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allows for understanding that everyone lies somewhere on a particular personality dimension, the dichotomous (nominal categorical and ordinal) approaches only seek to confirm that a particular person either has or does not have a particular mental disorder. Expert witnesses particularly are trained to help courts in tr... | {
"page_id": 20646034,
"source": null,
"title": "Continuum (measurement)"
} |
Why Zebras Don't Get Ulcers is a 1994 (2nd ed. 1998, 3rd ed. 2004) book by Stanford University biologist Robert M. Sapolsky. The book includes the subtitle "A Guide to Stress, Stress-related Diseases, and Coping" on the front cover of its third edition. == Background and synopsis == The title derives from Sapolsky's pr... | {
"page_id": 5769363,
"source": null,
"title": "Why Zebras Don't Get Ulcers"
} |
Get Ulcers and gain insights into the workings of the body and mind, and why some of us are more vulnerable than others to stress-related illness." == References == == External links == Stress: Portrait of a Killer Archived 2016-03-17 at the Wayback Machine, National Geographic documentary based on Why Zebras Don't Get... | {
"page_id": 5769363,
"source": null,
"title": "Why Zebras Don't Get Ulcers"
} |
Photoexcitation is the production of an excited state of a quantum system by photon absorption. The excited state originates from the interaction between a photon and the quantum system. Photons carry energy that is determined by the wavelengths of the light that carries the photons. Objects that emit light with longer... | {
"page_id": 3147924,
"source": null,
"title": "Photoexcitation"
} |
to go to an excited state. The moment the amount of atoms in the excited state is higher than the amount in the normal ground state, the population inversion occurs. The inversion, like the one caused with germanium, makes it possible for materials to act as lasers. Photochromic applications. Photochromism causes a tra... | {
"page_id": 3147924,
"source": null,
"title": "Photoexcitation"
} |
In mechanics, friction torque is the torque caused by the frictional force that occurs when two objects in contact move. Like all torques, it is a rotational force that may be measured in newton meters or pounds-feet. == Engineering == Friction torque can be disruptive in engineering. There are a variety of measures en... | {
"page_id": 11733139,
"source": null,
"title": "Friction torque"
} |
Homological mirror symmetry is a mathematical conjecture made by Maxim Kontsevich. It seeks a systematic mathematical explanation for a phenomenon called mirror symmetry first observed by physicists studying string theory. == History == In an address to the 1994 International Congress of Mathematicians in Zürich, Konts... | {
"page_id": 2164886,
"source": null,
"title": "Homological mirror symmetry"
} |
theory. Similarly, the branes in these models are only topological approximations to the full dynamical objects that are D-branes. Even so, the mathematics resulting from this small piece of string theory has been both deep and difficult. The School of Mathematics at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton devote... | {
"page_id": 2164886,
"source": null,
"title": "Homological mirror symmetry"
} |
counter pair manifold. Namely, for any Calabi–Yau manifold the Hodge diamond is unchanged by a rotation by π radians and the Hodge diamonds of mirror Calabi–Yau manifolds are related by a rotation by π/2 radians. In the case of an elliptic curve, which is viewed as a 1-dimensional Calabi–Yau manifold, the Hodge diamond... | {
"page_id": 2164886,
"source": null,
"title": "Homological mirror symmetry"
} |
mirror symmetry for the quartic surface". arXiv:math.SG/0310414. Hausel, Tamas; Thaddeus, Michael (2002). "Mirror symmetry, Langlands duality, and the Hitchin system". Inventiones Mathematicae. 153 (1): 197–229. arXiv:math.DG/0205236. Bibcode:2003InMat.153..197H. doi:10.1007/s00222-003-0286-7. S2CID 11948225. | {
"page_id": 2164886,
"source": null,
"title": "Homological mirror symmetry"
} |
Propynylidyne is a chemical compound that has been identified in interstellar space. == Structure == === Linear (l-C3H) === μD=3.551 Debye 2Π electronic ground state ==== Simulated spectrum ==== A rotational spectrum of the 2Π electronic ground state of l-C3H can be made using the PGopher software (a Program for Simula... | {
"page_id": 19990682,
"source": null,
"title": "Propynylidyne"
} |
C3H provides a much faster pathway for hydrocarbon growth. Other molecules in the C3H family, C2H and C3H2, do not significantly contribute to the production of carbon-chain molecules, rather forming endpoints in this process. The production of C2H and C3H2 essentially inhibits larger carbon-chain molecule formation, s... | {
