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Read_ComprehensionQA

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As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] 2005: Ratzinger is elected as new Pope - BBC NewsBBC ON THIS DAY | 19 | 2005: Ratzinger is elected as new Pope [PAR] About This Site | Text Only [PAR] 2005: Ratzinger is elected as new Pope [PAR] Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger has been elected as the Pope - the head of the world's 1.1 billion Roman Catholics. [PAR] Taking the name Pope Benedict XVI, the 78-year-old German appeared on the balcony of St Peter's Basilica. [PAR] His arrival was greeted by loud cheers from the many thousands of pilgrims who had packed St Peter's Square as news of his election spread across Rome. [PAR] He was chosen on the third round of votes by the 115 cardinals meeting to select Pope John Paul II's successor.[DOC] [TLE] Benedict XVI is elected Pope | World History ProjectBenedict XVI is elected Pope | World History Project [PAR] Benedict XVI is elected Pope [PAR] Benedict XVI was elected Pope at the age of 78. [PAR] He is the oldest person to have been elected Pope since Pope Clement XII (1730–40). He had served longer as a cardinal than any Pope since Benedict XIII (1724–30). He is the ninth German Pope, the eighth having been the Dutch-German Pope Adrian VI (1522–23) from Utrecht. The last Pope named Benedict was Benedict XV, an Italian who reigned from 1914 to 1922, during World War I (1914–18). [PAR] Born in 1927 in Marktl am Inn, Bavaria, Germany, Ratzinger had a distinguished career as a university theologian before being appointed Archbishop of Munich and Freising by Pope Paul VI (1963–78). Shortly afterwards, he was made a cardinal in the consistory of 27 June 1977. He was appointed Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith by Pope John Paul II in 1981 and was also assigned the honorific title of the cardinal bishop of Velletri-Segni on 5 April 1993. In 1998, he was elected sub-dean of the College of Cardinals. And on 30 November 2002, he was elected dean, taking, as is customary, the title of Cardinal bishop of the suburbicarian diocese of Ostia. He was the first Dean of the College elected Pope since Paul IV (1555–59) and the first cardinal bishop elected Pope since Pius VIII (1829–30). [PAR] Even before becoming Pope, Ratzinger was one of the most influential men in the Roman Curia, and was a close associate of John Paul II. As Dean of the College of Cardinals, he presided over the funeral of John Paul II and over the Mass immediately preceding the 2005 conclave in which he was elected. During the service, he called on the assembled cardinals to hold fast to the doctrine of the faith. He was the public face of the church in the sede vacante period, although, technically, he ranked below the Camerlengo in administrative authority during that time. Like his predecessor, Benedict XVI affirms traditional Catholic doctrine. [PAR] In addition to his native German, Benedict XVI fluently speaks Italian, French, English, Spanish, and Latin, and also has a knowledge of Portuguese. He can read Ancient Greek and biblical Hebrew. He has stated that his first foreign language is French. He is a member of a large number of academies, such as the French Académie des sciences morales et politiques. He plays the piano and has a preference for Mozart and Bach. [PAR] Source: Wikipedia Added by: Kevin Rogers [PAR] VATICAN CITY - Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger of Germany, a hard-line guardian of conservative doctrine, was elected the new pope Tuesday evening in the first conclave of the new millennium. He chose the name Pope Benedict XVI and called himself “a simple, humble worker.” [PAR] An inauguration Mass for the new pope was set for Sunday at 10 a.m. local time, 4 a.m. ET. Benedict XVI decided to spend the night at the Vatican hotel where cardinals have been staying, and to dine with the cardinals. [PAR] Ratzinger, the first German pope since the 11th century, emerged onto the balcony of St. Peter’s Basilica, where he waved to a wildly cheering crowd of tens of thousands and gave his first blessing as the church's 265th pope. Other cardinals clad in their crimson"}, 'question': {'Which Pope was elected in 2005?'}}

['pope benedict xvi' 'joseph ratzinger' 'cardinal joseph ratzinger' 'benedict xvi' '265th pope']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Glacial terms - Eastern Illinois UniversityGlacial terms [PAR] Glossary of Selected Glacier Terminology\xa0 ( http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/Glaciers/glacier_terminology.html ) [PAR] Ablation: refers to all processes by which snow, ice, or water in any form are lost from a glacier - the loss of snow or ice by evaporation and melting. [PAR] Ablation area: is the lower region of a glacier where snow ablation exceeds snowfall. [PAR] Accumulation area: is the upper region of a glacier where snow accumulation exceeds melting. [PAR] Albedo: is the percentage of the incoming radiation that is reflected off a surface. An albedo of one indicates that 100 percent of the radiation is reflected. Fresh snow has a high albedo (0.7 to 0.9), indicating that 70 to 90 percent of the radiation received is reflected; glacier ice has a lower albedo of 0.2 to 0.4. [PAR] Cirque: a glacially eroded basin shaped like half a bowl; a deep, steep-walled recess in a mountain, caused by glacial erosion. [PAR] Crevasses: are open fissures in glacier ice. Crevasses form where the speed of the ice is variable, such as in icefalls and at valley bends. [PAR] Density: is the ratio of the mass of an object to its volume. Snow has a density averaging about 0.1, firn has a density of about 0.55, and glacier ice has a density of about 0.89. The density of unmineralized fresh water is 1. [PAR] Equilibrium line: is the boundary between the accumulation area and the ablation area. [PAR] Firn: is old snow that has been recrystalized into a more dense substance. Snowflakes are compressed under the weight of the overlying snowpack. Individual crystal near the melting point have slick liquid edges allowing them to glide along other crystal planes and to readjust the space between them. Where the crystals touch they bond together, squeezing the air between them to the surface or into bubbles. During summer we might see the crystal metamorphosis occur more rapidly because of water percolation between the crystals. By summer's end the result is firn -- a compacted snow with the appearance of wet sugar, but with a hardness that makes it resistant to all but the most dedicated snow shovelers! Firn has a density greater than 0.55. [PAR] Glacial advance: is the net movement of glacier terminus downvalley. Advance occurs when the rate of glacier flow downvalley is greater than its rate of ablation. Advances are characterized by a convex-shaped terminus. [PAR] Glacial drift: is the loose and unsorted rock debris distributed by glaciers and glacial meltwaters. Rocks may be dropped in place by the melting ice; they may be rolled to the ice margins, or they may be deposited by meltwater streams. Collectively, these deposits are called glacial drift. Till refers to the debris deposited directly by the glacier. Rock debris rolls off the glacier edges and builds piles of loose unconsolidated rocks called glacier moraine. Lateral moraines form along the side of a glacier and curl into a terminal moraine. [PAR] Glacial flour: is the fine-grained sediment carried by glacial rivers that results from the abrasion of rock at the glacier bed. Its presence turns lake water aqua blue or brown, depending on its parent rock type. [PAR] Glacial polish: is the leveling and smoothing of rock by fine-grained debris at the glacier bed. Coarser rocks may gouge scratches called striations. [PAR] Glacial retreat: is the net movement of the glacier terminus upvalley. Retreat results when the glacier is ablating at a rate faster than its movement downvalley. Retreating termini are usually concave in shape. [PAR] Glacial till: An unsorted, unstratified mixture of fine and coarse rock debris deposited by a glacier. Also called: Till. [PAR] Glacier: is a body of ice showing evidence of movement as reported by the presence of ice flowline, crevasses, and recent geologic evidence. Glaciers exist where, over a period of years, snow remains after summer's end. [PAR] Glacier outburst flood: A sudden release of melt water from a glacier or glacier-dammed lake sometimes resulting in a catastrophic flood, formed by melting of a channel or by subglacial volcanic activity. [PAR] Hydrothermal alteration: is the alteration of rocks or minerals due to the reactions of geothermally heated water with minerals. The process"}, 'question': {'What is the name for the rocks deposited by a glacier after it has passed by?'}}

['moraines' 'lateral moraines' 'moraine' 'lateral moraine' 'glacial drift' 'medial moraines' 'ground moraine']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Old BaileyThe Central Criminal Court of England and Wales, commonly known as the Old Bailey from the street on which it stands, is a court in London and one of a number of buildings housing the Crown Court. Part of the present building stands on the site of the medieval Newgate gaol, on a road named Old Bailey which follows the line of the City of London\'s fortified wall (or bailey), which runs from Ludgate Hill to the junction of Newgate Street and Holborn Viaduct. [PAR] The Crown Court sitting at the Central Criminal Court deals with major criminal cases from within Greater London and, in exceptional cases, from other parts of England and Wales. Trials at the Old Bailey, as at other courts, are open to the public, albeit subject to stringent security procedures. [PAR] History [PAR] The court originated as the sessions house of the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs of the City of London and of Middlesex. The original medieval court was first mentioned in 1585; it was next to the older Newgate gaol, and seems to have grown out of the endowment to improve the gaol and rooms for the Sheriffs, made possible by a gift from Richard Whittington. It was destroyed in the Great Fire of London in 1666 and rebuilt in 1674, with the court open to the weather to prevent the spread of disease. [PAR] In 1734 it was refronted, enclosing the court and reducing the influence of spectators: this led to outbreaks of typhus, notably in 1750 when 60 people died, including the Lord Mayor and two judges. It was rebuilt again in 1774 and a second courtroom was added in 1824. Over 100,000 criminal trials were carried out at the Old Bailey between 1674 and 1834. [PAR] In 1834, it was renamed as the Central Criminal Court and its jurisdiction extended beyond that of London and Middlesex to the whole of the English jurisdiction for trials of major cases. Her Majesty\'s Courts and Tribunals Service manages the courts and administers the trials but the building itself is owned by the City of London Corporation, which finances the building, the running of it, the staff and the maintenance out of their own resources. [PAR] The court was originally intended as the site where only criminals accused of crimes committed in the City and Middlesex were tried. However, in 1856, there was public revulsion at the accusations against the doctor William Palmer that he was a poisoner and murderer. This led to fears that he could not receive a fair trial in his native Staffordshire. The Central Criminal Court Act 1856 was passed to enable his trial to be held at the Old Bailey. [PAR] In the 19th century, the Old Bailey was a small court adjacent to Newgate gaol. Hangings were a public spectacle in the street outside until May 1868. The condemned would be led along Dead Man\'s Walk between the prison and the court, and many were buried in the walk itself. Large, riotous crowds would gather and pelt the condemned with rotten fruit and vegetables and stones. In 1807, 28 people were crushed to death after a pie-seller\'s stall overturned. A secret tunnel was subsequently created between the prison and St Sepulchre\'s church opposite, to allow the chaplain to minister to the condemned man without having to force his way through the crowds. [PAR] The present Old Bailey building dates from 1902 but it was officially opened on 27 February 1907. It was designed by E. W. Mountford and built on the site of the infamous Newgate gaol, which was demolished to allow the court buildings to be constructed. Above the main entrance is inscribed the admonition: "Defend the Children of the Poor & Punish the Wrongdoer". King Edward VII opened the courthouse. [PAR] On the dome above the court stands a bronze statue of Lady Justice, executed by the British sculptor F. W. Pomeroy. She holds a sword in her right hand and the scales of justice in her left. The statue is popularly supposed to show blind Justice, however, the figure is not blindfolded: the courthouse brochures explain that this is because Lady Justice was originally not blindfolded, and because her “maidenly form” is supposed to guarantee her impartiality which renders the blindfold redundant. [PAR]'}, 'question': {'"In England, what is commonly known as ""The Old Bailey""?"'}}

['central criminal court']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Grimm Brothers, two 19th-century German scholars and ...��\x11\u0871\x1a�>\x03�� \x06\x01)\x10+\x01����(��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������[ \x04�\x12�\x10\x04� \x0ebjbj�� \x04\x16% �j\x01�j\x01) s��\x0f��\x0f��\x0fl��� � ���\x14��\x01�\x01�\x01�\x01 �\x01 ��\x03\x0e\x01�\x01�\x01�\x01�\x01�\x01�\x01�\x01�\x01|\x03\x02~\x03~\x03~\x03~\x03~\x03~\x03$ \x05 \x02+\x07&\x01�\x03\x15��\x01�\x01�\x01�\x01�\x01�\x03\x02\x03���\x01�\x01�\x03\x16\x02\x03\x02\x03\x02\x03�\x01$\x01��\x01��\x01|\x03\x02\x03�\x01|\x03\x02\x03z\x02\x03|\x03��|\x03�\x01�\x01 ��\x075���\x01���\x01�\x024|\x03|\x03�\x030�\x03|\x03Q\x08\x02\x03Q\x08|\x03\x02\x03������\x02�Grimm Brothers, two 19th-century German scholars and brothers, who were leaders in the study of philology and folklore. Their names were Jacob Ludwig Karl Grimm (1785-1863) and Wilhelm Karl Grimm (1786-1859). Both brothers were born in Hanau�Jacob on January 4, 1785, and Wilhelm on February 24, 1786�and they were educated at the University of Marburg. Jacob was primarily a scientific philologist, having become interested at the university in medieval literature and the scientific investigation of language. Wilhelm was more a textual and literary critic. After several years in diplomatic and library posts in Kassel, the brothers went in 1830 to the University of G�ttingen, where Wilhelm became a librarian and Jacob a lecturer on ancient law, literary history, and philosophy. For political reasons, the brothers returned to Kassel in 1837. In 1841, at the invitation of Frederick William IV of Prussia,'}, 'question': {'Which German brothers published fairy tales in the 19th century?'}}

['grimm']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] David Gest, music producer and entertainer, dies at 62 (w ...David Gest, music producer and entertainer, dies at 62 (w/video) | Tampa Bay Times [PAR] David Gest, music producer and entertainer, dies at 62 (w/video) [PAR] New York Times [PAR] I want to see more articles tagged [PAR] I\'m already following articles tagged [PAR] David Gest, a concert promoter and television producer who gained fleeting fame for his brief marriage to Liza Minnelli and went on to become a reality television star in Britain, died Tuesday in London. He was 62. [PAR] Related News/Archive [PAR] Pop singer George Michael dies at his England home at age 53 (w/video) [PAR] 3 Days Ago [PAR] In a statement, the Metropolitan Police of London said that they were summoned to the Four Seasons Hotel in Canary Wharf, where members of the ambulance service pronounced Gest dead. No cause was given. [PAR] Gest, a music-industry veteran, operated for most of his career behind the scenes, producing celebrity awards shows and concert tours featuring former soul music greats. In 2001, he staged two concerts at Madison Square Garden, "Michael Jackson: 30th Anniversary Celebration: The Solo Years," which featured Michael Jackson, the reunited Jackson Five and several guests, including Minnelli. A film version was broadcast by CBS as a two-hour special. [PAR] A year later he found himself squarely in the glare of the spotlights when he became Minnelli\'s fourth husband. The two married on March 16, 2002, with Elizabeth Taylor serving as a maid of honor and Jackson as best man. The swarm of celebrity guests at the reception included Michael and Kirk Douglas, Elton John, Anthony Hopkins, Andrew Lloyd Webber and Donald Trump. [PAR] A television series, Liza and David, was planned for VH1 but was scrapped after one episode was completed because of constant arguments between the co-stars and the channel\'s executives. [PAR] The couple separated after 16 months. During divorce proceedings, Gest sued Minnelli for $10\xa0million, accusing her of violence and physical abuse. He alleged that Minnelli, in alcohol-induced rages, beat him so badly that he suffered "constant, virtually unrelenting pain" in his head. The lawsuit was dismissed. [PAR] Minnelli countersued, claiming that Gest had stolen at least $2 million she earned while performing in shows he produced. Both dropped legal claims against each other to finalize their divorce in 2007. [PAR] Gest later appeared in Britain as a judge on the entertainment series Grease Is the Word and the star of his own reality series in 2007, This Is David Gest. [PAR] In January, Gest was a contestant on the British reality show Celebrity Big Brother, in which participants live together in a house, isolated from the outside world, their every move recorded by cameras. Each week, audiences vote one contestant off the show. Gest left after 13 days for unexplained medical reasons. [PAR] David Gest was born on May 11, 1953, in Los Angeles and grew up in Encino, the neighborhood where the Jacksons also lived. As a teenager he became good friends with Michael Jackson and his brother Tito, as well as with Michael McDonald, the future lead singer of the Doobie Brothers. [PAR] Jackson recalled their friendship in an interview with Vanity Fair in 2002. "We spent a lot of our childhood in a car, driving around, looking for old records, memorabilia, antiques and hidden treasures," he said. "He was always one for playing practical jokes on me and my family." [PAR] Gest haunted recording studios in Los Angeles, cadging free records by pretending to be a music critic for his high school paper. At 17, he found work as a publicist with London Records and before long was sent to New York as its director of national publicity. [PAR] "I was handling the careers of people like Tom Jones, Engelbert Humperdinck, ZZ Top and Al Green," he told the Yorkshire Post in 2014. [PAR] Encouraged by Green, he started Gest and Associates, a public relations and management company whose early clients included Green, Burt Bacharach and the Doobie'}, 'question': {'David Gest, a concert promoter, was the fourth husband of whom from March 2002 until their divorce in April 2007?'}}

['liza minnelli']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Jack Ryan (Character) - Biography - IMDbJack Ryan (Character) - Biography [PAR] biography [PAR] The content of this page was created by users. It has not been screened or verified by IMDb staff. [PAR] Warning! This character biography may contain plot spoilers. [PAR] Visit our Character Biography Help to learn more. [PAR] Character Biography [PAR] History [PAR] Discuss [PAR] Jack Ryan (full name John Patrick Ryan, Ph.D., CPA, USMC (Ret.), KCVO) is a character created by Tom Clancy who appears in many of his novels. According to Clancy, Ryan is a real jack of all trades - a retired marine lieutenant (decommissioned after a helicopter crash injury), a bachelor in economics, a professor of history, a certified public accountant, a former stock broker with Merrill Lynch and, of course, a CIA agent. [PAR] Jack Ryan is a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy. During the summer of his third year in the Academy he was in a helicopter crash somewhere in the Mediterranean Sea. (This explains his reluctance to fly in helicopters). He took months to recuperate from his injuries and finished his fourth year of Academy studies from his hospital bed. (from THFRO) [PAR] In "Patriot Games", Ryan, then a history professor at the US Naval Academy, takes a trip to London with his family (wife and daughter Sally) for research and vacationing. After spending the day sifting through British Navy archives, Ryan walks to meet his family at a London park. As he joins them, members of the Ulster Liberation Army, a fictional ultra-violent Maoist offshoot of the IRA, headed by a man named Kevin O\'Donnell, attack a car containing the Prince of Wales and his family right in front of Ryan and his wife and daughter. Ryan intervenes in the attack and foils their plan, killing one of the gunmen and capturing another. [PAR] Sean Miller, the man he captured, vows revenge on Ryan and his family. But since he is going to Albany Prison on the Isle of Wight, the threat doesn\'t seem serious. After being invested as a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order by the Queen, Ryan returns to the U.S. and the Academy. When O\'Donnell and the ULA rescues Miller on his way to Albany Prison, Ryan and his family becomes the target of their revenge. [PAR] Admiral James Greer, the Deputy Director (Intelligence) at the CIA, comes to Ryan and asks him to return to join the CIA permanently as an analyst to help track down the terrorists. He declines initially, only to accept it later after a failed attack on himself and his family by the ULA severely injures his wife and daughter. Later, while Ryan hosts the Prince and Princess of Wales at his home in Maryland, the ULA make a second attack on the Ryans, which is foiled by Jack, the Prince, and Commander Robert Jackson, USN. Following the incident and arrest of the ULA, he is re-assigned to London as a member of a liaison group to the British Secret Intelligence Service. [PAR] In "Hunt for Red October", Captain First Rank Marko Ramius, the Soviet Navy\'s top submarine commander, takes control of the (Red October), the newest Typhoon-class missile submarine. Ramius\'s mission is to test the sub\'s new silent "caterpillar" drive, but Ramius and a select group of his officers are actually planning to sail the submarine to the coast of the United States and defect. [PAR] When Soviet officials in Moscow receive a letter from Ramius informing them of this, they send out most of the Soviet Northern Fleet with orders to find and destroy the Red October. [PAR] Secret photographs of the Red October are delivered to Ryan. He shows them to several naval officers familiar with missile submarines. From there he goes to the Pentagon and finally to the White House. With the President\'s approval, a plan is created whereby, when the Red October approached the American coastline, it would be captured and hidden. At the same time, an older U.S. submarine would be intentionally destroyed and sunk in that vicinity. Then the Soviets would be informed'}, 'question': {'Who created the fictional CIA man Jack Ryan?'}}

['tom clancy']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] 05/10/1775 - Battles - Capture of Fort Ticonderoga by ...05/10/1775 - Battles - Capture of Fort Ticonderoga by Colonial Militia - American Revolutionary War Forums [PAR] 05/10/1775 - Battles - Capture of Fort Ticonderoga by Colonial Militia [PAR] - [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] The Capture of Fort Ticonderoga occurred during the American Revolutionary War on May 10, 1775, when a small force of Green Mountain Boys led by Ethan Allen and Colonel Benedict Arnold overcame a small British garrison at the fort and looted the personal belongings of the garrison. Cannons and other armaments from the fort were transported to Boston and used to fortify Dorchester Heights and break the standoff at the Siege of Boston. [PAR] After seizing Ticonderoga, a small detachment captured the nearby Fort Crown Point on May 11. Seven days later, Arnold and 50 men boldly raided Fort Saint-Jean on the Richelieu River in southern Quebec, seizing military supplies, cannons, and the largest military vessel on Lake Champlain. [PAR] Although the scope of this military action was relatively minor, it had significant strategic importance. It impeded communication between northern and southern units of the British Army, and gave the nascent Continental Army a staging ground for the invasion of Quebec later in 1775. It also involved two larger-than-life personalities in Allen and Arnold, each of whom sought to gain as much credit and honor as possible for these events. Most significantly, artillery from Ticonderoga would be dragged across Massachusetts to the heights commanding Boston harbor, forcing the British to withdraw from that city. [PAR] ==Background== [PAR] In 1775, Fort Ticonderoga\'s location did not appear to be as strategically important as it had been in the French and Indian War, when the French famously defended it against a much larger British force in the 1758 Battle of Carillon, and when the British captured it in 1759. After the 1763 Treaty of Paris, in which the French ceded their North American territories to the British, the fort was no longer on the frontier of two great empires, guarding the principal waterway between them. The French had blown up the fort\'s powder magazine when they abandoned the fort, and it had fallen further into disrepair since then. In 1775 it was garrisoned by only a small detachment of the 26th Regiment of Foot, consisting of two officers and forty-six men, with many of them "invalids" (soldiers with limited duties because of disability or illness). Twenty-five women and children lived there as well. Because of its former significance, Fort Ticonderoga still had a high reputation as the "gateway to the continent" or the "Gibraltar of America", but in 1775 it was, according to historian Christopher Ward, "more like a backwoods village than a fort." [PAR] Even before shooting started in the American Revolutionary War, American Patriots were concerned about Fort Ticonderoga. The fort was a valuable asset for several reasons. Within its walls was a collection of heavy artillery including cannons, howitzers, and mortars, armaments that the Americans had in short supply. The fort was situated on the shores of Lake Champlain, a strategically important route between the rebellious Thirteen Colonies and the British-controlled northern provinces. British forces placed there would expose the colonial forces in Boston to attack from the rear. After the war began with the Battles of Lexington and Concord on April 19, 1775, the British General Thomas Gage realized the fort would require fortification, and several colonists had the idea of capturing the fort. [PAR] Gage, writing from the besieged city of Boston following Lexington and Concord, instructed Quebec\'s governor, General Guy Carleton, to rehabilitate and refortify the forts at Ticonderoga and Crown Point. Carleton did not receive this letter until May 19, well after the fort had been captured. [PAR] Benedict Arnold had frequently traveled through the area around the fort, and was familiar with its condition, manning, and armaments. En route to Boston following news of the events of April 19, he mentioned the fort and its condition to members of Silas Deane\'s militia. The Connecticut Committee of Correspondence acted on this information; money was "borrowed" from the provincial coffers and recruiters were sent into northwestern Connecticut, western Massachusetts, and the New Hampshire'}, 'question': {'On 10 May 1775, during the American Revolutionary War, a small force of Green Mountain Boys led by Ethan Allen and Colonel Benedict Arnold overcame and looted Fort Ticonderoga, a small British garrison, and took away cannons and other armaments to fortify which city that was under siege?'}}

['city of boston' 'boston']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] The Mugger Crocodile – Interesting Facts & Knowledge ...The Mugger Crocodile – Interesting Facts & Knowledge - Ground Reptiles [PAR] Follow It's Nature on Facebook [PAR] Mugger Crocodile [PAR] The Mugger is a true crocodile but is one of the most like an alligator of all crocodiles, both in what it looks like as well as how it lives and behaves. [PAR] They is a fairly large sized crocodile, and can reach about 15-16 feet in length. Generally the male mugger crocodile will weigh more than the female and be longer. [PAR] The mugger crocodile has a very broad snout, which is what primarily gives them the look of an American alligator. Their head is fairly flattened on the top, and the eyes, ears and nostrils are on the same surface. This permits the Mugger crocodile to both see and hear, as well as to small while they are nearly all the way under the water. [PAR] The eyes of the mugger crocodile are kept protected by the presence of a third eyelid, which is called a nictitating membrane. This nictitating membrane is crystal clear to permit the crocodile to see and keep the water out of the eye. [PAR] The mugger crocodile [PAR] Inside their mouths will be about 68 teeth,which is part of what will distinguish the crocodile from an alligator. [PAR] Mugger crocodile teeth are aligned perfectly with each other, while those of an alligator are not so, but instead are jagged in growth. [PAR] The mugger crocodile, like all crocodilians is an excellent swimmer, and uses his flat tail to propel himself forward in the water. They have webbed feet however these are not used for swimming. [PAR] The body of the Mugger Crocodile is well armored by a scaly hide with larger scutes on the neck that look much like the American alligator. [PAR] The adult is gray or brown, while the smaller juveniles are about ten inches long and are lighter tan, with bands of black on the tail and the back. [PAR] The mugger crocodile hunting on sand [PAR] The mugger crocodile hunting on sand [PAR] The mugger crocodile is a good traveler even on land and if the pool of fresh water they live is dries up, they will travel a long distance to find more water. [PAR] The females begin to breed at about six years of age while the males are not mature enough until about ten years of age. [PAR] The female can then breed until she is about thirty years old. [PAR] The female will dig a nest in a sloping type bank, deposit her eggs about a month after breeding. She will lay between ten and forty five eggs. [PAR] The female does protect the nest and will guard it until the young hatch. When they do, both mother and father will take the young to the water, and they will stay with the parents until about a year old. [PAR] Interestingly enough the temperature of the nest is what will determine whether the young are male or female. [PAR] If it is about 32.5 C the embryos are all males. Between 28-31C all the animals will be females. [PAR] The mugger crocodile chasing his meal [PAR] The mugger crocodile chasing his meal [PAR] The adults capture large prey, such as fish, turtles, snakes, and sometimes even monkeys, deer and buffalo to eat. [PAR] In the early 1800′s there were thought to be many thousands of mugger crocodiles, and the species was common throughout India where it was seen on a daily bases, but hunting and trapping brought the population of Muggers to the brink of extinction. In 1867 the last sighting of a mugger crocodile in Myanmar took place. [PAR] In the 1970′s, awareness of the problems for the crocodiles saw new laws enacted and captive breeding brought the wild population up to 5000. [PAR] See what you can find... [PAR] dev [PAR] Is good to see that Indian crocodiles taking a large space in the number of [PAR] crocodiles.[DOC] [TLE] Mugger Crocodile - Animal of the world Wiki - WikiaMugger Crocodile | Animal of the world Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Animal of the world Wiki [PAR] Share [PAR] Ad blocker interference detected! [PAR] Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using"}, 'question': {'"A ""mugger"" is a type of what?"'}}

['true crocodile' 'crocodile' 'crocodiles']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Hi-De-Hi! shop - British Comedy GuideHi-De-Hi! shop - British Comedy Guide [PAR] Hi-De-Hi! - The Complete Collection [PAR] Welcome to Maplin\'s, Britain\'s favourite holiday camp, where the sun-drenched summer never ends. Here we find our heroic Yellowcoats involved in all kinds of jolly japes and comic capers, in the chalets, in the Hawaiian Ballroom and all around the Olympic-sized swimming pool. So roll up your trousers and get... [PAR] Hi-De-Hi! - Companion [PAR] This long awaited book coincides with the 30th anniversary of the popular and award winning BBC sitcom, Hi-De-Hi! by Jimmy Perry and David Croft - writers of Dad\'s Army and It Ain\'t Half Hot Mum . Written with full co-operation from the writers and cast members, this full colour book begins... [PAR] Hi-De-Hi! - Series 8 & 9 [PAR] Join the Yellowcoats in the final two series of Hi-De-Hi!. [PAR] Note: Due to some confusion in the earlier \'Series 3 & 4\' release, this release contains Series 7 and 8 - only 8 were produced. [PAR] Hi-De-Hi! - Series 7 [PAR] The long-awaited seventh series of Hi-De-Hi! on DVD. Episodes: Special: The Great Cat Robbery 1. It\'s Murder 2. Who Killed Mr. Partridge? 3. Spaghetti Galore 4. A Lack Of Punch 5. Ivory Castles In The Air 6. Man Trap Note: Due to some confusion in the earlier \'Series... [PAR] Hi-De-Hi! - Series 5 & 6 [PAR] This release contains all 13 episodes from series 4 and 5 of the classic holiday camp TV comedy, Hi-De-Hi!. [PAR] Note: Due to some confusion in the earlier \'Series 3 & 4\' release, this set actually includes the complete Series 4 and 5. [PAR] Hi-De-Hi! - Series 3 & 4 [PAR] Series 3 of the popular television comedy on three discs. [PAR] Please note that this series was produced as two separate series but broadcast by the BBC as one - hence the \'misnaming\' of this release. [PAR] Hi-De-Hi! - Series 1 & 2 [PAR] The Hi-De-Hi! gang is in for a big surprise at the start of the new holiday season when Jeffrey Fairbrother (Simon Cadell) becomes head of entertainment at Maplin\'s Holiday Camp. Gladys Pugh (Ruth Madoc) can\'t take her eyes off him, and wannabe Yellowcoat, Peggy (Su Pollard), looks like she might...[DOC] [TLE] Hi-de-Hi! (TV Series 1980–1988) - IMDbHi-de-Hi! (TV Series 1980–1988) - IMDb [PAR] (United Kingdom) – See all my reviews [PAR] Based to some extent on writers, David Croft and Jimmy Perry\'s, own experiences as Butlins Holiday Camp entertainers in the UK during the same timescale the programme follows, "Hi-De-Hi!" epitomises the \'slapstick, postcard humour" of post-war Britain. Set in the fictitious seaside town of Crimpton-on-Sea, "Hi-De-Hi" chronicles the comedic goings on within the Maplins Holiday Camp - one of many dotted along the British coast owned by the mega-rich, but never seen (on screen) Joe Maplin. [PAR] Although the actual show began in 1980 with the pilot episode and ran until 1988 when the BBC deemed it too tame for it\'s cutting edge comedy department, seasons 1-5 focused on 1959 while seasons 6-9 spotlighted 1960 - a time when the old style British Holiday Camp began to fall into decline. During the first 5 seasons, Jeffrey Fairbrother (played brilliantly by the late, great Simon Cadell) was the camp\'s entertainment manager; a well meaning, yet slightly pensive ex-university professor breaking free of his upper class background and venturing into the "real" world to head his team of entertainment staff who were in stark contrast to his own laid-back personality. From season 6 onwards, Fairbrother was'}, 'question': {'"Where was the English TV comedy series ""Hi De Hi"" set?"'}}

['holiday camp']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Georgia State Name Origin, Georgia NicknamesGeorgia State Name Origin, Georgia Nicknames [PAR] Origin of Georgia State Name [PAR] Georgia was named in honor of George II of England. [PAR] The last of the thirteen original British colonies was named after England\'s King George II in 1733. The terms of the charter granted by the king specified that the colony to be founded by James Oglethorpe be named after the king and so it was. [PAR] Georgia Nicknames [PAR] The nicknames for Georgia these days are The Empire State of the South (originally used in the mid 19th century, but since then has been hotly disputed by Taxes), and the name that appears on license plates, The Peach State (the peach being the official state fruit since 1995). However, Georgia\'s legislature has not designated an official nickname for the state. [PAR] Peach State [PAR] Georgia grown peaches are recognized for their superior flavor, texture, appearance and nutritious qualities that promote a healthy, balanced diet. Georgia is known as the "Peach State" because of the growers\' reputation for producing the highest quality fruit. The peach became the official state fruit in 1995. [PAR] Empire State of the South [PAR] Refer to economic leadership (originally used in the mid 19th century, but since then has been hotly disputed by Taxes) [PAR] Yankee-land of the South [PAR] Refer to economic leadership, Yankee-land of the South. [PAR] Cracker State [PAR] During 1870\'s Georgia was being called the The Cracker State. A "cracker" in this context was slang for a low Southern white man, coined in the mid-18th century (although other sources suggest that it may relate to the many teamsters in the state, and be an allusion to the cracking of their whips). Cracker: derogatory term meaning braggarts, as applied to immigrants into Georgia from the mountains of Virginia and North Carolina. Whatever the origin, many Georgians hated the nickname. [PAR] Buzzard State [PAR] Georgia has also been known as The Buzzard State (from laws Georgia introduced to protect buzzards). [PAR] Pine State [PAR] In 1843, Georgia was listed as The Pine State. [PAR] Goober State [PAR] From the peanut came The Goober State [PAR] Georgia Slogans [PAR] Georgia on My Mind; also it\'s the Georgia state song [PAR] Georgia Postal Code [PAR] Georgian - Official (recommended by US GPO) [PAR] Buzzard - Official, unofficial or informal alternates [PAR] Cracker - Official, unofficial or informal alternates [PAR] Goober-grabber - Official, unofficial or informal alternates [PAR] Sand-hiller - Official, unofficial or informal alternates [PAR] State Names [PAR] The etymologies of some US state names are more obvious than others, derived from the Spanish or French tongue. Though, more than half of the US state names come from Native American tribal languages, with several still a mystery to scholars and historians. [PAR] Colleges & Universities [PAR] With access to over 8,500 schools to choose from! [PAR] Get Your Degree![DOC] [TLE] The Peach State | State Symbols USAThe Peach State | State Symbols USA [PAR] State Symbols USA [PAR] Perfect peaches;\xa0photo by liz west on Flickr (use permitted with attribution). [PAR] The Peach State [PAR] Georgia is best known as\xa0The Peach State. Georgia-grown peaches are recognized for their superior flavor, texture, appearance and nutritious qualities. Georgia also designated the peach as the official state fruit in 1995. Other nicknames for Georgia are The\xa0Goober State (goobers are an old word for peanuts), and The\xa0Empire State of the South. [PAR] Georgia[DOC] [TLE] Peach State Fruit | State Symbols USAPeach State Fruit | State Symbols USA [PAR] Ripe peaches on the tree; photo by Steve Adams on Flickr (noncommercial use permitted with attribution / no derivative works). [PAR] Peach [PAR] Georgia designated the peach as the official state fruit in 1995. Georgia is known as "The Peach State" because of its reputation for producing the highest quality fruit - Georgia-grown peaches are recognized for their superior flavor, texture, appearance and nutritious qualities. [PAR] Georgia[DOC] [TLE] Georgia Peach: Official State Fruit | Today In Georgia HistoryGeorgia Peach: Official'}, 'question': {'What fruit is mentioned in the official nickname of the US state of Georgia?'}}

['peach' 'peaches']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Fudd Beer - Simpsons Wiki - WikiaFudd Beer | Simpsons Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] " Colonel Homer " [PAR] Fudd Beer is the main brand of beer in Shelbyville and Spittle County. It is the chief competitor of Duff Beer which is intentionally spelled with a parallel swapping of the consonants. Homer became aware of Fudd Beer while patronizing a "redneck bar" in nearby Spittle County. It was later revealed to be considered very popular in Springfield \'s rival town of Shelbyville. Despite its popularity, Moe said he thought it had been banned "after all those hillbillies went blind". [PAR] The can...[DOC] [TLE] 15 Famous beers you’ll probably never drink ...15 Famous beers you’ll probably never drink | LegendsOfBeer.com [PAR] 15 Famous beers you’ll probably never\xa0drink [PAR] December 30, 2008 by legendsofbeer [PAR] We may take it for granted, but the fictional beers of TV and movies are some of the best loved brands in existence. Some of these beers have achieved the brand recognition and affection that major commercial beers can only dream of. [PAR] Some TV shows and movies will feature beers are a convenient plot device, but others take the time and effort to cultivate a bona fide beer brand, with tag lines, brewery scenes/episodes and a detailed history. It’s always fun to see characters drinking fictitious beers on screen. As there is no real product or company to protect, the scope for biting satire, commentary or simply plain inventiveness, is unlimited. [PAR] We searched long and hard and found 15 of the most prominent, well-loved and interesting fictional beers from TV and film. See how many you recognize! [PAR] 1. Duff Beer – The Simpsons [PAR] Possibly the most famous fictional beer of them all, Duff is Homer’s drink of choice and features in countless episodes. As a cheap, mainstream beer, Duff is a parody of the popular Budweiser, Coors and Miller brands. In fact, there are several close parallels to Budweiser in particular (similarities include sponsoring stadiums: Duff Bowl / Bud Bowl; doggy mascots: Suds McDuff / Spuds MacKenzie).\xa0 During one episode, Homer and Barney tour the Duff brewery, where it is revealed that Duff, Duff Light and Duff Dry are, in fact, the exact same beer. [PAR] While Simpsons creator, Matt Groening, has never licensed the name for a real beer, that hasn’t stopped canny brewers trying to cash in on the recognition value, with a number of Duff beer scams . There are, of course, a variety of Duff-branded novelty merchandise for sale, including a Duff energy drink in a beer-like can. [PAR] 2. Leopard Lager – Red Dwarf [PAR] This excellent comedy sci-fi series from the BBC is set 3,000,000 years in the future and features Lister, a 20th century lager-swilling Liverpudlian, as the last survivor of the Red Dwarf mining ship. [PAR] Through many ingenious plot devices, Lister manages to obtain sufficient quantities of his favorite lager on a regular basis – both to accompany his favorite beef vindaloo and to simply help him retain his sanity. The beer is always depicted in cans and is brewed by the Jupiter Mining Company. [PAR] 3. Buzz Beer – The Drew Carey Show [PAR] A long-running storyline in The Drew Carey Show involved this beer/coffee mixture. Initially brewed in Drew’s garage, it was sold at the Warsaw Tavern, the bar frequented by Drew and his friends. According to Lewis in the show, “the combination of caffeine and alcohol should be more addictive than heroin, but so far sales haven’t borne that out”. [PAR] This is a good example of life imitating art. Since the show aired, there have been several actual caffeinated beer products released for consumption. The highest profile product was ‘BE’ from Budweiser. In recent times, the trend for these products is reversing due to bad press and concern over its appeal to young people. [PAR] 4. Girlie Girl Beer – Married With Children [PAR] This was Al Bundy’s favorite beer from the long-running TV show. The beer was the staple beverage of the “NO MA’AM” (National Organization'}, 'question': {'"What brand of beer is popular in the ""Simpsons""?"'}}

['duff']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] The Prix de l\'Arc de Triomphe - Eurotunnel Le ShuttleThe Prix de l’Arc de Triomphe - Ideas for your trip - Eurotunnel Le Shuttle [PAR] Ideas for your trip [PAR] Europe’s premier horse race [PAR] Sights [PAR] 4th October 2014: [PAR] A day at the races, French-style [PAR] It\'s October. The summer has said its au revoirs and the Alps are not yet frosted. For the people of Paris, this can mean only one thing. It is time to unleash the autumn wardrobe and head out of town to the world\'s chicest horse race. So pack your bow tie and binoculars – its time to board your Eurotunnel Le Shuttle to the [PAR] Prix de l\'Arc de Triomphe. [PAR] Living it up at Longchamp [PAR] Whether your passion begins and ends with the mere mention of John McCririck, this is one annual meeting that any self-respecting channel-hopper cannot miss. [PAR] The Prix de l\'Arc de Triomphe, or the Arcto its friends, takes in the western suburbs of Paris, three hours drive (300km) south of the Eurotunnel Le Shuttle terminus in Calais. [PAR] Every October, up to 50,000 diamante-encrusted spectators descend on the banks of the Seine, to witness Europe\'s most extravagant horse race. As one understating slogan puts it: "Ce n\'est pas une course, c\'est un monument" – "Not so much a race as a monument". [PAR] To attend a run at Longchamp Hippodrome is to follow in the brass-buckled footsteps of Napoleon himself. Its heart-stopping scenes of heroic horseplay have been immortalised over the years in iconic masterpieces by painters such as [PAR] Édouard Manet and Edgar Degas. Even U2 have got in on the action, taking over the famous racecourse stands to film a leg of their Joshua Tree Tour. [PAR] The 57-hectare race ground is celebrated worldwide for its varied terrain, including a thrilling hill section that can test the mettle of even the world\'s greatest jockeys. It has been home to many a major meeting since its creation 200 years ago, but it is one particular race that dominates the Longchamp calendar. [PAR] Backing a winner [PAR] The Prix de l\'Arc de Triomphe is a 1.5 mile flat horse race, currently ranked as the third richest in the world, after the Melbourne Cup and the Japan Cup. To win the Arc is to become a champion – the name given to the most elite class of thoroughbreds. [PAR] Established in 1920 with a prize of 150,000 francs, the Prix de l\'Arc de Triomphe quickly established itself as France\'s foremost horserace. Nowadays, to any race aficionado, the names of previous winners such as Ribot, Dancing Brave and Danedream will set hearts racing with excitement. [PAR] When the present sponsor Qatar Racing and Equestrian Club (QREC) took over the contract a few years ago, it doubled the prize fund from €2 million to €4 million. [PAR] So it might surprise the British to find that in France, there are no bookmakers in sight. You can forget all that frantic paper-wafting that typifies the likes of Ascot. At the Prix de l\'Arc de Triomphe, gambling is strictly over Pari Mutuel Counters – that is, tote betting, where the payout is not decided until all the bets are in. [PAR] Parklife [PAR] One of the major attractions of the Prix de l\'Arc de Triomphe is undoubtedly its stunning setting. The Longchamp racecourse snakes along the picturesque banks of the River Seine, with the Eiffel Tower itself offering its trademark backdrop. [PAR] It is situated among the ancient oak forests of the Bois de Boulogne, a park more than twice the size of New York\'s Central Park and on a par with London\'s Richmond Park. Whether you have horserace neighsayers in your pack or are staying on in the area, this park offers plenty to do away from the track. [PAR] The beauty spot became a civic park in 1852 under the instruction of Napoleon III, who wanted to bring a bit of London\'s Hyde Park back with him after exile. It was here, in 1783, that the first successful manned hot air balloon flight took'}, 'question': {"The French horse race called the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe is run at which race course?"}}

['longchamp']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Soviet invasion of Afghanistan - Guide to RussiaSoviet invasion of Afghanistan [PAR] GuideToRussia.com [PAR] Soviet invasion of Afghanistan [PAR] Afghanistan hit the world's headlines in 1979. Afghanistan seemed to perfectly summarize the Cold War. From the west's point of view, Berlin, Korea, Hungary and Cuba had shown the way communism wanted to proceed. Afghanistan was a continuation of this. [PAR] In Christmas 1979, Russian paratroopers landed in Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan. The country was already in the grip of a civil war. The prime minister, Hazifullah Amin, tried to sweep aside Muslim tradition within the nation and he wanted a more western slant to Afghanistan. This outraged the majority of those in Afghanistan as a strong tradition of Muslim belief was common in the country. [PAR] Thousands of Muslim leaders had been arrested and many more had fled the capital and gone to the mountains to escape Amin's police. Amin also lead a communist based government - a belief that rejects religion and this was another reason for such obvious discontent with his government. [PAR] Thousands of Afghanistan Muslims joined the Mujahideen - a guerilla force on a holy mission for Allah. They wanted the overthrow of the Amin government. The Mujahideen declared a jihad - a holy war - on the supporters of Amin. This was also extended to the Russians who were now in Afghanistan trying to maintain the power of the Amin government. The Russians claimed that they had been invited in by the Amin government and that they were not invading the country. They claimed that their task was to support a legitimate government and that the Mujahideen were no more than terrorists. [PAR] On December 27th, 1979, Amin was shot by the Russians and he was replaced by Babrak Kamal. His position as head of the Afghan government depended entirely on the fact that he needed Russian military support to keep him in power. Many Afghan soldiers had deserted to the Mujahedeen and the Kamal government needed 85,000 Russian soldiers to keep him in power. [PAR] The Mujahideen proved to be a formidable opponent. They were equipped with old rifles but had a knowledge of the mountains around Kabal and the weather conditions that would be encountered there. The Russians resorted to using napalm, poison gas and helicopter gun ships against the Mujahedeen - but they experienced exactly the same military scenario the Americans had done in Vietnam. [PAR] By 1982, the Mujahideen controlled 75% of Afghanistan despite fighting the might of the world's second most powerful military power. Young conscript Russian soldiers were no match against men fuelled by their religious belief. Though the Russian army had a reputation, the war in Afghanistan showed the world just how poor it was outside of military displays. Army boots lasted no more than 10 days before falling to bits in the harsh environment of the Afghanistan mountains. Many Russian soldiers deserted to the Mujahideen. Russian tanks were of little use in the mountain passes. [PAR] The United Nations had condemned the invasion as early as January 1980 but a Security Council motion calling for the withdrawal of Russian forces had been vetoed......by Russia. [PAR] America put a ban on the export of grain to Russia, ended the SALT talks taking place then and boycotted the Olympic Games due to be held in Moscow in 1980. Other than that, America did nothing. Why ? They knew that Russia had got itself into their own Vietnam and it also provided American Intelligence with an opportunity to acquire any new Russian military hardware that could be used in Afghanistan. Mujhadeen fighters were given access to American surface-to-air missiles - though not through direct sales by America. [PAR] Mikhail Gorbachev took Russia out of the Afghanistan fiasco when he realised what many Russian leaders had been too scared to admit in public - that Russia could not win the war and the cost of maintaining such a vast force in Afghanistan was crippling Russia's already weak economy. [PAR] By the end of the 1980's, the Mujahideen was at war with itself in Afghanistan with hard line Taliban fighters taking a stronger grip over the whole nation and imposing very strict Muslim law on the Afghanistan population. [PAR] THE OTHER SIDE OF WAR [PAR] Zbignev"}, 'question': {'Which country invaded Afghanistan on 24 December, 1979?'}}

