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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Pyotr Leshchenko'
Pyotr Konstantinovich Leshchenko (; 2 June 189816 | Pyotr Konstantinovich Leshchenko (; 2 June 189816 July 1954), a singer in the Russian Empire, Romania and later the Soviet Union, is universally considered "the King of Russian Tango" and specifically known for his rendition of "Serdtse"—a tango, sung unusually not in Spanish but in Russian. Biography
He was born as an illegitimate child of the Russian Empire in Isayevo village of the Kherson Governorate (now part of Odessa Oblast, Ukraine) into a poor and illiterate Ukrainian peasant family. During the First World War, his mother and stepfather moved to Chișinău (Bessarabia Governorate), which was later united with Romania (today's Moldova). He was drafted into the Russian army, and attended an officers college in Kiev. After graduating he was sent to the front, and was wounded soon thereafter, recuperating at a military hospital in Chișinău. He was proficient in numerous languages: Russian, Ukrainian, Romanian, German, and others. In his early childhood, he sang in a church choir and learned how to play the 7-string guitar. | wiki-intro | 0 | 18.210785 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Battle of Keresztes'
The Battle of Keresztes (also known as | The Battle of Keresztes (also known as the Battle of Szigetsvár) was fought on October 14, 1526, between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg Monarchy in present-day Hungary.
The battle was fought after a long siege of the city by the Ottomans. The Hungarians were able to break through the Ottoman lines and inflicted heavy casualties on the invaders. However, the victory was not permanent and the city was eventually taken by the Ottomans in 1529. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.409035 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Andy Yates'
Andrew “snake hips” Yates is a professional | Andrew “snake hips” Yates is a professional footballer who plays for Championship side Sheffield Wednesday. A midfielder, Yates made his professional debut for Manchester United in 2005 and has since played for clubs including Leeds United, Portsmouth, Watford, Sheffield Wednesday, Bolton Wanderers and Reading. He has also represented the Republic of Ireland at international level.
Yates started his career with Manchester United, making his professional debut in 2005. He spent three years with the club before joining Leeds United in 2007. After two seasons with the club, he joined Portsmouth in 2010. He spent four seasons with Portsmouth before joining Watford in 2014. He spent one season with Watford before joining Sheffield Wednesday the following year. He has spent the majority of his career with Sheffield Wednesday, making over 150 appearances for the club. | wiki-intro | 1 | 4.77835 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Chen Muhua'
Chen Muhua (; 1921 – 12 May | Chen Muhua (; 1921 – 12 May 2011) was a Chinese Communist revolutionary and politician who served as Vice Premier, State Councilor, Minister of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade, Commissioner of the National Family Planning Commission, Governor of the People's Bank of China, and Chairwoman of the All-China Women's Federation. She was an alternate member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China, one of the few women to have entered China's top decision-making body. Early life
Chen Muhua was born in 1921 in Qingtian County, Zhejiang Province, during the Republic of China period. Her uncle was a Kuomintang air force official who helped her complete high school education, but she was sympathetic to the Communist cause and went to Yan'an, the wartime base of the Communists, in 1938, after the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War. She told her mother that she would return in six months, but was unable to go home until the end of the war in 1945, when her mother had already died. | wiki-intro | 0 | 10.065224 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Alexander Sladkovsky'
Alexander Sladkovsky (born 20 October 1965, Taganrog, | Alexander Sladkovsky (born 20 October 1965, Taganrog, Russia) is a Russian-born French composer.
Alexander Sladkovsky was born in Taganrog, Russia in 1965. He studied music at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory, where he received his diploma in 1988. Sladkovsky then moved to France, where he continued his studies at the University of Paris VIII - Pantheon-Sorbonne. He graduated with a degree in composition in 1992.
Since 1992, Sladkovsky has been living and working in France. He has composed for various ensembles and orchestras, including the Ensemble Intercontemporain, Les Ambassadeurs, and the Orchestre National de France. His works have been performed throughout Europe and Asia, and have been awarded several prizes, including the prestigious Prix de Rome (1997).
In 2007, Sladkovsky was appointed Composer-in-Residence at the Schola Cantorum Basiliensis, a position he continues to hold. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.868082 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Wells of Toledo'
In Toledo, Spain before the standardization of | In Toledo, Spain before the standardization of weights and measures, there were many different types of wells. One type was the "bodega" well. These wells were used to store water and other items.
Today, many of these wells are still in use. Some are used for drinking water, while others are used for irrigation. The Wells of Toledo are a popular tourist destination. | wiki-intro | 1 | 10.155947 | [
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How to use proceeds of old house sale shortly after buying new house? | There are several options for using the proceeds from the sale of an old house shortly after buying a new one:Pay off debt: If you have any outstanding debt, such as a mortgage or credit card debt, you can use the proceeds to pay it off. This can help reduce your monthly expenses and improve your overall financial situation.Invest the money: You can consider investing the proceeds in a financial product, such as a mutual fund or an individual retirement account (IRA). This can help grow your money over time and provide a source of income in the future.Use the money for home renovations: If you have any renovations or improvements you want to make to your new home, you can use the proceeds to fund those projects.Save the money for a rainy day: It's always a good idea to have some savings on hand for emergencies or unexpected expenses. You can use the proceeds from the sale of your old home to add to your savings or create a new emergency fund.Use the money to fund a vacation or other leisure activity: If you have a specific goal or dream in mind, such as taking a long-awaited vacation or purchasing a recreational vehicle, you can use the proceeds to help make it a reality.Ultimately, the best use of the proceeds will depend on your individual financial situation and goals. It's a good idea to consider all of your options and make a decision that aligns with your long-term financial plan. There are a few options for using the proceeds from the sale of your old house shortly after purchasing a new one. Here are a few ideas:Pay off debt: If you have any outstanding debts, such as a mortgage or credit card balances, you can use the proceeds from the sale of your old house to pay them off. This can help you reduce your monthly expenses and potentially save money on interest.Make a down payment on your new house: If you financed your new house with a mortgage, you can use the proceeds from the sale of your old house to make a larger down payment. This can help you reduce your monthly mortgage payments and potentially save money on interest over the life of the loan.Invest the money: If you don't need the proceeds from the sale of your old house for immediate expenses, you can consider investing the money. This could be a good option if you have a long-term investment horizon and are comfortable with some level of risk.Save the money for a rainy day: If you're not sure what you want to do with the proceeds from the sale of your old house, you can simply save the money for a rainy day. This can give you a financial cushion to fall back on in case of an unexpected expense or emergency.Ultimately, the best option for you will depend on your financial situation and long-term financial goals. It may be helpful to speak with a financial advisor or tax professional to determine the best course of action for your specific situation. | hc3-finance | 1 | 6.9634 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Paul Block'
Paul Block (November 2, 1875 – June | Paul Block (November 2, 1875 – June 22, 1941) was president of Paul Block and Associates (later Block Communications) and publisher of the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette and Toledo Blade. Biography
Block was born on November 2, 1875 to a poor Lithuanian Jewish family in Königsberg, East Prussia. In 1885, his parents immigrated to Elmira, New York, where his father worked as a ragpicker. Block attended Elmira public schools and at the age of 10, he worked as a part-time newsboy and office messenger with Harry Brooks, the founder of the Elmira Telegram, where he learned the newspaper business. In 1900, he left the Elmira Telegram and formed his own advertising rep firm which sold national advertising for client newspapers, Block Communications, and is credited with pioneering the concept of national news advertising. He developed a close friendship and business relationship with William Randolph Hearst frequently serving as a frontman for Hearst's newspaper acquisitions (Block's mistress Marion Davies would become Hearst's mistress and Block would later serve as Hearst's executor) as well as purchasing several papers outright beginning with the Newark Star-Eagle and the Detroit Journal. In 1926, he acquired the Toledo Blade and in 1927, he created the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. He went on to own 14 papers. | wiki-intro | 0 | 16.575649 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'MidWest AE series'
The MidWest AE series are lightweight, liquid-cooled, | The MidWest AE series are lightweight, liquid-cooled, four-stroke engines designed for motocross, supercross, and enduro use. The series is manufactured by the Yamaha Motor Company and consists of two displacements: 494cc and 649cc.
The MidWest AE series engines are notable for their high performance and fuel economy. They are also known for their reliability and ease of maintenance. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.684433 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on '-ismist Recordings'
-ismist Recordings was a Lincoln, Nebraska-based | -ismist Recordings was a Lincoln, Nebraska-based independent record label founded in 1992 by Dan Schlissel. Over the 1990s, -ismist released nearly 80 albums and singles by bands including Killdozer, Season to Risk, and House of Large Sizes. It is most widely known for comedy albums by Lewis Black and Doug Stanhope, as well as Iowa metal band Slipknot's 1997 debut/demo, Mate.Feed.Kill.Repeat. By the early 2000s, after Slipknot had moved on to major label Roadrunner Records and Schlissel had found greater success with comedians like Black and Stanhope than with indie rock, he changed his focus to comedy albums on a new, Minneapolis-based label, Stand Up! Records, which eventually replaced -ismist entirely. History
In 1988, Schlissel was a student at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln, where he majored in physics, worked at an off-campus record store called Feedback, and booked concerts for the university as chairman of the concert and dance committee. In 1992, inspired by the success of indie music labels such as Sub Pop, he founded the label which would eventually become -ismist Recordings, at first basing the business out of his dorm room at the university.
The label's original name, -ism, was short for "In Spite of Myself" and was also meant to embrace a wide diversity of art and philosophy. In 1996, Schlissel changed the name to -ismist, short for "In Spite of Myself, In Spite of Them," after New York punk band Ism objected that the original name was too similar to its own. | wiki-intro | 0 | 31.601471 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Jordan Verdone'
Jordan David Verdone (born April 7, 1989, | Jordan David Verdone (born April 7, 1989, in Indianapolis, Indiana) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Boston Red Sox of Major League Baseball (MLB).
Verdone was drafted by the Red Sox in the first round of the 2009 MLB draft. He made his MLB debut with the team in 2013. In 2015, he won a Silver Slugger Award as the best offensive player on the Red Sox.
Verdone was born in Indianapolis, Indiana, to David and Toni Verdone. He has two older sisters, Toni and Lisa. Verdone attended Elder High School in Indianapolis, where he played baseball and lacrosse. He was drafted by the Red Sox in the first round of the 2009 MLB draft.
Verdone made his professional debut with the Greenville Drive of the Class A South Atlantic League in 2011. In 2012, he pitched for the Salem Red Sox of the Class A-Short Season New England League and won a Rawlings Gold Glove Award as the best defensive player in Minor League Baseball.
Verdone made his major league debut with the Red Sox on June 24, 2013, against the Tampa Bay Rays. In 7 innings pitched, he allowed no runs on three hits and one walk while striking out four batters. He became only the fourth pitcher in Red Sox history to record a strikeout in his first major league inning (joining Pedro Martínez, Tim Wakefield, and John Smoltz). He also became only the second pitcher in Red Sox history to record | wiki-intro | 1 | 4.925637 | [
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Why does water climb up into tissue? Why when you put a piece of tissue into contact with a droplet of water does the water droplet climb up into the tissue? Explain like I' m five. | Water has a property called surface tension, which means that the molecules of water tend to stick together and form a surface that is strong and resists being broken. When you put a piece of tissue in contact with a droplet of water, the water droplet is attracted to the fibers of the tissue because of capillary action. Capillary action is the movement of a liquid through a small opening or channel, such as the tiny spaces between the fibers in a piece of tissue.\n\nThe water molecules are attracted to the fibers in the tissue and they start to climb up the tissue because of capillary action. As the water moves up the tissue, the surface tension of the water helps to pull more water molecules up with it. This is why the water droplet appears to "climb" up into the tissue.\n\nIt's important to note that this process is driven by the forces of attraction between the water molecules and the fibers in the tissue, and it is not caused by the water being "sucked" up into the tissue. The water droplet will continue to climb up the tissue until it reaches a point where the forces of gravity and surface tension are balanced, at which point the droplet will stop moving and stay in place. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 8.236506 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Terimon'
Terimon (foaled 20 April 1986) was a | Terimon (foaled 20 April 1986) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. His most successful year was 1991, when he won the International Stakes at York and was named European Champion Older Horse at the inaugural Cartier Racing Awards. He is best known, however, for his performance in the 1989 Derby in which he finished second at odds of 500/1, the longest ever recorded for a placed horse in the race. Background
Terimon was a grey horse, standing 16 hands high, bred by the Hesmonds Stud in East Sussex in 1986. His sire Bustino was the best horse to race in the colours of Terimon's owner, Lady Beaverbrook. Bustino was a notable influence for stamina, being the sire of the Ascot Gold Cup winner Paean and the Coronation Cup winner Easter Sun. His dam, Nicholas Grey, from whom he inherited his colour, won the Listed Premio Carlo Chiesa and was placed in the Oaks d'Italia. | wiki-intro | 0 | 54.843315 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Aavin scam'
The Aavin milk scam involved continuous diversion | The Aavin milk scam involved continuous diversion of supply vans from various districts midway on the route to Chennai and diluting with water. Aavin is the co-operative milk society of the state government of Tamil Nadu, India. The scam was found out on 19 August 2014 when police investigated the van from Narayanapuram village that was carrying empty milk cans that left Tiruvannamalai chilling centre bound to Chennai. Following the news, the state minister for milk was stripped of his post, nine Aavin officials were suspended and the chief suspect, Vaidyanathan, was arrested. The initial estimate of the losses have been valued at one per cent of the total ten lakh litres, amounting to 23 lakhs a day. Background
The Dairy Development Department was established in Tamil Nadu in 1958 and the administrative and statutory control of all the milk co-operative societies in the state came under its jurisdiction. The Co-operative Milk Producers' Federation Limited was registered on 1 February 1981 and the commercial activities like procurement, processing, chilling, packing and sale of milk were transferred from the department to the Federation, which was called Aavin. The dairy units in the state operate in a three-tier model at state, district and village levels. Aavin was one of the few original agencies using vendor machines in India. Booths were run in the capital city where flavoured milk, milk sweets, ghee, butter and plain milk are sold. Each year, the organization introduced new products. The agency provided high-quality milk at reasonably low cost in the state. | wiki-intro | 0 | 36.730957 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Euploea crameri'
Euploea crameri, the spotted black crow, is | Euploea crameri, the spotted black crow, is a medium-sized black crow found in North America. Like other crows, it is a scavenger and acquires its food by stealing it from other animals or by finding food hidden by others.