"page_id": 19990682,
"source": null,
"title": "Propynylidyne"
} |
was responsible for producing a peak at 37amu detected within ~4500 km of the comet nucleus. Marconi et al. argue that a gas phase progenitor molecule for C3H is unlikely to exist within the ionopause and suggest that desorption from circumnuclear CHON dust grains may have instead produced the observed C3H. In 1990, Ya... | {
"page_id": 19990682,
"source": null,
"title": "Propynylidyne"
} |
Abundances are measured or estimated for each. The mean cyclic-to-linear abundance ratio for C3H is found to be 2.7, although a large variation in this ratio is observed from source to source. In 2004, N. Kaifu et al. completed the first spectral line survey toward TMC-1 in the frequency range 8.8-50.0 GHz with the 45-... | {
"page_id": 19990682,
"source": null,
"title": "Propynylidyne"
} |
The molecular formula C20H26N4O (molar mass: 338.45 g/mol, exact mass: 338.2107 u) may refer to: Lisuride | {
"page_id": 24053915,
"source": null,
"title": "C20H26N4O"
} |
The molecular formula C16H17N3O may refer to: Ergine Isoergine | {
"page_id": 24053920,
"source": null,
"title": "C16H17N3O"
} |
A quantum heterostructure is a heterostructure in a substrate (usually a semiconductor material), where size restricts the movements of the charge carriers forcing them into a quantum confinement. This leads to the formation of a set of discrete energy levels at which the carriers can exist. Quantum heterostructures ha... | {
"page_id": 3147940,
"source": null,
"title": "Quantum heterostructure"
} |
Phyllis Jean Stabeno is a physical oceanographer known for her research on the movement of water in polar regions. She has led award-winning research projects in the Arctic and was noted for a distinguished scientific career by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. == Education and career == Stabeno rece... | {
"page_id": 69208231,
"source": null,
"title": "Phyllis Stabeno"
} |
pelagic ecosystem". Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. Ecology of the SE Bering Sea. 49 (26): 5821–5853. Bibcode:2002DSRII..49.5821H. doi:10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00321-1. ISSN 0967-0645. S2CID 55222333. Bond, N. A.; Overland, J. E.; Spillane, M.; Stabeno, P. (2003). "Recent shifts in the state of... | {
"page_id": 69208231,
"source": null,
"title": "Phyllis Stabeno"
} |
4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione (DPD) is an organic compound that occurs naturally but exists as several related structures. The idealized formula for this species is CH3C(O)C(O)CH(OH)CH2OH, but it is known to exist as several other forms resulting from cyclization. It is not stable at room temperature as a pure materia... | {
"page_id": 49481896,
"source": null,
"title": "4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione"
} |
The Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology is a peer-reviewed bimonthly journal which publishes work on the biochemistry, physiology, behaviour, and genetics of marine plants and animals in relation to their ecology. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2015 impact factor of 1.796. =... | {
"page_id": 49023145,
"source": null,
"title": "Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology"
} |
Generalized multidimensional scaling (GMDS) is an extension of metric multidimensional scaling, in which the target space is non-Euclidean. When the dissimilarities are distances on a surface and the target space is another surface, GMDS allows finding the minimum-distortion embedding of one surface into another. GMDS ... | {
"page_id": 4196522,
"source": null,
"title": "Generalized multidimensional scaling"
} |
β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyryl-coenzyme A (HMB-CoA), also known as 3-hydroxyisovaleryl-CoA, is a metabolite of L-leucine that is produced in the human body. Its immediate precursors are β-hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid (HMB) and β-methylcrotonoyl-CoA (MC-CoA). It can be metabolized into HMB, MC-CoA, and HMG-CoA in humans. == ... | {
"page_id": 51447977,
"source": null,
"title": "Β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyryl-CoA"
} |
Deuterated solvents are a group of compounds where one or more hydrogen atoms are substituted by deuterium atoms. These isotopologues of common solvents are often used in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. == Examples == Heavy water Deuterated acetone Deuterated benzene Deuterated chloroform Deuterated dichlorome... | {
"page_id": 22743210,
"source": null,
"title": "Deuterated solvent"
} |
