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Read_ComprehensionQA

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As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Linkapedia Other Sports Discover more about Jules LéotardLinkapedia Other Sports Discover more about Jules Léotard [PAR] Topic: [PAR] Jules Léotard [PAR] Jules Léotard (b. 1 March 1838 in Toulouse, d. 17 August 1870 in Toulouse) was a revolutionary French acrobatic performer who developed the art of trapeze. He also popularised the one-piece gymwear that now bears his name and was the inspiration for the 1867 song "The Daring Young Man ...[DOC] [TLE] Jules LéotardJules Léotard (; 1 March 1838 - 17 August 1870) was a French acrobatic performer and aerialist who developed the art of trapeze. He also popularised the one-piece gym wear that now bears his name and inspired the 1867 song "The Daring Young Man on the Flying Trapeze" sung by George Leybourne. [PAR] Early life [PAR] Léotard was born in Toulouse, France, the son of a gymnastics instructor who ran a swimming pool in Toulouse. Léotard would practice his routines over the pool. He went on to study Law. [PAR] Career [PAR] After he passed his law exams, he seemed destined to join the legal profession. But at 18 he began to experiment with trapeze bars, ropes and rings suspended over a swimming pool. Léotard later joined the Cirque Napoleon. [PAR] The costume he invented was a one-piece knitted garment streamlined to suit the safety and agility concerns of trapeze performance. It also showed off his physique, impressed the ladies and inspired the song sung by George Leybourne. [PAR] Death [PAR] According to notes from the Victoria and Albert Museum, Jules Léotard died at the young age of 32 from an infectious disease (possibly smallpox). [PAR] Notes'}, 'question': {'What was the occupation of Jules Leotard who popularised one-piece gymwear in the 19th century?'}}

['trapeze']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Trivia Time: 7 Fun Facts About Prague - Eating Prague Tours7 Fun Facts About Prague [PAR] Prague’s sites are beautiful on their own, but it’s the stories behind the scenes that truly make a trip memorable. Wow your fellow travelers with these fun facts about some of Prague’s well-known attractions. [PAR] Fun Fact #1: There is a Graffiti Wall devoted to John Lennon (who never visited Prague) [PAR] This tribute to revolution began after John Lennon’s death in 1980. The unofficially named “John Lennon Wall” sits in a quiet corner near the Charles Bridge, filled with regularly changing portraits, Beatles lyrics and scrawled messages from international tourists. On November 17, 2014 – the 25th anniversary of the Velvet Revolution – a group of students painted the entire wall white with “Wall Is Over” in block letters, but visitors disagreed and quickly filled the blank canvas once again. Visit the graffiti wall for a more alternative take on Prague sightseeing. [PAR] The famous John Lennon Wall in Prague [PAR] Fun Fact #2: The Charles Bridge has mathematical significance [PAR] Charles IV laid the first stone of this famous monument at 5.31 am on July 9, 1357. The notoriously superstitious king was into astrology and numerology, and chose this date because of its written form: 1-3-5-7-9-7-5-3-1 (year, day, month, time). Add this information to the stunning views and saintly statues, and Charles Bridge is clearly a required item on any list of what to see in Prague. [PAR] Fun Fact #3: Yes, those are babies crawling up the TV Tower [PAR] Thank Prague’s resident rebel sculptor, David Černy, for modern art with a sense of humor decorating the city. You can get a close-up of the babies with bar code faces on the castle side of the Vltava River, near the Kampa Modern Art Museum . For more of Černy’s twisted work , try the statues of two men pissing outside the Kafka Museum, or the upside-down horse inside Lucerna Palace near Wenceslas Square. [PAR] Spooky climbing babies… [PAR] Fact #4: Hitler’s retirement plan preserved Prague’s Jewish Quarter. [PAR] “Fun” definitely isn’t the right word here. Josefov, Prague’s historic Jewish Quarter, includes the heartbreakingly overcrowded cemetery and Europe’s oldest active synagogue, the strangely named Old-New Synagogue (there’s a story behind it). Hitler supposedly planned to retire in Prague and preserve this area as a museum to an extinguished race , leaving the architecture largely untouched as he terrorized its residents during WWII. These days, the Jewish Museum in Prague manages this collection of 6 synagogues, historical relics, and a powerful holocaust memorial. [PAR] Fun Fact #5: The Dancing House was inspired by Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers [PAR] This modern monument among the castles and cobblestones is definitely a sight to see in Prague. The collaboration of Canadian-American Frank Gehry and Croatian-Czech Vlado Milunić in the mid-1990s symbolizes yin and yang: communism blending into democracy. Gehry has said that he initially wanted to name the building after the famous dancing duo. Fans of food with a view might also want to try the (pricey) “Ginger and Fred” restaurant ( ginger-fred-restaurant.cz )\xa0located on the top floor. [PAR] Prague’s Dancing House: pure Fred and Ginger! [PAR] Fun Fact #6: The Rolling Stones paid to light the Prague Castle [PAR] The iconic rock group played one of Prague’s first international concerts after the Velvet Revolution in 1989, and developed a close friendship with Czech President Václav Havel. Legend has it that, over drinks with the president, the band admired the prominent monument, but said it was a shame you couldn’t see it at night. Havel had bigger problems to worry about (like running a newly democratic country). So, the band paid the $32,000 (about 775,000 CZK) price tag and had their lighting designer install the system that tourists continue to enjoy today. Thanks, guys. [PAR] Fun Fact #7: The locals drink more beer per capita than any other country in the world. [PAR]'}, 'question': {'Prague is known to its residents as what?'}}

['prague']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] The first postage stamp | History of postal stamps | Penny ...The first postage stamp | History of postal stamps | Penny Black stamp [PAR] The first postage stamp [PAR] The first postage stamp [PAR] The history of first adhesive postage stamp [PAR] Knowing the postal services history \xa0is the best weapon in collecting stamps. Stamps are elements used since writing evolved. Postage stamp is important to be able to transport mails from one place to other. [PAR] What are postal stamps? [PAR] Postal stamps are small gummed label issued by postal authorities. It is affixed to an envelope, postcard, or package as evidence that postal charges have been paid. It is the most popular way of paying retail mails and postal stationery. This small rectangular adhesive paper signifies that the person sending has fully paid or partly for delivery. [PAR] History of Adhesive postage stamp [PAR] On August 22 1839, the British Treasury planned to implement an affordable postal service as proposed by reformer Rowland Hill (1795- 1874). In order to have various stamp designs to choose from, they announced a competition for designs and suggestions as to how Penny postage might look like. [PAR] The champion received £200 while the runner up received £100. There were 2,700 entries that joined the competition. But none of the winning entries was actually used. [PAR] The Penny Black stamp \xa0design, depicting the bust of Queen Victoria, was submitted by Sir George Mackenzie of Coul, Ross-shire and finally approved in the Royal Collection at Buckingham Palace. [PAR] The first stamp was put on sale on May 1, 1840 and was valid from May 6, 1840. Two days later the Two Pence Blue came. Both show a portrait of young Queen Victoria. At that time, The United Kingdom's name was not inscribed on the stamp. United Kingdom remained the only country not to inscribe its name on the stamp because the monarch’s head was used as identification. [PAR] On January 1854, stamps were officially perforated by Mr. Archer and issued at the House of Commons. Mr. Archer was paid £4,000 for the patent. [PAR] On the other hand, Canton of Zurich in Switzerland made their stamps on March 1, 1843. They issued Zurich 4 and 6 rappen. Brazil issued the Bull's Eye stamps on August 1, 1843. [PAR] They used the same printer as of Penny Black but choose an abstract design instead for the portrait of Emperor Pedro ll so that his figure would not be disfigured as for the postmark. [PAR] Some postmasters in the United States of America issued their own stamps in 1845. But the first United States official postage stamp came in 1847, with 5 and 10 cent stamps depicting Benjamin Franklin and George Washington. Other countries issued postage stamps in the late 1840's. India as one of the follower issued stamps in 1845 and by 1860's most countries had stamps. [PAR] After the introduction of stamps in UK, the number of letters increased from 82 million in 1839 to 170 million in 1841. Today (2009), over 21 billion items are delivered by post every year in the United Kingdom. [PAR] Postage stamp ancestors [PAR] All elements that made up the first stamps were already in existence. Revenue stamp is represented on a blue paper which had been around 1694. Revenue stamp also known as tax stamp or fiscal stamp is a stamp used to collect taxes or fees on documents registrations, licenses, etc. [PAR] Revenue stamps were attached to parchment documents by means of lead staples. It is secured at the back by small rectangular piece of paper - the future size of Penny Black. It bears crowned royal cipher, plate numbers, and corner letters. [PAR] One way to raise their revenue is to subject a tax to newspapers. The tax is used to buy weapons for defense during the war. It was the extension of this levy to the American colonies in 1765 via the Stamp Act. The Stamp Act helped trigger the opposition which culminated to War of Independence few years later. In 1802 and onwards, many taxes were denoted by adhesive labels. [PAR] Furthermore, the tax stamps applied to patent medicines were not unlike some of the essays submitted in the Treasury competition. [PAR] The adhesive labels denoting pre"}, 'question': {'Who appeared on the first postage stamp?'}}

['victoria']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] National Assembly (France)The National Assembly (;) is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of France under the Fifth Republic. The upper house is the Senate ("Sénat"). The National Assembly\'s members are known as députés (; "delegate" or "envoy" in English; the word is an etymological cognate of the English word "deputy", usually "adjoint" in French). [PAR] There are 577 députés, each elected by a single-member constituency through a two-round voting system. Thus, 289 seats are required for a majority. The assembly is presided over by a president (currently Claude Bartolone), normally from the largest party represented, assisted by vice-presidents from across the represented political spectrum. The term of the National Assembly is five years; however, the President of the Republic may dissolve the Assembly (thereby calling for new elections) unless he has dissolved it in the preceding twelve months. This measure is becoming rarer since the 2000 referendum reduced the presidential term from seven to five years: a President usually has a majority elected in the Assembly two months after him, and it would be useless for him to dissolve it for those reasons. [PAR] Following a tradition started by the first National Assembly during the French Revolution, the "left-wing" parties sit to the left as seen from the president\'s seat, and the "right-wing" parties sit to the right, and the seating arrangement thus directly indicates the political spectrum as represented in the Assembly. The official seat of the National Assembly is the Palais Bourbon on the banks of the river Seine (); the Assembly also uses other neighbouring buildings, including the Immeuble Chaban-Delmas on the rue de l\'Université (). It is guarded by Republican Guards. [PAR] Relationships with the executive [PAR] The Constitution of the French Fifth Republic greatly increased the power of the executive at the expense of Parliament, compared to previous constitutions (Third and Fourth Republics). [PAR] The President of the Republic can decide to dissolve the National Assembly and call for new legislative elections. This is meant as a way to resolve stalemates where the Assembly cannot decide on a clear political direction. This possibility is seldom exercised. The last dissolution was by Jacques Chirac in 1997, following from the lack of popularity of prime minister Alain Juppé; however, the plan backfired, and the newly elected majority was opposed to Chirac. [PAR] The National Assembly can overthrow the executive government (that is, the Prime Minister and other ministers) by a vote of no confidence (motion de censure). For this reason, the prime minister and his cabinet are necessarily from the dominant party or coalition in the assembly. In the case of a president and assembly from opposing parties, this leads to the situation known as cohabitation; this situation, which has occurred three times (twice under Mitterrand, once under Chirac), is likely to be rarer now that presidential and assembly terms are the same length. [PAR] While motions de censure are periodically proposed by the opposition following government actions that it deems highly inappropriate, they are purely rhetorical; party discipline ensures that, throughout a parliamentary term, the government is never overthrown by the Assembly. Since the beginning of the Fifth Republic, there has only been one single successful motion de censure, in 1962 in hostility to the referendum on the method of election of the President, and president Charles de Gaulle dissolved the Assembly within a few days. [PAR] The Government (the Prime Minister and the Minister of relationships with Parliament) used to set the priorities of the agenda for the Assembly\'s sessions, except for a single day each month. In practice, given the number of priority items, it meant that the schedule of the Assembly was almost entirely set by the executive; bills generally only have a chance to be examined if proposed or supported by the executive. This, however, was amended on 23 July 2008. Under the amended constitution, the Government sets the priorities for two weeks in a month. Another week is designated for the Assembly\'s "control" prerogatives (consisting mainly of verbal questions addressed to the'}, 'question': {'How many members are there in the French lower house, the National Assembly?'}}

['577']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] STUDIO 54 AFTER DARK- LOBBY INTERIOR IN 3-D, NEW YORK CITY ...STUDIO 54 AFTER DARK- LOBBY INTERIOR IN 3-D, NEW YORK CITY NOV 26, 2006 - YouTube [PAR] STUDIO 54 AFTER DARK- LOBBY INTERIOR IN 3-D, NEW YORK CITY NOV 26, 2006 [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Oct 16, 2009 [PAR] Footage taken of the infamous Studio 54 nightclub-theater at night, inside the main lobby area with security guard, Nov 26, 2006 IN 3-D, Please select 3-D option check (Blue/Yellow), check Swap (Right-Left) and check (Full Color), and enjoy!!! The nightclub was founded by four equal partners: Steven Rubell, Ian Schrager, Another partner, Richard DeCourcey, was present until September 1977. [PAR] Carmen D\'Alessio, after working in Rome and around Europe as a fashion PR, was well known by fashion, music, and film people, and generally with the kind of celebrities from across the United States, South America, Europe, and other parts of the world who would be ideal patrons. Harden was pushed out of the project, and Rubell and Schrager gave D\'Alessio much of the control for the design and promotion of the nightclub. [PAR] Before the April 26, 1977 opening, D\'Alessio sent out 5,000 invitations to her exclusive mailing list, together with an enticing surprise gift to each of her invitees. Liz Smith, Rex Reed, Cindy Adams, and other New York gossip columnists announced a major event. [PAR] On May 21, 1977, the New York State Liquor Authority raided Studio 54 for selling liquor without a license, and closed it. The owners of the nightclub said the incident was a "misunderstanding". The next night the club reopened, but gave free fruit juice and soda instead of liquor. Prior to the raid, the nightclub had been using one-day use "caterers\' permits", which enabled the nightclub to serve alcohol but were intended for weddings or political affairs. The State had denied the daily permit for the night and raided the nightclub. The nightclub had been using these permits while waiting for its liquor license to be processed. [PAR] Among the many celebrities present during opening night: Mick and Bianca Jagger, Liza Minnelli, Jerry Hall, Diana Vreeland, Halston, Pat Cleveland, Kevin Arpino, Margaux Hemingway, Mikhail Baryshnikov, Salvador Dali, Brooke Shields, Francesco Scavullo, Janice Dickinson, Martha Graham, Debbie Harry, Robin Leach, newlyweds Donald and Ivana Trump, newly engaged Rick Hilton and Kathy Richards, Billy Amato and many other well-known party-goers. Hordes scrambled to gain entry, but only a few got past the door. Some celebrities, including Warren Beatty, Woody Allen, Diane Keaton, Henry Winkler, Cher, and Frank Sinatra were unable to get in, in part due to Studio 54\'s elusive doorman Marc Benecke[10]. The nightclub held around 700 patrons who paid $8 cover to get in each night. [PAR] A week after the opening, Halston asked Rubell to open the nightclub on a Monday night (May 2, 1977, when it would have been closed) for Bianca Jagger\'s 32nd birthday party. Bianca entered on a white horse and the resulting publicity firmly established Studio 54 as the preferred nightclub for celebrities, including Michael Jackson, Yanique & Chantal, Rudolf Nureyev, Elton John, Truman Capote, Margaret Trudeau, John Travolta, Jackie Onassis, Elizabeth Taylor, Björn Borg, Gloria Swanson, Mae West, Farrah Fawcett, Telly Savalas, Salvador Dali, Olivia Newton-John, Cher, Muhammad Ali, Sylvester Stallone, Chuck Berry, Keith Richards, Lorna Luft, John Lennon and Yoko Ono, Divine, Rod Stewart, Alice Cooper, Suzanne Somers, Bette Davis, Al Pacino, the Zsa Zsa and Eva Gabor, Bette Midler, Ann'}, 'question': {'Who entered Studio 54 in New York City in 1977 for her 32nd birthday party on a white horse, resulting in publicity that established it as the preferred nightclub for celebrities?'}}

