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MohamedRashad

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وأجابهم في كتاب أبي الهياج

Umar replied to the letter brought by Abu al-Hayyaj, saying

وإن لم تشاءوا فانبذوا إليهم، وابلغوهم مأمنهم

If you do not so wish, revoke the treaty and escort them to a place which is secure for them

وأما من ادعى أنه استكره ممن لم يخالفهم إليكم أو يذهب في الأرض، فلا تصدقوهم بما ادعوا من ذلك إلا أن تشاءوا

As forthose who claim that they were forced "to leave the land) and did not come to you after the Persians had gone or migrated, do not believe what they have claimed, unless you wish to

فمن تم على عهده من أهل السواد، ولم يعن عليكم بشيء، فلهم الذمة، وعليهم الجزية

Those inhabitants of sawad who held fast to their treaty and did not help the enemy against you in any way have the protection (dhimmah) and must pay the poll tax

فهو انكش للكفر

It is "also" more effective in uprooting infidelity

والعدل- وان رئى لينا- فهو أقوى وأطفأ للجور، وأقمع للباطل من الجور، وان رئى شديدا

Even if justice seems to be lenient, it is stronger and more effective in suppressing injustice and falsehood than injustice, even if it seems harsh

وأما العدل فلا رخصة فيه في قريب ولا بعيد، ولا في شدة ولا رخاء

As for justice, there can also be no dispensation with regard to it, neither for relative nor for stranger, neither in adversity nor in prosperity

فأما الذكر فلا رخصة فيه في حالة، ولم يرض منه إلا بالكثير

As for the remembrance of God there can be no dispensation with regard to it in any event, and only abundance of it is satisfactory

أما بعد، فإن اللَّه جل وعلا أنزل في كل شيء رخصة في بعض الحالات إلا في أمرين" العدل في السيرة والذكر

Now, then, God the Exalted has granted in certain cases a dispensation (rukhsah) in every matter, except in just conduct and in the remembrance of God (dhikr

وكتب جواب كتاب أنس بْن الحليس

'Umar wrote a reply to the letter brought by Anas b. al-Hulays, saying

وكذلك الفلاح

The same applies to the peasants

وأن يخيروا من أقام واستسلم" الجزاء، أو الجلاء

Those who have stayed and have surren-dered will be offered the choice between paying the poll tax and exile

فإن شاءوا وادعوهم وكانوا لهم ذمة، وإن شاءوا تموا على منعهم من أرضهم ولم يعطوهم إلا القتال

If they wish, they will make a treaty with them and "the migrants" will became ahl al-dhimmah; if the Muslims wish "otherwise", they will persevere in preventing them from returning to their land and offer them nothing except war

وأن يجعل أمر من جلا إليهم

"They also decided" that the matter of those who migrated should be decided at the discretion of the Muslims

وإن كذب نبذ إليهم وأعادوا صلحهم

If their claim is considered false, the treaty will be revoked and the Muslims will make a new peace treaty with them

وأن من ادعى فصدق أو وفي فبمنزلتهم

Those who made a claim which was accounted genuine or who fulfilled "the conditions of their treaty" would have the status of the former group

فأجمعوا على أن الوفاء لمن أقام وكف لم يزده غلبه إلا خيرا

The Muslims unanimously decided that the treaty should be fulfilled with regard to those who had stayed and had refrained "from fighting the Muslims"; their being overwhelmed would only improve their position

فَمَا رَأْيُكُمْ فِيمَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ اسْتُكْرِهَ وَحُشِرَ، وَفِيمَنْ لَمْ يَدع ذَلِكَ وَلَمْ يَقُمْ وَجِلا، وفيمن أقام ولم يدع شيئا، ولم يجل، وفيمن استسلم

What is your view of those who claim that they were forcibly recruited into the "Persian" army; of those who did not claim this, did not stay, and migrated; of those who stayed, did not claim anything, and did not migrate; and of those who surrendered

وَأَتَاهُمْ مَنْ أَقَامَ عَلَى عَهْدِهِمْ

Those who stayed "on their land" according to the treaty agreed upon with the Muslims who had fought in the previous battles came to the Muslims "who fought in al-Qadisiyyah

