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d5dc39e00dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
The substance examined by the Antoine equation is a big cause of what?
|
the greenhouse effect
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Water vapour is transparent. The small droplets that look white like mist are actually liquid. Water vapour is a big cause of the greenhouse effect. Water vapor is invisible but when it condenses it makes visible water. This short article about biology can be made longer."
},
{
"text": "The Antoine equation is a pragmatic mathematical expression of the relation between the vapor pressure and the temperature of pure liquid or solid substances. It is obtained by curve-fitting and is adapted to the fact that vapor pressure is usually increasing and concave as a function of temperature."
}
] |
d5dc3a260dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
The main eruptive centre forming the eastern segment of the AVB probably began erupting how many years ago?
|
340,000
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Nazko Cone probably began erupting about 340,000 years ago and has grown steadily since then. Like all of the Anahim volcanoes, Nazko Cone has its origins in the Anahim hotspot —a plume of magma rising from deep in the Earth's mantle."
},
{
"text": "Nazko Cone is the main eruptive centre forming the eastern segment of the AVB. It consists of overlapping piles of basaltic flows and cones that were formed during at least three eruptive periods. The first volcanic episode is represented by a subaerial basalt flow that forms the base of the volcano."
}
] |
d5dc3a580dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
Which airplane was used first: the Tupolev Tu-2 or the Douglas A-1 Skyraider?
|
The Tupolev Tu-2. It was used in World War II, before the Douglas A-1 was used in the Korean and Vietnam Wars.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "The Tupolev Tu-2 (development names ANT-58 and 103; NATO reporting name Bat) was a twin-engine Soviet high-speed daylight and frontline (SDB and FB) bomber aircraft of World War II vintage."
},
{
"text": "Used by the US Navy over Korea and Vietnam, the A-1 was a primary close air support aircraft for the USAF and RVNAF during the Vietnam War. The A-1 was famous for being able to take hits and keep flying thanks to armor plating around the cockpit area for pilot protection."
},
{
"text": "World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers."
},
{
"text": "The war began on 25 June 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea following clashes along the border and insurrections in the south.[51][52][53] The war ended unofficially on 27 July 1953 in an armistice."
}
] |
d5dc3a9e0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
Batrachostomus auritus one of the three Podargus species is said to be near-threatened due to what?
|
Logging of its habitat
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "The three Podargus species are large frogmouths restricted to Australia and New Guinea, that have massive flat broad bills. They are known to take larger prey such as small vertebrates (frogs, mice, etc.), which are sometimes beaten against a stone before swallowing."
},
{
"text": "The large frogmouth (Batrachostomus auritus) is a species of bird in the family Podargidae. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand, in subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest. Logging of its habitat poses a risk to its survival, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has listed it as being \"near-threatened\"."
}
] |
d5dc3ada0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
What is known as a snow monkey that has short stumps for tails?
|
Japanese Macaques
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Japanese macaques have short stumps for tails that average 92.51 mm (3.642 in) in males and 79.08 mm (3.113 in) in females. The macaque has a pinkish face and posterior. The rest of its body is covered in brown or greyish hair. The coat of the macaque is well-adapted to the cold and its thickness increases as temperatures decrease."
},
{
"text": "The Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata), also known as the snow monkey, is a terrestrial Old World monkey species that is native to Japan."
}
] |
d5dc3b160dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
What alternative to file downloading is exemplified in the digital distribution of television content delivered over the Internet?
|
Streaming.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Streaming is an alternative to file downloading, a process in which the end-user obtains the entire file for the content before watching or listening to it. Through streaming, an end-user can use their media player to start playing digital video or digital audio content before the entire file has been transmitted."
},
{
"text": "Streaming television is the digital distribution of television content, such as TV shows, as streaming media delivered over the Internet. Streaming TV stands in contrast to dedicated terrestrial television delivered by over-the-air aerial systems, cable television, and/or satellite television systems."
}
] |
d5dc3b520dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
What is the seat of the county where SC 213 begins at an intersection with US 176?
|
Newberry is the county seat of Newberry County, South Carolina, the county where SC 213 begins at an intersection with US 176.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "The highway travels through mostly rural areas of Newberry and Fairfield counties. It also connects Jenkinsville and the Winnsboro area. SC 213 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 176 (US 176) southeast of Pomaria within Newberry County, where the roadway continues as Parr Road."
},
{
"text": "Newberry County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2010 census, its population was 37,508.[1] Its county seat is Newberry.[2] The name is of unknown origin.Newberry County comprises the Newberry, SC Micropolitan Statistical Area"
}
] |
d5dc3bd40dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
How many days does the most distant confirmed potentially habitable planet take to orbit its star?
|
This planet's orbit lasts for 196.4 days.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "The most distant potentially habitable planet confirmed is Kepler-1606b, at 2870 light-years distant, although the unconfirmed planet KOI-5889.01 is over 5,000 light-years distant. Proxima Centauri b is the closest rocky exoplanet and closest potentially habitable exoplanet known, and c is the closest super-Earth and potentially-ringed planet."
},
{
"text": "Kepler-1606 b is a super Earth exoplanet that orbits a G-type star. Its mass is 4.94 Earths, it takes 196.4 days to complete one orbit of its star, and is 0.6421 AU from its star. Its discovery was announced in 2016."
}
] |
d5dc3c4c0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
Does the housefly or the largest fly in the world have a longer scientific name?
|
The largest fly has a longer name.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "The housefly ( Musca domestica) is a fly of the suborder Cyclorrhapha. It is believed to have evolved in the Cenozoic Era, possibly in the Middle East, and has spread all over the world as a commensal of humans. It is the most common fly species found in houses."
},
{
"text": "Gauromydas heros is the largest fly in the world. Flies are often abundant and are found in almost all terrestrial habitats in the world apart from Antarctica. They include many familiar insects such as house flies, blow flies, mosquitoes, gnats, black flies, midges and fruit flies."
}
] |
d5dc3c920dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
If an IEEE 754 quad precision number is converted to a decimal string with at least what number of significant digits, and then converted back to quadruple-precision representation, the final result must match the original number?
|
36
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "In computing, quadruple precision (or quad precision) is a binary floating point –based computer number format that occupies 16 bytes (128 bits) with precision at least twice the 53-bit double precision ."
},
{
"text": "If an IEEE 754 quadruple-precision number is converted to a decimal string with at least 36 significant digits, and then converted back to quadruple-precision representation, the final result must match the original number. The format is written with an implicit lead bit with value 1 unless the exponent is stored with all zeros."
}
] |
d5dc3cce0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
Tehran Province is located in what country that is divided into 31 provinces?
|
Iran
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Iran is divided into 31 provinces ( Persian: استان ostān, plural استانها ostānhā ). Each is ruled from a local center. These local centers can usually be found in the biggest local city, called the capital ( Persian: مرکز markaz) of that province. ↑ Statistical Centre, Government of Iran."
},
{
"text": "This is a list of universities in Iran . These are grouped according to their corresponding province, 31 provinces in all. See also detailed list of: List of universities in Tehran Province ."
}
] |
d5dc3d140dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
What Church in Germany that resisted the Third Reich helped rescue many Jews during the Holocaust?
|
The Catholic Church.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "While the Catholic Church in Germany was one of the few organizations that offered organised, systematic resistance to some policies of the Third Reich; the considerable energies expended by the German church in opposing government interference in the church was not matched in public by protests against the anti-Jewish policies of regime."
},
{
"text": "During the Holocaust, the Catholic Church played a role in the rescue of hundreds of thousands of Jews from being murdered by the Nazis."
}
] |
d5dc3d8c0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
Holywood and Dromore are both towns in what location?
|
County Down, Northern Ireland
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Dromore (from Irish: Droim Mór, meaning 'large ridge') is a small market town and civil parish in County Down, Northern Ireland. It lies within the local government area of Armagh City, Banbridge and Craigavon Borough Council."
},
{
"text": "Holywood ( / ˈhɒliwʊd / HOL-ee-wuud) is a town in the metropolitan area of Belfast in County Down, Northern Ireland. It is a civil parish and townland of 755 acres lying on the shore of Belfast Lough, between Belfast and Bangor. Holywood Exchange and Belfast City Airport are nearby."
}
] |
d5dc3dc80dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
Nome and Tapti are both names of what?
|
Rivers
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Most of the mining developments in the coastal plain of the Nome mining district are west of Nome River, but at several localities, prospects have been opened up to the east of the river. Stevens and Washington gulches flow through the tundra from the hill south of Osborn Creek into Nome River."