The Beard and Chuang model is a well known and leading theoretical force balance model used to derive the rotational cross-sections of raindrops in their equilibrium state by employing Chebyshev polynomials in series. The radius-vector of the raindrop's surface r ( θ ) {\displaystyle r(\theta )} in vertical angular dir... | {
"page_id": 18483373,
"source": null,
"title": "Beard and Chuang model"
} |
The molecular formula C11H14N2O2 (molar mass: 206.241 g/mol) may refer to: 4-Hydroxy-5-methoxytryptamine Pheneturide Phenylethylmalonamide | {
"page_id": 61540526,
"source": null,
"title": "C11H14N2O2"
} |
The molecular formula C19H23N3O2 (molar mass : 325.41 g/mol) may refer to: ABT-670, a potent, orally bioavailable dopamine agonist Ergometrine, a primary ergot and morning glory alkaloid Ergometrinine, an ergot alkaloid | {
"page_id": 24053935,
"source": null,
"title": "C19H23N3O2"
} |
Bardsey Bird and Field Observatory is a bird observatory on Bardsey Island, off the Welsh coast. It was founded in 1953 by a group of ornithologists from the West Midland Bird Club (who were represented on the observatory's management committee), the West Wales Field Society, and local people. The West Midlands Bird cl... | {
"page_id": 723120,
"source": null,
"title": "Bardsey Bird and Field Observatory"
} |
In physics, a quantum (pl.: quanta) is the minimum amount of any physical entity (physical property) involved in an interaction. The fundamental notion that a property can be "quantized" is referred to as "the hypothesis of quantization". This means that the magnitude of the physical property can take on only discrete ... | {
"page_id": 20646064,
"source": null,
"title": "Quantum"
} |
Avogadro–Loschmidt number, the number of molecules in one mole of substance. The constant h is now known as the Planck constant. After his theory was validated, Planck was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery in 1918. In 1905 Albert Einstein suggested that electromagnetic radiation exists in spatially l... | {
"page_id": 20646064,
"source": null,
"title": "Quantum"
} |
The Gibilmanna Observatory is a research station used for a diverse range of studies set up and run by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) and it is located on Cozzo Timpa Rossa at 1005 m.a.s.l. near Cefalù, a town in the district of Palermo, Italy. It is one of the 120 stations of the Italian Mag... | {
"page_id": 46729393,
"source": null,
"title": "Gibilmanna Observatory"
} |
An ecotone is a transitional area between two plant communities, where these meet and integrate. Examples include areas between grassland and forest, estuaries and lagoon, freshwater and sea water etc. An ecotone may be narrow or wide, and it may be local (the zone between a field and forest) or regional (the transitio... | {
"page_id": 460983,
"source": null,
"title": "Ecotone"
} |
are noticeable because some organisms will not be able to form self-sustaining populations if they cross the ecotone. If different species can survive in both communities of the two biomes, then the ecotone is considered to have species richness; ecologists measure this when studying the food chain and success of organ... | {
"page_id": 460983,
"source": null,
"title": "Ecotone"
} |
animals, as they can exploit more than one set of habitats within a short distance. The ecotone contains not only species common to the communities on both sides; it may also include a number of highly adaptable species that tend to colonize such transitional areas. The phenomenon of increased variety of plants as well... | {
"page_id": 460983,
"source": null,
"title": "Ecotone"
} |
Asia is an example of a regional scale ecotone. It marks the transition zone between the moist deciduous forest in the mainland Southeast Asia biogeographical region in the north and the wet seasonal dipterocarp forest in the Sundaland region in the south. It has been shown to be the biogeographical transition between ... | {
"page_id": 460983,
"source": null,
"title": "Ecotone"
} |
of ecotones include salt marshes and riparian zones. == See also == Cline (biology) - Ecocline Ecotype Phylogenetic niche conservatism Plant functional type Satoyama Biogeographic realm == References == == External links == | {
"page_id": 460983,
"source": null,
"title": "Ecotone"
} |
Iron oxide nanoparticles are iron oxide particles with diameters between about 1 and 100 nanometers. The two main forms are composed of magnetite (Fe3O4) and its oxidized form maghemite (γ-Fe2O3). They have attracted extensive interest due to their superparamagnetic properties and their potential applications in many f... | {
"page_id": 25430201,
"source": null,
"title": "Iron oxide nanoparticle"
} |
randomly oriented, and the substance has a zero net magnetic moment if there is no magnetic field. These materials have a relative magnetic permeability greater than one and are attracted to magnetic fields. The magnetic moment drops to zero when the applied field is removed. But in a ferromagnetic material, all the at... | {
