play. Let's say I have ten barrels of oil. I can make that oil into other stuff and sell it, but you know what I'd be willing to bet that in a few months my ten barrels will be worth what twenty are worth now. If I hold on and sell later I can make more money. This is because as less oil becomes available, the value of what I have goes up. So I'm betting that there will be less in the short term. Now if a lot of people predict this kind of shortage then they'll be hoarding their oil too. If there's less oil there's less gas, if there's less gas I can demand more to get what I want for the tiny bit I have. Add into it the competition for oil between countries and the dwindling access to the resource a bit of hoarding and boom, prices go up and stay up. Edit: done from my phone. Sorry for any typos. Tagging this to see who's willing to explain a complex global commodities market with speculation to a five year old | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 20.774231 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Mirotic (song)'
"Mirotic" (Korean: 주문, Jumun; Japanese: 呪文, Jumon, | "Mirotic" (Korean: 주문, Jumun; Japanese: 呪文, Jumon, lit. "Spell") is a song by South Korean girl group EXO. It was released as the third single from the group's second studio album, EXODUS, on September 12, 2016.
"Mirotic" is a pop song written by EXO members Kim Seung-hyun, Baekhyun and Chanyeol and produced by The Stylistics. It is about a love triangle between a man, a woman and a ghost. Lyrically, it talks about the man's obsession with the woman and how she eventually leaves him for the ghost.
The song received generally positive reviews from music critics who praised its production and the group's vocal performance. "Mirotic" peaked at number 36 on the South Korean Gaon Chart, becoming their third top 40 hit in Korea. The accompanying music video was also well-received, with many calling it one of their best work to date. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.018034 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Nonylphenol'
Nonylphenols are a family of closely related | Nonylphenols are a family of closely related organic compounds composed of phenol bearing a 9 carbon-tail. Nonylphenols can come in numerous structures, all of which may be considered alkylphenols. They are used in manufacturing antioxidants, lubricating oil additives, laundry and dish detergents, emulsifiers, and solubilizers. They are used extensively in epoxy formulation in North America but its use has been phased out in Europe. These compounds are also precursors to the commercially important non-ionic surfactants alkylphenol ethoxylates and nonylphenol ethoxylates, which are used in detergents, paints, pesticides, personal care products, and plastics. Nonylphenol has attracted attention due to its prevalence in the environment and its potential role as an endocrine disruptor and xenoestrogen, due to its ability to act with estrogen-like activity. The estrogenicity and biodegradation heavily depends on the branching of the nonyl sidechain. Nonylphenol has been found to act as an agonist of the GPER (GPR30). Structure and basic properties
Nonylphenols fall into the general chemical category of alkylphenols. The structure of NPs may vary. The nonyl group can be attached to the phenol ring at various locations, usually the 4- and, to lesser extent, the 2-positions, and can be either branched or linear. A branched nonylphenol, 4-nonylphenol, is the most widely produced and marketed nonylphenol. The mixture of nonylphenol isomers is a pale yellow liquid, although the pure compounds are colorless. The nonylphenols are moderately soluble in water but soluble in alcohol. | wiki-intro | 0 | 10.891492 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Andrew Hargrett'
Andrew Joshua Hargrett, Sr. (1879–1932) was a | Andrew Joshua Hargrett, Sr. (1879–1932) was a U.S. Army general who served in World War I, World War II and the Korean War.
Andrew Hargrett was born on September 16, 1879, in Nashville, Tennessee. He attended the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, graduating in 1903 with a commission as a second lieutenant in the Infantry.
Hargrett served in World War I with the 26th Infantry Regiment of the 3rd Division. He was promoted to first lieutenant in 1916 and to captain in 1918. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for his actions at the Battle of Cantigny on July 30, 1918.
Hargrett later served with the 31st Infantry Regiment of the 8th Infantry Division during World War II and participated in campaigns in North Africa and Europe. He was promoted to major in 1943 and to lieutenant colonel in 1945. He was awarded the Bronze Star for his actions at the Battle of Bastogne on December 24–25, 1944.
Hargrett served as a deputy commander of the 24th Infantry Division during the Korean War. He was promoted to colonel in 1951 and retired from the Army in 1952.
Hargrett died on September 2, 1932, in Nashville. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.660553 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Holocaust survivors'
Holocaust survivors are people who survived the | Holocaust survivors are people who survived the Holocaust, defined as the persecution and attempted annihilation of the Jews by Nazi Germany and its allies before and during World War II in Europe and North Africa. There is no universally accepted definition of the term, and it has been applied variously to Jews who survived the war in German-occupied Europe or other Axis territories, as well as to those who fled to Allied and neutral countries before or during the war. In some cases, non-Jews who also experienced collective persecution under the Nazi regime are also considered Holocaust survivors. The definition has evolved over time. Survivors of the Holocaust include those persecuted civilians who were still alive in the concentration camps when they were liberated at the end of the war, or those who had either survived as partisans or been hidden with the assistance of non-Jews, or had escaped to territories beyond the control of the Nazis before the Final Solution was implemented. | wiki-intro | 0 | 11.106585 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'John Trevor (speaker)'
Sir John Trevor (c. 1637 – 20 | Sir John Trevor (c. 1637 – 20 May 1717) was a Welsh lawyer and politician. He was Speaker of the English House of Commons from 1685 to 1687 (the Loyal Parliament) and from 1689 to 1695. Trevor also served as Master of the Rolls from 1685 to 1689 and from 1693 to 1717. His second term as Speaker came to an end when he was expelled from the House of Commons for accepting a substantial bribe. He is the second most recent speaker to be forced out of office, with Michael Martin being the most recent. Early life
John Trevor was born around 1637 or 1638, the exact date of his birth being unrecorded. His father, also called John Trevor, was the son of Sir Edward Trevor; his mother was Margaret Jeffreys, daughter of John Jeffreys and aunt of the celebrated judge. The family lived at Brynkinalt in the parish of Chirk in the Welsh county of Denbighshire. | wiki-intro | 0 | 14.911817 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Survivor Series (2020)'
The 2020 Survivor Series was the 34th | The 2020 Survivor Series was the 34th annual Survivor Series professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by WWE. It took place on November 18, 2020 at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California.
The main event was a Survivor Series match between defending champion Kevin Owens and John Cena for the WWE Championship. The other matches on the card included a tag team match between The Miz and Dolph Ziggler, a triple threat match for the WWE Intercontinental Championship between Dean Ambrose, Baron Corbin, and AJ Styles, and a battle royal for the Raw Women's Championship which was won by Nia Jax. | wiki-intro | 1 | 4.830654 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Japanophilia'
Japanophilia is the philia of Japanese | Japanophilia is the philia of Japanese culture and people. It is manifested in a strong admiration and love for Japan, its people, its language, its art, its history, and its culture.
Japanophilia can be seen as a form of nationalism, as well as an appreciation of the unique aspects of Japanese culture. It can also be seen as a form of admiration for Japan's achievements and its place in world history. There is often a focus on Japanese aesthetics and traditions, which can lead to a fascination with Japanese culture.
Japanophilia can be found in various forms, from general interest in Japanese culture to more specific manifestations such as shōjo manga and otakuism. There is also a growing number of people who are learning Japanese in order to better understand and appreciate Japanese culture. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.515272 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Siganus woodlandi'
{{Speciesbox
| image =
| image_caption =
| status | {{Speciesbox
| image =
| image_caption =
| status =
Siganus woodlandi is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found in North America, including Ontario and Quebec.
The wingspan is about 36 mm. The forewings are light brown with a few dark scales, especially near the apex and at the costa. There is a faint oblique dash from just before the apex to the dorsum at two-thirds. The hindwings are light grey, becoming darker towards the base. Adults are on wing from May to July in one generation per year. | wiki-intro | 1 | 12.929881 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'John Herbert King'
John Herbert King, alias 'MAG', was a | John Herbert King, alias 'MAG', was a British Foreign Office cypher clerk who provided Foreign Office communications to the Soviet Union between 1935 and 1937. He was sentenced to 10 years in prison as a spy in October 1939. King was recruited by the Foreign Office as a temporary clerk in 1934 and sent to the British Delegation at the League of Nations in Geneva. There his financial problems made him vulnerable to an approach by Henri Pieck, a Dutch citizen who was working for Soviet intelligence. Pieck recruited him as a spy, pretending the information he gave was only to be used for commercial advantage by a Dutch bank. King returned to London in early 1935. Pieck continued to run the case by visits to London until 1936, when the job of running King was transferred to Theodore Maly. King continued to pass copies of Foreign Office telegraphic traffic to Maly until June 1937, when Maly was recalled to Moscow. In September 1939 the Soviet defector Walter Krivitsky exposed King's name as a spy for the Soviet Union to the British Embassy in Washington. Coincidentally a business associate of Pieck's in London reported suspicious activities by him and described a man like King who had given information to Pieck. King was subsequently interrogated, resulting in a confession. | wiki-intro | 0 | 21.181583 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Ceratitis capitata'
Ceratitis capitata, commonly known as the Mediterranean | Ceratitis capitata, commonly known as the Mediterranean fruit fly, is a species of fruit fly in the family Tephritidae. It is found throughout the Mediterranean Basin and North Africa.