وَجَلا أَهْلُهُ

Its inhabitants migrated

وَقَدْ ظَفَرَ أَهْلُ الأَيَّامِ وَالْقَوَادِسِ بِمَا يَلِيهِمْ

The people who fought in the previous battles and those who fought in al-Qawadis took hold of the area close to them

وَذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَقُولُ" «وَوَجَدُوا مَا عَمِلُوا حاضِراً وَلا يَظْلِمُ رَبُّكَ أَحَداً

This will be so because God the Exalted says" "And they will find what they did present and your Lord will not treat anybody with injustice

وَمَنْ يَتَّبِعِ السُّنَّةَ وَيَنْتَهِ إِلَى الشَّرَائِعِ، وَيَلْزَمِ السَّبِيلَ النَّهجَ ابْتِغَاءَ مَا عِنْدِ اللَّهِ لأَهْلِ الطَّاعَةِ، أَصَابَ أَمْرَهُ، وَظَفَرَ بِحَظِّهِ

Those who follow the sunnah, abide by the laws of religion, and adhere to the manifest way—out of desire to obtain what God has in store for people who obey Him — will do the right thing and will be fortunate

إِنَّهُ مَنْ يَعْمَلْ بِالْهَوَى وَالْمَعْصِيَةِ يَسْقُطْ حَظُّهُ وَلا يَضُرَّ إِلا نَفْسَهُ

Those who act according to their passions and are disobedient, their fortune will collapse and they will harm only themselves

فَقَامَ عُمَرُ فِي النَّاسِ فَقَالَ

‘Umar stood up in the midst of the people and said

وَإِنْ أَعْمَرَ لَنَا وَأَوْهَنَ لِعدونا تألفهم

To gain their goodwill will bring prosperity to us and weakness to our enemy

وَقَدْ كَثُرَ أَهْلُ صلحنَا

Those who want to make peace with us are numerous

فَإِنَّا بِأَرْضٍ رغيبة، وَالأَرْضُ خَلاءٌ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا، وَعَدَدُنَا قَلِيلٌ

We are in a desirable land; it is empty of its inhabitants and we are few

فَأَحْدَثَ إِلَيْنَا فِيمَنْ تَمَّ وَفِيمَنْ جَلا وَفِيمَنِ ادَّعَى أَنَّهُ اسْتُكْرِهَ وَحُشِرَ فَهَرَبَ وَلَمْ يُقَاتِلْ، أَوِ اسْتَسْلَمَ

Make a new ruling for us with regard to those who remained "in their abodes", for those who migrated, and for those who claim to have been forcibly recruited into the "Persian" army, fled away, did not fight, or surrendered

وَزَعَمُوا أَنَّ أَهْلَ السَّوَادِ قَدْ لَحِقُوا بِالْمَدَائِنِ

They claimed that "some" inhabitants of the sawad proceeded to al-Mada’in

فَجَاءَنَا مَنْ أَمْسَكَ بِعَهْدِهِ وَلَمْ يجلبْ عَلَيْنَا، فَتَمَّمْنَا لَهُمْ مَا كَانَ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ قَبْلَنَا وَبَيْنَهُمْ

With regard to those who held fast to their treaty and did nothelp "the enemy) against us, we implemented the agreements made between them and the Muslims who had been here before us

إِنَّ أَهْلَ السَّوَادِ جلوا

The inhabitants of the sawad migrated from their land

وَكَتَبَ مَعَ أَبِي الْهياجِ الأَسَدِيِّ- يَعْنِي ابْنَ مَالِكٍ

Sa‘d wrote "to 'Umar, sending the letter" with Abu al-Hayya" alAsadi "also known as Ibn Malik

فَلَمْ يُخَالِفُوا إِلَيْنَا، وَلَمْ يَذْهَبُوا فِي الأَرْضِ

They did not come to us and did not migrate

وَادَّعَى أَهْلُ السَّوَادِ أَنَّ فَارِسَ أَكْرَهُوهُمْ وَحَشَرُوهُمْ

The inhabitants of the sawad have claimed that the Persians forcibly recruited them into the army

وَلَمْ يَقُمْ عَلَى عَهْدِ أَهْلِ الأَيَّامِ لَنَا، وَلَمْ يَفِ بِهِ أَحَدٌ عَلِمْنَاهُ إِلا أَهْلُ بَانِقْيَا وَبسمَا وَأَهْلُ أُلَّيْسَ الآخِرَةُ