"page_id": 25430201,
"source": null,
"title": "Iron oxide nanoparticle"
} |
size gets small enough (<10 nm), thermal fluctuations can change the direction of magnetization of the entire crystal. A material with many such crystals behaves like a paramagnet, except that the moments of entire crystals are fluctuating instead of individual atoms. Furthermore, the unique superparamagnetic behavior ... | {
"page_id": 25430201,
"source": null,
"title": "Iron oxide nanoparticle"
} |
Stokes' drag force in the opposite direction. The drag force is expressed below. F d = 6 π η R v {\displaystyle \mathbf {F} _{d}=6\pi \,\eta \,R\,v\,} In this equation, η is the fluid viscosity, R is the hydrodynamic radius of the particle, and 𝑣 is the velocity of the particle. == Synthesis == The preparation method ... | {
"page_id": 25430201,
"source": null,
"title": "Iron oxide nanoparticle"
} |
concentration ratio. === Microemulsions === A microemulsion is a stable isotropic dispersion of 2 immiscible liquids consisting of nanosized domains of one or both liquids in the other stabilized by an interfacial film of surface-active molecules. Microemulsions may be categorized further as oil-in-water (o/w) or water... | {
"page_id": 25430201,
"source": null,
"title": "Iron oxide nanoparticle"
} |
important nanoparticles showed a nanoparticle specific cytotoxic mechanism for uncoated iron oxide. Solubility was found to strongly influence the cytotoxic response. Labelling cells (e.g. stem cells, dendritic cells) with iron oxide nanoparticles is an interesting new tool to monitor such labelled cells in real time b... | {
"page_id": 25430201,
"source": null,
"title": "Iron oxide nanoparticle"
} |
in cell structures. The translation of the magnetic force exerted on the tumor and its microenvironment by magnetic nanoparticles into biochemical signaling pathways is known as the magneto-mechanochemical effect. This leads to the formation of regions with different biomechanical and biochemical properties within the ... | {
"page_id": 25430201,
"source": null,
"title": "Iron oxide nanoparticle"
} |
links == Media related to Magnetite nanoparticles at Wikimedia Commons | {
"page_id": 25430201,
"source": null,
"title": "Iron oxide nanoparticle"
} |
Disodium enneaborate is the traditional name for a salt of sodium, boron, oxygen, and hydrogen, with elemental formula Na2B9H22O20 or Na2B9O9·11H2O. It is the sodium borate with the highest boron/sodium ratio. == Structure == The correct formula has since been determined to be (Na+)2[B8O11(OH)4]2−·B(OH)3·2H2O. The anio... | {
"page_id": 71174330,
"source": null,
"title": "Disodium enneaborate"
} |
A supercentenarian, sometimes hyphenated as super-centenarian, is a person who is 110 or older. This age is achieved by about one in 1,000 centenarians. Supercentenarians typically live a life free of significant age-related diseases until shortly before the maximum human lifespan is reached. == Etymology == The term "... | {
"page_id": 329915,
"source": null,
"title": "Supercentenarian"
} |
to an absence of any documents recording his early life. Other scholars, such as French demographer Jean-Marie Robine, consider Geert Adriaans Boomgaard, also of the Netherlands, who turned 110 in 1898, to be the first verifiable case, as the alleged evidence for Peters has apparently been lost. The evidence for the 11... | {
"page_id": 329915,
"source": null,
"title": "Supercentenarian"
} |
cancer, Parkinson's disease and diabetes) until the very end of life when they die of exhaustion of organ reserve, which is the ability to return organ function to homeostasis. About 10% of supercentenarians survive until the last three months of life without major age-related diseases, as compared to only 4% of semi-s... | {
"page_id": 329915,
"source": null,
"title": "Supercentenarian"
} |
Carla Restrepo is a professor in the biology department of the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus. Her research focuses on the study of tropical landscapes, including the processes underlying their large-scale dynamics. == Education == Restrepo received her B.S. in biology at the University of Valle in Cali,... | {
"page_id": 62064828,
"source": null,
"title": "Carla Restrepo"
} |
residence time of carbon in a tropical mountain system. Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences 117, G03016. doi:10.1029/2011JG001838 Xu, L., T. Hanson, E. Bedrick, and C. Restrepo. 2010. Hypothesis tests on mixture model components with application to ecological and agricultural data. Journal of Agricultural,... | {
"page_id": 62064828,
"source": null,
"title": "Carla Restrepo"
} |