The Mediterranean fruit fly is a small, black and yellow fly that attacks a wide range of fruits, including apples, pears, plums, apricots, cherries, and figs. Damage to fruit can result in considerable loss of revenue for growers and can create public health risks. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.569818 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Broadway Worldwide'
Broadway Worldwide was established in 1995 as | Broadway Worldwide was established in 1995 as the first international theater trade magazine.
Broadway Worldwide is the only magazine dedicated to the worldwide theatrical industry and its readership includes theater owners, producers, managers, agents, directors, actors, design professionals, and journalists from around the world.
The publication's aim is to provide its readers with the latest information on theatrical production and distribution around the world and to stimulate discussion and debate about the theater industry.
Broadway Worldwide has an online presence at www.broadwayworldwide.com | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.808367 | [
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The Sony Xperia Z2 is an Android-based | The Sony Xperia Z2 is an Android-based phone released in October 2014. It is the successor to the Sony Xperia Z1 and uses the same Qualcomm Snapdragon 801 processor.
The Xperia Z2 has a 5-inch 1080p display, and is available in black, white or gold. It has a waterproof design and a 20MP rear camera with dual-LED flash, and 5MP front camera.
The Xperia Z2 has 3GB of RAM and 32GB of storage, which can be expanded using a microSD card. It runs on Android 4.4 KitKat, with Sony's proprietary user interface overlay. | wiki-intro | 1 | 3.855157 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Gundu Kalyanam'
Gundu Kalyanam (Lakshmi Narayanan) is an actor, | Gundu Kalyanam (Lakshmi Narayanan) is an actor, director in Tamil film industry (Kollywood) and active and hardcore member at AIADMK party. He entered cine field in the year 1967 and his first movie was Mazhalai Pattalam in 1979. He also had his hands on direction with the movie Nanga Pudusa and Nalla Nalla Pillaigalai Nambi. He also penned a patriotic song for the movie Nalla Nalla Pillaigalai Nambi and made a special screening of the song was held for former president Abdul Kalam. He is best known for his roles in Rajinikanth featuring movies. He has acted more than 750 movies in various languages. Early life
Gundu Kalyanam birth name is Lakshmi Narayanan. His father 'Gundu' Karuppaiah was an actor in the 1950s–1970s. He was an ardent supporter of AIADMK in the M.G.R period and also member of the party. Gundu Kalyanam, who received the nickname "Gundu" from his father. At the age of six, he was start to act in dramas. He has acted in several plays with his father Gundu Karuppaiah. | wiki-intro | 0 | 27.548313 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Algernon Thomas'
Sir Algernon Phillips Withiel Thomas (3 | Sir Algernon Phillips Withiel Thomas (3 June 1857 – 28 December 1937) was a New Zealand university professor, geologist, biologist and educationalist. He was born in Birkenhead, Cheshire, England in 1857 and died in Auckland, New Zealand in 1937. He is best known for his early research (1880–83) into the life cycle of the sheep liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica), a distinction he shared with the German zoologist Rudolf Leuckart, his report on the eruption of Tarawera (1888) and his contribution to the development of New Zealand pedagogy. Background and education
Thomas was born in Birkenhead, Cheshire, on 3 June 1857, the sixth child and second son of Edith Withiell Phillips (1826–1909) and her husband John Withiell Thomas (1823–1909), an accountant and, later, senior partner in the Manchester practice Thomas, Wade, Guthrie & Co. Both his parents came from Redruth in Cornwall. His elder brother Ernest Chester Thomas, (1850–1892), a Gray's Inn barrister by profession, obtained early recognition as Librarian of the Oxford Union (1874) and, subsequently, for his work as secretary of the Library Association of the United Kingdom (1878–1890) and for his 1888 edition of The philobiblon of Richard de Bury. Two of his elder sisters, Clara Irene Thomas (1852–1919) and Lilias Landon Thomas (1854–1929), actively promoted secondary education for women, notably as foundation headmistresses respectively of Sydenham High School (1887) and Edgbaston Church of England College for Girls (1886). | wiki-intro | 0 | 21.10894 | [
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File Compression Like zip files. It seems odd to me that you can reduce a file to a smaller one and then get it all back. Explain like I' m five. | Imagine you have a list of names you're trying to remember: Mary Mary Mary Dave Mary Mary Mary Mary Dave Mary Mary Mary Mary Dave Mary Fred You could memorize each word (or even each letter and space) in order, but there are lots of ways to organize the data to make it easier for yourself. The first thing you notice is that there is a lot of repetition. You might try to think of the list like this: Mary(× 3) Dave Mary(× 4) Dave Mary(× 4) Dave Mary Fred You've reduced it from a list of 16 items (each name) to one of 11 (each name plus the repetition notes). We can even reduce it further. You notice that this pattern appears three times: Mary Mary Mary Dave Mary So let's define this: A = Mary(× 3) Dave Mary Our list now becomes: A(× 3) Fred Depending on how you want to count, that's about 8 or 9 things to keep track of. We've cut what we have to remember in half, and yet we haven't lost any of the original data! As long as we know what method we used to make our shorthand list, it's easy to take it and expand it back into the original list. File compression on computers works in a similar way. A computer uses a little program (called a utility) to compress the data. The utility has an algorithm (a method of processing the data) that looks for patterns and shortcuts in the binary code. (We were concerned with discrete words above, but the utility analyzes the string of 1s and 0s that actually make up a file.) The more sophisticated the algorithm, the smaller the compressed file can be. (It also helps if there are lots of patterns or repetition for the algorithm to latch onto. Certain files compress better than others because of this.) To decompress the data, a companion utility reverses the process. There are lot of ways to compress data. I'm not exactly sure how the zip format works, but i'll give you an example of how text can be compressed/uncompressed. As you probably know, text on your computer is eventually stored as a bunch of 1s and 0s. Take a look at [this] (URL_ 0) ascii chart to give you an idea of what letters correspond to what numbers. Now lets consider the poem [ "The Raven" by Edgar Allen Poe] (URL_ 1). The letter'k'shows up 32 times and the letter'j'only shows up 2 times. In other words, in your computer the pattern'1101010'shows up 2 times and'1101011'shows up 32 times. How can we use this information to compress our text? well,'k'and'j'are almost the same number. They both start off "110101".'k'goes on to be a 1 and'j'goes on to be a 0. Lets make up a new rule. To write a'k', instead of writing the full'1101011', strip off the last one and write'110101'instead. Furthermore, instead of writing'1101010'for'j', tack on an extra 0 to the end (to make'11010100'). Overall, we've saved some space. Every time we encounter a'k'we only write 6 numbers (instead of 7) and every time we encounter a'j'we write 8 numbers (instead of 7). We've gained 32 bits and lost 2 bits for a total savings of 30. Hoorya! We've just compressed the text. Although it doesn't really do us any good if we can't uncompress our text. Lets see what we have to do to restore the original poem. So, every time we find 6 digits that match a'k'(110101) assume we've just read a'k'and move on to the next letter. If we start reading the next letter and we find a'00', then we've made a mistake. Take a look at the ascii chart again. No letter (in the binary column) starts with a'00'. So, encountering a'00'at the start of a letter means we should change the last letter to a'j'. Since we have to sometimes go back and fix mistakes it's a little more work to read our document, but pretty much all compression makes a similar time/space trade off. Now, in the real world getting a 1 bit savings by changing how'k'and'j'are represented would be pretty silly. Instead, much larger savings are accomplished by taking super common letters (e. g.'e'. It shows up 621 times in The Raven) and giving it a super short number (like 1) so that if you ever start reading a letter and find a 1, you know immediately you're dealing with an'e'. If you find a 0 you'll have to read some more digits before you can figure out what letter you're dealing with. After analyzing the file, your compression program makes the following dictionary (which can be recursive, meaning it can use other words to descrive other words): AA =!!! = @@@! = & BB = ###= $$$#= * CC = % % % = ^ ^ ^ % = (And so on... The representation symbols (! in the case of two capital As) are usually just some binary key that has no useful visual representation Imagine compressing the following: AAAAAAAAAAAAAAABBBBBCCCCCBBCCBAAAAAAAAAABBBBBBBBBCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAA You can compress the above string into: @@@! A$B^ C#$B@@! $B^ ^ % @@ That's not even a very good compression scheme (I just came up with it to explain how the dictionary works): Original Length: 67 characters Compressed Length: 22 character Compression: 67. 16 % (22/67) (file is 32. 84 % of original size) Likewise AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCC can be compressed to: & & & & & & &! A* * * * * $#B(((((^ Original Length: 186 characters Compressed Length: 23 character Compression: 87. 63 % (23/186) (file is 12. 36 % of original size) Notice how much better the compression is when the same text is repeated over and over? This is why some file types (say. txt files) compress much better than mp3s. Text files usually have the same words or combination of words repeated, where MP3s are aleady compressed (lossy, which is NOT the same) and don't have those same repeating sequences of data. It's important to note that FILE compression is always lossless, meaning no data is lost when you compress it. You compress it and uncompress it and you have the exact same data. Audio/Video/Image compression sacrafice some quality for a small size. Videos encoded with a low bitrate usually have a "blocky" feel to them. There are algoritms that determine whether the human eye can detect a color difference of 0. 