Nobody except the people of Baniqya, Basma, and Ullays al-akhirah stayed "on their land" according to the treaty agreed upon with the Muslims who had fought in the previous battles "ahl al-ayyam) and nobody fulfilled it

إِنَّ أَقْوَامًا مِنْ أَهْلِ السَّوَادِ ادَّعَوْا عُهُودًا

Some inhabitants of the sawad claim to have treaties

قَالُوا" وَكَتَبُوا إِلَى عُمَرَ مَعَ أَنَسِ بْنِ الْحُلَيْسِ

They wrote to 'Umar "sending the letter" with Anas b. al-Hulays

وَبَقِيتُ لا أُقَالُ وَلا أُرَدُّ فَأُسْتَعْتَبُ

I shall not be forgiven, nor shall I be restored "to my former condition" so that I could ask you a favor

فَفَرِحْتُ قَلِيلا، وَحَزِنْتُ طَوِيلا

I would experience little happiness and feel a great deal of grief

وَإِنْ أَنَا حملتها واستتبعتها إِلَى بَيْتِي شَقِيتُ

If I were to take the trust and invite you to follow me into my home, I would be miserable

فَإِنْ أَبَيْتُهَا وَرَدَدْتُهَا عَلَيْكُمْ وَاتَّبَعْتُكُمْ حَتَّى تَشْبَعُوا فِي بُيُوتِكُمْ، وَتُرْوَوْا سَعِدْتُ

If I were to refuse to take it and were to return it to you, and if I were to follow you until you eat and drink to your satisfaction in your homes, I would be happy

إِنِّي وَاللَّهِ مَا أَنَا بِمَلِكٍ فَأَسْتَعْبِدَكُمْ، وَإِنَّمَا أَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ عُرِضَ عَلَيَّ الأَمَانَةُ

By God, I am not a king so that I should enslave you; I am only a servant of God to whom a trust was offered

وَلَوَدِدْتُ انكم علمتم من نفس مِثْلَ الَّذِي وَقَعَ فِيهَا لَكُمْ، وَلَسْتُ مُعَلِّمَكُمْ إِلا بِالْعَمَلِ

I wish you to know my feelings with regard to you. I am not your teacher except by what I do

فَإِذَا عَجَزَ ذَلِكَ عَنَّا تَآسَيْنَا فِي عَيْشِنَا حَتَّى نَسْتَوِيَ فِي الْكَفَافِ

Should this not be possible, we shall share our food so that we are equal in the means of subsistence

وَلَمَّا أَتَى عُمَرَ الْفَتْحُ قَامَ فِي النَّاسِ فَقَرَأَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْفَتْحَ، وَقَالَ" إِنِّي حَرِيصٌ عَلى أَلا أَدَعَ حَاجَةً إِلا سَدَدْتُهَا مَا اتَّسَعَ بَعْضُنَا لِبَعْضٍ

When the news of victory reached ‘Umar, he stood in the midst of the Muslims, read to them the letter in which victory was an-nounced, and said"I am eager to provide for every need as long as the means are sufficient for everyone

فَكَتَبُوا فِيهِمْ إِلَى عُمَرَ يَسْأَلُونَهُ عَمَّا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يُسَارَ بِهِ فِيهِمْ- وَهَذَا الْكِتَابُ الثَّانِي بَعْدَ الْفَتْحِ- مَعَ نَذِيرِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو

The Muslims in al-Qadisiyyah wrote about them to ‘Umar and asked him what was the proper treatment which should be given to these people; this was the second letter after victory, sent with Nadhir b. ‘Amr

وَقَدِمَتْ أَمْدَادٌ فِيهَا مُرَادُ وَهَمْدَانُ، وَمِنْ أَفْنَاءِ النَّاسِ

Rein-forcements including "men from" Murad, Hamdan, and other tribes arrived

وَجَاءَ أَوَّلُهُمْ يَوْمَ أَغْوَاثَ، وَآخِرُهُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ الْغَدِ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْفَتْحِ

The first of them came on the Day of al-Aghwath and the last on the second day after victory