['soviets' 'soviet' 'soviet union']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] The Lake Erie Islands Directory - Middle Bass IslandLake Erie Island Sites [PAR] \xa0\xa0\xa0 [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] And take a look at " How Many Islands are There in Lake Erie? " (PDF, 65K), which contains a quick overview of the natural and artificial islands in Lake Erie.\xa0 [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Welcome top [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Welcome to The Lake Erie Islands Directory page. Here, we provide links to all the sites for the islands, plus links to pictures for those islands without sites. In addition, if you click on the Site Map Page 1 and Site Map Page 2 links on the left edge of the page, you will find even more links to island information. And there is a separate Lake Erie Islands - Live News Feed page. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] For tourist information on the area, one good link to start with is the Ottawa County Visitor\'s Bureau - Lake Erie Islands Region site. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] In addition to the information here, there are numerous historical biographies of 19th Century Lake Erie Islanders listed separately. Also see our new Ottawa County Directory . [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] We also have a page of Lake Erie Islands Humor . [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Last but not least, we have a directory of other Great Lakes islands and "northern" islands sites, so take a look. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Lake Erie Island Sites and Pictures top [PAR] The term "Lake Erie Islands" usually refers just to the Bass Islands (North, Middle and South) and the smaller islands near them, together sometimes called the Bass Islands Archipelago. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] But the following list includes all islands normally considered to be in Lake Erie. Of all the Ohio islands below, only Gard Island, Mohawk Island, Turtle Island, Presque Isle and West Sister Island, plus the three Michigan islands listed without images, are more than ten miles from one of the Bass Islands. Also, Johnson Island is really in Sandusky Bay and not in Lake Erie, but is normally included in a list of the Lake Erie Islands. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Late Summer Lake Erie Cruise - August, 2002 [PAR] Little Sister Island (Ontario) - No pictures available yet [PAR] Long Point Island (Ontario) - This was a separate island in the middle of the nineteenth century, as shown on numerous maps of the period, but is now connected to the mainland at Long Point, near Port Rowan and Port Dover. [PAR] Lost Ballast Island \xa0 (Ohio) ~ 1905, now just a reef visible above the water [PAR] Michigan Islands in Lake Erie - Gard Island Images are listed above. However, we are missing several islands listed below. If anyone has pictures or links for those, please send us information. [PAR] Indian Island (there\'s actually an aerial picture of Indian Island on the satellite map showing Gard Island , but until we get a better picture, we won\'t list this separately.) [PAR] Stony Point Island [PAR] Middle Bass Island (Ohio) \xa0 top \xa0\xa0\xa0 shortcut: www.mbi.co or you can just type mbi.co [PAR] \xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 [PAR] 2 Aerial Views Taken September 1, 2008 [PAR] Rock Island (Ontario) - This small island, not much more than a shoal the size of the Chicken Islands, is about six miles east of Mohawk Island near Port Colborne. No pictures are available. [PAR] Southeast Shoal Lighthouse This lighthouse sits on an artificial island built on a shoal. Six miles off Point Pelee, the first permanent light on the shoal was built in 1927 when a large crib fabricated in Kingsville was floated out, sunk and filled with rock. Note the helicopter pad on the roof. Before the lighthouse was built, ships were protected by the Southeastern Shoal Lightship.\xa0 [PAR] Starve Island (Reef) (Ohio) - near the southeastern corner of South Bass Island[DOC] [TLE] Lake Erie - Ice FishingLake Erie - Ice Fishing [PAR] Lake Erie [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Lake Erie [PAR] Ice fishing on Lake Erie is not as well known as some other lakes but is still great because, unlike the'}, 'question': {'Where are the islands called Big Chicken, Chick, Hen, East Sister, Middle and Mohawk?'}}

['lake erie']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] the Chronicles of narnia: the Lion, the witch and the wardrobeThe Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe Movie Review (2005) | Roger Ebert [PAR] Tweet [PAR] C. S. Lewis, who wrote the Narnia books, and J.R.R. Tolkien, who wrote the Ring trilogy, were friends who taught at Oxford at the same time, were pipe-smokers, drank in the same pub, took Christianity seriously, but although Lewis loved Tolkein’s universe, the affection was not returned. Well, no wonder. When you’ve created your own universe, how do you feel when, in the words of a poem by e. e. cummings:: "Listen: there\'s a hell/of a good universe next door; let\'s go." [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Tolkien\'s universe was in unspecified Middle Earth, but Lewis\' really was next door. In the opening scenes of "The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe," two brothers and two sisters from the Pevensie family are evacuated from London and sent to live in a vast country house where they will be safe from the nightly Nazi air raids. Playing hide-and-seek, Lucy, the youngest, ventures into a wardrobe that opens directly onto a snowy landscape where before long Mr. Tumnus is explaining to her that he is a faun. [PAR] Fauns, like leprechauns, are creatures in the public domain, unlike Hobbits, who are under copyright. There are mythological creatures in Narnia, but most of the speaking roles go to humans like the White Witch (if indeed she is human) and animals who would be right at home in the zoo (if indeed they are animals). The kids are from a tradition which requires that British children be polite and well-spoken, no doubt because Lewis preferred them that way. What is remarkable is that this bookish bachelor who did not marry until he was nearly 60 would create four children so filled with life and pluck. [PAR] That\'s the charm of the Narnia stories: They contain magic and myth, but their mysteries are resolved not by the kinds of rabbits that Tolkien pulls out of his hat, but by the determination and resolve of the Pevensie kids -- who have a good deal of help, to be sure, from Aslan the Lion. For those who read the Lewis books as a Christian parable, Aslan fills the role of Christ because he is resurrected from the dead. I don\'t know if that makes the White Witch into Satan, but Tilda Swinton plays the role as if she has not ruled out the possibility. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] The adventures that Lucy has in Narnia, at first by herself, then with her brother Edmund and finally with the older Peter and Susan, are the sorts of things that might happen in any British forest, always assuming fauns, lions and witches can be found there, as I am sure they can. Only toward the end of this film do the special effects ramp up into spectacular extravaganzas that might have caused Lewis to snap his pipe stem. [PAR] It is the witch who has kept Narnia in frigid cold for a century, no doubt because she is descended from Aberdeen landladies. Under the rules, Tumnus ( James McAvoy ) is supposed to deliver Lucy ( Georgie Henley ) to the witch forthwith, but fauns are not heavy hitters, and he takes mercy. Lucy returns to the country house and pops out of the wardrobe, where no time at all has passed and no one will believe her story. Edmund ( Skandar Keynes ) follows her into the wardrobe that evening and is gob-smacked by the White Witch, who proposes to make him a prince. [PAR] But Peter ( William Moseley ) and Susan ( Anna Popplewell ) don’t believe Lucy until all four children tumble through the wardrobe into Narnia. They meet the first of the movie\'s CGI-generated characters, Mr. and Mrs. Beaver (voices by Ray Winstone and Dawn French ), who invite them into their home, which is delightfully cozy for being made of largish sticks. The Beavers explain the Narnian situation to them, just before an attack by computerized wolves whose'}, 'question': {'"What was the name of the lion in ""The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe"", a 2005 film based on the ""Narnia"" books by C S Lewis?"'}}

['aslan']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Legion of Merit awarded to the one who killed 290 ...Legion of Merit awarded to the one who killed 290 passengers of Iran Air flight 655 - Khamenei.ir [PAR] Khamenei.ir [PAR] Legion of Merit awarded to the one who killed 290 passengers of Iran Air flight 655 [PAR] Nov 4, 2015 [PAR] U.S. Navy Capt. Will C. Rogers III was awarded Legion of Merit for his Persian Gulf operations which included the 1988 shooting down of an Iranian civilian airliner killing the 290 innocent people on board. [PAR] By Mojtaba Ahmadi* [PAR] On July 3, 1988, Iran Air Flight 655, a civilian airliner with 290 passengers and crew on board left Tehran for Dubai; it never arrived at its destination. [PAR] Flight 655 had a stopover at Bandar Abbas, a beautiful costal city on Iran’s Persian Gulf. On that hot summer day, after a delay of about 27 minutes, veteran pilot Captain Mohsen Rezaian \xa0departed Bandar Abbas airport at 10:17 in the morning with Airbus A300B2 of Flight 655, heading towards Dubai. The flight would have arrived at the airport in Dubai in 28 minutes, had a terrible human tragedy not occurred. [PAR] The itinerary of Iran Air Flight 655 and the location of the shootdown [PAR] The Iranian civilian airliner was transmitting the correct transponder "squawk" code typical of a civilian aircraft, while maintaining radio contact in English with appropriate air traffic control facilities. The same morning, the USS Vincennes, a US Ticonderoga-class guided missile cruiser equipped with the Aegis combat system, was passing through the Strait of Hormuz in the Persian Gulf. The cruiser was commanded to serve the interests of the United States Navy in the Persian Gulf from July 1985 to June 2005. [PAR] Captain [Mohsen] Rezaian of Iran Air was calmly reporting to Bandar Abbas that he had reached his first checkpoint crossing the gulf. He heard none of the Vincennes\'s warnings. His four radio bands were taken up with air-control chatter. "Have a nice day," the tower radioed. "Thank you, good day," replied the pilot. It was only thirty seconds later, when\xa0the first missile blew the left wing off his aircraft\xa0(1). [PAR] Feeling the need to prove the viability of Aegis (the sophisticated anti-aircraft system on the cruiser), the Vincennes shot down the Iranian civilian airbus, even though it had clearly been identified as a civilian aircraft and had transmitted the correct transponder, flying in the correct route. The 290 innocent passengers and crew, including 66 children, were all killed (2). [PAR] Cruiser USS VINCENNES (CG 49) launching a Missile from its deck. The same rocket was used to down the Iran Air passenger aircraft [PAR] U.S. Navy Capt. Will C. Rogers III, the captain of the USS Vincennes was commanded to stay in a position where the cruiser could monitor the movement of the Iranian gunboats. While the Vincennes shot down Iran Air flight 655, on the pretext of it being "four miles outside of the standard commercial flight path from Bandar Abbas airport in Iran to Dubai, in the United Arab Emirates, records show that the Vincennes was actually inside of Iran\'s territorial waters, not forty miles south (where the ship had been ordered by fleet headquarters to stay) as Rogers and government reports had claimed” (3). \xa0Moreover, “Flight 655 was directly inside of its commercial flight path, not four miles outside of it--as Rogers and the Vincennes crew also claimed.” (3) [PAR] Bodies of innocent passengers killed by the USS Vincennes under the water in the Persian Gulf [PAR] David Carlson, who at the time was the commander of a nearby U.S. vessel, wrote in the U.S. Naval Proceedings that he “wondered aloud in disbelief” as the Vincennes announced her intentions to attack what was clearly a civilian aircraft (2). A skipper of the frigate USS Sides, which monitored the jet\'s downing, also said "My guess was that the crew of the Vincennes felt a need to prove the viability of Aegis in the Persian Gulf, and that they hankered for an opportunity to show their stuff" (4). [PAR] “Admiral William Crowe, former chairman'}, 'question': {'In 1988, 290 people were killed when an Iranian airliner was shot down by a ship belonging to what navy?'}}

['united states']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Sherpas & Gurkhas are native to which country ...Sherpas & Gurkhas are native to which country ? - Quizonaire - General Knowledge - 14 - YouTube [PAR] Sherpas & Gurkhas are native to which country ? - Quizonaire - General Knowledge - 14 [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on May 6, 2012 [PAR] Skip to next question: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wnqRjt... [PAR] Sherpas & Gurkhas are native to which country ? [PAR] A. Nepal [PAR] Go to previous question: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vBWCif... [PAR] Category [PAR] When autoplay is enabled, a suggested video will automatically play next. [PAR] Up next [PAR] The Gurkhas - Full Documentry - Duration: 58:47. Seagame Kohking 865,992 views [PAR] 58:47 [PAR] Indian Army Hell March 2017 ((Must Watch)) - Duration: 3:46. Herron Wask 3,039,116 views [PAR] 3:46 [PAR] Loksewa Nepal Lession General Knowledge (GK) Short Cut Tricks To Remember - Duration: 12:35. LokSewa Nepal [GK IQ] 22,629 views [PAR] 12:35[DOC] [TLE] Sherpas - Introduction, Location, Language, Folklore ...Sherpas - Introduction, Location, Language, Folklore, Religion, Major holidays, Rites of passage [PAR] Sherpas [PAR] LANGUAGE: Sherpa (or Sherpali); Nepali [PAR] RELIGION: Nyingmapa sect of Buddhism [PAR] 1 • INTRODUCTION [PAR] The Sherpas are a tribe of Tibetan origin who occupy the high valleys around the base of Mount Everest in northeastern Nepal. In the Tibetan language, Shar Pa means "people who live in the east," and over time this descriptive term has come to identify the Sherpa community. [PAR] According to Sherpa tradition, the tribe migrated to Nepal from the Kham region of eastern Tibet over a thousand years ago. Historians, however, suggest that the Sherpas were nomadic herders who were driven out of their original homeland in eastern Tibet by warlike peoples sometime between the twelfth and fifteenth centuries [PAR] AD [PAR] . They migrated to the area around Tingri, but conflict with the local inhabitants caused them to move on in search of new pastures. They crossed the Himalayas and settled peacefully in their present homeland in northeastern Nepal. [PAR] 2 • LOCATION [PAR] The current Sherpa population is estimated to be around 45,000 people. They mainly live in the Khumbu and Solu Khumbu regions that lie to the south of Mount Everest. Sherpas also live to the east of this area in Kulung. In addition, Sherpas inhabit the valleys of the Dudh Kosi and Rolwaling Rivers west of Solu-Khumbu, and they are also found in the Lantang-Helambu region north of Kathmandu. Kathmandu itself has a sizable Sherpa population, while small numbers of Sherpas can be found throughout Nepal, even in the Terai. Sherpa communities are also present in the Indian state of Sikkim and the hill towns of Darjiling and Kalimpong. The Sherpas are small in stature, relatively fair in complexion, with the distinctive facial features associated with peoples of Tibetan origin. [PAR] The Sherpas live on the flanks of the hill masses that jut south into Nepal from the crestline of the high Himalayas. Rivers such as the Dudh Kosi and Bhote Kosi have carved deep gorges into the mountains, leaving a complex terrain of steep ridges and narrow valleys. Wherever Sherpas are found, their settlements lie at the highest elevations of any human habitation. In Khumbu, their villages are found between 10,000 to 14,000 feet (approximately 3,000 and 4,300 meters). Winters at this altitude are severe, with snow covering the ground between November and February. No work can be done in the open. Most able-bodied Sherpas descend to lower elevations for the winter, leaving only the elderly in the villages. February sees the onset of spring, with warming temperatures and clear skies. People return to their villages for the New Year festival in late February, and the next three months are spent preparing fields and sowing crops.'}, 'question': {'Sherpas and Gurkhas are native to which country?'}}

['nepal']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Ragnar FrischRagnar Anton Kittil Frisch (3 March 1895 – 31 January 1973) was a Norwegian economist and the co-recipient of the first Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1969 (with Jan Tinbergen). He is known for having founded the discipline of econometrics, and for coining the widely used term pair macroeconomics/microeconomics in 1933. [PAR] Frisch was appointed by the King-in-Council as Professor of Economics and Statistics at the Faculty of Law, The Royal Frederick University in 1931. He served as the Dean of the Faculty of Law 1942–1943. Today, the Frisch Centre at the University of Oslo is named in his honour. [PAR] Biography [PAR] Family and education [PAR] Ragnar Frisch[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1969/frisch-autobio.html Frisch, Ragnar, "Autobiography"], published in Nobel Lectures, Economics 1969–1980, Editor Assar Lindbeck, World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore, 1992 was born on 3 March 1895 in Christiania as the son of gold- and silversmith Anton Frisch and Ragna Fredrikke Frisch (née Kittilsen). The Frisch family had emigrated from Germany to Kongsberg in Norway in the 17th century and his ancestors had worked for the Kongsberg Silver Mines for generations; Ragnar\'s grandfather Antonius Frisch had become a goldsmith in Christiania in 1856. His family had thus worked with precious metals like silver and gold for at least 300 years. [PAR] Being expected to continue his family business, Frisch became an apprentice in the David Andersen workshop in Oslo. However, at his mother\'s advice, while doing his apprenticeship Frisch also started studying at the Royal Frederick University. His chosen topic was economics, as it seemed to be "the shortest and easiest study" available at the university, and passed his degree in 1919. In 1920 he also passed his handicraftsman tests and became a partner in his father\'s workshop. [PAR] Early career and further education [PAR] In 1921 Frisch received a fellowship from the university which enabled him to spend three years studying economics and mathematics in France and England. After his return to Norway, in 1923, although the family\'s business was having difficulties, he continued his scientific activity, believing that research, not jewellery, was his real calling.Olav Bjerkholt (2000), "A turning point in the development of Norwegian economics – the establishment of the University Institute of Economics in 1932". Memorandum No 36/2000, University of Oslo He published a few papers about probability theory, started teaching at the University of Oslo during 1925 and, in 1926, he obtained the Dr. Philos. degree with a thesis in mathematical statistics. [PAR] Also in 1926, Frisch published an article outlining his view that economics should follow the same path towards theoretical and empirical quantization that other sciences, especially physics, had followed. During the same year, he published his seminal article "Sur un problème d\'économie pure" starting the implementation of his own quantization programme. The article offered theoretical axiomatizations which result in a precise specification of both ordinal and cardinal utility, followed by an empirical estimation of the cardinal specification. Frisch also started lecturing a course on production theory, introducing a mathematization of the subject. [PAR] Frisch received a fellowship from the Rockefeller Foundation to visit the United States in 1927. There, seeking other economists interested in the new mathematical and statistical approaches to economics, he associated with Irving Fisher, Wesley Clair Mitchell, Allyn Young and Henry Schultz. He wrote a paper analyzing the role of investment in explaining economic fluctuations. Wesley Mitchell, who had just written a book on business cycles, popularized Frisch\'s paper which was introducing new advanced methods. [PAR] Later career [PAR] Although his fellowship was extended to travel to Italy and France, the next year Frisch had to return to Norway because of his father\'s death. He spent one year to modernize and recapitalize his family\'s workshop by selling family assets and to find a jeweller to manage the business for him. Then he resumed academic work, in 1928 being appointed Associate Professor of statistics and economics at the Oslo University. During 1927 and 1928 Frisch published a series of articles on the statistics of time series. In 1929 he published his first important essay on econometric methodology, "Correlation'}, 'question': {'What word, invented by Pawe Ciompa in 1910 and first used by Ragnar Frisch in the sense that it is used today, is concerned with developing and applying quantitative or statistical methods to the study and elucidation of economic principles, combining economic theory with statistics to analyse and test economic relationships?'}}

['econometrics' 'econometric']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] FORTRAN And COBOL Languages: Are They Obsolete ...FORTRAN And COBOL Languages: Are They Obsolete? - Programming - Nigeria [PAR] FORTRAN And COBOL Languages: Are They Obsolete? by ishmael (m): 9:02am On Jun 02, 2006 [PAR] Some one was describing FORTRAN and COBOL programming languages as archaic and obsolete; but i later on discovered on the internet that people still make use of them, and they have been undergoing reviews to meet up with 5th generation programming languages. [PAR] I discovered on the internet that there is an object-oriented FORTRAN version that allows you program just like visual basic. Please I need to hear from you guys about this object-oriented FORTRAN version and the latest COBOL version. [PAR] Re: FORTRAN And COBOL Languages: Are They Obsolete? by nairamar (m): 9:55am On Jun 02, 2006 [PAR] You haven't stated what your interest is, so I assuming that you are considering a learning/career path. [PAR] In that case, I would like to share my experience; usually I have come across FORTRAN/COBOL programmes when undertaking a migration from a legacy application to a more distributed one. Legacy apps are usually mainframe ones and are considered too rigid for today's dynamic use. [PAR] It may be a good associated skill but, it will be plain suicide to hedge your bets with such a small arena. Another thought is the demand will be more in demand in self build mainframe markets like eastern Europe and defence related markets, even they are gradually moving to more maintainable architectures based either on UNIX or even Linux. [PAR] The only guys I know who have experience in FORTRAN/COBOL are 55yrs plus and only get work on highly security-classified system they worked on when in their 30yrs ! [PAR] On the other hand there might be a Renaissance! [PAR] Enjoy! [PAR] Re: FORTRAN And COBOL Languages: Are They Obsolete? by Seun (m): 10:55am On Jun 02, 2006 [PAR] It's easier to get free assistance from others on popular programming languages like PHP, Java, C++, C# and Visual Basic .net because there are so many people who use them. If you get stuck with COBOL or FORTRAN who is going to help you out? If you write your company's software with COBOL or FORTRAN where will you get good programmers to maintain the software for you? They'll be more expensive! [PAR] Re: FORTRAN And COBOL Languages: Are They Obsolete? by ishmael (m): 12:26pm On Jun 02, 2006 [PAR] pls i need to know if FORTRAN and COBOL languages are archiac and obsolete languages. I discovered recently on the internet that there is an object-oriented version of FORTRAN now and a reviewed COBOL version. Pls i need to hear from u guys if these languages are still useful to us. Do people really use them to develop applications presently, compared to the more recent languages available? [PAR] Re: FORTRAN And COBOL Languages: Are They Obsolete? by dakmanzero (m): 3:16pm On Jun 02, 2006 [PAR] If you use any imperative procedural language, you are already a fortran user! [PAR] This applies to people who program in vb (pre dotnet) or c. Or even to pseudo-object oriented languages like c++. [PAR] this is because fortran is simply a subset of the lexicon of modern imperative languages- it was the first imperative language created. [PAR] thus it is useless in today's world, cimply because it exists in so many advanced forms. Choose one of the advanced forms for practical use, and study fortran as an academic excercise. Fortran is an excellent introduction to procedural programming because, unlike the others, it does not railroad you into a particular way of thinking. [PAR] COBOL should, similarly, be the father of declarative languages, but today's declarative languages are so far removed from it that it cannot be approached in the same way. In many ways cobol is obsolete because the things it does are done so much better by today's rdbms packages and pseudo-imperative query languages. However because it is so far removed from modern languages, a lot of legacy code exists in cobol that cannot"}, 'question': {'Cobol, Basic and Fortran are types of what?'}}

['programming languages' 'programming language']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] How are Points Scored in Football? (with pictures) - wiseGEEKHow are Points Scored in Football? (with pictures) [PAR] Law [PAR] How are Points Scored in Football? [PAR] Originally Written By: Leo J [PAR] Revised By: A. Joseph [PAR] Last Modified Date: 18 December 2016 [PAR] Copyright Protected: [PAR] Adorable animal families that will make you "aww" [PAR] There are three main ways for a team to score points in American football: by carrying the ball across the opponent\'s goal line, by possessing the ball or tackling an opposing ballcarrier in the opponent\'s end zone or by kicking the ball through the opponent\'s goalposts. It also is possible for a team to score points under certain circumstances when the opponent commits a penalty in its own end zone or fumbles the ball out of bounds in its own end zone. Each way of scoring has a name and is worth a specific number of points. A touchdown is worth six points, a field goal is worth three points, a safety usually is worth two points, and a try is worth either one or two points. [PAR] Touchdowns [PAR] A touchdown is scored when a player has possession of the football and it crosses the opposing team\'s goal line or when a player gains possession of the ball in the opponent\'s end zone. When the ball is possessed in the field of play, any part of the ball touching an imaginary plane over the goal line results in a touchdown. For example, a player who is being tackled near the goal line can reach out with the ball and score a touchdown if it crosses the goal line before the player is down. When a player who is already in the end zone gains possession of the ball, such as catching a pass or recovering a fumble, it is a touchdown as long as the player was legally in bounds when he gained possession of the ball. [PAR] Tries [PAR] After a touchdown, the scoring team is given one play to score again from near the goal line. This is called a try and is worth one or two points, depending on how the team scores. At most levels of football, kicking the ball through the goalposts on a try— called an extra-point kick or point-after-touchdown (PAT) — is worth one point, and running or passing the ball into the end zone is worth two points and usually is called a two-point conversion. [PAR] In some leagues, such as those for youth players, the points awarded for tries are switched, because kicking the ball through the goalposts is considered to be a more difficult task for young players. Other leagues might award one point for a run and two for a pass. At many levels, it also is possible for the defensive team to score a two-point conversion by gaining possession of the ball on a try attempt and carrying the ball into the opponent\'s end zone. [PAR] Field Goals [PAR] If the team that has the ball — the offense — does not score a touchdown, it might be able to kick a field goal. This is the same as an extra-point kick but usually is from a greater distance. A team usually will attempt a field goals only after exhausting its chances to score a touchdown while still in possession of the ball. One exception is when the team is trailing by three points or less near the end of the game. For example, in the final minute of a game that is tied, the offensive team might not try to score a touchdown if it already is close enough to attempt a relatively easy field goal. [PAR] Safeties [PAR] A safety is the least common scoring play in football, and it usually is scored by the team that does not have possession of the ball — the defense. It occurs when an offensive player who has the ball is tackled or goes out of bounds in the offense\'s own end zone, when a ball that was fumbled or batted by a team goes out of bounds in its own end zone or when the offensive team commits a penalty in its own end zone. It is not a safety, however, if a player gains possession of the football'}, 'question': {'How many points are scored for a touchdown in American football?'}}

['six' '6']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] North America - ZimbioNorth America - Zimbio [PAR] North America [PAR] (Source: Getty Images) [PAR] Overview [PAR] A community portal about North America with blogs, videos, and photos. According to Wikipedia.org: North America is a continent in the Earth's northern hemisphere and almost fully in the western hemisphere. It is bordered on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the east by the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southeast by the Caribbean Sea, and on the... more [PAR] A community portal about North America with blogs, videos, and photos. According to Wikipedia.org: North America is a continent in the Earth's northern hemisphere and almost fully in the western hemisphere. It is bordered on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the east by the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southeast by the Caribbean Sea, and on the south and west by the North Pacific Ocean ; South America lies to the southeast, connected to North America by the isthmus of Panama. It covers an area of about 24,490,000 km, or about 4.8% of the planet's surface. As of October 2006, its population was estimated at over 514,600,000. It is the third-largest continent in area, after Asia and Africa, and is fourth in population after Asia, Africa, and Europe. [PAR] Featured Stories[DOC] [TLE] North America - North America Political Map - ZONU.COMNorth America - North America Political Map [PAR] North America Political Map [PAR] Monterrey Map [PAR] North America is the northern continent of the Americas, situated in the Earth's northern hemisphere and in the western hemisphere. It is bordered on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the east by the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southeast by the Caribbean Sea, and on the west by the North Pacific Ocean; South America lies to the southeast. North America covers an area of about 24,709,000 square kilometers (9,540,000 square miles), about 4.8% of the planet's surface or about 16.5% of its land area. As of July 2008, its population was estimated at nearly 529 million people. It is the third-largest continent in area, following Asia and Africa, and the fourth in population after Asia, Africa, and Europe. [PAR] Source:\xa0[DOC] [TLE] North America - Eric Flint Wiki - WikiaNorth America | Eric Flint Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Share [PAR] North America as modernly defined. [PAR] North America is a continent in the Earth's northern hemisphere and almost fully in the western hemisphere. It is bordered on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the east by the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southeast by the Caribbean Sea, and on the south and west by the North Pacific Ocean; South America lies to the southeast, connected to North America by the isthmus of Panama. [PAR] North America covers an area of about 24,709,000 square kilometers (9,540,000 square miles), about 4.8% of the planet's surface or about 16.5% of its land area. As of July 2008, its population was estimated at nearly 529 million people across 23 independent states, representing about 7.5% of the human population. Most of the continent's land area is dominated by Canada , the United States , and Mexico, while smaller states exist in the Central American and Caribbean regions. North America is the third largest continent by area, following Asia and Africa, and the fourth by population after Asia, Africa, and Europe. [PAR] The large island of Greenland is generally considered to be part of North America, as are the islands in the Caribbean Sea. [PAR] North America in 1632[DOC] [TLE] Atlas of North America - Wikimedia CommonsAtlas of North America - Wikimedia Commons [PAR] Atlas of North America [PAR] The introductions of the country, dependency and region entries are in the native languages and in English. The other introductions are in English. [PAR] Atlas of North America [PAR] North America [PAR] North America is a continent in the Earth's northern hemisphere and almost fully in the western hemisphere. It is bordered on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the east by the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southeast by the Caribbean Sea, and on the south and west by the North Pacific Ocean; South America lies"}, 'question': {'What continent is bordered on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the east by the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southeast by the Caribbean Sea, and on the west by the North Pacific Ocean?'}}

['north america']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Cyrus the Great | Short BiographyCyrus the Great | Short Biography [PAR] Cyrus the Great [PAR] Posted in Biograhpy by admin [PAR] Who was Cyrus the Great? Short biograhpy. Cyrus the Great history, pictures and videos. Cyrus the Great facts, birthday and Life Story… [PAR] Cyrus the Great (6th century BC) – First Persian king (560-529 BC) [PAR] There is always something romantic and exciting about the great Persian empire of bygone days, and none of its rulers was more fascinating than the first one, Cyrus, who built up an enormous empire and laid down excellent principles for governing it. First, he conquered many neighbouring kingdoms, Lydia, Media and then Babylon, which he overthrew in 539. In the last city he found the exiled Hebrews imprisoned by Nebuchadrezzar 11 (p. 12) half a century earlier and allowed them to go home to Judah if they so wished. [PAR] By 530, Persia was the largest empire in the world. Then Cyrus began the process of allowing the conquered regions considerable powers of self-government, which was to be a characteristic of Persian imperial policy for many generations. It was a good way to hold together an empire of greatly differing peoples and customs. [PAR] Tragically, Cyrus was killed in 529, during a skirmish with the Massagetae, a barbarous race living east of the Caspian Sea. [PAR] Cyrus the Great[DOC] [TLE] The Persian EmpireThe Persian Empire [PAR] The Persian Empire (559 - 330 B.C.) [PAR] Egypt, Babylonia, and Assyria were many centuries old when the mountain-walled plateau region south of the Caspian Sea was settled by a nomadic people from the grasslands of Central Asia in approximately 1000 BC. Although the newcomers called themselves Irani (Aryans) and their new homeland Irania (now Iran), the land came to be called Persia, because Greek geographers mistakenly named it after the province Pars, or Persis, where their early kings had their capital. [PAR] The early Persians and their close relatives, the Medes, resembled the Semite peoples of the Middle East, but they spoke a different language. While the Semites spoke various Semitic languages, such as Arabic, Hebrew, and Assyrian, the languages of the Persians and Medes were Indo-Iranian\x97that is, they belonged to a group of languages that is more closely related to modern-day European languages than to Semitic tongues. Although both the Medes and Persians had worshiped nature gods, in the 6th century BC they began to follow the teachings of the prophet Zoroaster [PAR] The Achaemenian Dynasty (559-330 BC) [PAR] By the 6th century BC, the Medes had built a large empire that included the Persians to the east and the Assyrians to the west. However, in 550 BC Cyrus the Great of Persia conquered the Medes, acquiring Assyria in the process, which the Median King Cyarxes had taken in about 612 BC. The formidable armies of Cyrus battled their way to more victories, notably the conquest of Lydia, then ruled by King Croesus (see Croesus). This victory gave Cyrus possession of the Greek seaboard cities of Asia Minor. In 539 BC Babylon, capital of the Chaldean Empire, surrendered to Cyrus without a fight; in conquering Babylon, Cyrus also acquired Palestine. He allowed the Jews to return from Babylonian exile and rebuild their temple in Jerusalem. Turning eastward, Cyrus expanded his empire to the border of India. He was killed fighting against eastern nomads in 529 BC and was buried in a tomb he had prepared at his capital, Pasargadae. [PAR] Cyrus' son Cambyses II, who ruled from 529 to 522 BC, successfully crossed the hostile Sinai Peninsula on his way to conquering Egypt in a short campaign. After his death, the crown of Persia was seized in 522 BC by Darius. [PAR] Under Darius, the Persian Empire flourished. His most notable accomplishment was perfecting the system of government begun by Cyrus. The empire was divided into 20 satrapies, or provinces, each ruled over by a satrap. Officials known as the king's eyes made regular visits to the satrapies and reported their observations to the king. The satrapies furnished soldiers for the king's armies. Phoenicia, Egypt, and the Greek colonies of Asia"}, 'question': {'In the 6th century BC, where was the empire of Cyrus the Great?'}}

['persia' 'iran']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Benjamin FranklinBenjamin Franklin ( - April 17, 1790) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. A renowned polymath, Franklin was a leading author, printer, political theorist, politician, freemason, postmaster, scientist, inventor, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat. As a scientist, he was a major figure in the American Enlightenment and the history of physics for his discoveries and theories regarding electricity. As an inventor, he is known for the lightning rod, bifocals, and the Franklin stove, among other inventions. He facilitated many civic organizations, including Philadelphia\'s fire department and a university. [PAR] Franklin earned the title of "The First American" for his early and indefatigable campaigning for colonial unity, initially as an author and spokesman in London for several colonies. As the first United States Ambassador to France, he exemplified the emerging American nation. Franklin was foundational in defining the American ethos as a marriage of the practical values of thrift, hard work, education, community spirit, self-governing institutions, and opposition to authoritarianism both political and religious, with the scientific and tolerant values of the Enlightenment. In the words of historian Henry Steele Commager, "In a Franklin could be merged the virtues of Puritanism without its defects, the illumination of the Enlightenment without its heat." To Walter Isaacson, this makes Franklin "the most accomplished American of his age and the most influential in inventing the type of society America would become." [PAR] Franklin became a successful newspaper editor and printer in Philadelphia, the leading city in the colonies, publishing the Pennsylvania Gazette at the age of 23. He became wealthy publishing this and Poor Richard\'s Almanack, which he authored under the pseudonym "Richard Saunders". After 1767, he was associated with the Pennsylvania Chronicle, a newspaper that was known for its revolutionary sentiments and criticisms of the British policies. [PAR] He pioneered and was first president of the The Academy and College of Philadelphia which opened in 1751 and later became the University of Pennsylvania. He organised and was the first secretary of the American Philosophical Society and was elected president in 1769. Franklin became a national hero in America when, as an agent for several colonies, he spearheaded an effort in London to have the Parliament of Great Britain repeal the unpopular Stamp Act. An accomplished diplomat, he was widely admired among the French as American minister to Paris and was a major figure in the development of positive Franco-American relations. His efforts to secure support for the American Revolution by shipments of crucial munitions proved vital for the American war effort. [PAR] He was promoted to deputy postmaster-general for the British colonies in 1753, having been Philadelphia postmaster for many years, and this enabled him to set up the first national communications network. After the Revolution he became the first US Postmaster General. He was active in community affairs, colonial and state politics, as well as national and international affairs. From 1785 to 1788, he served as governor of Pennsylvania. Although he initially owned and dealt in slaves, by the 1750s he argued against slavery from an economic perspective and became one of the most prominent abolitionists. [PAR] His colorful life and legacy of scientific and political achievement, and status as one of America\'s most influential Founding Fathers, have seen Franklin honored on coinage and the $100 bill; warships; the names of many towns; counties; educational institutions; corporations; and, more than two centuries after his death, countless cultural references. [PAR] Early life in Boston [PAR] Benjamin Franklin was born on Milk Street, in Boston, Massachusetts, on January 17, 1706,Contemporary records, which used the Julian calendar and the Annunciation Style of enumerating years, recorded his birth as January 6, 1705. The provisions of the British Calendar (New Style) Act 1750, implemented in 1752, altered the official British dating method to the Gregorian calendar with the start of the year on January 1 (it had been March 25). These changes resulted in dates being moved forward 11 days, and for those between January 1 and March 25, an advance of one year. For a further explanation'}, 'question': {'Benjamin Franklin is usually credited with the creation of the first pair of what items of optical equipment in the early 1760s?'}}

['bifocals']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] I Vow To Thee My Country Sheet Music/Score - Gustav Holst ...I Vow To Thee My Country Sheet Music - Gustav Holst. Print Piano [PAR] I Vow To Thee My Country Sheet Music [PAR] also known as Theme from Jupiter (The Planets) Sheet Music [PAR] Artist and Writer: Gustav Holst [PAR] I Vow To Thee My Country is a British patriotic hymn and was written by Cecil Spring-Rice in 1918 after World War I. The melody of I vow to thee my country is also known as the slow middle section of “Jupiter” from The Planets Suite by English composer Gustav Holst. The music of Jupiter was added to the poem in 1920. Jupiter, completed in 1914 is just one of the seven “planets” featured in Holst’s The Planets Suite. Pluto, the eighth planet was added following Gustav Holst’s death as he was not interested in composing it. It wasn’t until 2000 that Pluto was written and performed and subsequently added to The Planets Suite. Although Holst didn’t consider it his best work, The Planets Suite was his most popular contribution to classical music. [PAR] I vow to thee my country/Jupiter has also been used many times in film and television music. The Proms Concert in the United Kingdom has featured The Planets Suite and has been used frequently in pop music (Charlotte Church), and marching bands in many countries. Not surprisingly, I vow to thee my country was used as the basis for “The World in Union”, the official anthem of the 2003 Rugby World Cup. [PAR] This piece was also played by Jo Brand on the BBC\'s 2007 program Play It Again [PAR] Included below you will find our String Quartet arrangements of I Vow To Thee My Country. The individual instrumental parts are included in the purchase of the full score of I Vow To Thee My Country. You are of course able to preview the full score as well as the individual parts.[DOC] [TLE] Gustav Holst - I Vow Thee, My Country - Download freeI Vow Thee, My Country | Free Music [PAR] Music Education [PAR] I Vow Thee, My Country [PAR] I Vow to Thee, My Country\xa0is a\xa0British\xa0patriotic song on a poem by Sir Cecil Spring, written\xa0in 1921. Holst adapted the music from a section of\xa0Jupiter,\xa0from his suite\xa0The Planets,\xa0to create a setting for the poem. The melody was slightly extended so as to fit the words correctly. At the request of the publisher, he\xa0made a version as a unison song with orchestra.\xa0This was probably first performed in 1921 and became a common element at\xa0Armistice\xa0memorial ceremonies, especially after it was published as ... more I Vow to Thee, My Country\xa0is a\xa0British\xa0patriotic song on a poem by Sir Cecil Spring, written\xa0in 1921. Holst adapted the music from a section of\xa0Jupiter,\xa0from his suite\xa0The Planets,\xa0to create a setting for the poem. The melody was slightly extended so as to fit the words correctly. At the request of the publisher, he\xa0made a version as a unison song with orchestra.\xa0This was probably first performed in 1921 and became a common element at\xa0Armistice\xa0memorial ceremonies, especially after it was published as a hymn in 1926.\xa0Holst\'s daughter\xa0Imogen\xa0recorded that at "the time when he was asked to set these words to music, Holst was so over-worked and over-weary that he felt relieved to discover they \'fitted\' the tune from\xa0Jupiter". less [PAR] This piece contains the following parts: [PAR] \xa0[DOC] [TLE] Gustav Holst - I Vow to Thee, My Country - Sheet Music ...Gustav Holst - I Vow to Thee, My Country - Sheet Music from Presto Classical [PAR] Five Part Saxophone Ensemble; Score and Parts [PAR] Sheet Music; De Haske Publications [PAR] Jupiter Hymn is a beautiful, easy-to-play arrangement from the wonderful fourth movement of the seven-part orchestral suite The Planets by Gustav Holst: Jupiter, the Bringer of Jollity. Holst took inspiration for this suite—one of his best-known works'}, 'question': {'"The hymn ""I vow to thee, my country"" was set by Gustav Host to which of his ""The Planets"" suite?"'}}

['jupiter']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Homeopathy, the free consultancy clinic in Lahore ...Homeopathy, the free consultancy clinic in Lahore, Gujranwala, Karachi and all over the world. [PAR] Homeopathy, the free consultancy clinic in Lahore, Gujranwala, Karachi and all over the world. [PAR] Be Healthy with Homoeopathy that is the world's first none side effects curing way of Medical System. [PAR] Magazine [PAR] Arthritis [PAR] Description:\xa0Arthritis\xa0is a group of conditions involving damage to the\xa0joints\xa0of the body. [PAR] There are over 100 different forms of arthritis.\xa0The most common form,osteoarthritis\xa0(degenerative joint disease) is a result of trauma to the joint, infection of the joint, or age. Other arthritis forms are\xa0rheumatoid arthritis,psoriatic arthritis, and related\xa0autoimmune diseases.\xa0Septic arthritis\xa0is caused by joint\xa0infection. [PAR] The major complaint by individuals who have arthritis is\xa0joint pain. Pain is often a constant and may be localized to the joint affected. The pain from arthritis occurs due to\xa0inflammation\xa0that occurs around the joint, damage to the joint from disease, daily wear and tear of joint, muscle\xa0strains\xa0caused by forceful movements against stiff, painful joints and\xa0fatigue.[DOC] [TLE] Arthritis - Blackstone SaunasArthritis [PAR] Arthritis [PAR] Arthritis [PAR] Infrared saunas can alleviate arthritis pain [PAR] Studies conducted in Sweden, Finland, and Japan note significant improvement for people suffering from symptoms of rheumatic disease when they use infrared saunas. [PAR] It’s actually quite appropriate that arthritis would follow aging in order of health concerns. Wikipedia actually gives one of the most concise and referenced descriptions of arthritis you can find. Here is the introduction as well as the web address: [PAR] “Arthritis (from Greek arthro\xad, joint + \xaditis, inflammation; plural: arthritides) is a group of conditions involving damage to the joints of the body. [PAR] There are over 100 different forms of arthritis[1]. The most common form, osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease) is a result of trauma to the joint, infection of the joint, or age. Otherarthritis forms are rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and autoimmune diseases in which the body attacks itself. Septic arthritis is caused by joint infection. [PAR] The major complaint by individuals who have arthritis is pain. Pain is often a constant and daily feature of the disease. The pain may be localized to the back, neck, hip, knee or feet. The pain from arthritis occurs due to inflammation that occurs around the joint, damage to the joint from disease, daily wear and tear of joint, muscles strains caused by forceful movements against stiff, painful joints and fatigue. The most important factor in treatment is to understand the disorder and find ways to overcome the obstacles which prevent physical exercise. ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthritis ).” [PAR] Studies conducted in Sweden, Finland, and Japan note significant improvement for people suffering from symptoms of rheumatic disease when they use infrared saunas. Some of the studies demonstrated rapid improvement over a few sessions of use and others noted a longer regimen (approximately five months of use). All the studies state that participants reported alleviated pain and improved joint mobility (Flickstein, 2007; Hannuksela & Ellahham, 2001; Biro, Masuda, Kihara, & Tei, 2003). [PAR] Contact Us [PAR] Send us a message and a representative will be in touch with you shortly. [PAR] Name*[DOC] [TLE] Forms of Arthritis | How to Treat Common Forms of ArthritisForms of Arthritis | How to Treat Common Forms of Arthritis [PAR] Common Forms of Arthritis & How to Treat Them [PAR] By Dr. Harvey Gilbert, MD [PAR] Arthritis is a group of conditions involving damage to the joints of the body, and it is the leading cause of disability in people older than fifty-five. There are many different types of arthritis and each one has a different cause. Osteoarthritis, for example, which is also known as degenerative joint disease, is a result of trauma to the joint, infection of the joint, or is sometimes due simply to the aging process. Emerging evidence suggests that abnormal anatomy might contribute to the early development of osteoarthritis. [PAR] Common Forms of Arthritis [PAR] Two of the most common forms of arthritis are osteoarthritis and"}, 'question': {'What is a group of conditions involving damage to the joints of the body, the most common form of which is a result of trauma to or infection of the joint, or age?'}}

['arthritic' 'arthritis']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Nature Magazine 2010 Full Collection / AvaxHomeNature Magazine 2010 Full Collection / AvaxHome [PAR] Nature Magazine 2010 Full Collection [PAR] English | 51 issues | 905MB | True PDF (rar) [PAR] Nature is one of the world's most prestigious scientific journals, first published on 4 November 1869. It is the world's most cited interdisciplinary science journal. Most scientific journals are now highly specialized, and Nature is among the few journals (the other weekly journals Science and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences are also prominent examples) that still publish original research articles across a wide range of scientific fields. There are many fields of scientific research in which important new advances and original research are published as either articles or letters in Nature. [PAR] Download Links[DOC] [TLE] Download Nature Magazine 2010 Full Collection - SoftArchiveDownload Nature Magazine 2010 Full Collection - SoftArchive [PAR] Nature Magazine 2010 Full Collection [PAR] English | 51 issues | 905MB | True PDF (rar) [PAR] Nature is one of the world's most prestigious scientific journals, first published on 4 November 1869. It is the world's most cited interdisciplinary science journal. Most scientific journals are now highly specialized, and Nature is among the few journals (the other weekly journals Science and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences are also prominent examples) that still publish original research articles across a wide range of scientific fields. There are many fields of scientific research in which important new advances and original research are published as either articles or letters in Nature. [PAR] Oops! Something is hidden :)[DOC] [TLE] Nature - BitnosNature [PAR] Nature [PAR] Category: Biomedical journals [PAR] Nature is one of the world's most prestigious scientific journals, first published on 4 November 1869. It is the world's most highly cited interdisciplinary science journal. Most scientific journals are now highly specialized, and Nature is among the few journals (the other weekly journals Science and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences are also prominent examples) that still publish original research articles across a wide range of scientific fields. There are many fields of scientific research in which important new advances and original research are published as either articles or letters in Nature. Research scientists are the primary audience for the journal, but summaries and accompanying articles make many of the most important papers understandable for the general public and to scientists in other fields. Toward the front of each issue are editorials, news and feature articles on issues of general interest to scientists, including current affairs, science funding, business, scientific ethics and research breakthroughs. There are also sections on books and arts. The remainder of the journal consists mostly of research articles, which are often dense and highly technical. Because of strict limits on the length of articles, in many cases the printed text is actually a summary of the work in question with many details relegated to accompanying supplementary material on the journal's website. Registration not required.[DOC] [TLE] WORLD ALBUMSWORLD ALBUMS [PAR] WORLD ALBUMS [PAR] Nature new [PAR] Nature is one of the world's most prestigious scientific journals, first published on 4 November 1869. It is the world's most highly cited interdisciplinary science journal.[1] Most scientific journals are now highly specialized, and Nature is among the few journals (the other weekly journals Science and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences are also prominent examples) that still publish original research articles across a wide range of scientific fields. There are many fields of scientific research in which important new advances and original research are published as either articles or letters in Nature. [PAR] Research scientists are the primary audience for the journal, but summaries and accompanying articles make many of the most important papers understandable for the general public and to scientists in other fields. Toward the front of each issue are editorials, news and feature articles on issues of general interest to scientists, including current affairs, science funding, business, scientific ethics and research breakthroughs. There are also sections on books and arts. The remainder of the journal consists mostly of research articles, which are often dense and highly technical. Because of strict limits on the length of articles, in many cases the printed text is actually a summary of the work in question with many details relegated to accompanying supplementary material"}, 'question': {"What is one of the world's most prestigious scientific journals, first published on 4 November 1869, one of the few that publish original research articles across a wide range of scientific fields?"}}