00012 % (or something) and if not, they just combine it all into one color. MP3s use a similair method in regards to the human ear's ability to hear different tones at the same time. Try playing a low quality MP3 on a nice stereo with base, and with your headphones. They'll sound fine on the headphones because MP3s usually sacrafice some of the low/high because your ear can't hear both. On a large stereo you might not be able to hear the bass that well, but you can sure feel it. High quality MP3s (such as V0 and 320kbps) are almost indistinguishable from lossless. MP3s encoded at 64kbps sound terrible on almost anything. Edit: I'd like to point out the effectiveness of each compression algorithm (whether zip, 7zip, rar, gzip, etc) and their implementations is ALL in the dictionary generation. The better the algorithm is at identifying and properly ranking patterns the higher the compression ratio will be. That being said, some files just get bad compression ratios. You can't just "keep trying hard" to compress the file. At some point there's no patterns left and it's as small as you can get. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 25.767612 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Cervia Air Base'
Cervia Air Base is an air | Cervia Air Base is an air base of the Italian Air Force (Aeronautica Militare). It is located in northern Italy, approximately southwest of Cervia, in the province of Ravenna (Emilia-Romagna). It was the home of the 5th Fighter Wing, which flew leased US Air Force Lockheed Martin F-16 Falcon. It is also a NATO air base and is visited by other NATO air forces on a routine basis. After Italy returned the leased F-16 to the US Air Force the 5th Fighter Wing was disbanded and in its place the 1st Special Air Brigade moved to Cervia. Along with the 1st Special Air Brigade arrived the 15th CSAR Wing - the Italian air force's Combat Search and Rescue wing. History
During World War II the airfield was used by the United States Army Air Force Twelfth Air Force 79th Fighter Group, flying combat operations with P-47 Thunderbolts. The 79th used the airfield from 20 March until July 1945. The airfield was also used by the RAF's 112 Squadron late in World War II, from February 1945 to May 1945. The 15 Squadron SAAF also used this air field from December 1944 until May 1945. | wiki-intro | 0 | 16.39023 | [
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Why does printing out more money cause inflation? I have a tough time understanding why printing more money causes price levels to rise so much and the dollar losing value. Explain like I' m five. | Inflation is the rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising, and, subsequently, purchasing power is falling. Central banks attempt to limit inflation and avoid deflation in order to keep the economy running smoothly.
Printing more money can cause inflation because it increases the supply of money in circulation. When there is more money chasing the same number of goods and services, prices for those goods and services will go up.
Imagine that there are 10 cookies and $10. If you give each person $1, then each person can buy one cookie. Now imagine that you print an extra $10 and give it to the people. Now there are 20 people with $20, but there are still only 10 cookies. This means that each cookie is now worth $2 because there is more money chasing the same number of cookies. The price of the cookies has gone up because there is more money available to buy them.
This is similar to what happens in the economy when the central bank prints more money. There are more dollars available to buy the same amount of goods and services, so prices go up. This is why printing more money can cause inflation. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 6.820445 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Diana Deutsch'
Diana Deutsch (born 15 February 1938) is | Diana Deutsch (born 15 February 1938) is an Austrian-born British psychologist, who is known for her work in the field of cognitive behaviour therapy.
Deutsch was born in Vienna in 1938 to a Jewish family. She fled Austria before the Nazi takeover in 1938, and moved to Britain where she received her undergraduate degree from the University of Cambridge in 1960. She then received her doctorate from the University of London in 1967. Deutsch began her professional career as a lecturer at University College London, but later moved to the University of Manchester, where she became a professor in 1978. In 1992, she moved to the University of Surrey, where she remained until her retirement in 2009.
Deutsch has been recognised for her work in cognitive behaviour therapy, which focuses on helping individuals change their behaviours and thoughts to reduce their anxiety and stress levels. She has written several books on the topic, including "Cognitive Behaviour Therapy: A New Perspective" (1978), "Treatment of Anxiety Disorders" (1986), "Coping with Depression: A Cognitive Behavioural Approach" (1993), and "The Mindful Way Through Depression" (2010). Deutsch also founded the Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Research Centre at the University of Surrey in 1993. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.081032 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'SMS Hela'
SMS Hela was an aviso built for | SMS Hela was an aviso built for the Norwegian Coast Guard in the late 1990s. It was decommissioned in 2007.
The SMS Hela was an aviso built for the Norwegian Coast Guard in the late 1990s. It was decommissioned in 2007. The aviso had a crew of two and was primarily used for search and rescue operations, as well as patrol and surveillance around the coast of Norway. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.289192 | [
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Suggest medication for red, itchy spots on the faceYes I get red, itching, burning spots on my face, neck, arms, chest, shoulder. I get them where certain thing touch my skin such as makeup brushes, my boyfriends beard, my dogs fur. Sometimes i get little bumps, not like pimples more like mosquitoes bites. I also have red cheeks but its closer to my jaw. I have never had this condition before, I was just hoping it would go away. Please help!! | Hi, As per your query you have red, itchy spots on the face which seem to be due to allergic reactions. Need not to worry. I would suggest you to avoid trigger factors given above and take over the counter antihistamines like zyrtec.- Apply cold compresses and apply aloe vera lotion- Also keep yourself hydrated. If condition doesn' t get better then consult dermatologist for proper examination and start steroid ointment accordingly. Hope I have answered your question. Let me know if I can assist you further. Regards, Dr. Harry Maheshwari, Dentist | hc3-medicine | 0 | 27.113491 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Sanisette'
Sanisette is a registered trademark for | Sanisette is a registered trademark for a type of sparkling water with a slightly sweet taste, which is manufactured by the French company Sanisette.
Sanisette is a type of sparkling water with a slightly sweet taste, which is manufactured by the French company Sanisette. Sanisette is usually available in plastic bottles and comes in various flavors, including apple, blackberry, raspberry and strawberry. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.591112 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Say My Name'
"Say My Name" is a song by | "Say My Name" is a song by American girl group Destiny's Child, released on November 7, 1999, through Columbia Records as the third single from their second studio album, The Writing's on the Wall (1999). It was written by Beyoncé Knowles, LeToya Luckett, LaTavia Roberson and Kelly Rowland along with LaShawn Daniels, Fred Jerkins III and Rodney "Darkchild" Jerkins, featuring production by the latter. While the song features the vocals of the group's original line-up consisting of Luckett and Roberson, the music video for the single marked the introduction of the group's second line-up with the newly added members Michelle Williams and Farrah Franklin, whom they were replaced with. "Say My Name" is the most successful of the four releases from the album. It won two Grammy Awards at the 2001 ceremony, for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals and Best R&B Song, while also nominated for Record of the Year and Song of the Year. The single's music video won the 2000 MTV Video Music Award for Best R&B Video. It also won a Soul Train Lady of Soul Award for Best R&B/Soul Single, Group, Band or Duo along with a BMI Pop Award for Most Played Song. Billboard ranked the song number seven on their list of the "100 Greatest Girl Group Songs of All Time" and the best song of 2000. In 2021, Rolling Stone placed the song at number 285 on its list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. | wiki-intro | 0 | 14.155478 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Babayev'
Babayev or Babaev is a Russian, | Babayev or Babaev is a Russian, Azerbaijani, and Turkmen surname. It may refer to:
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Diggin' on You'
"Diggin' on You" is a song by | "Diggin' on You" is a song by American rapper Future. It was released on August 25, 2015 as the fourth single from his second studio album, Honest. The song features American singer Pharrell Williams and was produced by Metro Boomin and Future.
The song is about a couple in a sexual relationship who are "diggin' on each other" and "puttin' on a show", with Future bragging about his sexual prowess. The song has been compared to songs by rappers Drake and Jay Z.
"Diggin' on You" debuted at number 83 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 chart, making it Future's lowest charting single in the United States. However, it fared better in other countries, reaching number one in Canada and the United Kingdom. The accompanying music video was directed by Nabil Elderkin and was released on September 22, 2015.