A savanna or savannah is a mixed woodland-grassland (i.e. grassy woodland) biome and ecosystem characterised by the trees being sufficiently widely spaced so that the canopy does not close. The open canopy allows sufficient light to reach the ground to support an unbroken herbaceous layer consisting primarily of grasse... | {
"page_id": 198843,
"source": null,
"title": "Savanna"
} |
which is itself a loanword from Taíno, which means "treeless grassland" in the West Indies. The letter b in Spanish, when positioned in the middle of a word, is pronounced almost like an English v; hence the change of grapheme when transcribed into English. The word originally entered English as the Zauana in a descrip... | {
"page_id": 198843,
"source": null,
"title": "Savanna"
} |
savanna environments are rainfall variations from year to year, and dry season wildfires. In the Americas, e.g. in Belize, Central America, savanna vegetation is similar from Mexico to South America and to the Caribbean. The distinction between woodland and savanna is vague and therefore the two can be combined into a ... | {
"page_id": 198843,
"source": null,
"title": "Savanna"
} |
mostly cleared, but the reserved ones feature Acacia, Mimosa, and Zizyphus over a grass cover comprising Sehima and Dichanthium. The Australian savanna is abundant with sclerophyllous evergreen vegetation, which include the eucalyptus, as well as Acacia, Bauhinia, Pandanus with grasses such as Heteropogon and kangaroo ... | {
"page_id": 198843,
"source": null,
"title": "Savanna"
} |
savanna flora. It has been suggested by many authors that aboriginal burning created a structurally more open savanna landscape. Aboriginal burning certainly created a habitat mosaic that probably increased biodiversity and changed the structure of woodlands and geographic range of numerous woodland species. It has bee... | {
"page_id": 198843,
"source": null,
"title": "Savanna"
} |
which may control woody plant species. Grazing animals can have a more direct effect on woody plants by the browsing of palatable woody species. There is evidence that unpalatable woody plants have increased under grazing in savannas. Grazing also promotes the spread of weeds in savannas by the removal or reduction of ... | {
"page_id": 198843,
"source": null,
"title": "Savanna"
} |
and 480,000 ha of savanna were being cleared annually in Queensland in the 2000s, primarily to improve pasture production. Substantial savanna areas have been cleared of woody vegetation and much of the area that remains today is vegetation that has been disturbed by either clearing or thinning at some point in the pas... | {
"page_id": 198843,
"source": null,
"title": "Savanna"
} |
clearing, particularly pulling, mimics the effects of fire and, in savannas adapted to regeneration after fire as most Queensland savannas are, there is a similar response to that after fire. Tree clearing in many savanna communities, although causing a dramatic reduction in basal area and canopy cover, often leaves a ... | {
"page_id": 198843,
"source": null,
"title": "Savanna"
} |
as a result of greenhouse induced climate change. However, a recent case described a savanna increasing its range at the expense of forest in response to climate variation, and potential exists for similar rapid, dramatic shifts in vegetation distribution as a result of global climate change, particularly at ecotones s... | {
"page_id": 198843,
"source": null,
"title": "Savanna"
} |
the California chaparral and woodlands ecoregion, fall into this category, including the Temperate Grassland of South Australia, which features eucalyptuses. Parts of the Middle East steppe and the Eastern Mediterranean conifer–sclerophyllous–broadleaf forests may also feature savanna-like landscapes. Flooded savannas ... | {
"page_id": 198843,
"source": null,
"title": "Savanna"
} |
Arachidonoyl serotonin (N-arachidonoyl-serotonin, AA-5-HT) is an endogenous lipid signaling molecule. It was first described in 1998 as being an inhibitor of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). In 2007, it was shown to have analgesic properties and to act as an antagonist of the TRPV1 receptor. In 2011, it was shown to ... | {
"page_id": 33818813,
"source": null,
"title": "Arachidonoyl serotonin"
} |
In cell biology, there are a multitude of signalling pathways. Cell signalling is part of the molecular biology system that controls and coordinates the actions of cells. Akt/PKB signalling pathway AMPK signalling pathway cAMP-dependent pathway Eph/ephrin signalling pathway Hedgehog signalling pathway Hippo signalling ... | {
"page_id": 52431039,
"source": null,
"title": "List of signalling pathways"
} |