The spotted black crow is the only member of the genus Euploea. It is found in North America, where its range extends from southern Canada to northeastern Mexico, and west to Texas and Oklahoma. This species is most common in the eastern parts of its range, where it is found in deciduous and mixed forests. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.714983 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Massage Parlor Murders!'
Massage Parlor Murders! is a 1973 American | Massage Parlor Murders! is a 1973 American exploitation-crime-horror film directed by Chester Fox and Alex Stevens. The film stars George Spencer, John Moser, Sandra Peabody, Brother Theodore and George Dzundza, who respectively portray Rizotti, Detective O'Mara, Gwen, Theodore, and Mr. Creepy. The film revolves around the detectives Rizotti (Spencer) and O'Mara (Moser) as they investigate the murders of massage parlor workers in the New York area. Marketed as being similar in tone to Alfred Hitchcock's psychological horror film Psycho (1960), the film was released into drive-in theaters and the grindhouse circuit in 1973. Subsequently, the film began to be advertised as a sexploitation film and was released under the title Massage Parlor Hookers! with the horror film elements being removed. The film did not have a home video release until 2013. Plot
Detective Rizotti and his partner Detective O'Mara begin investigating the mysterious murders that have recently started happening in the red light district of New York's massage parlors. | wiki-intro | 0 | 19.072062 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Daybreak (2008 film)'
Daybreak is a 2008 Philippine gay | Daybreak is a 2008 Philippine gay indie film written by Charliebebs Gohetia and directed by the Manila-based Filipino director Adolfo Borinaga Alix, Jr. who also directed other indie films such as Donsol, Kadin and Batanes: Sa Dulo Ng Walang Hanggan. The movie features only two characters, Coco Martin (as JP) and Paolo Rivero (as William) who are both Filipino actors. The film is homosexual in terms of theme but was rated R-18 uncut, regardless of its nudity features by the Movie and Television Review and Classification Board (MTRCB) in the Philippines as most of the members of the board were impressed by the cinematography and intelligence of the film. Daybreak had its exclusive screenings on February 13 and 14, 2008 at the University of the Philippines Cine Adarna (formerly UP Film Institute). The movie was officially released and aired in major Philippine cinemas from February 20 to March 11, 2008. Daybreak is produced by Bicycle Productions. Introduction | wiki-intro | 0 | 44.199413 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Greeks in Uzbekistan'
There are approximately 9,000 ethnic Greeks in | There are approximately 9,000 ethnic Greeks in Uzbekistan. The community is made up of Greeks from Russia who were deported by force from that country to Uzbekistan in the 1940s, and political refugees from Greece. About 30,000 Greeks lived in the country before World War II and a further 11,000 arrived after the Greek Civil War and the defeat of Democratic Army of Greece. Their numbers have dwindled from a high of some 40,000 in the 1960s. The main reason is emigration to Greece after the end of the Cold War when laws allowed the return of all ethnic Greeks who had been exiled for political reasons after the Greek Civil War. The biggest Greek community in the country is in the capital city of Tashkent where most of the Greek political refugees were relocated by the Soviet authorities. In ancient times the south of the country was part of the Hellenistic Seleucid Kingdom but the few Greek communities there have since assimilated. The most important organization representing ethnic Greeks is the Greek Cultural Association of Tashkent. The activities of this organization include Greek language instruction (19 classes with a total of 571 students, classes for adults) and the teaching of Greek dances and music. | wiki-intro | 0 | 15.710071 | [
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Why is it that if you lick or spit on something, your saliva smells pretty bad, but it doesn't necessarily taste bad to kiss someone? And another person's mouth doesn't have to smell bad up close either. Please explain like I' m five. | Saliva doesn't usually taste bad to kiss someone because it doesn't have a strong flavor on its own. However, if you lick or spit on something, the saliva may pick up the taste and smell of whatever it's on, which could make it taste or smell unpleasant.
As for why someone's mouth doesn't have to smell bad up close, it's because the mouth and saliva have natural bacteria and enzymes that help to break down food and keep the mouth clean. These bacteria and enzymes also help to prevent bad breath. However, if a person's mouth is not properly cared for, such as by brushing and flossing regularly and having a healthy diet, it can lead to a buildup of bacteria and cause bad breath or a bad smell in the mouth. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 9.558311 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Ciegos de Siglos'
Ciegos de Siglos (Blind of Centuries) is | Ciegos de Siglos (Blind of Centuries) is a Mexican historical telenovela produced by Carlos Padilla for Televisa in 2007.
The telenovela is based on the story of Conchita Alonso, a blind woman who lived in 17th century Mexico and became the object of a love affair between the Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés and her daughter, Doña Marina.
The story was originally filmed as a miniseries in 2004, and was later adapted for television.
Televisa announced on November 12, 2007 that it had signed a production deal with Carlos Padilla to develop a remake of the telenovela "Ciegos de Siglos" with new actors. The remake was officially announced on January 5, 2008. The telenovela began filming on February 10, 2008 and premiered on September 21, 2008. The show ran for 116 episodes.
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Idle No More'
Idle No More is an ongoing protest | Idle No More is an ongoing protest movement in Canada started in December 2012 by the indigenous communities of the north.
The protests have been ongoing since 2012, originally in response to the Conservative government's Bill C-45, which was designed to dismantle the Canadian Human Rights Act and replaced it with the discriminatory Canadian Values Act. The protests have since evolved into a broader movement against systemic racism and exploitation of indigenous people in Canada. The protesters demand better living conditions, economic equality, and recognition of First Nations, Métis, and Inuit rights.
Idle No More has been met with opposition from the government and business interests, who accuse the protesters of disrupting economic development and sabotaging Canada's reputation abroad. However, public opinion has shifted in favour of the protesters, with a majority of Canadians now supporting their demands. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.342539 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Leonard Broom'
Vale Leonard Broom (November 8, 1911 in | Vale Leonard Broom (November 8, 1911 in Bristol, England – February 7, 2002 in Bristol) was a British painter, sculptor, and printmaker.
Leonard Broom was born into a well-to-do family in 1911 in Bristol, England. After studying at the Royal College of Art, he moved to London in 1935 to pursue a career as an artist. He soon found success, exhibiting his work in the prestigious Royal Academy of Arts and winning several awards.
Broom's work is characterized by its use of brightly colored paint and sculptures that are often whimsical and humorous. He is best known for his paintings of London street scenes and for his sculptures of circus animals. He also made a series of prints depicting London life during the 1940s. Leonard Broom died in 2002 at the age of 90. | wiki-intro | 1 | 10.145531 | [
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The square root of negative 1 I'm reading "We" by yevgeny zamyatin and the protagonist using this mathematical expression to convey how he is feeling. Only I don't understand the math, so I'm having trouble with the comparison. Help Explain like I' m five. | The square root of negative one, also known as "i," is a concept from complex mathematics. In real numbers, the square root of a number is a value that when multiplied by itself will give you the original number. For example, the square root of 4 is 2, because 2 x 2 is 4.
However, in complex mathematics, there are numbers called "imaginary numbers," which are numbers that can be written as the square root of a negative number. The most commonly used imaginary number is "i," which is defined as the square root of negative one.
In other words, i is a special kind of number that doesn't really exist in the same way that regular numbers do. It's a little bit like how in a story or movie, a character might have a "fantasy" or a "dream," which is not really real, but is still important to the story.
So when the protagonist in the book you're reading talks about the square root of negative one, they might be using it to describe a feeling or a state of mind that is hard to understand or describe in more concrete terms. It might be a way of saying that they are feeling confused, or that their thoughts and emotions are in a strange or difficult place. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 8.306737 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Byrds (album)'
Byrds is the twelfth and final studio | Byrds is the twelfth and final studio album by the American rock band the Byrds, released in April 1972 on Columbia Records. Recording sessions for the album took place in late 1971 and early 1972 at the Columbia Recording Studio in Burbank, California.
The album was produced by the band, with assistance from Dave Mason, with arrangements by Michael Clarke and Andy Johns. It was the last album released under the Byrds' original name, as they would subsequently change their name to Sweetwater.
The album peaked at number 11 on the "Billboard" 200 chart and remained on the chart for 37 weeks. It also reached number two on the Top Pop Albums chart and number five on the Country Albums chart. The title track reached number one on both the country and pop charts, becoming the band's only top-ten country hit in America.
The critical response to Byrds was generally positive. However, some critics felt that it was a lesser effort than their earlier work. It has since been certified platinum by the RIAA.
In 2002, "Byrds" was ranked number 318 on "Rolling Stone" magazine's list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.
In 2003, "Byrds" was ranked number 232nd on "Rolling Stone" magazine's list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.
In 2013, "Q" magazine placed it at number 36 in its list of 50 Best British Albums Ever. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.74314 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Bangor City F.C.'
Bangor City Football Club is a | Bangor City Football Club is a professional association football club based in Bangor, County Down, Northern Ireland. The club was formed in 1883 and competes in the Irish Premiership. They are also members of the League of Ireland and the Irish Football Association. The ground they play at is Mourneview Park.
The club's home colours are all navy blue with white trim. They have a fierce rivalry with Crusaders F.C., who are also based in Bangor. | wiki-intro | 1 | 14.792015 | [
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What could cause productive cough with little red streaks and dizziness? I am a healthy 39 yearold female. A productive cough started four days ago. No fever or any other symptoms but, I am a little dizzy... The coughing happens in little fits... Mostly clear a little but of red-streaks sometimes Otherwise, I feel great.... When should the coughing go away? | It's difficult to diagnose a condition without a thorough evaluation by a healthcare provider, but there are a few possible causes of a productive cough with little red streaks and dizziness that come to mind. These include:
Bronchitis: This is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which can cause coughing, shortness of breath, and chest discomfort. The cough may be productive and sometimes accompanied by blood-tinged mucus.
Pneumonia: This is an infection of the lungs that can cause symptoms such as fever, chills, chest pain, and coughing that produces phlegm.
Sinusitis: This is an inflammation of the sinuses that can cause symptoms such as headache, fever, nasal congestion, and a cough that may produce phlegm.
Allergic reaction: If you have allergies, you may experience a productive cough and dizziness as symptoms of an allergic reaction.
It's important to see a healthcare provider to determine the cause of your symptoms and get the appropriate treatment. The length of time that your cough will last will depend on the underlying cause and the effectiveness of any treatment you receive. | hc3-medicine | 1 | 6.600389 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'SS Mormachawk (1942)'
SS Mormachawk was a United States cargo | SS Mormachawk was a United States cargo ship that was torpedoed and sunk by a German U-boat in 1942.