['nature']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Pangboche Hand - butlincat.blogspot.comBUTLINCAT\'S BLOG: 2 VIDEOS WITH YETI RESEARCHER PETER BYRNE: THE PANGBOCHE HAND, + more [PAR] From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] \xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 [PAR] Photo of the Pangboche Hand, taken in 1958 by Peter Byrne [PAR] The Pangboche Hand is an artifact from a Buddhist monastery in Pangboche , Nepal . Supporters contend that the hand is from a Yeti , a scientifically unrecognized animal purported to live in the Himalayan mountains. Critics argue the artifact is a fraud. [PAR] Oil businessman and adventurer Tom Slick first heard accounts of the possible existence of a "Yeti hand" held as a ritual artifact in the monastery at Pangboche during one of his first "Abominable Snowman" treks in 1957. The Slick expeditions were the first to bring photographs of the hand back to the West. [PAR] During later Tom Slick-sponsored expeditions in and around the Himalayas , his associates gathered more information on the "Pangboche hand," and an effort to further examine it was planned. In 1959 Peter Byrne, a member of Slick\'s expedition that year, reportedly stole pieces of the artifact after the monks who owned it refused to allow its removal for study. [1] Byrne claimed to have replaced the stolen bone fragments with human bones, rewrapping the hand to disguise his theft. [1] [PAR] Byrne smuggled the bones from Nepal into India, after which actor James Stewart allegedly smuggled the hand out of the country in his luggage. [1] Cryptozoologist Loren Coleman rediscovered this story while writing Tom Slick\'s biography in the 1980s. Coleman confirmed details of the incidents with written materials in the Slick archives, interviews with Byrne, and correspondence with Stewart. Byrne later confirmed the Pangboche hand story via a letter from Stewart that Byrne published in a general book on Nepalese wildlife. [2] [PAR] During the highly publicized 1960 World Book expedition, which had many goals including gathering intelligence on Chinese rocket launchings, Sir Edmund Hillary and Marlin Perkins took a sidetrip in Nepal to investigate the hand. Hillary was unaware of the possibility that he was looking at a combination of the original material and the human bones placed there by Byrne. Hillary determined the artifact was a hoax. [PAR] Story [PAR] According to monks at Pangboche monastery, many years ago, a monk walked into a cave to meditate . There, he saw a Yeti . Many years later, he came back, and the yeti was dead. He collected the hand and scalp and took it back to the monastery where it remained until it was discovered in the modern age. [PAR] Tests and analyses[ edit ] [PAR] London University primatologist William Charles Osman Hill conducted a physical examination of the pieces that Byrne supplied. His first findings were that it was hominid , and later in 1960 he decided that the Pangboche fragments were a closer match with a Neanderthal . [PAR] In 1991, in conjunction with Coleman\'s research, it was discovered that the Slick expedition consultant, an American anthropologist by the name of George Agogino, had retained samples of the alleged Yeti hand. The NBC program Unsolved Mysteries obtained samples and determined they were similar to human tissue, but were not human, and could only verify they were "near human." After the broadcast of the program, the entire hand was stolen from the Pangboche monastery, and reportedly disappeared into a private collection via the illegal underground in the sale of antiquities. George Agogino, before his death on September 11, 2000, transferred his important files on the Pangboche Yeti hand to Loren Coleman. [3] [PAR] Replica hand[ edit ] [PAR] In 2010 Weta Workshops produced a replica skull and hand based on photos of the missing hand and skull. Adventurer Mike Allsop planned to take the replica to Pangboche in 2011. [4] [PAR] DNA Results[ edit ] [PAR] On 27 December 2011 it was announced that a finger belonging to the hand contained human DNA, following tests carried out in Edinburgh. [5][DOC] [TLE] Pangboche Hand « Trafficking CulturePangboche Hand « Trafficking Culture [PAR] Author: Donna Yates [PAR] Last Modified: 14 Aug 2013 [PAR] The Pangboche Hand is an alleged Yeti hand, stolen from a Nepali monastery. A finger was stolen in 1958 and smuggled by actor James Stewart and the'}, 'question': {'"The ""Pangboche Hand"" is used as proof of the existence of what?"'}}

['yeti' 'yeti scalp']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Chinese Shar-Pei Dog Breed Information - VetstreetChinese Shar-Pei Dog Breed Information [PAR] Tendency toward a tolerance for cats and a lower prey drive. [PAR] 3 stars [PAR] Child Friendly [PAR] Dogs that tend to be more sturdy, playful and easygoing around children and more tolerant of children's behavior. [PAR] 1 star [PAR] Tendency to enjoy or tolerate other dogs. [PAR] 2 stars [PAR] Level of daily activity needed. [PAR] 2 stars [PAR] Amount of bathing, brushing, even professional grooming needed. [PAR] 3 stars [PAR] Level of health issues a breed tends to have. [PAR] 5 stars [PAR] A dog's thinking and problem-solving ability (not trainability). [PAR] 5 stars [PAR] How lighthearted and spirited a dog tends to be. [PAR] 3 stars [PAR] Amount and frequency of dog hair shedding. [PAR] 2 stars [PAR] Preferred amount of interaction with other pets and humans. [PAR] 3 stars [PAR] Tendency to be welcoming to new people. [PAR] 1 star [PAR] A dog's inclination to be protective of his home, yard or even car. [PAR] 3 stars [PAR] Level of ease in learning something new and a willingness to try new things. [PAR] 3 stars [PAR] A breed that is likely to alert you to the presence of strangers. [PAR] 3 stars [PAR] Overview [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] After teetering on the brink of extinction, the Chinese Shar-Pei made a comback: in 1983, the Neiman Marcus catalog chose the dog as its his-and-hers fantasy gift, offering a pair of Shar-Pei puppies for $2,000 each. [PAR] The Shar-Pei stands out for his wrinkled face and body, which give him the appearance of wearing an ill-fitting suit, and his blue-black tongue and mouth, shared only by his compatriot the Chow Chow . He was probably developed in southern China, where he was used to guard property and to hunt. Some Shar-Pei were fighting dogs. The Shar-Pei is a medium-size dog, weighing 45 to 60 pounds. He has a broad, full muzzle that is described as resembling that of a hippopotamus, small triangular ears that lie flat, and a rough coat that feels like sandpaper. [PAR] There are few animals cuter than a Shar-Pei puppy, but that cuteness belies the breed’s proud, independent nature. The Shar-Pei is a one-man dog, although he will extend his protection to the entire family, including other pets. Highly territorial, he is distrustful of strangers and may be aggressive toward dogs he doesn’t know. Anyone who has not been approved by the Shar-Pei’s owner will be warned off with a deep growl and perhaps something a little more physical if they don’t take the hint. [PAR] All too often, Chinese Shar-Pei have a reputation for being aggressive toward people, which is not acceptable. Early and frequent socialization is essential to helping them develop the confidence and discrimination they need to recognize what is a threat and what is normal. Buy a Shar-Pei only from a breeder who raises puppies in the home and has exposed them to many different people, sounds and experiences before they go to their new homes. [PAR] When he comes from such a background and continues to be socialized after going to his new home, a Shar-Pei can be a good family dog, ideally with older children who understand how to treat him with respect. Keep in mind, too, that children may be disappointed in the Shar-Pei’s complete lack of interest in cuddling or being hugged. [PAR] The Chinese Shar-Pei has a low to moderate activity level and can live happily in any home, including an apartment or condo. A 20-minute walk daily will satisfy his exercise needs. [PAR] This intelligent but sometimes stubborn dog can be a challenge to train. He responds well to clicker training and positive reinforcement techniques such as play, praise and food rewards, but he also likes to do things his own way. To be successful, you must be patient and you must be willing to try many different methods to see what works. Find a trainer who has an extensive bag of tricks and is experienced with spitz"}, 'question': {'"A ""shar pei"" is a type of what?"'}}

['dogs' 'dog']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Give Us a Clue - UKGameshowsGive Us a Clue - UKGameshows [PAR] Give Us a Clue [PAR] Lionel Blair and Liza Goddard (1987-1992) [PAR] Norman Vaughan (stand in for Lionel Blair; 1980) [PAR] Christopher Blake and Julie Peasgood (1997) [PAR] Broadcast [PAR] Thames for ITV, 2 January 1979 to 1992 [PAR] Grundy for BBC One, 10 November to 19 December 1997 (30 episodes in 1 series) [PAR] bbc.co.uk webcast, 5 to 6 March 2011 ( 24 Hour Panel People ) [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] Charades! Err... that\'s it. [PAR] Oh, alright then. A team of four male celebs face a team of four female celebs in this prizeless, just-for-fun parlour game. The host shows whichever sucker whose turn it is the name of a book, play, TV show, movie, song, person or brand of soup upon which said sucker pulls a face. They then have two minutes to convey their given name by means of mime, with codified gestures to describe the category of item, the number of words and, if need be, each word in the title syllable-by-syllable. [PAR] You won\'t see them together on Strictly Come Dancing . [PAR] Three points for a correct answer in the first minute; two points for a correct answer in the second minute; one point on offer to the opposite team if they can guess the correct answer when the mimed-to team can\'t. Repeat until the time runs out, season with jolly giggles. [PAR] With Michael Parkinson, Liza God-dard!, and Lionel Blaaaaaaair [PAR] Like Blankety Blank , there was a very particular hierarchy in the way the guests sat. The usual order from team captain downstage went: (women\'s team) , sitcom star, actress or writer, ditsy blonde; (men\'s team) comedian, TV presenter, dull footballer. [PAR] Liza Goddard takes the floor while actor Wayne Sleep looks on in the background [PAR] The more modern BBC re-make with Tim Clark tried to introduce a lateral thinking puzzle (which he could "give clues to") but it didn\'t really fit in with the rest of the show. Regardless of whoever the host was, cheating and favouritism by the host towards the women\'s team abounded. [PAR] TalkbackThames were reportedly looking to revive the show in 2010, after a Dutch version (Hints) was a hit, but it never happened. [PAR] Key moments [PAR] Celebrities trying very hard to remain reputable by not using rude parts of the body in their mime. [PAR] Editions when Michael would have the missus, Mary Parkinson, on the girls\' team. [PAR] The infamous 24-word song titles they\'d reserve for some comedian to mime (which, surprisingly, they\'d normally get after word 3). [PAR] Parky gives Lionel one of his trademark stinkers [PAR] Inventor [PAR] Vince Powell (comedy writer) and Juliet Grimm (the original producer) [PAR] Theme music [PAR] For some bizarre reason, an early version of the theme music (until 1982) was exactly the same piece of library music used by the BBC\'s schools com-dram Grange Hill (Chicken Man by Alan Hawkshaw). [PAR] After that, there was the glorious theme tune of the Parky version, composed by Thames TV\'s Musical Director Alan Braden. It incorporated the entire Ring Cycle and also a catchy show-tune sing-a-long as the team captains (including, inevitably, Lionel Blair) introduced each of their team members in turn. Courtesy of TV Cream, here\'s the lyrics: [PAR] Did Elvis sing it? [PAR] The opening titles from 1988. [PAR] Trivia [PAR] Richard O\'Brien look-a-like Tim Clark (also of sports show Under the Moon fame) had to change his name of Tim Burton because so many people confused him with the American film director of the same name. [PAR] For some bizarre reason, mainly that the script hardly changed in over 20 years, this programme was constantly referred to by chairman Humphrey Lyttelton in the radio panel game I\'m Sorry I Haven\'t a Clue . The gag usually referred to some dreadful double entendre such as: "And I can still'}, 'question': {'In which game are the clues mimed?'}}

['charades']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Veni, Vidi, Vici - according to Julius Caesar - yovisto ...Veni, Vidi, Vici - according to Julius Caesar - yovisto Blogyovisto Blog [PAR] Iulius Caesar (100BC – 44BC) [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] On August 2, 47 BC the Roman dictator Gaius Iulius Caesar\xa0won the battle of Zela against Pharnaces II. king of Pontus. As the Roman victory was won rather quickly, Caesar wanted to emphasize that very fact by the brevity and conciseness of his report sent to the senate and people of Rome. He only wrote three little words: [PAR] “Veni, Vidi, Vici.“ [PAR] I came, I saw, and I won. That’s all. Nobody ever made a comparable report and his words have been quoted countless times. [PAR] The city of Zela is located in today’s province Tokat in Turkey and went through many battles throughout her long history. In 548 BC, the city was ruled by the Achamenid Persian Empire\xa0and after the division of Anatolia Zela belonged to the region of Pontus. After 200 years, Alexander the Great\xa0captured the city and later on it was transferred to the Seleucid Empire. Then many battles occurred and the town was ruled by Sulla, then Mithridates\xa0and finally Pompey. [PAR] The famous battle of Zela took place in 47 BC when Rome was dominated by civil war, where the party of Caesar was fighting with the party of his old friend and rival Gnaeus Pompeius\xa0for political supremacy. Julius Caesar was expecting trouble with the son of Mithridates VI, Pharnaces, afraid he could take revenge for his father. When Caesar arrived in Pontus, his troops were rather small and lacked of discipline. Zela however was a well fortified town surrounded by large mountains and valleys. Pharnaces found out quickly that Caesar had positioned himself where the battle between Mithridates and Triarius took place and got all of his troops ready. Against Caesar’s expectations, Pharnaces began to march onto Caesar’s troops, which were positioned on top of a hill, which is usually of great advantage. However, the surprising attack caused much confusion and many losses on Caesar’s side, because many of his soldiers were not in their fighting positions. The Roman’s were still able to recover from the surprise attack very soon, they could organize their defense and pushed the Pontic army back down the hill. While the battle of Zela was won in only 4 hours time, the entire campaign against Pharnaces lasted five days. To emphasize the brevity of the campaign and Caesar’s military superiority, he carefully chose his words sent to the Roman senate to make the right impression….’veni, vidi, vici‘. [PAR] At yovisto you can watch a talk of author Michael Parenti about the ‘ Assassination of Julius Caesar ‘ the subject of his new book ‘ The Assassination of Julius Caesar: a People’s History of Ancient Rome ‘. [PAR] References and Further Reading:[DOC] [TLE] Veni, vidi...? | Wantagh Schools CommunityVeni, vidi...? | Wantagh Schools Community [PAR] Wantagh Schools Community [PAR] Back to Top [PAR] Post by Chris_Wendt on Aug 6, 2012 16:43:50 GMT -5 [PAR] No, this is not a "complete this phrase" game, nor is it a pop quiz about who said it, where, when, and why. [PAR] I post this as an occasional recognition that, for instance in the past 24 hours 101 people clicked through this site, but nobody wrote anything, not one word. And, I do not believe there was much if anything new to read. [PAR] Okay, there\'s this gem of wisdom. But no one else has anything on their mind? [PAR] To complete the phrase and know the answers, please note the following from Wikipedia: [PAR] "Veni, vidi, vici" (Classical Latin; Ecclesiastical Latin: [ˈvɛni ˈvidi ˈvitʃi]; "I came, I saw, I conquered.") is a Latin sentence reportedly written by Julius Caesar in 47 BC as a comment on his short war with Pharnaces II of Pontus in the city of Zela (currently known as Zile, in Turkey). [PAR] Veni, vidi, and vici are first person perfect forms of the three Latin verbs venire'}, 'question': {'"In 47 BC, after the war with Pharnaces II of Pontus in the city of Zela (now known as Zile, in Turkey), who is credited with saying ""Veni, vidi, vici""?"'}}

['caesar' 'julius caesar']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Jaundice: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, preventionJaundice: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, prevention [PAR] If you have signs of jaundice, seek medical advice . [PAR] Symptoms of jaundice [PAR] As well as the classic yellow tinge to the skin and whites of the eyes , someone with jaundice may also have yellowing of mucous membranes in the mouth and nose. [PAR] Stools (faeces or poo) can be pale in colour and urine dark in colour. [PAR] Some underlying conditions, which lead to jaundice, may feel like flu , and may also result in fever, chills , stomach pain , itching or weight-loss or be without an explanation such as a diet . [PAR] Causes of jaundice [PAR] When red blood cells break down naturally in a 120-day cycle, bilirubin is produced as a waste by-product. [PAR] The journey bilirubin takes out of the body's waste disposal systems sees it carried by blood to the liver . There is it combined with bile (digestive fluid) from the gallbladder . [PAR] This mixture exits the body through faeces and urine. If everything is working well, faeces should be brown and urine light yellow. [PAR] Infections or damage can disrupt this process, leading to jaundice. [PAR] Pre-hepatic jaundice [PAR] If an infection or medical condition makes the red blood cells break down sooner than usual, bilirubin levels rise. This is known as pre-hepatic jaundice. [PAR] Conditions that may trigger this include malaria , sickle cell anaemia , thalassaemia , Gilbert's syndrome, hereditary spherocytosis and Crigler-Najjar syndrome. [PAR] Intra-hepatic jaundice [PAR] If the liver is damaged, it may be less able to process bilirubin. This causes what doctors call intra-hepatic jaundice. [PAR] The liver damage may be a result of causes that include hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease , glandular fever , liver cancer , illegal drug use including ecstasy, and paracetamol overdose. [PAR] Obesity and non- alcoholic fatty liver disease can be a cause of cirrhosis of the liver and jaundice. [PAR] Post-hepatic jaundice [PAR] Gallstones, pancreatitis , pancreatic cancer and cancers of the gallbladder or bile duct may also disrupt the bilirubin removal process leading to jaundice. This is called post-hepatic jaundice. [PAR] Eating a high-fat diet can raise your cholesterol levels and increase the risk of having gallstones. [PAR] Jaundice diagnosis [PAR] The yellowing of skin and eyes are likely to be the main clues a doctor will use before confirming a jaundice diagnosis. [PAR] A person will be asked about other symptoms and risks, such as foreign travel or drug misuse. [PAR] A physical examination will be carried out to look for signs of swelling of the liver and legs, ankles or feet , which might indicate cirrhosis of the liver. [PAR] Urine can be tested for urobilinogen, which is produced when bilirubin is broken down. Finding high or low levels can help pinpoint the type of jaundice. [PAR] Blood tests may be used to check for conditions like malaria or hepatitis. [PAR] A liver function blood test may indicate hepatitis, cirrhosis or alcoholic liver disease. Sometimes a liver biopsy - removal of small tissue sample - is needed to confirm or rule out conditions such as cirrhosis or liver cancer. [PAR] Doctors may also need to look inside the body for problems with the liver or bile duct using ultrasound , X-ray with contrast, MRI or CT scans.[DOC] [TLE] Jaundice: Causes, Symptoms and Treatments - Medical News TodayJaundice: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments - Medical News Today [PAR] Jaundice: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments [PAR] Written by Caroline GillottReviewed by University of Illinois-Chicago, School of Medicine [PAR] 4 31 [PAR] Jaundice, also known as icterus, is a term used to describe a yellowish tinge to the skin and sclerae (the white part of the eye) that is caused by an excess of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia). Body fluids may also be yellow. [PAR] The color of the skin and sclerae varies depending on levels of bilirubin; mildly elevated levels display yellow skin and sclerae, while highly elevated levels display brown. [PAR] In this article, we will discuss what jaundice is, why it happens, and how it is diagnosed and treated. [PAR] Contents of this"}, 'question': {'What colour is associated with jaundice?'}}

['yellow color' 'yellow']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Saint James | apostle, son of Zebedee | Britannica.comSaint James | apostle, son of Zebedee | Britannica.com [PAR] apostle, son of Zebedee [PAR] Alternative Titles: James, son of Zebedee, James the Greater [PAR] Saint James [PAR] Saint Peter the Apostle [PAR] Saint James, also called James, son of Zebedee, or James the Greater (born , Galilee, Palestine—died 44 ce, Jerusalem; feast day July 25), one of the Twelve Apostles , distinguished as being in Jesus’ innermost circle and the only apostle whose martyrdom is recorded in the New Testament (Acts 12:2). [PAR] Saint James the Greater, alabaster sculpture with gold and paint by Gil de Siloé, … [PAR] Photograph by Katie Chao. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City, The Cloisters Collection, 1969 (69.88) [PAR] James and his younger brother, the apostle St. John , are designated Boanerges (from the Greek boanerges), or “sons of thunder” (Mark 3:17), perhaps because of their characteristic fiery zeal (Mark 9:38, Luke 9:54). With Saints Peter and Andrew, James and John were the first four disciples whom Jesus called (Mark 1:16–19) and whose question (“Tell us, when will this [the end of time] be, and what will be the sign when these things are all to be accomplished?”) sparks Jesus’ eschatological discourse in Mark 13. [PAR] As a member of the inner circle, James witnessed the raising of Jairus’ daughter (Mark 5:37, Luke 8:51), the Transfiguration (Mark 9:2), and Jesus’ agony in the Garden of Gethsemane (Mark 14:33, Matthew 26:37). James and John asked Jesus to let them sit, one at his right and one at his left, in his future glory (Mark 10:35–40), a favour that Jesus said was not his to grant. James was beheaded by order of King Herod Agrippa I of Judaea; according to Spanish tradition, his body was taken to Santiago de Compostela, where his shrine attracts pilgrims from all over the world. [PAR] St. James, detail from a mural, 12th century; in the monastery of Eski Gümüs, Turkey. [PAR] Sonia Halliday[DOC] [TLE] James son of Zebedee - The Full WikiJames son of Zebedee - The Full Wiki [PAR] The Full Wiki [PAR] More info on James son of Zebedee [PAR] \xa0\xa0Wikis [PAR] James son of Zebedee: Wikis [PAR] Advertisements [PAR] Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn\'t yet, but we\'re working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . [PAR] Related top topics [PAR] From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] "St. Jacob" redirects here. For other uses, see St. Jacob (disambiguation) . [PAR] James, son of Zebedee [PAR] Saint James the Elder by Rembrandt [PAR] He is depicted clothed as a pilgrim ; note the scallop shell on his shoulder and his staff and pilgrim\'s hat beside him [PAR] Veterinarians , equestrians , furriers , tanners , pharmacists [PAR] James, son of Zebedee (died 44) or Yaakov Ben-Zebdi/Bar-Zebdi, was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus . He was a son of Zebedee and Salome , and brother of John the Apostle . He is also called James the Greater to distinguish him from James, son of Alphaeus , who is also known as James the Less. James is described as one of the first disciples to join Jesus. The Synoptic Gospels state that James and John were with their father by the seashore when Jesus called them to follow him.[ Matt.\xa04:21-22 ] [ Mk.\xa01:19-20 ] According to the Gospel of Mark , James and John were called Boanerges, or the "Sons of Thunder" and also the "Saintly Brothers of Martyrdom".[ Mark\xa03:17 ] James was one of only three apostles whom Jesus selected to bear witness to his Transfiguration . [1] The Acts of the Apostles records that Agrippa I had James executed by sword.[ Acts\xa012:1-2 ] [PAR] Contents [PAR] 7 External links [PAR] Veneration [PAR] His remains are said to be'}, 'question': {'What is the Spanish name for Saint James, son of Zebedee, one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus?'}}

['santiago']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] The Pussycat Dolls Discography at DiscogsThe Pussycat Dolls Discography at Discogs [PAR] The Pussycat Dolls [PAR] Profile: [PAR] The Pussycat Dolls were an American pop girl group and dance ensemble, founded in Los Angeles, California, by choreographer Robin Antin in 1995 as a burlesque troupe. Shortly after launching their own revue, the troupe became well-known for the number of actresses and models that joined and performed as a Pussycat Doll for a night alongside the group. With this growing amount of media attention, Antin then negotiated a record deal with Interscope Records in 2003, which transformed the group into a music franchise comprising Nicole Scherzinger , Carmit Bachar , Ashley Roberts (2) , Jessica Sutta , Melody Thornton , and Kimberly Wyatt . Overseen by Antin, Interscope and various partners, the group was transformed into a global image and commercial brand. The group\'s debut album, PCD, containing the number-one singles "Don\'t Cha", "Buttons", and "Stickwitu", launched the girls into mainstream international recognition - but despite this high level of commercial success, the group was plagued by reports of internal conflict due to the overemphasis on Scherzinger, the group\'s lead member and main vocalist. Bachar\'s departure from the group preceded the release of their second and final studio album, 2008\'s Doll Domination, which featured singles "When I Grow Up", "I Hate This Part", and "Jai Ho! (You Are My Destiny)", and by 2010, all members, including Scherzinger, had left the group as well, after announcing a hiatus in early 2009. The Dolls brand diversified into merchandise, reality television programs, a Las Vegas act, product endorsements, spin-off recording groups ( Girlicious , Paradiso Girls ) and other ventures. In 2009, Billboard ranked the Pussycat Dolls as the 80th most successful musical act of the 2000s, having sold in excess of 54 million records worldwide, positioning them as one of the best-selling girl groups of all time. In 2011, Antin began to assemble a new group, initially designed as a "newer generation" of the Dolls, but by 2013, this group of women had become G.R.L. , and had released their own debut single in July of that year. [PAR] Sites:[DOC] [TLE] Rock On The Net: Pussycat Dolls Info PageRock On The Net: Pussycat Dolls Info Page [PAR] June 25 : The Pussycat Dolls hit the Top 10 with " Don\'t Cha ." [PAR] July 2 : The Pussycat Dolls topped the Billboard Dance Club Songs chart for 3 weeks with help from Busta Rhymes with " Don\'t Cha ." [PAR] August 6 : The Pussycat Dolls topped the Billboard Pop 100 chart for 7 weeks and Dance Airplay chart for 6 weeks with help from Busta Rhymes with " Don\'t Cha ." [PAR] September 13 : The Pussycat Dolls released PCD . [PAR] September 17 : The Pussycat Dolls topped the UK Singles chart for 3 weeks with " Don\'t Cha ." [PAR] November 12 : The Pussycat Dolls hit the Top 10 with " Stickwitu ." [PAR] December 10 : The Pussycat Dolls topped the UK Singles chart with " Stickwitu ." [PAR] December 21 : PCD was certified gold. [PAR] December 31 : The Pussycat Dolls topped the Billboard Year-End Charts with the Top Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Song Sales and Top Hot Dance Club Play Single (" Don\'t Cha ").[DOC] [TLE] PCD by The Pussycat Dolls on Apple Music - iTunesPCD by The Pussycat Dolls on Apple Music [PAR] 12 Songs [PAR] Album Review [PAR] There\'s a kind of beautifully perverse brilliance to the Pussycat Dolls. Not only are they a sextet who got their start as neo-burlesque dancers in Los Angeles, but they make no bones about being a gleefully manufactured dance-pop act. Open the booklet for their 2005 debut, PCD, and their artificiality is made clear: the first page reads "All lead and background vocals by Nicole Scherzinger," a former member of Eden\'s Crush, the failed prefab teen pop group assembled on the WB\'s pre-American Idol reality music show Popstars. There is no'}, 'question': {'"""Don\'t Cha"" and ""Stickwitu"" were #1 hit singles for which group?"'}}

['pussycat doll' 'pcd' 'pussycat dolls']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] The Silk Road - Timeline IndexThe Silk Road - Timeline Index [PAR] Timeline Index [PAR] The Silk Road [PAR] The Silk Road is an extensive interconnected network of trade routes across the Asian continent connecting East, South, and Western Asia with the Mediterranean world, as well as North and Northeast Africa and Europe. The term "Seidenstraße" (literally "Silk Road") was coined retrospectively by the German geographer Ferdinand von Richthofen in 1877 and has since found its way into general usage. It was the major reason for the connection of trade routes into an extensive trans-continental network. In recent years, both the maritime and overland Silk Routes are again being used, often closely following the ancient routes. The Silk Routes (collectively known as the \'Silk Road\') were important paths for cultural, commercial and technological exchange between traders, merchants, pilgrims, missionaries, soldiers, nomads and urban dwellers from Ancient China, Ancient India, Ancient Tibet, Persia and Mediterranean countries for almost 3,000 years. It gets its name from the lucrative Chinese silk trade, which began during the Han Dynasty (206 BCE�220 CE). [PAR] More on this Website[DOC] [TLE] Silk Road displays at the Museum of Natural History, New ...Silk Road displays at the Museum of Natural History, New York City\xa0 -\xa0 Travel Photos by Galen R Frysinger, Sheboygan, Wisconsin\xa0 [PAR] Silk Road [PAR] Photo from Wikipedia [PAR] The Silk Road (German: Seidenstra�e) (or Silk Routes) is an extensive interconnected network of trade routes across the Asian continent connecting East, South, and Western Asia with the Mediterranean world, as well as North and Northeast Africa and Europe. The term "Seidenstra�e" (literally "Silk Road") was coined retrospectively by the German geographer Ferdinand von Richthofen in 1877 and has since found its way into general usage. It was the major reason for the connection of trade routes into an extensive trans-continental network. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] silk from the silk worm [PAR] The Silk Routes (collectively known as the \'Silk Road\') were important paths for cultural, commercial and technological exchange between traders, merchants, pilgrims, missionaries, soldiers, nomads and urban dwellers from Ancient China, Ancient India, Ancient Tibet, Persia and Mediterranean countries for almost 3,000 years. It gets its name from the lucrative Chinese silk trade, which began during the Han Dynasty (206 BCE�220 CE). [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Silk weaving [PAR] Extending 4,000 miles, the routes enabled people to transport goods, especially luxuries such as slaves, silk, satin and other fine fabrics, musk, other perfumes, spices, medicines, jewels, glassware and even rhubarb, as well as serving as a conduit for the spread of knowledge, ideas, cultures and diseases between different parts of the world (Ancient China, Ancient India, Asia Minor and the Mediterranean). Trade on the Silk Road was a significant factor in the development of the great civilizations of China, India, Egypt, Persia, Arabia and Rome, and in several respects helped lay the foundations for the modern world. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Traveling Troupe [PAR] \xa0Although the term the Silk Road implies a continuous journey, very few who traveled the route traversed it from end to end. For the most part, goods were transported by a series of agents on varying routes and were traded in the bustling mercantile markets of the oasis towns. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] The central Asian sections of the trade routes were expanded around 114 BCE by the Han dynasty, largely through the missions and explorations of Zhang Qian, but earlier trade routes across the continents already existed. In the late Middle Ages, transcontinental trade over the land routes of the Silk Road declined as sea trade increased. Though silk was certainly the major trade item from China, many other products were traded, and various technologies, religions and philosophies as well as the bubonic plague (the so-called \'Black Death\') also traveled along the Silk Routes. India played a vital role in the trade, being'}, 'question': {'The extensive interconnected network of trade routes across the Asian continent connecting East, South, and Western Asia with the Mediterranean world, as well as North and Northeast Africa and Europe, was known as what?'}}

['silk road' 'silk routes']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Northanger Abbey - LearnifyNorthanger Abbey [PAR] Northanger Abbey [PAR] Författare: Jane Austen [PAR] Förlag: Anncona Media [PAR] Northanger Abbey\xa0 was the first of Jane Austen\'s novels to be completed for publication, though she had previously made a start on Sense and Sensibility and Pride and Prejudice [PAR] Austen died in July 1817. Northanger Abbey (as the novel was now called) was brought out posthumously in late December 1817 (1818 given on the title page), as the first two volumes of a four-volume set that also featured another previously unpublished Austen novel, Persuasion. [PAR] Northanger Abbey follows seventeen-year-old Gothic novel aficionado Catherine Morland and family friends Mr. and Mrs. Allen as they visit Bath. It is Catherine\'s first visit there. She meets new friends, such as Isabella Thorpe, and goes to balls. Catherine finds herself pursued by Isabella\'s brother, the rough-mannered, slovenly John Thorpe, and by her real love interest, Henry Tilney. She also becomes friends with Eleanor Tilney, Henry\'s younger sister. Henry captivates her with his view on novels and his knowledge of history and the world. General Tilney (Henry and Eleanor\'s father) invites Catherine to visit their estate, Northanger Abbey, which, from her reading of Ann Radcliffe\'s Gothic novel The Mysteries of Udolpho, she expects to be dark, ancient and full of Gothic horrors and fantastical mystery. [PAR] Northanger Abbey has been the subject of many adaptations for film, TV and the stage. [PAR] Jane Austen (1775-1817) was an English novelist whose works of romantic fiction, set among the landed gentry, earned her a place as one of the most widely read writers in English literature. Her realism, biting irony and social commentary have gained her historical importance among scholars and critics. [PAR] From 1811 until 1816, with the release of Sense and Sensibility (1811), Pride and Prejudice (1813), Mansfield Park (1814) and Emma (1816), she achieved success as a published writer. She wrote two additional novels, Northanger Abbey and Persuasion, both published posthumously in 1818, and began a third, which was eventually titled Sanditon, but died before completing it. [PAR] In 1994, American literary critic Harold Bloom placed Austen among the greatest Western Writers of all time. In a 2002 poll to determine whom the UK public considers the greatest British people in history, Austen was ranked number 70 in the list of the "100 Greatest Britons". In 2003, Austen\'s Pride and Prejudice came second in the BBC\'s The Big Read, a national poll to find the "Nation\'s best-loved book."[DOC] [TLE] Northanger Abbey | Stockholms StadsbibliotekNorthanger Abbey | Stockholms Stadsbibliotek [PAR] Northanger Abbey [PAR] av Jane Austen (E-media, E-bok, EPUB) 2014, Engelska, För vuxna [PAR] Northanger Abbey\xa0 was the first of Jane Austen\'s novels to be completed for publication, though she had previously made a start on Sense and Sensibility and Pride and Prejudice [PAR] Austen died in July 1817. Northanger Abbey (as the novel was now called) was brought out posthumously in late December 1817 (1818 given on the title page), as the first two volumes of a four-volume set that also featured another previously unpublished Austen novel, Persuasion. [PAR] Northanger Abbey follows seventeen-year-old Gothic novel aficionado Catherine Morland and family friends Mr. and Mrs. Allen as they visit Bath. It is Catherine\'s first visit there. She meets new friends, such as Isabella Thorpe, and goes to balls. Catherine finds herself pursued by Isabella\'s brother, the rough-mannered, slovenly John Thorpe, and by her real love interest, Henry Tilney. She also becomes friends with Eleanor Tilney, Henry\'s younger sister. Henry captivates her with his view on novels and his knowledge of history and the world. General Tilney (Henry and Eleanor\'s father) invites Catherine to visit their estate, Northanger Abbey, which, from her reading of Ann Radcliffe\'s Gothic novel The Mysteries of Udolpho, she expects to be dark, ancient and full of Gothic horrors and fantastical mystery. [PAR] Northanger Abbey has been the subject of many adaptations for film'}, 'question': {'"Whose novels ""Northanger Abbey"" and ""Persuasion"" were published posthumously in 1818, and who died before completing one that was eventually called ""Sanditon""?"'}}

['jane austen']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Archimedean Points and Levers - Project MUSEProject MUSE - Rhetorical Humanism vs. Object-Oriented Ontology: The Ethics of Archimedean Points and Levers [PAR] Rhetorical Humanism vs. Object-Oriented Ontology: [PAR] The Ethics of Archimedean Points and Levers [PAR] Ira Allen (bio) [PAR] Archimedes of Syracuse has long provided a touchstone for considering how we make and acquire knowledge. Since the early Roman chroniclers of Archimedes’ life, and especially intensively since Descartes, scholars have described, sought, or derided the Archimedean point, defining and redefining its epistemic role. “Knowledge,” at least within modernity, is rhetorically tied to the figure of the Archimedean point, a place somewhere outside a regular and constrained world of experience. If this figure still leads to useful ways of thinking about knowing, we are left with the question of how different modes of making knowledge approach their “Archimedean” points. The question is especially important today as a renewed ontological enthusiasm sweeps through humanities disciplines that have grown wary, perhaps rightly, of epistemological skepticism. I distinguish here between epistemic approaches that focus on the firm ground of the Archimedean point, offering certitude à la Descartes, and approaches more oriented, like Archimedes himself, toward assemblages where “knower,” point, and lever are mutually implied. These approaches, elaborated in more detail below, comprise two opposing epistemic styles: a lever-oriented approach tends to foster an uncertainty with positive ethico-political implications and a point-oriented approach tends to foreclose it. Starting from the (contingent) assumption that our figuring is rhetorical all the way down, I describe these contrasting approaches as epistemic styles in order to highlight that who we are is at stake in how we think we know—even when we claim to sidestep epistemology altogether—and that in the entanglement of who we are and how we know, we owe much to all our others. [PAR] Toward a New Rhetorical Humanism [PAR] It is, at any rate, not the case that all styles of knowledge-making involve searches for an outside view of things or for firmness and certainty, to take two common ways of thinking about Archimedean points. Since antiquity, rhetorical theorists have regarded knowledge-making as the collection and examination of contingent points and effective levers, [End Page 67] precisely those points and levers whose working forms the knowledge-maker. As such, rhetorical knowledge is at once both broadly anticipatory and intensely local, requiring a knower always in the midst of negotiating the contexts of her knowing. It thus imbricates ethics with epistemology: who we ought to be with how we imagine we know. James Crosswhite puts the implication of this point nicely in Deep Rhetoric, observing that “rhetorical wisdom demands a virtually impossible ethical posture, or at least a fundamentally unstable one” (347). Because rhetorical theory studies language and symbols with the self-critical aim of discovering places to stand and work a lever within a shared symbolic domain, it demands a knower who is intensely attuned to the contingency, temporality, and potential effectivity of her own position. Such a knower owes other symbol-users rather a lot. [PAR] Throughout much of the twentieth century, the aims and interests of rhetorical theory were broadly harmonious with other dominant strains of thought in the West, lining up nicely alongside a linguistic turn, postmodern skepticism toward metanarrative, feminist anti-essentialism, postcolonial attention to hybridity, and so forth. Today, however, there arises a renewed and intensified desire for points of certainty, perhaps especially within the fiscally ravaged humanities. Ours is a time of reinvigorated ontological thinking, suffused with an anxious desire to establish firm points regarding the being of being, and thus impatient with what comes to seem, in lever-thinking, a self-involved relativism. And, indeed, there is a basis for such an attitude. 1 From Plato to the old warriors of the left, the warning resounds: an easy reliance on relative, effective, local ways of knowing benefits the most unscrupulous members of a society. Witness Sean Hannity or Ann Coulter. My concern is that some avatars of the contemporary desire for certainty, in disavowing what they see as Cartesian roots, grasp after too much and'}, 'question': {'"Who, when discussing the power of a lever, is reputed to have said ""give me but one firm place on which to stand and I will move the earth""?"'}}

['archimedes']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Aquatic animalAn aquatic animal is an animal, either vertebrate or invertebrate, which lives in water for most or all of its life. It may breathe air or extract its oxygen from that dissolved in water through specialised organs called gills, or directly through its skin. Natural environments and the animals that live in them can be categorized as aquatic (water) or terrestrial (land). [PAR] The term aquatic can in theory be applied to animals that live in either fresh water (fresh water animals) or salt water (marine animals). However, the adjective marine is most commonly used for animals that live in saltwater, i.e. in oceans, seas, etc. [PAR] Aquatic animals (especially freshwater animals) are often of special concern to conservationists because of the fragility of their environments. Aquatic animals are subject to pressure from overfishing, destructive fishing, marine pollution and climate change. [PAR] Air breathing aquatic animals [PAR] In addition to water breathing animals, e.g., fishes, mollusks etc., the term "aquatic animal" can be applied to air-breathing aquatic or sea mammals such as those in the orders Cetacea (whales) and Sirenia (sea cows), which cannot survive on land, as well as to the pinnipeds (true seals, eared seals, and the walrus). The term "aquatic mammal" is also applied to four-footed mammals like the river otter (Lontra canadensis) and beavers (family Castoridae), although these are technically amphibious. [PAR] Amphibians, like frogs (the order Anura), while requiring water, are separated into their own environmental classification. The majority of amphibians (class Amphibia) have an aquatic larval stage, like a tadpole, but then live as terrestrial adults, and may return to the water to mate. [PAR] Certain fish also evolved to breathe air to survive oxygen-deprived water, such as arapaima (family Osteoglossidae) and walking catfish.[DOC] [TLE] List of Aquatic Mammals | Animals - mom.meList of Aquatic Mammals | Animals - mom.me [PAR] List of Aquatic Mammals [PAR] Earless or true seals are carnivorous aquatic mammals perfectly adapted to life in water. [PAR] NA/AbleStock.com/Getty Images [PAR] Aquatic and semiaquatic mammals are well adapted to life in the water with physical characteristics such as flippers, webbed feet, paddlelike tails and streamlined bodies. Whales, dolphins, porpoises, manatee and dugong are completely aquatic; seals, sea lions, walrus, hippopotamus, platypus, otters, beavers and nutria are semiaquatic, spending part of their lives on land. [PAR] Whales [PAR] Whales have streamlined bodies tapering toward the horizontal tail that distinguishes them from fish. Their front limbs have been modified into broad flippers. Whales lack back limbs and external ears. A thick layer of blubber beneath their skin helps to conserve heat. Whalebone whales do not have teeth, but plates of baleen or whalebone in their V-shaped upper jaw, which act as sieves or strainers for plankton. The coarse, frayed inner edges catch the tiny creatures on which the whale feeds. Whalebones are the largest whales -- the blue whale, the largest animal ever known to have lived, reaches up to 100 feet and 200 tons. Whalebones include the Californian gray whale, rorquals or fin whales, blue whales and the Greenland right whale. Toothed whales are much smaller than the whalebone whales. They have conical, pointed teeth in the lower or both jaws, or one tusklike tooth in the upper jaw. Toothed whales feed primarily on fish. Whales in this suborder include river dolphins, beaked whales, sperm whales, beluga or white whales, narwhal, killer whales, Atlantic bottlenose dolphins and the common or harbor porpoise. [PAR] True or Earless Seals [PAR] Seals live in the oceans of the Northern and Southern hemispheres, primarily in polar, subpolar and temperate climates, with the exception of tropical monk seals. These semiaquatic carnivores have a streamlined shape, flippers and webbed feet. They have no visible external ears. Millions of years of adaptation to the sea have made seals expert swimmers and divers, but they are quite awkward on land. A thick layer of oily fat or blubber up to 3 inches thick insulates them by maintaining a body temperature around 100 degrees'}, 'question': {'Where do aquatic creatures live?'}}

['in water']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] What is the most abundant metal on Earth? | Reference.comWhat is the most abundant metal on Earth? | Reference.com [PAR] What is the most abundant metal on Earth? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] The most abundant metal on Earth is aluminum. Aluminum is the third most abundant element in the Earth's crust, and makes up 8 percent of it by parts per million. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] The most abundant metal inside the Earth is iron. Iron makes up to 34 percent of the Earth's mass, but is only the fourth most abundant element in the crust. Iron makes up 5 percent of the Earth's crust and 70 percent of the Earth's core. Aluminum, although more abundant in the crust and a constituent part of almost all terrestrial rocks, is much lighter than iron and cannot compete with it in terms of abundance by mass; however, it is more abundant in terms of surface availability and number of actual atoms.[DOC] [TLE] What is the most abundant metal in Earth's crust? - QuoraWhat is the most abundant metal in Earth's crust? - Quora [PAR] Quora [PAR] Top 3 most abundant elements in the earth’s crust by mass: [PAR] 1) Oxygen [PAR] 2) Silicon [PAR] 3) Aluminum [PAR] Silicon is classed as a metalloid, with properties between that of a metal and a non-metal. So I’d go with Aluminum. [PAR] By now you know that aluminum wins the contest. If you're wondering about which metal ores are present in the crust, here's a link to the National Mining Association website listing the most abundant metal ores and their uses: http://www.nma.org/index.php/min... [PAR] 3.5k Views · View Upvotes · Answer requested by [PAR] Written Sep 19, 2015 [PAR] It is by far Aluminium. [PAR] In fact, Titanium doesn't even feature in the top five most abundant metals in earth's crust: Aluminium, Iron, Calcium, Sodium, Potasssium. [PAR] Abundances of the elements (data page) - Wikipedia has a collection of several estimates. [PAR] Aluminum is, according to all those estimates. It is the most common by mass fraction, and also the most common by number of atoms. [PAR] 280 Views [PAR] The most abundant METAL in earth's crust is Aluminium. [PAR] \u200b [PAR] Its proportion in earth's crust is 81000 ppm or 8.1%. [PAR] It is also the 3rd most abundant element in the earth's crust. [PAR] Written Mar 3, 2016 [PAR] I had to fire 2 people at work for bad performance, and somehow I managed to talk both of them into resigning voluntarily (with a fair severance package). We'd been working on improving their performance for three months, and it just wasn't working -- they both knew it and I knew it. So sitting down with them (individually) I just tried to keep it focused on how this isn't working for either on...[DOC] [TLE] Most Abundant Element in the Universe, Earth, and BodyMost Abundant Element in the Universe, Earth, and Body [PAR] What Is the Most Abundant Element? [PAR] Most Abundant Element in the Universe, Earth, and Body [PAR] Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, but it's relatively scarce on Earth.\xa0 Stocktrek / Getty Images [PAR] Updated July 19, 2016. [PAR] Question: What Is the Most Abundant Element? [PAR] Answer: The most abundant element in the universe is hydrogen, which makes up about 3/4 of all matter! Helium makes up most of the remaining 25%. Oxygen is the third most abundant element in the universe. All of the other elements are relatively rare. [PAR] The chemical composition of the earth is quite a bit different from that of the universe. The most abundant element in the earth's crust is oxygen, making up 46.6% of the earth's mass. Silicon is the second most abundant element (27.7%), followed by aluminum (8.1%), iron (5.0%), calcium (3.6%), sodium (2.8%), potassium (2.6%). and magnesium (2.1%). These eight elements account for approximately 98.5% of the total mass of the earth's crust. Of course"}, 'question': {"What is the most abundant metal in the Earth's crust?"}}

