|
--- |
|
language: |
|
- en |
|
task_categories: |
|
- token-classification |
|
|
|
--- |
|
# AutoTrain Dataset for project: automatic |
|
|
|
## Dataset Description |
|
|
|
This dataset has been automatically processed by AutoTrain for project automatic. |
|
|
|
### Languages |
|
|
|
The BCP-47 code for the dataset's language is en. |
|
|
|
## Dataset Structure |
|
|
|
### Data Instances |
|
|
|
A sample from this dataset looks as follows: |
|
|
|
```json |
|
[ |
|
{ |
|
"tokens": [ |
|
"Pd", |
|
"has", |
|
"been", |
|
"regarded", |
|
"as", |
|
"one", |
|
"of", |
|
"the", |
|
"alternatives", |
|
"to", |
|
"Pt", |
|
"as", |
|
"a", |
|
"promising", |
|
"hydrogen", |
|
"evolution", |
|
"reaction", |
|
"(HER)", |
|
"catalyst.", |
|
"Strategies", |
|
"including", |
|
"Pd-metal", |
|
"alloys", |
|
"(Pd-M)", |
|
"and", |
|
"Pd", |
|
"hydrides", |
|
"(PdH<sub><i>x</i></sub>)", |
|
"have", |
|
"been", |
|
"proposed", |
|
"to", |
|
"boost", |
|
"HER", |
|
"performances.", |
|
"However,", |
|
"the", |
|
"stability", |
|
"issues,", |
|
"e.g.,", |
|
"the", |
|
"dissolution", |
|
"in", |
|
"Pd-M", |
|
"and", |
|
"the", |
|
"hydrogen", |
|
"releasing", |
|
"in", |
|
"PdH<sub><i>x</i></sub>,", |
|
"restrict", |
|
"the", |
|
"industrial", |
|
"application", |
|
"of", |
|
"Pd-based", |
|
"HER", |
|
"catalysts.", |
|
"We", |
|
"here", |
|
"design", |
|
"and", |
|
"synthesize", |
|
"a", |
|
"stable", |
|
"Pd-Cu", |
|
"hydride", |
|
"(", |
|
"PdCu<sub>0.2</sub>H<sub>0.43</sub>", |
|
")", |
|
"catalyst,", |
|
"combining", |
|
"the", |
|
"advantages", |
|
"of", |
|
"both", |
|
"Pd-M", |
|
"and", |
|
"PdH<sub><i>x</i></sub>", |
|
"structures", |
|
"and", |
|
"improving", |
|
"the", |
|
"HER", |
|
"durability", |
|
"simultaneously.", |
|
"The", |
|
"hydrogen", |
|
"intercalation", |
|
"is", |
|
"realized", |
|
"under", |
|
"atmospheric", |
|
"pressure", |
|
"(1.0", |
|
"atm)", |
|
"following", |
|
"our", |
|
"synthetic", |
|
"approach", |
|
"that", |
|
"imparts", |
|
"high", |
|
"stability", |
|
"to", |
|
"the", |
|
"Pd-Cu", |
|
"hydride", |
|
"structure.", |
|
"The", |
|
"obtained", |
|
"PdCu<sub>0.2</sub>H<sub>0.43</sub>", |
|
"catalyst", |
|
"exhibits", |
|
"a", |
|
"small", |
|
"overpotential", |
|
"of", |
|
"28", |
|
"mV", |
|
"at", |
|
"10", |
|
"mA/cm<sup>2</sup>", |
|
",", |
|
"a", |
|
"low", |
|
"Tafel", |
|
"slope", |
|
"of", |
|
"23", |
|
"mV/dec", |
|
",", |
|
"and", |
|
"excellent", |
|
"HER", |
|
"durability", |
|
"due", |
|
"to", |
|
"its", |
|
"appropriate", |
|
"hydrogen", |
|
"adsorption", |
|
"free", |
|
"energy", |
|
"and", |
|
"alleviated", |
|
"metal", |
|
"dissolution", |
|
"rate.", |
|
"</p>", |
|
"<p>" |
|
], |
|
"tags": [ |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
0, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
0, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
4, |
|
2, |
|
5, |
|
5, |
|
2, |
|
5, |
|
5, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
4, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
5, |
|
5, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2 |
|
] |
|
}, |
|
{ |
|
"tokens": [ |
|
"A", |
|
"critical", |
|
"challenge", |
|
"in", |
|
"energy", |
|
"research", |
|
"is", |
|
"the", |
|
"development", |
|
"of", |
|
"earth", |
|
"abundant", |
|
"and", |
|
"cost-effective", |
|
"materials", |
|
"that", |
|
"catalyze", |
|
"the", |
|
"electrochemical", |
|
"splitting", |
|
"of", |
|
"water", |
|
"into", |
|
"hydrogen", |
|
"and", |
|
"oxygen", |
|
"at", |
|
"high", |
|
"rates", |
|
"and", |
|
"low", |
|
"overpotentials.", |
|
"Key", |