['bianca jagger']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Harrison Ford - Film Actor - Biography.comHarrison Ford - Film Actor - Biography.com [PAR] Harrison Ford [PAR] Harrison Ford is one of Hollywood\'s leading men, with an acting career that has spanned nearly 40 years and included iconic roles such as Indiana Jones and Han Solo. [PAR] IN THESE GROUPS [PAR] Famous Ripon College Alumni [PAR] quotes [PAR] “I was terrified to get up in front of people, but I really enjoyed the storytelling part."[On his first drama course, taken at Ripon College.]” [PAR] \x97Harrison Ford [PAR] Harrison Ford - Early Years (TV-14; 2:02) Watch a short video about the early years of actor Harrison Ford. [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] Born on July 13, 1942, in Chicago, Illinois, Harrison Ford struggled for years as an actor before George Lucas cast him in 1973\'s American Graffiti. Ford then hit superstardom as Han Solo in the first three Star Wars films and as Indiana Jones in Raiders of the Lost Ark and its three sequels, which were all monster successes. He has had leading roles in numerous Hollywood films such as Blade Runner, Witness,\xa0Working Girl, Patriot Games,\xa0The Fugitive and 42,\xa0among many others. In 2015 he returned to his Han Solo role in a big way with Star Wars: Episode VII - The Force Awakens. \xa0 [PAR] Early Life [PAR] Born on July 13, 1942 in Chicago, Illinois, actor Harrison Ford has starred in some of Hollywood\'s biggest films, including\xa0Star Wars and Raiders of the Lost Ark. He grew up in Des Plaines, a suburb of Chicago, as the son of an advertising executive and a stay-at-home mother. As a child, Ford was targeted by bullies. He went to Maine Township High School where he was involved in the social sciences and model train clubs, according to People magazine. [PAR] After graduating in 1960, Ford studied English and philosophy at Ripon College in Wisconsin. There, he discovered an interest in performing nearly by accident. Ford signed up for a drama course, hoping for an easy good grade. "I was terrified to get up in front of people, but I really enjoyed the storytelling part," he explained to People. [PAR] Ford wasn\'t the best student in college, and he ended up leaving before completing his degree. With his future wife, Mary Marquardt, he made his way to Hollywood in the mid-1960s. Ford first landed a deal with Columbia Pictures as a contract player, earning $150 a week. He then ended up at Universal. In 1966, Ford made his film debut in a bit part in Dead Heat on a Merry-Go-Round. Studio executives were less than impressed. One studio official said, "You\'ll never make it in this business," Ford told the Hollywood Reporter. [PAR] Breakthrough Films: \'Star Wars\' and \'Raiders of the Lost Ark\' [PAR] Frustrated with his lack of success as an actor, Ford became a carpenter to supplement his income. George Lucas gave him his first important film role in his 1973 drama American Graffiti, but his career failed to progress much. He worked for Francis Ford Coppola as both a carpenter and an actor with small roles in The Conversation (1974) and Apocalypse Now (1979). [PAR] In 1977, Ford collaborated with Lucas again for his breakthrough role as Han Solo in Star Wars. His portrayal of the brash but likable rogue in this science-fiction classic helped raise his profile in Hollywood. The film\'s two sequels, The Empire Strikes Back (1980) and Return of the Jedi (1983), helped make him a star. [PAR] Around this time, Ford brought another of his legendary film characters to the big screen. He played resourceful, swashbuckling archaeologist Indiana Jones in 1981\'s Raiders of the Lost Ark, directed by Steven Spielberg . The action adventure tale, written in part by Lucas, proved to be a huge hit. It spawned several sequels, including Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984) and Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989). Around the time of the first Indiana Jones installment, Ford also starred as the title character in Blade'}, 'question': {'Harrison Ford was working as what before his first big break as a film actor?'}}

['carpenter']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Essay Sample: The Importance Of Costume In The Works Of ...Essay Sample: The Importance Of Costume In The Works Of Dickens | Blog - CheapBuyEssay [PAR] Essay Sample: The Importance Of Costume In The Works Of Dickens [PAR] Posted on [PAR] July 24, 2014 [PAR] . [PAR] Great Expectations is, as G. K. Chesterton puts it, “a study in human weakness and the slow human surrender.” (G. K. Chesterton on\xa0Great Expectations). This remarkable classic novel tells a story of young man Pip whose desire to change his social status from lower class to higher led him to snobbishness and parting with his real friends. In descriptions of the protagonist as well as of other characters of the novel, Dickens shows his talent in creating vivid, memorable images through detailed descriptions of their inner world and appearance. Clothes serves as important indicator in these descriptions, and thus this paper will show the significance of costume in Great Expectations. [PAR] Firstly, the contrast between shabby clothes Pip wares while living with his sister and her husband and exquisite costumes he puts on after moving to London, illustrates personal changes which occurred to the protagonist. Philip Pirrip, that is his real name, falls in love with Estella – brewery heiress’ stepdaughter, who continuously scorns the boy for his inferior station. Pip is not satisfied with his origin: “I was a common labouring-boy” (Dickens, 2003, p. 113), and with his appearance: “my hands were coarse, boots were thick” (Dickens, 2003, p. 113) – he wants to become more “genteel”. \xa0Estella insults Pip for his thick boots as they play, spurring his desire to become a “gentleman”, in a sense that he should climb out of poverty. Eventually, Pip becomes rich and begins to wear cheap imitations of the exquisitely cut clothes worn by upper-class dandies. (Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations. A new interpretation for students). By this, the young man demonstrates his desire to belong to the upper class by all means available, not excepting lies and hypocrisy. Exemplary of the clothes symbolism is also an episode with Avenger, Pip’s servant boy. Pip dresses him in expensive costumes, thus reflecting his excessive attention to material aspects of life after moving to London. Another instance depicts Pip, who comes into fortune and buys new clothes for a London trip. He chooses not to go to his neighborhood in new attire leaving it at Pumblechook’s house because it would have been “common” of him to do so. Consequently, both Pip’s decisions and actions show a great deal of haughtiness and self-conceit which developed in him after his “great” expectations came true, clothes playing in it a role of litmus test that shows Pip’s\xa0deceitful\xa0appearances. [PAR] Secondly, Miss Havisham’s wedding dress acts as an iconic image of past memories, vain hope and broken heart, which haunt the woman throughout her life. “The bride within the\xa0bridal dress\xa0had withered like the dress […] the dress had been put upon the rounded figure of a young woman, and that the figure upon which it now hung loose had shrunk to skin and bone […] waxwork and skeleton seemed to have\xa0dark eyes\xa0that moved and looked at me” (Dickens, 2003, p. 100), – this is how Pip describes his impressions from meeting Miss Havisham for the first time. The woman looks like a walking corpse, she wears an old wedding dress, the veil, one shoe, and really tattered silk stockings (Great Expectations Study Guide & Essays). She sufferes from psychological trauma after her fiancé, the professional swindler Compeyson, jilted her at the altar. Since the woman cannot overcome her crisis, she never takes off her bridal dress. This dress, as well as Miss Havisham’s decaying body, become an ironic symbol of death and degeneration (Miss Havisham in Great Expectations). The whole Havisham’s house is full of this morbid atmosphere: stopped clocks, rats, spiders and beetles crawling through the rooms, dimmed light from the drawn curtains, untouched\xa0wedding cake'}, 'question': {'What principal Dickens character wears a wedding dress throughout her appearance in the novel?'}}

['miss havisham']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Geldof sisters- Fifi Trixiebelle, Little Pixie, Peaches ...Irish singers, Bob geldof and Tiger lilies on Pinterest [PAR] Forward [PAR] Geldof sisters- Fifi Trixiebelle, Little Pixie, Peaches Honeyblossom Michelle Charlotte Angel Vanessa, and the youngest, Heavenly Hiraani Tiger Lily Hutchence-Geldof. Parents Bob Geldof and Paula Yates. The Irish singer and songwriter Geldof named his eldest daughter Fifi after his aunt, and his wife was fascinated with the lifestyles of southern belles. Pixie named after a character from the cartoon Celeb in the satirical magazine Private Eye. via cracked.com, pic from…[DOC] [TLE] Map of Peaches Geldof - The Full WikiMap of Peaches Geldof - The Full Wiki [PAR] The Full Wiki [PAR] Wikipedia article: [PAR] Map showing all locations mentioned on Wikipedia article: [PAR] Peaches Honeyblossom Michelle Charlotte Angel Vanessa Geldof (born 16 March 1989) is an English socialite and occasional broadcaster . [PAR] Background [PAR] Geldof was born in London in 1989, the second daughter of Bob Geldof and Paula Yates . She is the granddaughter of Hughie Green . Her sisters are Fifi Trixibelle Geldof (born 1983) and Pixie Geldof (born 1990), and she also has a younger half-sister, Heavenly Hiraani Tiger Lily Hutchence Geldof (born 1996). [PAR] She grew up in Chelsea [PAR] and was educated at Queen\'s College, London . After moving out of her father\'s house in Battersea [PAR] , Peaches rented a flat in Islington [PAR] , North London, but gave up her lease to move to New York with then-husband, Max Drummey. She now splits her time between her apartment in Williamsburg [PAR] and an apartment in Shoreditch [PAR] with her best friend Fifi Brown after an extended stay at Mayfair Hotel in London [PAR] , to which she was reportedly an ambassador. [PAR] Life in the spotlight [PAR] Geldof wrote a column for the UK edition of Elle Girl , starting with its April 2004 issue and continuing until the magazine folded in October 2005. She has also penned a number of columns and articles for The Daily Telegraph and The Guardian . [PAR] Geldof wrote and presented her own reality TV programme , Peaches Geldof: Teenage Mind in 2005, which was followed up with Peaches Geldof: Teen America, which aired on Sky One in the UK on 1 March 2006. She has recently worked as a guest reporter for Tonight with Trevor McDonald for the ITV network and presented The beginner\'s guide to Islam and T4 \'s coverage of the NME Awards 2007 for Channel 4 . In 2006, Geldof was placed at number seven in the Tatler \'s list of Top Ten Fashion Icons for the year, the youngest person on the list. In 2007, readers of FHM voted her the 53rd sexiest woman in the world. In November 2007 it was reported that Geldof was lined up to present a new version of The Tube , a TV music magazine show which made the former presenter, her mother Paula Yates , a star in the 1980s. [PAR] Geldof has received criticism for perceived nepotism , her party lifestyle, sometimes perceived as wild and self-destructive, with critics noting her lack of years, access to wealth and hunger for fame as potential problems. Pete Doherty blamed his poor performance at 2005\'s Live 8 concert on Peaches making a "suggestive" comment to him shortly before he went onstage, which the teenager denied. However, opinion remains divided both among the press and those purportedly close to her, with many sources describing her as balanced and down to earth. She famously branded fashion gurus Trinny Woodall and Susannah Constantine "upper-class bitches with no fashion sense." [PAR] In September 2007 Geldof made her catwalk debut modelling for PPQ at London Fashion Week. She was also announced as the face of the Australian fashion line Dotti . Together with friend Fifi Brown, she also performs in a DJ-ing duo known as Trash Pussies. She has also performed for Philip Colbert and the Rodnik Band on numerous occasions. [PAR] In September 2007 Geldof was featured in the British Hello! magazine wearing three dresses, which were claimed to have been Marilyn Monroe \'s movie costumes. The magazine paid £7,000 for a cover shoot to dress Peaches Geldof in the gowns, which were claimed to have been created by Oscar-'}, 'question': {'Who is the natural father of Fifi Trixibelle (born in 1983), Peaches Honeyblossom Michelle Charlotte Angel Vanessa (1989), Little Pixie (1990) and the adoptive father of Heavenly Hiraani Tiger Lily (1996)?'}}

['little pixie geldof' 'bob geldof']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] What does kendo mean? - Definitions.netWhat does kendo mean? [PAR] This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word kendo [PAR] Wiktionary(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: [PAR] kendo(Noun) [PAR] a Japanese martial art using "swords" of split bamboo. [PAR] Origin: "the way of the sword" (ken = sword; dō = way). [PAR] Freebase(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: [PAR] Kendo [PAR] Kendo, meaning "Way of The Sword," is a modern Japanese martial art, which descended from traditional swordsmanship and uses bamboo swords, and protective armor. Today, it is widely practiced across Japan and many other nations across the world. Kendo is a physically and mentally challenging activity that combines martial arts practices and values with sport-like strenuous physical activity. [PAR] The numerical value of kendo in Chaldean Numerology is: 5 [PAR] Pythagorean Numerology[DOC] [TLE] Kendo | Get Into Martial ArtsKendo | Get Into Martial Arts [PAR] The Martial Arts Wiki [PAR] - Where it originated from [PAR] Kendo is the art of Japanese Samurai Swordmanship, where mastering the sword was often the difference between life and death. [PAR] But Kendo is more than defeating your opponent, it is a way of training one’s mind and this unwavering spirit continues to shine brightly in the Kendo art today. [PAR] It is difficult to trace back the origins of Kendo to a sole person or a specific date in time. [PAR] For hundreds of years Japanese swordsmen started Kenjutsu (the ancestor of Kendo) schools, which form the basis of Kendo as it is practiced now. [PAR] In the modern era, Kendo uses Shinai which are bamboo swords and Bogu, protective armour, which is worn over traditional style Japanese clothing. This was instigated around 1711 and 1715 (the Shotoku era) by Naganuma Shirōzaemon Kunisato who devised a training style using the Shinai. Naganuma worked closely to improve the bogu with his father, Heizaemon right up to Heizaemon’s passing away. [PAR] By using the Shinai and Bogu the Kendoka can strike fully without the risk of causing serious injury which was commonplace in the Samurai era. [PAR] As a result, new rules and formats had to be introduced and these paved the way for the establishment of modern Kendo. [PAR] Kendo saw a major downturn during 1868 with Japan emerging as a modern nation in the new world under Emperor Meiji. This saw the abolishment of the Samurai and the outlawing of public sword wearing. [PAR] The decline was short-lived though and in 1887 interest in Kendo began to rise again as the police needed training to combat the unrest and revolts against the authorities. [PAR] As a result, 1895 saw the creation of the Butokukai organization which was dedicated to the martial arts. [PAR] Then in the early 20th century, Kendo became part of the curriculum for P.E. in middle schools and in 1912 a set of Kendo rules and regulations known as the ‘Nihon Kendo Kata’ was written. [PAR] Following the second world war, Kendo was banned and the Butokukai was broken up due to its military and national associations but in 1952 Kendo followers managed to get Kendo re-instated into schools as a pure sport called Shinai Kyogi which omitted the rougher and more military elements of Kendo. [PAR] The All Japan Kendo Federation (AJKF or ZNKR) was created in 1952 on the basis that Kendo would be promoted as an educational sport rather than a martial art and it is practiced as such today throughout Japan and the rest of the world. [PAR] According to the All Japan Kendo Federation and its register of dan graded members (the ‘Kodansha Meibo’) in 2007 there were almost 1.5million registered Kendoka that were dan graded in Japan. The AJKF estimates there are around 1.7million Kendoka in Japan and over 6 million in total throughout the world. [PAR] - What it is [PAR] ‘Ken’ means sword and ‘Do’ is the way, so Kendo, translates literally to mean ‘The way of the sword’ - it is a modern Japanese martial art which provides a number of challenges – both physical and psychological. [PAR] Kendo developed from Kenjutsu/swordmanship but it is very different from the more violent origins which involved fierce and often fatal sword battles between samurai warriors.'}, 'question': {'"What does the word ""Kendo"", a modern Japanese martial art, mean?"'}}

['kendo']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Royal Lichtenstein Quarter-Ring Sidewalk CircusRoyal Lichtenstein Quarter-Ring Sidewalk Circus was a street theatre troupe that toured the United States between 1971 and 1993 [http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid [PAR] 2199&dat19751008&id [PAR] HNoxAAAAIBAJ&sjidBeUFAAAAIBAJ&pg [PAR] 5053,1026054 Quarter-ring Circus revels in smallness ]Lawrence Journal-World Oct. 8, 1975 -- pp.1,3 as the self-described "world\'s smallest circus". [PAR] Theological and theatrical origins [PAR] The main attraction and founder was Jesuit Nick Weber, who held degrees in theology and theater. He saw a circus as a vehicle to communicate theological lessons without being heavy-handed. "I used to be involved with community theater," he once explained, "but I got disenchanted with that. It wasn\'t open enough. People come to our shows and know they\'ll have fun." Yet Weber also avers, "Ours was an entertainment in every sense, but it was a ministry of the California Jesuits."[http://open.salon.com/blog/delible/2010/07/10/mitch_kincannon_royal_lichtenstein_circus_manager Mitch Kincannon, Royal Lichtenstein Circus Manager] Weber\'s very first experiment with street performing took place in downtown San Jose, California, under the title, "Sam\'s Sidewalk Show." For a few months after that he toured alone under the Royal Lichtenstein title and then was joined by three young friends for the first summer attempt in 1971. The following summer three young Jesuit scholastics joined for another tour. In the fall of 1972, the young Jesuits were replaced by two former students and the tiny show with the big name (selected as being easily remembered) began its annual cross-country tours.[http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20064428,00.html A Jesuit Clowns It Up for God] [PAR] In a 1974 People Magazine profile Weber explained the philosophy behind the show: [PAR] [PAR] A Typical Season [PAR] A season ran from August through May performing in more than 120 cities; the cast varied from as few as three to as many as eight.[http://articles.latimes.com/1987-05-30/news/vw-3513_1 The Littlest Show Under the Big Top] Venues included college campuses, shopping centers, churches, Indian reservations, company picnics and benefits. [PAR] [PAR] Besides Weber, the other regular cast member was Mitch Kincannon, who acted as booking agent, house manager, performer, ombudsman and many other roles before crowds and behind the scenes. Kincannon, summing up the show\'s appeal, stated, "The payoff is creating an atmosphere for kids. It\'s their experience as we show the moral of the circus by transforming a dull parking lot into something magical, another world. The circus always has had this ability to transcend the average, boring, dull life." [PAR] The rest of the performers were generally people in their 20s who signed up for a season or so, although the show also actively recruited from audiences while travelling. [PAR] Animal and Human Performers [PAR] The show had a small menagerie of performing animals that consisted at various times of bears, monkeys, miniature horses, foxes, pheasants, pigmy goats, dogs, parrots, ducks, and domestic cats. Time Magazine dubbed the performance "an amiable blend of circus acts and low-key morality plays." Drawing inspiration from the emerging New Vaudeville movement, acts could vary to include fire eating, dance, juggling, mime, parables, wire-walking and single trapeze, aerial roman rings, magic (including a version of Harry Houdini\'s Milk Can Escape) and clown antics. [PAR] Off-season, funding and alumni [PAR] In the Seventies, summer months were spent at Santa Clara University rehearsing with the new cast members while recuperating after the hectic 10-month performance schedule. In 1980, the show\'s training quarters were relocated at the Jesuit Novitiate property in Montecito, near Santa Barbara. [PAR] Ongoing operations received substantial help from the California Province of the Jesuits during training periods and with capital outlay for the show\'s vehicles. Other substantial support came from passing the hat for voluntary audience contributions, board and room accommodations from en route host families, along with stipends paid by student associations and other performance sponsors. [PAR] Many alumni continued street performing or even transitioned into working in mainstream circuses and theater companies or other media related employment. Prominent examples include Dana Smith, Steve Aveson, Bill Cain, Joey'}, 'question': {'"The Royal Lichtenstein Quarter-Ring Sidewalk Circus, a street theatre troupe that toured the USA between 1971 and 1993 as the self-described ""world\'s smallest circus"" was a ministry of what religious order?"'}}