['aluminium' 'aluminum']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Melanie Chisholm - Spice Girls Wiki - WikiaMelanie Chisholm | Spice Girls Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Mel had always wanted to play the role of Rumpleteazer in the musical Cats. She made the cut down to the last few auditions, but failed to get the role. [PAR] Spice Girls [PAR] Main Article: Touch [PAR] During college, she replied to an advert in The Stage by Bob and Chris Herbert , who were looking to form a new girl group Touch , later to become the Spice Girls . She left college just short of completing her three-year course and gained teaching qualifications in Tap and Modern Theatre Dance with the ISTD. She missed the second set of auditions, however Melanie C\'s mother called in to see if she could get another chance, but was offered a place if anything comes up. [PAR] Main Article: Spice Girls [PAR] In 1994, she joined the Spice Girls (then still called Touch) after the original fifth Touch member, Lianne Morgan had to leave the group. In 1996 Chisholm, along with Victoria Adams , Melanie Brown , Emma Bunton , and Geri Halliwell . shot to fame with the release of Wannabe . The debut album, Spice , shot to number one all over the globe, including the U.S. Because Melanie C usually wore a tracksuit with her hair in a ponytail and sporting the attitude of a tomboy, she was called Sporty Spice. They went on to become one of the best-selling girl groups of all time, selling more than sixty million records worldwide. [PAR] Relationships [PAR] Edit [PAR] Chisholm has been linked with such stars as football player Jason McAteer, and singers Robbie Williams and Red Hot Chili Peppers frontman Anthony Kiedis. Their song Emit Remmus is about Kiedis\' relationship with Chisholm. [PAR] In March 2007, she commented on the relationship she had Robbie Williams as doomed to failure as a reason of William\'s hard partying and busy lifestyle: [PAR] "It was nothing serious but we went on a couple of dates and it didn\'t really work out. It was 10 f--king years ago and I\'m still talking about it! It was just a chemistry thing really. Sometimes there\'s not a major reason." [PAR] Going Solo [PAR] Edit [PAR] Melanie C got her first taste of solo work when she was featured in Bryan Adams single When You\'re Gone in 1999. She then signed on to Virgin Records and releases her debut album Northern Star and releases five singles from it, which garnered some success in Europe. [PAR] 2000s [PAR] She has been in a relationship with property developer Thomas Starr since 2002. They currently share a £1 million country home at Catbrook, Monmouthshire. Thomas and her were kept from the public eye to reserve her privacy. [PAR] Reason [PAR] In 2003, Melanie Chisholm releases Reason , however it didn\'t do as well as expected, which were accompanied with a string of singles that came out as disappointments. She subsequently dropped Virgin Records . [PAR] Red Girls Records [PAR] Edit [PAR] Chisholm spent much of 2004 working on new material and setting up her own record company, Red Girl Records . Without major label backing, her activities are decided on and funded by herself, alongside her business partner and manager, Nancy Phillips. [PAR] In April 2005, Chisholm released her third album, Beautiful Intentions and released some singles from it, which proved to be a success in Europe. [PAR] In 2007, she released another album This Time and singles which also had the same success as the previous album, but promotion of the album wasn\'t as successful as it could be as it was overshadowed by the reunion of the Spice Girls . [PAR] Return of the Spice Girls [PAR] In 2007, she reunited with the Spice Girls for a world tour and released a Greatest Hits collection. [PAR] The singer is noted for her tattoos. Most of them are along eastern lines – among them a lotus flower, a phoenix and a dragon, and Tibetan symbols for love and happiness. She has 11 tattoos on her body with the last done in 2007 at Hanky Panky\'s in Amsterdam. [PAR] Love [PAR] Edit [PAR] In August 2008 it was announced that Chisholm and Starr were expecting their first child together:'}, 'question': {"What was Melanie Chisholm's nickname when she was in the Spice Girls?"}}

['sporty']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Jefferson Memorial | monument, Washington, District of ...Jefferson Memorial | monument, Washington, District of Columbia, United States | Britannica.com [PAR] monument, Washington, District of Columbia, United States [PAR] Written By: [PAR] Alternative Title: Thomas Jefferson Memorial [PAR] Related Topics [PAR] National Capital Parks [PAR] Jefferson Memorial, in full Thomas Jefferson Memorial, monument to Thomas Jefferson , the third president of the United States , situated in East Potomac Park on the south bank of the Tidal Basin in Washington, D.C. Authorized in 1934 as part of a beautification program for the nation’s capital, it was opposed by many modernist architects, including Frank Lloyd Wright , who objected to its Classical design. Others objected to the destruction of cherry trees (for which the city was famous) and protested by chaining themselves to trees they thought would be lost; still others feared that the monument would obliterate the spectacular vista of the Potomac River . At the urging of Pres. Franklin Roosevelt , however, construction began in 1938 and continued despite the country’s entrance into World War II in 1941. The memorial was dedicated on April 13, 1943, the 200th anniversary of Jefferson’s birth. [PAR] The Jefferson Memorial and the Tidal Basin, Washington, D.C. [PAR] © Richard T. Nowitz/Corbis [PAR] Jefferson Memorial, Washington, D.C. [PAR] Geoff Tompkinson/GTImage.com (A Britannica Publishing Partner) [PAR] The circular colonnade was designed by John Russell Pope , Otto R. Eggers, and Daniel P. Higgins and drew its inspiration from the Pantheon in Rome as well as the Rotunda at the University of Virginia , which Jefferson himself designed. It is situated on 18 acres (7 hectares) and serves as the southern terminus of the north-south axis that includes the White House and the Washington Monument . The pediment over the portico depicts Jefferson reading his draft of the Declaration of Independence . In the centre of the domed, marble-lined interior is a 19-foot bronze figure of Jefferson sculpted by Rudolph Evans; excerpts from Jefferson’s writings—including the Declaration of Independence, the Statute for Religious Freedom, Notes on the State of Virginia, and several of his letters—are inscribed on the four interior panels. Along the frieze in the interior dome is a quotation from Jefferson: “I have sworn upon the altar of God eternal hostility against every form of tyranny over the mind of man.” [PAR] Thomas Jefferson, bronze statue by Rudolph Evans; in the Jefferson Memorial, Washington, D.C. [PAR] Hisham F. Ibrahim/Getty Images [PAR] Jefferson Memorial - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up) [PAR] The Jefferson Memorial (in full, the Thomas Jefferson Memorial) is a monument to the third president of the United States, Thomas Jefferson. Situated in East Potomac Park on the south bank of the Tidal Basin in Washington, D.C., the memorial was authorized in 1934 as part of a beautification program for the nation’s capital. Despite the objections of critics who disapproved of the memorial’s site on the Tidal Basin and of the monument’s Classical design, construction began in 1938 at the urging of President Franklin Roosevelt. The memorial was dedicated on April 13, 1943, the 200th anniversary of Jefferson’s birth. [PAR] Article Contributors[DOC] [TLE] Jefferson Memorial, Washington - A View On CitiesJefferson Memorial, Washington [PAR] Jefferson Memorial [PAR] The Jefferson Memorial pays tribute to Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States. [PAR] Jefferson Memorial [PAR] Jefferson Statue [PAR] Thomas Jefferson is one of the greatest figures in the history of the nation. The author of the Declaration of Independence was one of the founding fathers of the United States. [PAR] A firm believer in equal rights, democracy, education available to all, freedom of religion and separation between church and state, he gave form to the nascent nation still searching for its identity. Besides being a politician, Jefferson was also an architect, a writer, musician, scientist and inventor. [PAR] A new Memorial [PAR] President Franklin Delano Roosevelt felt that a person of such magnitude deserved a memorial, similar to the Lincoln Memorial and the Washington Monument . A commission was installed in 1934 to choose a design and location for the memorial. It took until 1936 before a design by John Russel Pope was'}, 'question': {'The Jefferson Memorial, completed in 1943, is in which city?'}}

['district of columbia']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] What Are Characters in Essay Writing Contests?What Are Characters in Essay Writing Contests? [PAR] Updated August 12, 2016 [PAR] What is the Definition of a Character in Writing? [PAR] Characters are the basic building blocks of writing. Technically, everything you type is a character, including letters, numbers, spaces, and punctuation. [PAR] Here\'s What Counts When You\'re Counting Your Characters: [PAR] Whether you are composing a writing contest entry, a Google headline, or a tweet, the number of characters you use in your writing is important. [PAR] So\xa0what counts as a character? Do spaces count? What about commas and periods? [PAR] Answer: [PAR] Most of the time, spaces, letters of the alphabet, numbers, and punctuation all count toward a character limit. For example, if you are writing a tweet on Twitter, you will be limited to 140 characters, and everything you type counts. [PAR] Some writing contests may not count spaces or punctuation toward their character count. But if the rules don\'t explicitly state that some characters are excluded from the character count, I would count them all. It\'s better to trim a few letters from your entry than to be disqualified for exceeding the character count. [PAR] How Can I Tell How Many Characters My Entry Has? [PAR] If you\'re not sure whether your entry is under the allowed character limit, don\'t worry, you don\'t have to count each one by hand. Here are a few easier ways to count your characters: [PAR] Use a Word Processor. Copy your entry into a word processor like MS Word. Then click on the Word Count feature to see the number of characters. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Use a Free Character Counter.\xa0There are several websites that offer a free character counter, where you just need to copy-paste your text to check the number of available characters. Some even let you specify whether spaces should be counted or not. I like using LetterCounter.com , but you can do a Google search for "character counters" to see all of your options. [PAR] When Are Character Counts Usually Used? [PAR] Most of the time, short writing is limited by characters. Longer pieces of writing usually use a word count as a limit. For example, a 500 word essay would be about a single page long, whereas a 500 character essay would be about 100 to 150 words long. [PAR] Continue Reading[DOC] [TLE] What\'s the ideal length of a Twitter post? - DonCrowther.comWhat\'s the ideal length of a Twitter post? - DonCrowther.com [PAR] What’s the ideal length of a Twitter post? [PAR] 140 characters. Right? [PAR] Wrong. Absolutely wrong. [PAR] Why? Because if you write a 140 character Twitter post, nobody can retweet it without editing it. [PAR] And since people are lazy, you aren’t getting retweeted! [PAR] What’s worse, is if your post is difficult to edit, like, for example a famous quote. [PAR] So what is the correct length for a Twitter post? [PAR] The answer is, it depends. [PAR] It depends on the length of your twitter handle, because that’s what’s required to append to the post to retweet. [PAR] Let’s take myself for an example. My handle is don_crowther (if anyone with Twitter connections could talk Twitter into getting whomever has locked down doncrowther and never posted on it, and give it to me instead, I would gladly send something nice [think a spankin new iPad] your way.) [PAR] Enough of the asides… :<( [PAR] Count the characters: don_crowther is 12 characters long. Add one for the @ sign. Then add 3 more for RT and the space which follows it and you have 12+1+3=16. [PAR] So the longest tweet I would want to tweet is 140-16=124 characters. [PAR] (Now I recognize that using Twitters new standardized retweeting structure, the 3 characters for RT and the space may not be necessary, but if you look at a RT on another tool like Tweetdeck, you’ll see RT there. So, include the 3 extra characters in your math.) [PAR] Your username will be different, so'}, 'question': {'"What is the maximum number of characters (including spaces) that can be used in a ""tweet""?"'}}

['140']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Medieval Sword Types List - Swords and WeaponsMedieval Sword Types List - Swords and Weapons [PAR] Medieval Sword Types List [PAR] Medieval Sword Types List [PAR] Posted by SAWboss on April 28, 2014 [PAR] Arming Sword - after the 14th century, with the appearance of the longsword the simple, single-handed weapon became known as a short sword or arming sword, since it hung from the belt of the knight, while his longsword hung from the saddle. In the mid-15th century treatise How a Man Shayl be Armyd, the author advises: “hys shorte swerde upon hys lyfte syde in a rounde ryunge all nakid to pulle out lightlie....and then hys long swerd in hys hand.’ [PAR] Backsword - The backsword was so named because it only had one cutting edge. The non-cutting edge (the back of the blade) was much thicker than the cutting edge thus creating a wedge type shape which was said to increase the weapons cutting capacity. Also known as a "Mortuary Sword", or the German "Reitschwert." [PAR] Basilard - a two-edged, long bladed dagger of the late Middle Ages, often worn with both civilian dress and armour. [PAR] Bastard Swords - developed in the mid 1400\'s as a form of long-sword with specially shaped grips for one or two hands. These swords typically had longer handles which allowed use by one or both hands. The sword\'s hilt often had side-rings and finger rings to defend the hand, and a more slender, or tapered, narrowly pointed blade. Bastard swords continued to be used by knights and men-at-arms into the 1500\'s, and for a time, enjoyed the civilian side-arm role that would later be superceded by the sidesword and rapier. [PAR] Broadsword - A term popularly misapplied as a generic synonym for medieval swords. The now popular misnomer "broadsword" as a term for medieval blades actually originated with Victorian collectors in the early 19th century. [PAR] The term " broadsword" seems to have originated in the 17th century, referring to a double-edged military sword, with a complex hilt. A medieval sword was simply called a "sword," a "short sword" (in the works of George Silver), or an "arming sword." [PAR] Further complicating the issue is a "true broadsword," which is actually an 18th century short naval cutlass. The term did not take on the meaning of a wide-bladed medieval sword until the later 19th century. Since then, it has entered popular use by collectors, museum curators, fight directors, and authors. What should modern students call it? The word "sword," seems to work very well. [PAR] Medieval swords appeared in a variety of forms, but generally had a long, wide, straight, double-edged blade with a simple cross-guard (or "cruciform" hilt). The typical form was a single hand weapon used for hacking, shearing cuts and also for limited thrusting which evolved from the Celtic and Germanic swords of late Antiquity. Over time, the sword became more tapered and rigid, to facilitate thrusting, and began to add a series of protective rings to the hilt, to defend the fingers and hand. This was the birth of the "cut and thrust" or "sidesword." [PAR] Claymore - Identified with the Scot\'s symbol of the warrior, the term "Claymore" is Gaelic for "claidheamh-more" (great sword). This two-handed broadsword was used by the Scottish Highlanders against the English in the 16th century and is often confused with a Basket-hilt "broadsword" (a relative of the Italian schiavona) whose hilt completely enclosed the hand in a cage- like guard. Both swords have come to be known by the same name since the late 1700\'s. [PAR] Compound-hilt - a term used for the various forms of swept, basket, and cage hilts found on Renaissance swords. The compound hilt is comprised of the quillon, side-rings, and a knuckle bar in a variety of configurations. [PAR] Cross-guard - the steel, cross-piece between the hand and'}, 'question': {'What is the name for a two-edged sword traditionally used by Scottish highlanders?'}}

['claymore' 'claymores']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] The Little Mermaid (statue)The Little Mermaid () is a bronze statue by Edvard Eriksen, depicting a mermaid. The sculpture is displayed on a rock by the waterside at the Langelinie promenade in Copenhagen, Denmark. It is tall and weighs 385 lb. [PAR] Based on the fairy tale of the same name by Danish author Hans Christian Andersen, the small and unimposing statue is a Copenhagen icon and has been a major tourist attraction since 1913. In recent decades it has become a popular target for defacement by vandals and political activists. [PAR] Mermaid is among iconic statues that symbolize cities; others include: Manneken Pis in Brussels, the Statue of Liberty in New York and Christ the Redeemer in Rio de Janeiro. In several cases, cities have commissioned statues for such a purpose, such as with Singapore's Merlion. [PAR] History [PAR] The statue was commissioned in 1909 by Carl Jacobsen, son of the founder of Carlsberg, who had been fascinated by a ballet about the fairytale in Copenhagen's Royal Theatre and asked the ballerina, Ellen Price, to model for the statue. The sculptor Edvard Eriksen created the bronze statue, which was unveiled on August 23, 1913. The statue's head was modelled after Price, but as the ballerina did not agree to model in the nude, the sculptor's wife, Eline Eriksen, was used for the body. [PAR] The Copenhagen City Council arranged to move the statue to Shanghai at the Danish Pavilion for the duration of the Expo 2010 (May to October), the first time it had been moved officially from its perch since it was installed almost a century earlier. While the statue was away in Shanghai an authorised copy was displayed on a rock in the lake in Copenhagen's nearby Tivoli Gardens. [PAR] Copenhagen officials have considered moving the statue several meters out into the harbour to discourage vandalism and to prevent tourists from climbing onto it, but as of May 2014 the statue remains on dry land at the water side. [PAR] Vandalism [PAR] This statue has been damaged and defaced many times since the mid-1960s for various reasons, but has been restored each time. [PAR] On April 24, 1964, the statue's head was sawn off and stolen by politically oriented artists of the Situationist movement, amongst them Jørgen Nash. The head was never recovered and a new head was produced and placed on the statue. On July 22, 1984, the right arm was sawn off and returned two days later by two young men.[http://jp.dk/indland/kbh/article1027279.ece Den Lille Havfrue reddet fra gramsende turister] (in Danish). Jyllands-Posten. Published August 1, 2007. Retrieved February 1, 2012. In 1990, an attempt to sever the statue's head left an deep cut in the neck. [PAR] On January 6, 1998, the statue was decapitated again; the culprits were never found, but the head was returned anonymously to a nearby television station, and reattached on February 4. On the night of September 10, 2003, the statue was knocked off its base with explosives and later found in the harbour's waters. Holes had been blasted in the mermaid's wrist and knee. [PAR] In 2004, the statue was draped in a burqa in a protest against Turkey's application to join the European Union. In May 2007, it was again found draped in Muslim dress and a head scarf. [PAR] Paint has been poured on the statue several times, including one episode in 1963 and two in March and May 2007. On March 8, 2006, a dildo was attached to the statue's hand, green paint was dumped over it, and the date March 8 were written on it. It is suspected that this vandalism was connected with International Women's Day, which is on March 8. [PAR] Copies [PAR] Aside from the statue on display, which is a replica of the original, thirteen undamaged copies of the statue are located around the world, listed by Mermaids of Earth, including Solvang, California; Kimballton, Iowa; Piatra Neamţ, Romania; Torrejón de Ardoz (Madrid), Spain; and a half-sized copy"}, 'question': {'"After 97 years since being installed on a rock in Copenhagen harbour, the statue of ""The Little Mermaid"" left its place in April 2010 to go where?"'}}

['shanghai']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] RMS Queen Elizabeth - Cunard whitestarline Wiki - WikiaRMS Queen Elizabeth | Cunard whitestarline Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Share [PAR] RMS Queen Elizabeth was an ocean liner operated by the Cunard Line. With her running mate Queen Mary, she provided luxury liner service between Southampton, UK and New York City, USA via Cherbourg, France. She was also contracted for over twenty years to carry the Royal Mail as the second half of the two ships\' weekly express service. [PAR] While being constructed, in the mid-1930s by John Brown and Company at Clydebank, Scotland, she was known as Hull 552 but when launched, on 27 September 1938, she was named in honour of Queen Elizabeth, who was then Queen Consort to King George VI and in 1952 became the Queen Mother. With a design that improved upon that of the Queen Mary, Queen Elizabeth was a slightly larger ship, the largest passenger liner ever built at that time and for fifty-six years thereafter. She also has the distinction of being the largest ever riveted ship by Gross Tonnage. She first entered service in February 1940 as a troopship in World War II, and it was not until October 1946 that she served in her intended role as an ocean liner. [PAR] With the decline in the popularity of the transatlantic route, both ships were replaced by Queen Elizabeth 2 in 1969. Queen Mary was retired from service on 9 December 1967, and was sold to the city of Long Beach, California. Queen Elizabeth was sold to a succession of buyers, most of whom had adventurous and unsuccessful plans for her. Finally she was sold to a Hong Kong businessmen Tung Chao Yung who intended to convert her into a floating University cruise ship. In 1972, while undergoing refurbishment in Hong Kong harbour, she caught fire under mysterious circumstances and was capsized by the water used to fight the fire. In 1973, her wreck was deemed an obstruction, and she was partially scrapped where she lay. Building and design On the day RMS Queen Mary sailed on her maiden voyage, Cunard\'s chairman, Sir Percy Bates, informed his ship designers that it was time to start designing the planned second ship known as Hull 552.[4] The official contract between Cunard and government financiers was signed on 6 October 1936.[5] [PAR] The new ship improved upon the design of Queen Mary[6] with sufficient changes, including a reduction in the number of boilers to twelve instead of Mary\'s twenty-four, that the designers could discard one funnel and increase deck, cargo and passenger space. The two funnels were braced internally to give a cleaner looking appearance while the forward well deck was omitted, a more refined hull shape was achieved and a sharper, raked bow was added for a third bow-anchor point,[6] so that she was ten feet longer than the older ship.[5] Queen Elizabeth was built on slipway four at John Brown & Company in Clydebank, Scotland. During her construction she was more commonly known by her shipyard number, Hull 552.[7] The interiors were designed by a team of artists headed by the architect George Grey Wornum.[8] Cunard\'s plan was for the ship to be launched in September 1938, with fitting out intended to be complete for the ship to enter service in the spring of 1940.[5] The Queen herself[6] performed the launching ceremony on 27 September 1938 and the ship was sent for fitting out.[5][6] It was announced that on 23 August 1939 the King and Queen were to visit the ship and tour the engine room and 24 April 1940 was to be the proposed date of her maiden voyage. Due to the outbreak of World War II, these two dates were postponed.[5] [PAR] Queen Elizabeth sat at the fitting-out dock at the shipyard in her Cunard colours until 2 November 1939, when the Ministry of Shipping issued special licences to declare her seaworthy. On 29 December her engines were tested for the first time, running from 0900 to 1600 with the propellers disconnected to monitor her oil and steam operating temperatures and pressures. Two months later Cunard received a letter from Winston Churchill,[9] then First Lord of the Admiralty, ordering the ship to leave Clydeside as soon as possible and "to keep away from the British Isles as'}, 'question': {'What liner was destroyed in Hong Kong harbour while undergoing renovations in 1972?'}}

['queen elizabeth']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Brooklyn: Kings County/Queens County, catherine of ...Brooklyn: Kings County/Queens County, catherine of braganza, anglican service [PAR] Kings County/Queens County [PAR] Expert: Cezar Del Valle - 1/19/2004 [PAR] Question [PAR] Hello, [PAR] \xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0Is there any chance you could tell me which king and queen, respectively, that Kings County and Queens County were named after? [PAR] \xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0I thank you in advance for any assistance. [PAR] \xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0Sorry, not exactly a theatre question, but people in the theatre tend to know everything... [PAR] Answer [PAR] Dear Michael Noonan; [PAR] The counties of New York were formed in 1683 when Charles II was king of England. Kings County was named for him. Queens was named for his wife Catherine of Braganza. She was never officially crowned Queen. Being Roman Catholic, Catherine refused to take part in an Anglican service. [PAR] Cezar[DOC] [TLE] Catherine of Braganza News - The New York TimesCatherine of Braganza News - The New York Times [PAR] A Borough President's Goal: Dethroning the Queen of Queens [PAR] By E. E. LIPPINCOTT [PAR] The note that sounded the end of her reign was quiet. Without pomp or circumstance, the new Queens borough president said that, as part of a redecoration of Borough Hall, a large mural featuring a portrait of Queen Catherine of Braganza would be... [PAR] January 27, 2002, Sunday [PAR] A Museum Of Tolerance Suggested for Statue Site [PAR] By E. E. LIPPINCOTT [PAR] A proposal to build a ''museum of tolerance'' instead of a long-disputed statue on a waterfront site has been quietly gathering support from local historians. The statue was to depict Catherine of Braganza, a 17th-century queen married to Charles... [PAR] January 21, 2001, Sunday [PAR] FOLLOWING UP [PAR] By TINA KELLEY [PAR] Not a Face to Launch Many Ships at All The statue of Queen Catherine of Braganza, once slated for a prime waterfront throne in the borough named for her (Queens, not Braganza), has had a horrible couple of years. Her supporters dwindled, her... [PAR] June 4, 2000, Sunday [PAR] To the Editor: Catherine's benefiting from the slave trade is not the only reason to oppose erection of her statue (''Will a Queen Be Homeless?'' Sept. 13). [PAR] October 11, 1998, Sunday [PAR] Will a Queen Be Homeless? [PAR] By RICHARD WEIR [PAR] If all had gone as planned, a 35-foot bronze statue of the 17th-century Queen Catherine would have been standing on public land along the Hunters Point riverfront next month. But while the artist, Audrey Flack, has sent her work to a foundry, a... [PAR] September 13, 1998, Sunday [PAR] Piece on Catherine Statue Should Have Named Artist [PAR] To the Editor: Re ''A Statue Fit for Queens'' (May 3): Seeing that you found it significant to quote Roy Gussow, an artist who -- other than to make a jealous comment -- has nothing to do with the controversy about which you have written, it would... [PAR] May 17, 1998, Sunday [PAR] A Statue Fit for Queens? [PAR] By RICHARD WEIR [PAR] Reported in newspapers from India to Germany, the furor over a planned statue of a 17th-century Queen Catherine returned last week to Hunters Point, the would-be waterfront home of the 50-foot bronze sculpture honoring the monarch who is widely... [PAR] May 3, 1998, Sunday [PAR] The Wrong Place for Queen Catherine [PAR] There is no comprehensive Who's Who of those involved in the trans-Atlantic slave trade. But even if one existed, it is highly unlikely that Queen Catherine of Braganza, a Portuguese noblewoman who became the wife of England's Charles II, would merit... [PAR] January 23, 1998, Friday [PAR] The Queen of Ethnic Nightmares; Cultural Politics Mires Statue of Borough's Namesake [PAR] By BARRY BEARAK [PAR] Among the homeless of New York, there is none more conspicuous than Catherine of Braganza. The Portuguese princess stands five stories high and is bronzed, bejeweled and highlighted with gold leaf. She cost about $2 million to create. The statue... [PAR] January 9, 1998, Friday [PAR] How"}, 'question': {'What part of New York City is named for Catherine of Braganza?'}}

['queens' 'queens borough' 'borough of queens']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Battle of the Plains of Abraham - The Canadian EncyclopediaBattle of the Plains of Abraham - The Canadian Encyclopedia [PAR] History [PAR] Battle of the Plains of Abraham [PAR] The Battle of the Plains of Abraham (13 September 1759) was a pivotal moment in the Seven Years’ War and in the history of Canada. A British invasion force led by General James Wolfe defeated French troops under the Marquis de Montcalm, leading to the surrender of Québec to the British. [PAR] The Battle of the Plains of Abraham (13 September 1759) was a pivotal moment in the Seven Years’ War and in the history of Canada. A British invasion force led by General James Wolfe defeated French troops under the Marquis de Montcalm , leading to the surrender of Québec to the British. Both commanding officers died from wounds sustained during the battle. The French never recaptured Québec and effectively lost control of New France in 1760. At the end of the war in 1763 France surrendered many of its colonial possessions — including Canada — to the British. [PAR] Seven Years War [PAR] The battle was a key moment in the Seven Years’ War (1756–63), which was fought in Europe, India and North America (American history books refer to the conflict in North America as the French and Indian War). On one side was the alliance of France, Austria, Sweden, Saxony, Russia and Spain; on the other, the alliance of Britain, Prussia and Hanover. While France was preoccupied by the hostilities in Europe, Britain targeted French colonies overseas and attacked the French navy and merchant fleet, in the hope of destroying France as a commercial rival. [PAR] Although the French repulsed several British attacks in North America — including the successful defence of Fort Carillon by Montcalm — the British had made significant gains by 1759. On 26 July 1758, they captured the fortress of Louisbourg on Île Royale ( Cape Breton Island ), which led to the seizure of other French positions in Atlantic Canada, and left New France exposed to British ships, which could now sail up the St. Lawrence River . One of the brigadiers of the Louisbourg expedition was James Wolfe , who was praised in Britain and its American colonies for his role in taking the fortress. [PAR] Expedition to Québec [PAR] Wolfe, supported by a naval force under Vice-Admiral Charles Saunders, was appointed commanding officer of the British assault against the fortress city of Québec in 1759. On 27 June 1759, Wolfe and his men landed on the Île d’Orléans ; by the middle of July, the British also occupied positions on the southern bank of the St. Lawrence River at Point Lévis (directly across from Québec), and on the northern shore about 13 km from the city, close to the Montmorency Falls and a French army encampment at Beauport . However, the French forces at Beauport were protected by the Montmorency River, and any attempts against the city of Québec would have to face the fort’s battery of guns as well as the strong currents of the St. Lawrence. The French would be difficult to dislodge. The British attacked the French position at Beauport on 31 July, but were met by fierce resistance and had to retreat. [PAR] At this point, Wolfe sent Brigadier James Murray to target French stores and shipping about 65 km upriver from Québec. While this reduced the supplies available to the French defenders, it did not lure Montcalm into open battle. In desperation, Wolfe resorted to the systematic destruction of the buildings and countryside around Québec, but Montcalm still refused to attack. However, in late August a number of British ships managed to navigate the difficult currents of the St. Lawrence River and sail past the Québec batteries, establishing a strong British naval presence upriver of the city. The British command therefore decided to try landing an invasion force upriver from Québec, cutting the city off from Montréal and thus compelling Montcalm and the French army to fight. [PAR] The British Attack [PAR] Wolfe decided to land at L’Anse-au-Foulon, about three km upstream from Québec City, at the base of a cliff 53 m high. While historians have debated the logic and merits of this decision, the British were fortunate, as the area was'}, 'question': {'The British and the French fought a battle on the Plains of Abraham in 1759. In which country did it take place?'}}

['canada']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] The Office - PilkipediaThe Office - Pilkipedia [PAR] The Office [PAR] Original The Office title card. [PAR] Genre [PAR] 9 July 2001 – 27 December 2003 [PAR] No. of episodes [PAR] IMDB Profile [PAR] The Office is a British television comedy series, created, written and directed by Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant , and first aired in the UK on BBC2 on July 9, 2001. Widely acclaimed as the most successful BBC comedy in this decade, two six-episode series have been made, along with a pair of 45-minute Christmas specials. The show has been sold in over 60 countries worldwide including ABC in Australia, TVNZ in New Zealand, and the pan-Asian satellite channel STAR World, based in Hong Kong. The American versionis Emmy award winning [PAR] The Office shares some themes in common with the 1999 movie Office Space, mainly the banal and dissatisfying nature of office jobs [1] . The show also shares themes with another social satire created by Gervais and Merchant, Extras , namely social clumsiness, the trivialities of human behavior, self-importance and conceit, frustration and desperation, and fame. [2] . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Summary [PAR] Spoiler warning: Plot and/or ending details follow. [PAR] The show is set in Slough, a satellite town of London, in a small branch of the fictitious paper company Wernham-Hogg (where "life is stationery"). The show has no laugh track and is in the mockumentary style, devised at a time when documentaries such as Airport and A Life of Grime (which follow people performing their jobs) were popular. [PAR] The office is managed by David Brent (Gervais) along with his assistant, Gareth Keenan (Mackenzie Crook), a lieutenant in the Territorial Army. Much of the series\' comedic success stems from David, who frequently makes attempts to win favour with his employees and peers with embarrassing or disastrous results. David\'s character flaws are used to comic effect, including numerous verbal gaffes, unconscious racism, sexism and other social faux-pas. [PAR] Other characters include the unassuming Tim Canterbury , whose relationship with bored receptionist Dawn Tinsley is a major arc in the series. Their flirtation soon builds to a mutual romantic attraction, despite her engagement to the dour and laddish warehouse worker, [PAR] The theme song for the show is "Handbags and Gladrags", written in the 1960s by Mike D’Abo. The version used in the title sequence was specially recorded for the show by session musicians. [PAR] Cast and Characters [PAR] Amazon [PAR] 6 [PAR] It is redundancies judgement day and David is told by Head Office that he will be promoted if he sacrifices the branch. True to his innate sense of self-preservation and greed David leaps at the chance for betterment. [PAR] Series 2 [PAR] The second series of The Office was originally broadcast in the UK on BBC 2 between 30 September and 4 November 2002. Again, there were six episodes. The outcome of series one\'s downsizing sees an influx of new staff to the Slough branch from the Swindon branch. Brent has to deal with a new boss, while Dawn is not the only one vying for Tim\'s attention. [PAR] Title [PAR] Amazon [PAR] 12 [PAR] The news of David \'s redundancy is not having the devastating effect on the office that he would have liked but brighter things are on the horizon as Inside Paper are writing a feature on him. However his life is about to go from low to lower. Ray and Jude from Cooper and Webb arrive and inform him, in front of Helena the Inside Paper journalist, that they won\'t be requiring his services anymore. [PAR] Christmas Specials [PAR] Although Ricky and Steve said there would be no further series, they did write two additional 45-minute episodes, which first aired in the UK on BBC One on Boxing Day and 27 December 2003. The episodes focused more on the mock-documentary format than in previous series and used it to catch up with the characters and frame their lives after the reality TV show "The Office". Having been sacked Brent is now a traveling salesman looking for love, but still has time to pop back to his old workplace. [PAR] Title [PAR] Amazon [PAR] 14 [PAR] David joins'}, 'question': {'"In the British series of ""The Office"", the character of Gareth is played by which actor?"'}}

['mackenzie crook']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Madeleine Albright First Woman Appointed to US Secretary ...Madeleine Albright First Woman Appointed to US Secretary of State | World History Project [PAR] Dec 5 1996 [PAR] Madeleine Albright First Woman Appointed to US Secretary of State [PAR] Madeleine Korbel Albright (born May 15, 1937) is the first woman to become a United States Secretary of State. [PAR] She was appointed by U.S. President Bill Clinton on December 5, 1996, and was unanimously confirmed by a U.S. Senate vote of 99-0. She was sworn in on January 23, 1997. [PAR] When Albright was confirmed as the 64th U.S. Secretary of State, she became the first female U.S. Secretary of State and the highest-ranking woman in the history of the U.S. government. Not being a natural-born citizen of the U.S., she was not eligible as U.S. Presidential successor and was excluded from nuclear contingency plans. As secretary, Albright reinforced the U.S.\'s alliances, advocated democracy and human rights, and promoted American trade and business, labor and environmental standards abroad. [PAR] During her tenure, Albright considerably influenced American policy in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Middle East. She incurred the wrath of a number of Serbs in the former Yugoslavia for her role in participating in the formulation of US policy during the Kosovo War and Bosnian war as well as the rest of the Balkans. But, together with President Bill Clinton, she remains a largely popular figure in the rest of the region, especially Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, and Croatia. According to Albright\'s memoirs, she once argued with Colin Powell for the use of military force by asking, "What’s the point of you saving this superb military for, Colin, if we can\'t use it?" [PAR] As Secretary of State she represented the U.S. at the Handover of Hong Kong on July 1, 1997. She boycotted the swearing-in ceremony of the China-appointed Hong Kong Legislative Council, which replaced the elected one, along with the British contingents. [PAR] According to several accounts, the U.S. Ambassador to Kenya, Prudence Bushnell, repeatedly asked Washington for additional security at the embassy in Nairobi, including in an April 1998 letter directly to Albright. Bushnell was ignored. In "Against All Enemies," Richard Clarke writes about an exchange with Albright several months after the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania were bombed in August 1998. "What do you think will happen if you lose another embassy?" Clarke asked. "The Republicans in Congress will go after you." "First of all, I didn\'t lose these two embassies," Albright shot back. "I inherited them in the shape they were." Albright was booed in 1998 when the brief war threat with Iraq revealed that citizens were opposed to such an invasion, although this is often overlooked. [PAR] In 1998, at the NATO summit, Albright articulated what would become known as the "three Ds" of NATO, "which is no diminution of NATO, no discrimination and no duplication—because I think that we don\'t need any of those three "Ds" to happen." [PAR] In 2000, Albright became one of the highest level Western diplomats ever to meet Kim Jong-il, the communist leader of North Korea, during an official state visit to that country. [PAR] In one of her last acts as Secretary of State, Albright on January 8, 2001, paid a farewell call on Kofi Annan and said that the U.S. would continue to press Iraq to destroy all its weapons of mass destruction as a condition of lifting economic sanctions, even after the end of the Clinton administration on January 20, 2001.[DOC] [TLE] Madeleine Albright, First Female Secretary of State ...Madeleine Albright, First Female Secretary of State | MAKERS Video [PAR] First Female Secretary of State [PAR] More From Madeleine [PAR] Albright on her late career start, building confidence, and holding her own with male statesmen. [PAR] Madeleine \'s Biography [PAR] Biggest Influence Never Met: Harry Truman [PAR] Three Adjectives to Describe Herself: Grateful, optimistic, and hard working [PAR] First Paying Job:\xa0In her high school years she sold bras. [PAR] Most Meaningful Advice Received:\xa0"From my mother, ‘'}, 'question': {'In 1997, who was appointed the first female US Secretary of State?'}}

['madeleine korbel albright']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Watford Football Club : William A. Powell : 9780750929042Watford Football Club : William A. Powell : 9780750929042 [PAR] Watford Football Club [PAR] Try AbeBooks [PAR] Description [PAR] This pictorial history of Watford Football Club features over 200 black-and-white photographs. It covers the origins of the club as far back as 1881 and describes how it moved from Cassio Road to Vicarage Road in 1922, its present home ground in the town. The author describes the many great personalities that have represented the club through the years: the founder Henry Grover, Jack "Darkie" Cother, Frank Hoddinott, Charlie White, Skilly Williams, Stuart Scullion and Billy Jennings. In the club\'s "glory years", it was under manager Graham Taylor and its chairman was Elton John. During this time, it climbed from Division 4 Champions (1977 / 78) to its highest football-league position - second place in Division 1 (1982 /83). The book covers the UEFA Cup run of 1983 / 4 and the subsequent FA Cup Final appearance against Everton, as well as the players who represented the club during that period, including Ross Jenkins, John Barnes, Heidar Helguson, Nick Wright and Tommy Smith. In 1997/98, Watford were crowned Division 2 Champions and were duly promoted to Division 1. In 1998/99, the club finished fifth in Division 1 and was granted a play-off position, winning the play-off final in Wembley on 31 May 1999. This meant that Taylor had led the club to the top flight of English football for the second time in 17 years. The club is now aiming to regain its Premiership status under the management of Gianluca Vialli Watford. show more [PAR] Product details[DOC] [TLE] Watford F.C. (Football Club) of the Barclay\'s Premier LeagueWatford F.C. (Football Club) of the Barclay\'s Premier League [PAR] Included Info: Brief History, Club/Stadium Info, Team Jersey & Much More... [PAR] BRIEF HISTORY of WATFORD FOOTBALL CLUB (reproduced from \'Wikipedia\' pages) [PAR] Watford Rovers was formed in 1881 by Henry Groverand, who went on to play for the club as a full-back. Rovers, originally composed entirely of amateur players, held home games at several locations in the town of Watford. The team first competed in the FA Cup in the 1886�87 season, and in 1889 Watford won the County Cup for the first time. The team became the football section of West Hertfordshire Sports Club in 1890, and consequently moved to a ground on Cassio Road. Renamed as West Hertfordshire in 1893, Rovers joined the Southern Football League in 1896, and started to pay professional footballers in 1897. West Hertfordshire merged with local rivals Watford St Mary\'s in 1898; the merged team was named Watford Football Club. Despite financial constraints, Watford won the Southern League title in the 1914�15 season under his successor, Harry Kent. Watford held the title for five years following the suspension of the Southern League during the First World War � after finishing the 1919�20 season runners-up on goal average, the club resigned from the Southern League to join the new Football League Third Division. [PAR] From 1921�22, the third tier of The Football League consisted of two parallel sections of 22 clubs, fighting both for promotion to the Second Division and also battling to hold on to their league status. Watford finished outside the top six league positions in every season between 1922 and 1934. The team recorded five consecutive top six finishes between 1934�35 and 1938�39, and won the Football League Third Division South Cup in 1937. The Football League was suspended in 1939 due to the Second World War. It resumed in 1946, with Watford still in the Third Division South. A 23rd-placed finish in 1950�51 meant that the club had to apply for re-election to the league once more, but again teams in the First and Second Divisions unanimously voted for Watford to stay in the league. In 1969, Watford secured the league title in April, at home to Plymouth Argyle. A year later Watford reached the FA Cup semi-final for the first time, defeating First Division teams Stoke City'}, 'question': {'Who became chairman of the Watford Football Club for the second time in 1997?'}}

['elton john' 'eltonjohn']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Mull | Define Mull at Dictionary.comMull | Define Mull at Dictionary.com [PAR] to mix (clay and sand) under a roller for use in preparing a mold. [PAR] Origin [PAR] Expand [PAR] 1400-50; compare dial.: to crumble, pulverize, Middle English mollen, mullen, orig., to moisten, soften by wetting; see moil [PAR] Mull [PAR] an island in the Hebrides, in W Scotland. About 351 sq. mi. (910 sq. km). [PAR] Dictionary.com Unabridged [PAR] Examples from the Web for mull [PAR] Expand [PAR] Contemporary Examples [PAR] Residents, both locals and expats, mull it over in daily conversations: whose apartment got robbed last night? [PAR] Historical Examples [PAR] The ideal dress is of mull with much or little valenciennes lace (real) and finest hand embroidery. [PAR] Etiquette Emily Post [PAR] I was awakened by a cry from mull, who was also by this time at the Duke\'s side. [PAR] The Bbur-nma in English Babur, Emperor of Hindustan [PAR] mull is said to contain six thousand, and Sky fifteen thousand. [PAR] British Dictionary definitions for mull [PAR] Expand [PAR] (transitive) often foll by over. to study or ponder [PAR] Word Origin [PAR] (transitive) to heat (wine, ale, etc) with sugar and spices to make a hot drink [PAR] Derived Forms [PAR] a light muslin fabric of soft texture [PAR] Word Origin [PAR] C18: earlier mulmull, from Hindi malmal [PAR] mull4 [PAR] a layer of nonacidic humus formed in well drained and aerated soils Compare mor [PAR] Word Origin [PAR] C20: from Danish muld; see mould³ [PAR] mull5 [PAR] C14: related to Gaelic maol, Icelandic múli [PAR] Mull [PAR] noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] a mountainous island off the west coast of Scotland, in the Inner Hebrides, separated from the mainland by the Sound of Mull. Chief town: Tobermory. Pop: 2667 (2001). Area: 909 sq km (351 sq miles) [PAR] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [PAR] © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins [PAR] Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 [PAR] Word Origin and History for mull [PAR] Expand [PAR] v. [PAR] "ponder," 1873, perhaps from a figurative use of Middle English mullyn "grind to powder, pulverize," from molle "dust, ashes, rubbish" (c.1300), probably from Middle Dutch mul "grit, loose earth," related to mill (n.1). But Webster\'s (1879) defined it as "to work steadily without accomplishing much," which may connect it to earlier identical word in athletics sense of "to botch, muff" (1862). Related: Mulled; mulling. [PAR] "sweeten, spice and heat a drink," c.1600, of unknown origin, perhaps from Dutch mol, a kind of white, sweet beer, or from Flemish molle a kind of beer, and related to words for "to soften." Related: Mulled; mulling. [PAR] n. [PAR] "promontory" (in Scottish place names), late 14c., perhaps from Old Norse muli "a jutting crag, projecting ridge (between two valleys)," which probably is identical with muli "snout, muzzle." The Norse word is related to Old Frisian mula, Middle Dutch mule, muul, Old High German mula, German Maul "muzzle, mouth." Alternative etymology traces it to Gaelic maol "brow of a hill or rock," also "bald," from Old Celtic *mailo-s (cf. Irish maol, Old Irish máel, máil, Welsh moel). [PAR] Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper'}, 'question': {'What Scottish place name is used for a promontory?'}}

['mull']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] On This Day | April 13, 1997: Tiger Woods wins Masters at 21BBC ON THIS DAY | 13 | 1997: Tiger Woods wins Masters at 21 [PAR] About This Site | Text Only [PAR] 1997: Tiger Woods wins Masters at 21 [PAR] The 21-year-old golfing sensation Eldrick "Tiger" Woods has become the youngest-ever player to win the US Masters Championships. [PAR] He put in a virtuoso performance that left his opponents far behind and smashed almost every record in the book. [PAR] His winning margin was 12 strokes - three more than the previous record, held by Jack Nicklaus. [PAR] His final four-round score was 270 strokes, 18 under par - the tournament record. [PAR] He is also the first black player to win a major golf championship, and has said he intends to use his success to encourage minorities to play golf. [PAR] Slow start [PAR] His challenge started slowly, but quickly gathered pace until by the end of the second day he had taken the lead. [PAR] By the end of day three, he had increased his lead to nine shots, and his nearest rival, Colin Montgomerie, was telling journalists that there was "no chance Tiger Woods is just going to lose this tournament." [PAR] The only question was by what margin this golfing phenomenon would trounce his rivals. [PAR] "I never thought I would have a lead like I did," said Woods after the tournament, dressed in the coveted green jacket awarded to winners of the Masters. [PAR] "You envision duelling it out with Nicklaus or Watson or Faldo� but never to do it in the fashion I did." [PAR] Admiration [PAR] His rivals had nothing but admiration for his decisive victory. [PAR] "This seems to be the next generation, said Tom Kite, competing in his 24th Masters. "He seems to have leapfrogged the rest of the field." [PAR] Woods, a child prodigy who won his first public competition at the age of three, had already astonished golfing fans by winning an unprecedented three consecutive US Amateur championships from 1994 to 1996. [PAR] He turned professional just eight months ago, his profile already so high that he was immediately signed up for endorsement deals worth $60 million. [PAR] There was immediate speculation over Woods\'s chances of winning the Grand Slam - the Masters, the US Open, and the US PGA Championship. Woods refused to rule it out. [PAR] "It\'s only a matter of getting hot four times and having a lot of luck at the right time," he told journalists.[DOC] [TLE] Tiger Woods wins his first Masters - Apr 13, 1997 ...Tiger Woods wins his first Masters - Apr 13, 1997 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Tiger Woods wins his first Masters [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Tiger Woods wins his first Masters [PAR] Author [PAR] Tiger Woods wins his first Masters [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Tiger Woods, whose father is African-American and mother is Thai, becomes the first person of color to win the Masters at Augusta National Golf Club, which admitted its first black member in 1990. [PAR] Eldrick “Tiger” Woods was born December 30, 1975, in Cypress, California. A golf prodigy, Woods began swinging a club at age two and went on to win three U.S. Junior Amateurs followed by three straight U.S. Amateur championships. After playing for Stanford University, he turned pro in August 1996 and that season was named the PGA Rookie of the Year. On April 13, 1997, Woods, then 21, won his first major tournament, the Masters at Augusta National in Georgia. Woods’ 72-hole score, an amazing 18-under-par 270, was the lowest in the tournament history and shattered a record of 271 shared by Jack Nicklaus and Raymond Floyd. Additionally, Woods, who defeated Tom Kite by a record-setting margin of 12 strokes, became the youngest person to don the green sport coat given to each year’s Masters victor, as well as the first winner of African or Asian descent. [PAR] Augusta National opened in 1933 and hosted the first Masters tournament, one of pro golf’s four major championships, in 1934. In 1975, Lee Elder became the first black golfer'}, 'question': {'How old was Tiger Woods when he won the US Masters in 1997?'}}