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Pocketed free-tailed bat'
The pocketed free-tailed bat (Nyctinomops femorosaccus) is | The pocketed free-tailed bat (Nyctinomops femorosaccus) is a species of bat in the family Molossidae found in Mexico and in Arizona, California, New Mexico, and Texas in the United States. They resemble the Brazilian free-tailed bat ("Tadarida brasiliensis") but differ morphologically. They are classified within the order Chiroptera. They are recognized as "un-threatened" by the IUCN and as "apparently secure" by Natureserve categories. Characteristics
The pocketed free-tailed bat shares similar features with the Brazilian free-tailed bat ("Tadarida brasiliensis") but is larger in size. The name is derived from a skin fold stretching from the medial side of the femur to the middle of the tibia. This fold produces a shallow pocket on the underside of the interfemoral membrane in the vicinity of the knee. Some defining characteristics include: Ears joined at the midline; second phalanx of the 4th digit is less than 5mm; anterior part of hard palate narrowly excised; upper incisors placed close together with longitudinal axes nearly parallel. | wiki-intro | 0 | 22.429077 | [
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Why is there 360 degrees in a circle, not something like 500? This isn't just limited for circles... Thanks Explain like I' m five. | There are 360 degrees in a circle because the Assyrians were the first ones to do geometry and write it down. The used the base-6 (senary) system. They are also responsible for 24 hours in a day, 60 seconds in a min., and 60 minutes in an hour. And supposedly the only word we get in English from that long ago people is the word abyss, which still has its original meaning. There isn't. There's 2 pi Radians. There can be whatever you want there to be. But look at 360. Before calculators people did stuff by hand. 360 divides evenly into 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, and a bunch more.... too drunk to math. 500 or 100 actually has relatively few divisors. So... it's just to make the math easier. You can divide it into whatever you like and the math still works, so long as you define it clearly. From Wikipedia: A theory is that the Babylonians in ancient times subdivided the circle using the angle of an equilateral triangle as the basic unit and further subdivided the latter into 60 parts following their sexagesimal (base 60) numeric system. The earliest trigonometry, used by the Babylonian astronomers and their Greek successors, was based on chords of a circle. A chord of length equal to the radius made a natural base quantity. One sixtieth of this, using their standard sexagesimal divisions, was a degree. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 30.238626 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Cory Spangenberg'
Cory Joseph Spangenberg (; born March 16, | Cory Joseph Spangenberg (; born March 16, 1988) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Colorado Rockies of Major League Baseball (MLB).
Spangenberg attended Bishop Gorman High School in Las Vegas, Nevada. He was drafted by the Rockies in the 12th round of the 2006 Major League Baseball Draft. He made his MLB debut with the Rockies in 2013.
Spangenberg was born in Las Vegas, Nevada to Cory and Deena Spangenberg. He has two older sisters, Chelsey and Leslie. His father, Cory Sr., played college baseball at Southern Utah University. Spangenberg attended Bishop Gorman High School in Las Vegas, Nevada from 2002-2006. As a senior, he was named to the All-Nevada Second Team by "The Nevada Record". He also pitched for the school's baseball team that won the 2005 state championship.
Spangenberg was drafted by the Colorado Rockies in the 12th round of the 2006 Major League Baseball Draft. He made his professional debut with the Idaho Falls Sky Sox of the Class A-Short Season Northwest League in 2006. After posting a 0-1 record and 2.86 ERA with Idaho Falls in six games (five starts), he was promoted to the Asheville Tourists of the Class A-Advanced Carolina League where he finished the season with a 4-1 record and 1.85 ERA in 34 games (33 starts).
In 2007, Spangenberg pitched for both the Modesto Nuts of the Class A-Advanced California | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.722684 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Baker Street Irregulars'
The Baker Street Irregulars are fictional characters | The Baker Street Irregulars are fictional characters in the Sherlock Holmes stories by Arthur Conan Doyle. They are a group of amateur detectives who meet to solve mysteries together, in contrast to the professional police.
The Irregulars first appear in "A Scandal in Bohemia" (1892), and continue to appear in further stories. The members of the group have varied backgrounds and professions, but they are united by their love of Sherlock Holmes and their desire to help him solve cases.
The Baker Street Irregulars have inspired a number of real-life amateur detective groups, most notably the Arthur Conan Doyle Society. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.868061 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Revolution Radio'
Revolution Radio is the twelfth studio album | Revolution Radio is the twelfth studio album by American rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers, released on September 17, 2017 by Warner Bros. Records. It is the group's first album of new material in over a decade and the follow-up to their 2013 release The Getaway.
Revolution Radio was produced by Rick Rubin, who has worked with the Chili Peppers on every album since they reunited in 1999. The band toured extensively in support of the album in 2017 and 2018.
The album has received generally positive reviews from critics, who praised its experimental sound and Flea's extensive guitar work. It debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart, becoming Red Hot Chili Peppers' sixth consecutive album to do so. The album has also topped the charts in a number of other countries, including Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, New Zealand and Spain. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.48765 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Calectasia narragara'
Calectasia narragara, commonly known as a blue | Calectasia narragara, commonly known as a blue tinsel lily or star of Bethlehem, is a plant in the family Dasypogonaceae growing as a tufted rhizomatous herb. It is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia and common in most of its range. Description
Calectasia narragara is an undershrub without stilt roots but with a short rhizome from which it is able to form clones. The roots are clustered, wiry and sand-binding. It grows to a height of about with many very short side branches. Each leaf blade is glabrous except sometimes at the margins, long, wide tapering to a short, sharp point on the end. The base of the petals (strictly tepals) form a tube long, which, unlike most others in the genus (but not C. hispida), is glabrous. The outer part of the petals are blue with bronze margins and spread outwards to form a papery, star-like pattern which fades to white with age. In the centre of the star are six yellow stamens forming a tube which turns orange-red with age. The thin style sometimes extends beyond the stamens. It is similar to the other species of Calectasia and is distinguished from them by a combination of the presence of a short, compact rhizome, lack of stilt leaves, the glabrousness of the leaf blades and the change in colour of the petals and stamens with age. Flowers mostly appear from June to September. | wiki-intro | 0 | 30.313341 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Habitrail'
Habitrail is a brand name for a | Habitrail is a brand name for a hamster cage made by the Hagen corporation. It is a series of translucent plastic tubes and "houses" for use in home terrariums, designed specially for hamsters. The design of the Habitrail is modular and can be configured however the owner likes, as well as disassembled for cleaning. The Habitrail is meant to mimic the habitat of the animal in question, usually a warren, or series of tunnels. The mascot for Habitrail is "Herbie the Hamster", who even has a video game based on him called Habitrail Hamster Ball produced by Data Design Interactive in 2005 and released for the PS2, and the PC. Reception
Habitrails are rather small. This tends to be a problem for Syrian hamsters, who often get lodged in the tubes, particularly those that are pregnant. Conversely, Habitrails tend to be too large to work well for dwarf hamsters, such as the Roborovski and White Russian types, as they can not climb up the tube. In response, the Rolf C. Hagen Corp. introduced two new housings in 2007: the Habitrail OVO, which featured a larger modular design that also made it easier to observe hamsters and maintain their housing, and a similar cage with narrower tubes designed for dwarfs. | wiki-intro | 0 | 29.883833 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Corrigan v. Buckley'
Corrigan v. Buckley, 271 U.S. 323 (1926), | Corrigan v. Buckley, 271 U.S. 323 (1926), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that the First Amendment protects political speech.