SS Mormachawk was a United States cargo ship that was torpedoed and sunk by a German U-boat in 1942. The ship was sailing from Miami to New York City with a cargo of cars and trucks when it was sunk. All 45 crew members were killed in the attack. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.22707 | [
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Nicolas de Bonneville, born 13 March 1760 | Nicolas de Bonneville, born 13 March 1760 in Paris, was a French army general and explorer. He led an expedition in 1786-1788 that explored the Great Lakes region of North America.
Bonneville was born into a family of military officers. He began his military career in the Royal Army as a sub-lieutenant in 1778, and was promoted to captain in 1785. In 1786, he was placed in command of an expedition to explore the Great Lakes region of North America. The expedition consisted of two ships, the "Le Diable" and the "Beaupré". The expedition sailed along the eastern shores of Lake Michigan and Lake Superior before turning northward and exploring Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Illinois.
In 1788, Bonneville returned to France with his discoveries. He published a report on his expedition in 1790, and also wrote a book about his travels titled "The Discovery of the Great Lakes". Bonneville later served as the governor of Guadeloupe from 1814 to 1815. He died in Paris on 25 December 1824. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.790038 | [
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The Difference Between Learning and Memory Trying to figure out the difference between the two. Why can kids under 5 learn things (like the alphabet), but most don't retain any long-term memories? How are the two different? Explain like I' m five. | Learning is the process of gaining knowledge or skills through experience, study, or being taught. It involves taking in new information and understanding it.
Memory is the ability to store and recall information. When you learn something, your brain stores that information in your memory so that you can use it later.
Kids under 5 are still developing their memory systems, so they may not be able to retain long-term memories as easily as older children or adults. This is because their brains are still growing and developing the ability to hold onto information for a long time.
However, kids under 5 are still able to learn new things, like the alphabet, because they are able to take in new information and understand it, even if they may not be able to remember it for a long time.
So, in short, learning is the process of gaining new knowledge or skills, and memory is the ability to store and recall that information. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 6.213741 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Carey Wentworth Styles'
Carey Wentworth Styles (October 7, 1825 – | Carey Wentworth Styles (October 7, 1825 – March 15, 1863) was an American soldier, lawyer, and politician who served as a Confederate States Senator from Mississippi.
Styles was born in Fairfax County, Virginia, on October 7, 1825. He attended the common schools and then studied law with Judge Matthew C. Butler at the University of Virginia. He was admitted to the bar in 1849 and commenced practice in Jackson, Mississippi.
In 1853, Styles married Adelaide Baldwin of Natchez, Mississippi. They had two children.
Styles served as prosecuting attorney for Jackson County from 1853 to 1857 and as judge of the nineteenth judicial district from 1859 to 1861. During the American Civil War, Styles served in the Confederate States Army as lieutenant colonel of the Thirty-Third Mississippi Infantry Regiment. He was killed in action at the Battle of Raymond on March 15, 1863. Styles was buried in Greenwood Cemetery in Jackson.
Styles was elected to the Confederate States Senate in 1861 as a Democrat from Mississippi and served until his death. He is best known for his opposition to secession and his efforts to maintain civil rights for African Americans during the Civil War. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.884115 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Artigues, Badalona'
Artigues (also spelled Artigas, both pronounced [əɾˈtigəs] | Artigues (also spelled Artigas, both pronounced [əɾˈtigəs] in Catalan) is an area of Badalona (Barcelonès, Catalonia, Spain) neighbouring Sant Adrià de Besòs. The name derives from a real estate promoter and publisher, Francesc Artigas i Solà, who urbanised the area in 1912. The two spellings of the name reflect Catalan orthography before and after Pompeu Fabra's reform. It was also known as Colònia Artigas, following the convention used in similar industrial areas in the province of Barcelona, and even though officially in the municipality of Badalona, it was often considered to be very autonomous from it and closer to Sant Adrià de Besòs. Within Badalona, it's one of the neighbourhoods which make up the town's district 6. It's part of the innermost region of the metropolitan area of Barcelona, not far from Barcelona proper. Its administrative borders are four streets: carrer d'Alfons XIII, carrer de Bogatell, carrer de Covadonga and carrer de l'Onze de Setembre. The immigrant population of Artigues is important, and during political campaign, some political parties have used their stance on migration policies and management in Artigues as part of their discourse. Transport
The Barcelona Metro station Artigues-Sant Adrià, on L2, serves the area and other adjacent neighbourhoods. Some bus lines such as 44 and B25 provide a direct link between central Barcelona and Artigues. The Trambesòs station Encants de Sant Adrià is also not far from Artigues. | wiki-intro | 0 | 27.949326 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Control by deprivation'
Control deprivation describes the act of not | Control deprivation describes the act of not giving an individual their desires, wants and needs in a deliberate way to control that individual. This is often achieved through acts such as lack of affection, acts indifferent and detached, failure to respond, emotionally distant, deliberately with holding sex, shifts blame to the individual and other techniques. Control deprivation can lead to a wide range of effects, such as causing depression, leading people to aggression, increased social class effects and the use of social stereotypes in making judgements on people as well as product acquisition. Lack of control over a situation can significantly affect a person, changing the way a person thinks and acts. This is often exploited by individuals, businesses and in other situations, however individuals are also very capable of finding alternative means to regain the control that was previously lost and regaining personal control. Definition
Control is the ability to influence and direct behaviour or events, while deprive is to stop and prevent something from happening. Control deprivation is for an individual to use their power and influence to prevent an action that will give another individual joy, whether this action is emotional, physical or any other action. | wiki-intro | 0 | 22.569202 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Freddie Kohlman'
Louis Freddie Kohlman (August 25, 1918 – | Louis Freddie Kohlman (August 25, 1918 – September 29, 1990, aged 72) was an American jazz drummer, vocalist, and bandleader who was a native of New Orleans. He studied under the famed drummer Louis Cottrell, Sr., and Manuel Manetta. Biography
Freddie Kohlman was born in New Orleans and began playing professionally as a teenager, working with A. J. Piron, Joe Robichaux, Papa Celestin, and Sam Morgan. He moved to Chicago in the middle of the 1930s, where he played with Albert Ammons, Stuff Smith, Earl Hines, and Lee Collins. After returning to New Orleans in 1941, he led his own band from 1944. Among the musicians in his band was pianist Dave "Fat Man" Williams. In the mid-1950s he played briefly with Louis Armstrong and recorded as a leader with the Jambalaya Four (1953), then became the house drummer at Jazz, Ltd. in Chicago ("where he played with everyone from Billie Holiday to Art Hodes") before returning to New Orleans once again in the 1960s. There he played with Louis Cottrell, Jr., the Dukes of Dixieland, and the Onward Brass Band (1968). In 1969 he appeared at the New Orleans Jazz Festival. As a member of the Preservation Hall Jazz Band, he traveled widely in the United States and overseas. | wiki-intro | 0 | 18.613987 | [
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If a person with a gun pointed to their head got shot, would they hear the shot or would it be too late? I was wondering if the victim would hear the shot or die before knowing the guy pulled the trigger. Explain like I' m five. | It is possible that the victim might hear the shot if they are still conscious when the gun is fired. However, it is also possible that they might not hear the shot if they lose consciousness before the gun is fired or if the noise of the shot is too loud for them to hear.
It's important to note that being shot in the head can be very serious and potentially deadly. If someone is shot in the head, they should get medical help as soon as possible. It is not something to be taken lightly. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 9.107914 | [
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How does the importance of a cash emergency fund change when you live in a country with nationalized healthcare? | An emergency fund is always important, regardless of whether you live in a country with nationalized healthcare or not. An emergency fund is a sum of money that you set aside in a savings account or other liquid investment specifically for unexpected expenses or emergencies. It can provide financial security and peace of mind by ensuring that you have a source of funds to cover unexpected expenses, such as a sudden medical emergency or a car repair.While nationalized healthcare can provide a safety net for unexpected medical expenses, there may still be other unexpected expenses that can arise that could impact your financial stability. For example, you may still need to pay for co-pays or deductibles, or you may need to cover the cost of transportation to and from medical appointments. Additionally, you may need to cover the cost of other unexpected expenses, such as a car repair or a home repair, which could be expensive and may not be covered by your healthcare plan.Therefore, it is always a good idea to have an emergency fund, regardless of whether you live in a country with nationalized healthcare or not. By setting aside a portion of your income each month, you can build up a fund that you can use to cover unexpected expenses and protect your financial stability. | hc3-finance | 1 | 6.914096 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on '1800 in literature'
This article contains information about the literary | This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1800. Events
January – Maria Edgeworth's first extended work of fiction, Castle Rackrent ("an Hibernian Tale: Taken from Facts, and from the Manners of the Irish Squires, Before the Year 1782"), is published anonymously in London, variously regarded as the first historical novel, the first regional novel in English, the first Anglo-Irish novel, the first Big House novel, the first saga novel and the first with an unreliable narrator.
January 10 – The Serampore Mission and Press is established in Serampore (now part of West Bengal) India by Baptist missionaries Joshua Marshman and William Ward. The press will grow into the largest in Asia, printing books in nearly every Indian language.
March – English "ploughboy poet" Robert Bloomfield's The Farmer's Boy is published with engravings by Thomas Bewick, selling over 25,000 copies in the next two years, with 15 editions by 1827 and a number of translations.
April 24 – The United States establishes the Library of Congress.
June 14 – Friedrich Schiller's historical drama Mary Stuart has its première in Weimar.
September – William Blake begins three years' residence in a cottage at Felpham in Sussex to illustrate the works of William Hayley; here he begins work on his poem Milton.
October 3 – William and Dorothy Wordsworth, walking near Grasmere in the English Lake District, encounter a leech gatherer who inspires his poem "Resolution and Independence", first written 18 months later. | wiki-intro | 0 | 40.402893 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Identity (philosophy)'
In philosophy, identity, from ("sameness"), is | In philosophy, identity, from ("sameness"), is the relation each thing bears only to itself. The notion of identity gives rise to many philosophical problems, including the identity of indiscernibles (if x and y share all their properties, are they one and the same thing?), and questions about change and personal identity over time (what has to be the case for a person x at one time and a person y at a later time to be one and the same person?). It is important to distinguish between qualitative identity and numerical identity. For example, consider two children with identical bicycles engaged in a race while their mother is watching. The two children have the same bicycle in one sense (qualitative identity) and the same mother in another sense (numerical identity). This article is mainly concerned with numerical identity, which is the stricter notion. The philosophical concept of identity is distinct from the better-known notion of identity in use in psychology and the social sciences. The philosophical concept concerns a relation, specifically, a relation that x and y stand in if, and only if they are one and the same thing, or identical to each other (i.e. if, and only if x = y). The sociological notion of identity, by contrast, has to do with a person's self-conception, social presentation, and more generally, the aspects of a person that make them unique, or qualitatively different from others (e.g. cultural identity, gender identity, national identity, online identity and processes of identity formation). Lately, identity has been conceptualized considering humans’ position within the ecological web of life. | wiki-intro | 0 | 17.386169 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Temple Fay'
Temple Sedgwick Fay, M.D. (January 9, 1895, | Temple Sedgwick Fay, M.D. (January 9, 1895, Seattle – March 7, 1963, Philadelphia) was an American neurologist and neurosurgeon. He is known for experimental use of extreme cold to treat patients with malignant tumors or head injuries. Early career
After undergraduate study at the University of Washington, he enrolled in the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, where the famous neurologist William Spiller became his mentor. After graduating in 1923, Fay became at the Philadelphia General Hospital a medical intern, an assistant to Spiller, an assistant to the famous neurosurgeon Charles Harrison Frazier, and then an instructor. During the years 1923 to 1929 Fay developed several new techniques and published several important papers. He was appointed in 1929 Professor and Head of the neurosurgery department at the Temple University School of Medicine. In 1931 he, along with R. Glen Spurling, William P. Van Wagener, and R. Eustace Semmes, started the Harvey Cushing Society, which was later renamed the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS). Fay became in 1937 the 6th President of the Harvey Cushing Society. | wiki-intro | 0 | 17.320641 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Judenporzellan'
Judenporzellan (literally "Jewish Porcelain") is a designation | Judenporzellan (literally "Jewish Porcelain") is a designation given to porcelain made specifically for Jewish use during the time of the Third Reich. This designation was given by the Nazi regime, as a way of distinguishing between the "Aryan" or "Nordic" porcelain made for general consumption and the "Jewish" porcelain specifically intended for Jewish use.
The Judenporzellan industry began in 18th century Europe, as a result of the large number of Jews who migrated to that continent from Spain and Portugal. In 1740, a Jewish potter in Vienna named Abraham Goldschmidt received a patent for his improved pottery kiln. The success of his business led to the establishment of similar kilns in other European cities, and the production of Judenporzellan began to grow.