['21']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Prince William and Kate release official engagement photos ...Prince William and Kate release official engagement photos - NY Daily News [PAR] Prince William and fiancée Kate Middleton release official engagement photos by Mario Testino [PAR] Prince William and Kate release official engagement photos [PAR] Prince William and Kate Middleton released their first official engagement photos by Mario Testino. [PAR] (Handout) [PAR] DAILY NEWS STAFF WRITER [PAR] Sunday, December 12, 2010, 4:00 AM [PAR] Months before the happy couple are set to wed, Prince William and fiancée Kate Middleton are already showing a little royal flush - in their newly released engagement photos, that is. [PAR] The much-talked-about princess-to-be and her prince charming posed during a two-hour shoot with fashion photographer Mario Testino , and the results were glowing, according to the world-renowned photographer. [PAR] "I am very happy to have been asked to cover this historic moment that the whole world was waiting for," Testino said in a statement . "I have never felt so much joy as when I see them together." [PAR] The two released snapshots show the pair comfortably cuddled together in one and elegantly poised in the other. Middleton, 28, showed off her distinct features and shiny tresses against a white Reiss dress, Links earrings \xa0and that ring. [PAR] Prince William, 28, meanwhile, looked dapper in a Turnbull and Asser suit. The ecstatic husband-to-be hand-picked Testino for the royal portraits, having worked with him before both with brother Prince Harry and his late mother, Princess Diana . [PAR] According to People , Middleton took matters into her own hands and did her own makeup for the photos, with just a little help from Testino\'s makeup artist for touch-ups. [PAR] The engagement photos were shot on November 25 at St. James\' Palace in London , and the grand wedding is set to take place on April 29 at London\'s Westminster Abbey .[DOC] [TLE] This is a job for Super Mario | The Sunday TimesThis is a job for Super Mario | The Sunday Times [PAR] This is a job for Super Mario [PAR] Princess Diana’s favourite photographer, Mario Testino, has shot Prince William and Kate Middleton’s engagement portrait [PAR] Richard Brooks, Arts Editor Published: 12 December 2010 [PAR] Following their engagement in November 2010, Prince William and Kate Middleton released this shot as one of two official portrait photographs taken to mark their engagement [PAR] Photograph: Copyright 2010 Mario Testino [PAR] He most famously took alluring photographs of Princess Diana. Now Mario Testino has been entrusted with taking the engagement pictures of her son Prince William and his fiancée, Kate Middleton. [PAR] The Peruvian has become the unofficial court photographer to St James’s in the way that Cecil Beaton once reigned supreme at Buckingham Palace for the Queen and the late Queen Mother. [PAR] Testino is best known for his empathy towards female subjects such as Gwyneth Paltrow, Julia Roberts, Kate Moss and Catherine Zeta-Jones. [PAR] He took memorable pictures of Princess Diana for Vanity Fair magazine that were published in July 1997, one month before she was killed in a car crash in Paris. [PAR] She seems happy and relaxed, lying on sofas and pillows and laughing at the camera. Testino said later that she was delighted with the photographs, telling him that her “children had said to her it was the most ‘her’ [PAR] Subscribe now[DOC] [TLE] Prince William & Kate Middleton\'s Official Engagement ...Prince William & Kate Middleton’s Official Engagement Photos by Mario Testino [PAR] Prince William & Kate Middleton’s official engagement portraits by Mario Testino [PAR] [ad#textbanner1] [PAR] Two new official photographs of Prince William and his fiancee Kate Middleton, taken by Mario Testino, were released Sunday to mark their engagement. [PAR] One portrait is an intimate close-up of the prince hugging his bride-to-be, while the other shows the two 28-year-olds in a more formal pose, standing side by side in the red carpeted council chamber of St James’ Palace in London. [PAR] They were taken on November 25, nine days after the couple announced they were finally tying the knot after an eight-'}, 'question': {'Who took the official photographs on 25 November, relating to the engagement of Prince William and Kate Middleton, which were released in December 2010?'}}

['mario testino']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Who is Lotte Lenya dating? Lotte Lenya boyfriend, husbandWho is Lotte Lenya dating? Lotte Lenya boyfriend, husband [PAR] From Russia with Love (1963) [PAR] Year(s) Active [PAR] 1922–1981 [PAR] Lotte Lenya (18 October 1898 – 27 November 1981) was an Austrian singer, diseuse, and actress, long based in the United States. In the German-speaking and classical music world she is best remembered for her performances of the songs of her husband, Kurt Weill. In English-language cinema, she was nominated for an Academy Award for her role as a jaded aristocrat in The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (1961). She also played the murderous and sadistic Rosa Klebb in the James Bond movie From Russia with Love (1963). [PAR] More about Lotte Lenya[DOC] [TLE] Lotte Lenya - James Bond ActressesLotte Lenya - James Bond Actresses [PAR] Cancer [PAR] Summary [PAR] Lotte Lenya developed an interest in dance into a long and successful stage and film career, the height of which was her role as SPECTRE agent Rosa Klebb in From Russia with Love in 1963. She will forever be remembered for her astounding performance, as well as for the poison tipped knife concealed in her shoe. [PAR] Biography [PAR] Lotte Lenya was born in Vienna, Austria in 1898, into a working class family. She had long aspired to be a dancer, and moved to Switzerland in 1914 to study classical dance and singing. She got her first role on stage the same year and moved to Berlin, Germany to find more work and to focus further on her acting career. While there she met a German composer named Kurt Weill, who she went on to marry in 1926. [PAR] In 1933 political problems began to arise in Germany, and Lotte fled to Paris to escape the reins of Hitler. The stress of moving and readjusting to her new life resulted in her splitting up with Kurt. They were to reunite two years later however, and eventually remarried after emigrating to the United States. Lotte acted in many of Kurt's plays and musicals until his death in 1950, after which she continued to promote his music to honour his life in composition. [PAR] Although Lenya had a successful life in stage, she is better known for the film career that would follow. Her first major role was in The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone in 1961, where she played the character Contessa Magda Gonzales, who introduces a retired actress and recently widowed woman to a young Italian man. The role won her a nomination for both an Oscar and a Golden Globe award. She reached the height of her fame when she accepted the role of SPECTRE agent Rosa Klebb in the second James Bond film From Russia with Love. [PAR] Lotte Lenya has had an astounding career in stage and film, and will be forever remembered by Bond fans worldwide for her iconic portrayal of the cruel and villainous woman who had a poison tipped knife concealed in her right shoe. [PAR] Roles in James Bond Movies [PAR] From Russia with Love (1963) as Rosa Klebb [PAR] Trivia [PAR] In The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone, Lotte starred across from Jill St. John , who would go on to play lead Bond girl Tiffany Case in Diamonds are Forever in 1971 [PAR] Rumour has it that after her success in From Russia with Love, many people she met would quickly look at her shoes, due to the high popularity of the Poison-tipped Shoe Knife Gadget she was equipped with in the movie. [PAR] The book Lenya The Legend : A Pictorial Autobiography was published in 1998 to coincide with the 100th anniversary of her birth. It was edited and compiled by David Farneth, and included interviews and letters written by Lotte. [PAR] Lotte was born Karoline Wilhelmine Charlotte Blamaue, and used the stage name Lotte Lenja, before changing the spelling to Lenya [PAR] Awards/Nominations [PAR] Lotte was nominated for both an Oscar and Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress in The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone in 1961 [PAR] Lotte came third place for a Golden Laurel award in the best female supporting performance category for her portrayal of Rosa Klebb in From Russia with love in 1963 [PAR] Lotte won a Tony Award for her performance in The Threepenny Opera, which ran almost 3000 times"}, 'question': {'"Lotte Lenya, who played Rosa Klebb in ""From Russia With Love"" and the Contessa in ""The Roman Spring of Mrs Stone"", was married to whom?"'}}

['kurt weil' 'kurt weill']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] 3 Card Brag, Play Brag Online, Rules, Strategy Cheats and More3 Card Brag, Play Brag Online, Rules, Strategy Cheats and More [PAR] Contact Us [PAR] 3 Card Brag, Rules, Hints, Tips, Cheats [PAR] 3 Card Brag has been played for over five centuries in bars, clubs and homes throughout the United Kingdom, and before the boom of Internet poker was possibly the most popular gambling card game there was. [PAR] Featured in the Guy Ritchie film “Lock Stock and Two Smoking Barrels”, 3 card brag is enjoying a renaissance due to its introduction on a number of online casino and bookmakers’ web sites. [PAR] The rules for the online version differ slightly from the traditional “live” game in respect of the betting process, with 3 card brag real money cash games utilising poker-style small blinds and big blinds, rather than antes. [PAR] The re-shuffling of the pack after each hand is also a departure from the way the game has been played in the past – a factor which removes the necessity to keep a mental note of the cards that have been revealed in preceding hands. [PAR] Traditional 3 Card Brag [PAR] The only true form of 3 card brag is the traditional version which many of you will have played growing up as I did. This website aims to be an authority on traditional brag and provide useful, informative posts to help players understand the traditional rules and learn some live 3 card brag strategy . [PAR] I mention many times on this site about how the popularity of the game dwindled due to the explosion of poker in 2003, but you can still find many games of 3 card being played around the UK. [PAR] In my opinion it’s really only a matter of time before its popularity grows again. After all things do tend to come in and out of fashion, and as 3 card brag has been around for over 500 years I can’t see it going anywhere, can you? [PAR] Play 3 Card Brag Online [PAR] It’s here and we are happy to say you can now play 3 card brag online for real money against other players. For us this is a big deal as brag deserves to have it’s place online among the vast amount of poker sites. [PAR] Three Card Brag is a UK card game which is played in homes, pubs and clubs around the country, less often since poker appeared on the scene in around 2003 but brag is making a comeback and players who once sat in smoke filled rooms are now logging on to play brag online. [PAR] Brag is a simple game to play and far less technical than poker, is a pure card game where bluffing is very common and betting without seeing your card aka “betting blind” is common place, the online game is again slightly different than what you may be used to but it’s just about exact except for a couple of changes, please see how to play online 3 card brag . [PAR] Three Card Brag News[DOC] [TLE] About Three Card Poker - Gamblers' BookcaseAbout Three Card Poker [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] About Three Card Poker [PAR] Have you ever wondered how to play Three Card Poker (sometimes called Tri-Card Poker) or which Three Card Poker strategy works the best? You see this popular table game in just about every casino these days and for good reason. It is a fun, fast game with good odds and a relatively low house advantage. Couple that with the fact that the Three Card Poker rules are easy to learn and you can easily see why it has become one of the most successful table games in recent years. So successful in fact that there is now a Three Card Poker Tournament played every year with a grand prize worth $500,000. [PAR] There are a few variants to the game like Casino Brag (Sometimes called Brit Brag) and Three Card Brag. Casino Brag is commonly seen in European markets and differs from Three Card Poker in that the dealer needs an ace-queen to qualify. Three-Card Brag is a British card game and has very little in common with the Las Vegas or Atlantic City Three"}, 'question': {'"""Five card brag"" is a simplified verion of what game?"'}}

['poker']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Decimal DayOn 15 February 1971, known as Decimal Day, the United Kingdom and Ireland decimalised their currencies. [PAR] Under the old currency of pounds, shillings and pence, the pound was made up of 240 pence (denoted by the letter d for Latin denarius and now referred to as "old pence"), with 12 pence in a shilling and 20 shillings (denoted by s for Latin solidus) in a pound. [PAR] The loss of value of the currency meant that the "old" penny, with the same diameter as the US half-dollar, was of relatively slight value, while the farthing, which was worth one-quarter of an old penny, had been demonetised on 1 January 1961. [PAR] United Kingdom [PAR] Background [PAR] The Coinage Act of 1792 had officially authorized the United States as the first English-speaking nation to have decimalized currency, although Tsar Peter the Great used the concept for the Russian ruble close to a century earlier, in 1704, while China has used such a decimal system for at least 2000 years. The United Kingdom\'s Parliament rejected Sir John Wrottesley\'s proposals to decimalise sterling in 1824, which was prompted by the introduction in 1795 of the decimal French franc. After this defeat, little practical progress towards decimalisation was made for over a century, with the exception of the two-shilling silver florin (worth 1/10 of a pound) first issued in 1849. A double florin or four-shilling piece was a further step in that direction but failed to gain acceptance and was struck only from 1887 to 1890. [PAR] The Decimal Association was founded in 1841 to promote decimalisation and metrication, both causes that were boosted by a realisation of the importance of international trade following the 1851 Great Exhibition. It was as a result of the growing interest in decimalisation that the florin was issued. [PAR] In their preliminary report, the Royal Commission on Decimal Coinage (1856–1857) considered the benefits and problems of decimalisation but did not draw any conclusion about the adoption of any such scheme. A final report in 1859 from the two remaining commissioners, Lord Overstone and Governor of the Bank of England John Hubbard came out against the idea, claiming it had "few merits". [PAR] In 1862, the Select Committee on Weights and Measures favoured the introduction of decimalisation to accompany the introduction of metric weights and measures. [PAR] The decimalisation movement even entered fiction. In Anthony Trollope\'s Palliser novels (and more so in the television series based on them), Plantagenet Palliser is a passionate advocate of decimalisation, a cause the other characters seem to find intensely boring. Palliser\'s scheme would have divided the shilling into ten (presumably revalued) pennies. This would have changed the threepence into 2.5 new pence, the sixpence into fivepence and the half crown into a two shilling, five pence piece. It would also have required the withdrawal and reissuance of the existing copper coinage. At the end of the fifth book in the series, The Prime Minister, Palliser (now Duke of Omnium) muses that the reform will not be accomplished, since it can only be done by a Chancellor of the Exchequer sitting in the House of Commons, and the Duke now sits in the House of Lords. [PAR] The Royal Commission on Decimal Coinage (1918–20), chaired by Lord Emmott, reported in 1920 that the only feasible scheme was to divide the pound into 1000 mills (the pound and mill system, first proposed in 1824) but that this would be too inconvenient. A minority of four members disagreed, saying that the disruption would be worthwhile. A further three members recommended that the pound should be replaced by the Royal, consisting of 100 halfpennies (i.e. there would be 4.8 Royals to the former pound). [PAR] In 1960, a report prepared jointly by the British Association for the Advancement of Science and the Association of British Chambers of Commerce, followed by the success of decimalisation in South Africa, prompted the Government to set up the Committee of the Inquiry on Decimal Currency (Halsbury Committee) in 1961, which reported in 1963. The adoption of the changes suggested in the report was announced on 1 March 1966'}, 'question': {'When did the United Kingdom convert to decimal currency?'}}

['15 february 1971']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] 3 Ways to Select and Use Chokos (Chayote Squash) - wikiHow3 Ways to Select and Use Chokos (Chayote Squash) - wikiHow [PAR] Selecting Chokos [PAR] 1 [PAR] Choose a firm choko. Find one that’s not too soft, about the texture of a pepper. Try to avoid those overly wrinkled as well. You should also avoid substantial bruising or blemishes. [2] [PAR] 2 [PAR] Select chokos of singular color. Light green is preferred. While chokos can range from a darker green to white, you want to be sure to select one that is not multi-colored. [3] The multi-coloring is a sign of aging, and a white typically means it’s overly ripe. [4] [PAR] In some countries, the large, white chokos are simply used to replant or to feed animals. [PAR] 3 [PAR] Select smaller fruit. The fruit should be small, roughly 6cm long, and without any bruising or indentation. This size indicates a younger fruit. [5] The larger chokos are less flavorful, and somewhat unappetizing. [PAR] Method [PAR] Using Chokos [PAR] 1 [PAR] Refrigerate unused chokos. Use plastic bags to keep them stored in the vegetable crisper of your refrigerator. Chokos will last anywhere from 10 days to a few weeks. [6] [PAR] 2 [PAR] Peel large chokos. Larger chokos are typically older, and they should be peeled before cooking. The peel is often sticky, so gloves are a good idea. Or running water can be used while peeling to minimize the feel of it. [7] [PAR] Small chokos, about the size of an egg, can be eaten raw. They can also be tossed straight into salads, stews, and soups. [PAR] 3 [PAR] Cut and deseed the choko. The fruit itself is rarely served whole. Some dishes call for halving, quartering, or dicing. Once it’s been peeled, cut it as required for the recipe. The seeds should be removed unless you want a slightly nutty flavor. [PAR] 4 [PAR] Add it to stews. Peel and dice the chokos to a size they can be added to stews. Once the stew is mature, add in the choko chunks. By putting in the chokos late, you’ll keep some of the firmness and the flavor of the stew will be absorbed. [8] [PAR] 5 [PAR] Create a stand-alone side dish. Chokos are delightful when minimally prepared. Peel, halve, and steam your chokos until tender. Once they are the right firmness, add some lemon or lime juice, and finish with some butter or olive oil. Salt and pepper to taste. [9] [PAR] 6 [PAR] Fill in your pies. Chokos often take on surrounding flavors. Peel and deseed the choko, then slice it as you would an apple. Try using a few chokos in your next apple pie for a cheaper option than apples and a hint of nutty flavor. [10] [PAR] 7 [PAR] Deep fry choko. You can fry thin slices of choko dipped in batter or beaten egg and breadcrumbs. Dip them into hot oil and fry until golden brown, like a fries or onion rings. [PAR] Method [PAR] Making Choko Recipes [PAR] 1 [PAR] Cook Mock Pears. Chokos are so ubiquitous in Australia they are substituted for pears in some cases. Try this tasty recipe to replace the pear with something that grows a little faster and lasts a little longer. [11] [PAR] Peel, deseed, and quarter a choko. [PAR] Place the chokos in a pan filled with enough water to cover the tops of the chunks. [PAR] Sprinkle in three tablespoons of sugar for sweetness. [PAR] Squeeze half a lemon to bring in some acidity. If you like lemon flavor, squeeze the entire lemon or add some zest. [PAR] Add in a few drops of pink or red food coloring for show. [PAR] Slow-boil the chokos until they are tender, like the consistency of a pear. Serve it with custard. [PAR] 2 [PAR] Make a chutney. Add some fruit and vegetables to a bit of seasoning and you can make a great accompaniment to your favorite dishes. It can be used as a dip or a spread for'}, 'question': {'The common choko is what colour when ripe?'}}

['green']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Stephen FryStephen John Fry (born 24 August 1957) is an English comedian, actor, writer, presenter and activist. After a troubled childhood and adolescence, during which he was expelled from two schools and spent three months in prison for credit card fraud, Fry secured a place at Queens\' College, Cambridge, where he studied English literature. While at university, he became involved with the Cambridge Footlights, where he met his long-time collaborator Hugh Laurie. As half of the comic double act Fry and Laurie, he co-wrote and co-starred in A Bit of Fry & Laurie and also took the role of Jeeves (with Laurie playing Wooster) in Jeeves and Wooster. [PAR] Fry\'s acting roles include a Golden Globe Award–nominated lead performance in the film Wilde, Melchett in the BBC television series Blackadder, the title character in the television series Kingdom, a recurring guest role as Dr Gordon Wyatt on the crime series Bones, and as Gordon Deitrich in the dystopian thriller V for Vendetta. He has also written and presented several documentary series, including the Emmy Award–winning Stephen Fry: The Secret Life of the Manic Depressive, which saw him explore his bipolar disorder, and the travel series Stephen Fry in America. He is also the long-time host of the BBC television quiz show QI. [PAR] Besides working in television, Fry has contributed columns and articles for newspapers and magazines and written four novels and three volumes of autobiography, Moab Is My Washpot, The Fry Chronicles and More Fool Me. He also appears frequently on BBC Radio 4, starring in the comedy series Absolute Power, being a frequent guest on panel games such as Just a Minute, and acting as chairman for I\'m Sorry I Haven\'t a Clue, where he was one of a trio of hosts who succeeded the late Humphrey Lyttelton. Fry is also known for his voice-overs, reading all seven of the Harry Potter novels for the UK audiobook recordings, narrating the LittleBigPlanet and Birds of Steel series of video games, as well as an animated series of explanations of the laws of cricket, and a series of animations about Humanism for the British Humanist Association. [PAR] Early life and education [PAR] Fry was born in Hampstead, London, on 24 August 1957, the son of Marianne Eve Fry (née Newman) and Alan John Fry, a British physicist and inventor. The Fry family originates in Dorset, at Shillingstone and Blandford; in the early 1800s, Samuel Fry (second son of James Fry, of Shillingstone and Blandford) settled in Surrey, with his descendants residing in Middlesex. [PAR] Fry\'s mother is Jewish, but he was not raised in a religious family. His maternal grandparents, Martin and Rosa Neumann, were Hungarian Jews, who emigrated from Šurany (now Slovakia) to Britain in 1927. Rosa\'s parents, who originally lived in Vienna, Austria, were sent to a concentration camp in Riga, Latvia, where they were murdered. His mother\'s aunt and cousins were sent to Auschwitz and Stutthof and never seen again. Fry\'s father is English, and his paternal grandmother had roots in Kent and Cheshire. [PAR] Fry grew up in the village of Booton near Reepham, Norfolk, having moved from Chesham, Buckinghamshire, at an early age. He has an elder brother, Roger, and a younger sister, Joanna. [PAR] Fry briefly attended Cawston Primary School in Cawston, Norfolk, before going on to Stouts Hill Preparatory School in Uley, Gloucestershire, at the age of seven, and then to Uppingham School, Rutland, where he joined Fircroft house, and was described as a "near-asthmatic genius". He was expelled from Uppingham when he was 15 and subsequently from the Paston School. [PAR] At 17, after leaving Norfolk College of Arts and Technology, Fry absconded with a credit card stolen from a family friend. He had taken a coat when leaving a pub, planning to spend the night sleeping rough, but had then discovered the card in a pocket. He was arrested in Swindon, and, as a result, spent three months in Pucklechurch'}, 'question': {'"What British television programme starring Stephen Fry, based in a small Norfolk town (where the local pub is called the ""Startled Duck""), was cancelled after 3 series?"'}}

['kingdom' 'kingdom tv series']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Robert Whitaker: Our 'lager loutish' wedding? It was ...Robert Whitaker: Our 'lager loutish' wedding? It was mostly early nights... - Telegraph [PAR] Equestrianism [PAR] Robert Whitaker: Our 'lager loutish' wedding? It was mostly early nights... [PAR] Robert and Kate Whitaker, part of one of Britain's most successful sporting dynasties, on showjumping, their plans for a family - and how their beachfront wedding ended up on TripAdvisor [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Robert Whitaker\xa0Photo: COPYRIGHT : JULIAN SIMMONDS [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Robert Whitaker and his wife on their wedding day\xa0Photo: Robert Whitaker [PAR] By Victoria Lambert [PAR] Comments [PAR] When Robert and Kate Whitaker’s January Barbados wedding made the news – thanks to a TripAdvisor review of their hotel last month , which ranted that their ''posh wedding had spoiled our holiday’’ – the down-to-earth couple were stunned. ''We were genuinely amazed that anyone could have been upset,’’ says 37-year-old Kate, friendly and laid-back as she pads about her house in jodhpurs and brightly coloured socks. [PAR] The Whitakers, and about 60 relatives and friends, were also accused of “obnoxious and rude behaviour” and compared to ''a load of Blackpool lager louts’’. It was bewildering, says Robert, 32: ''We thought we’d made friends with everyone staying in the hotel. It had been a terrific week.’’ [PAR] Robert Whitaker and his wife Kate on their wedding day [PAR] The poison-pen reviewer – who identified herself only as Adrienne3 – no doubt expected some sympathy, but instead, public support has flooded towards the Whitakers, not least as sunny wedding photographs confirmed the happy couple are part of one of Britain’s quietest, most unassuming yet successful sporting dynasties. [PAR] Anyone who remembers the golden age of showjumping in the 1960s and 70s, when jump offs and the Big Wall were thrilling and regular segments on Grandstand, would have been tickled pink to see that wedding party line up. For there on the beach, possibly snapped in public for the first time ever without jodhpurs, were the senior Whitakers: John (Robert’s dad) and Michael (his uncle). [PAR] Between them, the Whitaker brothers, who began riding professionally in the early 1970s, have succeeded at every significant level from Olympic competitions to European championships, not to mention winning the hearts of hundreds of female fans. Or perhaps that was just their horses. [PAR] Certainly John partnered two of the UK’s most famous and loved equines: Ryan’s Son and Milton, who each won more than a million pounds in prize money and adorned just as many bedroom walls as Donny Osmond. [PAR] Showjumping was a slightly rougher, less safety-conscious sport in those days, and the public adored it. Most British cities ran showjumping competitions, and riders on the circuit included the dashing David Broome and fiery Harvey Smith – who famously gave judges the ''V’’ sign before switching horses, you could say, to train a Grand National winner with wife Sue in 2013. [PAR] There was the impossibly plucky Marion Coates, too, who rode her little pony Stroller to a silver Olympic medal in Mexico City, and Caroline Bradley, who died at 37 from a heart attack at a show. We could take immense pride in the fact that Britain simply seemed unbeatable most of the time. Tennis this was not. [PAR] Yet gradually fans seemed to drift away. TV moved on. The Premier League began to dominate broadcast schedules. Inside the ring, however, the rosettes continued to mount up . British riders kept on quietly winning. And today we are still one of the top four or five nations in equestrian sport, which is worth £3.8 billion UK-wide (not including racing). Scott Brash, a builder’s son from Peebles in Scotland, has been world number one since 2013. There is depth in British showjumping too, with eight UK riders in the world top 100; Robert himself is currently ranked 61. At the London 2012 Olympics, GB took gold in the team showjumping event, and we can expect"}, 'question': {'David Broome was a succcesful competitor in what sport in the 1960s and 1970s?'}}

['showjumper' 'showjumping' 'british showjumping']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] PTFE WHat is it used for? What does PTFE stand for ...PTFE WHat is it used for? What does PTFE stand for? Emergency Plumber [PAR] PTFE [PAR] What does PTFE stand for and what can you use it on? [PAR] PTFE stands for\xa0Polytetrafluoroethylene and is used amongst plumbers, but is also very useful for emergency plumbers. (PTFE) was discovered back in 1938 by a guy called Roy Plunkett, who worked for Kinetic Chemicals. Just below are some common question and the best answers when it comes to Polytetrafluoroethylene. [PAR] What is PTFE used for? [PAR] How many time should the PTFE go around a radiator thread? [PAR] Can PTFE be used on Gas? [PAR] Can PTFE\xa0be used to wrap around pipe to stop leaky pipes? [PAR] What is PTFE used for? [PAR] PTFE know as Polytetrafluoroethylene is used in the plumbing industry but is also used outside the plumbing industry. The plumber would use Polytetrafluoroethylene\xa0mostly on the male thread of a radiator valve going into the radiator. Emergency plumbers normally use PTFE on emergencies when it comes to old fitting that will not tighten up more than they should do. Some people get a little mixed up when using Polytetrafluoroethylene\xa0on fitting and must be aware that any PTFE should go on the olive rather than the thread as the thread will only make this harder to complete the work and more than likely cause a leak and resulting in the customer searching around for emergency plumbers. [PAR] How many time should the Polytetrafluoroethylene\xa0go around a radiator thread? [PAR] Putting PTFE around a thread is normally picked up when a plumber does his plumbing apprentice. Some plumbers would go around about 12 times and quiet often are called back to leaks. Some would go around twice the amount and break what ever there going into. As long as this is a normal plumber’s Polytetrafluoroethylene\xa0then the best amount of times to go around would be 18 times. PTFE also comes in a paste form where compounds can also be added for extra protection. [PAR] Can PTFE be used on Gas? [PAR] There is also a Gas PTFE, which is about 3 times thicker, but is also more expensive due to the extra quality. [PAR] Can PTFE be used to wrap around pipe to stop leaky pipes? [PAR] Wrapping PTFE may slow the leak down on the pipe if there is no pressure in the water, but will not stop the water leak, as this is another mistake that people do when trying to stop a water leak, which include other type of sealants such as silicone. In most cases this results in the customer looking around for emergency plumbers .[DOC] [TLE] PTFE Facts - tefpro.comPTFE Facts [PAR] PTFE is a fluoropolymer possessing a unique combination of frictional, chemical, thermal, and electrical properties. It has a non-stick nature, is non-wetting and is self-lubricating. PTFE has outstanding chemical resistance and is unaffected by all known chemicals except alkali metals and under certain conditions, fluorine. PTFE has excellent weather resistance and has an extremely wide working temperature range. It is the best of the solid dielectrics and an excellent insulator. [PAR] This highly unique material was accidentally discovered by DuPont chemist, Roy Plunkett, in 1938, while he was working with Freon gasses. The residual powder that remained in the Freon canister after experimentation came to be known as Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), later to be registered and patented by DuPont as Teflon® .Years later PTFE material would be used extensively in the industrialized world where its special characteristics are well-suited for the requirements of a vast assortment of applications. [PAR] Today PTFE resin is manufactured and trademarked worldwide by many chemical companies. Some of the more common names are: [PAR] Teflon® a registered trademark of E. I. du Pont de Nemours et cie. [PAR] Dyneon® a registered trademark of Dyneon [PAR] Polyflon® a registered trademark of Daikin [PAR] Algoflon® a registered trademark of Solvay Solexis [PAR] Without regard to what it is being called, the one thing that remains unchanged is that the simple name is PTFE.[DOC] [TLE] Polytetrafluoroethylene - pslcPolytetrafluoroethylene [PAR] \xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 [PAR] You can view the 3D image of PPO by clicking here or just click on the image itself. [PAR] Be sure'}, 'question': {'What is the more common name for polytetrafluoroethylene?'}}

['ptfe' 'polytetrafluoroethylene' 'teflon']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Kate McGarrigle: folk singer and mother of Wainwright ...Kate McGarrigle: folk singer and mother of Wainwright siblings dies - Telegraph [PAR] Canada [PAR] Kate McGarrigle: folk singer and mother of Wainwright siblings dies [PAR] Canadian folk singer Kate McGarrigle, who enjoyed a long, successful musical partnership with her sister and was the mother of musicians Rufus and Martha Wainwright, has died at the age of 63. [PAR] Rufus Wainright and mother, Canadian folk singer Kate McGarrigle \xa0Photo: AP [PAR] 10:43PM GMT 19 Jan 2010 [PAR] McGarrigle had been suffering from clear cell sarcoma, a rare kind of cancer. She died on Monday. [PAR] "Sadly our sweet Kate had to leave us last night. She departed in a haze of song and love surrounded by family and good friends. She is irreplaceable and we are broken-hearted. Till we meet again dear sister," Anna McGarrigle, her sister, wrote on their website. [PAR] The pair broke into the limelight with their song "Heart Like a Wheel", which US singer Linda Ronstadt turned into a major hit in 1974. It featured on their first album, "Kate and Anna McGarrigle", which was released in 1975 and chosen as best album of the year by music magazine Melody Maker. [PAR] The sisters – born near Montreal in French-speaking Quebec – recorded a total of 10 albums, some of them in French. They were known for their inventive style and intricate vocal harmonies when they sang together. [PAR] McGarrigle was married to U.S. singer-songwriter Loudon Wainwright III, with whom she had Rufus and Martha. The pair later divorced. [PAR] Related Articles[DOC] [TLE] Folk Singer Kate McGarrigle: 1946-2010 :: Culture :: PasteFolk Singer Kate McGarrigle: 1946-2010 :: Culture :: Kate McGarrigle :: Paste [PAR] Share Tweet Submit Pin [PAR] Kate McGarrigle, the Canadian folk singer most remembered for the 10 albums she recorded with sister Anna, died Monday in her Montreal home. She was 63. McGarrigle, mother to singers Rufus and Martha Wainwright and ex-wife of American singer/songwriter Loudon Wainwright III, had been fighting cancer for more than three years. [PAR] According to a statement by McGarrigle’s brother-in-law, the cancer started in her small intestine and eventually spread to her liver. Rufus canceled his Australian tour—slated to begin in February—to be with his mother during her final days. [PAR] For more than 30 years, the McGarrigle Sisters recorded music in both French and English, and their songs have been covered by artists like Linda Ronstadt, Billy Bragg and Emmylou Harris . Even terminal illness, it turns out, didn’t keep McGarrigle from making music. Just last month, she played a three and a half hour show at London’s Royal Albert Hall. [PAR] Watch Kate and Anne McGarrigle perform “Hard Times Come Again No More” with help from Rufus Wainwright, Emmylou Harris and more:[DOC] [TLE] Kate McGarrigle, Rufus Wainwright\'s mother, dies | ReutersKate McGarrigle, Rufus Wainwright\'s mother, dies | Reuters [PAR] Tue Jan 19, 2010 | 6:00 PM EST [PAR] Kate McGarrigle, Rufus Wainwright\'s mother, dies [PAR] OTTAWA Canadian folk singer Kate McGarrigle, who enjoyed a long, successful musical partnership with her sister Anna and was the mother of musicians Rufus and Martha Wainwright, has died at the age of 63. [PAR] McGarrigle had been suffering from clear cell sarcoma, a rare kind of cancer, for more than three years. She died on Monday evening, her sister said on Tuesday. [PAR] "Sadly our sweet Kate had to leave us last night. She departed in a haze of song and love surrounded by family and good friends. She is irreplaceable and we are broken-hearted. Till we meet again dear sister," Anna McGarrigle wrote on the sisters\' website www.mcgarrigles.com. [PAR] Rufus Wainwright said his mother had had a "tremendously fruitful" last three years, during which she had witnessed her daughter\'s marriage, the birth of her first grandchild and given a final concert in London last month. [PAR] "There is never enough time and she, my amazing mother with whom everyone fell in love, went out there and bloody'}, 'question': {'Canadian folk music singer-songwriter, Kate McGarrigle, who died in 2010, was the mother of whom?'}}

['rufus and martha wainwright']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] 9 Things You Might Not Know About “Peanuts” - History in ...9 Things You Might Not Know About “Peanuts” - History in the Headlines [PAR] 9 Things You Might Not Know About “Peanuts” [PAR] October 2, 2015 By Elizabeth Nix [PAR] Charles M. Schulz with a few of his Peanuts characters, including (from left) Linus (with blanket) Lucy van Pelt, Charlie Brown, and Snoopy. (Credit: CBS Photo Archive/Getty Images) [PAR] Share this: [PAR] 9 Things You Might Not Know About “Peanuts” [PAR] Author [PAR] 9 Things You Might Not Know About “Peanuts” [PAR] URL [PAR] Google [PAR] On October 2, 1950, the four-panel comic strip by 27-year-old Charles M. Schulz made its debut. Known as Peanuts, it eventually became one of the world’s most widely read comic strip turning its characters—Charlie Brown, Snoopy, Linus, Lucy, Peppermint Patty and Schroeder—into American pop culture icons. Get the facts about the famous comic strip Peanuts and its creator. [PAR] 1. Schulz’s lifelong ambition was to be a cartoonist. [PAR] A Minnesota-born barber’s son, Schulz dreamed of becoming a cartoonist from a young age. He had a less-than-distinguished academic record, but outside the classroom he drew constantly and read newspaper comic strips with his dad. When Schulz was 15, he published his first drawing, a picture of his dog, who later served as the inspiration for Snoopy. Following his high school graduation in 1940, he worked odd jobs and submitted cartoons for publication in magazines. However, Schulz received “nothing but rejection slips,” as he later noted. [PAR] Snoopy, Lucy. Charlie Brown, and Linus stand in a line in a drawing from the Charles Schultz, 1968. (Credit: Fotos International/Getty Images) [PAR] 2. Schulz wasn’t a fan of the name Peanuts. [PAR] In 1947, one of Schulz’s local newspapers, the St. Paul Pioneer, started publishing a weekly comic panel he’d created called “Li’l Folks,” which featured the forerunners of the Peanuts characters. In 1950, Schulz sold “Li’l Folks” to the United Feature Syndicate after being turned down by other syndication companies. Due to worries about potential copyright infringement, the syndicate opted to rechristen Schulz’s comic strip Peanuts, likely after the Peanut Gallery where the live audience of kids sat on “The Howdy Doody Show.” Even after Peanuts became hugely successful, Schulz said he never liked the name and wanted to call the strip “Good Old Charlie Brown.” [PAR] 3. The strip wasn’t an instant hit. [PAR] When Peanuts made its October 1950 debut, it was published in seven U.S. newspapers. That first year, the comic strip came in last place in the New York World Telegram’s reader survey of cartoons; however, a book of Peanuts reprints helped the strip gain a larger audience. Eventually, the strip was syndicated to more than 2,600 newspapers around the globe and read by more than 350 million people in 75 countries. Schulz was also named Outstanding Cartoonist of the Year. In 1958, the first plastic toy dolls of Charlie Brown, Snoopy and other Peanuts characters were produced, launching a massive flow of Peanuts merchandise ranging from greeting cards to pajamas. By 1999, some 20,000 different new products featuring members of the Peanuts gang were being marketed every year. [PAR] Snoopy balloon at the Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade. (Credit: Zoran Milich/Getty Images) [PAR] 4. Many of the Peanuts characters were inspired by real people and events. [PAR] Snoopy was one of Schulz’s earliest Peanuts characters, appearing for the first time on October 4, 1950, two days after the comic strip’s debut. Schulz loosely based Snoopy on a black-and-white dog named Spike he had as a teenager. The cartoonist originally planned to call his cartoon dog Sniffy, but shortly before the comic strip launched Schulz was passing a newsstand and noticed a comic magazine featuring a dog with the same name. Now in need of a new name, Schulz remembered his mother’s suggestion that the family should name their next dog'}, 'question': {'"In the comic strip ""Peanuts"", whose father is a barber?"'}}

['charlie brown']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] 25 Latin Phrases that Every Student should know | Latin ...25 Latin Phrases that Every Student should know | Latin Language Blog [PAR] 25 Latin Phrases Every Student Should Know Posted by Brittany Britanniae on Jun 3, 2015 in Latin Language [PAR] These phrases will assist in all student’s ability to write well and impress their instructors. Thus, here is a list of Latin phrases that student should try to use and commit to memory during the summer for their fall terms (if they are not in summer school/session). Latin is more than a dead language; it is access to a better understanding to terms that are used in daily academics. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] A generated meme created at Philosoraptor [PAR] 1. Carpe diem: This well-known phrase comes from a poem by Horace. While there have been arguments about the exact translation, it is most commonly held to mean “seize the day” encouraging individuals to live life to the fullest today without expectation of a tomorrow. [PAR] 2. Cogito ergo sum: Translated from the Latin, the quote means “I think, therefore I am” and comes from the writing of philosopher Rene Descartes. 6 [PAR] 3. Veni, vidi, vici: These famous words were purported uttered by Roman emperor Julius Caesar after a short war with Pharnaces II of Pontus. Translated, it means “I came, I saw, I conquered” an adage you can hopefully keep in mind come finals time. [PAR] 4. In vino veritas: If you’re old enough to drink or have been around others who have imbibed, you’re more than likely already familiar with the wisdom behind this quote from Pliny the Elder meaning, “in wine there is the truth.” It is often followed up with “in aqua sanitas” or “in water there is health”– something all college students should remember. [PAR] 5. E pluribus unum: Simply take a look at American currency to see this Latin phrase in use. It means “out of many, one” and is found on anything bearing the seal of the United States. [PAR] 6. Et tu, Brute?: These are the famous last words of Julius Caesar after he is murdered by his friend Marcus Brutus in Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar. They mean “Even you, Brutus?” and are used poetically today to designate any form of the utmost betrayal. [PAR] 7. Ad infinitum: You might be able to guess what this phrase means simply through its similarity to the word we use in English. It means “to infinity” and can be used to describe something that goes on, seemingly or actually endlessly, as some students might feel about certain classes. [PAR] 8. De facto: In Latin, de facto means “from the fact” and in use in English it is often used to distinguish was is supposed to be the case from what is actually the reality. For example, legally, employers are not allowed to discriminate in hiring because of age, but many still practice de facto (in reality, in fact) discrimination. [PAR] 9. In toto: No, this phrase doesn’t mean that the cute little dog from The Wizard of Oz ate something, it means in all or entirely. Think of it as saying “in total” in a really weird voice. [PAR] 10. Ipso facto: Meaning “by the fact itself” this commonly used and misused term is denotes when something is true by its very nature. For example, if you don’t feed your dog you are ipso facto a bad owner. [PAR] 11. Tabula rasa: When you were a child, your mind might have been more of a tabula rasa than it is today. This Latin phrase means “clean slate” and denotes something or someone not affected by experiences and impressions. [PAR] 12. Terra firma: Those who hate to fly or get seriously seasick will be able to put this term to good use. It means firm ground, and you might be thanking your lucky stars to be back on it after a trip through the air or rough waters. [PAR] 13. Mea culpa: If you want to admit your own guilt or'}, 'question': {'"What Latin phrase means means ""my fault"", literally ""my blow""?"'}}

['mea culpa' 'mia culpa']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Robert Gray (sea captain) | James Colnett | Mediander | TopicsRobert Gray (sea captain) | James Colnett | Mediander | Topics [PAR] image credit [PAR] Robert Gray (sea captain) [PAR] Robert Gray (May 10, 1755 – circa July, 1806) was an American merchant sea captain who is known for his achievements in connection with two trading voyages to the northern Pacific coast of North America, between 1790 and 1793, which pioneered the American maritime fur trade in that region. In the course of those voyages, Gray explored portions of that coast and, in 1790, completed the first American circumnavigation of the world. Perhaps his most remembered accomplishment from his explorations was his coming upon and then naming of the Columbia River, in 1792 while on his second voyage. MORE [PAR] Robert Gray (May 10, 1755 – circa July, 1806) was an American merchant sea captain who is known for his achievements in connection with two trading voyages to the northern Pacific coast of North America, between 1790 and 1793, which pioneered the American maritime fur trade in that region. In the course of those voyages, Gray explored portions of that coast and, in 1790, completed the first American circumnavigation of the world. Perhaps his most remembered accomplishment from his explorations was his coming upon and then naming of the Columbia River, in 1792 while on his second voyage. [PAR] Gray's earlier and later life are both comparatively obscure. He was born in Tiverton, Rhode Island, and may have served in the Continental Navy during the American Revolutionary War. After his two famous voyages, he carried on his career as a sea captain, mainly of merchantmen in the Atlantic. This included what was meant to be a third voyage to the Northwest Coast, but was ended by the capture of his ship by French privateers, during the Franco-American Quasi-War, and command of an American privateer later in that same conflict. Gray died at sea in 1806, near Charleston, South Carolina, possibly of yellow fever. Many geographic features along the Oregon and Washington coasts bear Gray's name, as do numerous schools in the region.[DOC] [TLE] Robert Gray • Biography & FactsRobert Gray • Biography & Facts [PAR] Robert Gray [PAR] Robert Gray [PAR] Robert Gray (May 10, 1755 – circa July, 1806) was an American merchant sea captain who is known for his achievements in connection with two trading voyages to the northern Pacific coast of North America, between 1790 and 1793, which pioneered the American maritime fur trade in that region. In the course of those voyages, Gray explored portions of that coast and, in 1790, completed the first American circumnavigation of the world. Perhaps his most remembered accomplishment from his explorations was his coming upon and then naming of the Columbia River, in 1792 while on his second voyage.Gray's earlier and later life are both comparatively obscure. He was born in Tiverton, Rhode Island, and may have served in the Continental Navy during the American Revolutionary War. After his two famous voyages, he carried on his career as a sea captain, mainly of merchantmen in the Atlantic. This included what was meant to be a third voyage to the Northwest Coast, but was ended by the capture of his ship by French privateers, during the Franco-American Quasi-war, and command of an American privateer later in that same conflict. Gray died at sea in 1806, near Charleston, South Carolina, possibly of yellow fever. Many geographic features along the Oregon and Washington coasts bear Gray's name, as do numerous schools in the region.[DOC] [TLE] Robert Gray (sea captain) - Video Learning - WizScience ...Robert Gray (sea captain) - Video Learning - WizScience.com - YouTube [PAR] Robert Gray (sea captain) - Video Learning - WizScience.com [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again"}, 'question': {'Who was the merchant sea-captain who made the first American circumnavigation of the world in 1790, and is known for trading voyages to the northern Pacific coast of North America between 1790 and 1793, which pioneered the fur trade in that region?'}}