فَتَوَافَوْا بِالْقَادِسِيَّةِ مِنَ الْغَدِ وَمِنْ بَعْدِ الْغَدِ

They came to al-Qadisiyyah on the next day and on the day following it

قَالُوا" وَتَتَابَعَ أَهْلُ الْعِرَاقِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الأَيَّامِ الَّذِينَ شَهِدُوا الْيَرْمُوكَ وَدِمَشْقَ، وَرَجِعُوا مِمِدِّينَ لأَهْلِ الْقَادِسِيَّةِ

The Iraqi participants in previous battles who fought at al-Yarmuk and Damascus followed one another and returned to reinforce the people of al-Qadisiyyah

يَقَوِّمُونَ أَقْبَاضَهُمْ، وَيَحْزُرُونَ جُنْدَهُمْ، وَيَرُمُّونَ أَمُورَهُمْ

They were evaluating the spoils, estimating the numbers of their troops, and putting their af-fairs in order

وَأَقَامَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ فِي انْتِظَارِ بُلُوغِ الْبَشِيرِ وَأَمَرِ عُمَرَ

The Muslims were expecting the arrival of the news bearer and of ‘Umar's orders

كتب إلي السري، عن شعيب، عن سيف، عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ وَطَلْحَةَ وَالْمُهَلَّبِ وَزِيَادٍ، قَالُوا

According to al-Sari—Shu'ayb—Sayf—Muhammad, Talhah, alMuhallab, and Ziyad

وَجَعَلَ عُمَرُ يَقُولُ" لا عَلَيْكَ يَا أَخِي

‘Umar said" "O my brother, you are not to blame

فقال" فَهَلا أَخْبَرْتَنِي رَحِمَكَ اللَّهُ، أَنَّكَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ

The man said" "May God have mercy upon you, why did you not tell me that you were the Commander of the Faithful

حَتَّى دَخَلَ الْمَدِينَةَ، فَإِذَا النَّاسُ يُسَلِّمُونَ عَلَيْهِ بامره المؤمنين

When they entered Medina, the people began to greet ‘Umar as the Commander of the Faithful

وَعُمَرُ يَخُبُّ مَعَهُ وَيَسْتَخْبِرُهُ وَالآخَرُ يَسِيرُ عَلَى نَاقَتِهِ وَلا يَعْرِفُهُ

'Umar was jogging along while the other man was riding his she-camel without having recognized ‘Umar

قَالَ" هَزَمَ اللَّهُ الْعَدُوَّ

The bearer of news said" "God has defeated the enemy

قَالَ" يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ حَدِّثْنِي

‘Umar said" "O ‘Abdallah, tell me

فَأَخْبَرَهُ

The bearer of news replied

فَلَمَّا لَقِيَ الْبَشِيرَ سَأَلَهُ مِنْ أَيْنَ

When ‘Umar met the bearer of news, he asked him" "From where "are you coming

ثُمَّ يَرْجِعُ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ وَمَنْزِلِهِ قَالَ

Then he went back to his family and home

لَمَّا أَتَى عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ نُزُولُ رُسْتُمَ الْقَادِسِيَّةَ، كَانَ يَسْتَخْبِرُ الرُّكْبَانَ عَنْ أَهْلِ الْقَادِسِيَّةِ مِنْ حِينَ يُصْبِحُ إِلَى انْتِصَافِ النَّهَارِ

When ‘Umar b. al-Khattab learned that Rustam had established camp at al-Qadisiyyah, he gathered information from the riders about the people of al-Qadisiyyah from morning till midday

كَتَبَ إلي السري، عن شعيب، عن سيف، عن مُجَالِدِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، قَالَ

According to al-Sari — Shu'ayb—Sayf—Mujalid b. Sa'id

وَلَمْ يَفْضُلْ مَنْ مَضَى مِنْهُمْ مَنْ بَقِيَ إِلا بِفَضْلِ الشِّهَادَةِ إِذْ لَمْ تُكْتَبْ لَهُمْ

Those who died from among them were not superior to those who survived, except by the virtue of martyrdom, which had not been decreed for the latter

وَهُمْ آسَادُ النَّاسِ، لا يَشْبِهُهُمُ الأُسُودُ

They were lions among men, and the "real" lions did not resemble them

كَانُوا يَدْوُونَ بِالْقُرْآنِ إِذَا جَنَّ عَلَيْهِمُ اللَّيْلُ دَوِيَّ النَّحْلِ