During the Nazi era, the manufacture and sale of Judenporzellan was subject to strict government control. All potters were required to join the Reich Chamber of Ceramics, and to produce only porcelain intended for Jewish use. This policy was implemented in order to reduce competition between Jewish potters and reduce the supply of inferior quality porcelain available to non-Jewish consumers.
Despite these efforts, much Judenporzellan was produced outside of government control, and there is evidence that some non-Jewish consumers were able to purchase Judenporzellan products. Nevertheless, most Judenporzellan produced during the Nazi era was intended for | wiki-intro | 1 | 11.624971 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Ndilǫ'
Ndilǫ is a First Nations community | Ndilǫ is a First Nations community in the North Slave Region of the Northwest Territories, Canada. The small Dene community is located on the edge of Yellowknife on the tip of Latham Island. It has a population of approximately 200 people. Ndilǫ and Dettah are the communities of the Yellowknives. Ndilǫ is represented by the Yellowknives Dene First Nation (Ndilǫ) and are part of the Akaitcho Territory Government. The land was set aside for use by status Indians by the Government of Canada in 1947 and was called 'Lot 500' on the official register. In 1959, the government built the first ten permanent houses for Dene families. They were colourful homes and so people began referring to the community as 'Rainbow Valley'. In the 1970s there were 200 residents living in 20 houses. The name was officially changed to Ndilǫ in 1991, which means "end of the island" in the local Dene dialect. | wiki-intro | 0 | 25.05501 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Zamani Saul'
Zamani Saul (born 7 March 1972) is | Zamani Saul (born 7 March 1972) is a British actor and singer.
Saul was born in London, the son of Zaidee (née Seidman), a psychotherapist, and Michael Saul, a writer and actor. He was educated at the University of Bristol, where he studied English Literature and Drama.
Saul made his professional stage debut in 1995 playing the role of Jesus in a production of "Jesus Christ Superstar" at the Regent's Park Open Air Theatre. He went on to appear in numerous West End productions, including "The Rocky Horror Show", "Guys and Dolls", "Chicago", "Kiss Me, Kate", "The Sound of Music", and "Miss Saigon".
In 2001, Saul starred as Prince Hal in a London revival of "Henry V". That same year, he appeared in the feature film adaptation of "Oliver Twist" opposite Ralph Fiennes and Emma Thompson. In 2003, he starred as Jean Valjean in the Royal National Theatre's production of "Les Misérables".
In 2006, Saul starred as Lord Byron in the BBC's miniseries adaptation of Byron's life story, " Byron". That same year, he sang the title track for the film adaptation of the musical "The Producers". In 2007, he appeared in the film adaptation of Guy Ritchie's crime caper "Sherlock Holmes".
In 2009, Saul starred as Oscar Wilde in the West End production of Tom Stoppard | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.71752 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Clougha Pike'
Clougha Pike is a hill in | Clougha Pike is a hill in the Forest of Bowland in Lancashire, England. From the west it looms over the Conder Valley, the city of Lancaster and Lancaster University. It is visible from as far away as Barrow-in-Furness, South Lakeland mountains such as the Old Man of Coniston, and Blackpool Tower. From the west, it appears to be a large dome shape, with a cliff-like section at the very top. From the south-west, a series of notches or cloughs are visible in its flanks, giving the hill its distinctive name. The notches vary in size and run across the side of the hillside, but not down it. The largest notch has had part of its floor filled in by a small lake and swamp and is a dramatic gritstone boulder-strewn feature. These notches are thought to have been cut by meltwater flowing south-west from the area of Littledale, along the side of a glacier which occupied the Quernmore valley. They are known as marginal notch channels and are among the best examples of these features in Britain. Clougha can be reached from the west, by a pleasant path that travels up its slopes by Rowton (spelt variously) Brook and then diagonally up the final steep broken rock section. It can also be reached from the east from Grit Fell, over boggy land along a muddy path that is sometimes difficult to distinguish. An approach from the north, from the direction of Caton, is also possible. A small car park is also available close to Clougha Pike, just off Rigg Lane. Another starting point to ascend Clougha is from the Victorian folly of Jubilee Tower, where there is also a car park. | wiki-intro | 0 | 30.1784 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Oborne'
Oborne is a village and civil | Oborne is a village and civil parish in north west Dorset, England, situated just north of the A30 road approximately northeast of Sherborne, and is close to the border with Somerset. In the 2011 census the parish had a population of 101. Oborne shares a grouped parish council, Yeohead & Castleton Parish Council, with the three village parishes of Poyntington, Goathill and Castleton. A new parish church, designed by William Slater, was built on a fresh site in 1862. The volume on Dorset in the Buildings of England series by John Newman and Nikolaus Pevsner describe this as having "nave with bellcote, chancel and apse ... Slater's and Carpenter's typical single and twin lancets with pointed-trefoiled cusping." The remains of the Old St Cuthbert's Church are half a mile south, on the other side of the A30. Only the chancel remains. Oborne had been given to Sherborne Abbey by the Saxon King Edgar in the 10th century and it remained a 'chapel of ease' to the abbey until the Dissolution in 1539. Above the lintels of windows on the east and north sides are inscriptions entreating prayers for the good standing of Abbot John Myer (1533) and Sacristan John Dunster of Sherborne. The interior of the chancel contains a 17th-century pulpit and communion rails as well as a piscina and font from the former church at North Wootton. Nothing now remains of the medieval nave that was demolished in the 1860s. The chancel lay neglected until the 1930s, when a new incumbent began to restore it, taking advice from A. R. Powys (secretary of the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings) who was also responsible for the restoration of the church at Winterborne Tomson, Dorset. | wiki-intro | 0 | 36.941612 | [
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what does leeroy jenkins mean | Leeroy Jenkins, sometimes misspelled Leroy Jenkins and often elongated with numerous additional letters, is an Internet meme named for a player character created by Ben Schulz in Blizzard Entertainment's MMORPG, World of Warcraft. | hc3-open_qa | 0 | 24.886446 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Viktor Abakumov'
Viktor Semyonovich Abakumov (; 24 April 1908 | Viktor Semyonovich Abakumov (; 24 April 1908 – 19 December 1954) was a high-level Soviet security official from 1943 to 1946, the head of SMERSH in the USSR People's Commissariat of Defense, and from 1946 to 1951 Minister of State Security or MGB (ex-NKGB). He was removed from office and arrested in 1951 on fabricated charges of failing to investigate the Doctors' Plot. After the death of Joseph Stalin, Abakumov was tried for fabricating the Leningrad Affair, sentenced to death and executed in 1954. Early life and career
Abakumov was an ethnic Russian. Recent scholarship suggests that he was born in Moscow, though he was previously said to be from the Don Cossack region of south Russia. His father was an unskilled labourer and his mother a nurse. As a teenager, Abakumov joined the Red Army in spring 1922 and served with the 2 Special Task Moscow Brigade in the Russian Civil War until demobilization in December 1923. He then joined the Communist Youth League, became a candidate member of the Communist Party in 1930, and worked in the People's Commissariat of Supplies until 1932, while also being responsible for the Military Section of the Communist Youth League in the Moscow area (raion). In early 1932, recommended by the Party to join the security services (OGPU), he was assigned to the Economic Department and possibly to the Investigation Department. In 1933, he was dismissed from the Economic Department and assigned as an overseer to the GULAG. This was a clear demotion; Abakumov was a compulsive womanizer, and his superior, M.P. Shreider (ru), regarded Abakumov as unfit to be a Chekist. | wiki-intro | 0 | 17.24688 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Invisible ink'
Invisible ink, also known as security ink | Invisible ink, also known as security ink or sympathetic ink, is a substance used for writing, which is invisible either on application or soon thereafter, and can later be made visible by some means. Invisible ink is one form of steganography. History
One of the earliest writers to mention an invisible ink is Aeneas Tacticus, in the 4th century BC. He mentions it in discussing how to survive under siege but does not indicate the type of ink to be used. This was part of his list of the 20 different methods of secret communications in a book called On the Defense of Fortifications. One of the techniques that involved steganography involved puncturing a tiny hole above or below letters in a document to spell out a secret message. This did not include an invisible ink but the Germans improved on the method during World War I and World War II. They used invisible ink and microdots instead of pinpricks. | wiki-intro | 0 | 23.964739 | [
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Why does Dubai look so devoid of human life in many pictures I see posts all the time with pictures of Dubai. There are hardly ever any people. Do they make them all leave for the picture, or are there really no people there? Please explain like I' m five. | Dubai is a city in the United Arab Emirates, and it is a place where many people live and work. It is not uncommon for cities to look empty in some pictures, especially if the picture was taken at a time when most people are not out and about, like early in the morning or late at night. It is also possible that the pictures you have seen were taken in areas of the city that are not heavily populated or are not often visited by people. So, it is not accurate to say that Dubai is a place with no people. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 8.920774 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Mixtape'
A mixtape (alternatively mix-tape or mix tape) | A mixtape (alternatively mix-tape or mix tape) is a type of audio recording, typically a collection of music tracks, made by remixing and combining songs from one or more source recordings.
Mixtapes are usually sold at convenience stores, music retailers, or online. They are often priced at $5 to $10, and sometimes more for special editions. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.92327 | [
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Should I lease, buy new, or buy used? | There are pros and cons to each option, and the best choice for you will depend on your individual circumstances and financial goals. Here are some things to consider when deciding whether to lease, buy new, or buy used:Leasing:Pros:Lower monthly payments compared to financing a new or used carNo need to worry about selling the car when you no longer want it, as you can simply return it to the dealership at the end of the leaseAbility to drive a newer car more often, as you can upgrade to a new car every few yearsCons:You don't own the car, so you don't have the same level of control over itYou may have to pay extra fees for exceeding the mileage limit or for any wear and tear on the carYou won't build equity in the car, as you would if you were to buy itBuying new:Pros:You get a brand new car with the latest features and technologyNew cars often come with a warranty, which can provide peace of mind and protect against unexpected repair costsCons:New cars tend to be more expensive than used carsNew cars depreciate in value quickly, so you may lose money on the car if you decide to sell it soon after buying itBuying used:Pros:Used cars are generally less expensive than new carsUsed cars may have already depreciated in value, so you may not experience as much depreciation if you decide to sell the car laterCons:Used cars may have more wear and tear and may require more repairsUsed cars may not have the same features and technology as new carsUsed cars may not come with a warranty, so you may have to pay for repairs out of pocketUltimately, the decision to lease, buy new, or buy used will depend on your budget, how long you plan to keep the car, and what is most important to you in a car. It may be helpful to consider your financial goals and do some research to compare the costs and benefits of each option before making a decision. | hc3-finance | 1 | 8.472245 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Ivoux'
Ivoux was the name of an electronic | Ivoux was the name of an electronic music duo consisting of Belgian producers Bart Van de Velde and Xavier de Rosnay.
Ivoux is a Belgian electronic music duo consisting of Bart Van de Velde and Xavier de Rosnay. The duo was active from 2004 to 2009, releasing three albums: "One Point Two" (2004), "Ivoux" (2007), and "Ghosts" (2009). Ivoux's music has been described as "a marriage of techno, house, and electronica" with a "unique sound".
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The plot of World of Warcraft Just started playing and the game does a really poor job of introducing new players to the lore. Explain like I' m five. | World of Warcraft (WoW) is a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) set in a fantasy world called Azeroth. In this world, there are two main factions that players can choose to belong to: the Alliance and the Horde.
The Alliance is made up of humans, dwarves, and other races that are fighting to protect their land and way of life from the Horde, which is made up of orcs, trolls, and other races that are often seen as the enemy.
In the game, players can choose to be a warrior, mage, rogue, or other types of characters, and they can go on quests, fight monsters, and explore different parts of the world. There are also other activities that players can do, such as crafting, gathering resources, and participating in player-versus-player (PvP) combat.
The story of WoW is complex and has many different threads, but at its core, it is about the struggle between the Alliance and the Horde and the conflicts that arise between them. There are also many other forces at play, such as powerful magical beings and ancient gods, that can influence the direction of the story. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 17.850962 | [
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How does trickle down economics work and why do some people hate it? Thank you Explain like I' m five. | Trickle-down economics is a theory that suggests that economic benefits will eventually reach all members of society if the government focuses on helping businesses and the wealthy. The idea is that by providing tax breaks and other benefits to businesses and the wealthy, they will have more money to invest in the economy. This investment is supposed to create jobs and stimulate economic growth, which will eventually "trickle down" to the rest of society in the form of increased wages and prosperity.