['robert gray']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Sing a Song of Sixpence - Muppet Wiki - WikiaSing a Song of Sixpence | Muppet Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Sing a Song of Sixpence [PAR] 31,244pages on [PAR] Cookie Monster enjoying some bread and honey. [PAR] Kermit as the King, counting out his money in the counting house. [PAR] Sing a Song of Sixpence and Other First Songs for Baby. [PAR] The Count can\'t count the blackbird\'s fast enough. [PAR] Zoe finds it very amusing. [PAR] Big Bird as the King sees a pie with a zipper and counts the blackbirds [PAR] Sing a Song of Sixpence is an English nursery rhyme dating back to at least the eighteenth century. References to the title can be traced back even further, including William Shakespeare\'s Twelfth Night. Some scholars contend it stems from a 16th practice of amusing dinner guests with live birds placed in pies, while others cite the wedding of Marie de Medici and Henry IV of France as inspiration. [PAR] The most common form of the rhyme is [PAR] “ Sing a song of sixpence, a pocket full of rye. Four and twenty blackbirds, Baked in a pie. [PAR] When the pie was opened, the birds began to sing; Wasn\'t that a dainty dish, to set before the king? [PAR] The king was in his counting house, counting out his money; The queen was in the parlour, eating bread and honey. [PAR] The maid was in the garden, hanging out the clothes; When down came a blackbird and pecked off her nose. ” [PAR] The rhyme itself has been referenced for centuries, including Agatha Christie\'s short story Sing a Song of Sixpence, Rankin/Bass\' The Last Unicorn, The Three Stooges\' short Sing a Song of Six Pants and the Doctor Who episode "The End of Time." [PAR] References [PAR] In The Sesame Street Dictionary , the Sesame Street Players put on a pageant of the nursery rhyme, with Cookie Monster taking on the role of the queen.[DOC] [TLE] Words for Life - Sing a song of sixpenceWords for Life - Sing a song of sixpence [PAR] Sing a song of sixpence [PAR] Sing a song of sixpence a pocket full of rye, [PAR] Four and twenty blackbirds baked in a pie. [PAR] When the pie was opened the birds began to sing, [PAR] Oh wasn\'t that a dainty dish to set before the king? [PAR] The king was in his counting house counting out his money, [PAR] The queen was in the parlour eating bread and honey [PAR] The maid was in the garden hanging out the clothes, [PAR] When down came a blackbird and pecked off her nose![DOC] [TLE] Sing a song of sixpence on Pinterest | Blackbird, Black ...1000+ images about Sing a song of sixpence on Pinterest | Wings, Crows ravens and Birds [PAR] Forward [PAR] "Sing a song of sixpence, A pocket full of rye. Four and twenty blackbirds, Baked in a pie. When the pie was opened, The birds began to sing. Was not that a dainty dish, To set before the King?" oil on canvas by Scott Gustafson [PAR] See More[DOC] [TLE] Simple Simon, Sing a Song of Sixpence, Sleep Baby Sleep ...Simple Simon, Sing a Song of Sixpence, Sleep Baby Sleep Nursery Rhymes [PAR] A riddle, a riddle, as I suppose, [PAR] A hundred eyes and never a nose! [PAR] SIMPLE SIMON [PAR] Simple Simon met a pieman, [PAR] Going to the fair; [PAR] Says Simple Simon to the pieman, [PAR] "Let me taste your ware." [PAR] Says the pieman to Simple Simon, [PAR] "Show me first your penny," [PAR] Says Simple Simon to the pieman, [PAR] "Indeed, I have not any." [PAR] Simple Simon went a-fishing [PAR] For to catch a whale; [PAR] All the water he could find [PAR] Was in his mother\'s pail! [PAR] Simple Simon went to look [PAR] If plums grew on a thistle; [PAR] He pricked his fingers very much, [PAR] Which made poor Simon whistle. [PAR] He went to catch a dicky bird, [PAR] And thought he could not fail, [PAR] Because he had a little salt, [PAR] To put upon its tail. [PAR] He'}, 'question': {'"In the nursery rhyme ""sing a song of sixpence"", what kind of bird plucked off a nose?"'}}

['blackbird' 'blackbirds']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Some Details About Transits of Venus | The Planetary SocietySome Details About Transits of Venus | The Planetary Society [PAR] Some Details About Transits of Venus [PAR] Topics: astronomy , Venus , explaining science , transit of Venus [PAR] As many readers probably know, on June 5-6, 2012 there will be a rare transit of Venus as the planet crosses the face of the Sun as viewed from Earth. The last transit occurred in June 2004, and the next one won’t be until December 2117. Transits of Venus follow a peculiar pattern -- two transits 8 years apart, then 105.5 years with no transits, then two transits 8 years apart, then 121.5 years with no transits, for a total cycle of 243 years—and thereby hangs a tale. [PAR] Since Venus’ orbit is closer to the Sun than Earth’s, Venus has a shorter orbital period and “laps” Earth at regular intervals. Astronomically speaking, such an event is called an inferior conjunction. It is a curious fact that the orbital periods of Venus and Earth are very close to an 8:13 resonance, meaning that for every 8 Earth years, Venus orbits the Sun almost exactly 13 times. There are then 5 inferior conjunctions every 8 years, giving what is called a “synodic period” between inferior conjunctions of 1.6 years. If the orbital planes of the two planets coincided, then every 1.6 years there would be a transit of Venus. Of course, things are not so simple. First, Venus’s orbit is inclined with respect to Earth’s by about 3.4 degrees. Second, the orbital periods are not exactly in resonance. Third, the orbits are not perfect circles. These deviations from perfection give rise to rich and complex behavior. [PAR] The figure shows all 152 inferior conjunctions during one cycle of 243 years. (The formal definition of conjunction specifies that two objects have equal right ascension. This is not quite the same as the moment of minimum angular separation which is important for illustrating transits and near-transits, so the figure uses minimum separation. Most of the conjunctions occur within a few hours of minimum separation.) Everything is plotted relative to the Sun, whose disk is the orange circle at center left. The colored bars show the path of Venus for about 10 hours surrounding the moment of minimum separation, and I used a cyclic 5-color palette to show the 5 groups of conjunctions in each 8-year cycle, starting with the conjunction in March 2001 (the first magenta bar in the upper right). Each bar is labeled with the month and year. The font is a bit small (but readable if you zoom the figure to 100%) to avoid too many font collisions in dense parts of the plot. North is up and east is to the left. [PAR] David Shortt [PAR] Transits and Inferior Conjunctions of Venus, 2001-2242 [PAR] The tilt of Venus’ orbit with respect to Earth’s means that transits can only happen if an inferior conjunction occurs at just the right part of Venus’s orbit, namely when Venus happens to be crossing the plane of Earth’s orbit during the conjunction. The crossing can occur at just two places on opposite sides of the Sun, called nodes, along the line where the planes of Venus’ and Earth’s orbits intersect. A transit is not very likely because, due to the tilt and the distances involved, Venus as viewed from Earth can be up to 10 degrees north or south of the Sun in the sky during an inferior conjunction. This is many times the Sun’s apparent diameter of 0.5 degrees, so alignment is unlikely by chance. If the planets do happen to be aligned properly for a transit during a given conjunction, then at the next conjunction 1.6 years later they will not be—Venus will pass well north or south of the Sun. [PAR] If the two planets’ orbits were in precise 8:13 resonance, then 8 years after a transit both planets would return to exactly the same positions in their orbits, ready for another transit. Since the planets are not in perfect resonance, this is not quite the case. Earth’s sidereal period (i.e. with respect to the distant stars) is 365.256 days,'}, 'question': {'Transits of Venus occur in a pattern, with pairs of transits 8 years apart separated by much longer gaps, that repeats every how many years?'}}

['243']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] churn - Dictionary Definition : Vocabulary.comchurn - Dictionary Definition : Vocabulary.com [PAR] Random Word [PAR] churn [PAR] A churn is a container that you fill with cream and then agitate until the cream becomes butter. You may have only bought butter at the store, but your ancestors probably used a traditional plunger-type churn to make their own. [PAR] The verb churn means to mix cream until it turns into butter, separating out the buttermilk. You can make your own butter by churning it in a jar if you don't have a churn, shaking heavy cream until it becomes solid. To churn can also simply mean to agitate, like a boat might churn in a turbulent ocean, or your stomach might churn with anxiety about your big test the next day.[DOC] [TLE] Making Better Butter at Home in Your KitchenMaking Better Butter at Home in Your Kitchen [PAR] A good thermometer [PAR] A knife to cut the curds, and a spoon or ladle to stir the curds with. [PAR] A Blender, Food Processor, old fashioned butter churn, or even a willing child ready to shake the jar full of cream until the butter forms. [PAR] A bowl to wash the butter in and a wooden or plastic spoon or spatula to press the butter during the final stage. [PAR] Everything needs to be clean and sanitized . [PAR] The Cream to use: [PAR] The better your cream tastes, the higher quality your butter will be. [PAR] Heavy cream is 40% butterfat and 60% milk solids and water. [PAR] The cream from Jersey cows produces the best butter because of its higher fat content milk, plus the fact that their fat is dispersed in larger globules than milk from other types of cows and tends to churn into butter more easily. This cream is deep ivory to gold when it is from pastured cows because the plants they eat have higher beta carotene, which colors the cream more than grain. [PAR] Can we use pasteurized or even ultra pasteurized cream for this? [PAR] Yes, But the quality and flavor of the butter will not be the same as using fresh cream. You will probably find it to be better than what you find in the store but fresh cream is always better. The high temperature treatment, while making normal cheese making next to impossible does not affect the butter process as much since the process involves the fat and not the proteins which are damaged by heat. It may affect the flavor and yield though. [PAR] Fresh Sweet Cream [PAR] The ideal cream is non-ultra pasteurized, high butterfat content (36-40%), organic, and from pastured cows. Jersey cream makes churning faster, due to larger butterfat globules. [PAR] Just using run of the mill cream from the store probably means that you are starting off with better ingredients than the average butter. But if you can find non-ultra heat treated cream from pastured cows, that will vastly improve the flavor. [PAR] The hardest part of making good butter is finding good cream. Most of the cream sold in this country is ultra heat treated (UHT). [PAR] The best pasteurized cream is vat pasteurized cream, which is heated to only 165F for 30 minutes. But vat pasteurized cream is harder and harder to find. [PAR] Cream Skimmed from Whey [PAR] As I travel to visit cheese makers in Europe, I often see the whey being diverted to a separator to remove the cream for butter making. This is done before the whey is heated for Ricotta. Nothing is wasted there ... First to the cheese, then to the butter, then to Ricotta, and finally to the pigs. Nothing is wasted. This is especially true in the Parma region and in the Fontina area of Aosta in Italy. [PAR] Here, since I often use fresh Jersey milk, my whey is always rich in butterfat so I make sure the whey goes into a sanitized container when removed from the curds and then allow it to sit overnight at a cool cellar temperature. In the morning, the cream has risen plus the bacteria from the process has ripened for a cultured cream. I can then carefully skim the surface and cool to my butter making temperature. The result is a fabulous cultured butter that goes to"}, 'question': {'Churning cream turns it into what?'}}

['unsalted butter' 'butter' 'cultured butter']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Embryo development stages described in Bhagavata Purana ...Embryo development stages described in Bhagavata Purana, Mahabharata, Aitareya Upanishad | Ulta Din [PAR] Embryo development stages described in Bhagavata Purana, Mahabharata, Aitareya Upanishad [PAR] 02 Aug, 2016 [PAR] Print this article Font size - 16 + [PAR] Embryo development stages described in Bhagavata Purana, Mahabharata, Aitareya Upanishad [PAR] Embryology is the science of development of an embryo from the fertilization of the ovum to the fetus stage. [PAR] The earliest scientific approach is credited to Aristotle (384 – 322 BC), but indians have done a lot of scientific work, long before Aristotle. Kapil Muni was probably the first man who studied embryo. [PAR] Ancient Indian rishis had discovered the body secretions, which reproduce and called them Raja (ovum) and Reta (sperm). [PAR] The Mahabharata, Shanti Parva, 301, 320, 331, 356, and the Bhagawata 3/31 state that one fine particle of Shukra conjugates with that of Shonit during copulation. The fine particles are sperm and ovum. They termed the conjugate product as ‘Kalala’, whereas modern science terms it as ‘Zygote’ or fertilized ovum. [PAR] Bhagawata states that only in one night, which means 12 hours’ time, from the coitus, Kalala forms. [PAR] Science admits that an ovum remains fertilizable for a short time, measured in hours, after its release from ovary. [PAR] “dasahena tu karkandhuh” |”kalalam tv eka-ratrena” |”panca-ratrena budbudam” |”pesy andam va tatah param” – 3-31-2 [PAR] says Bhagavata Purana [PAR] Translation : On the first night, the sperm and ovum mix, and on the fifth night the mixture ferments into a bubble. On the tenth night it develops into a form like a plum, and after that, it gradually turns into a lump of flesh or an egg. [PAR] Bhagavata Purana describes all the microscopic changes taking place up to 15 days of the embryonic life, in a womb of a living woman. Science has 2 used microscopes, uterine wash-outs, post-mortem examinations, etc and arrived at same conclusion. [PAR] “bahv-anghry-ady-anga-vigrahah” |”linga-cchidrodbhavas tribhih” |”masena tu siro dvabhyam” |”nakha-lomasthi-carmani” – 3-31-3 [PAR] In the course of a month, a head is formed, and at the end of two months the hands, feet and other limbs take shape. By the end of three months, the nails, fingers, toes, body hair, bones and skin appear, as do the organ of generation and the other apertures in the body, namely the eyes, nostrils, ears, mouth and anus. [PAR] Bhagavata Purana states that the Linga i.e. external genitalia are formed in the third month. Science has revealed that external genitalia are present in 8 weeks’ old embryo. According to science male genitalia take their final form at the end of the 3rd month and Utero-vaginal canal also forms by the third month. Anus is formed some time after the genitals. [PAR] “aturbhir dhatavah sapta | pancabhih ksut-trd-udbhavah | sadbhir jarayuna vitah | kuksau bhramyati daksine” [PAR] < [PAR] Within four months from the date of conception, the seven essential ingredients of the body, namely chyle, blood, flesh, fat, bone, marrow and semen, come into existence. At the end of five months, hunger and thirst make themselves felt, and at the end of six months, the fetus, enclosed by the amnion, begins to move on the right side of the abdomen. [PAR] In the 7th month the soul of embryo remembers everything about its past lives and also gets knowledge about the present life. Science cannot demonstrate this fact, but it can be inferred indirectly. The foetus of 7th month is viable, so its brain must be functioning in the 7th month. [PAR] Electro-encephalographic tracings of the foetus may prove this in future. Kapil Muni describes that the foetus lies with complete flexion of its back and head. It is a fact and is scientifically proved. [PAR] He also said that the foetus is unable to do respiration. This is also true, because the foetus'}, 'question': {'What science is concerned with the development of an embryo from the fertilization of the ovum to the foetus stage?'}}

['embryology']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Someone Who'll Watch Over Me: A Play: Frank McGuinness ...Someone Who'll Watch Over Me: A Play: Frank McGuinness, Brian Keenan: 9780571168040: Amazon.com: Books [PAR] Editorial Reviews [PAR] About the Author [PAR] Frank McGuinness,born on July 29, 1953, in Buncrana, Donegal, Ireland. He lectures at University College, Dublin. His first major success as a playwright was the 1982 production of Factory Girls. His first internationally acclaimed play is the 1985 Observe the Sons of Ulster Marching towards the Somme. He is also the author of such celebrated plays as Innocence, The Factory Girls and Someone Who'll Watch Over Me. His translations include Ibsen's Rosmersholm, Peer Gynt, Hedda Gabler and A Doll's House; Chekhov's Three Sisters and Uncle Vanya; Lorca's Yerma; Brecht's The Threepenny Opera and The Caucasian Chalk Circle; and Sophocles' Electra and Ostrovsky's The Storm.[DOC] [TLE] Factory Girls, a CurtainUp Berkshires ReviewreviewFactory Girls, a CurtainUp Berkshires Reviewreview [PAR] Berkshire Review [PAR] The Factory Girls [PAR] Frank McGuinness has enjoyed a multi-faceted career in the theater. Except for Someone Who'll Watch Over Me which in 1993 won the New York Critics' Circle Award for Best Foreign Play he's best known to American audiences for his ground breaking adaptations of A Doll's House (a quadruple 1997 Tony Award Winner) and Electra (a 1999 Tony nominee) and the movie version of Dancing at Lughnasa). With the exception of the Macalla Theatre in the Bronx which dedicated to bringing contemporary Irish theater to its surrounding Irish community, no one in this country has ever produced this funny yet ultimately sad early 80s slice of five working women's lives. The Williamstown Theatre Festival is to be commended for giving us a chance to see the play that launched McGuinness's career and doing so with this beautifully staged production. [PAR] Since The Factory Girls is more character than plot driven, it requires actors up to the job of delineating each of the women as more than just a type. While the playwright does better by some characters than others, the actors all do well -- better than well, in fact -- by their parts. The monotonous work they do -- the end of the line process of making sure all buttons and pockets are in place -- symbolizes the overall end of the line situation that escalated the redundancy of many factories and their employees from the 1960s onward. It is this play's factory's struggle to survive against he competition of cheaper labor in other parts of the world that catapults Ellen (Celia West on), Vera (Kate Burton), Rebecca (Bernardine Quigley), Una (Rebecca Schull) and their young messenger Rosemary (Groschen Cleverly) from their uneventful lives into a desperate sit-in strike in the whimpy new manager's office (Christopher McHale). [PAR] Things move along at a quiet, leisurely pace. While there's constant interaction, there's very little action. This gives these proceedings much the same sense of listening in on the women that audiences have had with monologue-plays of the much praised young Irish playwright Conor McPherson, The Weir and The Lime Tree Bower (both currently playing in New York). As a folk singer accompanies himself with a guitar, the women at work in Michael Brown's dark, damp and dismal factory setting accompany the routine of examining and folding with"}, 'question': {'"""Someone Who\'ll Watch Over Me"" and ""Factory Girls"" are plays by whom?"'}}

['frank mcguinness']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Zimbabwe - Tribes and People - Family Tree & Family ...Zimbabwe - Tribes and People [PAR] Zimbabwe - Tribes and People [PAR] The tribes and people of Zimbabwe [PAR] (Individual projects will follow) [PAR] The following at this stage are various notes - the aim is to refine them into a comprehensive and more cohesive overview of the Zimbabwean people. [PAR] Zimbabwe is a mixture of people. More than two-thirds of the population speaks Shona as their first language. Shona-speaking people live mainly in the eastern two-thirds of the country, including the capital of Harare, and are made up of the following groups [PAR] Karanga, [PAR] Rozwi and [PAR] Zezuru [PAR] Around one in five Zimbabweans (the Ndebele and Kalanga groups) speak Northern Ndebele, commonly known as Sindebele. [PAR] Both Shona and Sindebele are Bantu languages originating from the time when Bantu-speaking tribes populated the region over 1000 years ago. [PAR] The Shona tribe is Zimbabwe\'s largest indigenous group whose tribal language is also called Shona (Bantu). Their population is around 9 million. They are the largest ethnic group in Zimbabwe. [PAR] The Shona are found in Zimbabwe, Botswana and southern Mozambique. Representing over 80% of the population, the Shona tribe is culturally the most dominant tribe in Zimbabwe. [PAR] Traditionally, Shona people live in isolated settlements, usually consisting of one or more elder men and their extended families. [PAR] The Shona are a cluster of peoples who have lived for about 2,000 years in a region of the southern Africa Plateau that includes most of Zimbabwe and part of Mozambique. [PAR] Shona is the name collectively given to two groups of Bantu people in the east and southeast of Zimbabwe, and southern Mozambique. [PAR] History [PAR] There have been many civilisations in Zimbabwe, evidence being the ancient stone structures at Khami, Great Zimbabwe and Dhlo-Dhlo. The "Great Zimbabwe" ruins have been radio carbon dated to approximately 600 A.D. Historic findings suggest that the ancestors of modern day Shona people built Great Zimbabwe and hundreds of other stone walled sites in Zimbabwe. Bantu-speaking farmers, either Khoisan settlers or Iron Age migrants from the north, were the first occupants of the Great Zimbabwe site in the south of the country. Between 500 and 1000AD, the Gokomere (a Bantu group) enslaved and absorbed San groups in the area. As early as the 11th century, some foundations and stonework were in place at Great Zimbabwe and the settlement, generally regarded as the burgeoning Shona society. [PAR] One line of thought is that the Shona people are descendants from one group of families, that was ruled by one paramount Chief. This line of thought would justify the fact that such Shona High spirits as Chaminuka, Kaguvi and Nehanda command authority over all Shona tribes. It is this that could have enabled the Shona risings of 1896-7, known as the First Chimurenga. Before the risings there where a number of mhondoros (Mhondoro is a Shona language term meaning the founding ancestor of a particular dynasty) in the then Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) but none had the authority to co-ordinate the various Shona tribes against the European settlers. [PAR] The Shona people as they are today are a fragmented horde of tribes with very tenuous bonds of unity between them. Most Shona people identify with a particular clan rather than with the Shona group as a whole, most Shona communities contain a mixture of clans. (Clan - group of people who descended from the same ancestor) The Shona consisted and still consist of two distinct families – the original Bantu occupants of the country and the conquerors – each of which has split up into a multiplicity of tribes. [PAR] The original Shona occupants of Zimbabwe are all embodied under the umbrella name “Hungwe”. The conquerors of the Hungwe fall under the blanket name “Mbire”. It is believed that it was the Mbire who were the founders of the Mutapa Empire as well as the Rozvi Empire which was destroyed by the various Nguni tribes that passed through the land of Zimbabwe during the Mfecane wars. Namely, the Ndebele tribe, who now occupy southwest Zimbabwe, and the Shangane tribe in the southeast of Zimbabwe. The Hungwe settled in Zimbabwe for probably'}, 'question': {'What is the name collectively given to several groups of people in Zimbabwe and southern Mozambique, originally known as the Karanga?'}}

['shona']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Milestones: Deals with the Devil | Cherwell.orgMilestones: Deals with the Devil | Cherwell.org [PAR] Milestones: Deals with the Devil [PAR] Milestones: Deals with the Devil [PAR] May 16, 2014 [PAR] 7150 [PAR] The best and most famous example of a deal with the devil is the story of Dr. Johann Georg Faust, an alchemist, astrologer and magician of the German Renaissance. The popular tale of his deal with the devil and subsequent adventures has been circulating since the 1580s, but is most famously told in Christopher Marlowe’s play The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus (1604) and Goethe’s rather more concisely named tragedy, Faust. [PAR] The legend runs that the good doctor sold his soul to the devil in return for magical powers or, in Marlowe’s version, the presence of a demon named Mephistopheles who would do his bidding. Notably, Faustus is supposed to have signed a legally binding document bequeathing all rights to his soul to Satan. [PAR] The actual historical figure of Dr. Faustus is a matter of some controversy and not a little mystery. From 1506, there are records of him appearing as a performer of magic tricks in Gelnhausen, and many similar stories abound of his exploits across Germany for the next thirty years. [PAR] In Marlowe’s play, he dies when Mephistopheles the demon drags him to Hell, and scholars at the time jumped instantly to this conclusion when his mutilated body was found in the remnants of an alchemical explosion in the Hotel zum Löwen in Staufen im Breisgau. [PAR] This is not the only time in history that someone has been thought to have sold their soul to the Devil. A seventeenth-century priest named Urbain Grandier was burned at the stake for witchcraft. At his trial, a document in which he signs away his soul was produced, complete with the apparent signatures of several demons, including that of Satan himself. [PAR] The trope of selling one’s soul to the Devil is one that often seems inextricably linked with cultural and intellectual pursuits. Faustus was depicted as the over-reaching scholar, desperate for more knowledge than was his due. Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray does not explicitly involve Satan, but the religious evil apparently invested in the painting of Dorian Gray has cultural implications which are impossible to ignore – Gray’s sins even begin with a trip to the theatre. [PAR] Related\xa0 Review: Anna Karenina [PAR] Furthermore, there is a long list of musicians throughout Christian history who are supposed to have sold their souls. Niccolò Paganini encouraged rumours that he had traded away his soul for talent with the violin; Robert Johnson, the blues musician from the 30s was supposed to have met Satan at a crossroads and signed over his soul in exchange for mastery of the guitar; even the comedic musical duo Tenacious D have involvements with the Devil. [PAR] Historically, the Church has always been suspicious of what it could not control, and condemning talented individuals as the followers of Satan was the perfect way of holding onto its power. Although in the case of Dr. Faust I can’t really blame them. He was once arrested for convincing someone to use arsenic to get rid of his beard. It worked, but a fair amount of skin came away too. But then, fools that will laugh on earth must weep in Hell.[DOC] [TLE] My Soul to the Devil: A Cultural History - Wicked HorrorMy Soul to the Devil: A Cultural History - Wicked Horror [PAR] Wicked Horror [PAR] My Soul to the Devil: A Cultural History [PAR] By [PAR] Tweet on Twitter [PAR] Nearly every major religion has a belief system based on good and bad, and each of those religions has a malevolent figure who rules over the bad. The Christian-based faith groups have Satan…The Devil…Lucifer. He goes by many names, and he takes on many different forms, but there are certain inalterable facts: he presides over Hell, offering only eternal torment to the souls under his authority. However, it has also been said that he can offer you untold pleasures in life, and it will only cost you your soul. It’s the ultimate Buy-Now-Pay-Later scam—the credit card of'}, 'question': {'Who, it is said, did similar deals with Dr Faustus, Robert Johnson and Niccol Paganini?'}}

['devil']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Tabasco - Mexico - HISTORY.comTabasco - Mexico - HISTORY.com [PAR] Tabasco [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Introduction [PAR] This low, flat state still has a large indigenous population that lives primarily in rural areas. Contrary to popular belief, Tabasco was not named after the spicy peppers of the same name, though the state is a major producer of other farm products, including cacao, coconuts, corn (maize), sugarcane and tropical fruits. The commercial and manufacturing center of the state is Villahermosa. Food processing plants and companies producing wood products, cigars, soap and clothing are located throughout the city. [PAR] History [PAR] Early History [PAR] Beginning around 1500 B.C., the Olmec civilization established itself in Tabasco, reaching its cultural and economic peak around 500 B.C. The Olmecs were noted for their superb stone carvings, which ranged from small, finely detailed jade objects to colossal carved-basalt heads that frequently combined human and jaguar features. The state was once the location of La Venta, the largest Olmec city, which contained 18,000 inhabitants at its peak between 800 and 500 B.C.Between 100 and 1000 A.D., the Mayans emerged as the dominant culture in the region, followed by the Toltecs in the 13th century. The word Toltec means master builders, and evidence shows that they were brilliantly skilled architects and artists who smelted metals and created highly sophisticated stonework. The Toltec’s polytheistic religion seems to have centered on the god Quetzalcóatl and featured ceremonies that included human sacrifice, sun worship and a sacred ball game. They are believed to have discovered pulque (a fermented drink) and had considerable astronomical knowledge, as shown by their calendar cycle of 52 years of 260 days each. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] The variety of peppers used in Tabasco sauce (capsicum frutescens) do not actually grow in this Mexican state. [PAR] In the 14th century, the Chontales appeared in the Tabasco area; historians believe they may have migrated there from Nicaragua. Chontales is the Mayan name for alien, which is probably the origin of the tribe’s name. Commerce between the Chontales and Mayans led to the development and rise of sizeable cities like Cimatán and Teapa. By 1500 A.D., 135,000 people inhabited the area. [PAR] In the present-day municipality of Nacajuca, the Chontales represent most of the local population; other Chontales communities are scattered throughout Centla, El Centro, Jonuta and Macuspana. [PAR] Middle History [PAR] Spanish explorer Juan de Grijalva’s five-ship expedition in the Caribbean was the first to reach the Tabasco territory in 1518. Soon after, the Spaniards made contact with the Chontales natives who gave them utensils made of gold. The gifts motivated the Spaniards to explore the territory in search of gold mines. [PAR] A year later, Spanish explorer Hernán Cortés reached the region and successfully defeated the Chontales. A native woman named Malinche became Cortés’ mistress and mother of his son Martín. Malinche learned to speak Spanish and is often accused of providing Cortés with information vital to the defeat of the Aztecs . [PAR] Complete conquest of Tabasco by the Spaniards was delayed until the late 16th century due to indigenous uprisings and the Spanish preoccupation with dominating the central valley of Mexico . By the end of the 16th century, however, the native population had dwindled to less than 7,500, and fewer than 100 Spanish colonists remained in the area. As part of an initiative to promote the development of agriculture, the Spanish introduced African slaves into the region. Uprisings by these slaves and the indigenous population over their deplorable living conditions hindered the area’s economic development. New uprisings during the 18th century provoked the Spaniards to increase the slave trade and promote new settlements by colonists. [PAR] Recent History [PAR] Mexico’s 1810 independence movement had little effect on the citizens of Tabasco. Nevertheless, the country’s liberation led to the state’s freedom from Spanish rule in 1821. Three years later, Tabasco joined the federation of states. [PAR] Like the rest of the country, 19th-century Tabasco was characterized by political instability and conflicts between local military leaders. U.S. troops occupied the region briefly during the Mexican-American War (1846-1848), and French troops invaded in 1864 to uphold the appointment of Maximilian I, who had forced Mexico’s President Benito'}, 'question': {'The state of Tabasco, where the sauce gets its name, is in which country?'}}

['mexican' 'mexico']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Kickflips and tail whips showcased at skatepark competitionKickflips and tail whips showcased at skatepark competition [PAR] Kickflips and tail whips showcased at skatepark... [PAR] | [PAR] Aug 21, 2014 \xa0|\xa0 Vote 0 \xa0\xa0 0 [PAR] Kickflips and tail whips showcased at skatepark competition [PAR] Kickflips and tail whips showcased at skatepark competition– Image 1 [PAR] Nathan Amy, of Kingston, grabs some air and later made use of the "bowl" and other sections of the skateboard park in the competition held last week. [PAR] Kickflips and tail whips showcased at skatepark competition– Image 2 [PAR] Garnet Barsley, of Picton, gets some lift, giving it his all in the skateboard competition held at Kennedy Park last Sunday. [PAR] Kickflips and tail whips showcased at skatepark competition– Image 3 [PAR] Braeden Gibb on the rails. [PAR] Kickflips and tail whips showcased at skatepark competition– Image 4 [PAR] (Above) Jake Lits, of Lindsay, was the youngest skateboarder in the competition and he took home a secondplace prize. [PAR] Kickflips and tail whips showcased at skatepark competition– Image 5 [PAR] Sue Dickens [PAR] (Left) Dan Jakins, of Peterborough, took first place in the 15 to 18 category of the skateboarding competition. Kevin Ritchie, of Kingston, who often competes, was a judge for the day. [PAR] Kickflips and tail whips showcased at skatepark competition– Image 6 [PAR] Steve Peck, second from the right, owner of RUWA Skateboards in Kingston, hosted the 11th annual skatepark competition in Campbellford on Sunday. He also provided prizes. Here he outlines the rules to the competitors. [PAR] Ollies, nollies and kickflips are just some of the skateboard tricks competitors were into at the 11th annual skatepark competition at Kennedy Park here. [PAR] And that was just the skateboarding. There were BMX events too. [PAR] The bunnyhop, the 360, barspin and tail whip are just some of what the riders did to earn points at last Sunday\'s event. [PAR] "The competitors are judged on consistency, how many tricks they land, how hard the trick is, style and how good it looks," said one of the judges, Kevin Ritchie, who at times also competes. [PAR] The same criteria were used for both competitions. [PAR] Steven Peck, owner of RUWA Skateboards from Kingston, was there to host the skateboard event, providing prizes for the winners. [PAR] Each competitor was allowed two one-minute runs and had full use of the park. [PAR] "The more they use the park the more points they get," noted Ritchie. [PAR] In the skateboard event the following are the winners: 14 years and under -1st Shawn Jakins; 2nd Kieran Lewis; 3rd Jake Lits: 15-18 age group -1st Dan Jakins; 2nd Trevor Lepine and 3rd Phil Richardson: 19 years and up -1st Devon Bartholomew; 2nd Curtis Leeworthy. 3rd Garnet Beersley. [PAR] Although none of these winners are from Trent Hills the event did attract a huge crowd of sports enthusiasts. [PAR] Doug\'s Bicycle of Belleville sponsored the BMX competition and provided prizes. [PAR] "We had 20 to 25 competitors," said Derek Kulker, of Belleville, who won second place in the 19 years and over age group. [PAR] "It was a really good competition. There were a lot of really good riders doing really technical stuff," he added. [PAR] Winners of the BMX event are: 14 years and under -1st Connor Dickson; 2nd Trevor Kirby: 15 to 18 years -1st Brock Clapp; 2nd Mitch Rudder; 2rd Dawson Goheen: 19 and over -1st Antoine Walsh; 2nd Derek Kulker; 3rd Eric Steven Tyler. [PAR] Again none of the winners are from Trent Hills but local riders did compete. [PAR] Three years ago a skateboard jam raised $500 for the third phase of the Kennedy Park revitalization project. [PAR] The park is now a focal point for the community and skateboards and splash pad enthusiasts. [PAR] |[DOC] [TLE] Skateboard Glossary and List of Skateboarding Tricks ...Skateboard Glossary and List of Skateboarding Tricks | Exploratorium [PAR] Anatomy of a Skateboard [PAR] deck: the flat standing surface of a skateboard, usually laminated maple. [PAR] grip tape: sandpaper affixed to the top of the deck with adhesive, used to increase the friction between the deck'}, 'question': {'Kickflips, ollies, Nollies and nosediving are moves in what sport?'}}

['skateboarding']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] mazurka | dance | Britannica.commazurka | dance | Britannica.com [PAR] Mazurka [PAR] tarantella [PAR] Mazurka, Polish mazurek, Polish folk dance for a circle of couples, characterized by stamping feet and clicking heels and traditionally danced to the music of a village band. The music is in 3/4 or 3/8 time with a forceful accent on the second beat . The dance , highly improvisatory, has no set figures, and more than 50 different steps exist. The music written for the dance is also called mazurka. [PAR] The mazurka originated in roughly the 16th century among the Mazurs of east-central Poland and was quickly adopted at the Polish court, yet it remained a folk dance. It eventually spread to Russian and German ballrooms and by the 1830s had reached England and France. As a ballroom dance intended for four or eight couples or for single couples, the mazurka retains room for improvisation. The volume of mazurkas composed for piano by Frédéric Chopin (some 57) reflects his interest in the music of his homeland as well as the dance’s popularity in his day. The varsovienne (Italian varsoviana) is a 19th-century French couple dance that evolved from a simple mazurka step. Also closely related to the mazurka are the smooth, somewhat slower kujawiak and the energetic oberek. [PAR] Learn More in these related articles:[DOC] [TLE] Polish Mazurka Dance (Masovia Women) - Holubiec or HolupcaPolish Mazurka Dance (Masovia Women) - Holubiec or Holupca [PAR] You Are here: [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] \xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0The Slavic groups that occupied the area of present-day Poland were first united under the Piast dynasty and Christianized in the tenth century. The royal crown eventually passed to the Jagiello dynasty (1386-1572), under whom Poland enjoyed its golden age. The arts and sciences flourished, and a Polish-Lithuanian state, created in 1569, maintained an empire that reached from the Baltic to the Black Sea. [PAR] \xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0The vintage Mazourka (Masovia Women) or Mazurka (English) originated in the province of Mazovie, Poland near Warsaw and became its national dance in Poland\'s golden age (Sixteenth Century). Originally it was called the "Holubiec or Holupca," named after the brass [PAR] metal heels, which they strike while dancing. The Oberek, Polska and kujawiak are related. [PAR] \xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0The Mazurka is sometimes called the "Masur or Masurek" by the people of Poland while its name is derived from the tribe called "Masures" who dwell in what was once the Duchy of Masovia (Mazowsze.) From Poland it went to Russia and formed a Russian Mazurka with the soldiers then on to England in 1845 by the Duke Of Devonshire (1833-1908) and became nationalized in Paris, France and other countries. [PAR] \xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0However it never gained real attention because it is a very artistic and difficult dance to learn. It was originally performed exclusively as a classic dance, and consisted of numerous figures and steps, all of which it is now divested, except a few of the elementary movements. The music of the Mazourka is in 3/4 or 3/8 measure and Markowsky is credited for composing the first Mazurka. The Mazurka is said to be a interpreted dance, meaning that the basic steps are taught, but it is up to the dancer to interpret it as they see fit. Here is a passage from Henri Celarius book "La Danse des Salons" in 1847 on the Mazurka: "The real dancer of the mazurka not only varies his steps, but more frequently invents them, creating new ones that belong only to himself, and which others would be wrong in copying with servility. One of the great advantages of this dance is, that it leaves to each his individuality, and prevents those, who practice it, from seeming as if formed upon the same model". [PAR] \xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0The "Melancholy Mazourka" is said to be the most beautiful dance of all time when executed correctly and was hailed as the "Queen of Social Dances." It seems to express sentiments of sweetness and tenderness. It is full of elegance--of an indolent elegance; it is not a vulgar dance; its slowness has something aristocratic about it, even a little haughtiness. The waltz'}, 'question': {'The mazurka originated in which country?'}}

['poland']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Palaeontology | Definition, meaning & more | Collins ...palaeontology | Definition, meaning & more | Collins Dictionary [PAR] C19: from palaeo- + onto- + -logy [PAR] palaeontology for learners of EnglishPowered by COBUILD (pæliɒntɒlədʒi , US peɪl- ) also paleontology [PAR] Definitions [PAR] uncountable noun [PAR] Palaeontology is the study of fossils as a guide to the history of life on Earth . [PAR] palaeontologist Word forms: palaeontologists countable noun ⇒\xa0...just as a palaeontologist can reconstruct a dinosaur from one of its toes. [PAR] COBUILD Advanced English Dictionary. Copyright © Harper Collins Publishers[DOC] [TLE] What is Paleontology?What is Paleontology? [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Paleontology is a rich field, imbued with a long and interesting past and an even more intriguing and hopeful future. Many people think paleontology is the study of fossils. In fact, paleontology is much more. [PAR] Paleontology is traditionally divided into various subdisciplines: [PAR] Micropaleontology: Study of generally microscopic fossils, regardless of the group to which they belong. [PAR] Paleobotany: Study of fossil plants; traditionally includes the study of fossil algae and fungi in addition to land plants. [PAR] Palynology: Study of pollen and spores, both living and fossil, produced by land plants and protists. [PAR] Invertebrate Paleontology: Study of invertebrate animal fossils, such as mollusks, echinoderms, and others. [PAR] Vertebrate Paleontology: Study of vertebrate fossils, from primitive fishes to mammals. [PAR] Human Paleontology (Paleoanthropology): The study of prehistoric human and proto-human fossils. [PAR] Taphonomy: Study of the processes of decay, preservation, and the formation of fossils in general. [PAR] Ichnology: Study of fossil tracks, trails, and footprints. [PAR] Paleoecology: Study of the ecology and climate of the past, as revealed both by fossils and by other methods. [PAR] In short, paleontology is the study of what fossils tell us about the ecologies of the past, about evolution, and about our place, as humans, in the world. Paleontology incorporates knowledge from biology, geology, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, and even computer science to understand the processes that have led to the origination and eventual destruction of the different types of organisms since life arose. The exhibits that we have set up here are created by paleontologists. More than just an overview of the diversity that has existed through time on this planet, the exhibits also highlight some of the research that paleontologists are conducting at the Museum of Paleontology.[DOC] [TLE] Paleontology - ScienceViews.comPaleontology [PAR] Norman Ross of the division of Paleontology, National Museum, is preparing the skeleton of a baby dinosaur some seven or eight million years old for exhibition. [ more ] [PAR] Paleontology [PAR] What is Paleontology? [PAR] Paleontology, put simply, is the study of prehistoric life. This includes the history of the earth , the organisms in it, as well as their evolution, and their interactions with other organisms and the environment. It is a historical science, meaning it describes the past and its causes as opposed to physics which performs experiments to learn the effects. Paleontology is difficult to distinguish from archeology. Archeology is the study of human remains and civilizations, while paleontologists study human evolution and the effects that the environment had on early humans. The two are separate but frequently overlap. Paleontology is also in-between the sciences of biology and geology as it uses many elements of both. Paleontology uses many sciences as part of its study. For instance, a paleontologist might study ecology through ancient plant samples, or he/she might study the chemistry of fossils or rocks to determine the environment of the earth at that time. It is obvious that Paleontology is a wide spread science, but it also contains subdivisions such as Paleobotany, the study of prehistoric plants, or Biostratigraphy, the dating of fossils in relation to other fossils around it. [PAR] What do Paleontologists do? [PAR] Paleontologists study both body fossils and trace fossils. Body fossils are perhaps the most informative and include fossils like dinosaur bones, old seashells, and other skeletons. However, body fossils can be somewhat biased. In order to fossilize well, an organism must usually have a hard'}, 'question': {'Palaeontology is the study of what?'}}

['fossils' 'fossil']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] What Is Mars Atmosphere Made Of - Universe TodayWhat Is Mars Atmosphere Made Of - Universe Today [PAR] \xa0 Universe Today [PAR] What Is Mars Atmosphere Made Of [PAR] Article Updated: 24 Dec , 2015 [PAR] by Jerry Coffey [PAR] [/caption]I think that one of the most interesting questions that have been posed of late is ‘what is Mar’s atmosphere made of?’ There has been a great deal of study done on this topic and interest is increasing since the discovery of methane, a possible indicator of life. [PAR] The atmosphere of Mars is over 95% carbon dioxide, 95.32% to be exact. The breakdown of gases goes like this: [PAR] Carbon dioxide 95.32% [PAR] Nitric oxide .0013% [PAR] Trace gases(including krypton, methane, etc) [PAR] The Martian atmosphere has four main layers: lower, middle, upper, and exosphere. The lower atmosphere is a warm region(around 210 K). It is warmed by airborne dust(1.5 micrometers across) and heat radiated from the surface. This airborne dust gives the planet its ruddy brown appearance. The middle atmosphere is features a jetstream similar to Earth’s. The upper atmosphere is heated by the solar wind and the temperatures are much higher than at the surface. This heat separates the gases. The exosphere starts at about 200 km and has no clear end. It just tapers off into space. [PAR] The carbon dioxide in the atmosphere freezes for part of the year and may drop to the surface. As much as 25% of the atmospheric carbon dioxide condenses at the polar caps into solid ice(dry ice) because the Martian poles are not exposed to sunlight during the planet’s winter. When the poles are again exposed to sunlight, the ice returns to its gas form and rises back into the atmosphere. So, a significant annual variation in the atmospheric pressure and atmospheric composition around the Martian poles. [PAR] The methane mentioned earlier is used to show the possibility of life on Mars. While it is a byproduct of life, it is also a result of volcanism, geothermal process, and hydrothermal activity. Methane is an unstable gas, so there has to be a source on the planet that is constantly replenishing it. It has to be a very active source, because studies have shown that the methane is destroyed in less than on Earth year. It is thought that peroxides and perchlorates in the soil or that it condenses and evaporates seasonally from clathrates. [PAR] Now you answer ‘ what is Mar’s atmosphere made of?’ the next time it comes up. You can be sure that the methane component will continue to be studied by rovers, orbiters, and, in the future, astronauts. [PAR] We have written many articles about the atmosphere of Mars for Universe Today. Here’s an article about the air on Mars , and here’s an article about Mars’ comparison with Earth . [PAR] If you’d like more info on Mars, check out Hubblesite’s News Releases about Mars , and here’s a link to the NASA Mars Exploration home page . [PAR] We’ve also recorded an episode of Astronomy Cast all about Mars. Listen here, Episode 52: Mars . [PAR] Reference:[DOC] [TLE] Mars' Atmosphere: Composition, Climate & WeatherMars' Atmosphere: Composition, Climate & Weather [PAR] Mars' Atmosphere: Composition, Climate & Weather [PAR] By Tim Sharp, Reference Editor | [PAR] August 3, 2012 02:50pm ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] The thin atmosphere of Mars today composed mainly of carbon dioxide as depicted in this artist's illustration [PAR] Credit: NASA [PAR] Mars has a thin atmosphere — too thin to easily support life as we know it. The extremely thin air on Mars can also become very dusty. Giant dust storms can blanket the entire planet and last for months. [PAR] What is Mars' atmosphere made of? [PAR] The atmosphere of Mars is about 100 times thinner than Earth's, and it is 95 percent carbon dioxide. Here's a breakdown of its composition: [PAR] Carbon dioxide: 95.32 percent [PAR] Also, minor amounts of: water, nitrogen oxide, neon, hydrogen-deuterium-oxygen, krypton and xenon [PAR] Climate and weather [PAR] Mars' thin atmosphere and its greater distance from the sun mean that Mars is much"}, 'question': {'What is the main constituent of the atmosphere of Mars?'}}

['carbon dioxide']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Character profile for Reginald Jeeves from My Man Jeeves ...Character profile for Reginald Jeeves from My Man Jeeves (Jeeves, #1) (page 1) [PAR] [close] Jeeves [PAR] Reginald Jeeves is a fictional character in the short stories and novels of P. G. Wodehouse, being the "gentleman\'s personal gentleman" (valet) of Bertie Wooster (Bertram Wilberforce Wooster). Created in 1915, Jeeves would continue to appear in Wodehouse\'s works until his final, completed, novel Aunts Aren\'t Gentlemen in 1974, making him Wodehouse\'s most famous character. The name "Jeeves" comes from Percy Jeeves, a Warwickshire cricketer killed in the First World War. Both the name "Jeeves" and the character of Jeeves have come to be thought of as the quintessential name and nature of a valet, butler, or chauffeur, inspiring many similar characters (as well as the name of the Internet search engine Ask Jeeves). A "Jeeves" is now a generic term in references such as the Oxford English Dictionary. [PAR] [close] Reginald Jeeves is a fictional character in the short stories and novels of P. G. Wodehouse, being the "gentleman\'s personal gentleman" (valet) of Bertie Wooster (Bertram Wilberforce Wooster). Created in 1915, Jeeves would continue to appear in Wodehouse\'s works until his final, completed, novel Aunts Aren\'t Gentlemen in 1974, making him Wodehouse\'s most famous character. The name "Jeeves" comes from Percy Jeeves, a Warwickshire cricketer killed in the First World War. Both the name "Jeeves" and the character of Jeeves have come to be thought of as the quintessential name and nature of a valet, butler, or chauffeur, inspiring many similar characters (as well as the name of the Internet search engine Ask Jeeves). A "Jeeves" is now a generic term in references such as the Oxford English Dictionary. [PAR] edit descriptions of this character[DOC] [TLE] Jeeves - P. G. Wodehouse Wiki - WikiaJeeves | P. G. Wodehouse Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] P. G. Wodehouse Wiki [PAR] Share [PAR] Reginald Jeeves is a fictional character in the short stories and novels of P. G. Wodehouse , being the "personal gentleman\'s gentleman" ( valet ) of Bertie Wooster (Bertram Wilberforce Wooster). Created in 1915, Jeeves would continue to appear in Wodehouse\'s works until his final, completed, novel Aunts Aren\'t Gentlemen in 1974, making him Wodehouse\'s most famous character. The name "Jeeves" comes from Percy Jeeves , a Warwickshire cricketer killed in the First World War. [1] [PAR] Both the name "Jeeves" and the character of Jeeves have come to be thought of as the quintessential name and nature of a valet , butler , or chauffeur , inspiring many similar characters (as well as the name of the Internet search engine Ask Jeeves ). A "Jeeves" is now a generic term in references such as the Oxford English Dictionary . [2] [PAR] Jeeves is a valet , not a butler —that is, he serves a man and not a household. However, Bertie Wooster has lent out Jeeves as a butler on several occasions, and notes: "If the call comes, he can buttle with the best of them." [3] [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] The premise of the Jeeves stories is that the brilliant valet is firmly in control of his rich and foppish young employer\'s life. When Bertie gets into an unwanted social obligation , legal trouble, or engagement to marry, Jeeves invariably comes up with a subtle plan to save him, often without Bertie\'s knowledge. [PAR] Jeeves is known for his convoluted yet precise speech and for quoting from Shakespeare and famous romantic poets . In his free time, he likes to relax with "improving" books such as the complete works of Spinoza , or to read " Dostoyevsky and the great Russians". [4] He "glides" or "shimmers" in and out of rooms and may appear or disappear suddenly and without warning. His potable concoctions, both of the alcoholic and the morning-after variety, are legendary. [PAR] Jeeves frequently displays mastery over a vast range of subjects'}, 'question': {'Jeeves is butler to which fictional character created by P G Wodehouse?'}}