Filip Neriusz Walter or Philippe Walter (31 May 1810 – 9 April 1847) was a Polish chemist and pioneer of organic chemistry who worked in Paris. He extracted and characterized several compounds, including toluene and octene. == Life == At 15 years old, Walter was one of the youngest students of the Jagiellonian Universi... | {
"page_id": 45615293,
"source": null,
"title": "Filip Neriusz Walter"
} |
Wspomnienia (Memoirs), Paris, 1839. Stanisław Wodzicki, Wspomnienia z przeszłości (Memoirs of the Past). Kraków, 1873. Adolphe Wurz, Historia poglądów chemicznych (A History of Chemical Views), Warsaw, 1886. | {
"page_id": 45615293,
"source": null,
"title": "Filip Neriusz Walter"
} |
In evolutionary biology, robustness of a biological system (also called biological or genetic robustness) is the persistence of a certain characteristic or trait in a system under perturbations or conditions of uncertainty. Robustness in development is known as canalization. According to the kind of perturbation involv... | {
"page_id": 31066305,
"source": null,
"title": "Robustness (evolution)"
} |
follows directly from the application of the Central Limit Theorem to the multi-step nature of gene expression regulation. === Environmental robustness === In varying environments, perfect adaptation to one condition may come at the expense of adaptation to another. Consequently, the total selection pressure on an orga... | {
"page_id": 31066305,
"source": null,
"title": "Robustness (evolution)"
} |
conformers have lower energy than unfolded and mis-folded states (ΔΔG of folding). This is achieved by a distributed, internal network of cooperative interactions (hydrophobic, polar and covalent). Protein structural robustness results from few single mutations being sufficiently disruptive to compromise function. Prot... | {
"page_id": 31066305,
"source": null,
"title": "Robustness (evolution)"
} |
factors that can rapidly induce gene expression. Open inactive enhancers are call poised enhancers. Cell competition is a phenomenon first described in Drosophila where mosaic Minute mutant cells (affecting ribosomal proteins) in a wild-type background would be eliminated. This phenomenon also happens in the early mous... | {
"page_id": 31066305,
"source": null,
"title": "Robustness (evolution)"
} |
variable environment. Being robust may even be a favoured at the expense of total fitness as an evolutionarily stable strategy (also called survival of the flattest). A high but narrow peak of a fitness landscape confers high fitness but low robustness as most mutations lead to massive loss of fitness. High mutation ra... | {
"page_id": 31066305,
"source": null,
"title": "Robustness (evolution)"
} |
which, while reducing accessibility of new heritable phenotypes over short timescales, over longer time periods, neutral mutation and genetic drift cause the population to spread out over a larger neutral network in genotype space. This genetic diversity gives the population mutational access to a greater number of dis... | {
"page_id": 31066305,
"source": null,
"title": "Robustness (evolution)"
} |
The molecular formula C20H25N3O2 (molar mass: 339.43 g/mol, exact mass: 339.1947 u) may refer to: 12-Hydroxy-LSD Methylergometrine, or methylergonovine Propisergide WAY-317,538 (SEN-12333) | {
"page_id": 24053951,
"source": null,
"title": "C20H25N3O2"
} |
Butterfly counts are often carried out in North America and Europe to estimate the populations of butterflies in a specific geographical area. The counts are conducted by interested, mostly non-professional, residents of the area who maintain an interest in determining the numbers and species of butterflies in their lo... | {
"page_id": 43518148,
"source": null,
"title": "Butterfly count"
} |
winter count of western monarch butterflies as they roost together at sites in California, northern Mexico and Arizona. === Restricted searches: transects === Frequently referred to as "Pollard Transects" or "Pollard Walks" in North America, a transect is a protocol designed to standardize the recording of butterfly ob... | {
"page_id": 43518148,
"source": null,
"title": "Butterfly count"
} |
an open search, the "observer is free to search out places where butterflies typically would breed or congregate" rather than follow the fixed path of a transect. === Opportunistic sightings === Opportunistic or incidental sightings are butterfly sightings that are not part of a formal count. Observers may note signal ... | {
"page_id": 43518148,
"source": null,
"title": "Butterfly count"
} |
sometimes captured, tagged, and recovered. The number of tags recovered in a specific area is used to determine population size and direction of flight. == See also == Butterfly Conservation North American Butterfly Association Lepidoptera migration List of butterflies of Great Britain Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reser... | {