The case concerned a Pennsylvania law that made it a crime to wear a "political button" on one's clothing. William L. Corrigan, a member of the Socialist Party of America, was arrested for violating the law. He argued that the law violated his First Amendment rights. The Court ruled in his favor, holding that the statute was unconstitutional because it punished political speech rather than criminalizing objective conduct. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.921477 | [
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If there are free and unlimited sources of energy within our scientific reach, why are we not dropping everything and going all in?? If I were playing a video game about our world I would rush those technologies before doing anything else. Please explain like I' m five. | There are a few reasons why we're not dropping everything and going all in on developing unlimited sources of energy.First, even though there are some promising technologies that could potentially provide unlimited sources of energy, they are still in the early stages of development and have not yet been proven to work on a large scale. It can take a long time to develop and test new technologies to make sure they are safe, reliable, and efficient.Second, developing new technologies can be very expensive. It requires a lot of research and development, as well as funding to build prototypes and test them. This can be a barrier to getting these technologies off the ground.Finally, even if we did have unlimited sources of energy, it would be a huge undertaking to transition our current energy systems to use them. This would require a lot of planning and coordination, as well as investments in new infrastructure. It's not something that can happen overnight.Overall, while the idea of unlimited sources of energy is certainly appealing, it's important to remember that it takes time and resources to develop and implement new technologies. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 7.63418 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Kepler-4b'
Kepler-4b, initially known as KOI 7.01, is | Kepler-4b, initially known as KOI 7.01, is an extrasolar planet first detected as a transit by the Kepler spacecraft. Its radius and mass are similar to that of Neptune; however, due to its proximity to its host star, it is substantially hotter than any planet in the Solar System. The planet's discovery was announced on January 4, 2010 in Washington, D.C. along with four other planets that were initially detected by the Kepler spacecraft and subsequently confirmed by telescopes at the W.M. Keck Observatory. Nomenclature and history
Kepler-4b was named because it was the first planet discovered in the orbit of its star, Kepler-4. The star was, in turn, named for the Kepler Mission, a NASA satellite whose purpose is to discover Earth-like planets in a section of the sky between constellations Cygnus and Lyra using the transit method. Using this method, Kepler notes small and steady decreases in a star's brightness that are measured as a planet crosses in front of it. Initially, Kepler-4b was detected as a transit event by the Kepler telescope and considered a Kepler Object of Interest with the designation KOI 7.01. | wiki-intro | 0 | 13.62922 | [
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who won the super in xl1 | I'm sorry, but I don't have enough information to accurately answer your question. Could you provide more context or clarify what you are asking about? I'm sorry, but I don't have enough information to accurately answer your question. Could you provide more context or specify which Super Bowl you are referring to? The Super Bowl is an annual event in American football, and there have been many editions of the game. If you could provide more information, I'd be happy to try to help. I'm sorry, but I don't have enough information to answer your question. Could you provide more context or specify which Super Bowl you are asking about? The Super Bowl is the annual championship game of the National Football League (NFL) in the United States, and there have been many Super Bowls held since the first one in 1967. | hc3-open_qa | 1 | 5.724524 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Cedrick Hardman'
Cedrick Ward Hardman (October 4, 1948 – | Cedrick Ward Hardman (October 4, 1948 – March 8, 2019) was an American Football defensive end who played for the National Football League's San Francisco 49ers and Oakland Raiders and the United States Football League's Oakland Invaders. Hardman's thirteen-year professional football career lasted from 1970 to 1981 in the National Football League and ended as a player/coach in 1983 with the USFL's Oakland Invaders. Hardman held the record for most sacks in a season for the 49ers recording 18 sacks in only 14 games during his 1971 Pro Bowl season with the 49ers until 2012, when it was broken by Aldon Smith with 19.5. College
Hardman played college football at North Texas State University, (renamed the University of North Texas in 1988). Hardman was an All-Missouri Valley Conference football defensive lineman. In a historic manner, Hardman recorded 30 sacks in his senior season at North Texas State including an 11-sack performance in North Texas' 1969 Homecoming game against Tulsa. Hardman represented North Texas State in the Blue-Gray and Senior Bowl all-star games in 1970 earning defensive most valuable player honors after recording 4 sacks in each game. Including the all-star games, Hardman accounted for 38 sacks during his final year at North Texas. | wiki-intro | 0 | 15.980055 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Rus Borisi'
Rus Borisi is a village and | Rus Borisi is a village and municipality in the Goranboy District of Azerbaijan. History
The village was founded in 1842, according to some sources or in 1893, according to others, by a group of Spiritual Christian Molokan settlers originally from central Russia. In 1932 a kolkhoz which functions to this day was established here, followed by the inclusion of the village in the Shahumian region. Historically the population was composed almost entirely of ethnic Russians and numbered over 2,000 people at its peak. In 1992, Rus Borisi happened to be in the thick of ethnic clashes between ethnic Armenians and Azeris, leading to a military operation and resulting in the mass exodus of the Armenians of Shahumian. The region itself was merged with the Goranboy region. Even though Rus Borisi, similarly to the Azeri villages of the region, remained unaffected by the military actions, the political and economic hardships forced a significant portion of the population of the village to leave for Russia. Beginning in 1994, the village was increasingly populated by ethnic Azeris, mainly internally displaced persons from Nagorno-Karabakh region. | wiki-intro | 0 | 23.609615 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Liparis habenarina'
Liparis habenarina, commonly known as the common | Liparis habenarina, commonly known as the common spindle-foot, is a species of cephalopod found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. It is generally considered a minor species, with a global population estimated at fewer than 2,000 individuals.
The common spindle-foot is small, measuring just over a centimeter in length. It has a soft body and a characteristic spiral pattern on its tentacles. The species is most commonly found near the seabed, where it feeds on small invertebrates. It is not known to be harmful to humans, and can be found in both fresh and salt water. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.499378 | [
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who created massey ferguson | Massey Ferguson is a brand of agricultural machinery that was created by Daniel Massey in 1847. Massey started his own company in Canada, which eventually became Massey-Harris Co. Ltd., and began producing agricultural machinery, including tractors. In 1953, Massey-Harris Co. Ltd. merged with the Ferguson Company, which was a manufacturer of tractors and other farm equipment, to form Massey Ferguson. Massey Ferguson has since become a well-known and respected brand in the agricultural industry, with a reputation for producing high-quality, reliable machinery. Massey Ferguson is a brand of tractors and other agricultural equipment that was founded in Ontario, Canada in 1847 by Daniel Massey. The company was originally called the Massey Manufacturing Co. and it produced a range of products, including threshing machines, steam engines, and other farm equipment. In 1953, Massey merged with the Ferguson company, which was known for its line of tractors, and the combined company became known as Massey Ferguson. Today, Massey Ferguson is a global brand and is owned by AGCO Corporation, a leading manufacturer of agricultural equipment. Massey Ferguson is a brand of agricultural machinery that was founded in 1847 by Daniel Massey in Newcastle, Ontario, Canada. The company was originally called Massey Manufacturing Co. and was primarily focused on the production of agricultural equipment such as threshing machines, reapers, and plows. In 1953, Massey Manufacturing Co. merged with the Ferguson Company, which was a manufacturer of tractors, to form Massey-Ferguson. The company has gone through several ownership changes and mergers over the years, and it is now a part of AGCO Corporation, a global manufacturer of agricultural equipment. | hc3-open_qa | 1 | 7.958162 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Chia Pet'
Chia Pets are American styled terracotta figurines | Chia Pets are American styled terracotta figurines of animals, typically birds or mammals, that came in a variety of shapes and colors. They are popular as garden ornaments, and are made to be watered with a water bottle. | wiki-intro | 1 | 18.458937 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Fiske Warren'
Frederick Fiske Warren (2 July 1862 – | Frederick Fiske Warren (2 July 1862 – 24 January 1930) was an American economist and sociologist, who is considered the father of scientific sociology.
Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Warren graduated from Harvard University in 1884 and then studied at the University of Berlin. He later taught at the University of Chicago, where he was appointed professor of economics in 1901. He also served as president of the American Economic Association (AEA) in 1916 and 1917.
Warren's main work was on scientific sociology, which he developed with Alfred Kroeber. The two men co-authored the book "The Theory of Social Structure" (1918), which is considered one of the foundational texts in the field. Warren also wrote "Economic Theory: An Introduction to Its Method and Scope" (1912), "The Social System" (1914), and "The Analysis of Social Behavior" (1922). | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.671011 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Soccor Velho'
Soccor Velho (27 July 1983 – 22 June | Soccor Velho (27 July 1983 – 22 June 2016) was a Brazilian professional footballer who played as a central defender.
Velho started his career with Palmeiras, making his debut in the 2003 season. He spent six seasons with the club, winning the Campeonato Paulista twice and the Copa Libertadores once. He also played for São Paulo, Corinthians, and Flamengo, before retiring at the end of the 2014 season.
Velho represented Brazil at international level, playing 41 times and scoring one goal. He was part of the team that won the 2002 Copa América.
Velho died on 22 June 2016 after a long battle with cancer. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.587499 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Lani Minella'
Lani Jean Minella (born July 28, 1950) | Lani Jean Minella (born July 28, 1950) is an American actress, singer and producer. She has appeared in Broadway productions and in films and television shows since the early 1970s.
Minella was born in Los Angeles, California, the daughter of Lani (née Whitehead) and Tony Minella. Her father was of Italian descent and her mother was of English, Scottish, Irish, and Dutch ancestry. Minella has been married to actor Robert De Niro since 1971. They have two children: daughter Silvia (born 1978) and son Dante (born 1981).
Minella started her career as a child actress appearing in a number of Broadway productions before making her feature film debut in 1971's The Godfather Part II. She has since appeared in a wide range of films and television shows, appearing both in leading roles and supporting roles. In 2003, she won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series for her performance as Karen Hill on the HBO series Oz. She has also received nominations for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance as Mafalda Donati in The Godfather Part III (1974), the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance as Karen Hill in Oz (1997), and the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play for her performance as Mary Boyle in Mary Poppins (2005).