['bertram wilberforce wooster' 'bertie wooster']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Sandy CapeSandy Cape is the most northern point on Fraser Island off the coast of Queensland, Australia. The place was named by James Cook during his 1770 voyage up the eastern coast of Australia aboard the Endeavour. To the south the next two ocean headlands are Waddy Point and Indian Head which was also named by Cook. [PAR] The cape is protected within the Fraser Island section of the Great Sandy National Park. BreakSea Spit extends about 30\xa0km north of Sandy Cape. Nesting loggerhead and green turtles use the remote, sandy location as a rookery. Nighttime driving along the beach at Sandy Cape is banned during the nesting season. The vegetation at the cape is stunted and windswept. The foredunes are lightly covered by spinifex grass. [PAR] Vehicle access to Sandy Cape is only available by the eastern beach at low tide. Camping is permitted in the area and it is a popular location with anglers. [PAR] History [PAR] Matthew Flinders, traveling aboard the Investigator, landed at Sandy Cape in 1802 and noted the desolate landscape. In August 1803, the ships Cato and Porpoise were both sunk off the cape in bad weather. The Seabelle was wrecked in 1857 and the Chang Chow in 1884 in waters closer to the cape which may contain hidden sandbars. Because of the number of shipwrecks in the vicinity the Sandy Cape Light was constructed in 1870. This marked the first permanent European settlement on Fraser Island. [PAR] Clement Lindley Wragge set up an extensive network of weather stations around Queensland, including one at Sandy Cape. The cape is still used as a reference point for weather forecasting today.[DOC] [TLE] Fraser IslandFraser Island is a heritage-listed island located along the southern coast of Queensland, Australia, approximately 200 km north of Brisbane. It is a locality within the Fraser Coast local government in the Wide Bay–Burnett region. Its length is about 120 km and its width is approximately 24 km. It was inscribed as a World Heritage site in 1992. The island is considered to be the largest sand island in the world at 1,840\xa0km2. It is also Queensland's largest island, Australia's sixth largest island and the largest island on the East Coast of Australia. [PAR] The island has rainforests, eucalyptus woodland, mangrove forests, wallum and peat swamps, sand dunes and coastal heaths. It is made up of sand that has been accumulating for approximately 750,000 years on volcanic bedrock that provides a natural catchment for the sediment which is carried on a strong offshore current northwards along the coast. Unlike on many sand dunes, plant life is abundant due to the naturally occurring mycorrhizal fungi present in the sand, which release nutrients in a form that can be absorbed by the plants. Fraser Island is home to a small number of mammal species, as well as a diverse range of birds, reptiles and amphibians, including the occasional saltwater crocodile. The island is protected in the Great Sandy National Park. [PAR] Fraser Island has been inhabited by humans for as much as 5,000 years. Explorer James Cook sailed by the island in May 1770. Matthew Flinders landed near the most northern point of the island in 1802. For a short period the island was known as Great Sandy Island. The island became known as Fraser due to the stories of a shipwreck survivor named Eliza Fraser. Today the island is a popular tourism destination. Its resident human population was 194 at the 2011 Australian Census. [PAR] Geography and ecology [PAR] Fraser Island is separated from the mainland by Great Sandy Strait. The southern tip, near Tin Can Bay, is situated to the north of Inskip Peninsula. The most northern point of the island is Sandy Cape where the Sandy Cape Light operated from 1870 to 1994. The establishment of the lighthouse was the first permanent European settlement on the island. The nearest large town to Fraser Island is Hervey Bay, while Maryborough and Bundaberg are also close by. The bay on the north east coast is called Marloo Bay and on the north west coast is Platypus Bay. The most westerly place on the island is Moon Point. [PAR] Eli Creek is the largest creek on the east coast of the island with a flow of 80"}, 'question': {'What nest at Sandy Cape, the most northern point on Fraser Island off the coast of Queensland, Australia, which is protected as part of the Great Sandy National Park?'}}

['turtles' 'turtle']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Goodlatte says U.S. has the oldest working national ...Goodlatte says U.S. has the oldest working national constitution | PolitiFact Virginia [PAR] The U.S. Constitution is "the oldest written constitution still in use today" among nations. [PAR] — Bob Goodlatte on Wednesday, September 17th, 2014 in a video. [PAR] Goodlatte says U.S. has the oldest working national constitution [PAR] By Sean Gorman on Monday, September 22nd, 2014 at 12:00 a.m. [PAR] U.S. Rep. Bob Goodlatte was among many Virginia lawmakers who wished the U.S. Constitution a happy 227th birthday on Sep. 17. [PAR] "As we reflect with reverence on the oldest written constitution still in use today, let’s also not forget the dangers of an unchecked executive branch," Goodlatte, R-6th, said in a video. [PAR] We’ll pass on the jab at President Barack Obama for executive overreach. Our goal is to check whether the U.S. really has the oldest active constitution. [PAR] Beth Breeding, Goodlatte’s spokeswoman, pointed to several documents supporting the congressman’s statement. Among them is a passage from the U.S. Senate website, which says the Constitution is "The world’s longest surviving written charter of government." Breeding noted that similar statements appear on the websites of the National Archives , Encyclopedia Britannica , and The Constitution Center in Philadelphia -- a museum dedicated to the U.S. Constitution. [PAR] We ran Goodlatte’s statement by Tom Ginsburg , a University of Chicago professor and a principal investigator with the Comparative Constitutions Project, which has examined national constitutions around the world. He agreed with the congressman and directed us to a list his group has compiled on when national constitutions were enacted. The oldest one is the United States’. Although signed in 1787, it needed to be ratified by the states and didn’t go into effect until 1789. [PAR] Next on the seniority list is Norway, which enacted its constitution in 1814, \xa0and then Belgium, in 1831. [PAR] Although we may think of constitutions as yellowing pieces of parchment, that’s not always the case. Only half live more than 19 years, according to a summary of a 2009 book that Ginsburg co-wrote about constitutions around the world. [PAR] While many constitutional experts agree with Goodlatte, his statement does not get unanimous ratification. As our colleagues at PolitiFact noted in 2011, there’s a debate among scholars over whether some countries have an older constitution than the U.S. [PAR] It all depends on how you define a constitution. [PAR] Merriam Webster’s dictionary defines the term a couple of ways. One of them is as a governing document. But another way is as a "system of beliefs and laws by which a country, state or organization is governed." [PAR] Some countries don’t have a formal central constitution like the U.S., but rather pull from a collection of laws, practices and texts that date back centuries. [PAR] For example, the tiny country of San Marino, landlocked by Italy, bases its government on various "legislative instruments," including a series of written laws enacted in 1600, according to the Central Intelligence Agency’s World Factbook. [PAR] The United Kingdom, is said to have an \xa0"unwritten" constitution based on common law, practices and various statutes -- including the Magna Carta, which was written in the 13th century. [PAR] John Paul Jones, a professor of law emeritus at the University of Richmond, said Goodlatte’s statement is essentially correct. But Jones qualified his conclusion by pointing to the United Kingdom’s constitution. Although largely unwritten, Jones said it does contain some centuries-old texts including "three or four documents that predate 1789." [PAR] What makes the U.S. Constitution so enduring? We asked Lynn Uzzell, the scholar in residence at Montpelier, the home of President James Madison, who was one of the most frequent speakers at the 1787 Constitutional Convention. [PAR] Uzzell said she thinks it’s because the document is based on a lot of sound principles guarding against abuse of power. She also said it’s a relatively simple and short document with a lot of flexibility allowing the country to respond to developing circumstances. \xa0 [PAR] A final note: Goodlatte’s office justifies his statement by citing documents that compare the U.S. Constitution to other countries'}, 'question': {"The constitution of which country is the world's oldest still in effect?"}}

['san marino']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Alberta Population 2016 - World Population ReviewAlberta Population 2016 - World Population Review [PAR] World Population Review [PAR] 11.19.2016 [PAR] Alberta Population 2016 [PAR] Alberta is a province of Canada in western Canada. It's one of the 3 Prairie Provinces in Canada bordered by British Columbia to the west, Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest Territories to the north and the U.S. state Montana to the south. The capital of Alberta is Edmonton, located near the center of the province and 180 miles north of Calgary, the largest city of Alberta. [PAR] Alberta is the 4th most populous province of Canada and the most populous of the prairie provinces. Alberta has an estimated population of 4.08 million, up from 3.645 million in 2011. The province has a population density of 6 people per square kilometer, or 15 people per square mile. [PAR] Cities in Alberta [PAR] Calgary is the largest city with an estimated population of 1.1 million and a metropolitan population of 1.21 million. This makes it the third-largest municipality and the 5th largest census metropolitan area (CMA) in the country. [PAR] Edmonton is the capital of Alberta and located on the North Saskatchewan River. As the second-largest city in Alberta and the fifth-largest metropolitan area in the country, Edmonton has a population of 815,000 in 2014. The Edmonton CMA has a population of 1.16 million. It is the northernmost city in North America with a metro population of at least one million. [PAR] Red Deer, in central Alberta, is the third largest city and it's located midway in the Calgary-Edmonton Corridor. Red Deer is the center for agriculture and oil distribution in the country with an estimated population of 98,000. [PAR] Lethbridge is the 4th most populous city in Alberta and located in Southern Alberta, southeast of Calgary with an estimated population of 90,000. [PAR] Alberta Demographics [PAR] About 81% of Alberta's population lives in an urban area with just 19% in the rural areas. The most urbanized area is the Calgary-Edmonton Corridor, which is also one of the most densely populated areas in all of Canada. [PAR] In 2006, the racial and ethnic composition of Alberta was 80.3% white, 13.9% belonging to a visible minority group and 5.8% Aboriginal (3% First Nations, 2.6% Metis, 0.1% other Aboriginal). Visible minority groups include: [PAR] Chinese: 3.7%[DOC] [TLE] AlbertaAlberta is a western province of Canada. With an estimated population of 4,196,457 as of July 1, 2015, it is Canada's fourth-most populous province and the most populous of Canada's three prairie provinces. Its area is about . Alberta and its neighbour Saskatchewan were districts of the Northwest Territories until they were established as provinces on September 1, 1905. The premier has been Rachel Notley since May 2015. [PAR] Alberta is bounded by the provinces of British Columbia to the west and Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest Territories to the north, and the U.S. state of Montana to the south. Alberta is one of three Canadian provinces and territories to border only a single U.S. state and one of only two landlocked provinces. It has a predominantly humid continental climate, with stark contrasts over a year but seasonal temperature average swings are smaller than to areas further east, due to winters being warmed by occasional chinook winds bringing sudden warming. [PAR] Alberta's capital, Edmonton, is near the geographic centre of the province and is the primary supply and service hub for Canada's crude oil, oil sands (Athabasca oil sands) and other northern resource industries. [PAR] About 290 km south of the capital is Calgary, the largest city in Alberta. Calgary and Edmonton centre Alberta's two census metropolitan areas, both of which have populations exceeding one million, while the province has 16 census agglomerations. Tourist destinations in the province include Banff, Canmore, Drumheller, Jasper and Sylvan Lake. [PAR] Etymology [PAR] Alberta is named after Princess Louise Caroline Alberta (1848–1939), the fourth daughter of Victoria, Queen of Canada, and Albert, Prince Consort. Princess Louise was the wife of John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne, Governor General of Canada (1878–83). Lake Louise and Mount Alberta were also named"}, 'question': {'What is the largest city in the province of Alberta, Canada?'}}

['calgary']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Elizabeth II Biography - life, family, children, death ...Elizabeth II Biography - life, family, children, death, history, wife, young, information, born, marriage, time [PAR] Elizabeth II Biography [PAR] London, England [PAR] English queen [PAR] Elizabeth II became queen of the United Kingdom upon the death of her father, George VI (1895–1952), in 1952. A popular queen, she is respected for her knowledge of and participation in state affairs. In addition, Elizabeth II has started new trends toward modernization and openness in the royal family. Her efforts have not been unsuccessful. [PAR] Early life [PAR] Elizabeth II was born on April 21, 1926, in London, England, the oldest child of the Duke of York and his wife, Elizabeth. Her father became King George VI of Great Britain and Ireland in 1936 when his older brother Edward VIII (1894–1972) gave up the throne. Along with her younger sister, Margaret, Elizabeth was educated at home by private tutors. She particularly liked history, languages, and music. She later took an interest in national affairs. As a teenager Elizabeth began to make her first public appearances. She married Philip Mountbatten in November 1947, and they had four children—Prince Charles (1948–), Princess Anne (1950–), Prince Andrew (1960–), and Prince Edward (1964–). [PAR] The new queen [PAR] After Elizabeth became queen in 1952, she tried in her own way to make the British monarchy more modern and more sensitive to the public. She began hosting informal luncheons at Buckingham Palace (the London residence of the queen) to which a variety of people from fields such as industry, theater, and sports were invited. The attendees of her garden parties became increasingly diverse. She showed interest and skill in use of the broadcast media, notably in her annual Christmas television messages, in royally approved documentaries, and in television broadcasts of events such as Prince Charles\'s naming ceremony as Prince of Wales and royal weddings. [PAR] Perhaps the most popular of Elizabeth\'s attempts was the "walkabout," in which she met, shook hands, and chatted with ordinary people in the crowds that gathered around her. These strolls revealed her belief that "I have to be seen to be believed." [PAR] A popular traveler [PAR] At least part of Elizabeth\'s popularity could be attributed to her worldwide travels. Her engaging and gracious attitude during these travels contributed to the warmth and enthusiasm of the receptions that greeted her. Between 1970 and 1985 she had an amazingly full schedule. She visited France in the spring of 1972, attended the Commonwealth Conference in Ottawa in 1973, and took part in the United States celebrations of the two-hundredth anniversary of American independence from England. She then headed north to Montreal to open the 1976 Summer Olympics. She also traveled some fifty-six thousand miles as part of her 1977 Silver Jubilee celebrations, which marked her twenty-fifth year as queen. In 1979 she traveled to Kuwait, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, and Oman. [PAR] In April 1982 Elizabeth made an important visit to Ottawa, Canada, where she proclaimed the New Canadian constitution, which cut the last legal links between the United Kingdom and Canada. In March 1984 she visited Jamaica, Grand Cayman Island, Mexico, California, and British Columbia, Canada. While in California, her first trip to the west coast of North America, she made some twenty public appearances, including a visit with Prince Philip to President Ronald Reagan\'s (1911–) Santa Barbara ranch and to Yosemite National Park. She went to North America again in 1984, visiting Canada for the fourteenth time and afterward the United States. [PAR] Happy events [PAR] Amid all the travels, Elizabeth celebrated many joyous personal events. On November 20, 1972, the queen and Prince Philip celebrated their twenty-fifth wedding anniversary. One hundred'}, 'question': {"Which of Queen Elizabeth II's children was the last to be married?"}}

['edward']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Thomas Lipton • Biography & FactsThomas Lipton • Biography & Facts [PAR] Thomas Lipton [PAR] Thomas Lipton [PAR] Sir Thomas Johnstone Lipton, 1st Baronet, KCVO (10 May 1848 – 2 October 1931) was a Scotsman of Ulster-Scots parentage who was a self-made man, merchant, and yachtsman. He created the Lipton tea brand and was the most persistent challenger in the history of the America\'s Cup.[DOC] [TLE] Sailing with Sir Thomas Lipton, America\'s Cup Challenger ...Sailing with Sir Thomas Lipton, America\'s Cup Challenger Shamrock V! - YouTube [PAR] Sailing with Sir Thomas Lipton, America\'s Cup Challenger Shamrock V! [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Jul 4, 2012 [PAR] Sir Thomas Lipton says a few words about sailing as he prepares to compete in the America\'s Cup. Hear the legendary tea magnate shout commands to his crew as he guides the yacht Shamrock V through the seas. [PAR] Sir Thomas Johnstone Lipton, 1st Baronet, KCVO (10 May 1848 -- 2 October 1931) was a Scotsman of Ulster-Scots parentage who was a self-made man, merchant, and yachtsman. He created the Lipton tea brand and was the most persistent challenger in the history of the America\'s Cup. [PAR] King Edward VII and King George V both shared their interest in yachting with Lipton and enjoyed his company. Between 1899 and 1930 he challenged the American holders of the America\'s Cup through the Royal Ulster Yacht Club five times with his yachts called Shamrock through Shamrock V. His well publicised efforts to win the cup, which earned him a specially designed cup for "the best of all losers", made his tea brand famous in the U.S. As a self-made man Lipton, however, was no natural member of the British upper class and the Royal Yacht Squadron only admitted him shortly before his death. Lipton was inducted into the America\'s Cup Hall of Fame in 1993. [PAR] Before the first Football World Cup was held in 1930, Thomas Lipton donated the Sir Thomas Lipton Trophy which was contested in two international tournaments in Turin in 1909 and 1911. [PAR] He also donated the Copa Lipton trophy which has been contested between Argentina and Uruguay since 1905. [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] Thomas Lipton - WikiquoteThomas Lipton - Wikiquote [PAR] Thomas Lipton [PAR] Jump to: navigation , search [PAR] Sir Thomas Johnstone Lipton [PAR] Sir Thomas Johnstone Lipton , Bt, KCVO (1850-05-10 – 1931-10-02) was born in Scotland of Irish parents. He was a self-made man, merchant , and yachtsman, who created the famous Lipton tea brand and was the most persistent challenger in the history of the America\'s Cup. [PAR] This Businesspeople article is a stub . You can help Wikiquote by expanding it . [PAR] Quotes about Thomas Lipton[ edit ] [PAR] The World\'s best loser [PAR] Said of him by American yachtsmen after his repeated failures to win the Americas Cup [PAR] Quoted in "Lipton, Sir Thomas Johnstone, baronet (1850–1931)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography[DOC] [TLE] AMERICAN MAHOGANY AND BRASS BREECH-LOADING YACHT CANNON ...AMERICAN MAHOGANY AND BRASS BREECH-LOADING YACHT CANNON, ATTRIBUTED TO THE BROWN CO., NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT, CIRCA 1880. | Northeast Auctions [PAR] Lot # 517\xa0\xa0\xa0 [PAR] AMERICAN MAHOGANY AND BRASS BREECH-LOADING YACHT CANNON, ATTRIBUTED TO THE BROWN CO., NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT, CIRCA 1880. [PAR] Est.\xa0$9,000-$12,000 [PAR] Description [PAR] All brass furniture on a mahogany carriage, affixed with a brass plaque engraved “PRESENTED TO THE ROCHESTER YACHT CLUB BY Sir Thomas J. Lipton, 1901.” Height 12 inches, length 26 inches.The Scotsman Sir Thomas Johnstone Lipton, 1st Baronet, KCVO (1848-1931), was a self-made man, merchant, and yachtsman. He created the Lipton tea brand and was the'}, 'question': {"Which Scotsman, a self-made man, merchant and yachtsman who created a tea brand, was a persistent challenger for the America's Cup?"}}

['sir thomas lipton' 'thomas lipton' 'thomas johnstone lipton']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Norhalla - Norse Mythology and Legends - God Art - BaldurNorhalla - Norse Mythology and Legends - God Art - Baldur [PAR] Husband to Nanna, son of Odin & Frigga [PAR] Splash color = Blue [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Baldur represents and personifies, and is the source of what is known as divine inspiration, perspective, and insight as it relates to peace. [PAR] In Norse mythology, Baldur\'s sword is called Mistletoe. Baldur is killed by a branch of the mistletoe plant by the blind Hodur at Loki\'s direction. In Legends, Baldur is killed by Hodur, who is blind to Loki\'s influence and danger and is killed by his own sword Mistletoe. [PAR] After Baldur dies, his wife Nanna wrought with heartbreak and grief throws herself onto his funeral pyre and dies. While in Hel, Baldur gives a golden ring to Hermod (Andvari\'s ring) to take back to Asgard. [PAR] The death of Baldur is one of the turning events just prior to Ragnarok. In Norse mythology, it is said that Baldur will return after Ragnarok. [PAR] Baldur[DOC] [TLE] BALDUR - the Norse God of Good (Norse mythology)BALDUR - the Norse God of Good (Norse mythology) [PAR] BALDUR [PAR] Also known as BALDER, BALDR [PAR] The un-indestructible God of Goodness and Peace [PAR] ODIN and FRIGG ’s son BALDUR is the Shining One — a champion of goodness, innocence and forgiveness. He is loved by everybody. [PAR] Wait! News has just reached us that he was killed by LOKI . But how did he die? He was supposed to be invulnerable. His mother made sure of it — she got every living thing in existence to promise never to harm him, thus making him completely indestructible. [PAR] In fact, BALDUR was so impervious to injury that at banquets guests used to amuse themselves by hurling sharp objects at him. Not dying horribly was a hilarious party trick of his. [PAR] So how did LOKI kill the unkillable kid? (It’s more convoluted than Agatha Christie or a Dan Brown novel but bear with us.) Ah yes, when all the world was promising not to hurt him, there was an exception. Mistletoe. Yes, mistletoe. Frankly, mistletoe was so tiny and insignificant that FRIGG didn’t even bother to ask. Oops. [PAR] When LOKI found out, he made a dart of sharpened mistletoe and gave it to a blind god called HOD . In the middle of a banquet, HOD with sharp ears and sharp mistletoe hit the target. Zap! The good god was now good and dead. [PAR] Don’t panic — there was a resurrection clause. With extensive mourning by all living things on Earth, he might have been brought back to life. [PAR] But no. It failed — one old hag called Thokk refused to weep, saying he never did anything for her. [PAR] But that’s not the end of it. The old hag turned out to have been arch-villain LOKI in one of his many disguises. When confronted, he tried to escape by turning into a salmon. But he was not slippery enough to escape the net and now faces perpetual punishment. [PAR] There’s even more! HOD turns out to be BALDUR’s unsuspecting twin brother. But was he full of hidden hatred? Will BALDUR return? Can HERMOTH save him from the Underworld? Don’t miss the next episode of the Baldur Murder Mystery. [PAR] As you might imagine, this Scandinavian soap saga is one of the most important of the Norse legends. Sadly for BALDUR fans he is famous mostly for being dead. Celebrity gossip has linked his name with the similar-sounding God of Goodness BELOBOG from Slavic mythology, but we are not convinced. Perhaps it will all become clear in Episode 427263. Can you wait for the next installment? [PAR] BALDUR FACTS AND FIGURES [PAR] Cite this [PAR] Link to this page [PAR] HTML: To link to this page, just copy and paste the text below into your blog, web page or email. [PAR] <a href="http://www.godchecker.com/pantheon/norse-mythology.php?deity=BALDUR">Godchecker entry on BALDUR, the Norse God of Good</a> [PAR] BBCODE: To link to this page'}, 'question': {'In Norse mythology, which plant killed the god Baldur?'}}

['mistletoe']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Straits of MackinacThe Straits of Mackinac ( ) is a narrow waterway in the U.S. state of Michigan, between Michigan\'s Lower and Upper Peninsulas. The Straits of Mackinac connect two of the Great Lakes, Lake Michigan and Lake Huron. The straits are 5 mi wide and 20 fathom deep. Hydrologically, the two connected lakes can be considered one, which is called Lake Michigan–Huron. Historically, the region around the Straits was known by the native Odawa people as Michilimackinac. [PAR] History [PAR] The Straits of Mackinac is a major shipping lane, providing passage for raw materials and finished goods and connecting, for instance, the iron mines of Minnesota to the steel mills of Gary, Indiana. Before the railroads reached Chicago from the east, most immigrants arrived in the Midwest and Great Plains by ships on the Great Lakes. The straits is five miles (8\xa0km) wide at its narrowest point, where it is spanned by the Mackinac Bridge. Before the bridge was built, car ferries transported vehicles across the straits. Today passenger-only ferries carry people to Mackinac Island, which does not permit cars. Visitors can take their vehicles on a car ferry to Bois Blanc Island. [PAR] Islands in the Straits of Mackinac include the two populated islands, Bois Blanc and Mackinac, and two that are uninhabited: Round and St. Helena islands. At 11 mi in length, Bois Blanc is the largest island in the straits. [PAR] The straits are shallow and narrow enough to freeze over in the winter. Navigation is ensured for year-round shipping to the Lower Great Lakes by the use of icebreakers. [PAR] The straits were an important Native American and fur trade route. Located on the southern side of the straits is the town of Mackinaw City, the site of Fort Michilimackinac, a reconstructed French fort founded in 1715, and on the northern side is St. Ignace, site of a French Catholic mission to the Indians, founded in 1671. The eastern end of the straits was controlled by Fort Mackinac on Mackinac Island, a British colonial and early American military base and fur trade center, founded in 1781. [PAR] Today [PAR] The straits are patrolled by a detachment of the United States Coast Guard based at Graham Point, St. Ignace. A shipping channel through the winter ice is maintained by the Coast Guard\'s Great Lakes icebreaker, USCGC Mackinaw, based in Cheboygan near the eastern edge of the Straits. This vessel went into service during the 2005/06 ice season. [PAR] Most of the Straits have been set aside by the state of Michigan as the Straits of Mackinac Shipwreck Preserve, a riparian public space dedicated to those personnel who were lost aboard the boats and ships that sank in these dangerous shipping lanes. [PAR] Lighthouses in the Straits of Mackinac include: [PAR] *The McGulpin Point Light, on McGulpin Point, 3 mi west of Fort Michilimackinac. [PAR] *The Old Mackinac Point Light, in Mackinaw City, which is open to the public. [PAR] *The Round Island Light on Round Island, which is not open to the public but which can be viewed from the Mackinac Island ferry channel. [PAR] *The St. Helena Island Lighthouse, which is not open to the public but is visible from a rest area on U.S. Highway\xa02 at Gros Cap west of St. Ignace. [PAR] *The Bois Blanc Light, which is not open to the public, on the northern shore of Bois Blanc.[DOC] [TLE] Full text of "Mackinac, formerly Michilimackinac"Full text of "Mackinac, formerly Michilimackinac" [PAR] See other formats [PAR] s rtp hhm»h«h 2 NYPL RESEARCH LIBRARIES la .^Ifjrai,; JUii Jl*-.. Wj f 1 \' J>T<cui/ wV. v \'\'t M 1 3 1 1 Tit j ( .tin, » U 1 \' • . < i .-•\'"• *^ W*** \' 1 ■j [ 3 3433 1 II M m m I 08192226 6 1 SI \'fctKW r^*^-\'wf»f ^\'JiS\'Uti w"£ \'V\'A ?*•! \' ; i?\'* T^^ T ^ ^1 \'.\' i* r LJi i vt^ i fi^rtjt) -i \'\' W I r u if- ^ffWPB\'iUiJl;^ ^i'}, 'question': {'Which US state consists of two separate peninsulas, separated by the Straits of Mackinac, a five-mile (8 km)-wide channel?'}}

['michigan' 'state of michigan' 'mich']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Peritonsillar abscessPeritonsillar abscess (PTA), also known as a quinsy or quinsey, is a recognized complication of tonsillitis and consists of a collection of pus beside the tonsil in what is referred to as peritonsillar space (peri—meaning surrounding). It is a commonly encountered otorhinolaryngological (ENT) emergency. [PAR] Signs and symptoms [PAR] Unlike tonsillitis, which is more common in the pediatric age group, PTA has a more even age spread, from children to adults. Symptoms start appearing two to eight days before the formation of an abscess. A progressively severe sore throat on one side and pain during swallowing (odynophagia) usually are the earliest symptoms. As the abscess develops, persistent pain in the peritonsillar area, fever, a general sense of feeling unwell, headache and a distortion of vowels informally known as "hot potato voice" may appear. Neck pain associated with tender, swollen lymph nodes, referred ear pain and foul breath are also common. While these signs may be present in tonsillitis itself, a PTA should be specifically considered if there is limited ability to open the mouth (trismus). [PAR] Physical signs of a peritonsillar abscess include redness and swelling in the tonsillar area of the affected side and swelling of the jugulodigastric lymph nodes. The uvula may be displaced towards the unaffected side. [PAR] Causes [PAR] PTA usually arises as a complication of an untreated or partially treated episode of acute tonsillitis. The infection, in these cases, spreads to the peritonsillar area (peritonsillitis). This region comprises loose connective tissue and is hence susceptible to formation of an abscess. PTA can also occur de novo. Both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria can be causative. Commonly involved aerobic pathogens include Streptococcus, Staphylococcus and Haemophilus. The most common anaerobic species include Fusobacterium necrophorum, Peptostreptococcus, Prevotella species, and Bacteroides. [PAR] Treatment [PAR] Treatment is surgical incision and drainage of the pus, thereby relieving the pain of the pressed tissues. Antibiotics are also given to treat the infection. Internationally, the infection is frequently penicillin resistant, so it is now common to treat with clindamycin or metronidazole in combination with benzylpenicillin (penicillin G). Treatment can also be given while a patient is under anesthesia, but this is usually reserved for children or anxious patients. Tonsillectomy can be indicated if a patient has recurring peritonsillar abscesses or a history of tonsillitis. For patients with their first peritonsillar abscess most ENT-surgeons prefer to "wait and observe" before recommending tonsillectomy. [PAR] Complications [PAR] * Retropharyngeal abscess [PAR] * Extension of abscess in other deep neck spaces leading to airway compromise; see Ludwig\'s angina [PAR] * Sepsis [PAR] * Glomerulonephritis and rheumatic fever (strep throat chronic complications) [PAR] * Decreased oral intake and dehydration [PAR] Epidemiology [PAR] The incidence of peritonsillar abscess in the United States has been estimated approximately at 30 cases per 100,000 people per year. In a study in Northern Ireland, the incidence was 10 cases per 100,000 people per year. [PAR] In Denmark, the incidence is higher and reaches 41 cases per 100,000 people per year. [PAR] Younger children who develop a peritonsillar abscess are often immunocompromised and in them, the infection can cause significant airway obstruction. [PAR] Etymology [PAR] The condition is often referred to as "quincy", "quinsy", or "quinsey", anglicised versions of the French word esquinancie which was originally rendered as squinsey and subsequently quinsy. [PAR] Notable cases [PAR] * Sultan Tekish of Kwarezm [PAR] * Osceola [PAR] * Michel de Montaigne [PAR] * Pope Adrian IV [PAR] * George Washington was believed to have died of complications arising from quinsy, but is now thought to have died from epiglottitis. [PAR] * James Gregory of the band The Ordinary Boys almost died from quinsy because it was left untreated for so long before emergency treatment was started. [PAR] * Eiichiro Oda, author of the best-selling One Piece manga, was hospitalized due to complications. [PAR] * Ian Maclaren died of complications from quinsy while on a lecture tour of the United States.'}, 'question': {'Quinsy affects which part of the human body?'}}

['tonsil']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] \'JihadJane\' Pleads Not Guilty to Terror Charges | Fox News\'JihadJane\' Pleads Not Guilty to Terror Charges | Fox News [PAR] \'JihadJane\' Pleads Not Guilty to Terror Charges [PAR] Published March 18, 2010 [PAR] Facebook 0 Twitter 0 livefyre Email Print [PAR] Using the internet pseudonyms "JihadJane" and "Fatima Rose," LaRose posted on Islamic internet forums, YouTube and FaceBook in an attempt to befriend and rally like-minded Muslims to her cause. She expressed her desire to advance Islamic holy war and become a shahed, or martyr, for Islam. [PAR] PHILADELPHIA -- The Philadelphia-area woman authorities say dubbed herself " Jihad Jane " online pleaded not guilty Thursday in federal court to a four-count indictment charging her in an overseas terrorist plot. [PAR] Colleen LaRose, 46, of Pennsburg, appeared in court wearing a green jumpsuit and corn rows in her blond hair. A May 3 trial date was set. [PAR] She was accused of conspiring with jihadist fighters and pledging to commit murder in the name of a Muslim holy war. Authorities say she wanted to kill a Swedish artist who had offended Muslims. [PAR] Authorities say she grew acquainted online with violent co-conspirators from around the world. They say she posted a YouTube video in 2008 saying she was "desperate to do something" to ease the suffering of Muslims. [PAR] She was arrested in October 2009 in Philadelphia while returning to the United States . [PAR] LaRose spent most of her life in Texas, where she dropped out of high school, married at 16 and again at 24, and racked up a few minor arrests, records show. [PAR] After a second divorce, she followed a boyfriend to Pennsylvania in about 2004 and began caring for his father while he worked long hours, sometimes on the road. In 2005, she swallowed a handful of pills in a failed suicide attempt, telling police she was upset over the death of her father -- but did not want to die. [PAR] As she moved through her 40s without a job or any outside hobbies, her boyfriend said, she started spending more time online. [PAR] Though her boyfriend, Kurt Gorman, did not consider her religious, and she apparently never joined a mosque, LaRose had by 2008 declared herself "desperate" to help suffering Muslims in the YouTube video. [PAR] "In my view, she sort of slipped sideways into Islam . ... There may have been some seduction into it, by one or more people," said Temple University psychologist Frank Farley. [PAR] LaRose and Gorman shared an apartment with his father in Pennsburg, a quaint if isolated town an hour northwest of Philadelphia. Just days after the father died last August, she stole Gorman\'s passport and fled to Europe without telling him, making good on her online pledge to try to kill in the name of Allah, according to the indictment. [PAR] From June 2008 through her Aug. 23, 2009, departure, the woman who also called herself "Fatima Rose" went online to recruit male fighters for the cause, recruit women with Western passports to marry them, and raise money for the holy war, the indictment charged. [PAR] She had also agreed to marry one of her overseas contacts, a man from South Asia who said he could deal bombs and explosives, according to e-mails recovered by authorities. [PAR] He also told her in a March 2009 e-mail to go to Sweden to find the artist, Lars Vilks. [PAR] "I will make this my goal till i achieve it or die trying," she wrote back, adding that her blonde American looks would help her blend in. [PAR] Vilks questioned the sophistication of the plotters, seven of whom were rounded up in Ireland last week, just before LaRose\'s indictment was unsealed. Still, he said he was glad LaRose never got to him. Although she had written the Swedish embassy in March 2009 to ask how to obtain residency, and joined his online artists group in September, there is no evidence from court documents that she ever made it to Sweden. [PAR] Instead, she was arrested returning to Philadelphia on Oct. 15. [PAR] Advertisement[DOC] [TLE] \'Jihad Jane\' denies terror charges'}, 'question': {'What name was given to Colleen LaRose, who was accused of conspiring with fighters overseas and pledging to commit murder in the name of a Muslim holy war, and pleaded not guilty in court in Philadelphia in March 2010?'}}

['jihad jane']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Curie\'s law - Academic Dictionaries and EncyclopediasCurie\'s law [PAR] Curie\'s law [PAR] the law that the susceptibility of a paramagnetic substance is inversely proportional to its absolute temperature. [PAR] [named after Pierre CURIE] [PAR] Curie-Weiss law [PAR] Look at other dictionaries: [PAR] Curie\'s law — n. [after CURIE Pierre] the law that the ratio of the magnetization of a paramagnetic substance to the magnetizing force is in inverse proportion to the absolute temperature … \xa0 English World dictionary [PAR] Curie\'s law — In a paramagnetic material the magnetization of the material is (approximately) directly proportional to an applied magnetic field. However, if the material is heated, this proportionality is reduced: for a fixed value of the field, the… … \xa0 Wikipedia [PAR] curie\'s law — noun Usage: usually capitalized C Etymology: after P. Curie : a law of magnetism now replaced by the Curie Weiss law: the susceptibility of a paramagnetic substance is inversely proportional to the absolute temperature * * * Physics. the law that … \xa0 Useful english dictionary [PAR] Curie’s law — Kiuri dėsnis statusas T sritis fizika atitikmenys: angl. Curie’s law vok. Curiesches Gesetz, n rus. закон Кюри, m pranc. loi de Curie, f … \xa0 Fizikos terminų žodynas [PAR] Curie\'s law — Cu·rie s law (ku rēzґ) [Pierre Curie, French chemist, physicist, and Nobel prize winner, 1859–1906] see under law … \xa0 Medical dictionary [PAR] Curie\'s law — /ˈkjuriz lɔ/ (say kyoohreez law) noun the law that the magnetic susceptibility of a substance is inversely proportional to the absolute temperature. {named after Pierre Curie} … \xa0 Australian English dictionary [PAR] Curie\'s law — noun a law which shows that the magnetic susceptibility of a paramagnetic dipole is inversely proportional to the absolute temperature; the basis of operation of magnetic thermometers … \xa0 Wiktionary [PAR] Curie\'s law — all substances may be rendered radioactive by the influence of the emanations of radium, and substances thus influenced hold their radioactivity longer when enclosed in some material through which the emanations cannot pass … \xa0 Medical dictionary [PAR] Curie-Weiss law — The Curie Weiss law describes the magnetic susceptibility of a ferromagnet in the paramagnetic region above the Curie point::chi = frac{C}{T T {cwhere:chi is the magnetic susceptibility: C is a material specific Curie constant: T is absolute… … \xa0 Wikipedia [PAR] Curie–Weiss law — The Curie Weiss law describes the magnetic susceptibility χ of a ferromagnet in the paramagnetic region above the Curie point: where C is a material specific Curie constant, T is absolute temperature, measured in kelvins, and Tc is the Curie… … \xa0 Wikipedia [PAR] 16+[DOC] [TLE] Curie paramagnetic temperature - это... Что такое Curie ...Curie paramagnetic temperature - это... Что такое Curie paramagnetic temperature? [PAR] Curie paramagnetic temperature [PAR] curing [PAR] Смотреть что такое "Curie paramagnetic temperature" в других словарях: [PAR] Curie point — n. the temperature at which the magnetic properties of a substance change from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic, usually lower than the substance s melting point: also Curie temperature … \xa0 English World dictionary [PAR] Curie constant — Curie constant, Physics. the result of multiplying the magnetic susceptibility per unit mass of a paramagnetic substance by the absolute temperature. [see etym. under curie (Cf. ↑curie)] … \xa0 Useful english dictionary [PAR] Curie\'s law — n. [after CURIE Pierre] the law that the ratio of the magnetization of a paramagnetic substance to the magnetizing force is in inverse proportion to the absolute temperature … \xa0 English World dictionary [PAR] Curie temperature — In physics and materials science, the Curie temperature (Tc), or Curie point, is the temperature at which a ferromagnetic or a ferrimagnetic material becomes paramagnetic on heating; the effect is reversible. A magnet will lose its magnetism if… … \xa0 Wikipedia [PAR] Curie point — noun the temperature above which a ferromagnetic substance loses its ferromagnetism and becomes paramagnetic • Syn: ↑Curie temperature • Hypernyms: ↑temperature * * * noun or curie temperature Usage: usually capitalized C … \xa0 Useful english dictionary [PAR] Curie point — The Curie point (Tc), or Curie temperature, is a term in physics and materials science, named after Pierre Curie (1859 1906)'}, 'question': {'"Who formulated the ""Law"" that, in a paramagnetic material, the magnetization of the material is (approximately) directly proportional to an applied magnetic field, but if the material is heated, the magnetization is (approximately) inversely proportional to temperature?"'}}

['pierre curie']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Donkey Kong (Video Game) - TV TropesDonkey Kong (Video Game) - TV Tropes [PAR] Donkey Kong [PAR] You need to login to do this. Get Known if you don\'t have an account [PAR] Share [PAR] The ape may get top billing , but we all know who the real star of this game is. note\xa0The screenshot is from the arcade version. [PAR] HOW HIGH CAN YOU GET ?note\xa0HOW HIGH CAN YOU TRY ? in initial revision. [PAR] Classic 1980s arcade game from Nintendo . Introduced both Donkey Kong and Mario as characters. [PAR] While not, as is commonly reported, the very first Platform Game (that honor belongs to Space Panic ), it was the very first to feature actual jumping. Didn\'t scroll at all, but involved a lot of jumping and climbing, and one level had moving platforms. [PAR] The storyline involved Jumpman (soon known as Mario) saving a Lady (later known as Pauline) from Donkey Kong, in an obvious reference to King Kong . Donkey Kong\'s main weapon seemed to be an endless supply of barrels, which Jumpman could, well...jump over. [PAR] The game is more-or-less single-handedly successful for saving the then-fledgling Nintendo of America. After having numerous arcade games tank, the then-president of Nintendo of Japan sent over circuit boards containing Donkey Kong. They installed the game in an old Radar Scope arcade cabinet and set it up at a nearby bar, the Spot Tavern. The first day in, it made $30. The next day, it broke down � too many quarters had caused a short circuit. Soon after that, Nintendo of America was assembling and shipping Donkey Kong machines all over the country, and the company was saved by this single game from Shigeru Miyamoto . [PAR] The Donkey Kong character\'s resemblance to King Kong led to Universal Studios filing suit against Nintendo, claiming trademark infringement. In an ironic twist, Nintendo\'s counsel, John Kirby, countered that Universal had itself argued in a previous case that King Kong\'s scenario and characters were in the public domain and the court agreed. Nintendo thanked Kirby by purchasing him a big sailboat, named Donkey Kong, with exclusive worldwide rights to use the name for sailboats.note\xa0Incidentally, Nintendo later gave rise to another character bearing the name Kirby ; Masahiro Sakurai , his creator, claimed it was a coincidence. [PAR] In another ironic twist, Nintendo itself was found guilty of violating the copyright for the arcade game, and therefore cannot sell the original version of Donkey Kong for its consoles. To summarize, the original arcade game was written by a company named Ikegami Tsushinki on assignment, but the contract did not include ownership rights to the code. When Donkey Kong became a hit, Nintendo tried to make more boards themselves, and got sued for copyright violation as a result. A detailed report is available here. [PAR] The name itself resulted from Miyamoto\'s minimal knowledge of English at the time. He wanted to call the game "Stubborn Gorilla," (another name given, according to the "Mario Mania" player\'s guide, was "Stupid Monkey") to convey that the villain was not acting out of malice or with premeditation. With a pocket-sized Japanese/English dictionary, he latched on to "donkey" (as in the phrase "stubborn as a donkey"), and assumed from King Kong that "kong" meant gorilla. The name did give rise to a number of theories which attempted to explain its origin. One, which appeared on some of the cabinet labels, stated that Jumpman was in fact the title\'s Donkey. Regarding the other two characters: the NoA team named the hero after their then-landlord, Mario Segale, and eventually named the heroine after an employee\'s wife, Polly James. [PAR] The game\'s sequel, Donkey Kong Juniornote\xa0later shortened to Donkey Kong Jr. in the worldwide arcade release and certain home ports, inverted the villain/hero roles; Donkey Kong Jr. had to rescue his father from Mario\'s clutches. The lesser-known Donkey Kong 3 had an exterminator named Stanley trying to chase Donkey'}, 'question': {'"In the original version of the ""Donkey Kong"" computer game, the hero, Mario, attempted to rescue his girlfriend. What was her name?"'}}

['pauline']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Another - definition of another by The Free DictionaryAnother - definition of another by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Another - definition of another by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/another [PAR] 1. One more; an additional: had another cup of coffee. [PAR] 2. Distinctly different from the first: took another route to town. [PAR] 3. Some other: put it off to another day. [PAR] pron. [PAR] 1. An additional one: one encore followed by another. [PAR] 2. A different one: This shirt is too big; I\'ll try another. [PAR] 3. One of an undetermined number or group: for one reason or another. See Usage Note at each other . [PAR] [Middle English on other : on, one; see one + other, other; see other.] [PAR] another [PAR] a. one more; an added: another chance. [PAR] b. (as pronoun): help yourself to another. [PAR] 2. [PAR] a. a different; alternative: another era from ours. [PAR] b. (as pronoun): to try one path, then another. [PAR] 3. [PAR] a. a different example of the same sort: another Beethoven. [PAR] b. (as pronoun): we got rid of one loafer, but I think this new man\'s another. [PAR] 4. (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) another place the other House of Parliament (used in the House of Commons to refer to the House of Lords and vice versa) [PAR] [C14: originally an other] [PAR] (əˈnʌð ər) [PAR] adj. [PAR] 1. being one more or more of the same; further; additional: Please have another piece of cake. [PAR] 2. different; distinct; of a different kind: at another time; another man. [PAR] 3. very similar to; of the same kind or category as: another Martin Luther King, Jr. [PAR] pron. [PAR] 4. one more; an additional one. [PAR] 5. a different one; something different: going from one thing to another. [PAR] 6. one like the first: one copy for her and another for him. [PAR] 7. a person other than oneself or the one specified: He told her he loved another. [PAR] [1175–1225] [PAR] another [PAR] 1. meaning \'one more\' [PAR] Another thing or person means one more thing or person of the same kind. Another is usually followed by a singular countable noun. [PAR] Could I have another cup of coffee? [PAR] He opened another shop last month. [PAR] You can use another with \'few\' or a number in front of a plural countable noun. [PAR] This will take another few minutes. [PAR] The woman lived for another ten days. [PAR] Be Careful! [PAR] Don\'t use \'another\' immediately in front of a plural countable noun or an uncountable noun. Don\'t say, for example, \'Another men came into the room\'. You say \'More men came into the room\'. [PAR] We ought to have more police officers. [PAR] We need more information. [PAR] 2. meaning \'different\' [PAR] Another thing or person also means a different thing or person from the one you have been talking about. [PAR] It all happened in another country. [PAR] He mentioned the work of another colleague. [PAR] Be Careful! [PAR] Don\'t use \'another\' in front of a plural countable noun or an uncountable noun. Don\'t say, for example, \'They arrange things better in another countries\'. You say \'They arrange things better in other countries\'. [PAR] Other people had the same idea. [PAR] We bought toys, paints, books and other equipment. [PAR] 3. used as a pronoun [PAR] Another is sometimes a pronoun. [PAR] I saw one girl whispering to another. [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] Adj. [PAR] 1. [PAR] some other [PAR] other - not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; "today isn\'t any other day"- the White Queen; "the construction of highways and other public works"; "he asked for other employment"; "any other person would tell the truth"; "his other books'}, 'question': {'What is another name for a Lexicon?'}}