['jesuit' 'jesuits']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] St. John Ambulance - About Us - For the Service of Mankind.St. John Ambulance - About Us - For the Service of Mankind. [PAR] Why First Aid? [PAR] St John Ambulance Association Maharastra State Centre [PAR] We are the Maharashtra State Centre of The St. John Ambulance Association, India Chapter. The Hon. Governor of Maharashtra State, chairs the Maharashtra Chapter. [PAR] After S.J.A. of India was started in 1912, the St. John Maharashtra State Centre was established in 1915 at the present location in Fort and is still functional from the same venue after 100 years. [PAR] The Maharashtra State Centre has several sub centres under its wing - Pune, Nasik, Nagpur, Aurangabad, Ahmednagar. We offer first aid courses to individuals and companies. The training is designed so that the common man can be trained without any formal qualifications being required. Our training is conducted in English, Hindi or Marathi. [PAR] Our courses are fully certified, internationally recognised (Learn More) and valid for work visas . We also provide first aid kits to be used in case of emergencies. Classes are conducted only by Maharashtra Medical Council registered Doctors. [PAR] Classes for Individuals and small groups of upto 30 people are conducted in our air-conditioned auditorium at our Fort office with audio-visual cues and professional props. Doctors may also travel to your location for a minimum batch of 30 candidates with transport provided for the visiting faculty. Our activities include running certified courses in First Aid, Home Nursing, Health and Safety etc. [PAR] We also run Ambulance services through our St. John Ambulance Brigade ( The Parsi Ambulance Wing) located at Lady Wellington House, opposite Metro Cinema, Dhobi Talao. The ambulance service is offered free to the public and is run only on donations from those who make use of our ambulances. The St. John Ambulance Brigade and our volunteers offer our services free, during festivals like Ganesh Chaturti. Volunteers from the Nuclear Power Corp make their services available for Maharashtra\'s annual Pandharpur pilgrimage, every year. [PAR] Centenary Celebrations [PAR] As part of our celebrating 100 years in the service of the public, we aim to spread awareness about First Aid in our schools and colleges. We are therefore organising Essay as well as Poster(drawing) Competitions, and Skits in Schools throughout Mumbai. We are also arranging a Fund Raising drive through an English Play which will be performed at the National Centre of the Performing Arts. The funds raised therein will be used for our future activities. [PAR] SJA in India [PAR] St. John Ambulance India is the Indian branch of St. John Ambulance International. It has its national headquarters in Delhi and operates as a federation. The St. John Ambulance Association of India was started in 1912. Since Independence the India Chapter has its headquarters in New Delhi and is chaired by The Hon. President of India. There are two operational wings often called the Association Wing (which delivers first aid training) and the Brigade Wing (which operates the Ambulance service and delivers First Aid at public events). [PAR] Surgeon-Major William George Nicholas Manley of the Royal Regiment of Artillery established St John Ambulance in 1877. In 1912, the St John Ambulance Association was granted autonomy and the Council was created. The first Nursing division was established in 1913 and the first Cadet division in 1925. At independence, the Indian St John Council was granted entire control over the work that was being carried out in its 526 divisions. [PAR] History Of SJA International [PAR] St. John Ambulance, branded as St. John in some territories, is a common name used by a number of affiliated organisations in different countries, dedicated to the teaching and practice of medical first aid and the provision of ambulance services, all of which derive their origins from the St. John Ambulance Association founded in 1877 in the United Kingdom by the order of Queen Victoria. Commonwealth countries have this organisation in some form or other. The active uniformed first-aiders known as the St. John Ambulance Brigade were introduced in 1887. There are now more than 500,000 such volunteers worldwide. The St John motto: "For the service of Mankind" [PAR] Key dates [PAR] 10 July 1877: St John Ambulance Association'}, 'question': {'What ambulance service is a common name used by a number of affiliated organisations in different countries dedicated to the teaching and practice of medical first aid and the provision of ambulance services, all of which derive their origins from an association founded in 1877 in England?'}}

['st john']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Tower of London | Wapping ConservativesTower of London | Wapping Conservatives [PAR] Contact [PAR] Tower of London [PAR] It’s one of our nation’s most important historical sites, a London landmark and a draw for tourists across the globe – and the Tower of London is in our ward!\xa0Its centrepiece, the White Tower, was built in 1078 and since that time the Tower of London has served as an armoury, royal residence, menagerie, public records office, prison and treasury. It has also served as the home of both the Crown Jewels and the Royal Mint.\xa0The Tower’s walls have borne witness to some grisly deaths, including the beheading of Anne Boleyn whose ghost reputedly still haunts St Peter’s chapel. [PAR] Today the Tower is both a major tourist attraction and a residential community with over thirty beefeaters living within its walls. As Tower Hamlets residents, we can get into the Tower for £1![DOC] [TLE] Tower of London | tower, London, United Kingdom ...Tower of London | tower, London, United Kingdom | Britannica.com [PAR] Tower of London [PAR] 8-18-2016 [PAR] Alternative Title: The Tower [PAR] Tower of London, byname the Tower, royal fortress and London landmark. Its buildings and grounds served historically as a royal palace, a political prison, a place of execution, an arsenal, a royal mint, a menagerie , and a public records office. It is located on the north bank of the River Thames , in the extreme western portion of the borough of Tower Hamlets , on the border with the central City of London . [PAR] The Tower of London and the River Thames. The earliest part of the fortification, the White Tower … [PAR] Dennis Marsico/Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. [PAR] Description of the history and traditions of the Tower of London. [PAR] Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.[DOC] [TLE] Tower of London | European TripsTower of London – European Trips [PAR] Follow [PAR] Tower of London [PAR] Tower of London, or Her Majesty’s Royal Palace and Fortress, is an English historic castle located on the north bank of the River Thames in central London. The landmark served as the control and protection of London City in its era. It has been the symbol of Norman power as it was built to demonstrate it. [PAR] Tower of London is one of London’s popular tourist attractions. The Tower is under the care of the charity Historic Royal Palaces and announced as one of World Heritage Sites. [PAR] History of Tower of London [PAR] Tower of London was built in 1066 after the Norman conquest of England by William the Conqueror. It was one of many castles built by the emperor as a symbol of the conquest of London. The castle was mainly used as a royal palace although it was once used as a prison in 1100 to 1240. [PAR] William the Conqueror [PAR] In 1078, William added a castle built with strong stone to complete the building known as the White Tower. This very castle was the one that gave Tower of London its name. This castle was also the place where William imprisoned his opponents and enemies. The castle underwent several expansions under King Richard the Lionheart, King Henry III and King Edward I between 12th and 13th centuries. King Henry III was the one who made most expansions to the castle by adding a chapel, guardrooms, apartments, and underground burial chambers. [PAR] Tower of London is an important witness of London’s history. It was besieged several times by forces that intended to rule England. It has changed roles several times including being the home of the Royal Mint, an armory, a treasury, a public records office, a menagerie, and the home of the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom. [PAR] The Tower of London once again was used as a prison during World War I and II. The tower was also the place where 12 espionages were executed. The Blitz attack in World War II by the Germans damaged several parts of the castle so that it underwent renovation before it was opened to the public. [PAR] Famous Prisoners of Tower of London [PAR] Used a couple of times as a prison in its 900 years of existence, the Tower had kept some famous prisoners. Ann Boleyn was the most'}, 'question': {'What London landmark has served as the Royal Mint, the Public Records Office, a royal menagerie, a residence and a prison?'}}

['tower of london']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] UV Protective Umbrellas, Sun Protection Umbrellas ...UV Protective Umbrellas, Sun Protection Umbrellas - Manufacturer, Supplier, Exporter [PAR] Search [PAR] UV Protection Umbrellas [PAR] High quality, competitively priced UV Protection Umbrellas for B2B, wholesale and retail buyers, made by top manufacturers in Songxia, China [PAR] In various parts of the world, most people are prone to suffer from skin cancer, particularly in hot and humid countries. In the United States, for instance, over 58,000 individuals have developed melanomas and skin complications due to overexposure to the sun, according to the 2007 reports by the Center for Disease Control and Protection. Considering the jeopardizing effects of UV rays to one’s health, it is important to stay safe by using items that provide total protection from the sun. [PAR] UV protection umbrellas are umbrellas that offer UV protection while in use. A UV protective parasol may seem like a typical umbrella. However, what sets it apart is the superior protection it offers from the harmful effects of the UV rays. These umbrellas use specially-treated fabrics that protect the skin from UVB and UVA rays. They are ideal for individuals who suffer from medical conditions that can become even worse when they are exposed to UV rays. These umbrellas effectively absorb UV rays and reflect them so that they are not actually absorbed by you. This makes the UV protective umbrellas much more effective than a typical umbrella as they protect you from both UV rays and rainfall. [PAR] An umbrella that provides UV protection is useful and essential in various situations. This type of umbrella is a must-have if you have to attend a sporting event or festival held outdoors. It is also a functional item when you walk you wait for the bus for your daily commute at work or in school. If you need to go fishing or boating, make sure you protect your skin by using a UV protective umbrella. You may also bring the parasol along when you go to the beach or any other warm places. You can choose from compact and straight umbrellas with UV protection, so you can purchase the best style that meets your needs. Most individuals usually prefer a folding and compact umbrella because it can fit perfectly in their bag or purse. However, straight umbrellas are also an excellent option because these are easier to close and open. You can store these umbrellas in your closet or the trunk of your car, since they come in a sleek and slender design. [PAR] UV protection umbrellas are designed both for home and personal use. The home use options mostly consist of patio umbrellas. These are umbrellas that are used to cover above your patio table. This prevents any UV rays from getting into your eyes while sitting at the table. Ideally, the umbrella will be adjustable so it can be tilted to block out the sun at all times. There are other types of outdoor umbrellas that may be used to block out UV rays as well. Personal use UV protective umbrellas are designed so that you can carry them around with you in case it rains, but they also include the feature of being UV protective. This feature may be found in certain designs of tote umbrellas and similar sized personal use umbrellas. [PAR] When shopping for a new UV protection umbrella, you must first consider whether it is being purchased for home or personal use. You will then need to decide which particular style of umbrella would be best suited for your needs. For example, outdoor umbrellas are available in many different styles such as patio, garden, and sun. Each have their own benefits and will differ slightly, so you need to figure out which particular type would be most beneficial for your needs. [PAR] You can then begin comparing your options of UV protection umbrellas based on the design. The visual appeal of the umbrella is a major factor as you want to make sure that it looks stylish. You will also want to consider the material and fabric used. The shaft, umbrella base (if any), control mechanism, and additional features will all need to be considered as well. For example, you could consider an offset base if you wish to prevent the shaft and base from being positioned directly under the umbrella. [PAR]'}, 'question': {'What is an item designed to protect from the sun?'}}

['umbrellas' 'parasol' 'umbrella']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Rankine temperature scale | Article about Rankine ...Rankine temperature scale | Article about Rankine temperature scale by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Rankine temperature scale | Article about Rankine temperature scale by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Rankine+temperature+scale [PAR] temperature temperature, [PAR] measure of the relative warmth or coolness of an object. Temperature is measured by means of a thermometer or other instrument having a scale calibrated in units called degrees. The size of a degree depends on the particular temperature scale being used. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. \xa0scale having an absolute zero, below which temperatures do not exist, and using a degree of the same size as that used by the Fahrenheit temperature scale Fahrenheit temperature scale [PAR] , temperature scale in which the temperature difference between two reference temperatures, the melting and boiling points of water, is divided into 180 equal intervals called degrees. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. . Absolute zero absolute zero, [PAR] the zero point of the ideal gas temperature scale, denoted by 0 degrees on the Kelvin and Rankine temperature scales, which is equivalent to −273.15&degC; and −459.67&degF;. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. , or 0&degRa;, is the temperature at which molecular energy energy, [PAR] in physics, the ability or capacity to do work or to produce change. Forms of energy include heat, light, sound, electricity, and chemical energy. Energy and work are measured in the same units—foot-pounds, joules, ergs, or some other, depending on the system of [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. \xa0is a minimum, and it corresponds to a temperature of −459.67&degF;. Because the Rankine degree is the same size as the Fahrenheit degree, the freezing point of water (32&degF;) and the boiling point of water (212&degF;) correspond to 491.67&degRa; and 671.67&degRa;, respectively. The temperature scale is named after the Scottish engineer and physicist William John Macquorn Rankine Rankine, William John Macquorn [PAR] , 1820–72, Scottish engineer and physicist. Serving as a professor of engineering at the Univ. of Glasgow from 1855, he made valuable contributions to civil and mechanical engineering as well as to thermodynamics. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. , who proposed it in 1859. Another absolute temperature scale, the Kelvin temperature scale Kelvin temperature scale, [PAR] a temperature scale having an absolute zero below which temperatures do not exist. Absolute zero, or 0&degK;, is the temperature at which molecular energy is a minimum, and it corresponds to a temperature of −273. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. , is more commonly used for scientific measurements. See also Celsius temperature scale Celsius temperature scale [PAR] , temperature scale according to which the temperature difference between the reference temperatures of the freezing and boiling points of water is divided into 100 degrees. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. . [PAR] Rankine temperature scale [PAR] [′raŋ·kən ′tem·prə·chər ‚skāl] [PAR] (thermodynamics) [PAR] A scale of absolute temperature; the temperature in degrees Rankine (°R) is equal to ⁹⁄₅ of the temperature in kelvins and to the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit plus 459.67.[DOC] [TLE] Rankine temperature scale - InfopleaseRankine temperature scale [PAR] Encyclopedia \xa0>\xa0 Science and Technology \xa0>\xa0 Physics \xa0>\xa0 Physics [PAR] Rankine temperature scale [PAR] Rankine temperature scale, temperature scale having an absolute zero, below which temperatures do not exist, and using a degree of the same size as that used by the Fahrenheit temperature scale . Absolute zero , or 0°R, is the temperature at which molecular energy is a minimum, and it corresponds to a temperature of - 459.67°F. Because the Rankine degree is the same size as the Fahrenheit degree, the freezing point of water (32°F) and the boiling point of water (212°F) correspond to 491.67°R and 671.67°R, respectively. The temperature scale is named after the Scottish engineer and physicist William John Macquorn Rankine , who proposed it in 1859. Another absolute temperature scale, the Kelvin temperature scale , is more commonly used for scientific measurements. See also Celsius temperature scale . [PAR] The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia'}, 'question': {'What is measured using the Rankine scale?'}}