|
"to", |
|
"addressing", |
|
"this", |
|
"issue", |
|
"lies", |
|
"not", |
|
"only", |
|
"in", |
|
"the", |
|
"synthesis", |
|
"of", |
|
"new", |
|
"materials,", |
|
"but", |
|
"also", |
|
"in", |
|
"the", |
|
"elucidation", |
|
"of", |
|
"their", |
|
"active", |
|
"sites,", |
|
"their", |
|
"structure", |
|
"under", |
|
"operating", |
|
"conditions", |
|
"and", |
|
"ultimately,", |
|
"extraction", |
|
"of", |
|
"the", |
|
"structure-function", |
|
"relationships", |
|
"used", |
|
"to", |
|
"spearhead", |
|
"the", |
|
"next", |
|
"generation", |
|
"of", |
|
"catalyst", |
|
"development.", |
|
"In", |
|
"this", |
|
"work,", |
|
"we", |
|
"present", |
|
"a", |
|
"complete", |
|
"cycle", |
|
"of", |
|
"synthesis,", |
|
"operando", |
|
"characterization,", |
|
"and", |
|
"redesign", |
|
"of", |
|
"an", |
|
"amorphous", |
|
"cobalt", |
|
"phosphide", |
|
"(", |
|
"CoP", |
|
"<sub><i>x</i></sub>", |
|
")", |
|
"bifunctional", |
|
"catalyst.", |
|
"The", |
|
"research", |
|
"was", |
|
"driven", |
|
"by", |
|
"integrated", |
|
"electrochemical", |
|
"analysis,", |
|
"Raman", |
|
"spectroscopy", |
|
"and", |
|
"gravimetric", |
|
"measurements", |
|
"utilizing", |
|
"a", |
|
"novel", |
|
"quartz", |
|
"crystal", |
|
"microbalance", |
|
"spectroelectrochemical", |
|
"cell", |
|
"to", |
|
"uncover", |
|
"the", |
|
"catalytically", |
|
"active", |
|
"species", |
|
"of", |
|
"amorphous", |
|
"CoP", |
|
"<sub><i>x</i></sub>", |
|
"and", |
|
"subsequently", |
|
"modify", |
|
"the", |
|
"material", |
|
"to", |
|
"enhance", |
|
"the", |
|
"activity", |
|
"of", |
|
"the", |
|
"elucidated", |
|
"catalytic", |
|
"phases.", |
|
"Illustrating", |
|
"the", |
|
"power", |
|
"of", |
|
"our", |
|
"approach,", |
|
"the", |
|
"second", |
|
"generation", |
|
"cobalt-iron", |
|
"phosphide", |
|
"(", |
|
"CoFeP<sub>x</sub>", |
|
")", |
|
"catalyst,", |
|
"developed", |
|
"through", |
|
"an", |
|
"iteration", |
|
"of", |
|
"the", |
|
"operando", |
|
"measurement", |
|
"directed", |
|
"optimization", |
|
"cycle,", |
|
"is", |
|
"superior", |
|
"in", |
|
"both", |
|
"hydrogen", |
|
"and", |
|
"oxygen", |
|
"evolution", |
|
"reactivity", |
|
"over", |
|
"the", |
|
"previous", |
|
"material", |
|
"and", |
|
"is", |
|
"capable", |
|
"of", |
|
"overall", |
|
"water", |
|
"electrolysis", |
|
"at", |
|
"a", |
|
"current", |
|
"density", |
|
"of", |
|
"10", |
|
"mA", |
|
"cm<sup>-2</sup>", |
|
"with", |
|
"1.5", |
|
"V", |
|
"applied", |
|
"bias", |
|
"in", |
|
"1", |
|
"M", |
|
"KOH", |
|
"electrolyte", |
|
"solution.", |
|
"</p>", |
|
"<p>" |
|
], |
|
"tags": [ |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
0, |
|
0, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
0, |
|
0, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
0, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
4, |
|
4, |
|
2, |
|
5, |
|
5, |
|
5, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2, |
|
2 |
|
] |
|
} |
|
] |
|
``` |
|
|
|
### Dataset Fields |
|
|
|
The dataset has the following fields (also called "features"): |
|
|
|
```json |
|
{ |
|
"tokens": "Sequence(feature=Value(dtype='string', id=None), length=-1, id=None)", |
|
"tags": "Sequence(feature=ClassLabel(names=['CATALYST', 'CO-CATALYST', 'O', 'Other', 'PROPERTY_NAME', 'PROPERTY_VALUE'], id=None), length=-1, id=None)" |
|
} |
|
``` |
|
|
|
### Dataset Splits |
|
|
|
This dataset is split into a train and validation split. The split sizes are as follow: |
|
|
|
| Split name | Num samples | |
|
| ------------ | ------------------- | |
|
| train | 168 | |
|
| valid | 42 | |
|
|