"page_id": 43518148,
"source": null,
"title": "Butterfly count"
} |
A backdraft (North American English), backdraught (British English) or smoke explosion is the abrupt burning of superheated gases in a fire caused when oxygen rapidly enters a hot, oxygen-depleted environment; for example, when a window or door to an enclosed space is opened or broken. Backdrafts are typically seen as ... | {
"page_id": 460997,
"source": null,
"title": "Backdraft"
} |
warning signs of a backdraft include yellow or brown smoke, smoke which exits small holes in puffs (a sort of breathing effect) and is often found around the edges of doors and windows, and windows which appear brown or black when viewed from the exterior due to soot from incomplete combustion. This is an indication th... | {
"page_id": 460997,
"source": null,
"title": "Backdraft"
} |
but there is considerable disagreement about categorizing backdrafts as flashovers. In common usage, the term flashover describes the near-simultaneous ignition of material caused by heat attaining the autoignition temperature of the combustible material and gases in an enclosure. Flashovers according to this narrower ... | {
"page_id": 460997,
"source": null,
"title": "Backdraft"
} |
ASME BPE (American Society of Mechanical Engineers: Bioprocessing Equipment) is an international Standard developed as an aid for the design and construction of equipment intended for use in the manufacturing of biopharmaceuticals. The standard is approved as an American National Standard by the ASME Board of Pressure ... | {
"page_id": 15599815,
"source": null,
"title": "ASME BPE"
} |
whole or in part, for other applications where bioburden risk is a concern. This Standard applies to: (a) new system (and component) design and fabrication (b) definition of system boundaries (c) specific metallic, polymeric, and elastomeric (e.g., seals and gaskets) materials of construction (d) component dimensions a... | {
"page_id": 15599815,
"source": null,
"title": "ASME BPE"
} |
for Multiuse == Part SD, Systems Design for Multiuse == Chapter 5, Process Components for Multiuse == Part DT, Dimensions and Tolerances for Process Components Part PI, Process Instrumentation for Multiuse Part MC, Components for Multiuse == Chapter 6, Fabrication, Assembly, and Erection for Multiuse == Part MJ, Materi... | {
"page_id": 15599815,
"source": null,
"title": "ASME BPE"
} |
== See also == ISO 2852 Single use systems == References == Huitt, Bill. (2016). Bioprocessing Piping and Equipment Design: A Companion Guide for the ASME BPE Standard (Wiley-ASME Press Series) 1st Edition. Wiley-ASME Press Series. https://www.amazon.com/Bioprocessing-Piping-Equipment-Design-Wiley-ASME/dp/1119284236 ==... | {
"page_id": 15599815,
"source": null,
"title": "ASME BPE"
} |
The molecular formula C21H27N3O2 (molar mass: 353.47 g/mol) may refer to: 1-Hydroxymethyl-LSD 12-Methoxy-LSD Methysergide | {
"page_id": 24053959,
"source": null,
"title": "C21H27N3O2"
} |
Abiotic stress is the negative impact of non-living factors on the living organisms in a specific environment. The non-living variable must influence the environment beyond its normal range of variation to adversely affect the population performance or individual physiology of the organism in a significant way. Whereas... | {
"page_id": 2250,
"source": null,
"title": "Abiotic stress"
} |
latitude of the area affected, the greater the impact of abiotic stress will be on that area. So, a taiga or boreal forest is at the mercy of whatever abiotic stress factors may come along, while tropical zones are much less susceptible to such stressors. === Benefits === While abiotic stress may have negative impacts ... | {
"page_id": 2250,
"source": null,
"title": "Abiotic stress"
} |
needs to be taken into account when looking for benefits of abiotic stress, is that one phenomenon may not affect an entire ecosystem in the same way. While a flood will kill most plants living low on the ground in a certain area, if there is rice there, it will thrive in the wet conditions. Another example of this is ... | {
"page_id": 2250,
"source": null,
"title": "Abiotic stress"
} |
soil holding the plant is healthy and biologically diverse, the plant will have a higher chance of surviving stressful conditions. The plant responses to stress are dependent on the tissue or organ affected by the stress. For example, transcriptional responses to stress are tissue or cell specific in roots and are quit... | {
"page_id": 2250,
"source": null,
"title": "Abiotic stress"
} |
exclusion. Ions that are absorbed into tissues are sequestered in cell vacuoles. This sequestration mechanism is facilitated by proteins on the vacuole membrane. An example of plants that adapt to serpentine soil are Metallophytes, or hyperaccumulators, as they are known for their ability to absorbed heavy metals using... | {