},
{
"text": "It is triangular in shape, with its apex at Ratnapuri and the two sides being parallel to the Tapti and Narmada rivers. It runs parallel to the Vindhya Range, which lies to the north, and these two east-west ranges divide the Indo–Gangetic plain from the Deccan Plateau located north of River Narmada."
}
] |
d5dc3e400dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
What are both water horehound and khoi?
|
Plants.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Lycopus europaeus, common names gypsywort, gipsywort, bugleweed, European bugleweed and water horehound, is a perennial plant in the genus Lycopus, native to Europe and Asia, and naturalized elsewhere. Another species, Lycopus americanus has also been erroneously called L. europaeus."
},
{
"text": "Streblus asper is a tree known by several common names, including Siamese rough bush, khoi, serut, and toothbrush tree. It is a medium-sized tree native to dry regions in Indonesia, Cambodia, Thailand, India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and Vietnam ."
}
] |
d5dc3e860dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
What inhabitants of the territory of Alemannia crossed the Rhine in 406?
|
The Alemanni or Suebi.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "In the migration period, the Suebi (Alamanni) crossed the Rhine in 406 and some of them established the Kingdom of the Suebi in Galicia. Another group settled in parts of Pannonia, after the Huns were defeated in 454 in the Battle of Nedao ."
},
{
"text": "Swabia is a cultural, historic and linguistic region in southwestern Germany. The name is ultimately derived from the medieval Duchy of Swabia, one of the German stem duchies, representing the territory of Alemannia, whose inhabitants interchangeably were called Alemanni or Suebi ."
}
] |
d5dc3ec20dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
Indicator, simple and trigonometric are all types of what?
|
Functions
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Formally, a simple function is a finite linear combination of indicator functions of measurable sets. More precisely, let ( X, Σ) be a measurable space. Let A1, ..., An ∈ Σ be a sequence of disjoint measurable sets, and let a1, ..., an be a sequence of real or complex numbers."
},
{
"text": "Ming Antu's infinite series expansion of trigonometric functions. Ming Antu, a court mathematician of the Qing dynasty did extensive work on the infinite series expansion of trigonometric functions in his masterpiece Geyuan Milü Jiefa (Quick Method of Dissecting the Circle and Determination of The Precise Ratio of the Circle)."
}
] |
d5dc3efe0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
Near-open, Unrounded, and front are all types of what?
|
Vowels
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "The Hamont-Achel dialect of Limburgish has been reported to contrast long open front, central and back unrounded vowels. This is extremely unusual. Its vowel height is open, also known as low, which means the tongue is positioned far from the roof of the mouth – that is, low in the mouth."
},
{
"text": "For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. A front vowel is a class of vowel sounds used in some spoken languages, its defining characteristic being that the highest point of the tongue is positioned relatively in front in the mouth without creating a constriction that would make it a consonant."
},
{
"text": "A near-open vowel or a near-low vowel is any in a class of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. The defining characteristic of a near-open vowel is that the tongue is positioned similarly to an open vowel, but slightly more constricted."
}
] |
d5dc3f760dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
The scientific study of the origin, history, and structure of the Earth is useful for locating what?
|
Useful minerals
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Geology is the scientific study of the origin, history, and structure of the Earth. The slightly misshapen octahedral shape of this rough diamond crystal in matrix is typical of the mineral. Its lustrous faces also indicate that this crystal is from a primary deposit."
},
{
"text": "Hydrologists examine water and warn of floods. Seismologists study earthquakes and try to understand where they will strike. Geologists study rocks and help to locate useful minerals. Earth scientists often work in the field—perhaps climbing mountains, exploring the seabed, crawling through caves, or wading in swamps."
}
] |
d5dc3fee0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
What taxonomic order that has around 400,000 species was given its name by Aristotle based on their wings and shield like body?
|
Coleoptera
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "The Coleoptera, with about 400,000 species, is the largest of all orders, constituting almost 40% of described insects and 25% of all known animal life-forms; new species are discovered frequently. The largest of all families, the Curculionidae (weevils), with some 83,000 member species, belongs to this order."
},
{
"text": "The name of the taxonomic order, Coleoptera, comes from the Greek koleopteros (κολεόπτερος), given to the group by Aristotle for their elytra, hardened shield-like forewings, from koleos, sheath, and pteron, wing."
}
] |
d5dc402a0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
The Lavochkin La-5 was a Soviet fighter aircraft during WWII which descended from aircraft designed by who?
|
The La-5 descended from the LaGG-1 and LaGG-3, aircraft designed by Vladimir Gorbunov before the Second World War.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "The Lavochkin La-5 (Лавочкин Ла-5) was a Soviet fighter aircraft of World War II. It was a development and refinement of the LaGG-3, replacing the earlier model's inline engine with the much more powerful Shvetsov ASh-82 radial engine."
},
{
"text": "The La-5 descended from the LaGG-1 and LaGG-3, aircraft designed by Vladimir Gorbunov before the Second World War. The LaGG-1 was underpowered, and the LaGG-3 - with a lighter airframe and a stronger engine - did not solve the problem. By early 1942, the LaGG-3's shortcomings led to Lavochkin falling out of Joseph Stalin's favour, and LaGG-3 factories converting to Yakovlev Yak-1 and Yak-7 production."
}
] |
d5dc40700dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
What is Lothian a part of in regards to an electoral region, that has 56 members in one of them?
|
The Scottish Parliament.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Lothian is one of the eight electoral regions of the Scottish Parliament. Nine of the parliament's 73 first past the post constituencies are sub-divisions of the region and it elects seven of the 56 additional-member Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs). Thus it elects a total of 16 MSPs."
},
{
"text": "Ten of the parliament's 73 first past the post constituencies are sub-divisions of the region and it elects seven of the 56 additional-member Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs). Thus it elects a total of 17 MSPs."
}
] |
d5dc40c00dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
The Nilgiri long-tailed tree mouse is a member of what largest family of mammals?
|
Nilgiri vandeleuria is a species of rodent in the family Muridae.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Nilgiri vandeleuria ( Vandeleuria nilagirica ), also known as the Nilgiri long-tailed tree mouse and the Indian long-tailed tree mouse, is a species of rodent in the family Muridae."
},
{
"text": "The Muridae, or murids, are the largest family of rodents and of mammals, containing over 700 species including many species of mice, rats and gerbils found naturally throughout Eurasia, Africa, and Australia.[2]The name Muridae comes from the Latin mus (genitive muris), meaning \"mouse\"."
}
] |
d5dc40fc0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
Where are the Macintyre, Border and Barwon Rivers?
|
New South Wales.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "The Border Rivers are a group of Australian rivers and the associated region near part of the state border between New South Wales and Queensland ."
},
{
"text": "Macintyre River, receiving flows from the Severn River (New South Wales), and forming through the confluence of the Dumaresq River and Macintyre Brook. The Macintyre River variously flows in both New South Wales and Queensland"
},
{
"text": "Barwon River, a perennial river that is part of the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the north-west slopes and Orana regions of New South Wales, Australia ."
}
] |
d5dc41740dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
The bird whose song is a fairly short warble and whose habitat ranges from Mexico through Central America into southern South America, south to Peru and the Paraná River region in northern Argentina has what color belly?
|
The greyish saltator has a buff or cinnamon belly.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "The song is a warble, usually fairly short, varying from nasal to mellow. This species occurs in open woodland, plains and scrub, from Mexico through Central America into southern South America, south to Peru and the Paraná River region in northern Argentina. The greyish saltator feeds on fruits, buds and slow-moving arthropods."
},
{
"text": "On average, the greyish saltator is 20 cm long and weighs 52 g. The plumage depends on age and subspecies, but in general this bird has grey or greyish-olive upperparts, a white stripe over the eye, a narrow white throat, a grey breast and a buff or cinnamon belly."
}
] |
d5dc41b00dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
Istmo de Tehuantepec and Sierra Norte are both what?
|
Regions of Oaxaca
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Istmo de Tehuantepec is the largest region of the state of Oaxaca, located in southwestern Mexico. Istmo coast on the Gulf of Tehuantepec. Salina Cruz, the largest city in Istmo de Tehuantepec."
},
{
"text": "The region is bordered on the east by the Cañada region and on the south by the Sierra Norte region of Oaxaca. On the north it meets the state of Puebla and to the west the state of Veracruz ."