When night fell, they were whispering the Qur’an, humming like bees

وَرِجَالٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ لا نَعْلَمُهُمْ، اللَّهُ بِهِمْ عَالِمٌ

Also killed were Muslims whom we do not know, but God knows them

وَأُصِيبَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ سَعْدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الْقَارِئُ، وَفُلانٌ، وَفُلانٌ

Sa‘d b. Ubayd, the Qur’an reader, and so-and-so and so-and-so were killed from among the Muslims

وَاتَّبَعَهُمُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ عَلَى الأَنْهَارِ وَعَلَى طُفُوفِ الآجَامِ وَفِي الْفِجَاجِ

The Muslims pursued them on the canals, on the edge of the thicket (lala ufuf al-ajam), and on the roads

فَلَمْ يَنْفَعْهُمُ اللَّهُ بِذَلِكَ، بَلْ سَلَبَهُمُوهُ وَنَقَلَهُ عَنْهُمْ إِلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ

God did not allow them to benefit from this, but rather, He deprived them of it and gave it over to the Muslims

وَقَدْ لَقُوا الْمُسْلِمِينَ بِعِدَّةٍ لَمْ يَرَ الرَّاءُونَ مِثْلَ زُهَائِهَا

They confronted the Muslims with an army such as had never been seen before

بَعْدَ قِتَالٍ طَوِيلٍ وَزِلْزَالٍ شَدِيدٍ

"Victory came" after a long fight and violent upheaval

وَكَانَ كِتَابُهُ" أَمَّا بَعْدُ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ نَصَرَنَا عَلَى أَهْلِ فَارِسَ، وَمَنَحَهُمْ سُنَنَ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَهُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ دِينِهِمْ

Sa‘d's letter read as follows" Now, then (ammd bacdu), God granted us victory over the Persians and treated them in the way in which He had treated their coreligionists who preceded them

وَشَارَكَهُمُ النَّضْرُ بْنُ السَّرِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ الرُّفَيْلِ بْنِ مَيْسُورٍ

According to the previous chain of transmission, and also according to al-NaJr b. al-Sari—Ibn al-Rufayl b. Maysur

وَسَمَّى لِعُمَرَ مَنْ يَعْرِفُ مَعَ سَعْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْلَةَ الْفَزَارِيِّ

He sent to ‘Umar the names of his acquaintances by the hand of Sa‘d b. ‘Umaylah al-Fazari

وَكَتَبَ سَعْدٌ بِالْفَتْحِ وَبِعِدَّةِ مَنْ قُتِلُوا وَبِعِدَّةِ مَنْ أُصِيبَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ

Sa'd wrote "to eUmar" about the victory, informing him of the number of the Persians whom they had killed and of the number of Muslims who had been killed

كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ السَّرِيُّ، عَنْ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ سَيْفٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ وَالْمُهَلَّبِ وَطَلْحَةَ، قَالُوا

According to al-Sari Shu'ayb—Sayf Muhammad, al-Muhallab, and Talhah

قال" وسمع بنحو ذلك في عامة بلاد العرب

Poems like this were heard in the entire land of the Arabs

وجدنا الأكثرين بني تميم ... غداة الروع أصبرهم رجالا هم ساروا بأرعن مكفهر ... إلى لجب فزرتهم رعالا بحور للأكاسر من رجال ... كأسد الغاب تحسبهم جبالا تركن لهم بقادس عز فخر ... وبالخيفين أياما طوالا مقطعة أكفهم وسوق ... بمردى حيث قابلت الرجالا

We found the Banu Tamim, who were numerous, the most steadfast of men on the morning of battle. They set out with a huge army, dense in formation, against a tumultuous "enemy army" and drove it away, dispersed. They are seas "of generosity", but for the Persian kings they are men like lions of the forests; you would think they were mountains. They left in Qadis glory and honor and long battle days on the two mountain slopes. "They left the Persians'" hands and feet crushed to pieces with a rock where they encountered the men