Minella is a producer, having produced both stage and screen productions. In 2005, she produced Mary Poppins Returns, which | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.458864 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'The Pythons (film)'
The Pythons is a BBC documentary film | The Pythons is a BBC documentary film directed by Michael Palin that follows the career of the Monty Python comedy troupe. The film was first broadcast in the UK on 9 October 1995.
The Pythons are an English comedy group formed in 1969 by Python members Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Terry Gilliam, and Eric Idle. They achieved international success with their sketch comedy shows, films, and music. The Pythons reunited in 1989 for a series of live performances. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.174811 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Anopinella'
Anopinella is a genus of moths belonging | Anopinella is a genus of moths belonging to the family Tortricidae. Species
fana species group
Anopinella alshiana Razowski & Pelz, 2003
Anopinella aurea Razowski & Becker, 2000
Anopinella boliviana Brown & Adamski, 2003
Anopinella brasiliana Brown & Adamski, 2003
Anopinella choko Brown & Adamski, 2003
Anopinella consecta Razowski & Pelz, 2003
Anopinella cuzco Brown & Adamski, 2003
Anopinella fana Brown & Adamski, 2003
Anopinella granadana Razowski & Wojtusiak, 2010
Anopinella holandia Brown & Adamski, 2003
Anopinella larana Brown & Adamski, 2003
Anopinella macrosema Brown & Adamski, 2003
Anopinella panamana Brown & Adamski, 2003
Anopinella perblanda Razowski & Becker, 2000
Anopinella peruvensis Brown & Adamski, 2003
Anopinella phillipsae Brown & Adamski, 2003
Anopinella rica Brown & Adamski, 2003
Anopinella rigidana Brown & Adamski, 2003
Anopinella rotunda Razowski & Wojtusiak, 2010
Anopinella sympatrica Brown & Adamski, 2003
Anopinella tenebricosa Razowski & Pelz, 2003
Anopinella tinalandana Brown & Adamski, 2003
Anopinella tucki Brown & Adamski, 2003
isodelta species group
Anopinella albolinea Brown & Adamski, 2003
Anopinella araguana Brown & Adamski, 2003
Anopinella arenalana Brown & Adamski, 2003
Anopinella cafrosana Brown & Adamski, 2003
Anopinella carabayana Brown & Adamski, 2003
Anopinella cartagoa Brown & Adamski, 2003
Anopinella isodelta Meyrick, 1912
Anopinella mariana Brown & Adamski, 2003
Anopinella ophiodes Walsingham, 1914
Anopinella parambana Brown & Adamski, 2003
Anopinella porrasa Brown & Adamski, 2003
Anopinella powelli Brown & Adamski, 2003
Anopinella rastafariana Brown & Adamski, 2003
Anopinella razowskii Brown & Adamski, 2003
Anopinella tergemina Razowski & Wojtusiak, 2010
Anopinella transecta Brown & Adamski, 2003
Anopinella triquetra Walsingham, 1914
styraxivora species group
Anopinella styraxivora Brown & Adamski, 2003
unknown species group
Anopinella shillanana Razowski & Wojtusiak, 2009
Anopinella tariquiae Razowski & Wojtusiak, 2013
Anopinella yangana Razowski & Wojtusiak, 2009 | wiki-intro | 0 | 6.712178 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Lawrence Le Fleming'
Brevet Lieutenant-colonel Lawrence Julius Le Fleming (3 | Brevet Lieutenant-colonel Lawrence Julius Le Fleming (3 July 1865 – 10 February 1949) was a New Zealand soldier and police officer who served in the First World War, and later in the Second World War. He was a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
Lawrence Le Fleming was born in 1865 in Nelson, New Zealand to Julius and Louisa (née Fleming) Le Fleming. He was educated at Nelson College from 1883 to 1887. He joined the New Zealand Army as an officer cadet in 1888, and was commissioned as a lieutenant on 3 July 1890.
Le Fleming saw service in the First World War, where he was awarded the Victoria Cross for his actions at Pozieres on 25 August 1916. He retired from the army on 1 October 1918 with the rank of brevet lieutenant-colonel.
Le Fleming resumed his police career after World War I, serving as a superintendent from 1920 to 1932 and as commissioner from 1933 to 1946. He also served as Deputy Mayor of Nelson from 1931 to 1933.
Le Fleming died at Nelson on 10 February 1949. His funeral took place at Nelson Cathedral on 14 February 1949 and he was buried at Nelson Cemetery. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.204046 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Second-order cybernetics'
Second-order cybernetics, also known as the cybernetics | Second-order cybernetics, also known as the cybernetics of cybernetics, is the recursive application of cybernetics to itself and the reflexive practice of cybernetics according to such a critique. It is cybernetics where "the role of the observer is appreciated and acknowledged rather than disguised, as had become traditional in western science". Second-order cybernetics was developed between the late 1960s and mid 1970s by Margaret Mead, Heinz von Foerster and others. Foerster referred to it as "the control of control and the communication of communication" and differentiated first order cybernetics as "the cybernetics of observed systems" and second order cybernetics as "the cybernetics of observing systems". It is closely allied to radical constructivism, which was developed around the same time by Ernst von Glasersfeld. While it is sometimes considered a break from the earlier concerns of cybernetics, there is much continuity with previous work and it can be thought of as a distinct tradition within cybernetics, with origins in issues evident during the Macy conferences in which cybernetics was initially developed. Its concerns include autonomy, epistemology, ethics, language, self-consistency, self-referentiality, and self-organizing capabilities of complex systems. It has been characterised as cybernetics where "circularity is taken seriously". Overview | wiki-intro | 0 | 18.966236 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Fraxinus'
Fraxinus , English name ash, is a | Fraxinus , English name ash, is a genus of about 30-40 species of trees and shrubs in the beech family Fagaceae . The genus is native to temperate and subtropical regions of the world, with the majority of species occurring in Europe
Fraxinus is a genus of about 30-40 species of trees and shrubs in the beech family Fagaceae. The genus is native to temperate and subtropical regions of the world, with the majority of species occurring in Europe. The genus is divided into two subgenera, Fraxinus and Abies, based on their fruit morphology. There are three sections within the subgenus Fraxinus based on their juvenile leaves: Fraxinus nigra - black ash , Fraxinus angustifolia - narrow-leaved ash , and Fraxinus ornus - ornamental ash . The section Abies is further divided into two subsections, Abies alba - white ash , and Abies balsamea - balsam fir . | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.395414 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Bodega Bay'
Bodega Bay is a shallow, rocky inlet | Bodega Bay is a shallow, rocky inlet of the Pacific Ocean on the coast of northern California in the United States. It is approximately across and is located approximately northwest of San Francisco and west of Santa Rosa. The bay straddles the boundary between Sonoma County to the north and Marin County to the south. The bay is a marine habitat used for navigation, recreation (including swimming and surfing, especially by the Dillon Beach area), and commercial and sport fishing (including shellfish harvesting). Bodega Bay is protected on its north end from the Pacific Ocean by Bodega Head, which shelters the small Bodega Harbor and is separated from the main bay by a jetty. The San Andreas Fault runs parallel to the coastline and bisects Bodega Head, which lies on the Pacific Plate; the town is on the North American Plate. The village of Bodega Bay sits on the east side of Bodega Harbor. The bay connects on its south end to the mouth of Tomales Bay. | wiki-intro | 0 | 14.109468 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Dirk Spennemann'
Dr. Dirk Spennemann, an Australian cultural heritage | Dr. Dirk Spennemann, an Australian cultural heritage consultant, was born in Sydney in 1946. He completed his undergraduate studies at the University of Sydney and his doctorate at the University of Melbourne. After completing postgraduate studies at the University of Munich, he returned to Australia and worked as a cultural heritage consultant for the State Heritage Office in Victoria. He has also been a research associate at Monash University and the Australian National University.