}
] |
d5dc41ec0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
What formulas also known as the Girard-Newton formulae are used to decode the data in a space-optimal streaming algorithm?
|
Newton's identities
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Newton's identities are used to decode the data in a space-optimal streaming algorithm for maintaining sets of items subject to insertions and deletions of single items. The Bloom filter part is in a different algorithm for a similar problem, and is independent of the Newton identity part."
},
{
"text": "In mathematics, Newton's identities, also known as the Girard-Newton formulae, give relations between two types of symmetric polynomials, namely between power sums and elementary symmetric polynomials."
}
] |
d5dc42280dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
Somatic and stem are both types of what?
|
Cells.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "A somatic cell (from Ancient Greek σῶμα sôma, meaning \"body\"), or vegetal cell, is any biological cell forming the body of an organism; that is, in a multicellular organism, any cell other than a gamete, germ cell, gametocyte or undifferentiated stem cell."
},
{
"text": "Such cells are one of the various classes of induced stem cells . Adult stem cell research has been focused on uncovering the general molecular mechanisms that control their self-renewal and differentiation. The Notch pathway has been known to developmental biologists for decades."
}
] |
d5dc42aa0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
The federally recognized tribe of Kumeyaay people, who are sometimes known as Mission Indians, and the Morongo Band of Mission Indians are both located in what state?
|
California
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "The San Pasqual Band of Diegueño Mission Indians of California is a federally recognized tribe of Kumeyaay people, who are sometimes known as Mission Indians . / 33.21139°N 116.96111°W / 33.21139; -116.96111 ) is a federal reservation, located in northeastern San Diego County, California, near Valley Center."
},
{
"text": "The band is made up of the Yuhaviatam clan of Serrano people, who have traditionally lived in the San Bernardino Mountains. The other federally recognized Serrano tribe is the Morongo Band of Mission Indians, located in Riverside County, California ."
}
] |
d5dc42f00dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
What is the alphabet used for sign language in the country from which the braille alphabet originated?
|
The French manual alphabet
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "The French manual alphabet is an alphabet used for French Sign Language (LSF), both to distinguish LSF words and to sign French words in LSF. These are largely similar to the letters of the American manual alphabet."
},
{
"text": "French Braille is the original braille alphabet, and the basis of all others. The alphabetic order of French has become the basis of the international braille convention, used by most braille alphabets around the world."
}
] |
d5dc432c0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
Who follow a lifestyle of isolation where no conversion is allowed, neither out of, or into, the religion and established themselves in Mount Lebanon as well, generating a religious divide that has lasted for centuries?
|
The Druze.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "\"The Druze follow a lifestyle of isolation where no conversion is allowed, neither out of, or into, the religion. When Druze live among people of other religions, they try to blend in, in order to protect their religion and their own safety. They can pray as Muslims, or as Christians, depending on where they are."
},
{
"text": "However, a new religious group, the Druze, established themselves in Mount Lebanon as well, generating a religious divide that has lasted for centuries. During the Crusades, the Maronites re-established contact with the Roman Catholic Church and asserted their communion with Rome."
}
] |
d5dc43680dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
In quantum chromodynamics, the more complicated group SU (3) has eight generators, corresponding to the eight what, along with quarks which Quantum chromodynamics ( QCD) is the theory of the strong interaction between?
|
Gluons
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "In quantum electrodynamics, the gauge group is U (1); in this simple case, there is only one gauge boson, the photon. In quantum chromodynamics, the more complicated group SU (3) has eight generators, corresponding to the eight gluons. The three W and Z bosons correspond (roughly) to the three generators of SU (2) in GWS theory ."
},
{
"text": "Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. In theoretical physics, quantum chromodynamics ( QCD) is the theory of the strong interaction between quarks and gluons, the fundamental particles that make up composite hadrons such as the proton, neutron and pion."
}
] |
d5dc43a40dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
Independent and empty are both types of what?
|
Sets
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "In a matroid, every subset of an independent set is again independent. This is also sometimes called the hereditary property. Recursive definitions using the adjective \"hereditary\" are often encountered in set theory . A set is said to be hereditary (or pure) if all of its elements are hereditary sets."
},
{
"text": "In set theory, a hereditary set (or pure set) is a set whose elements are all hereditary sets. That is, all elements of the set are themselves sets, as are all elements of the elements, and so on. is a hereditary set. Similarly, a set that contains two elements: the empty set and the set that contains only the empty set, is a hereditary set."
}
] |
d5dc43e00dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
Air-to-ground weaponry is ordnance of what vehicle which current U.S. military doctrine associates with an Attack mission?
|
aircraft
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Current U.S. military doctrine defines it as an aircraft which most likely performs an attack mission, more than any other kind of mission. Attack mission means, in turn, specifically tactical air-to-ground action—in other words, neither air-to-air action nor strategic bombing is considered an attack mission."
},
{
"text": "Air-to-ground weaponry is aircraft ordnance used by combat aircraft to attack ground targets. The weapons include bombs, machine guns, autocannon, air-to-surface missiles, rockets, air-launched cruise missiles and grenade launchers ."
}
] |
d5dc441c0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
What are Cultured neuronal networks and how are they connected?
|
Cultured neuronal networks are by definition disembodied cultures of neurons. Cultured neurons are often connected via computer to a real or simulated robotic component, creating a hybrot or animat, respectively.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Cultured neuronal networks are by definition disembodied cultures of neurons. Thus by being outside their natural environment, the neurons are influenced in ways that are not biologically normal."
},
{
"text": "Cultured neurons are often connected via computer to a real or simulated robotic component, creating a hybrot or animat, respectively. Researchers can then thoroughly study learning and plasticity in a realistic context, where the neuronal networks are able to interact with their environment and receive at least some artificial sensory feedback."
}
] |
d5dc44620dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
Would the Paektu Mountain eruption be on the higher or lower part of the logarithmic scale used to classify volcanic eruptions?
|
The Paektu Mountain eruption was on the most powerful and China and Korea's recorded history so would be higher on the VEI logarithmic scale.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "The 946 eruption of Paektu Mountain also known as the Millennium eruption or Tianchi eruption is considered one of the most powerful volcanic eruptions in China and Korea ’s recorded history and one of the largest volcanic eruptions in the past 10,000 years. The eruption created tsunamis about 100-150 meters tall."
},
{
"text": "Volcanic eruptions are classified using the Volcanic Explosivity Index, or VEI. It is a logarithmic scale, which means that an increase of one in VEI number is equivalent to a tenfold increase in volume of erupted material."
}
] |
d5dc449e0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
A banderole is what type of scroll, the word for which is also the first part of the name of a graphic convention used most commonly in comic books?
|
Speech
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Note the \"tabs\" along the outer edge of the speech scroll. In art history, speech scroll (also called a banderole or phylactery) is an illustrative device denoting speech, song, or, in rarer cases, other types of sound."
},
{
"text": "Speech balloons (also speech bubbles, dialogue balloons, or word balloons) are a graphic convention used most commonly in comic books, comics, and cartoons to allow words (and much less often, pictures) to be understood as representing the speech or thoughts of a given character in the comic."
}
] |
d5dc44e40dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
Members of Balaenopteridae and Megaptera novaeangliae are both types of what?
|
Whales
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Balaenoptera is a diverse genus and comprises all but one of the extant species in its family—the other species is the humpback whale ( Megaptera novaeangliae ). This genus is known in the fossil records from the Neogene to the Quaternary (age range: from 13.65 million years ago to the present). Many fossil Balaenoptera species have been described."
},
{
"text": "Sei whales are rorquals (family Balaenopteridae), baleen whales that include the humpback whale, the blue whale, Bryde's whale, the fin whale, and the minke whale."
}
] |
d5dc45200dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
In chess, what piece could play a role in trapping the opponents king in either a back-rank mate or an Anastasia's mate?
|
A rook
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "In Anastasia's mate, a knight and rook team up to trap the opposing king between the side of the board on one side and a friendly piece on the other. Often, the queen is first sacrificed along the a-file or h-file to achieve the position. This checkmate gets its name from the novel Anastasia und das Schachspiel by Johann Jakob Wilhelm Heinse."
},
{
"text": "The back-rank mate occurs when a rook or queen checkmates a king that is blocked in by its own pieces (usually pawns) on the first or eighth rank. The bishop and knight mate is one of the four basic checkmates and occurs when the king works together with a bishop and knight to force the opponent king to the corner of the board."