['temperatures' 'temperature']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] TopiaryTopiary [PAR] \xa0 \xa0 [PAR] Topiary [PAR] What is topiary? Topiary is simply the art or practice of trimming and shaping plants into ornamental shapes. The shapes can be any object or geometric shape one can think of. History tells us that Pliny the younger (AD 62-110) described his villa in Tuscany as being embellished with various figures and adorned with animals out of boxwood. So topiary has been around for nearly 2000 years. Its still popular in mansions as well as in the home garden. The term topiary today can mean a large specimen, such as a garden giraffe or a small tabletop centerpiece, but its always related to shaped plants. Here are some of the most popular uses for topiary today. [PAR] GARDEN TOPIARY [PAR] Topiary is found in a wide variety of home gardens as well as commercial establishments. Formal gardens will often include pyramids or arches, maybe even cones or teardrops with little birds pruned on top. Whimsical topiary shapes such as animals or birds or even trains and airplanes may grace a park or zoo, or accent one’s garden, bringing pleasure to all who visit. Topiary children may dance through a cottage garden and topiary dolphins look natural near the swimming pool. Topiary bunnies may welcome visitors by the front door, or human shapes ‘help’ in the garden. A scene of topiary ducks with a mother and her ducklings brings a smile to anyone’s face. Commercial gardens enjoy using garden topiary to delight their visitors, as Cypress Gardens did a few years ago with a huge topiary exhibit with over 75 large frames, including a moving carousel of topiary animals. Elli’s Great American Restaurant in Salinas California has a topiary Statue of Liberty in its front garden. Topiary is so versatile it can be at home in any garden. Its sure to be around for another 2000 years! [PAR] TOPIARY FOR CONTAINERS [PAR] Container gardening has become especially popular in the last few years and topiary for containers is a natural fit. Picture a duck or goose in a ‘nest’ of grasses. Or a tall ivy cone graced with impatience around the base with trailing ivy between the flowers. A grouping of containers with a large quail topiary surrounded by smaller quail would make a nice patio vignette. Two ivy standards flanking a door way in victorian urns would enhance an entrance. Container grown topiary has the advantage of being able to be moved around the garden as desired, it serves as a focal point and can be adorned around the base with flowers or grasses to accentuate the topiary. [PAR] TABLETOP TOPIARY [PAR] Another kind of topiary that is very popular is the table top topiary, most often done in ivy, but also found in herbs such as rosemary. Wreaths, hearts, cones, spirals, standards, double standards and many geometric shapes have all found their way to the table as a centerpiece, often decorated with seasonal decorations. With over 500 varieties of ivy to choose from, the possibilities for many different looks are endless. Many of these shapes are instant if one starts with a long ivy. A simple 13” ivy topiary wreath can be made with an ivy that has 18” runners in 10 mintues and they become more beautiful as they grow. The tabletop topiary is very popular for weddings and parties as it makes a pretty and appropriate centerpiece. Its also easy to tie a topiary in to a theme: hearts and flowers for weddings and anniversaries, wreaths and ivy trees for Christmas, custom topiary fish for a fisherman’s birthday, you get the picture! [PAR] BASKET TOPIARY [PAR] Martha Stewart Living magazine featured topiary baskets a few years ago that were shaped like different animals and decorated for Easter. Ducks, bunnies, roosters, goats and deer all became topiary baskets that held flowers or colored eggs. Ivy baskets can hold champagne or flowers and make unique gifts. [PAR] So topiary can be used as an accent in the garden or as a statement. It can serve a formal garden with repetition of geometric cones or spirals, or be at home in a cottage garden with whimsical animals. It fits commercial gardens with large exhibits or single specimens. And tabletop topiaries are widely used for adorning the home or party centerpieces. And with ready made'}, 'question': {'Topiary is practised on what objects?'}}

['plants' 'plant']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] The Original Definition of Decimate | Merriam-WebsterThe Original Definition of Decimate | Merriam-Webster [PAR] Regarding the Incorrect Use of \'Decimate\' [PAR] It\'s totally fine to use \'decimate\' as a synonym for \'devastate\'. This is why. [PAR] The word decimate is what we might delicately refer to as a problem word. It seems to invite spleen , at least on the part of a small but committed group of linguistic enthusiasts who feel that it is often misused. Here is a sample of comments regarding decimate that have been left by our dictionary’s users. [PAR] What is going on here? Decimate always meant to reduce something by one tenth. I would prove that point to others using M-W. The definition is now changed to match the incorrect common usage? [PAR] —User comment, 21 Jan 2014 [PAR] Why must we change the meaning of a word simply because a large number of people use it incorrectly? There is no reason for the synonyms to be laid out making "decimate" the equivalent of "annihilate". I believe this to be erroneous and in need of correction. [PAR] —User comment, 19 Feb 2013 [PAR] Just because people are uneducated and do not know how to speak English and have a limited lexicon, is no reason for intelligent human beings to add misuse of a word as its meaning. [PAR] —User comment, 31 Jul 2014 [PAR] People love to complain about \'decimate\', but they\'re wrong. Our language includes many words which originally had a specific historical meaning, all of which mean something different in English. [PAR] Lest you think that this is the sort of biased sample that one only finds by scrolling through the comments on a dictionary site, one may find similar feelings expressed on Twitter—including one from someone who appears to have ended a romantic entanglement over the matter. [PAR] Dear everyone, decimate doesn\'t mean what you think it means. [PAR] —Twitter.com, 25 Mar 2016 [PAR] I don\'t like how people use the word decimate. It doesn\'t mean to wipe things out. Words are precise tools, not blunt instruments. [PAR] —Twitter.com, 24 Dec 2015 [PAR] #GotDumpedBecause I insisted she learn that \'decimate\' means to reduce by 1/10. It\'s doesn\'t mean wiped out, Vicky!! [PAR] —Twitter.com, 31 Jul 2015 [PAR] The issue that many people have with the decline and fall of the word decimate is that is once upon a time it had a very singular meaning, a meaning that is in danger of being lost forever to the vandals and barbarian hordes who are manhandling the English language through using this word to mean “to destroy a large number of.” The specific complaint is that decimate had the specific meaning, in ancient Rome, of killing one of every ten soldiers, as a form of military punishment. There are, it must be said, some problems with the argument that this is the only correct meaning today. [PAR] The first problem is that even if decimate did refer to the practice of killing one of every ten soldiers in Roman times, it did so in the service of Latin, not English. We have many words in English that are descended from Latin but which have changed their meaning in their travels. We no longer think of sinister as meaning “on the left side,” even though that was one of the word’s meanings when it existed in Latin. [PAR] Another problem with insisting that decimate should have but a single meaning is that very few words in English retain but a single meaning. An enormous percentage of the items in our vocabulary are capable of semantic multitasking. When a person uses a tricky word such as when , a , person , use , tricky , or word , all of which have multiple meanings, we use context to understand the speaker’s intent. [PAR] Was the sense meaning “to select by lot and kill every tenth man of” the original use of decimate in English? Yes, it was, but not by much. Our earliest record of this meaning is from the end of the 16th century; by the beginning of the 17th century the word had already taken on an additional meaning (“to'}, 'question': {'"What word\'s original meaning was ""to remove every tenth one""?"'}}

['decimate' 'decimation']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Alessandro Volta | Biography, Inventions and FactsAlessandro Volta | Biography, Inventions and Facts [PAR] Alessandro Volta [PAR] Alessandro Volta invented “Battery” [PAR] Alessandro Volta (formally Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta) was an Italian scientist best known for inventing the battery. He was born to a noble family in Como, Italy in February 1745. He did not learn to speak until he was four, which led his family to fear that he had learning disabilities. These were entirely unfounded, and Volta gained mastery not only over his native language, that is, Italian but also French, German, Latin and English. Despite being part of the nobility, his family was not wealthy and when Volta was 7 years old, his father passed away, heavily indebted. Volta was taught at home by his uncle until he was 12, after which he enrolled at a Jesuit boarding school where he studied for free. However, he left after a few years because they expected him to join the priesthood, whereas Volta wanted to embark on a career in science. After this he studied at the Benzi Seminary until the age of 18. [PAR] Volta published his first scientific paper in 1769, titled “On the Forces of Attraction of Electric Fire” which he sent to a prominent physicist named Giambatista Beccaria in order to discuss his ideas with him. A couple of years later, he published another paper describing an electrical generator that he had built. These publications gained Volta a favorable reputation in scientific circles and he was appointed as a teacher of natural philosophy at the Liceo of Como in 1774. One of his major breakthroughs came shortly after, which was a device known as electrophorus. Although it had been invented earlier by Johann Wilcke in 1762, Volta is thought to have worked and arrived at his conclusions independently. His design was an improvement on Wilcke’s and as its use became widespread throughout laboratories in Europe, Volta’s reputation as a distinguished scientist was further strengthened. [PAR] Volta was also involved in the study of gases, particularly methane, which he studied at length after noticing the bubbling of water in a marsh. He collected some of it and found it to be highly combustible. This led him to develop another device, known as “Volta’s Pistol” which was a rudimentary version of an internal combustion engine. In 1779, Volta accepted the position of chair of natural philosophy at the University of Pavia. Around this time, he also engaged in an intellectual disagreement with another prominent Italian scientist named Luigi Galvani. Galvani had been conducting experiments with frogs when he noticed that the leg of a dead frog twitched when hanging from a brass hook and touched with a scalpel. He concluded that an electrical charge was naturally found in animal tissues whereas Volta tried to prove that the twitching was merely a sign that an electrical current had passed between two metals. Both were partly right, but the issue was much discussed and debated in scientific circles. [PAR] Volta was best known for inventing the voltaic pile in 1800. This was a series of metallic discs separated by pieces of cardboard soaked in acid or salt solution. This apparatus could be used to generate a continuous electrical current, that is, it was the world’s first battery. It brought Volta much appreciation and aplomb, not only within the scientific community but by the likes of the Emperor Napoleon as well, who called Volta to Paris in 1801 for a demonstration. Napoleon was so pleased with Volta’s accomplishments that he bestowed many titles and honors on him, including a gold medal, a pension and the positions of cavalier, senator and count. In later life, Alessandro Volta became more involved in his political career and in 1819 he retired to his family estate. He died in 1827 at the age of 82. The term volt, used to describe the unit of electrical power, is named in his honor.[DOC] [TLE] Who was Alessandro Volta? | Reference.comWho was Alessandro Volta? | Reference.com [PAR] Who was Alessandro Volta? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] Alessandro Volta was an Italian physicist credited for the invention of the electric battery in 1800. He also made discoveries in electrostatics, meteorology and pneumatics. The word "volt,"'}, 'question': {'What was invented by Alessandro Volta in 1800?'}}

['battery']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] The Goon Show Site - History and Background of The GoonsThe Goon Show Site - History and Background of The Goons [PAR] About The Goons [PAR] History [PAR] The Goons met in the 1940s before going on to create the most influential comedy show of their era. Like many of the post war entertainers, they all began performing whilst serving in the forces. Here is a brief history of the show and its cast. [PAR] 1939 [PAR] WAR. All 4 founder members of the Goons were involved in World War 2 (as was most of the world). Individually, the Goons get involved in entertaining the armed forces. [PAR] 1945 [PAR] WAR ends. Score 2-0 to the allies. The atomic bomb stops play. [PAR] 1949 [PAR] By now all 4 original Goons are in London carving out individual careers on stage and radio and Spike is getting into script writing. They begin to gather at a pub called 'Graftons' which becomes a popular watering hole for them and other up and coming stars. Jimmy Grafton, the Landlord of the pub (and scriptwriter) is instrumental in getting the Goons started at the BBC. He will also edit the early series of the show. [PAR] 1950 [PAR] The BBC are approached by the Goons with their ideas for a new radio show. They are eventually given a chance. [PAR] 1951 [PAR] A pilot episode was made in early February and the first series started on the BBC in May. The first series was titled 'Crazy People' as the BBC did not like the name 'The Goon Show'. These early shows contained a number of short sketches and musical interludes. Many of the characters to be loved later pop up in these early shows. By the end of the year the show finally gets its intended title 'The Goon Show'. [PAR] 1952 [PAR] At the end of the second series, 4 becomes 3 as Michael Bentine leaves to pursue other aspects of his life and career. The shows become more developed with the same characters appearing each week. The madcap comedy, characters and sound effects become more ined. [PAR] 1953 [PAR] The original announcer (Andrew Timothy) leaves, saying he 'feared for his sanity'. He is replaced by Wallace 'Bill' Greenslade. During series 3 Spike suffers his first nervous breakdown and misses 12 programs. Larry Stephens and Maurice Whiltshire do most of the writing, with Sellers and other actors playing Milligan's characters during this period. With the next (4th) series, the show begins to have a single plot giving the show its well known format. [PAR] 1954 [PAR] The BBC Transcription service starts to record shows, making them available to organisations in other countries. This gives the show an international audience. Eric Sykes starts to assist in writing some shows. [PAR] 1954 to 1959 [PAR] The show becomes hugely sucessful with large listening figures. All 3 Goons become established household names both for The Goon Show and in their own right. [PAR] 1959 [PAR] Milligan announces that the 9th series will be the last. At the end of one recording session a group of girls hand over a petition signed by 1,030 listeners pleading with him to carry on writing The Goons. Harry Secombe also misses the recording of the final episode. One more series was made. [PAR] 1960 [PAR] The tenth and last series ends with the shows popularity still high. 'It's better to go out on top'. [PAR] 1960 Onwards (After the Goons) [PAR] Harry Secombe continues to be a popular and well loved entertainer and singer. Spike performs on stage, writes books, plays, poetry and TV comedy including the acclaimed 'Q' series. Peter becomes an international film star with classics such as Dr Strangelove, The Pink Panther, Being There and many more (plus a few terrible ones that we don't like to talk about!). The Goons occasionally appear together in film and TV etc. [PAR] 1961 [PAR] Announcer Wallace Greenslade dies unexpectedly at his home in Weybridge, Surrey, UK. [PAR] 1963/64 [PAR] The Telegoons is shown on BBC-TV. These are 15 minute puppet shows using some re-worked Goon Show scripts. This leads to a cartoon version of The Telegoons appearing in"}, 'question': {'"What was the original title of ""The Goon Show""?"'}}

['crazy people']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Remember the NASL MEMPHIS ROGUES? | BigSoccer ForumRemember the NASL MEMPHIS ROGUES? | BigSoccer Forum [PAR] Remember the NASL MEMPHIS ROGUES? [PAR] Still one of the all-time best names and logos! [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] What exactly do Memphis, Rogues, and Elephants have to do with each other? [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] United States [PAR] A rogue elephant is one that separates from the herd, creating a one-animal stampede. [PAR] And there are as many elephants in Memphis as there are tigers in Detroit. That doesn\'t mean it can\'t be a cool team name, either way. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Eagle Mountain, UT [PAR] Rogues? [PAR] How can you have a team of Rogues? Isn\'t a rogue, by definition, solo? It\'s like the Dallas Mavericks, isn\'t a Maverick a solo. [PAR] from Merriam-Webster.com [PAR] rogue elephant - a vicious elephant that separates from the herd and roams alone [PAR] Maverick - an independent individual who does not go along with a group or party [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] How can you have a team of Rogues? [PAR] Click to expand... [PAR] This is why coaching is so important... [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Originally, I believe, the "Rogues" handle also refers to the riverboat legacy of Memphis....riverboat gamblers and ruffians..."rogues"....but then the elephant became popular and stuck... [PAR] (Edit: Oops- I see the link covered most of the following): [PAR] Memphis had a very loyal following for what was mostly a very crappy team, for 2 of 3 years at bottom of entire league... pretty good to average between 7-10k given how bad they were...the brief indoor team was a sensation averaging near 8k (a few sellouts) and losing in final to Tampa (1979-1980)....the outdoor team highlites included a 1-0 win over 24-6, Chinaglia/Alberto Cosmos (1978) and a 55 yard goal by Marindihna (1980)....of course, they had a great (yet often blind on long shots) goalie named John Houska (fans shouted Hoooo-ska on every save), who woulda been as marketable as Shep Messing/Clint Mathis had he played in NY and been a better player [PAR] Pretty amazing, actually, that Memphis hasn\'t been able to put together the right A-League entry....should be a 3-5k average attendence there if marketed correctly (there is a suburban, soccer specific stadium that could be upgraded)...but of course, this means some rich guy who likes to lose money must show up and foot bill...similiar to AAA baseball team (really a non-profit), and I guess the Fed Ex Rogues aren\'t really for prime time yet... [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Joined: [PAR] Feb 13, 2001 [PAR] The Rogues, or more to the point, one Rogue, has a legacy that is still seen in MLS. [PAR] I forget the guys name, he is German, I think, but one of the former Rogues stuck it out in Memphis and got into youth coaching. [PAR] He had a a youth club that produced Richard Mulrroney, Jon Walker, Ross Paule, Carey Talley and former MLS player Tony Kuhn. [PAR] They were all on the same Memphis youth team. I don\'t quite know why there hasn\'t been more players from Memphis make it in MLS since but I know this guy, the former Rogue whose name I can\'t remember, coached all the MLS players as kids. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Fayetteville, AR [PAR] Blast from the Past [PAR] My first pro game attended was the Rogues vs Roughnecks exhibition in War Memorial Stadium, Little Rock, Arkansas, as seen on ESPN2 last night. Back then the stadium had astroturf IIRC. It was about 100 years ago I think. [PAR] Now that you have brought it up, I definitely remeber shouting Hooooo SKA. Went to an indoor game or two as well. Thanks for dredging up the good memories. [PAR] I had a treasured Rouges T-shirt with the logo on the pennant displayed on the front. The T-shirt finally got so thread worn that I had to let it rest'}, 'question': {'What name is given to a vicious elephant that separates from the herd?'}}