Spennemann has published extensively on Australian cultural heritage, including papers on Australian Aboriginal art, colonial architecture, and public art in Australia. He has also been involved in the management of several heritage sites in Victoria, including the Royal Exhibition Building and the Shrine of Remembrance. In 1984 he was awarded the Order of Australia for services to heritage conservation. Spennemann retired from his consultancy work in 2004 but continues to write and lecture on Australian cultural heritage. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.882836 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Crystal River, Florida'
Crystal River is a city in Citrus | Crystal River is a city in Citrus County, Florida, United States. The population was 3,108 in the 2010 census. According to the U.S Census estimates of 2018, the city had a population of 3,162. The city was incorporated in 1903 and is the self professed "Home of the Manatee". Crystal River Preserve State Park is located nearby, and Crystal River Archaeological State Park is located in the city's northwest side. Crystal River is at the heart of the Nature Coast of Florida. The city is situated around Kings Bay, which is spring-fed so it keeps a constant temperature year round. A cluster of 50 springs designated as a first-magnitude system feeds Kings Bay. A first-magnitude system discharges 100 cubic feet or more of water per second, which equals about 64 million gallons of water per day. Because of this discharge amount, the Crystal River Springs group is the second largest springs group in Florida, the first being Wakulla Springs in Wakulla County near Tallahassee. Kings Bay can be home to over 400 manatees during the winter when the water temperature in the Gulf of Mexico cools, and is the only place in the United States where people can legally interact with them in their natural conditions without that interaction being viewed as harassment by law enforcement agencies. Tourism based on watching and swimming with manatee is the fastest growing contribution to the local economy. In 2005 there was a movement to dissolve the city which did not succeed, and the city has since grown by annexation. | wiki-intro | 0 | 20.629984 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Nikolaj Frobenius'
Nikolaj Frobenius (born 29 September 1965) is | Nikolaj Frobenius (born 29 September 1965) is a German mathematician who is best known for his work in mathematical dynamics and chaos theory.
Nikolaj Frobenius was born on 29 September 1965 in Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. After completing his undergraduate studies at the University of Bonn, Frobenius received his Ph.D. from the University of Heidelberg in 1990 under the supervision of Klaus Roth. His thesis was entitled "On the existence of solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation".
Frobenius has since held positions at several universities, including the University of Heidelberg and the University of California, Berkeley. He is currently a professor at the Technical University of Darmstadt and a fellow of both the American Mathematical Society and the German Mathematical Society.
Frobenius' research focuses on mathematical dynamics and chaos theory. His work has had a major impact on these fields, and he has been described as one of the most important mathematicians of the past two decades. In particular, his work on dissipative systems and fractals has had a profound impact on many fields of mathematics, including algebra, geometry, topology, number theory, and statistics.
Frobenius has received several awards and honors during his career, including a Fields Medal in 2002, a Wolf Prize in Mathematics in 2007, and a Abel Prize in 2013. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.489456 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Mission style furniture'
Mission furniture is a style of furniture | Mission furniture is a style of furniture that originated in the late 19th century. It traces its origins to a chair made by A.J. Forbes around 1894 for San Francisco's Swedenborgian Church. The term mission furniture was first popularized by Joseph P. McHugh of New York, a furniture manufacturer and retailer who copied these chairs and offered a line of stylistically related furnishings by 1898. The word mission references the Spanish missions throughout colonial California, though the design of most Mission Style furniture owed little to the original furnishings of these missions. The style became increasingly popular following the 1901 Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo. The style was popularly associated with the American Arts and Crafts movement. Design philosophy
Mission style is a design that emphasizes simple horizontal and vertical lines and flat panels that accentuate the grain of the wood (often oak, especially quartersawn white oak). People were looking for relief after the excesses of Victorian times and the influx of mass-produced furniture from the Industrial Revolution. The furniture maker Gustav Stickley produced Arts and Crafts furniture often referred to as being in the Mission Style, though Stickley dismissed the term as misleading. This was plain oak furniture that was upright, solid, and suggestive of entirely handcrafted work, though in the case of Stickley and his competitors, was constructed within a factory by both machine and handworking techniques. | wiki-intro | 0 | 35.496395 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Samuel Hoyt Elbert'
Samuel Hoyt Elbert (8 August 1907 – | Samuel Hoyt Elbert (8 August 1907 – 25 November 1990) was an American astronomer, who made significant contributions to astronomy, chiefly in the field of solar physics. He is particularly noted for his work on the Solar System's outer planets.
Elbert was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on 8 August 1907. After completing his undergraduate studies at the University of Pennsylvania in 1928, Elbert went on to study at Princeton University, where he received his PhD in 1933. He then worked as an astronomer at the Mount Wilson Observatory until 1957, when he took a position at the United States Naval Observatory. Elbert retired from the Naval Observatory in 1978 and died on 25 November 1990.
Elbert made significant contributions to astronomy, chiefly in the field of solar physics. His work on the Solar System's outer planets is particularly noted for its insight into the atmospheres of these planets. Elbert also co-discovered five comets, including 3P/Encke and 2P/Encke. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.040252 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Llys Helig'
Llys Helig is the name of | Llys Helig is the name of a natural rock formation off the coast at Penmaenmawr, north Wales. There is a possible fish weir south of this which tradition dates to the beginning of the 6th century. The sea level was low enough around 1600 AD to make the claims of Sir John Wynne of Gwydir feasible. The earliest known use of the name Llys Helig for this rock formation is the Halliwell Manuscript which is believed to date to around the beginning of the 17th century, eleven centuries later. Legends developed about it suggesting that it was the palace of Prince Helig ap Glanawg (also spelled Glannog) who lived in the 6th century, and whose sons established a number of churches in the area. He owned a large area of land between the Great Orme's Head near Llandudno and the Menai Strait off the north coast of Gwynedd. | wiki-intro | 0 | 18.577694 | [
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Secret Sunshine is a 2007 South | Secret Sunshine is a 2007 South Korean drama film directed by Lee Chang-dong. The screenplay based on the short fiction "The Story of a Bug" by Lee Cheong-jun that focuses on a woman as she wrestles with the questions of grief, madness and faith. The Korean title Miryang (or Milyang) is named after the city that served as the film's setting and filming location, of which "Secret Sunshine" is the literal translation. For her performance in the film, Jeon Do-yeon won the Prix d'interprétation féminine (Best Actress) at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival. The film also won the award for Best Film at the Asian Film Awards and at the Asia Pacific Screen Awards. The film sold 1,710,364 tickets nationwide in South Korea alone. Plot
After the death of her husband from a traffic accident, Lee Shin-ae (Jeon Do-yeon) and her only child Jun move to Miryang, South Gyeongsang Province, her husband's hometown, to start life anew. While entering Miryang, Shin-ae's car breaks down. The local mechanic in Miryang Kim Jong-chan (Song Kang-ho) fixes her car and assists Shin-ae as she opens her piano school and attempts to purchase land to build a house on. Jong-chan claims he is only trying to be a Good Samaritan. | wiki-intro | 0 | 15.13524 | [
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Space X landing the first stage of a rocket back on the ground what's the significance of this? Please explain like I' m five. | Rockets will typically have multiple "stages." The first stage is a big rocket engine and burns long enough to escape the atmosphere. Normally, this first stage engine is then detached from the top part of the rocket carrying the payload, burning up in the atmosphere or crashing into the ocean. The next stage(s) continues to burn to make the rocket go faster until it gets into orbit. Once it is in orbit, the payload can be put into orbit. This can be delivering astronauts or supplies to the International Space Station, placing satellites into orbit, or performing experiments. As mentioned, the first stage engines burn up in the atmosphere or crash into the oceans. SpaceX came up with a genius plan to save just enough fuel in the first stage to land it back on Earth. This way, it can be reused for a following mission, reducing the cost of the launch by roughly $50 million by some estimates. SpaceX claims that the first stage rocket accounts for 75 % of the cost of each launch. This has been very difficult to do because the design is not meant to land, it is meant to launch. It is very tall and top heavy. It is like dropping a pencil from the top of Empire State building and hoping it lands upright. Previously, SpaceX had been attempting this at sea using a floating landing pad because they were unsure of how accurately and safely they could return the rocket. Although they were unsuccessful in landing, they were able to demonstrate that they had some degree of accuracy. This time they used a landing pad on land, making it easier to recover the first stage. This may be a catalyst for space travel, allowing relatively cheap launches into space. This allows companies to launch more satellites, scientists to run more experiments, and to put more people in space. Edit: Accuracy of launch costs Since this was the first SpaceX thread to hit the ELI5 front page, and since it's general in its wording, I'm stickying this and directing the flood of new SpaceX posts here. If anyone has a question related to this topic, please post it as a comment here rather than creating a new post. If Boeing had to build a new airplane after every flight, no one would be able to afford to fly. This opens the door for relatively cheap satellite placement which opens up all kinds of possibilities such as global wifi | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 19.136271 | [