"page_id": 2250,
"source": null,
"title": "Abiotic stress"
} |
and drought, leading to the loss of maize crops due to poor plant development. Soybean is a major source of protein, and its production is also affected by drought. === Salt stress in plants === Soil salinization, the accumulation of water-soluble salts to levels that negatively impact plant production, is a global phe... | {
"page_id": 2250,
"source": null,
"title": "Abiotic stress"
} |
an essential macronutrient required for plant growth and development, but it is present only in limited quantities in most of the world's soil. Plants use P mainly in the form of soluble inorganic phosphates (PO4−−−) but are subject to abiotic stress when there is not enough soluble PO4−−− in the soil. Phosphorus forms... | {
"page_id": 2250,
"source": null,
"title": "Abiotic stress"
} |
the opening of ion channels, thereby decreasing turgor pressure in the stomata and causing them to close. Recent studies by Gonzalez-Villagra, et al., have shown how ABA levels increased in drought-stressed plants (2018). They showed that when plants were placed in a stressful situation, they produced more ABA to try t... | {
"page_id": 2250,
"source": null,
"title": "Abiotic stress"
} |
Temperature determines metabolic rates, heart rates, and other very important factors within the bodies of animals, so an extreme temperature change can easily distress the animal's body. Animals can respond to extreme heat, for example, through natural heat acclimation or by burrowing into the ground to find a cooler ... | {
"page_id": 2250,
"source": null,
"title": "Abiotic stress"
} |
precipitation, and the organisms which inhabit them. On the species level, the increased abiotic stress due to climate change can lead to adaptations which increase a species' reproductive success under these conditions. However, such highly specialized adaptations may leave species vulnerable to other stresses. == See... | {
"page_id": 2250,
"source": null,
"title": "Abiotic stress"
} |
Carbonic anhydrase-related protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CA8 gene. The CA8 protein lacks the catalytic activity of other carbonic anhydrase enzymes. A rare, autosomal recessive form of cerebellar ataxia known as "cerebellar ataxia, mental retardation, and dysequilibrium syndrome 3" (CAMRQ3) is c... | {
"page_id": 15075531,
"source": null,
"title": "CA8"
} |
Peter Michael Maitlis, FRS (15 January 1933 – 18 May 2022) was a British organometallic chemist. == Early life and education == Maitlis was born on 15 January 1933, and educated at Hendon School (then Hendon County School) in north London 1944–50. He was awarded a Bachelor's degree in Science from the University of Bir... | {
"page_id": 30738637,
"source": null,
"title": "Peter Maitlis"
} |
and consequently can be used as a starting material for synthesising some pentamethylcyclopentadienyl organometallic compounds. Maitlis and colleagues demonstrated this synthesis and its applicability to the iridium analogue, [(η5-C5Me5)IrCl2]2. His group also demonstrated a more convenient synthesis for the bright ora... | {
"page_id": 30738637,
"source": null,
"title": "Peter Maitlis"
} |
P. M. (1993). "Calamitic Metallomesogens: Metal-Containing Liquid-Crystals with Rodlike Shapes". Chem. Rev. 93 (3): 861–885. doi:10.1021/cr00019a002. --- 482 citations Maitlis, P. M.; Haynes, A.; Sunley, G. J.; Howard, M. J. (1996). "Methanol Carbonylation Revisited: Thirty Years On". J. Chem.Soc., Dalton Trans. (11): ... | {
"page_id": 30738637,
"source": null,
"title": "Peter Maitlis"
} |
The Census of Coral Reefs (CReefs) is a field project of the Census of Marine Life that surveys the biodiversity of coral reef ecosystems internationally. The project works to study what species live in coral reef ecosystems, to develop standardized protocols for studying coral reef ecosystems, and to increase access t... | {
"page_id": 22022351,
"source": null,
"title": "Census of Coral Reefs"
} |
PRNA may refer to: NoRC associated RNA, a non-coding RNA element which regulates ribosomal RNA transcription Tryptophan 7-halogenase, an enzyme | {
"page_id": 38406352,
"source": null,
"title": "PRNA"
} |
The Institute of Theoretical Geophysics (ITG) is a research institute at the University of Cambridge, England. Most of the ITG's members are also members of DAMTP or the Department of Earth Sciences. Its research is chiefly on various aspects of geophysical fluid mechanics, as well as other aspects of geophysics such a... | {
"page_id": 46729423,
"source": null,
"title": "Institute of Theoretical Geophysics"
} |
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