['rogue']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] 8 Things You May Not Know About the Crimean War - History ...8 Things You May Not Know About the Crimean War - History in the Headlines [PAR] 8 Things You May Not Know About the Crimean War [PAR] March 30, 2016 By Evan Andrews [PAR] Share this: [PAR] 8 Things You May Not Know About the Crimean War [PAR] Author [PAR] 8 Things You May Not Know About the Crimean War [PAR] URL [PAR] Google [PAR] On March 30, 1856, the Crimean War officially came to a close after the Treaty of Paris was signed between Russia and a victorious alliance that included France, England, the Ottoman Empire and Sardinia. Though largely forgotten today, the two-and-a-half-year conflict claimed at least 750,000 lives and marked the battlefield debut of railways, telegraphs, steamships and rifled muskets. It also left two enduring cultural legacies in nursing pioneer Florence Nightingale and the doomed Charge of the Light Brigade, which was immortalized in an 1854 Alfred Tennyson poem. Explore eight key facts about one of the 19th century’s most devastating wars. [PAR] 1. Religious tensions helped trigger the war. [PAR] While it’s remembered as a clash of empires, the Crimean War was sparked by a seemingly minor religious dispute. For years, Orthodox Christians and Roman Catholics had squabbled over access to holy sites within the borders of the majority-Muslim Ottoman Empire. Both France and Russia purported to be the defenders of these Ottoman Christians—France supported the Catholics and Russia the Orthodox—and in 1852 they began jockeying for recognition by the Ottoman government. When the Turks ignored some of his demands, the Russian Czar Nicholas I mobilized his army and occupied the Ottoman territories in what is now Romania. Fearing that the Czar was looking to dismantle the Ottoman Empire—a weak regime he called the “sick man of Europe”—France and Britain cast their lot with the Turks and declared war on Russia in March 1854. The Crimean War soon transformed into an imperial struggle for influence over the ailing Ottoman Empire, but it never lost its religious overtones. British and French Christians roundly denounced the Russian Orthodox Church in the press, and many Russians and Turks came to view the conflict as a holy war between Eastern Christianity and Islam. [PAR] 2. It wasn’t fought exclusively in Crimea. [PAR] Views of the ruined interior of the Great Redan, one of the six main redoubts which defended Sevastopol. (Credit: Public Domain) [PAR] Its name notwithstanding, the Crimean War was a global conflict that featured several different theaters of battle. Early clashes occurred in the Balkans and in Turkey, and the focus only shifted to Crimea after the Allies launched an invasion of the peninsula in September 1854. While most of the war’s most famous battles would eventually take place in Crimea, naval actions and intermittent fighting also erupted in such far flung places as the Caucasus, the Black Sea, the Baltic and the White Sea on the Northwest coast of Russia. In August 1854, French and British forces even launched an unsuccessful attack on Petropavlovsk, a port city on Russia’s Pacific coastline near Siberia. [PAR] 3. The Allied forces weren’t very fond of one another. [PAR] 5th Dragoon Regiment of the British army, photographed by Roger Fenton. (Credit: ullstein bild/Getty Images) [PAR] Though ostensibly united against Russia, the forces of Britain, France and the Ottoman Empire were not natural allies. The British and the French were ancient enemies who had tangled during the Napoleonic Wars a few decades earlier, and they spent most of the Crimean campaign quarreling over strategy and field tactics. British commander-in-chief Lord Raglan, who had lost an arm at the Battle of Waterloo, was even known to refer to the French—not the Russians—as the “enemy.” Meanwhile, colonial prejudices ensured that both the French and the British mistreated their Ottoman allies, who were branded as unreliable and often beaten, ridiculed or relegated to manual labor. According to one account by a British interpreter, some of the European troops even forced the Turks to carry them on their shoulders whenever they marched across muddy roads or streams. [PAR] 4. Most of the war was spent in an 11-month'}, 'question': {'"There were two events called ""The Siege of Sevastopol"". One of them took place in which war?"'}}

['crimean war']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Spine - Anatomy Pictures and Information - Human AnatomySpine - Anatomy Pictures and Information [PAR] Home > Skeletal System > Spine [PAR] Spine [PAR] Stretching down the midline of the trunk from the base of the skull to the coccyx, the spine plays an extremely important role in our bodies as it supports the upper body’s weight; provides posture while allowing for movement and flexibility; and protects the spinal cord. [PAR] The spine, also known as the vertebral column or spinal column, is a column of 26 bones in an adult body – 24 separate vertebrae interspaced with cartilage, and then additionally the sacrum and coccyx.... [PAR] Move up/down/left/right: Click compass arrows [PAR] Rotate image: Click and drag in any direction, anywhere in the frame [PAR] Identify objects: Click on them in the image [PAR] Vertebra and Spinal Cord, Cross-section [PAR] Full Spine Description [PAR] [Continued from above] . . . Prior to adolescence, the spine consists of 33 bones because the sacrum’s five bones and the coccyx’s four do not fuse together until adolescence. [PAR] The vertebrae are named by the first letter of their region (cervical, thoracic, or lumbar) and with a number to indicate their position along the superior-inferior axis. For example, the fifth lumbar vertebra (which is most inferior one, located beneath the fourth lumbar vertebra) is called the L5 vertebra. [PAR] Each vertebra has several important parts: the body, vertebral foramen, spinous process, and transverse process. [PAR] The body is the main weight-bearing region of a vertebra, making up the bulk of the bone’s mass. [PAR] Extending from the body, the transverse processes are thin columns of bone that point out to the left and right sides of the body. [PAR] The spinous process extends from the ends of the transverse processes in the posterior direction. [PAR] Between the body, transverse processes and spinous process is the vertebral foramen, a hollow space that contains the spinal cord and meninges. [PAR] Between the vertebrae of the spine are thin regions of cartilage known as the intervertebral discs. Intervertebral discs are made of an outer shell known as the annulus fibrosus and a soft, pulpy region known as the nucleus pulposus in the middle. [PAR] The annulus fibrosus is made of tough fibrocartilage that binds the vertebrae together but is flexible enough to allow for our movements. [PAR] The inner nucleus pulposus acts as a shock absorber to support the body’s weight and prevent the vertebrae from painfully crashing into each other while under strain. [PAR] The vertebrae of the spine align so that their vertebral canals form a hollow, bony tube to protect the spinal cord from external damage and infection. Between the vertebrae are small spaces known as intervertebral canals that allow spinal nerves to exit the spinal cord and connect to the various regions of the body. [PAR] There are 5 major regions of the spine: [PAR] Cervical: The 7 vertebrae in the neck form the cervical region of the spine. Cervical vertebrae are the thinnest and most delicate vertebrae in the spine but offer great flexibility to the neck. The first cervical vertebra, C1, supports the skull and is named “atlas” after the Greek titan who held the Earth on his shoulders. The skull pivots on the atlas when moving up and down. The second cervical vertebra, C2, is also known as the “axis” because it allows the skull and atlas to rotate to the left and right. [PAR] Thoracic: The 12 vertebrae in the chest region form the spine’s thoracic region. Thoracic vertebrae are larger and stronger than cervical vertebrae but are much less flexible. The spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae point inferiorly to help lock the vertebrae together. A unique feature of the thoracic vertebrae is that each one forms joints with a pair of ribs to form the sturdy rib cage that protects the organs of the chest. [PAR] Lumbar: The 5 vertebrae in the lower back form the lumbar region of the spine. Lumbar vertebrae are even larger and stronger than thoracic vertebrae, but are more flexible due to the lack of ribs in the lumbar region. All of the upper body’s weight bears down on the lumbar vertebrae, leading to many back'}, 'question': {'The lumbar region of the human body contains how many vertebrae?'}}

['five' '5']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Ted Bundy - Serial Killers Profiles and News - Criminal ...Ted Bundy - Serial Killers Profiles and News - Criminal Motives [PAR] Serial Killers Profiles and News [PAR] Ted Bundy [PAR] Ted Bundy [PAR] This article is about the serial killer. For the 2002 film based on his life, see Ted Bundy (film). [PAR] Ted Bundy [PAR] Chris Hagen, Richard Burton, Officer Roseland, Rolf Miller [1] [PAR] Born: [PAR] January 24, 1989 (aged\xa042) [PAR] Cause of death: [PAR] Washington, Oregon, Utah, Idaho, Colorado, Florida [PAR] Date apprehended: [PAR] August 16, 1975; escaped December 30, 1977; re-apprehended February 15, 1978 [PAR] Theodore Robert “Ted” Bundy, born Theodore Robert Cowell (November 24, 1946 – January 24, 1989), was an American serial killer active between 1973 and 1978. He twice escaped from county jails before his final apprehension in February 1978. After more than a decade of vigorous denials, he eventually confessed to over 30 murders, although the actual total of victims remains unknown. Estimates range from 26 to over 100, the general estimate being 35. Typically, Bundy would bludgeon his victims, then strangle them to death. He also engaged in rape and necrophilia. Bundy was executed for his last murder by the state of Florida in 1989. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Early life [PAR] Childhood [PAR] Ted Bundy was born Theodore Robert Cowell at the Elizabeth Lund Home For Unwed Mothers in Burlington, Vermont, to Eleanor Louise Cowell. While the identity of his father is unknown, Bundy’s birth certificate lists a “Lloyd Marshall” (b. 1916), [2] although Bundy’s mother would later tell of being seduced by a war veteran named “Jack Worthington”. However, Bundy’s family did not believe this story, and expressed suspicion about Louise’s violent, abusive father, Samuel Cowell. [3] Whatever the truth of Bundy’s parentage, to avoid social stigma, Bundy’s maternal grandparents, Samuel and Eleanor Cowell, claimed him as their son. He grew up believing that his mother was his older sister. Bundy biographers Stephen Michaud and Hugh Aynesworth wrote that he learned Louise was actually his mother while he was in high school. [4] True crime writer Ann Rule, who knew Bundy personally, states that it was around 1969, shortly following a traumatic breakup with his college girlfriend. [5] [PAR] For the first few years of his life, Bundy and his mother lived in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In 1950, while he still believed she was his sister, they moved to live with relatives in Tacoma, Washington. Here, Louise had her son’s surname changed from Cowell to Nelson. [6] In 1951, one year after their move, Louise Cowell met Johnny Culpepper Bundy at an adult singles night held at Tacoma’s First Methodist Church. [7] In May that year, the couple were married, and soon after Johnny Bundy adopted Ted, legally changing his last name to “Bundy”. [PAR] Johnny and Louise Bundy had more children, whom the young Bundy spent much of his time babysitting. Johnny Bundy tried to include his stepson in camping trips and other father-son activities, but the boy remained emotionally detached from his stepfather. [8] Bundy was a good student at Woodrow Wilson High School, in Tacoma, and was active in a local Methodist church, serving as vice-president of the Methodist Youth Fellowship. He was involved with a local troop of the Boy Scouts of America. [PAR] Socially, Bundy remained shy and introverted throughout his high school and early college years. He would say later that he “hit a wall” in high school and that he was unable to understand social behavior, stunting his social development. [9] He maintained a facade of social activity, but he had no natural sense of how to get along with other people, saying: “I didn’t know what made things tick. I didn’t know what made people want to be friends. I didn’t know what made people attractive to one another. I didn’t know what underlay social interactions.”'}, 'question': {'Who was an American serial killer active in various states between 1973 and 1978 who confessed to over 30 murders (estimates range from 26 to over 100)?'}}

['carol daronch' 'lynda ann healy' 'georgeann hawkins' 'theodore robert cowell' 'carole ann boone' 'theodore robert bundy' 'joni lenz' 'laura aime' 'ted bundy']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] The Beret Project: Green Beret - Foreign LegionThe Beret Project: Green Beret - Foreign Legion [PAR] The Beret Project [PAR] Peaked Cap: for people who don't dare to wear a beret [PAR] Saturday, October 2, 2010 [PAR] Green Beret - Foreign Legion [PAR] The\xa0 French Foreign Legion \xa0(Légion étrangère) is a unique military unit in the\xa0French Army\xa0established in 1831. The legion was specifically created for foreign nationals wishing to serve in the French Armed Forces, but commanded by French officers. However, it is also open to\xa0French\xa0citizens, who amounted to 24% of the recruits as of 2007. [PAR] The Legion is today known as an elite military unit whose training focuses not only on traditional military skills but also on its strong\xa0 esprit de corps . As its men come from different countries with different cultures, this is a widely accepted solution to strengthen them enough to work as a team. Consequently, training is often described as not only physically challenging, but also extremely stressful psychologically. [PAR] The French Foreign Legion was created by\xa0King\xa0Louis Philippe, on 10 March 1831. The direct reason was that foreigners were forbidden to serve in the French Army after the 1830\xa0July Revolution, so the Legion was created to allow the government a way around this restriction.\xa0The purpose of the Legion was to remove disruptive elements from society and put them to use fighting the enemies of France. Recruits included failed revolutionaries from the rest of Europe, soldiers from the disbanded foreign regiments, and troublemakers in general, both foreign and French.\xa0Algeria\xa0was designated as the Legion's home. [PAR] In late 1831, the first Legionnaires landed in Algeria, the country that would be the Legion's homeland for 130 years and shape its character. The early years in Algeria were hard for Legionnaires because they were often sent to the worst postings, received the worst assignments and were generally uninterested in the new colony of the French.\xa0The Legion's first service in Algeria came to an end after only four years, as it was needed elsewhere. [PAR] The Legion was primarily used to protect and expand the\xa0French colonial empire\xa0during the 19th century, but it also fought in almost all French wars including the\xa0Franco-Prussian War\xa0and both\xa0World Wars. The Foreign Legion has remained an important part of the French Army, surviving three Republics, The\xa0Second French Empire, two World Wars, the rise and fall of mass\xa0conscript armies, the dismantling of the French colonial empire and the French loss of the legion's base, Algeria. [PAR] These days\xa0most Legionnaires still come from European countries but a growing percentage comes from Latin-America, 24%. Most of the Legion's\xa0commissioned officers\xa0are French with approximately 10% being former Legionnaires who have risen through the ranks. [PAR] Membership of the Legion is often a reflection of political shifts: specific national representations generally surge whenever a country has a political crisis and tend to subside once the crisis is over and the flow of recruits dries up. After the First World War, many (Tsarist) Russians joined. Immediately before the\xa0Second World War, Czechs, Poles and\xa0Jews\xa0from\xa0Eastern Europe\xa0fled to France and ended up enlisting in the Legion.\xa0 [PAR] Following the break-up of Yugoslavia, there were many\xa0Serbian\xa0nationals. Also in the 1990s, the collapse of\xa0the Soviet Union, and the changes in the former Warsaw Pact countries, led to an increase in recruitment from Poland and from the former republics of the USSR\xa0(If you're interested in joining, click\xa0 here !). [PAR] Posted by[DOC] [TLE] Fiction:French Foreign Legion - SporeWiki - WikiaFiction:French Foreign Legion | SporeWiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] French Sixth Republic [PAR] The French Foreign Legion, officially the Légion etrangère, is an elite military service wing of the French Army established in 1831, unique because it was exclusively created for foreign nationals willing to serve in the French Armed Forces. Since the mid-2790's, the French Foreign Legion has increasingly become an instrument of French power projection,"}, 'question': {"What military unit was established in 1831 so that foreign nationals could serve in a nation's Army?"}}