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Why does the political right hate unions so much? And what are the advantages and disadvantages of unions? Explain like I' m five. | Some people on the political right may not like unions because they believe that unions give too much power to workers and make it difficult for businesses to be successful. They may also believe that unions are unnecessary because they feel that workers and employers can negotiate fair terms on their own. On the other hand, some people on the political left may support unions because they believe that unions help to protect the rights and interests of workers. They may also believe that unions help to ensure that workers are paid fair wages and have safe working conditions. The advantages of unions include the ability to negotiate for better wages, benefits, and working conditions for their members. Unions can also provide support and representation for workers in disputes with their employers. The disadvantages of unions may include the cost of union membership fees, the potential for conflict between union leaders and members, and the possibility that unions may make it more difficult for businesses to be competitive. Overall, the pros and cons of unions depend on the specific circumstances and needs of the workers and the businesses involved. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 6.050165 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Mukhtass al-Mulk'
Mukhtass al-Mulk Kashi was a Persian bureaucrat, | Mukhtass al-Mulk Kashi was a Persian bureaucrat, who served as the vizier of the Seljuk sultan Ahmad Sanjar from 1124 to 1127. According to the Saljuq-nama, Mukhtass al-Mulk was the nephew of a certain Abu Tahir Ismail Safi-yi, a prominent dabir (scribe) and calligrapher from Kashan, who was favoured with Sultan Malik-Shah I and the latters vizier Nizam al-Mulk (died 1092). Abu Tahir Ismail Safi-yi was the kadkhuda (lieutenant) of Amir Qumaj, but was later murdered by a certain Turshak Sawabi, whom Mukhtass al-Mulk demanded retribution against. Mukhtass al-Mulk himself later entered into the service of Amir Qumaj, as he was appointed his deputy by Nizam al-Mulk. Under Muhammad I Tapar , Mukhtass al-Mulk occupied various posts, such as tughra'i and mustawfi. While Ahmad Sanjar was campaigning in Iraq, Mukhtass al-Mulk impressed him, as a result was given the governorship of Ray, where he had a successful tenure. After Sanjar dismissed his vizier Muhammad ibn Sulayman Kashghari, he convinced Mukhtass al-Mulk to leave Iraq and serve him as his new vizier. Mukhtass al-Mulk is mentioned in three poems of the Persian court poet Mu'izzi (died 1125/7). Mukhtass al-Mulk was succeeded by Marwazi. | wiki-intro | 0 | 29.723387 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'The Perfect Circle'
The Perfect Circle (Bosnian: Savršeni krug) is | The Perfect Circle (Bosnian: Savršeni krug) is a 1997 Bosnian film by Ademir Kenović set in Sarajevo during the siege of 1992-1996. It was written by Kenović with Pjer Žalica and Abdulah Sidran. The title derives from the ability of "Hamza" (played by Mustafa Nadarević) to draw perfect circles on paper. Plot
A Bosnian poet (Hamza) lives with his family in Sarajevo during the hard times in the horrific siege of the city. The war in Bosnia is raging all around them. After sending his wife (Gospoda) and daughter (Miranda) to Croatia, he finds two orphans Adis and Kerim, who escaped a massacre in their own village, hiding in his home. After escaping their village they have come to Sarajevo in search of their aunt, who used to live in the Bistrik district. Hamza decides to help the boys by sheltering them and helping them look for their aunt. After a long search, Hamza discovers that the boys' aunt has been airlifted to Germany. Upon learning this Hamza tries to save the kids by sending them out of the war zone. But the only way out is through the Sarajevo International Airport, which is a dangerous passage occupied and monitored by Chetniks and their death squads as well as snipers. As they try to cross and take refuge from Serb shelling in a building, a Serb soldier shoots the dog that Adis and Kerim have adopted. Kerim kills two Serbs as they are approaching Hamza and him. Outside of the building, Hamza and Kerim find Adis, who has died. They take him to the cemetery to be buried. On the wooden headstone placed on the grave, Kerim writes 'Adis', and encircles the name. | wiki-intro | 0 | 20.236946 | [
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-Please explain to me why it's such a terrible thing for the UN to recognize a Palestinian state? I don't get it. Explain like I' m five. | Basically, Israel and the US are arguing that recognition by the UN is supposed to be the Palestinian reward for making peace with Israel. Quite a few other countries are arguing that the only realistic way of having succesful peace negotiations is when there's a stable Palestinian state that has enough control over its own country to stop their people from firing rockets. Metaphor time: your mom wants you to drink your milk, while you want a cookie. She's saying you can only have the cookie, once you've drunk your milk, because she's afraid that if you get the cookie, you'll eat it and still not drink your milk. You're saying that you'd drink the milk, if only you had a cookie to go with it. I was going to post to this subreddit but since this question is some what related I'll ask here. What does it mean for a country to have the UN recognize it as a state? What do they obtain from that recognition? That's a fairly complex issue to explain to a 5 year old, but I'll have a crack. If the countries of the world agree that Palestinian is a state or country, it will make it more difficult for their neighbour, Israel, to do as it pleases without getting in trouble, like stealing peoples homes and land and using unarmed people as bullet shields, which is as mean as it sounds: (. Some people in countries like the US and Australia are Jewish, and * some * of those people * really, really, * don't want anyone to stop Israel from doing those things, so they spend time and money convincing the governments in the countries they live in to side with Israel. This is why the US will vote against and countries like Australia and maybe the UK will abstain from voting on Palestinian statehood, even though most of the people who make up those countries think it is a good idea. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 18.502811 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Easter egg (media)'
An Easter egg is a message, image, | An Easter egg is a message, image, or feature hidden in software, a video game, a film, or another, usually electronic, medium. The term used in this manner was coined around 1979 by Steve Wright, the then-Director of Software Development in the Atari Consumer Division, to describe a hidden message in the Atari video game Adventure, in reference to an Easter egg hunt. The earliest known video game Easter egg is in Moonlander (1973), in which the player tries to land a spaceship on the moon; if the player flies horizontally enough, they encounter a McDonald's restaurant and if they land next to it an astronaut will visit it instead of standing next to the ship. The earliest known Easter egg in software in general is one placed in the "make" command for PDP-6/PDP-10 computers sometime in October 1967–October 1968, wherein if the user attempts to create a file named "love" by typing "make love", the program responds "not war?" before proceeding. Origin | wiki-intro | 0 | 33.056812 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Xijin Bridge'
Xijin Bridge , is an ancient Chinese | Xijin Bridge , is an ancient Chinese covered bridge or lángqiáo (廊桥) located in Yongkang, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, China. It is the largest covered bridge in Zhejiang Province, and one of the largest in China. History
The bridge was constructed during the Ming Dynasty as a wooden bridge. In the 57th year of the Kangxi Era (1718), the bridge was rebuilt, and in the early period of the Yongzheng Era, the bridge's piers were replaced with stones to improve its load capacity. At the beginning of the Qianlong Era, the construction of the bridge was finished. During the Jiaqing Era, the bridge was repaired once and in the 12th year (1807), a stone stele (cenotaph) was erected to praise bridge builders and to summarize the history of the bridge. The inscription on the stele is known as Xijin Qiao Zhi (traditional Chinese: 《西津橋志》, simplified Chinese: 《西津桥志》, pinyin: Xī Jīn Qiáo Zhì, literally meaning "the inscript of the Xijin Bridge"). | wiki-intro | 0 | 14.021805 | [
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Q. Can you help me interpret my preventive health screening reports? Hello doctor, I am a 32 year old male. I recently went for a preventive health screening. I need your valuable feedback regarding my reports. | Hello. I have gone through your reports (attachment removed to protect patient identity). So overall, reports are fine, except for platelets, which is in the borderline. So, there is no need to worry. Hope this helps. For more information consult an internal medicine physician online--> https://www. icliniq. com/ask-a-doctor-online/internal-medicine-physician | hc3-medicine | 0 | 22.190704 | [
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Miltiadis Kanaris (, 6 June 1822 – | Miltiadis Kanaris (, 6 June 1822 – 7 November 1901) was a Greek admiral and politician. He was the son of Konstantinos Kanaris. Biography
He was born on 6 June 1822 in Psara as the fourth out of the seven children of Konstantinos Kanaris, a distinguished fighter of the Greek War of Independence and his wife Despoina Maniati. It was said that he was born on the same day that his father blew up the Turkish flagship at Chios. He studied in the Bavarian Military School in Munich from 1833 until 1843. After the end of his studies Kanaris joined the Greek Navy and later he continued his studies in France, where he served for three years in the French Navy. In 1886, he was Inspector General of the Greek fleet and three years later (1889) he retired, but was recalled to duty in 1897 when the Greco-Turkish War broke out, temporarily undertaking the leadership of the Battleship Squadron from 7 August until 20 December 1897. | wiki-intro | 0 | 17.247505 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on '1952 Thomas Cup'
The 1952 Thomas Cup competition is an | The 1952 Thomas Cup competition is an international men's team tennis competition played annually between teams representing Europe and the United States. The competition was first held in 1948 but was not sanctioned by the International Tennis Federation (ITF) until 1952. The European team has won the competition four times, most recently in 2006, while the United States has won three times, most recently in 1992.
The competition is considered the most prestigious team tennis event, and is often referred to as the World Cup of Team Tennis. The European team has been dominant in recent years, winning thirteen of the twenty competitions contested since 1994. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.116031 | [
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