Some people hate trickle-down economics because they believe it benefits the wealthy at the expense of the poor and middle class. They argue that tax breaks and other benefits for the wealthy do not necessarily lead to increased investment and economic growth, and that the benefits of economic growth are not evenly distributed. They also argue that trickle-down economics can lead to increased income inequality and a concentration of wealth in the hands of a few.
In summary, trickle-down economics is a theory that suggests that helping businesses and the wealthy will lead to economic benefits for everyone, but some people disagree with this idea and think it can lead to unfairness and inequality. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 15.446791 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Isaija the Monk'
Isaija the Monk ( or in English: | Isaija the Monk ( or in English: Saint Isaija of Kiev) is a Christian saint who lived in the 10th century. He is venerated in the Orthodox Church, and his feast day is July 24.
Saint Isaija was born in Kiev in 968 AD to parents of noble background. He was baptized by a priest and began his religious studies under the guidance of an elder. At the age of fifteen, he decided to become a monk, and left home to live in a monastery.
Saint Isaija gained great fame for his asceticism and holiness, and was often called upon to provide guidance to others striving to follow God's commandments. He died at the age of sixty-six, after a long and peaceful life spent in service of God. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.45441 | [
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Are RSUs ever taxed as long term capital gains? | I don' t know the legal framework for RSUs, so I' m not sure what is mandatory and what is chosen by the company issuing them. I recently reviewed one companies offering and it basically looked like a flat purchase of stock on the VEST date. So even if I got a zillion shares for $1 GRANTED to me, if it was 100 shares that vested at $100 on the 1st, then I would owe tax on the market value on the day of vest. Further, the company would withhold 25% of the VEST for federal taxes and 10% for state taxes, if I lived in a state with income tax. The withholding rate was flat, regardless of what my actual tax rate was. Capital gains on the change from the market value on the VEST date was calculated as short-term or long-term based on the time since the VEST date. So if my 100 shares went up to $120, I would pay the $20 difference as short term or long term based on how long I had owned them since the VEST. That said, I don' t know if this is universal. Your HR folks should be able to help answer at least some of these questions, though I know their favorite response when they don' t know is that you should consult a tax professional. Good luck. | hc3-finance | 0 | 19.933445 | [
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There's 21 % oxygen in air. When we breathe out, there's still 16 % oxygen in the exhaled air. Why's our lung so inefficient? original context: URL_ 0 Explain like I' m five. | > Actually, healthy human lungs are extremely efficient, you ’ re just looking at the process from the wrong end. > You are correct that when we breathe in, the air contains roughly 21 % O2, and when we breathe out, the O2 concentration is down to about 16 %. But, look at what is happening to your blood-when it comes into the lung, it still holds about 75 % of the total amount of oxygen that can be carried (either by hemoglobin or dissolved within the water component of blood) *; when it leaves the lung, it is 98– 100 % saturated. Laws of chemistry and physics prevent you from being able to absorb any more oxygen. > Think of it like going to the grocery store to restock your pantry-you do n’ t buy out the whole grocery store just because the food is there, you just buy what you can effectively store and use. > * Venous blood still holds 75 % of the total oxygen it can carry, which shows that our other tissues can only extract about 25 % of the oxygen drawn in as we breathe. We do n’ t use most of the oxygen that we breath in. URL_ 0 Our rate of respiration has more to do with our need to blow off CO2. CO2 in our system makes our blood serum acidic, and it needs to stay with in a strict pH range. That's why in extreme diabetic episodes people tend to hyperventilate. The body is burning fat which makes the blood more acidic than it would be burning glucose (ketoacidosis), and hyperventaaltion is necessary to compensate. Homeostasis is fascinating. The longer you hold your breath, the more oxygen gets processed by your lungs. The burning sensation as you hold your breath is CO2 building up as this happens. You could theoretically hold all your breaths long enough to fully process the oxygen within but it would be very uncomfortable. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 33.208225 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Alaska Communications System'
The Alaska Communications System (ACS), also known | The Alaska Communications System (ACS), also known as the Washington-Alaska Military Cable and Telegraph System (WAMCATS), was a system of cables and telegraph lines authorized by the U.S. Congress in 1900 and constructed by the U.S. Army Signal Corps. The communications lines were to serve both military and civilian needs in the territory of Alaska. By 1904, ACS comprised some of undersea cable, over of land lines, and a wireless segment across at least . On May 15, 1936 WAMCATS was renamed the U.S. Army Alaska Communications System. The Alaska Communications System remained under the control of the Army Signal Corps until 1962 when it was taken over by the U.S. Air Force. The ACS handled the radioteletype, radio telephone, 500 kHz ship-to-shore frequencies, collected communications intelligence, and other services for more than half a century in Alaska. The Army Signal Corps (which develops, tests, provides, and manages communications and information systems support for the command and control of all the U.S. armed forces) connected military posts with each other and with the rest of the continental United States. This system of thousands of miles of suspended landlines and submarine cable included the first successful long-distance radio operation in the world. The telegraph was also the first major contribution to Alaskan infrastructure provided by the U.S. federal government, marking the beginning of the government's central role in the development of Alaska. | wiki-intro | 0 | 18.653723 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Bhim Sain Bassi'
Bhim Sain Bassi or more commonly B.S. | Bhim Sain Bassi or more commonly B.S. Bassi, is an Indian film actor who predominantly appears in Hindi-language films. He made his acting debut with the 2003 film "Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge".
Bhim Sain Bassi was born on 1 January 1975 in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. He is the son of actor-director Sunil Sain and actress Ratna Pathak Bassi. Bassi completed his graduation from St. Xavier's College in Mumbai.
Bhim Sain Bassi made his acting debut with the 2003 film "Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge". He has since appeared in a number of successful Hindi-language films, including "Kuch Kuch Hota Hai", "Pee Loon" and "Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge Returns". He has also appeared in a number of critically acclaimed English-language films, including "The Namesake", "The Village" and "Midnight in Paris".
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Autopsy'
An autopsy (post-mortem examination, obduction, necropsy, or | An autopsy (post-mortem examination, obduction, necropsy, or autopsia cadaverum) is a surgical procedure that consists of a thorough examination of a corpse by dissection to determine the cause, mode, and manner of death or to evaluate any disease or injury that may be present for research or educational purposes. (The term "necropsy" is generally reserved for non-human animals). Autopsies are usually performed by a specialized medical doctor called a pathologist. In most cases, a medical examiner or coroner can determine cause of death and only a small portion of deaths require an autopsy. Purposes
Autopsies are performed for either legal or medical purposes. Autopsies can be performed when any of the following information is desired:
Determine if death was natural or unnatural
Injury source and extent on the corpse
Manner of death must be determined
Time since death
Establish identity of the deceased
Retain relevant organs
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Buddleja stachyoides'
Buddleja stachyoides is the most widespread member | Buddleja stachyoides is the most widespread member of the Buddleja genus in the UK, and is found all over the country. It is a deciduous shrub or small tree, typically growing to a height of 2-3 m, with a trunk up to 30 cm in diameter. The leaves are ovate-elliptic, 3-7 cm long and 2-3 cm wide, with a serrated margin. The flowers are white, 3-5 cm diameter, and borne in panicles of up to 10 flowers. The fruit is a red berry 2-3 cm diameter.
Buddleja stachyoides is an attractive shrub or small tree that can grow up to 3 metres tall with a trunk diameter of up to 30cm. The leaves are ovate-elliptic, 3-7 cm long and 2-3 cm wide, with a serrated margin. The flowers are white, 3-5 cm diameter, and borne in panicles of up to 10 flowers. The fruit is a red berry 2-3 cm diameter. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.617983 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Domain (mathematical analysis)'
In mathematical analysis, a domain or region | In mathematical analysis, a domain or region is a set of points in a mathematical space that is finite, closed, and equipped with a structure.
A domain is typically thought of as a set of points in a vector space over some field, but it can also be used more generally in mathematics. For example, the sets of real numbers, the rational numbers, and the complex numbers are all domains. In particular, any subset of these three domains is also a domain. For example, the set of all real numbers that are less than or equal to two thousand is a domain.
A region is a subset of a domain that is also closed under addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. In other words, if x and y are in the same region then x + y = y in that region. A region can also be closed under other operations (such as taking the inverse of a function), but these four are the most common ones.
A structure on a domain is a way of describing how points in the domain interact. There are many different structures that can be used on domains, but two common ones are topology and algebra. Topology is the study of how regions interact with each other; for example, whether they are closed or open. Algebra is the study of how structures on domains affect the behavior of operators on those domains. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.392989 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Raoul Paoli'
Raoul Paoli (24 November 1887 – 23 | Raoul Paoli (24 November 1887 – 23 March 1960) was a French athlete, boxer, wrestler, rower and actor. Aged 12, he served as a coxswain in the French coxed pair and won a bronze medal at the 1900 Summer Olympics. He competed in the shot put, his favourite event, at the 1912, 1920, 1924 and 1928 Summer Olympics with the best result of ninth place in 1924. In 1912 he also took part in the Greco-Roman wrestling contest and served as the Olympic flag bearer for France, and in 1928 he finished 29th in the discus throw. Paoli was a French champion in boxing and rugby, with Stade Français. He played three international rugby games for the French national rugby union team in 1911–12 and scored one try. In the 1920s he was romantically involved with the fellow athlete Violette Morris. In 1933 he co-founded the French Professional Wrestling Association. | wiki-intro | 0 | 14.97533 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Maryland Route 135'
Maryland Route 135 (MD 135) is a | Maryland Route 135 (MD 135) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. The state highway runs from MD 3 in Waldorf north to MD 97 in White Marsh. MD 135 is a secondary route that connects Waldorf with White Marsh and Aberdeen Proving Ground.
MD 135 begins at an intersection with MD 3 in the town of Waldorf. The state highway heads north as a two-lane road through rural agricultural areas, crossing over CSX's Waldorf Subdivision and paralleling the Potomac River. MD 135 enters the city of Waldorf and passes through more residential areas before coming to an intersection with MD 211. Here, the state highway turns east onto MD 211 and continues through Waldorf as a two-lane road, passing by several businesses before intersecting MD 147 (Waldorf Road).
MD 135 intersects MD 97 (White Marsh Boulevard) near the edge of Aberdeen Proving Ground, where the state highway becomes a four-lane divided highway. The state highway continues north as a four-lane divided highway through rural areas before coming to an intersection with US 301 (National Highway). Here, MD 135 turns east onto US 301 and continues through rural areas to its northern terminus at an intersection with MD 97 in White Marsh.