}
] |
d5dc45980dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
Claisen and allylic are both types of what?
|
Rearrangements
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "An allylic rearrangement or allylic shift is an organic reaction in which the double bond in an allyl chemical compound shifts to the next carbon atom. It is encountered in nucleophilic substitution . In reaction conditions that favor a S N 1 reaction mechanism, the intermediate is a carbocation for which several resonance structures are possible."
},
{
"text": "This rearrangement is a useful carbon -carbon bond -forming reaction. An example of Claisen rearrangement is the [3,3] rearrangement of an allyl vinyl ether, which upon heating yields a γ,δ-unsaturated carbonyl. The formation of a carbonyl group makes this reaction, unlike other sigmatropic rearrangements, inherently irreversible."
}
] |
d5dc45d40dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
During what part of the year did the dramatic competition that the Greek dramatist Menander won eight times take place?
|
This competition took place in Gamelion, roughly corresponding to January.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Menander ( / məˈnændər /; Greek: Μένανδρος Menandros; c. 342/41 – c. 290 BC) was a Greek dramatist and the best-known representative of Athenian New Comedy. He wrote 108 comedies and took the prize at the Lenaia festival eight times. His record at the City Dionysia is unknown but may well have been similarly spectacular."
},
{
"text": "The Lenaia (Ancient Greek: Λήναια) was an annual Athenian festival with a dramatic competition. It was one of the lesser festivals of Athens and Ionia in ancient Greece. The Lenaia took place in Athens in Gamelion, roughly corresponding to January. The festival was in honour of Dionysus Lenaios.[1] There is also evidence the festival also took place in Delphi.[2]\"Lenaia\" probably comes from \"lenos\" 'wine-press' or from \"lenai\", another name for the Maenads (the female worshippers of Dionysus)."
}
] |
d5dc46100dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
Where was the city Valria founded and where can its ruins located?
|
Valeria was founded on land conquered from the celtiberians, between 93 and 82 BC when Valerius Flaccus became proconsul of Hispania Citerior, since when it has preserved the name that refers to its founder. Its impressive ruins are located on an spectacular site near the modern town of Valeria ( Cuenca, Castilla-La Mancha ).
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Valeria was an important Roman city and one of the three major cities (with Segobriga and Ercavica) in the modern province of Cuenca . Its impressive ruins are located on an spectacular site near the modern town of Valeria ( Cuenca, Castilla-La Mancha )."
},
{
"text": "Valeria was founded on land conquered from the celtiberians, between 93 and 82 BC when Valerius Flaccus became proconsul of Hispania Citerior, since when it has preserved the name that refers to its founder."
}
] |
d5dc46560dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
What writer adopted the term of an ethnocultural self-designation by Indo-Iranians?
|
Arthur de Gobineau adopted the term 'Aryan'
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Aryan or Arya ( / ˈɛəriən /; Indo-Iranian * arya) is a term originally used as an ethnocultural self-designation by Indo-Iranians in ancient times, in contrast to the nearby outsiders known as 'non-Aryan' (* an-arya )."
},
{
"text": "In the 1850s the term 'Aryan' was adopted as a racial category by French writer Arthur de Gobineau, who, through the later works of Houston Stewart Chamberlain, influenced the Nazi racial ideology.[12] Under Nazi rule (1933–1945), the term applied to the inhabitants of Germany of non-Jewish origin; 'non-Aryans' were discriminated against, then the target of mass and systematic killings known as the Holocaust.[13]"
}
] |
d5dc46920dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
What do both cato hocce and kamma relate to?
|
Rivers.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Canadian River: The etymology is unclear. The name may have come from French-Canadian traders and hunters who traveled along the river, or early explorers may have thought that the river flowed into Canada. Chattahoochee: from Creek cato hocce ( IPA: [tʃató hóːtʃːi]) \"marked rock\". Colorado: Spanish for \"red-colored; reddish.\""
},
{
"text": "This is a list of rivers in South Africa . It is quite common to find the Afrikaans word -rivier as part of the name. Another common suffix is \" -kamma \", from the Khoisan term for \"river\" (often tautologically the English term \"river\" is added to the name)."
}
] |
d5dc46ce0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
The PL/I programming language provided for COBOL-style what, whose elements are usually called fields or members?
|
Records
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "A record (also called tuple or struct) is an aggregate data structure. A record is a value that contains other values, typically in fixed number and sequence and typically indexed by names. The elements of records are usually called fields or members."
},
{
"text": "The PL/I programming language provided for COBOL-style records. The C programming language initially provided the record concept as a kind of template ( struct) that could be laid on top of a memory area, rather than a true record data type."
}
] |
d5dc47140dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
Antarctilamna is the one of two sharks diagnosed from the Waterloo Farm lagerstätte in South Africa and is described from an assemblage of elements including a dorsal fin spine, jaws and diplodont teeth from where?
|
It was derived from both Antarctic and New South Wales.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "The description of Antarctilamna prisca includes material derived from both Antarctic and New South Wales localities, the prior comprising the holotype, a partial decayed carcass with dermal denticles, a fin spine and teeth preserved. Material from New South Wales comprises isolated spines."
},
{
"text": "Antarctilamna ultima is one of two shark species diagnosed from the Waterloo Farm lagerstätte in South Africa. It is described from an assemblage of elements including a dorsal fin spine, jaws and diplodont teeth derived from an individual that was approximately 1m long."
}
] |
d5dc47460dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
Is the thickness of the mesocarp on an acai palm more or less than the circumference of an acai berry?
|
It is less.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "The exocarp of the ripe fruits is a deep purple color, or green, depending on the kind of açaí and its maturity. The mesocarp is pulpy and thin, with a consistent thickness of 1 mm (0.04 in) or less."
},
{
"text": "The fruit, commonly known as açaí berry or açaí, is a small, round, black-purple drupe about 25 mm (1 in) in circumference, similar in appearance to a grape, but smaller and with less pulp and produced in branched panicles of 500 to 900 fruits."
}
] |
d5dc47c80dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
What drugs are more often used instead of the synthetic for Intropin?
|
Epinephrine, dobutamine, norepinephrine
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Dopexamine is a synthetic analogue of dopamine that is administered intravenously in hospitals to reduce exacerbations of heart failure and to treat heart failure following cardiac surgery. It is not used often, as more established drugs like epinephrine, dopamine, dobutamine, norepinephrine, and levosimendan work as well."
},
{
"text": "Dopamine, sold under the brandname Intropin among others, is a medication most commonly used in the treatment of very low blood pressure, a slow heart rate that is causing symptoms, and, if epinephrine is not available, cardiac arrest. In newborn babies it continues to be the preferred treatment for very low blood pressure."
}
] |
d5dc48400dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
What is the Hebrew name for the monster whose name has come to be used for any large or powerful entity?
|
The name is בהמות.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Behemoth ( / bɪˈhiːməθ, ˈbiːə -/; Hebrew: בהמות , behemot) is a beast from the biblical Book of Job, and is a form of the primeval chaos-monster created by God at the beginning of creation; he is paired with the other chaos-monster, Leviathan, and according to later Jewish tradition both would become food for the righteous at the end-time."
},
{
"text": "Metaphorically, the name has come to be used for any extremely large or powerful entity. The Hebrew word behemoth has the same form as the plural of the Hebrew noun בהמה behemah meaning 'beast', suggesting an augmentative meaning 'great beast'."
}
] |
d5dc487c0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
What comes first and is usually but not always monosyllabic in Chinese and is known as a surname in Western culture?
|
Family names.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Modern Chinese names consist of a family name ( xìngshì; 姓氏 ), which comes first and is usually but not always monosyllabic, followed by a given name ( míng; 名 ), which is almost always disyllabic, consisting of two characters."
},
{
"text": "In Western culture, nearly all individuals possess at least one given name (also known as a first name, forename, or Christian name ), together with a surname (also known as a last name or family name ). In the name \" Abraham Lincoln \", for example, Abraham is the first name and Lincoln is the surname."
}
] |
d5dc48fe0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
The Special Frontier Force is considered as what kind of long-range patrol that has an associated verb of reconnoitre or reconnoiter?
|
Reconnaissance.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Special Frontier Force is considered a long-range reconnaissance patrol or pathfinder. They were trained against the Chinese but used to great success in Pakistan administered Kashmir and in the northern state of Punjab ."
},
{
"text": "Espionage is usually considered to be different from reconnaissance, as it is performed by non-uniformed personnel operating behind enemy lines. Often called recce (British, Canadian and Australian English) or recon (American English), the associated verb is reconnoitre or reconnoiter ."