['french foreign legion' 'legionnaire' 'legionaire' 'légion étrangère']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Where\'s John Mayer? There\'s no sign of Jennifer Aniston\'s ...Where\'s John Mayer? There\'s no sign of Jennifer Aniston\'s new squeeze as she sunbathes alone | Daily Mail Online [PAR] Where\'s John Mayer? There\'s no sign of Jennifer Aniston\'s new squeeze as she sunbathes alone [PAR] Last updated at 10:05 05 May 2008 [PAR] At the weekend Jennifer Aniston appeared to have found love again in the shape of tattooed singer songwriter John Mayer. [PAR] But two days later Hollywood\'s most famous singleton was alone again. [PAR] Stepping out to do some solo sunbathing, the actress cut a lonely figure in her multi-coloured bikini, with John Mayer nowhere in sight. [PAR] Scroll down for more... [PAR] Alone again: Jennifer Aniston did some solo sunbathing after new squeeze John Mayer\'s fleeting visit [PAR] The Friends star, who has had in a string of failed relationships since her divorce from Brad Pitt in 2005, had been spotted cosying up to singer-songwriter John Mayer in Miami over the weekend. [PAR] Dressed in a skimpy white bikini, the 39-year-old was caught cuddling up to the tattooed musician - nine years her junior - on a giant sunbed at her exclusive hotel while on a break from filming her new comedy Marley & Me. [PAR] Scroll down for more... [PAR] Jennifer works on her tan. She has been in Miami recently filming Marley and Me [PAR] Sources say the pair were engaged in regular email flirtations before going public with their budding romance last week. [PAR] They were also seen sharing an intimate lunch date at Michael\'s Genuine Food & Drink in Miami on Friday before moving on to Casa Tua on South Beach. [PAR] Scroll down for more... [PAR] Heating up: Jennifer and John in Miami over the weekend [PAR] A source told Mail Online: "She\'s really into John, and the nine year age difference doesn\'t bother her for a second. Jen\'s already telling friends she\'s falling in love with this guy." [PAR] While John has since returned to New York while Jennifer continues filming in Florida, another beach rendezvous is on the cards. [PAR] Scroll down for more... [PAR] New romance: Jennifer cuddled up to the tattooed singer song writer, who is nine years her junior [PAR] The source added: "Jen\'s really hoping he can spend more time in Miami with her. She just wants to see a lot more of him. This was definitely not a one-off thing as far as she\'s concerned." [PAR] Before this romance, John dated a string of Hollywood stars including Jessica Simpson, Jennifer Love Hewitt and most recently, actress Minka Kelly. [PAR] Love Hewitt was rumoured to be the inspiration behind is 2003 Grammy winning track, Your Body Is a Wonderland. [PAR] Scroll down for more... [PAR] Summer loving: sources say Jennifer is really falling for John, whose ex girlfriends include Jessica Simpson and Jennifer Love Hewitt [PAR] After her high-profile divorce, Jennifer dated her Break-Up costar Vince Vaughn but the pair parted way in 2006 after a year-long romance. [PAR] Jennifer then had a brief romance with Essex bricklayer Paul Sculfor in May last year, but the relationship reportedly fizzled because of his demanding modelling schedule. [PAR] She has recently been linked to Sex and the City star Jason Lewis, her Traveling co-star Aaron Eckhart and Pirates of the Caribbean\'s Orlando Bloom.[DOC] [TLE] Katy Perry and John Mayer dating: Pictured together on ...Katy Perry and John Mayer dating: Pictured together on dinner date | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] He\'s dated stars including Jennifer Aniston, Taylor Swift and Jessica Simpson. [PAR] And now it seems that rumours John Mayer has found himself a new celebrity girlfriend in Katy Perry are true. [PAR] The pair were pictured enjoying a date night together at Pace restaurant in Los Angeles before moving on to the Chateau Marmont Hotel to continue their evening. [PAR] It\'s true then? Katy Perry and John Mayer, who are reported to be dating, were pictured together for the first time enjoying an evening out at Chateau Marmont in Los Angeles last night [PAR] What\'s so funny? The new couple were seen sharing a joke as they called it an evening'}, 'question': {'Whose relationships have been the subject of speculation in the celebrity press, and has been romantically linked with Jennifer Love Hewitt, Heidi Klum, Jessica Simpson, Minka Kelly and Jennifer Aniston?'}}

['john mayer']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Cigars Magazine - How to Store? - humidor, humidors, store ...Cigars Magazine - How to Store? - humidor, humidors, store cigar, how to store cigar, storing cigar, maintain cigar, hygrometer, cigar storage, cigar condition, keeping cigar, cigar box, storing accessories, accessories, humidity [PAR] Why should we store the cigar anyway? [PAR] In this installment we explore the ways cigar can maintain the freshness of their cigars. [PAR] In many ways, fine cigars are like wine, orchids or humans traveling in space. They are natural, organic and sensitive to their environment. They are the mature products of a carefully controlled combination of temperature and moisture. Cigars are hygroscopic in nature. In lay terms, this means that they will over time dry out when in a dry climate or absorb moisture in a humid one. And they will continue to do so until their own moisture content matches that of the ambient climate around them. [PAR] A damp cigar will not burn properly. Not only will it be difficult to keep lit, but also difficult to draw on. The smoke may become too dense leaving the smoker with a sour taste and a rank aroma. Also, over moist cigars will commonly split their wrappers. A dry cigar will burn too hot. Without the proper level of moisture, the combustion temperature of your cigar will be too high and the smoke will be hot and acrid against your palate. The smoke may become overly aggressive and you will lose many of the subtle nuances of flavor that a properly humidified cigar would of given you. Also, dry cigars will lead eventually to the early evaporation of their essential oils and reduce their overall flavor and aroma. [PAR] What are the ideal conditions for cigar storage? [PAR] Cigars are affected by light, temperature, humidity, and friction. Cigars should never be exposed to ultraviolet light (especially directly). Light will bleach the cigar wrapper, making it less elastic and more likely to tear or rip. Ultraviolet light also changes the molecular composition of the wrapper leaf in a rolled cigar. Direct light will also likely raise the temperature in your humidor. [PAR] Temperature is an important factor in cigar storage for two reasons: it affects humidity, and higher temperatures may make tobacco beetles active, allowing them to devour your cigars. Try to avoid temperatures above 75 degrees F in your humidor. (See below for more information on this dreaded pest.) [PAR] Humidity is relative to temperature, thus the term �relative humidity� (RH). Most people prefer their cigars at about 70% RH; however your cigars will not be harmed at levels ranging from 65% to 75% RH. [PAR] Warm air has a higher moisture capacity than cold air. All hygrometers measure the moisture content of the air at a given temperature. If you change the temperature in an enclosed space without changing the amount of moisture, the RH will change. For example, in the morning the hygrometer in your humidor indicates 70% (if it is a round, brass analog unit it could actually be between 60% and 80%) and the room temperature is about 72 degrees. As the day progresses, the temperature in the room rises to 80 degrees. If your humidor follows the room temperature, you will see that the hygrometer will indicate that the relative humidity has dropped to about 60%. Where did the moisture go? It didn\'t go away; rather, the elevated temperature has changed one of the criteria (temperature and humidity) that the hygrometer uses to indicate the Relative Humidity. The actual humidity or moisture content on your humidor is unchanged. [PAR] So how do we store our cigar? [PAR] Cigars were born in the tropics where the temperature is always warm, and the humidity was always high. Cigars like to live in an environment much like they were born in. The way to simulate that environment is with a humidor. [PAR] The Humidors [PAR] Why should I use a humidor? [PAR] The purpose of a humidor is to keep your cigars at their peak "smokability". The most crucial characteristic of a fine humidor is that it can provide a constant environment of about 68\''}, 'question': {'What are traditionally kept in a humidor?'}}

['cigars' 'cigar' 'cuban cigars' 'robusto']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Exploded Sheep or the Senselessness of War » 3:AM MagazineExploded Sheep or the Senselessness of War - 3:AM Magazine [PAR] 3:AM Magazine [PAR] Exploded Sheep or the Senselessness of War [PAR] Rodolfo Fogwill, Malvinas Requiem, Serpent’s Tail, 2007 [PAR] At a press conference, Borges encapsulated the futility of the Falklands War by famously describing it as “two bald men fighting over a comb”. Focusing on the desolate winter landscape and the bleak weather of the islands, Fogwill makes one of his characters remark: “You had to be British to want to come and freeze your butt off here”. Originally published in Spanish as Los Pichiciegos (1982), a term that refers to blind and nocturnal armadillos that live in burrows in northern Argentina, Malvinas Requiem (2007) tells the imaginary tale of a group of twenty-four young conscripts who have deserted from the Argentinean army and are hiding in a subterranean settlement, a warren dug by them and gradually extended to hoard supplies. They refer to themselves as the Armadillos. They focus on daily survival, their bodies, cigarettes, sugar, kerosene, diarrhoea, the stench, the pills and their own fear. They are waiting for the war to be over, while exchanging information with the Brits for cigarettes, chocolate, batteries. [PAR] We are plunged into this underground cave in the middle of nowhere, amid minefields and heaps of dead soldiers, as if we had missed the first ten minutes of a realist film. There is no context. Only trivial exchanges related to physical survival. We are soon faced with the absurd fact that even under these extraordinary circumstances there is a strong hierarchy ruling the Armadillo hole: The Four Kings. We don’t know where their power comes from. It seems a self-invested power. And the submission of the Armadillos seems the more poignant. Their exchanges offer little hints of interiority. They are a dissociated lot. There is a lack of empathy. They can’t stand pain. There is a collective consensus against having to endure the pain of others, who are left in the cold to freeze when ill. ‘Wounded’ means dead. And the only observation before heaps of corpses is that it is incredible that their watches keep on ticking. A macho rhetoric prevails. They swear, they speak in a simple language their inane thoughts. And yet it is the accumulation of banal dialogue and the sheer pragmatic nature of their survival that slowly builds intimacy with the rough world of these maroons. Missiles become an exciting and spectacular fireworks display, with the benefit of sure damage. However, there are a few occasional counterpoints to the absence of moral values, which point to a subjective ethical code, and as the novel proceeds, the narrator’s detached tone and the physical deterioration of the characters begin to spell out that their indifference might be a survival tool. [PAR] The senselessness of war is best captured by the magnificent indifference of the Armadillos towards the war that is going outside of the warren. They are outsiders to the war, holed up under the earth. Their lack of concern over the legitimacy of either the British or the Argentineans, is embodied by comments that undermine both sides. The Brits (not English, but Scots, Welsh and Ghurkhas) are only ‘worse’ since they are better trained, tougher bastards and, unlike the Argentinean soldiers, they are actually paid for it. The Armadillos belong to neither side, they commerce with both and they are aware that they can be fucked over by either. It must be remembered that on the one hand there is the President of the last military dictatorship, General Galtieri, described as thick as a brick since he thought that war would be won, and on the other, Margaret Thatcher. And so, the Armadillos represent a familiar third space: the space of those who are not represented by either side, who do not believe in sides and whose sole power resides in absenteeism. [PAR] If corpses and the absence of moral values punctuate the landscape with the senselessness of war, it is the landmines covered with exploded sheep which foregrounds its brutality, as a cartoon-like description features a sheep first suspended in mid-air'}, 'question': {'"What war was described as ""the equivalent of two bald men fighting over a comb""?"'}}

['falklands war']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Prince HamletPrince Hamlet is the title character and protagonist of William Shakespeare\'s tragedy Hamlet. He is the Prince of Denmark, nephew to the usurping Claudius, and son of King Hamlet, the previous King of Denmark. At the beginning of the play, he struggles with whether, and how, to avenge the murder of his father, and struggles with his own sanity along the way. By the end of the tragedy, Hamlet has caused the deaths of Polonius, Laertes, Claudius, and two acquaintances of his from the University of Wittenberg Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. He is also indirectly involved in the deaths of his love Ophelia (drowning) and of his mother Gertrude (poisoned by Claudius by mistake). [PAR] Role in the play [PAR] The play opens with Hamlet deeply depressed over the recent death of his father, King Hamlet, and his uncle Claudius\' ascension to the throne and hasty marriage to Hamlet\'s mother Gertrude. One night, his father\'s ghost appears to him and tells him that Claudius murdered him in order to usurp the throne, and commands his son to avenge his death. [PAR] Claudius sends for two of Hamlet\'s friends from Wittenberg, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, to find out what is causing Hamlet so much pain. Claudius and his advisor Polonius convince Ophelia—Polonius\' daughter and Hamlet\'s true love—to speak with Hamlet while they secretly listen. Hamlet enters, contemplating suicide ("To be, or not to be"). Ophelia greets him, and offers to return his remembrances, upon which Hamlet questions her honesty and tells her to "get thee to a nunnery." [PAR] Hamlet devises a test to see whether Claudius is guilty: he hires a group of actors to perform a play about the murder of a king in front of the royal court, and has Horatio gauge Claudius\' reaction. Claudius demands the play be stopped half through because it is the cause of his guilty conscience. When Claudius leaves the audience deeply upset, Hamlet knows that the ghost was telling the truth. He follows Claudius into his chambers in order to kill him, but stops when he sees his uncle praying; he does not want to kill Claudius while he is in a state of grace because Hamlet wants Claudius to suffer I purgatory and Claudius has just attempted to cleanse his sin through confession. A second attempt on Claudius\' life ends in Polonius\' accidental death. [PAR] Claudius, now fearing for his life, sends Hamlet to England, accompanied (and closely watched) by Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. Alone, Claudius discloses that he is actually sending Hamlet to his death. Prior to embarking for England, Hamlet hides Polonius\' body, ultimately revealing its location to the King. Meanwhile, her father\'s death has driven Ophelia insane with grief, and Claudius convinces her brother Laertes that Hamlet is to blame. He proposes a fencing match between the two. Laertes informs the king that he will further poison the tip of his sword so that a mere scratch would mean certain death. Claudius plans to offer Hamlet poisoned wine if that fails. Gertrude enters to report that Ophelia has killed herself. [PAR] In the Elsinore churchyard, two "clowns", typically represented as "gravediggers," enter to prepare Ophelia\'s grave. Hamlet arrives with Horatio and banters with one of them, who unearths the skull of a jester whom Hamlet once knew, Yorick. Ophelia\'s funeral procession approaches, led by Laertes. Hamlet interrupts, professing his own love and grief for Ophelia. He and Laertes grapple, but the fight is broken up by Claudius and Gertrude. [PAR] Later that day, Hamlet tells Horatio how he escaped death on his journey, disclosing that Rosencrantz and Guildenstern have been sent to their deaths instead. A courtier, Osric, interrupts to invite Hamlet to fence with Laertes. Despite Horatio\'s warnings, Hamlet accepts and the match begins. After several rounds, Gertrude toasts Hamlet, accidentally drinking the wine he poisoned. Between bouts, Laertes attacks and pierces Hamlet with his poisoned blade; in the ensuing scuffle, Hamlet is able to use Laertes\' own poisoned sword against him. Gertrude falls and, in her dying breath, announces that she'}, 'question': {'"""Hamlet"" is largely set where?"'}}

['elsinore']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Fauna – Page 1 – IMC PhotoFauna – Page 1 – IMC Photo [PAR] · Updated [PAR] December 21, 2013 [PAR] Canada has multiple ecosystems, ranging from lush forests of British Columbia, the prairies of Western Canada, to the tundra of the Northern Canada. With a large land mass, and small population density, the wildlands of Canada provide important habitat for many animals, both endangered and not. Canada is home to approximately 70.000 known species of plants and animals – and perhaps many more that have yet to be discovered. [PAR] More than 400 species are listed as being at risk of extinction in Canada. The regions with the most endangered or threatened species are those in which humans have had the greatest impact on the environment. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] The brown bear (Ursus arctos) is a large bear distributed across much of northern Eurasia and North America. Adult bears generally weigh between 100 and 635 kg and its largest subspecies, the Kodiak bear, rivals the polar bear as the largest member of the bear family and as the largest land-based predator. [PAR] The brown bear’s principal range includes parts of Russia, the United States (mostly Alaska), Canada, the Carpathian region (especially Romania), but also Ukraine, Slovakia, Poland and so on, the Balkans, Sweden and Finland, where it is the national animal. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] The bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) is a species of sheep in North America named for its large horns. These horns can weigh up to 30 lb (14 kg), while the sheep themselves weigh up to 300 lb (140 kg). Sheep originally crossed to North America over the Bering land bridge from Siberia: the population in North America peaked in the millions, and the bighorn sheep entered into the mythology of Native Americans. [PAR] By 1900, the population had crashed to several thousand. Bighorns from the Rocky Mountains are relatively large, with males that occasionally exceed 500 lb (230 kg) and females that exceed 200 lb (90 kg). Bighorn sheep generally inhabit alpine meadows, grassy mountain slopes, and foothill country near rugged, rocky cliffs and bluffs. [PAR] The American bison, also commonly known as the American buffalo, is a North American species of bison that once roamed the grasslands of North America in massive herds, became nearly extinct by a combination of commercial hunting and slaughter in the 19th century and introduction of bovine diseases from domestic cattle, and has made a recent resurgence largely restricted to a few national parks and reserves. [PAR] The wood bison is one of the largest wild species of bovid in the world, surpassed by only the Asian gaur and wild Asian water buffalo. It is the largest extant land animal in North America. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] The moose (North America) or Eurasian elk (Europe) (Alces alces) is the largest extant species in the deer family. Moose are distinguished by the palmate antlers of the males; other members of the family have antlers with a dendritic (“twig-like”) configuration. Moose typically inhabit boreal and mixed deciduous forests of the Northern Hemisphere in temperate to subarctic climates. Moose used to have a much wider range but hunting and other human activities greatly reduced it over the years. [PAR] Canada Jay is a member of the crow and jay family (Corvidae) found in the boreal forests across North America north to the tree-line and in subalpine forests of the Rocky Mountains south to New Mexico and Arizona. The vast majority of Gray Jays live where there is a strong presence of one or more of black spruce, white spruce, Englemann spruce, jack pine, or lodgepole pine. Gray Jays do not inhabit the snowy, coniferous, and therefore seemingly appropriate Sierra Nevada of California where no spruce and neither of the two named pines occur. [PAR] \xa0[DOC] [TLE] Himalayan Brown Bear | The brown bear (Ursus arctos) is a ...Himalayan Brown Bear | The brown bear (Ursus arctos) is a la… | Flickr [PAR] Zahoor Ahmed By: Zahoor Ahmed [PAR] Himalayan Brown Bear [PAR] The brown bear (Ursus arctos) is a large bear distributed across much of northern Eurasia and North America. It can weigh'}, 'question': {'What animal is native to Russia, the USA (especially Alaska), Canada, the Carpathian region (especially Romania), and Finland, where it is the national animal?'}}