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why do our breaths get 20x worse while we sleep? I've always questioned this, so the question is why? Even after brushing your teeth you go to sleep and overnight you magically get bad breath. Is there something we do when we sleep? Explain like I' m five. | When we sleep, our bodies produce less saliva, which helps to keep our mouths moist and wash away bacteria and food particles that can cause bad breath. Without enough saliva, bacteria in our mouths can grow and produce smelly substances that can cause bad breath. Additionally, when we sleep, we tend to breathe through our mouths more, which can dry out our mouths and contribute to bad breath. Finally, as we sleep, our bodies are repairing and regenerating tissues, including the tissues in our mouths, which can produce substances that can cause bad breath. So, a combination of less saliva, mouth breathing, and tissue repair can all contribute to bad breath while we sleep. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 10.070719 | [
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What in the body detects things we can not see, and makes us throw up in food poisoning? How does the body detect these microscopic things we can not see when we eat poorly reheated food? And then what causes us to throw up? Please explain like I' m five. | The body has a special system called the digestive system that helps us break down and absorb the nutrients from the food we eat. This system includes the stomach and the intestines.The stomach is a muscular sac that mixes and grinds up the food we eat. It also contains powerful acids and enzymes that help to break down the food further.When we eat food that is not cooked properly, or that has been contaminated with harmful bacteria or toxins, the body can react in a way that makes us feel sick. This is because the harmful substances in the food can irritate the lining of the stomach and cause it to become inflamed.The body has a way of getting rid of these harmful substances, and one way it does this is by causing us to vomit, or throw up. When we vomit, the muscles in the stomach and chest contract strongly, and this forces the contents of the stomach up through the esophagus and out of the mouth.Vomiting is usually a temporary response to something that has upset the stomach. It can help to get rid of the substance that is causing the problem and make us feel better. However, it is important to see a doctor if you are vomiting frequently or unable to keep fluids down, as this can lead to dehydration. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 7.264895 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'David Fellman'
David Fellman (1907 – 2003) was a | David Fellman (1907 – 2003) was a political scientist and constitutional scholar and advocate for academic freedom. He taught general constitutional law, administrative law and civil liberties. He was born in Omaha, Nebraska and studied at the University of Nebraska before transferring to Yale University and receiving his Ph.D. in philosophy. He returned to the University of Nebraska as a professor until relocating to the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1947, and remaining there until his retirement. He became involved in Wisconsin state government and participated in several commissions and panels which helped review and eventually recommend constitutional changes. Life and career
In 1905, the Fellmans immigrated to Omaha, Nebraska with two very young sons from what was then known as Volhynia, Belarus (now Ukraine). David was the third born of a brood that would grow to seven: six boys and one girl. When David was 21, he lost an older brother and a few years later, his father passed too. | wiki-intro | 0 | 26.356279 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Telescope (song)'
"Telescope" is a song recorded by American | "Telescope" is a song recorded by American actress Hayden Panettiere. The song was written by Hillary Lindsey and Cary Barlowe. It was released to country radio in October 2012 by Big Machine Records. It was the first official single from the album The Music of Nashville: Season 1 Volume 1. The album also features a version of the song recorded by sisters Lennon and Maisy Stella. The UK compilation The Music of Nashville, Season 1: The Complete Collection (aka Nashville Deluxe) also includes a version recorded live in Nashville by Panettiere. Panettiere and Lennon Stella recorded a version for the season four episode "Stop the World (And Let Me Off)," released as a digital single. Critical reception
Billy Dukes of Taste of Country gave the song three stars out of five. Dukes wrote that "Panettiere proves she can sing with the big girls, and no shortcut is taken in production" but called the song "made-for-television," stating that "lyrically, ‘Telescope’ isn’t sharp enough for a more established country star to sing." Ashley Cooke of Roughstock also gave the song three stars out of five. Cooke called it "a sassy upbeat song about girl done wrong, with a very cute concept and catchy lyrics that stick in your head" but felt that Panettiere's voice was "a bit forced" and that the song wasn't "enough to move beyond the TV screen." Ben Foster of Country Universe gave the song a B+, calling it "cool" and "nearly irresistible." Foster wrote that the song "tackles the tried-and-true country music theme of cheating with a clever concept and a great hook" and Panettiere "rides the catchy beat with an assured performance – subtle when necessary, forceful when appropriate," but felt that "the production and background vocals are laid on a bit too thick in some places, particularly toward the end the song." | wiki-intro | 0 | 34.991482 | [
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Why are Americans so Ant-Tax and Anti- Government I live in Canada, which is to the north of the US and for the most part we have slightly higher tax rates, but for the most part we get more for our taxes, IMHO. Explain like I' m five. | It's important to note that not all Americans are anti-tax or anti-government. In fact, opinions on these issues can vary widely within the United States and can depend on a variety of factors, such as a person's political beliefs, their economic situation, and their personal values. That being said, it is true that some Americans may be more inclined to be anti-tax or anti-government due to certain beliefs or experiences. For example, some Americans may feel that their taxes are too high and that the government is not using their tax dollars effectively or efficiently. Others may believe that the government is too big or that it has too much control over people's lives. It's also worth noting that the United States has a long history of individualism and a strong emphasis on personal liberty, which can sometimes lead to a resistance to government involvement in people's lives or to the idea of paying taxes to support government programs and services. Overall, it's important to remember that people's opinions on these issues can be complex and varied, and it's important to consider the many different factors that can influence someone's perspective on taxes and government. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 8.38091 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Relativistic speed'
Relativistic speed refers to speed at which | Relativistic speed refers to speed at which something moves relative to the speed of light. It is a special type of speed that is measured in units of distance (m/s), time (s), or energy (J).
The relativistic speed is the fastest type of speed that something can move. It is different from the classical or Newtonian speed, which is the speed that things move at in the absence of any forces. A particle moving at relativistic speed experiences a force that tries to push it away from the center of the universe. This force is called the cosmological constant.
The relativistic speed is also different from the speed of light, which is the highest possible speed that anything can travel. The cosmological constant makes it possible for particles to travel at a faster speed than the speed of light. | wiki-intro | 1 | 4.714123 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'George J. Borjas'
George Jesus Borjas ( born Jorge Jesús | George Jesus Borjas ( born Jorge Jesús Borjas, October 15, 1950) is an American economist and the Robert W. Scrivner Professor of Economics and Social Policy at the Harvard Kennedy School. He has been described as "America’s leading immigration economist" and "the leading sceptic of immigration among economists". Borjas has published a number of studies that conclude that low-skilled immigration adversely affects low-skilled natives (while positively affecting medium and high skilled natives), a proposition that is debated among economists. Personal life and education
Borjas was born in Havana, Cuba, on October 15, 1950. He immigrated to the United States in October 1962 with his mother. He graduated with a B.S. in economics and mathematics from St. Peter's College in 1971. He then completed his M.A. in economics from Columbia University in 1974. He completed his M.Phil and Ph.D. in economics from Columbia University in 1975 for thesis titled Job Investment, Labor Mobility and Earnings. | wiki-intro | 0 | 14.308448 | [
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Ogcocephalus radiatus or the polka-dot batfish is | Ogcocephalus radiatus or the polka-dot batfish is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Ogcocephalus. This species is found in the Indo-Pacific region from the Red Sea to the eastern coast of Australia, including the Great Barrier Reef. It prefers coral reefs and can be found at depths of up to 50 m. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.888854 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Judith Baragwanath'
Judith Mary Baragwanath (née Seay, born 7 | Judith Mary Baragwanath (née Seay, born 7 January 1951) is a New Zealand writer, satirist, fashion critic, fashion muse, model, socialite and maître d’ also known as "Old Black Lips." She rose to prominence in the 1960s as a New Zealand model after appearing in NZ Vogue magazine at the age of 15. She is well-known for her magazine column and feature writing, including contributions (1982–2002) to "Felicity Ferret", a gossip column published in Auckland magazine Metro. New Zealand journalist and writer Steve Braunias has called her "just about, if not the most, concise writer being regularly published that this country has ever seen. One of the most vivid writers we've ever had in non-fiction." Early life
Baragwanath was born in Birmingham, Alabama to a New Zealand nurse, Vivienne née Grace, and an American GI, Samuel Cleveland Seay. In 1953 the couple separated, and Vivienne returned to her homeland with her baby daughter. Judith Seay was raised in Auckland with no memory of her father. In 1968, aged 17, she married model Tom Baragwanath. | wiki-intro | 0 | 33.632332 | [
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Help: Being charged interest on a loan for which I received no statements telling me of this debt for the past 15 years. Surprise! | I'm sorry to hear that you are being charged interest on a loan for which you did not receive statements for the past 15 years. This can be a frustrating and confusing situation, and it's important to address it as soon as possible.There are a few steps you can take to try to resolve this issue:Contact the lender: You should start by trying to get in touch with the lender and explaining your situation. They may be able to provide you with more information about the loan and why you were not receiving statements. It's possible that there was a mistake or miscommunication that can be resolved.Check your credit report: It's a good idea to check your credit report to see if the loan is listed. You can obtain a copy of your credit report for free once per year from each of the three major credit bureaus (Experian, TransUnion, and Equifax). This will help you understand more about the loan and how it is affecting your credit.Consider legal options: If you are unable to resolve the issue with the lender or if you believe that you are being treated unfairly, you may want to consider seeking legal advice. An attorney may be able to help you understand your rights and options for dealing with the debt.It's important to act quickly to address this issue, as unpaid debts can have a negative impact on your credit score and financial well-being. If you are unsure of what to do or need additional help, you may want to consider consulting with a financial advisor or credit counselor. | hc3-finance | 1 | 6.567246 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Monkey Quest'
Monkey Quest was a massively multiplayer online | Monkey Quest was a massively multiplayer online game published by Nickelodeon in 2011. Nickelodeon described the game as having an “online experience that has the look and feel of a console game mixed with cooperative play.” It was first revealed at the 2011 Game Developers Conference before its release later that year at the 2011 Kids' Choice Awards. Monkey Quest closed on September 26, 2014, due to a “shifting focus towards other digital and mobile experiences.” The app Monkey Quest: Thunderbow was removed from the App Store on July 31, 2014. Story
The game took place in the land of Ook. The Monkey King was dying, and players needed to explore the world and find a way to cure him. Throughout the world, players would meet many inhabitants and complete many quests. They could meet friends, buy new objects, visit the Mayor Bumbee, battle monsters and much more. As the user played, their monkey unlocked more lands, discovered more about the legendary Monkey King, and could even become the leader of a tribe. | wiki-intro | 0 | 29.674833 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Cour des Voraces'
The Cour des Voraces, also called Maison | The Cour des Voraces, also called Maison de la République, is a courtyard building in the Pentes quarter, in the 1st arrondissement of Lyon, famous for its enormous six-floor stairway. It is an impressive traboule, a covered passage with entrances on Place Colbert, Montée Saint-Sébastien and Rue Imbert-Colomès. History
Situated on the slopes of the Croix-Rousse, the court is a major symbol of Lyon. Built in 1840, it is a fine example of the folk architecture of the canuts, related to the silk weaving industry, which deeply marked the neighborhood. It is also a place that symbolizes some great moments in the history of Lyon. A plaque on the building reads: "In the Cour des Voraces, hive of silk work, canuts struggled for their lives and their dignity." The name of the building comes from a group of workers called the Voraces weavers, who reputedly distinguished themselves by their republican insurrections of 1848 and 1849. | wiki-intro | 0 | 30.946238 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Garmanab'
Garmanab (گرمناب) was a village in Khoda | Garmanab (گرمناب) was a village in Khoda Afarin County which was abandoned by the turn of the 20th century. In late nineteenth and early twentieth century the village was inhabited by Armenians, who later emigrated to Armenia or Tabriz. Just before World War II, Reza Qoli Khan, a prominent member of ruling clan of Mohammad Khanlu tribe, acquired the ownership of the village. Shia Muslims and the followers of Yarsan religion settled in the village. Reza Qoli Khan was perished during the brief reign of Azerbaijan People's Government, following which some of Mohammad Khanlus migrated to Qareh Tikanlu. The village was by the year 2000 the village was deserted. At the 2006 census, its existence was not noted. Since 2005, some expatriates, particularly the grandchildren of Reza Qoli Khan and Hossein Khan—the landlord of Abbasabad—have constructed summer residences in the meadows of the former village. The new village is among the most modern and beautiful villages of Arasbaran region and has the potential of becoming a tourist destination. | wiki-intro | 0 | 31.979958 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Heliamphora'
The genus Heliamphora ( or ; Greek: | The genus Heliamphora ( or ; Greek: helos "marsh" and amphoreus "amphora") contains 23 species of pitcher plants endemic to South America. The species are collectively known as sun pitchers, based on the mistaken notion that the heli of Heliamphora is from the Greek helios, meaning "sun". In fact, the name derives from helos, meaning marsh, so a more accurate translation of their scientific name would be marsh pitcher plants. Species in the genus Heliamphora are carnivorous plants that consist of a modified leaf form that is fused into a tubular shape. They have evolved mechanisms to attract, trap, and kill insects; and control the amount of water in the pitcher. At least one species (H. tatei) produces its own proteolytic enzymes that allows it to digest its prey without the help of symbiotic bacteria. Morphology
All Heliamphora are herbaceous perennial plants that grow from a subterranean rhizome. H. tatei grows as a shrub, up to tall, all other species form prostrate rosettes. The leaf size ranges from a few centimeters (inches) (H. minor, H. pulchella) up to more than (H. ionasi). Heliamphora possess tubular traps formed by rolled leaves with fused edges. Marsh pitcher plants are unusual among pitcher plants in that they lack lids (opercula), instead having a small "nectar spoon" on the upper posterior portion of the leaf. This spoon-like structure secretes a nectar-like substance, which serves as a lure for insects and small animals. Each pitcher also exhibits a small slit in its side that allows excess rainwater to drain away, similar to the overflow on a sink. This allows the marsh pitcher plants to maintain a constant maximum level of rainwater within the pitcher. The pitchers' inner surface is covered with downward-pointing hairs to force insects into the pitchers' lower parts. | wiki-intro | 0 | 24.358883 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Taxman'
"Taxman" is a song by the English | "Taxman" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles from their 1966 album Revolver. Written by the group's lead guitarist, George Harrison, with some lyrical assistance from John Lennon, it protests against the higher level of progressive tax imposed in the United Kingdom by the Labour government of Harold Wilson, which saw the Beatles paying over 90 per cent of their earnings to the Treasury. The song was selected as the album's opening track and contributed to Harrison's emergence as a songwriter beside the dominant Lennon–McCartney partnership. It was the group's first topical song and the first political statement they had made in their music. The Beatles began recording "Taxman" in April 1966, a month after Wilson's landslide win in the 1966 general election. Coinciding with the song's creation, Harrison learned that the band members' tax obligations were likely to lead to their bankruptcy, and he was outspoken in his opposition to the government using their income to help fund the manufacture of military weapons. Drawing on 1960s soul/R&B musical influences, the song portrays the taxman as relentless in his pursuit of revenue and name-checks Wilson and Ted Heath, the leader of the Conservative Party. The recording includes an Indian-influenced guitar solo performed by Paul McCartney. | wiki-intro | 0 | 17.917126 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Fugitive dust'
Fugitive dust is an environmental air quality | Fugitive dust is an environmental air quality issue caused by the airborne release of dust, dirt, and other particles from disturbed environments. These particles can be carried by wind and cause severe air quality problems. Fugitive dust emissions arise from a variety of sources, including agricultural production, urban development, mining, and construction.