['dictionary']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Shaftesbury Theatre - Motown the Musical ticketsShaftesbury Theatre - Motown the Musical tickets [PAR] Shaftesbury Theatre [PAR] 210 Shaftesbury Avenue, London, WC2H 8DP [PAR] What’s On [PAR] (20 Jan 2017 to 28 Oct 2017) [PAR] Broadway sensation Motown the Musical\xa0has come to the West End.\xa0This electrifying Juke box musical... [PAR] Buy tickets [PAR] Location [PAR] The Shaftesbury Theatre is predictably located on Shaftesbury Avenue, one of the busiest and most theatrical roads in the capital. As well as being the home of other theatres including the Apollo and Lyric, Shaftesbury Avenue boasts a plethora of interesting and affordable restaurants and bars and is within close proximity of the bright lights of Leicester Square. Covent Garden is a mere 400m away if you fancy taking a stroll around the market or neighbouring shops, and both Soho and Chinatown are within walking distance for cheap and diverse international cuisine. [PAR] Getting there [PAR] By Tube: The nearest station to the Shaftesbury Theatre is Holborn on the Piccadilly and Central lines.By bus: Numbers 8, 10, 14, 19, 22A, 22B, 24, 25, 29, 38, 40, 55, 73, 134 and 176 all stop near the theatre.By taxi or car: Hailing a taxi shouldn’t be a problem in such a busy area of town, although you might have to venture a little further out than Shaftesbury Avenue itself which can be very crowded. The nearest car park is the MasterPark at Chinatown or the NCP on Museum Street. [PAR] Shaftesbury Theatre [PAR] 210 Shaftesbury Avenue, , WC2H 8DP [PAR] Seating [PAR] The Shaftesbury Theatre is a large West End venue seating around 1400 people across 3 large levels. The Stalls section is divided into a front and back half by a large central aisle, with the rear section divided further into three blocks. The section is wide and deep and it can often feel a little overwhelming. Seats in the rear half of the auditorium feel distant from the action, especially as rows grow longer towards the back and seats begin to fall outside the proscenium. The better seats are at the front of the rear section or towards the back of the front section, as these give the best panoramic view of the stage. [PAR] The Royal Circle is wide and steep with a heavy rake allowing good views from all rows. The section is divided into two blocks either side of a wide central aisle which curve around the shape of the balcony. The overhang from the level above begins to affect the view of those towards the rear, chopping off the top section of the stage. Towards the back you can feel quite far away, but views towards the front are excellent. [PAR] The Grand Circle is divided into three smaller sections and sits high above the theatre, 60 steps above street level and 82 above the Stalls. You can feel very far from the stage, but views from the front seats provide good value for money. There is a safety bar that runs along the edge of the balcony which can restrict the view for smaller patrons. [PAR] Accessibility [PAR] The Shaftesbury Theatre has seating that is spread across 3 levels: the Stalls, Royal Circle and Grand Circle. There is level access from the street into the main foyer, from where the Royal Circle can be accessed without climbing any steps. From the foyer there are 22 steps down to the Stalls and 34 steps up to the Grand Circle. There are concessions available on tickets for all disabled patrons and their carers. [PAR] There are 2 spaces for wheelchair users in Boxes 1 and 2 of the Royal Circle, with room for a companion to sit alongside them. Transfer seating is available elsewhere in the Royal Circle, although the Stalls and Grand Circle are inaccessible to those with wheelchairs or scooters. Power Chair users will not be able to enter the auditorium, and will instead have to transfer to a standard wheelchair. There is an adapted toilet to the right of the Royal Circle boxes. The bar is located just above main foyer and is 4 steps up from the foyer area, but can be accessed by re-entering the building through a different door if necessary. However for convenience, guests can be brought drinks in their seats.'}, 'question': {"London's Shaftesbury Avenue is known for what type of establishment?"}}

['theatre' 'theatres']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Second Battle of El Alamein | World History ProjectSecond Battle of El Alamein | World History Project [PAR] Oct 23 1942 to Nov 5 1942 [PAR] Second Battle of El Alamein [PAR] The Second Battle of El Alamein marked a major turning point in the Western Desert Campaign of World War II. The battle lasted from 23 October to 5 November 1942. [PAR] The First Battle of El Alamein had stalled the Axis advance. Thereafter, Lieutenant-General Bernard Montgomery took command of the British Eighth Army from General Claude Auchinleck in August 1942. [PAR] The Allied victory turned the tide in the North African Campaign. It ended Axis hopes of occupying Egypt, taking control of the Suez Canal, and gaining access to the Middle Eastern oil fields. [PAR] Source: Wikipedia Added by: Rob Brent [PAR] The Battle of El Alamein, from 23 October to 5 November 1942, was one of the largest battles involving the western allies in the whole of the war with Germany. El Alamein was part of the series of battles that saw the British Commonwealth forces advancing and retreating across the coastal plain and desert hinterland of North Africa from 1940 to 1943. The prize for the Axis (German and Italian forces under the command of the German general, Erwin Rommel) was Egypt and the Suez Canal. The destruction of the Axis forces in the Theatre was the focus of Allied operations. El Alamein was, in effect the closest the Axis came to achieving their goal. Once that battle was over, the Axis forces were in continual retreat until finally destroyed, in Tunisia on 11 May 1943, by the westward advancing 8th Army and the Allied Forces coming east from the Torch Landings.[DOC] [TLE] Battle of El Alamein | World War 2 FactsBattle of El Alamein | World War 2 Facts [PAR] Battle of El Alamein [PAR] Mack Dean 10450 views [PAR] El Alamein 1942: British tanks move up to the battle to engage the German armour after the infantry had cleared gaps in the enemy minefield. [PAR] The Battle of El Alamein (second battle), was one of the most decisive victories in WWII. It was fought between two of the best commanders in World War II, Montgomery for the Allies and Rommel for the Axis between 23 October – 4 November 1942\xa0. The victory of the Allies at El Alamein lead to the surrender of the German forces in North Africa in 1943. [PAR] Contents [PAR] 9 Battle of El Alamein Conclusions [PAR] First Battle of El Alamein [PAR] The first Battle of El Alamein occurred between July 1-27, 1942. It was part of the Western Desert Campaign of World War 2 was fought between the British Eighth Army led by General Claude Auchinleck and the Axis forces consisting of German and Italian units of Panzerarmee Afrika (Panzer Army Africa) led by Field Marshal Erwin Rommel. The battle would result in a tactical stalemate but strategic Allied victory in that it halted the final advance by the Axis powers into El Alamein, Egypt. This battle would set the stage for the 2nd and more decisive Battle of El Alamein. [PAR] Battle of El Alamein Commanders [PAR] Allies [PAR] Harold Alexander (UK) [PAR] El Alamein 1942: British tanks move up to the battle to engage the German armour after the infantry had cleared gaps in the enemy minefield. [PAR] Bernard Montgomery (UK) [PAR] El Alamein Order of Battle [PAR] Allies [PAR] 730 – 750 aircraft (530 serviceable) [PAR] 892 – 908 artillery pieces [PAR] 770 – 900 aircraft (480 serviceable) [PAR] 552 artillery pieces [PAR] 496 Anti Tank Guns – 1,063 [PAR] Battle of El Alamein Casualties [PAR] Allies [PAR] Battle of El Alamein Map (Attack) [PAR] Second Battle of El Alamein, The Allied Forces attack: 10pm- October 23rd, 1942 [PAR] Battle of El Alamein Map (Break Through) [PAR] Second Battle of El Alamein: 9th Australian, 2nd New Zealand, 1st Armoured, 7th Armoured and 10th Armoured attack: 7am November 4th, 1942. 1st Armoured and 10th Armoured break through and drive towards the coast. 2nd New Zealand Division moves toward Fuka destroying the remnants of Bologna and Trento Divisions on its way. 7th Armoured Divisions encircles Ariete Division, which is destroyed. Axis forces flee. [PAR] Battle of El Alamein Video [PAR] Battle of El Alamein Summary [PAR] El'}, 'question': {'Who directed the allied forces at the second Battle of El Alamein?'}}

['montgomery']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Narcolepsy And You: This Is What It's Really Like To Have ...Narcolepsy And You: This Is What It's Really Like To Have Narcolepsy [PAR] Narcolepsy And You: This Is What It's Really Like To Have Narcolepsy [PAR] Feb 26, 2014 05:26 PM By Susan Scutti [PAR] Close [PAR] E-mail [PAR] A nondescript man lost in his forties, Dee Daud has a visible bruise on his right cheek and a scar on his forearm. His greying hair is closely cropped, accentuating not only a British smile, but also a nose that has been broken more than once. His voice is monotone, the hollow tone of someone hoping to avoid emotion. Each time he laughs, his neck goes slack and he nods off almost immediately afterward.\xa0How does Daud account for all these bewildering characteristics? Simple. He has narcolepsy. \xa0 [PAR] Described as a sleep disorder, a medical disorder, a neurological disorder, and, most recently, an autoimmune disorder, all and none of those labels precisely convey what it means to have poor control over your sleep-wake cycles. People with narcolepsy experience “ sleep attacks ,” or sudden, irresistible temptations to sleep that can strike at any time and may last a few seconds or several minutes. At the same time, they often cannot sleep at night, while feeling extremely sleepy throughout the day.\xa0 Symptoms also include sleep paralysis, hallucinations, and cataplexy, which affect about 70 percent of all people with narcolepsy. Cataplexy is unique to narcolepsy — no other disease causes this sudden weakness of the muscles, especially in the legs but also in the face and neck, that is usually brought on by strong emotion, laughter in particular. [PAR] Firsthand Accounts [PAR] Most people begin to develop symptoms of this incurable disorder somewhere between the ages of 10 and 20, though it can appear later in life, though most commonly it will become evident before the age of 40. The condition occurs more frequently in men than in women. Sadly, the average time between the date symptoms first appear and a medical diagnosis is 10 years\xa0and in that time, people who suffer narcolepsy are often seen by others as unusual, lazy, or simply crazy. Since many people experience their first symptoms while still in their teens, they are particularly vulnerable to feeling isolated, depressed, and hopeless. [PAR] People with narcolepsy experience “sleep attacks,” or sudden, irresistible temptations to sleep that can strike at any time and may last a few seconds or several minutes: But what's it like to suffer from this neurological disorder? Photo courtesy of Shutterstock . [PAR] “Up until then, I had been an honors student and on the JV softball team, as well as taking part in tons of other after school activities,” Amanda Vasas wrote in a first person account of her disorder. Once her symptoms began, all that changed. “My life was in shambles. My mother was a complete wreck and wouldn’t let me out of her sight, or even out of the house, out of fear that I would inevitably come crashing down to my doom [...] Since I could never go out, my friends stopped talking to me.” [PAR] The picture Vasas paints is vivid and bleak. Because people with severe cases of narcolepsy may fall asleep anywhere, anytime, they live a life of great danger. This lifelong disorder, then, is managed with difficulty while the risks of becoming unemployable or a social outcast mount. Joyce Scannell , who was haunted by hallucinations in early childhood, always knew something was wrong but wasn’t diagnosed until she was a divorced mother of three and well into her adult years. Although the diagnosis helped explain her sleep attacks and other symptoms, she did not immediately find relief in medication — she says she “spent a decade trying different medicines and therapies” — and little could be done about her employment prospects. [PAR] “I had wanted to be an elementary school librarian, but realized I needed a job with more flexibility so I could fit in my naps and work on my own sleep schedule,” another narcoleptic, Tesa Schmidt , wrote. “I cannot have"}, 'question': {'If someone is narcoleptic, what do they tend to do?'}}

['fall asleep']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Dick Turpin - Highwaymen and Highway RobberyDick Turpin - Highwaymen and Highway Robbery [PAR] Dick Turpin [PAR] "The Spurious Highwayman" [PAR] Dick Turpin is probably the most famous highwayman of all. Mention the name to most people, and they will tell you he was a daring and dashing highwayman who famously rode from London to York on his faithful mare, Black Bess, in less than 24 hours. However, the popular Turpin legend contains not a grain of truth. In reality, Turpin\'s fictitious great ride was made by 17th-century highwayman John \'Swift Nick\' Nevison , who early one morning in 1676 robbed a homeward-bound sailor on the road outside Gads Hill, Kent. Deciding he needed to establish an alibi, Nevison set off on a ride that took him more than 190 miles in about 15 hours. In addition, it was only at the very end of his life, while waiting to be hanged at York racecourse, that Turpin exhibited any of the swaggering nonchalance, heroism, or derring-do usually attributed to him. Prior to that, both his existence and his criminal ventures had been squalid, to say the least.� [PAR] The Essex Gang [PAR] Dick Turpin was born in 1706 in rural Essex, the son of John Turpin, a small farmer and some-time keeper of the Crown Inn. Some biographers say he was born in Thackstead, others name Hempstead. Young Dick probably served an apprenticeship with a butcher in Whitechapel- in those days, a village on the fringes of the capital. During his apprenticeship he "conducted himself in a loose and disorderly manner." When his apprenticeship was over, he opened a butcher shop, and began to steal sheep, lamb and cattle. Caught in the act of stealing two oxen, he fled into the depths of the Essex countryside to save himself. After resurfacing, he tried his hand at smuggling, but proved as inept at this venture as he had at cattle rustling. Before long customs agents compelled Turpin and his gang to lay low. Many people think of Dick Turpin as a lone highwayman, however for the majority of his criminal career he was a member of the Essex Gang (also known as the Gregory Gang). Members of Turpin\'s gang are known to have included: Thomas Barnfield, Mary Brazier, John Fielder, Jasper Gregory, Jeremy Gregory, Samual Gregory, Herbert Haines, John Jones, James Parkinson, Joseph Rose, Thomas Rowden, Ned Rust, William Saunders, Richard Turpin, Humphry Walker, and John Wheeler. There may have been other members who were either not identified or who were only occasional associates of the Gang.� [PAR] Turpin and his gang invaded isolated farmhouses, terrorizing and torturing the female occupants into giving up their valuables. A typical attack took place at Loughton, in Essex, where Turpin heard of an old widow woman rumoured to keep at least �700 in the house. When the woman gamely resisted all of Turpin\'s efforts to discover the money\'s hiding place, he hoisted her into the open fire until she gave up her treasure. Robbing remote farmhouses was the Gang\'s speciality, and it was only towards the end of his criminal career that Turpin was actually involved in highway robbery. [PAR] Flushed with success-and money-Turpin and his mates proceeded to rob their way around the Home Counties, frequently employing torture as a weapon of persuasion. By 1735, the London Evening Post regularly reported the exploits of Turpin and \'The Essex Gang\' and the King had offered a reward of �50 for their capture. Eventually, local constables captured two of the gang, Turpin himself narrowly missing capture by bursting out a window.� [PAR] Epping Forest [PAR] Turpin headed back into the familiar East Anglian countryside and lived rough for some time., until he began working with \'Captain\' Tom King, one of the best-known highwaymen of the day and the kind of swashbuckling, devil-may-care character into which legend would later transform Turpin. From a cave in Epping Forest from which they could watch the road without being seen, they robbed virtually anyone who passed their hiding place. Even local peddlers started to carry weapons for protection. By 1737, Turpin'}, 'question': {'Dick Turpin was famous as what sort of criminal?'}}

['highwaymen' 'highwayman' 'highway robbery']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] What is another word for wildebeest? - wordhippo.comWhat is another word for wildebeest? [PAR] What is another word for wildebeest? [PAR] No words found.[DOC] [TLE] Wildebeest | Definition, meaning & more | Collins Dictionarywildebeest | Definition, meaning & more | Collins Dictionary [PAR] Definitions [PAR] countable noun [PAR] A wildebeest is a large African antelope which has a hairy tail , short curved horns , and long hair under its neck . Wildebeest usually live in large groups. [PAR] COBUILD Advanced English Dictionary. Copyright © HarperCollins Publishers [PAR] wildebeest (ˈwɪldɪˌbiːst , ˈvɪl-) [PAR] noun plural -beests or -beest [PAR] another name for gnu[DOC] [TLE] Wildebeest - definition of wildebeest by The Free DictionaryWildebeest - definition of wildebeest by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Wildebeest - definition of wildebeest by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/wildebeest [PAR] [Obsolete Afrikaans : Middle Dutch wild, wild + Middle Dutch beeste, beast (from Old French beste; see beast).] [PAR] wildebeest [PAR] n, pl -beests or -beest [PAR] (Animals) another name for gnu [PAR] [C19: from Afrikaans, literally: wild beast] [PAR] gnu [PAR] (nu, nyu) [PAR] n., pl. gnus, (esp. collectively) gnu. [PAR] either of two stocky, oxlike African antelopes, the silvery gray Connochaetestaurinus or the black C. gnou. [PAR] [1770–80; Khoikhoi, first recorded as t\'gnu] [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] Noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] wildebeest - large African antelope having a head with horns like an ox and a long tufted tail [PAR] Connochaetes , genus Connochaetes - African antelopes: gnus [PAR] Translations [PAR] [ˈwɪldɪbiːst] N (wildebeests or wildebeest (pl)) → ñu m [PAR] wildebeest [PAR] wildebeest [PAR] [ˈwɪldɪˌbiːst] n → gnu m inv [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster\'s page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] Rugby Union: Bridgend Bull-fight [PAR] Schaller describes the takin as having the bulky, humped body of a bear, the sloping hindquarters of a hyena, the legs of a cow, the tail of a goat, the horns of a wildebeest and the face of a moose with mumps. [PAR] Observations on a legend: takin in the wild [PAR] The extension applies to the giraffe, wildebeest, sable and zebra for a total of 14 out of more than 300 animals that still need to be transported to safety in Camp Verde by June 30 or risk confiscation.[DOC] [TLE] Wildebeest | Define Wildebeest at Dictionary.comWildebeest | Define Wildebeest at Dictionary.com [PAR] wildebeest [PAR] [wil-duh-beest, vil-] /ˈwɪl dəˌbist, ˈvɪl-/ [PAR] Spell [PAR] noun, plural wildebeests (especially collectively) wildebeest. [PAR] 1. [PAR] 1830-40; < Afrikaans wildebees < Dutch wildebeest, equivalent to wild wild + beest beast [PAR] Dictionary.com Unabridged [PAR] Examples from the Web for wildebeest [PAR] Expand [PAR] Contemporary Examples [PAR] A column of wildebeest cantered rigidly in the other direction—all spindly legs, candyfloss white beards, and sloping backs. [PAR] In Africa John T. McCutcheon [PAR] If I leaped down, the wildebeest would kill me to a certainty. [PAR] The Bush Boys Captain Mayne Reid [PAR] What could there be in my wiping my face to provoke the wildebeest anew? [PAR] The Bush Boys Captain Mayne Reid [PAR] Hence their trivial names of “blauw” wildebeest and “brindled” gnoo. [PAR] In Africa John T. McCutcheon [PAR] For the last half-hour I was too busy watching the manœuvres of the wildebeest bull, to take my gaze off him for a moment. [PAR] British Dictionary definitions for wildebeest [PAR] Expand [PAR] C19: from Afrikaans, literally: wild beast [PAR] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [PAR] © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins [PAR] Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 [PAR] Word Origin and History for wildebeest [PAR] Expand [PAR] n. [PAR] 1838, from S. African Dutch (in modern Afrikaans wildebees, plural wildebeeste), literally "wild beast," from Dutch wild "wild" (see wild (adj.)) + beest "beast, ox" (in S.African Dutch "steer, cattle")'}, 'question': {'What is another name for a wildebeest?'}}

['wildebeest' 'wildebeeste' 'wildebeests']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] FermentationFermentation is a metabolic process that converts sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol. It occurs in yeast and bacteria, and also in oxygen-starved muscle cells, as in the case of lactic acid fermentation. Fermentation is also used more broadly to refer to the bulk growth of microorganisms on a growth medium, often with the goal of producing a specific chemical product. French microbiologist Louis Pasteur is often remembered for his insights into fermentation and its microbial causes. The science of fermentation is known as zymology. [PAR] Fermentation takes place when the electron transport chain is unusable (often due to lack of a final electron receptor, such as oxygen), and becomes the cell’s primary means of ATP (energy) production. It turns NADH and pyruvate produced in glycolysis into NAD+ and an organic molecule (which varies depending on the type of fermentation; see examples below). In the presence of O2, NADH and pyruvate are used to generate ATP in respiration. This is called oxidative phosphorylation, and it generates much more ATP than glycolysis alone. For that reason, cells generally benefit from avoiding fermentation when oxygen is available, the exception being obligate anaerobes which cannot tolerate oxygen. [PAR] The first step, glycolysis, is common to all fermentation pathways: [PAR] :C6H12O6 + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi → 2 CH3COCOO− + 2 NADH + 2 ATP + 2 H2O + 2H+ [PAR] Pyruvate is CH3COCOO−. Pi is inorganic phosphate. Two ADP molecules and two Pi are converted to two ATP and two water molecules via substrate-level phosphorylation. Two molecules of NAD+ are also reduced to NADH. [PAR] In oxidative phosphorylation the energy for ATP formation is derived from an electrochemical proton gradient generated across the inner mitochondrial membrane (or, in the case of bacteria, the plasma membrane) via the electron transport chain. Glycolysis has substrate-level phosphorylation (ATP generated directly at the point of reaction). [PAR] Humans have used fermentation to produce food and beverages since the Neolithic age. For example, fermentation is used for preservation in a process that produces lactic acid as found in such sour foods as pickled cucumbers, kimchi and yogurt (see fermentation in food processing), as well as for producing alcoholic beverages such as wine (see fermentation in winemaking) and beer. Fermentation can even occur within the stomachs of animals, such as humans. [PAR] Definitions [PAR] To many people, fermentation simply means the production of alcohol: grains and fruits are fermented to produce beer and wine. If a food soured, one might say it was 'off' or fermented. Here are some definitions of fermentation. They range from informal, general usage to more scientific definitions. [PAR] # Preservation methods for food via microorganisms (general use). [PAR] # Any process that produces alcoholic beverages or acidic dairy products (general use). [PAR] # Any large-scale microbial process occurring with or without air (common definition used in industry). [PAR] # Any energy-releasing metabolic process that takes place only under anaerobic conditions (becoming more scientific). [PAR] # Any metabolic process that releases energy from a sugar or other organic molecules, does not require oxygen or an electron transport system, and uses an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor (most scientific). [PAR] Examples [PAR] Fermentation does not necessarily have to be carried out in an anaerobic environment. For example, even in the presence of abundant oxygen, yeast cells greatly prefer fermentation to aerobic respiration, as long as sugars are readily available for consumption (a phenomenon known as the Crabtree effect). [PAR] The antibiotic activity of hops also inhibits aerobic metabolism in yeast . [PAR] Fermentation reacts NADH with an endogenous, organic electron acceptor. Usually this is pyruvate formed from the sugar during the glycolysis step. During fermentation, pyruvate is metabolized to various compounds through several processes: [PAR] *ethanol fermentation, aka alcoholic fermentation, is the production of ethanol and carbon dioxide [PAR] *lactic acid fermentation refers to two means of producing lactic acid: [PAR] #homolactic fermentation is the production of lactic acid exclusively [PAR] #heterolactic fermentation is the production of lactic acid as well as other acids and alcohols. [PAR] Sugars are the most common substrate"}, 'question': {'What is the name for someone who engages in the scientific study of fermentation?'}}

['zymology']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Boxing Helena | HorroticaBoxing Helena | Horrotica [PAR] Boxing Helena [PAR] Posted in: 1990s , arthouse horror , erotic horror . Tagged: amputee , Boxing Helena , controversy , David Lynch , erotic , fetish , Hated By Critics , Jennifer Lynch , Julian Sands , Kim Basinger , Lawsuit , Madonna , sherilyn fenn . 1 Comment [PAR] Boxing Helena is a 1993 film and the debut feature film by Jennifer Chambers Lynch , daughter of David Lynch . The film stars Julian Sands and Sherilyn Fenn as the eponymous Helena. [PAR] Nick Cavanaugh ( Julian Sands ) is a lonely Atlanta surgeon obsessed with a woman named Helena ( Sherilyn Fenn ). After she is injured in a grievous hit-and-run motor vehicle accident in front of his home, he kidnaps and treats her in his house surreptitiously, amputating both of her legs. Later, he amputates her healthy arms as well. [PAR] Though Helena is the victim of Nick’s kidnapping and mutilation, she dominates the dialogue with her constant ridiculing of him for all of his shortcomings. [PAR] After some time living together she becomes lonely and returns his affection. [PAR] Cast: [PAR] Kim Lentz as Nurse Diane [PAR] Lloyd T. Williams as Sam the Clerk [PAR] A legal battle ensued when first Madonna , then Kim Basinger backed out of the title role—eventually Basinger was the subject of an adverse jury verdict for over $8.1 million dollars. This caused Basinger to enter bankruptcy. The verdict was then set aside on appeal in 1994, but the actress later settled for $3.8 million. Few sensible people objected to either actress being replaced by Twin Peaks star Fenn (Madonna in paticular would’ve ben a spectacular case of miscasting). [PAR] The film was nominated for the Grand Jury Prize at the 1993 Sundance Film Festival . However, the media predictably critically mauled it on its release, the controversial theme and negative publicity surrounding the Basinger case ensuring that conservative critics and bandwagon jumpers had already made their minds up about the movie before seeing it. Boxing Helena won Worst Director for Jennifer Lynch at the Golden Raspberry Awards , a genuinely horrible event that as often ridicules innovation as it does bad films, in 1994. Winning that award should be seen as a badge of honour. [PAR] “As it turns out, Ms. Lynch has both talent and a point. Her film is by no means the gory, exploitative quasi-pornography that it sounds like from afar. Presented instead as a macabre modern fairy tale, and staged in unexpectedly discreet style (under the circumstances), her “Boxing Helena” is at least as hypnotically peculiar as it is perverse. Kinky? Very definitely, since the film’s emphasis is on erotic fascination and not on disfigurement. Contemptuous of women? Well, no. Even without her arms, the cruel, beautiful Helena manages to hold all the cards.” New York Times [PAR] “Paganism; 13 obscenities & 3 profanities; extensive frontal female & some rear male nudity; vivid & prolonged scenes of fondling, intercourse & oral sex; very brief glimpse of woman’s legs run over by truck; and, one character severely beaten.” Movieguide Christian Movie Reviews[DOC] [TLE] Boxing Helena – HORRORPEDIABoxing Helena (1993) – HORRORPEDIA [PAR] Boxing Helena is a 1993 American film and the debut feature by Jennifer Chambers Lynch\xa0( XX ), daughter of David Lynch (Twin Peaks; The Elephant Man; Eraserhead). It\xa0stars Julian Sands and Sherilyn Fenn as the eponymous Helena. [PAR] Plot: [PAR] Nick Cavanaugh (Julian Sands) is a lonely Atlanta surgeon obsessed with a woman named Helena (Sherilyn Fenn). After she is injured in a grievous hit-and-run motor vehicle accident in front of his home, he kidnaps and treats her in his house surreptitiously, amputating both of her legs. Later, he amputates her healthy arms as well. [PAR] Though Helena is the victim of Nick’s kidnapping and mutilation, she dominates the dialogue with her constant ridiculing of him for all of his shortcomings. [PAR] After some time living together she becomes lonely and returns his affection. [PAR] Buy DVD from Amazon.com [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] A legal battle ensued when first Madonna, then Kim Basinger backed out of the title'}, 'question': {'"Which film was notable for the legal battle that ensued when first Madonna then Kim Basinger backed out of the title role, and for winning a ""Worst Director"" award for David Lynch at the Golden Raspberry Awards?"'}}

['boxing helena']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Sydney Harbour and Circular Quay – Tourism AustraliaGuide to Sydney Harbour - Tourism Australia [PAR] Guide to Sydney Harbour [PAR] Guide to Sydney Harbour [PAR] It's easy to see why Sydney Harbour is regarded as one of the most beautiful natural harbours in the world. [PAR] Site Requires Javascript - turn on javascript! [PAR] Australia.com does not support the internet browser you are using. Please upgrade to a more recent browser so that you can explore the destinations and experiences that await you as you plan your Australian holiday. [PAR] Welcome to the official Australian tourism website. This site uses cookies. Find out more . [PAR] \xa0It's easy to see why Sydney Harbour is regarded as one of the most beautiful natural harbours in the world. [PAR] By Ellie Schneider [PAR] Sydney Harbour is an aquatic playground for Sydneysiders, with more than 240 kilometres (150 miles) of shoreline, punctuated by unspoiled beaches, picturesque gardens and pockets of natural bush. It is also home to some of Australia's big-name attractions, including the Sydney Opera House and Sydney Harbour Bridge. Read on and explore. [PAR] HOW TO GET THERE [PAR] International flights fly directly into Sydney Airport from many global hubs. From the airport it’s an easy 30 minute taxi or train ride to Circular Quay, the main ferry terminal in Sydney. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] See the landmarks from the ground and above\xa0 [PAR] Take a dip or try water sports at glistening beaches [PAR] Picnic on a historic harbour island [PAR] Sydney Harbour highlights [PAR] TOP THINGS TO DO AROUND SYDNEY HARBOUR [PAR] Start your day at Circular Quay [PAR] Circular Quay is a great base for exploring Sydney Harbour. Ferries depart from Circular Quay throughout the day to different parts of the harbour, connecting the city with Sydney's waterside suburbs. Circular Quay is also the major transport hub for water taxis, harbour cruises, buses, trains and taxis. Sydney's\xa0 Museum of Contemporary Art \xa0and historic\xa0 Customs House \xa0are located on one side of Circular Quay. The\xa0 Sydney Opera House \xa0and\xa0 Royal Botanic Gardens \xa0are on the other. Expect postcard views at every turn. [PAR] Take in the harbour from above [PAR] Climb to the summit of the Sydney Harbour Bridge on a\xa0 BridgeClimb \xa0for unforgettable panoramic views. You'll be guided high into the bridge's arches, ascending 134 metres (440 feet) above sea level. If you'd prefer to keep your feet on the ground, it’s free for visitors to cross the bridge along the pedestrian walkway. Enjoy a bird's-eye view of Sydney Harbour on a\xa0 scenic flight \xa0over the beaches and city skyline. Flights depart from Rose Bay and can be combined with lunch at exquisite waterfront restaurants or a prepared picnic hamper to be enjoyed on a secluded beach. [PAR] Swim at pristine beaches [PAR] Sydney's idyllic harbour beaches are some of the most beautiful in the city. Harbour beaches are generally calmer than the ocean beaches, with gentle, bobbing waves, making them popular among families. Take a dip in the turquoise waters of Camp Cove, and then walk around to Watsons Bay, where you can tuck into fish and chips on the grass. Find a secluded patch of sand on the 1.8 kilometre (1.1 mile)\xa0 Hermitage Foreshore track , which twists along the eastern coastline, through Milk Beach and Nielsen Park. Or try out some of the harbour's water sports, such as\xa0 stand-up paddleboarding \xa0at Balmoral Beach.\xa0 Hire kayaks \xa0at the Spit Bridge to explore Middle Harbour. [PAR] Go island hopping [PAR] Discover the colourful history of Sydney Harbour's islands: Fort Denison, Shark, Clark, Rodd, Goat and Cockatoo. You can reach the islands on a short ferry ride from Circular Quay, and once you arrive, you'll be rewarded with 360-degree views. Pack a picnic and head for Shark Island, a little slice of paradise with palm trees, picnic tables and a sandy beach. The World Heritage-listed\xa0 Cockatoo Island \xa0was off-limits to the public for more than 100 years, but today offers guided tours, a cutting-edge arts program and the option to camp overnight in one of its luxury safari tents. [PAR] See the"}, 'question': {'What is the name of Sydney Harbour, NSW, Australia?'}}

['sydney harbour' 'port jackson']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Alistair Cooke, English-American Reporter and Later TV ...Midtown Blogger/Manhattan Valley Follies: Alistair Cooke, English-American Reporter and Later TV personality and author- wikipedia [PAR] Alistair Cooke, English-American Reporter and Later TV personality and author- wikipedia [PAR] Alistair Cooke [PAR] For the peer, see Alistair Cooke, Baron Lexden . For the English cricketer, see Alastair Cook . [PAR] Alistair Cooke [PAR] 30 March 2004 (aged\xa095) [PAR] New York City, [PAR] Children [PAR] John Byrne Cooke (by Ruth Emerson), Susan Byrne Cooke (by Jane White Hawkes) [PAR] Alistair Cooke KBE (20 November 1908\xa0– 30 March 2004) was a British journalist, television personality and broadcaster. [1] Outside his journalistic output, which included Letter from America and Alistair Cooke's America , he was well known in the United States as the host of PBS Masterpiece Theatre from 1971 to 1992. After holding the job for 22 years, and having worked in television for 42 years, Cooke retired in 1992, although he continued to present Letter from America until shortly before his death. He was the father of author and folk singer John Byrne Cooke . [PAR] Contents [PAR] 13 External links [PAR] Early life [PAR] Cooke was born in Salford , Lancashire , England. His father was a lay Methodist preacher and metalsmith by trade; his mother's family were of Irish Protestant origin. [2] Originally named Alfred, he changed his name to Alistair when he was 22. He was educated at Blackpool Grammar School , Blackpool and won a scholarship to Jesus College, Cambridge , where he gained an honours degree (2:1) in English. He was heavily involved in the arts, was editor of Granta , and set up the Mummers, Cambridge's first theatre group open to both sexes, from which he notably rejected a young James Mason , telling him to stick to architecture. [3] [PAR] Cooke became engaged to Henrietta Riddle, the daughter of Henry Ainley . While he was attending Yale University and Harvard University on a Commonwealth fund fellowship , she deserted him. He met Ruth Emerson, a great-grandniece of Ralph Waldo Emerson , in 1933, and they married on 24 August 1934. [4] Their son, John Byrne Cooke , was born 5 October 1940 in New York City, New York. [PAR] Alistair Cooke divorced Ruth in 1944, and married Jane White Hawkes , a portrait painter and the widow of neurologist A. Whitfield Hawkes, [5] the son of Albert W. Hawkes , on 30 April 1946. Their daughter, Susan, was born on 22 March 1949. [6] [PAR] Media beginnings [PAR] Cooke saw a newspaper headline that Oliver Baldwin , the Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin's son, had been sacked by the BBC as film critic. Cooke sent a telegram to the Director of Talks, asking if he would be considered for the post. He was invited for interview and took a Cunard liner back to Britain, arriving twenty four hours late for his interview. He suggested typing out a film review on the spot, and a few minutes later, he was offered the job. He also sat on a BBC committee headed by George Bernard Shaw for correct pronunciation . [PAR] Cooke was also London correspondent for NBC . Each week, he recorded a 15-minute talk for American listeners on life in Britain, under the series title of London Letter. In 1936, he intensively reported on the Edward VIII abdication crisis for NBC. He made several talks on the topic each day to listeners in many parts of the United States. He calculated that in ten days he spoke 400,000 words on the subject. During the crisis, he was aided by a twenty-year-old Rhodes Scholar , Walt Rostow , who would become Lyndon B. Johnson 's national security advisor. [7] [PAR] Move to the United States [PAR] In 1937, Cooke moved to the United States, starting what was to become a permanent emigration. He became a United States citizen and swore the Oath of Allegiance on 1 December 1941, six days before Pearl Harbor was attacked. Shortly after emigrating, Cooke suggested to the BBC the"}, 'question': {'"The longest-running speech radio show in the world (58 years) that was discontinued in March 2004, was Alistair Cooke\'s ""Letter from ..."" where?"'}}

['america' 'us']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] What is a Snood? - About.com StyleWhat is a Snood? [PAR] What is a Snood? [PAR] By Bridgette Raes [PAR] Updated August 08, 2016. [PAR] As if there aren\'t enough scarf options out there this winter,\xa0like\xa0 blanket and\xa0infinity scarves, there is another scarf style trending that you probably have heard of. It\'s called a snood. What is a snood, you ask, and\xa0why should you consider owning one this winter? Learn everything you need to know about the snood here. [PAR] Photo: Courtesy of Etsy.com [PAR] What is a Snood? [PAR] For such a simple word, snood has quite a few meanings. In terms of fashion trends, a snood is basically a tubular scarf, like a large cowl. It differs from an infinity scarf in that it sits higher on the neck and can often act like a hood, whereas an infinity scarf is more of\xa0a looped scarf that can sit around the neck. So while an infinity scarf could technically act like a snood, and a snood like an infinity scarf, there are some subtle differences. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] 7 Shopping Tips for Budget Savvy Shoppers [PAR] George Marks/ Retrofile/ Getty Images [PAR] History of the Snood [PAR] Basically, snood means hairnet. If you watch some old black-and-white photos, movies or look at\xa0fashionable vintage ads, you may have seen women wearing snoods . Snoods were seen as more stylish than a hairnet in terms of pulling the hair away from the face. They were quite popular during the World War II era with women entering the workforce. [PAR] However, snoods don\'t necessarily have to be made of net. Basically, a snood is anything that holds the hair back and in place. [PAR] Hill Street Studios/ Blend Images/ Getty Images [PAR] Snoods for Religious Observances [PAR] Snoods are also worn by women for religious reasons. In fact, you could consider a Muslim hijab a snood as well as a nun habit, too. Despite the fact that snoods weren\'t designed to cover the front part of the head and hair, many religious head coverings that do so have been referred to as snoods. Typically, these types of snoods are more understated and less ornate. [PAR] Courtesy of LionHaircare.co.uk [PAR] Snoods for Men [PAR] Believe it or not, there are even snoods for men, which are\xa0called a beard snoods and designed for hygienic\xa0reasons to keep hair covered, just like a hairnet. [PAR] Courtesy of Banana Republic [PAR] The Snood Trend [PAR] So when you hear that snoods are trendy again, don\'t go out and buy a hairnet or, God forbid, a beard snood. What you want to look for are tubular looking scarves resembling a turtleneck collar . [PAR] Elke Meitzel/ Cultura/ Getty Images [PAR] How to Wear a Snood [PAR] Snoods are excellent for warmth and, if this winter is as cold as last winter, will be important for you to own. The reason this type of neck scarf falls into the snood category is because it not only protects the neck but also keeps the hair from protected inclement weather, as you can pull a snood over your head and wear it as a hood. [PAR] What is old becomes new [PAR] Accessories are great ways to give fresh updates to what has been hanging in your closet for some time. If you live in a cold area, and need extra warmth, check out the snood to not only add a layer of warmth of protection to your body but to also make a fashionable statement.[DOC] [TLE] Snood Scarves - Shop for Snood Scarves on PolyvoreSnood Scarves - Shop for Snood Scarves on Polyvore [PAR] snood scarves [PAR] $85 lanecrawford.com [PAR] 43 [PAR] Offering supreme warmth within the most compact silhouette, this snood from Ms MIN is structured in a closed design for easy, hassle-free wear. Luxuriously soft to the touch in a wool-yak-cashmere blend rib knit, this piece will fit snugly for a light but cosy experience. [PAR] More info [PAR] 100% Acrylic. Total Length: 68.5cm/27", Total Width 35.5cm/14". Machine Washable. [PAR] More info [PAR] AW16 Sale Now Up To 60% Off! [PAR] Orange pleated snood from Pleats'}, 'question': {'"What would one do with a ""snood""?"'}}

['wear it']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] 7: Michelle Bachelet - Top 10 Pioneering Female ...7: Michelle Bachelet - 10 Pioneering Female Politicians | HowStuffWorks [PAR] 10 Pioneering Female Politicians [PAR] Brendan Smialowski/ Getty Images [PAR] Like Liberia\'s Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, who was exiled from her home country by a military dictatorship, Michelle Bachelet was forced to leave Chile in 1975 after first being imprisoned and tortured by Augustine Pinochet\'s military regime [source: Encyclopædia Britannica ]. After returning to Chile four years later, Bachelet got involved with the Socialist Party and in 2002 was appointed the country\'s first female minister of defense. During the 2006 election, the Socialist Party tapped Bachelet to run as its presidential candidate , and the divorced mother of three narrowly won and became the first female president in Chilean history. Deftly steering the nation through the international financial recession in 2008, Bachelet also earned kudos for her government\'s investment in improving early childhood education and assistance to low-income families [source: UN Women ]. [PAR] When her term wrapped up in 2010, Bachelet transitioned from national to global politics as executive director of the newly formed UN Women, which seeks to spread gender equity and empowerment for women around the world. Bachelet\'s longstanding desire to enfranchise others through her work was reflected in her presidential victory speech, in which she said, "Because I was the victim of hatred, I have dedicated my life to reverse that hatred and turn it into understanding, tolerance and -- why not say it -- into love" [source: Gallardo ]. She was re-elected president of Chile in 2013. [PAR] \xa0[DOC] [TLE] Michelle Bachelet | president of Chile | Britannica.comMichelle Bachelet | president of Chile | Britannica.com [PAR] president of Chile [PAR] Alternative Title: Verónica Michelle Bachelet Jeria [PAR] Michelle Bachelet [PAR] Bernardo O’Higgins [PAR] Michelle Bachelet, in full Verónica Michelle Bachelet Jeria (born September 29, 1951, Santiago , Chile), Chilean politician who served as president of Chile (2006–10; 2014– ). She was the first female president of Chile and the first popularly elected South American president whose political career was established independently of her husband. [PAR] Michelle Bachelet, 2006. [PAR] Ian Salas—epa/Corbis [PAR] Bachelet’s father was a general in Chile’s air force, and her mother was an archaeologist. In 1973 her father was arrested for opposing the military coup that brought Augusto Pinochet to power and was tortured for several months before suffering a heart attack and dying in custody in 1974. Bachelet, then a medical student at the University of Chile, was arrested (along with her mother) and sent to a secret prison, where she also was tortured. Released into exile in 1975, Bachelet lived in Australia before moving to East Germany , where she became active in socialist politics and studied at the Humboldt University of Berlin . In 1979 she returned to Chile and subsequently completed her medical degree. [PAR] Although Bachelet’s family history made it difficult for her to find employment in Pinochet’s Chile, eventually she joined a medical clinic that treated victims of torture. After Pinochet was ousted from power in 1990, she became active in politics, particularly in the medical and military fields. In 1994 she was appointed an adviser to Chile’s minister for health, and she subsequently studied military affairs at Chile’s National Academy of Strategy and Policy as well as the Inter-American Defense College in Washington, D.C. Bachelet also was elected to the central committee of the Socialist Party (Partido Socialista). In 2000 Ricardo Lagos , the candidate of the Coalition of Parties for Democracy (Concertación de los Partidos por la Democracia; CPD), a group of centre and centre-left parties, was inaugurated as Chile’s first socialist president since Salvador Allende in 1973, and Bachelet was appointed health minister. In 2002 she became the first woman to lead the Defense Ministry. [PAR] In 2005 Bachelet was selected by the CPD as its presidential candidate. Her campaign focused on meeting the needs of the country’s poor, reforming the pension system, promoting the rights of women, and recognizing constitutionally the rights of the indigenous Mapuche people. She also promised continuity in foreign affairs, especially regarding Chile’s close ties with the United States and other Latin American countries'}, 'question': {'In 2006, Michelle Bachelet became the first female president of which country?'}}

['chile']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] The 62nd Annual Tony Awards - lcysr.comThe 62nd Annual Tony Awards高清在线观看-The 62nd Annual Tony Awardsbt迅雷下载-电影-BT天堂电影 [PAR] imdb网址: tt1274261 [PAR] The 62nd Annual Tony Awards剧情简介 [PAR] The Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Awards, recognize achievement in live American theatre and are presented by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League at an annual ceremony in New York City. The awards are for Broadway productions and performances, as well as discretionary non-competitive Special Tony Awards and the Regional Theatre Tony Award, and the Tony Honors for Excellence in the Theatre. The awards are named after Antoinette Perry, co-founder of the American Theatre Wing. [PAR] The rules for the Tony Awards are set forth in the official document "Rules and Regulations of The American Theatre Wing\'s Tony Awards", which applies for each season only. In British theatre, the equivalent of the Tony award is the Laurence Olivier Award. A number of the world\'s longest-running and most successful shows, as well as some actors, directors, choreographers and designers, have been successful in receiving both Tony Awards and Olivier Awards. The Tony Awards are considered the highest U.S. theatre honor, the U.S. theatre industry\'s equivalent to the Academy Awards (Oscars) for motion pictures. [PAR] In recent years, the Tony Awards ceremony has been held at Radio City Music Hall in New York City in June and broadcast on CBS television. The 63rd Tony Awards ceremony is scheduled to be held on June 7, 2009 at Radio City Music Hall, with a three-hour broadcast on CBS television. The cut-off for nomination eligibility for the 2008-2009 Broadway season is April 30, 2009. [PAR] 标签:\xa0\xa0Live / Musical / 2008 / 音乐剧 / Whoopie_Goldberg / US / Tony_Awards / Theatre [PAR] 下载地址 [PAR] The 62nd Annual Tony Awards评论、影评、观后感 [PAR] 裤袜小姐\xa0\xa02011-05-05[DOC] [TLE] Academy AwardsThe Academy Awards, or "Oscars", is an annual American awards ceremony hosted by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) to recognize excellence in cinematic achievements in the United States film industry as assessed by the Academy\'s voting membership. The various category winners are awarded a copy of a statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname "Oscar." The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS. [PAR] The awards ceremony was first broadcast to radio in 1930 and televised in 1953. It is now seen live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Oscars is the oldest entertainment awards ceremony; its equivalents, the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theatre, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording, are modeled after the Academy Awards. [PAR] The 88th Academy Awards ceremony was held at the Dolby Theatre on February 28, 2016 and hosted by Chris Rock. A total of 2,947 Oscars have been awarded since the inception of the award through the 87th. [PAR] History [PAR] The first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16, 1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel. The cost of guest tickets for that night\'s ceremony was $5 ($ in dollars). Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the film-making industry of the time, for their works during the 1927–28 period. The ceremony ran for 15\xa0minutes. [PAR] Winners had been announced to media three months earlier; however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11:00\xa0pm on the night of the awards. This method was used until an occasion when the Los Angeles Times announced the winners before the ceremony began; as a result, the Academy has, since 1941, used a sealed envelope to reveal the name of the winners. [PAR] Institutions [PAR] The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and The'}, 'question': {'What award is the equivalent of the Oscars for live American theatre?'}}

['antoinette perry awards for excellence in theatre' 'tony awards' 'tony award']