['ursus arctos' 'brown bear']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Christmas stocking | Define Christmas ... - Dictionary.comChristmas stocking | Define Christmas stocking at Dictionary.com [PAR] Christmas stocking [PAR] noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] a stocking or stocking-shaped bag traditionally hung on a mantelpiece or Christmas tree by children on Christmas Eve to hold small gifts that Santa Claus is credited with bringing. [PAR] Origin of Christmas stocking [PAR] Examples from the Web for Christmas stocking [PAR] Expand [PAR] Highacres Jane Abbott [PAR] There wasn't a moment to be lost, she told him excitedly, like a child waiting to open her Christmas stocking. [PAR] British Dictionary definitions for Christmas stocking [PAR] Expand [PAR] noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] a stocking hung up by children on Christmas Eve for Santa Claus to fill with presents [PAR] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [PAR] © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins [PAR] Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 [PAR] People invent new words all the time, but which ones actually make it? [PAR] Word of the Day[DOC] [TLE] Christmas stocking | Definition, meaning & more | Collins ...Christmas stocking | Definition, meaning & more | Collins Dictionary [PAR] Christmas stocking for learners of EnglishPowered by COBUILD [PAR] Word forms: plural Christmas stockings [PAR] Definitions [PAR] countable noun [PAR] A Christmas stocking is a long sock which children hang up on Christmas Eve. During the night , parents fill the stocking with small presents. [PAR] COBUILD Advanced English Dictionary. Copyright © HarperCollins Publishers [PAR] Christmas stocking[DOC] [TLE] Christmas stockings - definition of Christmas stockings by ...Christmas stockings - definition of Christmas stockings by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Christmas stockings - definition of Christmas stockings by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Christmas+stockings [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Wikipedia . [PAR] Related to Christmas stockings: Pinterest [PAR] Christmas stocking [PAR] n [PAR] a stocking hung up by children on Christmas Eve for Santa Claus to fill with presents [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] 1. [PAR] Christmas stocking - a stocking that is filled with small Christmas presents [PAR] stocking - close-fitting hosiery to cover the foot and leg; come in matched pairs (usually used in the plural) [PAR] Translations [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] stuffed [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] MORE than 400 of the tiniest Christmas stockings ever made took centre stage as Britain's randiest rodent celebrated the season yesterday. [PAR] Tiny treats for romeo's huge family; GUINEA PIG SIRED MORE THAN 400 AFTER A NIGHT OF PASSION [PAR] Stockings Everyone knows the age-old tale of Christmas stockings - you put them out on Christmas Eve in the hope that, if you've been good, Santa Claus will fill it up with treats. [PAR] Scarlet fever, stockings and skis [PAR] feeling that women up on Christmas Day find things buzz wiggle in I have a fee if some w wake u Christ to fin that and w their Chris stock next i migh titl Christmas stockings, the instalment might be titled Fifty Shades of Huff. [PAR] Copyright © 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc [PAR] Disclaimer [PAR] All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. [PAR] \xa0[DOC] [TLE] Christmas stocking - definition of Christmas stocking by ...Christmas stocking - definition of Christmas stocking by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Christmas stocking - definition of Christmas stocking by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Christmas+stocking [PAR] Also found in: Thesaurus , Wikipedia . [PAR] Christmas stocking [PAR] n [PAR] a stocking hung up by children on Christmas Eve for Santa Claus to fill with presents [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] 1. [PAR] Christmas stocking - a stocking that is filled with small Christmas presents [PAR] stocking - close-fitting hosiery to cover the foot and leg; come in matched pairs (usually used in the plural) [PAR] Translations [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to"}, 'question': {'What are traditionally hung up on Christmas night for Santa Claus to fill with presents?'}}

['stocking' 'stockings']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] The Siege of Paris during the Franco-Prussian War | eHISTORYThe Siege of Paris during the Franco-Prussian War | eHISTORY [PAR] The Siege of Paris during the Franco-Prussian War [PAR] Roberto Naranjo [PAR] Through the first half of 1870 a confrontational fever with Germany spread throughout France. On July 15 Emperor Napoleon III led his nation "into one of the most disastrous wars in her history." (1) The Franco-Prussian conflict did not officially commence until July 19, 1870. In the course of its first weeks it produced a series of demoralizing defeats for the French. The army of Napoleon III "went to war ill-equipped, badly led, trained and organized, and with inferior numbers." (2) On August 19, one French army was trapped in the fortress of Metz and on September 1, the Empire of Napoleon III came crushing down when a second army was captured at Sedan with the Emperor himself. Three days later the news reached Paris and the fall of the Empire was proclaimed. The Empress left for England and a provisional government took power. (3) For the next five months, the "city of lights," as Parisians had proudly proclaimed "the center of the universe," was transformed. It became an army camp--French soldiers, National Guardsmen, volunteers-within, Prussian forces without. Luxuries, and then basic necessities slowly disappeared. Food became scarce, and the inhabitants resorted to edibles normally associated with other species. The government under General Trochu and leaders like Victor Hugo, Jules Favre, and Adolphe Thiers, tried to govern internal as well as external pressures. Finally, on January 27, an armistice was signed. It brought temporary calm to the capital, before the storm of the Paris commune and the second siege arrived. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] The new government in Paris, after the defeat at Sedan, was composed in part by publicists, politicians, lawyers, and teachers who had opposed Louis Napoleon\'s coup d\'etat in 1851. "The Government of National Defense" was the official title, and nearly all kinds of political opinions were included, with the exception of the Bonapartists. The actual power rested with the Legitimists, Orleanists, and other conservatives. General Trochu, military governor of Paris and an Orleanist, held the presidency. Others included Leon Gambetta-minister of the Interior, General Le Flo- Minister for War, Jules Favre-Minister of Foreign Affairs and vice-president, Victor Hugo, Count Henri Rochefort-journalist and political enemy of Napoleon III who spent many years in prison, and Adolphe Thiers-the old minister of Louis Phillipe who went on diplomatic missions for the new republic. (4) Besides the day-to-day operation of the government, the three main objectives of the Government of National Defense were the procurement of a favorable peace treaty, enlistment of the aid of foreign powers, and the military preparation of Paris. The first objective got off to a bad start on September 6 when Jules Favre announced, "France would not give up an inch of her territory nor a stone of her fortresses." (5) This attitude went counter to that of Otto Von Bismarck, Chancellor of Germany, who saw the cession of territory as being as indispensable to the Prussians as it was inadmissible to the French. Bismarck demanded the immediate turnover of Alsace-Lorraine as well as Metz, Strasbourg, and Mont-Valerien (the fortress commanding Paris). Bismarck\'s proposals were rejected and the government was forced to defend the city and continue the war. Negotiations continued; however, nothing concrete came out of them until the end of January when Jules Favre was sent to Versailles to discuss the terms of armistice. By this time Paris had been bombarded, food and other essential stores were nearly exhausted, and Prussian victories throughout the rest of France were a daily occurrence. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] The armistice was to set up the preliminary conditions for a peace treaty to be signed. Its terms included the surrender of all French fortifications, except those serving as prisons; laying down their weapons with the exception of the Army which was to act independently for the maintenance of order'}, 'question': {'Which army besieged Paris from 18 September 1870 for 4 months?'}}

['prussian']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] IdahoIdaho is a state in the northwestern region of the United States. Idaho is the 14th largest, the 39th most populous, and the 7th least densely populated of the 50 United States. The estimated population is 1,654,930 and the state has an area of 83569 sqmi. The state\'s largest city and capital is Boise. Residents are called "Idahoans". Idaho was admitted to the Union on July 3, 1890, as the 43rd state. [PAR] Idaho is a mountainous state with an area larger than that of all of New England. It borders the US states of Montana to the northeast, Wyoming to the east, Nevada and Utah to the south, and Washington and Oregon to the west. To the north, it shares a 45\xa0mi (72\xa0km) international border with the Canadian province of British Columbia, the shortest such land border of any state. The network of dams and locks on the Columbia River and Snake River make the city of Lewiston the farthest inland seaport on the Pacific coast of the contiguous United States. [PAR] Idaho\'s nickname is the "Gem State", because nearly every known type of gemstone has been found there. In addition, Idaho is one of only two places in the world where star garnets can be found in any significant quantities, the other being India. Idaho is sometimes called the "Potato State" owing to its popular and widely distributed crop. The state motto is Esto Perpetua (Latin for "Let it be forever" or "Let it endure forever"). [PAR] Etymology [PAR] The exact origin of the name remains a mystery. In the early 1860s, when the United States Congress was considering organizing a new territory in the Rocky Mountains, eccentric lobbyist George M. Willing suggested the name "Idaho", which he claimed was derived from a Shoshone language term meaning "the sun comes from the mountains" or "gem of the mountains". Willing later claimed that he had simply invented the name. Congress ultimately decided to name the area Colorado Territory when it was created in February 1861. Thinking they would get a jump on the name, locals named a community in Colorado "Idaho Springs". [PAR] However, the name "Idaho" did not fall into obscurity. The same year Congress created Colorado Territory, a county called Idaho County was created in eastern Washington Territory. The county was named after a steamship named Idaho, which was launched on the Columbia River in 1860. It is unclear whether the steamship was named before or after Willing\'s claim was revealed. Regardless, a portion of Washington Territory, including Idaho County, was used to create Idaho Territory in 1863. [PAR] Despite this lack of evidence for the origin of the name, many textbooks well into the 20th\xa0century repeated as fact Willing\'s account that the name "Idaho" derived from the Shoshone term "ee-da-how". [PAR] The name "Idaho" may be derived from the Plains Apache word "ídaahę́", which means "enemy." The Comanches used this word to refer to the Idaho Territory. [PAR] A 1956 Idaho history textbook says:"Idaho" is a Shoshoni Indian exclamation. The word consists of three parts. The first is "Ee", which in English conveys the idea of "coming down". The second is "dah" which is the Shoshoni stem or root for both "sun" and "mountain". The third syllable, "how", denotes the exclamation and stands for the same thing in Shoshoni that the exclamation mark (!) does in the English language. The Shoshoni word is "Ee-dah-how", and the Indian thought thus conveyed when translated into English means, "Behold! the sun coming down the mountain. [PAR] According to local knowledge, the name Idaho originated from the Nez Perce language and stands for "the Land of many Waters", a kidney-shaped drainage area in north central Idaho in which a multitude of rivers come together. These rivers include the Snake, the Salmon, the Clearwater, North Fork Clearwater River, the Selway, and more'}, 'question': {'What is the capital of the US state of Idaho?'}}

['boise']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Camelot, King Arthur & the Knights of the Round TableCamelot, King Arthur & the Knights of the Round Table [PAR] Camelot, King Arthur & the Knights of the Round Table [PAR] By Owen Jarus, Live Science Contributor | [PAR] April 23, 2013 07:27pm ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] King Arthur and his knights return to Camelot after a tournament. This image is from a 14th-century manuscript. [PAR] Credit: Public domain [PAR] Camelot was a mythical castled city, said to be located in Great Britain, where King Arthur held court. It was the center of the Kingdom of Logres and in Arthurian legend would become the location of the round table that held 150 knights. [PAR] French origins [PAR] Although mentioned briefly in a 12th-century poem by Chrétien de Troyes, the earliest detailed description of Camelot would emerge during the 13th century in a series of French romances we call the Vulgate and Post-Vulgate cycles. [PAR] “In the thirteenth-century Vulgate Cycle, Camelot becomes the principal city of Arthur\'s realm and remains so in many, though certainly not all, later texts,” writes a team of University of Rochester researchers working on the Camelot project . [PAR] Researcher Norris Lacy writes that the Vulgate Cycle was composed between 1215 and 1235 by an anonymous author or group of authors. “This cycle of five imposing romances can only be termed monumental, owing in equal measure to its enormous length, its complexity and literary value and influence,” she writes in the preface to the five volume book "Lancelot-Grail: The Old French Arthurian Vulgate and Post-Vulgate in Translation" (Garland Publishing, 1993). [PAR] “The romances run to several thousand pages of text, and they offer many hundreds of characters and countless adventures intricately interlaced with one another.” She also notes that the Post-Vulgate Cycle was written shortly afterward, again by an anonymous author. [PAR] In these cycles, Camelot would be discussed in detail. The text says, in translation, that it “was the city most full of adventures that ever was ...” Although located in Great Britain, its world was a place that included magicians, giants, dragons and, of course, many knights. [PAR] Early Camelot [PAR] The story of Camelot starts with Joseph of Arimathea, who according to the Bible donated his tomb for the burial of Jesus. According to a Vulgate story, he came to Britain and then to Camelot, finding it to be an Islamic city. [PAR] “It was the richest of the Saracen cities in Great Britain, and it was so important that the pagan kings were crowned there, and its mosque was larger and taller than in any other city,” part of the text reads (translation by Carol Chase). [PAR] Joseph succeeded in converting more than 1,000 of its inhabitants to Christianity. Its king, a leader named Agrestes, who is described as being the “cruelest man in the world,” falsely converted. After Joseph leaves, Agrestes persecutes the Christians, eventually going completely mad and throwing himself into a fire. [PAR] Joseph then returns and sees that Camelot has converted to Christianity, “in the middle of the city he had the Church of St. Stephen the Martyr built,” the text reads. This building would remain Camelot’s largest church throughout the Vulgate cycles with additional, smaller, churches also being built. [PAR] Camelot in King Arthur’s time [PAR] Camelot was a city surrounded by forests and meadows with plenty of open space for knightly tournaments (which were held frequently). When a tournament was held, wooden reviewing stands for the ladies and maidens would be set up, one of which is mentioned as running for half a league (about 2.5 kilometers). [PAR] The text said that Camelot was a “rich and well provided town” but offers few details as to its layout or exact size. It was small enough that during a particularly lavish court so many barons and nobles came that “not a tenth of them could be lodged in the city of Camelot, and the others found shelter in the meadowland, which was wide and beautiful, in tents and pavilions,” (translation by Rupert Pickens). [PAR] The'}, 'question': {'Camelot was the legendary court of whom?'}}

['arthurian legends' 'arthurian legend' 'arthurian' 'king arthur']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Don Juan eBook by Lord Byron - 1230000305119 | KoboDon Juan eBook by Lord Byron - 1230000305119 | Kobo [PAR] Or, get it for 2400 Kobo Super Points! [PAR] See if you have enough points for this eBook. Sign in [PAR] Other books in this series [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] Don Juan is a satiric poem by Lord Byron, based on the legend of Don Juan, which Byron reverses, portraying Juan not as a womaniser but as someone easily seduced by women. It is a variation on the epic form. Byron himself called it an "Epic Satire" (Don Juan, c. xiv, st. 99). Byron completed 16 cantos, leaving an unfinished 17th canto before his death in 1824. Byron claimed he had no ideas in his mind as to what would happen in subsequent cantos as he wrote his work. [PAR] When the first two cantos were published anonymously in 1819, the poem was criticised for its \'immoral content\', though it was also immensely popular. [PAR] People who read this also enjoyed[DOC] [TLE] Don Juan Essay - Don Juan, Lord Byron - eNotes.comDon Juan Essay - Don Juan, Lord Byron - eNotes.com [PAR] Don Juan Essay - Don Juan, Lord Byron [PAR] Don Juan Lord Byron [PAR] English long poem, 1819-1824, written by George Gorden Noel, Lord Byron. [PAR] The following entry presents criticism on Byron\'s Don Juan from 1945 to 2000. See also, Manfred Criticism. [PAR] Don Juan (1819-24) is considered Byron\'s foremost achievement and one of English literature\'s great long poems. Variously described as a satire, epic, and novel in verse, the unfinished work defies critical categorization despite the consensus that it contains some of the sharpest social criticism in the English language. Writing in an animated style, Byron utilized a variety of narrative perspectives to comment on a wide range of concerns, including liberty, tyranny, war, love, sexuality, hypocrisy, and the mores of high society. The poet\'s ironic observations and brutally candid portrayal of human weaknesses garnered widespread condemnation from his contemporaries, who subjected Don Juan and its author to an unforgiving and almost relentless campaign of personal slander and critical abuse. Today, however, critics regard Byron\'s complex, profoundly skeptical yet often humorous work as a remarkable anticipation of both the mood and thematic occupations of modern literature. [PAR] Biographical Information [PAR] The unique relationship between Byron and his audience that later played an important role in the reception of Don Juan began with the publication of the first two cantos of Childe Harold\'s Pilgrimage: A Romaunt (1812). When Childe Harold appeared in the spring of 1812, Byron became England\'s most celebrated author virtually overnight, gaining access to the country\'s highest social and literary circles. The close association in the public mind between Byron and his protagonists, first established in Childe Harold, continued throughout the poet\'s career and profoundly affected the critical reception of later works, especially Don Juan. [PAR] Byron continued to enjoy unyielding public adoration for several years following the publication of Childe Harold, attending exclusive social events and carrying on a series of affairs with married women, notably Lady Caroline Lamb and Lady Jane Oxford. In 1815 he married Annabella Milbanke, who left him just over a year later. The couple\'s separation has been the subject of extensive research, and some biographers have suggested that an affair between Byron and his half-sister Augusta Leigh prior to the marriage caused the estrangement. The breakup of the marriage and rumors about Byron\'s conduct drew scorn in his social circle, and Byron found himself snubbed by his peers and chastised in the press. Byron and Milbanke officially separated on April 21, 1816. Four days later, Byron left England forever. [PAR] Byron\'s meteoric rise to fame and equally abrupt exile hardened him against a society whose rigid notions of decorum had always aroused his suspicion. The poet was able to channel his acute awareness of social mores into his writing, and he produced his first satirical work in October 1817, while living in northern Italy. Beppo: A Venetian Story (1818) offers light, humorous criticism of Venetian morality and customs, and is largely regarded as a precursor to the stanzaic form'}, 'question': {'"Who left the satiric poem ""Don Juan"" unfinished after his death in 1824?"'}}