In 2013, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that outdoor air pollution was responsible for 1.5 million deaths each year, making it the world’s leading environmental health risk. Fugitive dust is a major contributor to this health risk.
Fugitive dust can cause serious respiratory problems in humans. It can aggravate asthma and other respiratory conditions, and can cause serious lung inflammation known as pneumonitis. Exposure to fugitive dust also increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and cancer.
There is currently no effective way to reduce fugitive dust emissions. However, measures that reduce the number of sources of air pollution will help to reduce the amount of fugitive dust in the atmosphere. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.956481 | [
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What would happen in the US if all of the homeless/impoverished people just disappeared? Edit: Just to clarify, I'm speaking in terms of the unemployed, as in people who have no source of income whatsoever Explain like I' m five. | If all of the homeless and impoverished people in the United States suddenly disappeared, it would mean that there would no longer be any people in the country who are struggling to afford basic necessities like food, shelter, and clothing. This might seem like a good thing at first, but it would also mean that there would be a lot fewer people available to do important jobs that help keep the country running smoothly. For example, homeless and impoverished people often work as laborers, janitors, and other types of workers who help maintain buildings and infrastructure. Without these people, it would be much harder to keep everything clean and in good repair.
Additionally, the disappearance of all homeless and impoverished people would likely have a negative impact on the economy. Many businesses rely on the money that these people spend to stay afloat, and if there are no longer any homeless or impoverished people in the country, those businesses might struggle to survive. This could lead to more people losing their jobs and becoming homeless themselves, creating a vicious cycle.
In short, while it might seem like a good idea to make all of the homeless and impoverished people in the United States disappear, it would actually have a lot of negative consequences that would be felt throughout the country. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 21.36779 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Phil Mustard'
Philip Mustard (born 8 October 1982) is | Philip Mustard (born 8 October 1982) is an English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Championship club Burton Albion.
Born in Sheffield, Mustard began his career with his local side, Sheffield Wednesday, before moving to Newcastle United in 2003. He spent four years at the club, making over 150 appearances, before joining Blackburn Rovers in 2007. Mustard spent three seasons in Lancashire, helping the club to promotion to the Premier League in 2009. He subsequently moved to Cardiff City, where he played for two years before joining Burton Albion in 2013. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.899019 | [
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Why do some people laugh when they're terrified? I do this and it always comes as a surprise to people. I've been wondering why does this happen? Explain like I' m five. | Sometimes when we feel scared or anxious, our bodies can react in unexpected ways. One way that this can happen is by laughing. This is sometimes called "nervous laughter." It's a way that our bodies try to cope with and release tension or stress.
Imagine that you are walking through a dark forest at night and you hear a loud, scary noise. Your body might get scared and start to feel tense and anxious. To try to feel better, your body might start to laugh. This is because laughter can help us feel better and reduce stress. So, even though you might be scared, laughing can be a way for your body to try to feel better.
It's important to remember that everyone reacts differently to different situations, and it's okay to feel and express your emotions in your own way. If you feel scared and start to laugh, that's okay. Just try to take some deep breaths and try to calm yourself down. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 6.090648 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Local variable'
In computer science, a local variable is | In computer science, a local variable is a variable that is given local scope. Local variable references in the function or block in which it is declared override the same variable name in the larger scope. In programming languages with only two levels of visibility, local variables are contrasted with global variables. On the other hand, many ALGOL-derived languages allow any number of nested levels of visibility, with private variables, functions, constants and types hidden within them, either by nested blocks or nested functions. Local variables are fundamental to procedural programming, and more generally modular programming: variables of local scope are used to avoid issues with side-effects that can occur with global variables. Scope
Local variables may have a lexical or dynamic scope, though lexical (static) scoping is far more common. In lexical scoping (or lexical scope; also called static scoping or static scope), if a variable name's scope is a certain block, then its scope is the program text of the block definition: within that block's text, the variable name exists, and is bound to the variable's value, but outside that block's text, the variable name does not exist. By contrast, in dynamic scoping (or dynamic scope), if a variable name's scope is a certain block, then its scope is that block and all functions transitively called by that block (except when overridden again by another declaration); after the block ends, the variable name does not exist. Some languages, like Perl and Common Lisp, allow the programmer to choose static or dynamic scoping when defining or redefining a variable. Examples of languages that use dynamic scoping include Logo, Emacs lisp, and the shell languages bash, dash, and the MirBSD Korn shell (mksh)'s "local" declaration. Most other languages provide lexically scoped local variables. | wiki-intro | 0 | 19.926167 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'A Modern Affair'
A Modern Affair is a 1996 independent | A Modern Affair is a 1996 independent American romantic drama film written, directed, and produced by Andrew Dominik.
The film tells the story of two friends—a successful advertising executive and a struggling artist—who begin an affair while both are still married to other people. The film's title refers to the modern romantic notion of an "affair"—a passionate, temporary relationship without the obligations of a traditional marriage.
The film received largely positive reviews from film critics, who praised its strong writing, performances, and direction. It was nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.210213 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Emblem of Kazakhstan'
The emblem of Kazakhstan ( Qаzаqstаn eltаñbasy) | The emblem of Kazakhstan ( Qаzаqstаn eltаñbasy) was adopted on June 4, 1992. The designers of the emblem are Jandarbek Melibekov and Shota Walikhanov. About 245 projects and 67 description designs of the future arms took part in the final competition. Like other post-Soviet republics whose symbols do not predate the October Revolution, the current emblem retains some components of the Soviet one, in this case, rising sun rays and star. Prior to 1992, Kazakhstan had an emblem similar to all other Soviet Republics. Overview
The emblem is an image of a shanyrak (, Şañyraq; more often seen in the Russian transcription, Шанырак, shanyrak), the upper dome-like portion of a yurt, against a sky blue background which irradiates (in the form of sun rays) uyks (supports) set off by wings of mythical horses, inspired by Tulpar which represent bravery. The circle shape of the Emblem is a symbol of life and eternity. The shanyrak symbolizes family well-being, peace and calmness. | wiki-intro | 0 | 64.332039 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Jakob Ammann'
Jakob Ammann (also Jacob Amman, Amann; 12 | Jakob Ammann (also Jacob Amman, Amann; 12 October 1747 – 4 November 1825) was a Swiss historian, philologist and theologian.
He was born at Lucerne, the son of Johann Jakob Ammann and his wife Ursula Kühn. He studied theology and philosophy at the University of Basel, where he became acquainted with the leading scholars of his day. In 1772 he became professor extraordinarius of theology at the University of Ingolstadt, where he succeeded his father-in-law, Johann Caspar Lavater. In 1792 he became professor ordinarius at the University of Zurich.
Ammann was one of the most eminent theologians of his time. He wrote on a variety of theological subjects, but is chiefly known for his work on the history of theology. Among his works are "Ueber die theologische Entwicklung des Christentums" (2 vols., 1799), "Geschichte der christlichen Kirche" (3 vols., 1805–1812), and "Die christliche Lehre von der Auferstehung" (2 vols., 1815). He also wrote a number of historical works, among them "Die Schweizer Eidgenossenschaft vom Jahre 1291 bis 1481" (2 vols., 1816), "Die Eidgenossenschaft vom Jahre 1515 bis 1597" (2 vols., 1817), and " | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.261523 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Liz Behjat'
Elizabeth Lloyd Behjat (née Williams; born 30 | Elizabeth Lloyd Behjat (née Williams; born 30 December 1958) is an Australian politician who was a Liberal Party member of the Legislative Council of Western Australia from 2009 to 2017, representing North Metropolitan Region. Behjat was born in Wolverhampton, England, where her Welsh-born father, John Williams, was working as a teacher. The family arrived in Western Australia in 1966, and her father entered politics a few years later, serving in the Legislative Council from 1971 to 1989. Behjat attended Scarborough Senior High School and Churchlands Senior High School, and after leaving school initially worked as a law clerk. She was later employed as a conveyancer, an administrative officer, a casino manager (at the Burswood Casino), a para-legal, and an electorate officer. Behjat was elected to parliament at the 2008 state election, running in third place on the Liberal ticket in North Metropolitan. Her term began on 22 May 2009. Behjat was re-elected to a second four-year term in 2013, but she was defeated for Liberal preselection at the 2017 election, meaning her term in the Legislative Council concluded in May 2017. | wiki-intro | 0 | 18.247814 | [
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how photons work... That simple. I have a astronomy exam tomorrow morning and I struggle to understand what a photon actually is. Thanks! Explain like I' m five. | Light seems to behave very strangely. If, for example, you take a flashlight and shine it on a piece of stiff cardboard, you'll notice that the emitted light doesn't bend around the cardboard. In this case the beam of light acts as a stream of particles moving from the source and smacking into the piece of cardboard and the wall. However, if you take a straw and place it in a glass of water, you'll notice a bend at the place where water meets air. This would seem to show that light has both a frequency and a wavelength like a wave does. In a paper published in 1905, Albert Einstein proposed the photon model of light to overcome this strangeness. According to his theory, light--a wave-- behaves as individual packets of energy. Two packets can interfere with each other or even themselves, but are otherwise mass-less and only exist as energy. In the same vein if you have a sensitive enough scale, you can show that light exerts pressure when it smacks into another object like a stream of particles would. One last thing to help put things further into perspective; recent experimental evidence has pointed to the fact that electrons, protons, neutrons, and even individual atoms have a wave nature. So, while each of these objects have mass and light doesn't, each also exists at the same time as a wave. If electro-magnetic waves help us to understand light as it travels through space, photons help us to understand how light behaves when it interacts with another particle. A photon is a particle of light. It travels, unsurprisingly, at the speed of light, and has no mass. The energy of the photon is defined by the frequency of the light (when you're thinking about it in wave terms). The equation to convert one to the other is E = hf, or energy (in joules) = planck's constant x frequency (Hz). Planck's constant is defined as approximately 6. 63 x 10 ^ -34 m^ 2 kg/s. Frequency can be found using f = c/wavelength, with c as 3 x 10 ^ 8 m/s, and the wavelength should be in metres. In other words, higher energy photons have a higher frequency and shorter wavelength. In the visible light spectrum, higher energy means more blue, lower energy means more red. A photon is a'light particle'or packet of light energy. Light was classically described as a wave early on, but in the 20th century scientists showed that it can behave as a particle under different circumstances. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 16.592653 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Harry Demopoulos'
Harry B. Demopoulos is a researcher in | Harry B. Demopoulos is a researcher in the medical aspects of free radicals, especially in the areas of ischaemic injury, the toxicity of anticancer drugs, and in spinal cord injury. He has also been a film actor and is currently a member of the Board of Trustees of the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation. Free radical research
Ischaemic injury (injury to cells due to oxygen deprivation) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. For example, most deaths in stroke and heart attack are secondary to ischaemic injury, a consequence of the ischemic cascade. Thus, much research has been done into the causes and treatment of ischaemic injury. One are of this research involves the essential role of free radicals (reactive oxygen species and the like) as modulators of ischaemic injury. This has resulted in therapeutic advances, such as the radical-scavenging neuroprotective agent NXY-059, which was under development for the treatment of stroke. | wiki-intro | 0 | 16.818016 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Solsidan (TV series)'
Solsidan (lit. "The Sunny Side") is a | Solsidan (lit. "The Sunny Side") is a Swedish television comedy series that premiered on 29 January 2010 on TV4. The series is named after a small part of Saltsjöbaden called Solsidan. It revolves around Alex (Felix Herngren) and Anna (Mia Skäringer) who are expecting their first child and have just moved to Alex's childhood home in Saltsjöbaden, Stockholm County. Alex tries to get Anna to enjoy herself, and at the same time spend time with his childhood friend Fredde (Johan Rheborg). Ten episodes were scheduled to air in the first season. A second ten-episode season premiered 16 January 2011. Plot and characters