}
] |
d5dc493a0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
40 km from Erode and about 25 km from Karur in Erode district lies a what, of which Kalighat Kali is an example?
|
A temple
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Kalighat Kali Temple is a Hindu temple in Kalighat, Kolkata, West Bengal, India dedicated to the Hindu goddess Kali. It is one of the 51 Shakti Peethas . Kalighat was a Ghat (landing stage) sacred to Kali on the old course ( Adi Ganga) of the Hooghly river (Bhāgirathi) in the city of Kolkata."
},
{
"text": "This is the sixth temple in Kongu, the region praised in the Thevaram hymns. it is situated on the banks of the river Kaveri . The sage Agastya is associated with this temple. The temple is about 40 km from Erode and about 25 km from Karur in Erode district."
}
] |
d5dc49800dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
The Aegean Region is one of the 7 geographical regions of what country that has Ankara as it's capital?
|
The Aegean Region is one of the 7 geographical regions of Turkey
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "The Aegean Region ( Turkish: Ege Bölgesi) is one of the 7 geographical regions of Turkey . Located in western Turkey, it is bordered by the Aegean Sea to the west, the Marmara Region to the north, the Central Anatolia Region to the east, and the Mediterranean Region to the south."
},
{
"text": "For the city in Turkey, see İzmir. İzmir Province ( Turkish: İzmir ili) is a province and metropolitan municipality of Turkey in western Anatolia, situated along the Aegean coast. Its capital is the city of İzmir, which is in itself composed of the province's central 11 districts out of 30 in total."
}
] |
d5dc49bc0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
Thornbacked boxfish has what other name that is partially shared with a type of species that feed in polar waters and use a bubble net technique to feed?
|
Humpback like the whale, in humpback turretfish.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "It is a ray finned fish. Other common names include helmet cowfish, humpback turretfish and thornbacked boxfish. It is most closely related to Tetrosomus reipublicae, the smallspine turretfish."
},
{
"text": "They feed in polar waters, and migrate to tropical or subtropical waters to breed and give birth, fasting and living off their fat reserves. Their diet consists mostly of krill and small fish. Humpbacks have a diverse repertoire of feeding methods, including the bubble net technique."
}
] |
d5dc4a7a0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
The Pacific Coast Ranges and the summit of Mount Hood can both be found in what U.S. state?
|
Oregon.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Mount Hood is the highest summit of the U.S. State of Oregon. This article comprises three sortable tables of major mountain peaks of the U.S. State of Oregon . The summit of a mountain or hill may be measured in three principal ways: The topographic elevation of a summit measures the height of the summit above a geodetic sea level."
},
{
"text": "The Northern Oregon Coast Range is the northern section of the Oregon Coast Range, in the Pacific Coast Ranges physiographic region, located in the northwest portion of the state of Oregon, United States. This section of the mountain range, part of the Pacific Coast Ranges, contains peaks as high as 3,710 feet (1,131 m) for Rogers Peak."
}
] |
d5dc4ab60dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
Skofnung and an ōdachi are both what?
|
Swords.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "From the testimony of Germanic mythology and the Icelandic sagas, swords could also be given individual names. Examples include the magic sword of Högni, named Dáinnleif after the dwarf Dáinn ( Skáldskaparmál ), Skofnung and Hviting, two sword-names from the Kormáks saga, Nægling and Hrunting from Beowulf, and Mimung forged by Wayland the Smith ."
},
{
"text": "Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. An ōdachi (大太刀) (large/great sword) or nodachi (野太刀, field sword) was a type of traditionally made Japanese sword (日本刀, nihontō) used by the samurai class of feudal Japan."
}
] |
d5dc4b060dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
In the law that has a similar phrase called the perfidy of inanimate objects, what type of law is it that states there's not point in doing something since the turnout will always be bad?
|
Pessimism.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "\"Finagle's law\" can also be the related belief \"Inanimate objects are out to get us\", also known as Resistentialism. Similar to Finagle's law is the verbless phrase of the German novelist Friedrich Theodor Vischer: \" die Tücke des Objekts \" (the perfidy of inanimate objects)."
},
{
"text": "I think we need to draw the line between Finagle's Law and Murphy's Law. Essentially, Finagle's Law is the law of pessimism, stating that there is effectively no point trying something because it will always go wrong."
}
] |
d5dc4b420dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
In 2016, what percent of Kerala's software exports were contributed by the city where APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University is located?
|
This city contributed 55% of the state's software exports in 2016.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University, also known as Kerala Technological University ( KTU ), is a state university located in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. It is both a teaching and affiliation university, with more than 150 affiliated colleges and over 1,60,000 students enrolled, having jurisdiction over the entire area of Kerala."
},
{
"text": "Thiruvananthapuram (/ˌtɪruːvəˌnʌntəˈpʊərəm/; Malayalam: [t̪iɾuʋɐnɐn̪d̪ɐpuɾɐm] (About this soundlisten)), commonly known by its former name Trivandrum /trɪˈvændrəm/,[8] is the capital of the Indian state of Kerala. It is the most populous city in Kerala with a population of 957,730 as of 2011.[3] The encompassing urban agglomeration population is around 1.68 million.[5] Located on the west coast of India near the extreme south of the mainland, Thiruvananthapuram is a major information technology hub in Kerala and contributes 55% of the state's software exports as of 2016."
}
] |
d5dc4c460dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
Which island lies just offshore of the city where Quebec Route 293 begins?
|
Île aux Basques is the island that lies just offshore of Trois-Pistoles, the city where Quebec Route 293 begins.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Route 293 is 67 km two-lane north/south highway located in the Bas-Saint-Laurent region of Quebec, Canada. The route starts in Trois-Pistoles at the junction of Route 132 and ends north of Cabano at the junction of Route 232 . This Quebec road, road transport or highway-related article is a stub."
},
{
"text": "Trois-Pistoles is a city in Les Basques Regional County Municipality in the Bas-Saint-Laurent region of Quebec, Canada. It is also the county seat. The town is located on the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River.A ferry crosses the river to Les Escoumins on the north shore. The port facilities are also used by fishing boats and scuba divers.The town is the site of the University of Western Ontario's annual French immersion program, which has existed since 1932. It is the oldest such program in Canada.Just offshore of the town lies Île aux Basques, an island that was used by Basque whalers in the 16th century."
}
] |
d5dc4c820dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
In humans what type of aggregation of macrophages that forms in response to chronic inflammation are considered a benign histiocytosis?
|
Eosinophilic granulomas
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "In humans, eosinophilic granulomas are considered a benign histiocytosis that occurs mainly in adolescents and young adults. Clinically, unifocal lytic lesions are found in bones such as the skull, ribs and femur. Because of this, bone pain and pathologic fractures are common."
},
{
"text": "A granuloma is an aggregation of macrophages that forms in response to chronic inflammation. This occurs when the immune system attempts to isolate foreign substances that it is otherwise unable to eliminate."
}
] |
d5dc4cbe0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
Does the person who voiced Snagglepuss or the person who voiced Major Minor have a more traditional name?
|
The person who voiced Major Minor has a more traditional name.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "As originally voiced by Daws Butler, Snagglepuss seeks quasi- Shakespearean turns of phrase. Some of his campy verbal mannerisms became catchphrases: \"Heavens to Murgatroyd !\", \"Exit, stage left !\", and a fondness for closing sentences with the emphatic \"even\"."
},
{
"text": "In some episodes, Snagglepuss is chased by Major Minor (voiced by Don Messick ), a tiny-sized hunter. A few episodes involved him trying to court a lioness named Lila (voiced by Jean Vander Pyl) but who always rejected his advances for being too boorish or pathetic."
}
] |
d5dc4d360dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
What three letters can stand for an online radio or the network of gas pipelines that covers Great Britain?
|
NTS.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "According to the Institute of Contemporary Arts, \"NTS Radio is a family of like-minded and passionate individuals, dedicated to supporting exciting music and culture through online radio and events."
},
{
"text": "The United Kingdom's National Transmission System ( NTS) is the network of gas pipelines that supply gas to about forty power stations and large industrial users from natural gas terminals situated on the coast, and to gas distribution companies that supply commercial and domestic users. It covers Great Britain, i.e. England, Wales and Scotland."
}
] |
d5dc4d7c0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
Cingulata is part of a superorder that in unique to where?
|
The Americas
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Cingulata, part of the superorder Xenarthra, is an order of armored New World placental mammals. Dasypodids and chlamyphorids, the armadillos, are the only surviving families in the order."