وسمع أهل اليمامة مجتازا يغني بهذه الأبيات

The people of al-Yamamah heard a passerby sing the following verses

حييت عنا عكرم ابنة خالد ... وما خير زاد بالقليل المصرد وحيتك عني الشمس عند طلوعها ... وحياك عني كل ناج مفرد وحيتك عني عصبة نخعية ... حسان الوجوه آمنوا بمحمد أقاموا لكسرى يضربون جنوده ... بكل رقيق الشفرتين مهند إذا ثوب الداعي أناخوا بكلكل ... من الموت تسود الغياطل مجرد

May you be blessed on our behalf, O ‘Ikrimah bint Khalid! the best provisions are not the few, the insufficient. May the rising sun bless you on my behalf and every swift and solitary camel And a group of men from the tribe of al-Nakha‘, with beautiful faces, believing in Mubammad. They stood up to Kisra, dealing blows to his soldiers, with every thin-bladed, Indian sword. When the call for help was sounded time and again, they laid down the bare chest of death, and the night became black

قالوا" فبدرت امرأة ليلا على جبل بصنعاء، لا يدرى من هي؟ وهي تقول

A woman appeared one night on a mountain in san‘a’ (it is not known who she was) and recited

فلما كانت وقعة القادسية سارت بها الجن، فأتت بها ناسا من الإنس، فسبقت أخبار الإنس إليهم

When the battle of alQadisiyyah took place, it was the jinn who brought the news about it to humans; the news brought by the jinn had arrived before that which was brought by men

حتى إن كان الرجل ليريد الأمر فيقول" لا أنظر فيه حتى أنظر ما يكون من أمر القادسية

They were so preoccupied with this that when a man wanted to do something, he used to say" "I shall not consider it before I see what is happening with the affair of al-Qadisiyyah

يرون أن ثبات ملكهم وزواله بها، وكانت في كل بلد مصيخة إليها، تنظر ما يكون من أمرها

They understood that the continued existence of their dominion or its disappearance depended on it. In every town they were attentively listening to "information about" it and were trying to find out what was happening with regard to it

وقالوا" وكانت العرب توقع وقعة العرب وأهل فارس في القادسية فيما بين العذيب إلى عدن أبين، وفيما بين الأبلة وأيلة

The Arabs between al-Udhayb and ‘Adan Abyan, between alUbullah and Aylah, were expecting a battle between them and the Persians at al-Qadisiyyah

إن كنت حاولت الدراهم فانكحي ... سماكا أخا الأنصار أو ابن فرقد وإن كنت حاولت الطعان فيممي ... بكيرا إذا ما الخيل جالت عن الردي وكلهم في ذروة المجد نازل ... فشأنكم إن البيان عن الغد

If you are desirous of money, marry Simak, who is from the Helpers, or Ibn Farqad. If you desire a fighter, set your eyes on Bukayr, when the horses wheel away from death. All of them have a place on the peak of glory; it is up to you—the matter will become clear tomorrow

فانظري لأختك، وقال

Help your sister," then he recited

فقال القعقاع" سأصفهم في الشعر

Al-Qa‘qa‘ said" "I shall describe them in a poem

ففعلت، وذلك بعد الوقعة وهم بالقادسية

Hunaydah did it after the battle, while they were still in al-Qadisiyyah

فقالت لأختها" استشيري زوجك أيهم يراه لنا

Arwa said to her sister" "Consult your husband and ask him which one of them he deems a suitable match for us

وكانت أختها هنيدة تحت القعقاع بْن عمرو التميمي

She was the sister of Hunaydah, the wife of al-Qa‘qa‘ b. ‘Amr al-Tamimi

وهي أروى ابنة عامر الهلالية- هلال النخع

She was Arwa bint ‘Amir al-Hilaliyyah |from the clan of Hilal, belonging to the tribe of al-Nakhae

فلما فرغ الناس خطب هؤلاء النفر هذه المرأة

When all the marriages were over, these three men sought the same woman in marriage

فصار اليهن سبعمائة رجل من الأفناء

Seven hundred men from various tribes became attached to them

حتى استوعبوهن

They married all of them

فتزوجهن المهاجرون قبل الفتح وبعد الفتح

The Emigrants married them im-mediately before the victory and after it

وكانوا يسمون أختان المهاجرين حتى كان قريبا

They were called the kinsmen of the Emigrants