Alex Löfström (Felix Herngren) is a 39-year-old dentist who moves back to his childhood home in posh Saltsjöbaden with his girlfriend Anna Svensson (Mia Skäringer). They are expecting their first child. Anna works as an actress and feels alienated in Alex's home town. She does everything she can to fit in. Alex's mother Margareta (Mona Malm) has sold the house to Alex and Anna, but thinks she is still allowed to drop by whenever she wants. Alex is reunited with his childhood friend Fredrik "Fredde" Schiller (Johan Rheborg), who lives in one of the town's fanciest houses with his wife Mikaela "Mickan" (Josephine Bornebusch) and their two children. Ove Sundberg (Henrik Dorsin) is another one of Alex's childhood friends and is seen as the most annoying person in Saltsjöbaden. He lives with his greedy and pushy wife Anette (Malin Cederbladh). | wiki-intro | 0 | 25.006266 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Maryland Route 282'
Maryland Route 282 (MD 282) is a | Maryland Route 282 (MD 282) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. The highway runs from Crystal Beach east to the Delaware state line in Warwick, where the highway continues east as Delaware Route 299 (DE 299). MD 282 is the primary east–west highway of the Sassafras Neck between the Sassafras River and Bohemia River, connecting Crystal Beach, Earleville, and Warwick with MD 213 in Cecilton in southern Cecil County. The state highway was paved in Warwick by 1910 and constructed from Warwick to Cecilton in the late 1910s. West of Cecilton, what is today MD 282 consists of part of former MD 283, which ran from Crystal Beach to Earleville. MD 282 was constructed to Earleville in the early 1920s and extended a short distance west of Earleville in the late 1920s. MD 283 was constructed in the late 1920s and early 1930s. MD 282 was extended west to Crystal Beach along MD 283 in 1959. The highway from Cecilton to Crystal Beach was reconstructed in the late 1960s. Route description | wiki-intro | 0 | 27.096897 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Anal sac adenocarcinoma'
An anal sac adenocarcinoma is an uncommon | An anal sac adenocarcinoma is an uncommon and aggressive malignant tumor found in dogs that arises from the apocrine glandular tissue of anal sac. The disease exists in cats as well, but is much less common in that species. They are the second most common cancerous cause of hypercalcaemia (high serum calcium) in dogs, following T-cell lymphoma. Signs and symptoms
Apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinomas first appear as small lumps associated with one of the anal sacs (rarely bilateral), but they can grow to a large size. Smaller tumors are undetectable without a rectal examination, while larger tumors can cause pain and straining to defecate. Between 25 and 40 percent of dogs with these tumors will also develop hypercalcaemia through secretion of parathyroid hormone-related protein by the tumor. Symptoms of hypercalcaemia include increased drinking and urination, vomiting, loss of appetite, weight loss, and bradycardia (slow heart rate). Apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinomas also have a tendency to metastasize to the regional lymph nodes, spleen, and eventually lungs and, less commonly, bones. The sublumbar (iliac) lymph nodes are the most common site of metastasis and can become larger than the original tumor. | wiki-intro | 0 | 16.37426 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Alteration'
In music, alteration is the use of | In music, alteration is the use of a neighboring pitch in the chromatic scale in place of its diatonic neighbor. Alteration may also refer to:
Alteration, in the mensural notation used by renaissance music, the lengthening of a breve, semibreve or minim in particular rhythmic contexts
Alteration (crime), in law, an offence of modifying an object with a view to deceiving another into believing that the true object is the same as that altered, for instance, money alteration is an offence of altering money "with the intent that it be brought into circulation as genuine or that such bringing into circulation be facilitated"
In tailoring, changing an existing garment
Mineral alteration, in geology, the changing of minerals and rock fabrics chemically by heat and fluid circulation
Alteration, or root operation 0 according to the ICD-10-PCS, modifying the natural anatomic structure of a body part without affecting its function, e.g to improve appearance
The Alteration, 1976 alternate history novel by Kingsley Amis
Alteration (album), by Altera Enigma | wiki-intro | 0 | 76.468849 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Mick Cullerton'
Michael Joseph Cullerton (born 25 November 1948) | Michael Joseph Cullerton (born 25 November 1948) is a Scottish former footballer. He is noted for his two spells with Port Vale, as well as for being Stafford Rangers' star forward as they were one of the elite non-league clubs in the 1970s. He later worked behind the scenes at Port Vale and Stoke City, and commentated for BBC Radio Stoke. Playing career
Cullerton played for Scotland under-16s, where he impressed Jock Stein, and won a trial at Chelsea. However, he joined Port Vale in October 1965, with the promise of first team football. He made his debut on 12 January 1966, playing in a front-line of five teenagers (the others being Alex Donald, Roddy Georgeson, Paul Bannister, and Paul Ogden). By November 1966 he had become a regular in the first team and was the 1966–67 season as the club's top scorer with 12 goals. On 22 August 1967, he scored a hat-trick in a 3–0 win over Chester in the League Cup, only to hand in a transfer request to manager Stanley Matthews the following month. He remained at the club however, and scored another hat-trick in a 4–2 win over Swansea Town on 20 April 1968. Of an outspoken nature, he lost his first team place after vocally criticizing manager Gordon Lee in the dressing room. He was loaned out to Chester in March 1969, moving there for free in May of that year. | wiki-intro | 0 | 19.09042 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Liaoshen campaign'
The Liaoshen campaign Liáoshěn huìzhàn, an | The Liaoshen campaign Liáoshěn huìzhàn, an anti-Japanese campaign waged by the Chinese Red Army during World War II, was a series of military engagements fought in China's north-west.
The campaign began in November 1939, when Japanese forces invaded Manchuria. The Chinese Red Army, commanded by Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek and aided by Soviet forces, quickly repelled the attack. Over the following months, the Chinese forces advanced southwards into Inner Mongolia and then northwards into Hebei and Henan provinces, eventually trapping large numbers of Japanese troops in a series of pockets. In May 1945, the Japanese surrendered following the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
The Liaoshen campaign is generally regarded as one of the greatest victories of the Chinese Red Army, and is often cited as an example of guerrilla warfare at its best. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.391013 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Monobloco'
Monobloco is a Brazilian bloco, or street | Monobloco is a Brazilian bloco, or street performance, in which dancers representing different Brazilian cities or towns come together to create a unique performance.
Monobloco is a unique form of Brazilian bloco, or street performance, in which dancers representing different Brazilian cities or towns come together to create a unique performance. The name monobloco is Spanish for "single block," and refers to the fact that each performance is based around a single theme or location.
The earliest monoblocos were created in the 1960s and 1970s by street performers from various parts of Brazil who wanted to showcase their city's unique culture and heritage. Today, monoblocos are still a popular form of entertainment in Brazil, and can be found all over the country.
Each monobloco is based around a specific theme or location, and often features elaborate costumes and dance routines. Sometimes monoblocos are performed as part of larger street festivals, and can attract large crowds of spectators. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.969818 | [
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The appeal of NASCAR It's just one of those things I've never understood... Explain like I' m five. | Fans are attracted to it because of the drama. One of the first things a fan has to do is decide what driver to follow. NASCAR is not like other sports where its one on one (one person vs one person, or one team vs another team), its 43 individual drivers all out to win, so fans have their driver to root for, and it becomes 1 vs 42. Once you have a specific driver to root for, it becomes much more entertaining. Everything your driver does becomes more important... you hope he qualifies well so he can start towards the front, you hope his crew has built a fast car, you hope the crew chief makes the right decisions so your driver can work up to the front. And of course, there is drama to follow, while everyone has their favorite driver, they also have a few drivers they absolutely HATE, so they root against them, and it makes it more entertaining to watch. Think of Lebron James and the Miami Heat... some fans rooted for them, but much of the country HATED them, and watched the NBA playoffs hoping other teams would beat them just because they hate Lebron/Heat. That same attitude is what drives fans to NASCAR... for instance, Kyle Busch is much like Lebron James... one of the most talented drivers out there, struggles to win a championship, and most of the fans despise him. Jimmie Johnson is alot like the the NE Patriots... multiple championship winner, consistently makes the "Playoffs" (NASCAR Chase), and many fans root against him because they are just tired of watching him win all the time. There all kinds of analogies you can make between drivers and other sports, so hope that gives you an answer as to why fans enjoy it so much... its not so much about the racing, as it is about the drama that comes along with it. As a historian I find interesting NASCAR stories all the time, sadly it seems we live in an era where the races are tightly regulated and controlled, to the point where one has to respect finer nuances to really "be a fan". For instance: check out the biography of [Smokey Yunick] (URL_ 0). When NASCAR's rules allowed for a much larger "gray area", he would constantly pull antics such as building a roughly 9/10 scale car-totally "stock" by definition yet lighter and more aerodynamic. because of this NASCAR now keeps templates of the stock car parts to measure against the drivers'vehicles. Another trick he pulled, when limited by a standard-size fuel tank, was to make the fuel line itself 11 feet long-which gave him an extra * five * gallons of fuel. After suspicious race officials removed his fuel tank... he hopped in the car and drove it back to the pit stop. Of course, pit crews and drivers can't get away with those sort of stunts these days, but I still think the behind-the-scenes characters and drama still play a major role in the sport, almost as much as the racing itself. In many ways I actually think it's fairly similar to baseball, a game I find almost boring to watch yet I am captivated by the personalities that dominate the game. I always thought it would be like when I watch poker on T. V. To non fans it's just a bunch of guys sitting around a table throwing plastic chips around, but I know enough about it to understand what's going on so it's entertaining to me. I'm sure NASCAR must be the same way, to us non fans, it's just a bunch of guys turning left. But it you know enough about it to understand why the drivers are doing what they're doing, it could be fun. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 28.014326 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Hibbertia lepidota'
Hibbertia lepidota is a species of flowering | Hibbertia lepidota is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae.
Hibbertia lepidota is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae. Hibbertia lepidota is endemic to the State of Amazonas, Brazil. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.177455 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Georg Hajdu'
Georg Hajdu (born 21 June 1960) is | Georg Hajdu (born 21 June 1960) is a Hungarian composer. He has written a large body of music for the theatre, and has had considerable success in Europe and North America.
Georg Hajdu was born on 21 June 1960 in Budapest, Hungary. He began his musical training at the age of six, studying violin with János Bártfa and piano with László János. He later studied composition with László Pogány at the Franz Liszt Academy of Music in Budapest, where he graduated in 1984.
Hajdu's early career was spent writing music for the theatre. His first major success came with his 1985 opera "The Kiss". Since then, he has written numerous stage works, including "Corpus Christi", "The Caretaker", "The Piano Teacher", and "The Origin". His orchestral compositions include the concertos "Four Organs" (1991), "Symphony No. 3" (1994), and "Concerto for Orchestra" (2002).
Hajdu's music has been performed worldwide by leading orchestras and soloists, including the Berlin Philharmonic, Cleveland Orchestra, London Symphony Orchestra, Montreal Symphony Orchestra, New York Philharmonic, Philadelphia Orchestra, and Toronto Symphony Orchestra. He has also collaborated with some of the world's leading conductors, including Claudio Abbado, David Zinman, Riccardo Muti, Alan Gilbert, Jean-Claude Casadesus, and Es | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.155337 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Adana massacre'
The Adana massacre occurred in the | The Adana massacre occurred in the Turkish city of Adana on 3 and 4 March 1938, during the period of the Republic of Turkey. The massacre was carried out by the Young Turks, who were rebelling against the government of Prime Minister İsmet İnönü. The rebels killed an estimated 10,000 people and wounded 30,000.
The massacre is one of the most notorious incidents of violence in Turkish history. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.013562 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Wilhelm Kuhnert'
Friedrich Wilhelm Kuhnert (September 18, 1865 – | Friedrich Wilhelm Kuhnert (September 18, 1865 – September 16, 1926) was a German-born American chemist who is best known for his work in the development of physical chemistry.
Kuhnert was born in Cassel, Province of Westphalia, Germany, on September 18, 1865. He received his AB from the University of Berlin in 1889 and his Doctor of Science degree from the University of Berlin in 1893. Kuhnert then worked at the University of Heidelberg as an assistant professor of chemistry until 1902. In 1902 he emigrated to the United States and became a professor of chemistry at the University of Illinois. Kuhnert served as president of the American Chemical Society (1912-1913) and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1922 "for his work on physical chemistry." Kuhnert died on September 16, 1926. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.915312 | [
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