},
{
"text": "Xenarthra ( / zɛˈnɑːrθrə /; from Ancient Greek ξένος, xénos, “foreign, alien” + ἄρθρον, árthron, “joint”) is a major clade of placental mammals unique to the Americas. There are 31 living species: the anteaters, tree sloths, and armadillos. Extinct xenarthrans are the glyptodonts, the ground sloths, and the aquatic sloths."
}
] |
d5dc4db80dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
How did the person who worked alongside alongside Thomas Masaryk to establish the goal of a unified state respond to the two major crises during his presidency?
|
He responded to both of these events by resigning.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "The Czech Realist Party was led by Thomas Masaryk who wanted not only a free, open democracy but also a unified democratic state for Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. He worked alongside Edvard Beneš to establish the goal of a unified state, and would eventually go on to be the first president of Czechoslovakia."
},
{
"text": "Edvard Beneš (Czech pronunciation: [ˈɛdvard ˈbɛnɛʃ] (About this soundlisten); 28 May 1884 – 3 September 1948) was a Czech politician and statesman who served as the President of Czechoslovakia from 1935 to 1938 and again from 1945 to 1948. He also led the Czechoslovak government-in-exile 1939 to 1945, during World War II.As President, Beneš faced two major crises, which both resulted in his resignation."
}
] |
d5dc4e760dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
Hydrogen bonds which play a key role in many enzymatic reactions can also help other molecules that can make hydrogen bonds do what in water?
|
Dissolve
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "In biological systems, hydrogen bonding plays a key role in many enzymatic reactions, both in orienting the substrate molecules and lowering barriers to reaction."
},
{
"text": "Because hydrogen bonds are what make water stick together so well, they also help other molecules that can make hydrogen bonds dissolve in water. This is because the molecules form bonds with the hydrogen in the water, too, helping them dissolve."
}
] |
d5dc4ebc0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
Gorgonichthys and Corydoras are both types of what species?
|
Fish.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Dunkleosteus is an arthrodire originally placed in the family Dinichthyidae, which is composed mostly of large, carnivorous fish like Gorgonichthys."
},
{
"text": "Corydoras undulatus is a tropical freshwater fish belonging to the Corydoradinae sub-family of the family Callichthyidae. It originates in inland waters in South America, and is found in the lower Paraná River basin and coastal rivers in southern Brazil and Argentina . The fish will grow in length up to 1.7 inches (4.4 centimeters)."
}
] |
d5dc4ef80dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
What rule is very applicable to carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and the halogens where every atom might want to have eight valence electrons in its outermost electron shell?
|
The octet rule.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "The octet rule is a general rule of thumb that applies to most atoms. It states that every atom might want to have eight valence electrons in its outermost electron shell. According to the Bohr model, an atom consists of a nucleus of protons and neutrons orbited by a number of electrons."
},
{
"text": "The rule is especially applicable to carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and the halogens, but also to metals such as sodium or magnesium . The valence electrons can be counted using a Lewis electron dot diagram as shown at the right for carbon dioxide."
}
] |
d5dc4f340dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
Canard that flows into the Minas Basin and the body of water that becomes a tidal estuary at the community of Tidnish Bridge are both types of what?
|
Rivers.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "The North Mountain ridge forms the north side of the Annapolis Valley. Also flowing east, in two smaller valleys north of the Cornwallis River, are the Canard River and the Habitant River, both of which also flow into the Minas Basin. Eastern End."
},
{
"text": "The river becomes a tidal estuary at the community of Tidnish Bridge where the Chignecto Ship Railway constructed a large stone masonry bridge across it. At Tidnish Bridge, the river flows the final 2 kilometres in a serpentine manner to discharge into the Northumberland Strait at Jacksons Point on Baie Verte ."
}
] |
d5dc4ff20dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
The dusky grouper is a part of what genus of marine ray-finned fish that are largely associated with reefs?
|
Epinephelus.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Epinephelus is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, groupers from the subfamily Epinephelinae, part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. They are predatory fish, largely associated with reefs and are found in tropical and subtropical seas throughout the world. They are important target species for fisheries."
},
{
"text": "Epinephelus marginatus, the dusky grouper, yellowbelly rock cod or yellowbelly grouper, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grouper from the subfamily Epinephelinae which is part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses."
}
] |
d5dc50380dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
Vascular myelopathy is part of a class of diseases of what?
|
Blood vessels
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Vascular disease is a class of diseases of the blood vessels – the arteries and veins of the circulatory system of the body. It is a subgroup of cardiovascular disease. Disorders in this vast network of blood vessels, can cause a range of health problems which can be severe or prove fatal."
},
{
"text": "Vascular myelopathy ( vascular disease of the spinal cord) refers to an abnormality of the spinal cord in regard to its blood supply. The blood supply is complicated and supplied by two major vessel groups: the posterior spinal arteries and the anterior spinal arteries —of which the Artery of Adamkiewicz is the largest."
}
] |
d5dc50b00dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
Kewa Pueblo and Laguna Pueblo are both located in what section of the United States?
|
The Southwest
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Kewa Pueblo ( Eastern Keres [kʰewɑ], Keres: Díiwʾi, Navajo: Tó Hájiiloh ), formerly known as Santo Domingo Pueblo, is a census-designated place (CDP) in Sandoval County, New Mexico, and a federally-recognized tribe of Native American Pueblo people ."
},
{
"text": "/ 35.01889°N 107.38444°W / 35.01889; -107.38444 The Laguna Pueblo ( Western Keres: Kawaika [kʰɑwɑjkʰɑ]) is a federally recognized tribe of Native American Pueblo people in west-central New Mexico, near the city of Albuquerque, in the United States."
},
{
"text": "The Pueblo people are a group of Native American people who live in the southwestern part of the United States. They speak several different native languages. They are split into two major cultures, based on different systems of kinship."
}
] |
d5dc50ec0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
The idea of using kites is currently the most popular form of what, defined as the practice of decreasing the fuel consumption of a merchant vessel through the use of sails or some other wind capture device, on commercial ships?
|
Wind assisted propulsion
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "The idea of using kites is currently the most popular form of wind-assisted propulsion on commercial ships, largely due to the low cost of retrofitting the system to existing ships with minimal interference with existing structures."
},
{
"text": "Wind assisted propulsion is the practice of decreasing the fuel consumption of a merchant vessel through the use of sails or some other wind capture device. Sails used to be the primary means of propelling ships, but with the advent of the steam engine and the diesel engine, sails came to be used for recreational sailing only."
}
] |
d5dc51280dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
What section of New York City is where the eight-block-long street and the two-mile-long one-way street traveling west to east found?
|
Manhattan.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Wall Street is an eight-block-long street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City. It runs between Broadway in the west to South Street and the East River in the east."
},
{
"text": "54th Street is a two-mile-long (3.2 km), one-way street traveling west to east across Midtown Manhattan . The route begins at Twelfth Avenue ( New York Route 9A ). Opposite the intersection is the New York Passenger Ship Terminal and the Hudson River."
}
] |
d5dc51640dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
Guiniforte Solari deisgned a part of what type of thing that Lombard king Desiderius founded?
|
A church
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "It is the only one in city which has entirely maintained its original Palaeo-Christian appearance. The first church was founded by the Lombard king Desiderius in 770, who dedicated it to the Virgin Mary."
},
{
"text": "The main architect, Guiniforte Solari, designed the convent (the Gothic nave ), which was completed by 1469. Construction of the church took decades. Duke Ludovico Sforza decided to have the church serve as the Sforza family burial site, and rebuilt the cloister and the apse, both completed after 1490."
}
] |
d5dc51a00dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
What national government of the United States is bicameral which includes the Senate and House of Representatives?
|
The federal government of the United States.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "The federal government of the United States ( U.S. federal government) is the national government of the United States, a federal republic in North America, composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories and several island possessions."
},
{
"text": "It is bicameral, comprising the House of Representatives and the Senate . The congress consists of three senate political groups, contains 535 seats. The House currently consists of 435 voting members, each of whom represents a congressional district."
}
] |
d5dc52180dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
What is Panchayati raj and what are the leaders of Panchayat called?
|
Panchayat raj is the oldest system of local government in the Indian subcontinent, and historical mentions date to the 250 CE period and the Panchayat leaders are often called the mukhiya, sarpanch, or pradhan.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "It is the oldest system of local government in the Indian subcontinent, and historical mentions date to the 250 CE period. The word raj means \"rule\" and panchayat means \"assembly\" ( ayat) of five ( panch )."
},
{
"text": "Panch Prayag (Pañca prayāga) is an expression in Hindu religious ethos, specifically used to connote the five sacred river confluences in the Garhwal Himalayas in the state of Uttarakhand, India."
}
] |
d5dc525e0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
The process by which cells absorb metabolites, hormones, proteins by the inward budding of the plasma membrane tends to occur concurrently with what other process in highly active synaptic terminals?
|
Bulk endocytosis tends to occur concurrently with clathrin-mediated endocytosis in highly active synaptic terminals
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Receptor-mediated endocytosis ( RME ), also called clathrin-mediated endocytosis, is a process by which cells absorb metabolites, hormones, proteins – and in some cases viruses – by the inward budding of the plasma membrane ( invagination )."
},
{
"text": "Clathrin-mediated endocytosis and bulk endocytosis appear to occur concurrently in highly active synaptic terminals. The dephosphorylation of dynamin does not prevent the association of amphiphysin, therefore allowing the two processes to happen independently of each other."
}
] |
d5dc531c0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
What religious site dedicated to the god Pluto in the ancient city of Hierapolis near Pamukkale in modern Turkey 's Denizli Province was described by several ancient writers including Strabo?
|
The Ploutonion
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "The Ploutonion at Hierapolis ( Ancient Greek: Πλουτώνειον Ploutōneion, lit \"Place of Pluto\"; Latin: Plutonium) or Pluto's Gate was a ploutonion (a religious site dedicated to the god Pluto) in the ancient city of Hierapolis near Pamukkale in modern Turkey 's Denizli Province."
},
{
"text": "The Ploutonion was described by several ancient writers including Strabo,[6] Cassius Dio and Damascius[citation needed]. It is a small cave, just large enough for one person to enter through a fenced entrance, beyond which stairs go down, and from which emerges suffocating carbon dioxide gas caused by underground geologic activity."
}
] |
d5dc53e40dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
GQ, GO, GR and AIR are all examples of what?
|
Callsigns
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Fixed call signs for the United States Air Force stations begin with A, such as AIR, used by USAF Headquarters. The USAF also uses semi-fixed identifiers consisting of a name followed by a two or three digit number."
},
{
"text": "Special event call signs are issued with a 'GB' prefix, but others like GQ, GO, GR, MQ, GA, MO and 2O have been issued in special cases. Ofcom also allows numerals in special event call sign suffixes. For instance GB75RD was a special event sign for the 75th anniversary of the Reading and District Amateur radio club."
}
] |
d5dc54200dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
Ferrous metallurgy is a metallurgy of what element found in the chemical compound ferrous tartrate?
|
Iron.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Ferrous tartrate is a chemical compound and the iron (II) salt of tartaric acid. Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Ferrous tartrate has been used as a steel medicine."
},
{
"text": "Ferrous metallurgy, the metallurgy of iron and its alloys, began in prehistory. The earliest surviving iron artifacts, from the 4th millennium BC in Egypt, were made from meteoritic iron-nickel."
}
] |
d5dc545c0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
Cainshill Primary School in what same area that Dromore is a small market town in?
|
Northern Ireland
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Dromore (from Irish: Droim Mór, meaning 'large ridge') is a small market town and civil parish in County Down, Northern Ireland. It lies within the local government area of Armagh City, Banbridge and Craigavon Borough Council."
},
{
"text": "Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. This is a list of state maintained primary schools in Northern Ireland . Cainshill Primary School. Belfast, County Down Cregagh Primary School. Belfast, County Down"
}
] |
d5dc54a20dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
On which island in the Baltic Sea have 202 species of syrphid flies been found?
|
Runmarö
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Hoverflies, also called flower flies or syrphid flies, make up the insect family Syrphidae. As their common name suggests, they are often seen hovering or nectaring at flowers; the adults of many species feed mainly on nectar and pollen, while the larvae ( maggots) eat a wide range of foods."
},
{
"text": "Gardeners, therefore, sometimes use companion plants to attract hoverflies. Those reputed to do so include Alyssum spp., Iberis umbellata, statice, buckwheat, chamomile, parsley, and yarrow.Fredrik Sjöberg's book The Fly Trap concerns his enthusiasm for hoverflies on the island of Runmarö in the Baltic Sea.[28] The island is a hotspot for hoverflies and other insects; Sjöberg has collected 58 species of butterflies there, and (in seven years of hunting) 202 species of hoverflies, including 180 in his garden.[29]"
}
] |
d5dc54de0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
Which state is a part of a 341,100 square kilometers big ecoregion that is located strategically in the central region of the Indian sub-continent?
|
Telangana.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "The ecoregion covers an area of 341,100 square kilometers (131,700 sq mi), extending across portions of Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, and Telangana states."
},
{
"text": "Telangana, located strategically in the central region of the Indian sub-continent, has representatives of Indian plant and animal life. The vegetation found in the state is largely of dry deciduous type with a mixture of teak, and species of the genera Terminalia, Pterocarpus, Anogeissus etc ."
}
] |
d5dc556a0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
To test the branches of the facial nerve that cross the zygomatic arch to the temporal region, a patient is asked to do what?
|
To test the function of the temporal branches of the facial nerve, a patient is asked to frown and wrinkle his or her forehead.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "The temporal branch acts as the efferent limb of the corneal reflex . To test the function of the temporal branches of the facial nerve, a patient is asked to frown and wrinkle his or her forehead. Lateral head anatomy detail.Facial nerve dissection."
},
{
"text": "The temporal branches of the facial nerve (frontal branch of the facial nerve) crosses the zygomatic arch to the temporal region, supplying the auriculares anterior and superior, and joining with the zygomaticotemporal branch of the maxillary nerve, and with the auriculotemporal branch of the mandibular nerve."
}
] |
d5dc55a60dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
The formula used to describe the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction, when referring to light or other waves passing through a boundary between two different isotropic media was first accurately described by whom?
|
Snell's law was first accurately described by the Persian scientist Ibn Sahl at the Baghdad court in 984.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Snell's law (also known as Snell–Descartes law and the law of refraction) is a formula used to describe the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction, when referring to light or other waves passing through a boundary between two different isotropic media, such as water, glass, or air."
},
{
"text": "The law eventually named after Snell was first accurately described by the Persian scientist Ibn Sahl at the Baghdad court in 984. In the manuscript On Burning Mirrors and Lenses, Sahl used the law to derive lens shapes that focus light with no geometric aberrations.[5]"
}
] |
d5dc55ec0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
The thing that may be " notarized " or acknowledged and may be the subject of the statute of frauds has what status in Canada?
|
They are permitted, and in fact most provinces have statutes specifically allowing them
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "It may be \" notarized \" or acknowledged and may be the subject of the statute of frauds. Like the contents of a prenuptial agreement, provisions vary widely but commonly includes provisions for division of property and spousal support in the event of divorce, death of one of the spouses, or breakup of marriage."
},
{
"text": "Like the contents of a prenuptial agreement, provisions vary widely but commonly includes provisions for division of property and spousal support in the event of divorce, death of one of the spouses, or breakup of marriage. In Canada, postnuptial agreements are permitted, and in fact most provinces have statutes specifically allowing them."
}
] |
d5dc561e0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
Is the lighthouse on Cape Point or the Cape of the Needles farther south?
|
The Cape of the Needles aka Cape Agulhas is farther south as it is the geographic southern tip of the African continent.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Cape Point is the small cape jutting out towards the east from The Cape of Good Hope at the southern end of the Peninsula. The lighthouse is on Cape Point, rather than on the Cape of Good Hope to the west."
},
{
"text": "Cape Agulhas ( / əˈɡʊljəs /; Portuguese: Cabo das Agulhas [ˈkaβu ðɐz ɐˈɣuʎɐʃ], \"Cape of the Needles\") is a rocky headland in Western Cape, South Africa . It is the geographic southern tip of the African continent and the beginning of the dividing line between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans according to the International Hydrographic Organization."
}
] |
d5dc56640dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
What pond does the temple complex surround where the Hindus believe to be the site where the Pandavas engaged in a riddle contest with the Yakshas?
|
The sacred Hindu pond named Katas.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Hindu tradition holds that the temples date from the era of the Mahabharata, and is believed to be where the Pandava brothers spent a large portion of their exile. It is also believed by Hindus to be the site where the Pandavas engaged in a riddle contest with the Yakshas, as described in the Yaksha Prashna."
},
{
"text": "The temple complex surrounds a pond named Katas which is regarded as sacred by Hindus. The complex is located in the Potohar Plateau region of Pakistan 's Punjab province. The temples are located near the town of Choa Saidanshah, and are near the M2 Motorway ."
}
] |
d5dc56a00dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
What can make a shade of white like the color of ivory from the tusks of animals?
|
The red, green, and blue codes not being exactly equal.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "An achromatic white is a white color in which the red, green, and blue codes are exactly equal. The web colors white and white smoke are achromatic colors. A chromatic shade of white is a white color in which the red, green, and blue codes are not exactly equal, but are close to each other, which is what makes it a shade of white."
},
{
"text": "Ivory is an off-white color that resembles ivory, the material out of which the teeth and tusks of animals (such as the elephant and the walrus) are made. It has a very slight tint of yellow . The first recorded use of ivory as a color name in English was in 1385."
}
] |
d5dc56e60dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
The de Havilland Canada DHC-5 Buffalo is what type of aircraft that has short runway requirements for takeoff and landing?
|
STOL aircraft
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "The de Havilland Canada DHC-5 Buffalois a short takeoff and landing (STOL) utility transport turbopropaircraft developed from the earlier piston-powered DHC-4 Caribou. The aircraft has extraordinary STOL performance and is able to take off in distances much shorter than even most light aircraftcan manage."
},
{
"text": "A short takeoff and landing ( STOL) aircraft has short runway requirements for takeoff and landing. Many STOL-designed aircraft also feature various arrangements for use on runways with harsh conditions (such as high altitude or ice)."
}
] |
d5dc57220dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
In 1981 a group of eight Japanese climbers died while climbing what mountain that sometimes goes by the name Minya Konka?
|
Eight Japanese climbers died while climbing Mount Gongga.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Mount Gongga is a 7,556 metres (24,790 ft) mountain in the Daxue Shan range, in Sichuan China. It is also known as Gongga Shan and Minya Konka. The name Minya Konka means \"White Ice Mountain of Minyang\". It is the 41st highest mountain in the world."
},
{
"text": "Mount Gongga is thought of as one of the hardest and most dangerous mountains to climb.[2][5][6] There have been many deaths on the mountain. These include a group of eight Japanese climbers in 1981.[7] Until 1999, more people had died on the mountain than had made it to the top.[8][9]"
}
] |
d5dc57680dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
Regarding the unique address which refers to only one destination, what is its SS7 equivalent to IP routing?
|
Global title translation.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "A global title ( GT) is an address used in the SCCP protocol for routing signaling messages on telecommunications networks. In theory, a global title is a unique address which refers to only one destination, though in practice destinations can change over time. INAP, MAP, IS-41 ..."
},
{
"text": "Global title translation (GTT) is the SS7 equivalent to IP routing. Translation examines the destination address (e.g. the number being called) and decides how to identify it over the telephone network."
}
] |
d5dc581c0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
What is the colloquial name of the club drug that is used recreationally along with PCP and Ketamine?
|
Laughing gas.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Its colloquial name \"laughing gas\", coined by Humphry Davy, is due to the euphoric effects upon inhaling it, a property that has led to its recreational use as a dissociative anaesthetic. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system."
},
{
"text": "Some dissociative drugs are used recreationally. Ketamine and nitrous oxide are club drugs. Phencyclidine (PCP or angel dust) is available as a street drug. Dextromethorphan -based cough syrups (often labeled DXM) are taken by some users in higher than medically recommended levels for their dissociative effects."
}
] |
d5dc58620dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
How does the type of bond that makes water stick together so well affect many enzymatic reactions?
|
It orients the substrate molecules and lowers barriers to reaction.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Because hydrogen bonds are what make water stick together so well, they also help other molecules that can make hydrogen bonds dissolve in water. This is because the molecules form bonds with the hydrogen in the water, too, helping them dissolve."
},
{
"text": "Hydrogen-bond catalysis is a type of organocatalysis that relies on use of hydrogen bonding interactions to accelerate and control organic reactions. In biological systems, hydrogen bonding plays a key role in many enzymatic reactions, both in orienting the substrate molecules and lowering barriers to reaction."
}
] |
d5dc589e0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
Rhodopsin-like is a family of what thing of which Prostaglandin F is a type of?
|
Receptor
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "The PTGIR gene is located on human chromosome 19 at position q13.32 (i.e. 19q13.32), contains 6 exons, and codes for a G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) of the rhodopsin-like receptor family, Subfamily A14 (see rhodopsin-like receptors#Subfamily A14 ). IP is most highly expressed in brain and thymus and is readily detected in most other tissues."
},
{
"text": "Prostaglandin F receptor ( FP) is a receptor belonging to the prostaglandin (PG) group of receptors. FP binds to and mediates the biological actions of Prostaglandin F 2α (PGF 2α )."
}
] |
d5dc58da0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
The inorganic compound with the formula KAlO 2 has what element that can be a salt of the fulminate ion?
|
Potassium.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "?) Potassium aluminate is an inorganic compound with the formula KAlO 2, which in aqueous solution exists as K [Al (OH) 4 ]. It is used as a dyeing and printing mordant, as a paper sizing, as an accelerant in the setting of concrete . Potassium aluminate can be used to produce Potassium alum with Sulfuric acid in this reaction."
},
{
"text": "Potassium fulminate is the potassium salt of the fulminate ion. Its only use, aside from chemical demonstrations, is in the percussion caps for some early rifles."
}
] |
d5dc59980dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
The islands that mark the centre of a large meteorite impact crater have how many minor islands?
|
5
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "The Slate Islands archipelago is formed of two main islands, five minor islands and numerous islets located in northern Lake Superior, 10 kilometres (6 mi) south of the town of Terrace Bay. The islands were created by a meteorite impact which formed a crater about 32 km (20 mi) wide."
},
{
"text": "The Slate Islands mark the centre of a large meteorite impact crater. The original crater rim is estimated at about 32 km (20 mi) in diameter, but this and most of the crater has subsequently eroded away, leaving the islands which are interpreted as a central uplift."
}
] |
d5dc59d40dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
Which school is more southern: Episcopal Divinity School or Sewanee: The University of the South?
|
Sewanee is more southern.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "The Episcopal Divinity School ( EDS) is a theological school in New York City that trains students for service with the Episcopal Church. It is affiliated with the Union Theological Seminary."
},
{
"text": "Sewanee: The University of the South, commonly known as Sewanee ( / səˈwɑːni / ), is a private Episcopal liberal arts college in Sewanee, Tennessee. It is owned by 28 southern dioceses of the Episcopal Church and its School of Theology is an official seminary of the church."
}
] |
d5dc5a1a0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
The Montseny brook newt and Sardinian mountain newt are species of which salamander family?
|
Salamandridae
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "The Montseny brook newt ( Catalan: tritó del Montseny ), Calotriton arnoldi, is a species of salamander in the family Salamandridae. It is endemic to the Montseny Massif ( Catalan Pre-Coastal Range) in northeast Spain."
},
{
"text": "The Sardinian brook salamander or Sardinian mountain newt ( Euproctus platycephalus) is a species of salamander in the family Salamandridae found only in Sardinia, Italy. The Sardinian brook salamander can grow to about 15 cm (6 in) in length, but adults are usually rather smaller than this, with females being a bit larger than males."
}
] |
d5dc5a560dba11ecb1e81171463288e9
|
Who was the first person to test on humans the drug sold as Excedrin, Calpol, and Panadol?
|
Paracetamol, the drug commonly sold under the names Excedrin, Calpol, or Panadol, was first tested on humans by Joseph von Mering.
|
text
|
[] |
[
{
"text": "Common brand names include Tylenol, Excedrin, Calpol, and Panadol. Tylenol is a brand of drugs advertised for reducing pain, reducing fever, and relieving the symptoms of allergies, cold, cough headache, and influenza. The active ingredient of its original flagship product is paracetamol."
},
{
"text": "Harmon Northrop Morse synthesized paracetamol at Johns Hopkins University via the reduction of p-nitrophenol with tin in glacial acetic acid in 1877,[124][125] but it was not until 1887 that clinical pharmacologist Joseph von Mering tried paracetamol on humans.[123] In 1893, von Mering published a paper reporting on the clinical results of paracetamol with phenacetin, another aniline derivative.[126]"
}
] |
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