['byron' 'lord byron']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] GP | definition of GP by Medical dictionaryGP | definition of GP by Medical dictionary [PAR] GP | definition of GP by Medical dictionary [PAR] http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/GP [PAR] General practitioner Medical practice A physician in general practice [PAR] GP [PAR] n.pr general practitioner, medical doctor. [PAR] Patient discussion about GP [PAR] Q. My GP told me I suffer from osteo-arthritis. What does it mean? I am a 67 year old female that is in retirement. I went to my GP because I suffer from osteo-arthritis. What does it mean? I always thought that arthritis is a systemic disease and that it is called Rheumatoid arthritis. Are there really two different arthritis diseases or is it two names for the same situation? [PAR] A. There are several diffent types of arthritis and the type your doctor says you have can also be helped by taking glucosatrin or glucosamine.There is also a natural anti-inflammatory called OPC-3 that will REALLY help with the pain. Research it on the internet. Since it\'s all natural, it won\'t harm your liver like a lot of pain medicine can. [PAR] Q. Our GP said that I have a greater risk for joint disease because I am HLA-B27 + . what is he talking about? My mom and dad have a spondyloarthropathy. they went to our GP and he did us some genetic tests and said that I am HLA-B27 positive, and that i have a greater risk for several diseases. what kind of diseases is he talking about? [PAR] A. HLA-B27 is a part of our immune system. Some of us )like me) have this gene and some of us don\'t have it. The fact you have this gene says you might have some diseases. [PAR] Those diseases are mainly arthritis for its kinds and inflammatory bowel diseases (witch I have and its totally manageable. [PAR] if your parents have only spondyloarthropathy I guess you can expect you will have a spondyloarthropathy too. [PAR] Go to your GP and ask him to explain you more about this.[DOC] [TLE] MedicineMedicine (British English; American English) is the science and practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. The word medicine is derived from Latin medicus, meaning "a physician". Medicine encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness. Contemporary medicine applies biomedical sciences, biomedical research, genetics, and medical technology to diagnose, treat, and prevent injury and disease, typically through pharmaceuticals or surgery, but also through therapies as diverse as psychotherapy, external splints and traction, medical devices, biologics, and ionizing radiation, amongst others. [PAR] Medicine has existed for thousands of years, during most of which it was an art (an area of skill and knowledge) frequently having connections to the religious and philosophical beliefs of local culture. For example, a medicine man would apply herbs and say prayers for healing, or an ancient philosopher and physician would apply bloodletting according to the theories of humorism. In recent centuries, since the advent of modern science, most medicine has become a combination of art and science (both basic and applied, under the umbrella of medical science). While stitching technique for sutures is an art learned through practice, the knowledge of what happens at the cellular and molecular level in the tissues being stitched arises through science. [PAR] Prescientific forms of medicine are now known as traditional medicine and folk medicine. They remain commonly used with or instead of scientific medicine and are thus called alternative medicine. For example, evidence on the effectiveness of acupuncture is "variable and inconsistent" for any condition, but is generally safe when done by an appropriately trained practitioner. In contrast, treatments outside the bounds of safety and efficacy are termed quackery. [PAR] Clinical practice [PAR] Medical availability and clinical practice varies across the world due to regional differences in culture and technology. Modern scientific medicine is highly developed in the Western world, while in developing countries such as parts of Africa or Asia, the population may rely more heavily on traditional medicine with limited evidence and efficacy and no required formal training for practitioners. Even in the developed world however, evidence-based'}, 'question': {'"In medicine, what does ""GP"" mean?"'}}

['general practice' 'general practitioner']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] London City Airport (LCY) to Wembley Stadium by Train ...London City Airport (LCY) to Wembley Stadium by Train, Tube, Taxi, Car, Towncar, Uber [PAR] London City Airport (LCY) to Wembley Stadium [PAR] Train, Tube[DOC] [TLE] Getting to Wembley Stadium | News Archive - Arsenal.comGetting to Wembley Stadium | News Archive | News | Arsenal.com [PAR] Getting to Wembley Stadium [PAR] Full details of National Rail train times are available at\xa0 www.nationalrail.co.uk [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Information relating to London Underground, London Overground or London Buses services are available at\xa0 http://journeyplanner.tfl.gov.uk or by phoning\xa0020 7222 1234. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Please remember to plan your journey in advance checking for planned engineering works or service alterations which may impact your journey to and from Wembley Stadium. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Supporters are advised to allow sufficient time to complete your rail journey home after the match. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] To avoid ticket office queues when leaving Wembley Stadium, we recommend you buy your Tube ticket as part of your National Rail ticket. Alternatively, buy an Oyster card online in advance. Using an Oyster card is the quickest and cheapest way to travel when using the London Underground or selected National Rail services including Chiltern Railways. Wembley Park and Wembley Central Stations are in Zone 4. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Visit\xa0 www.tfl.gov.uk/oyster \xa0for more information. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Wembley Stadium is served by three stations, as follows: [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Wembley Park station [PAR] The station is served by the Jubilee and Metropolitan Underground Lines. On exiting the station, follow the pedestrian route along Olympic Way to the front of Wembley Stadium. Allow for a 10 minute walk. After the match, the only way you can get into the Wembley Park station is via Olympic Way, which has a comprehensive crowd management system implemented to control the flow of people into the station. Please allow for up to 30 minutes of queuing following the match. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Wembley Stadium station [PAR] Use Wembley Stadium station for Chiltern Railways services from the Midlands, Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire and London Marylebone. Wembley Stadium station is located on the south side of the stadium with access from South Way. Please allow for a 5 minute walk. After the match, a comprehensive crowd management system is implemented to control the flow into the station. Please allow 10 –15 minutes to queue for services from this station post event. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Further information on Chiltern Railways services is available at\xa0 www.chilternrailways.co.uk \xa0\xa0 [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Wembley Central station [PAR] Wembley Central station is served by the London Overground and National Rail Lines. On exiting Wembley Central station, turn right and walk in an easterly direction along the High Road, past McDonalds and Burger King, to the Wembley Triangle junction and Clock Tower Island. Turn left into Wembley Hill Road, cross the road and follow the pedestrian route across the White Horse Bridge. Allow for a 15 minute walk. Please note that Virgin Trains DO NOT stop at this Wembley Central station. After the event, a crowd management system is implemented to control the flow into the station. Please allow 15 -20 minutes to queue to get back to this station. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Other London termini information to and from Wembley Stadium: [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] London King’s Cross [PAR] Supporters should travel from King’s Cross/St. Pancras station to Wembley Park station using the Metropolitan Line. Allow 45 minutes to reach Wembley Stadium from London King’s Cross. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Supporters returning to London King’s Cross are advised to travel from Wembley Park station on the Metropolitan Line to King’s Cross/St Pancras station then travel on National Rail routes from there. Allow 45 minutes to travel from Wembley Park station to London King’s Cross. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] London Liverpool Street [PAR] Supporters should travel from Liverpool Street station to Wembley Park station using the London Underground Metropolitan Line. Allow 60 minutes to reach Wembley Stadium from London Liverpool Street. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Supporters returning to London Liverpool Street are advised to travel from Wembley Park station on the London Underground Metropolitan Line to Liverpool Street station and then travel on National Rail routes from there. Allow 60 minutes to travel from Wembley Park to London Liverpool Street. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] London Victoria [PAR] Supporters should travel from Victoria'}, 'question': {'Wembley Stadium is in what city?'}}

['london']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Women at the Olympic Games - Topend SportsWomen at the Olympic Games [PAR] Home > Events > Olympics > Summer > History > Women [PAR] Women at the Olympic Games [PAR] It has been a long road to equality for women at the Olympic Games, and it is still continuing. [PAR] Participation in the Ancient Olympic Games was limited to male athletes only. The only way women were able to take part was to enter horses in the equestrian events. There are records of several winning women horse owners.\xa0As the owner of the horse teams, they were credited with the victory, though they were most likely not present at the events. [PAR] Even in the early years of the modern Olympics, women were not well represented (consequently a rival Women\'s Olympics was held). Women participated for the first time at the 1900 Paris Games with the inclusion of women\'s events in lawn tennis and golf. Women\'s athletics and gymnastics debuted at the 1928 Olympics. Over time more women\'s events were added. In 2012, women\'s boxing was introduced, resulting in no remaining sports that do not include events for women. [PAR] Equality in the available sports is one thing, but in many countries women do not have equal rights to participate in sports and the opportunity to participate in the Olympic Games. Prior to the 2012 Olympics in London, three Muslim countries have never before sent a female athlete: Qatar, Brunei, and Saudi Arabia. However, they all bowed to IOC pressure and sent female athletes to London. Now every national Olympic committee has sent women to the Olympic Games, a small step. [PAR] Milestones [PAR] At the first modern Olympic Games in Athens 1896 , no women competed, as de Coubertin felt that their inclusion would be "impractical, uninteresting, unaesthetic, and incorrect." [PAR] Women first competed at the 1900 Paris Games. Women were allowed to compete in lawn tennis and golf, though there were three French women competing in croquet and there was at least one woman sailor as part of mixed crews. It is commonly believed that first woman to win an Olympic event was England\'s Charlotte Cooper, who won the tennis singles title, however Swiss sailor Hélène de Pourtalès won a gold medal as part of a team in sailing earlier than this. (see more firsts , and more on Pourtalès ) [PAR] Here are the first women competitors in the Modern Olympic Games of 1900, in chronological order were [PAR] May 22 - Helen de Pourtales, Switzerland (Yachting) [PAR] May 31 - Elvira Guerra, France (Equestrian). There may have been another woman also competing in the equestrian events. [PAR] Jun 28 - Mme Ohnier, Madame Depres, and Mme Filleaul Brohy, France (Croquet) [PAR] July 11 - winner Charlotte Cooper, Great Britain (Tennis) plus other female competitors. [PAR] Oct 3 - winner Margaret Abbott, USA (Golf) plus other female competitors. [PAR] Women competed in swimming events for the first time in 1912, but none of them were from America, which did not allow its female athletes to compete in events without long skirts. The first women\'s swimming gold medal was won by the Australian Sarah \'Fanny\' Durack, who won the 100m freestyle in 1912. [PAR] In 1928, women competed in track and field events for the first time; however, so many collapsed at the end of the 800-meter race that the event was banned until 1960. [PAR] Women\'s shooting events were first included in the Olympics in 1984. There were three events, three position rifle, air rifle and sport pistol. [PAR] In 1996, a women\'s only sport was introduced - Softball (softball is no longer part of the Olympic program) [PAR] The 2000 Olympics was the first time that women were allowed to compete in the Olympics in weightlifting. [PAR] A women\'s wrestling competition was introduced in 2004. Women compete in freestyle wrestling , but not greco-roman. [PAR] There are only two Olympic sports where men and women compete directly against each other; equestrian and sailing , though in sailing it is now only in'}, 'question': {'When did women first compete in the Olympics in gymnastics?'}}

['1928']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] What is another name for the windpipe? | Reference.comWhat is another name for the windpipe? | Reference.com [PAR] What is another name for the windpipe? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] The windpipe is called the trachea. It is a narrow tube that allows air to pass from the nose to the lungs. The trachea is divided into two bronchi, and each trachea is attached to the lungs. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] All air-breathing creatures have a windpipe, or a trachea. The trachea is made up of several incomplete ring-like structures. The trachea is made from cartilage rather than soft tissue. [PAR] The food pipe, or the gullet, is located next to the windpipe. The food pipe has a lid-like structure called the epiglottis that prevents food from entering the trachea. It opens only when food is swallowed. This allows air to enter the trachea rather than the gullet. This also ensures that the food enters the gullet rather than the trachea.[DOC] [TLE] Windpipe Synonyms, Windpipe Antonyms | Thesaurus.comWindpipe Synonyms, Windpipe Antonyms | Thesaurus.com [PAR] windpipe "trachea," 1530, from wind (n.) + pipe. [PAR] Example Sentences for windpipe [PAR] My brother felt that it must be the windpipe, because when you kicked someone there he lost his breath. [PAR] Out with thy scissors, and cut that cloth or thy own windpipe! [PAR] Further investigation developed the fact that the windpipe was the pit of the stomach. [PAR] Posteriorly it opens into and is continuous with the windpipe. [PAR] The soreness in the throat may extend down the windpipe, and membranes may form there. [PAR] Do not include the cartilages of the windpipe in the stitches. [PAR] From the pharynx lead off the gullet and windpipe, the former back of the latter. [PAR] When deaf is squeezin\' of me windpipe, I shall \'ave a laugh in it! [PAR] Understand, that the windpipe of goats is such by reason of the abundance of humidity. [PAR] Overcoming a nervous contraction of the windpipe, I had managed to exclaim "Captain Falk!"[DOC] [TLE] Definition of Windpipe - MedicineNetDefinition of Windpipe [PAR] Definition of Windpipe [PAR] Windpipe : The trachea , a tube -like portion of the respiratory ( breathing ) tract that connects the larynx (the voice box ) with the lungs . [PAR] Each time we inhale (breathe in ), air goes into our nose or mouth , then through the larynx, down the trachea, and into our lungs. When we exhale (breathe out), the air goes out the other way. [PAR] Prostate surgery has traditionally been seen as offering the most benefits for BPH and also, unfortunately, the most risks.[DOC] [TLE] Trachea | Define Trachea at Dictionary.comTrachea | Define Trachea at Dictionary.com [PAR] trachea [PAR] [trey-kee-uh or, esp. British, truh-kee-uh] /ˈtreɪ ki ə or, esp. British, trəˈki ə/ [PAR] Spell [PAR] [trey-kee-ee or, esp. British, truh-kee-ee] /ˈtreɪ kiˌi or, esp. British, trəˈki i/ (Show IPA), tracheas. [PAR] 1. [PAR] Anatomy, Zoology. the tube in humans and other air-breathing vertebrates extending from the larynx to the bronchi, serving as the principal passage for conveying air to and from the lungs; the windpipe. [PAR] 2. [PAR] (in insects and other arthropods) one of the air-conveying tubes of the respiratory system. [PAR] 3. [PAR] Greek [PAR] 1350-1400 [PAR] 1350-1400; Middle English trache < Medieval Latin trāchēa, for Late Latin trāchīa < Greek trācheîa, short for artēría trācheîa rough artery, i.e., windpipe [PAR] Dictionary.com Unabridged [PAR] Examples from the Web for trachea [PAR] Expand [PAR] Contemporary Examples [PAR] No one has heard the Bolivarian leader speak a word (due to a surgical tube in his trachea, officials parry). [PAR] From G.I. to Eye Candy: War Vet Alex Minsky’s Model Turn Itay Hod March 14, 2014 [PAR] Historical Examples [PAR] It opens into the pharynx, at its superior extremity, and communicates, by its inferior opening with the trachea. [PAR] Gilbertus Anglicus Henry Ebenezer Handerson [PAR] There is difficulty in swallowing, and the food may enter the trachea'}, 'question': {'What is another name for the windpipe?'}}

['windpipe' 'trachea']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Rachel UchitelRachel Uchitel (; born 1975) is an American nightclub manager, hostess, and TV correspondent. She first encountered publicity when, [PAR] following the September 11 attacks, a photo of her holding a picture of her fiancé, who worked in the World Trade Center, was published by the New York Post and circulated worldwide. She made headlines again in 2010 as one of golfer Tiger Woods\' alleged mistresses as well as for an affair with actor David Boreanaz. In 2010 she appeared in the fourth season of the American reality television series Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew, which depicted her struggle with addiction. [PAR] Early life [PAR] Uchitel is the granddaughter of Maurice Uchitel (1911–2000), a Ukrainian-born Jewish American restaurant and nightclub owner in the 1950s and 1960s, including the El Morocco club. [PAR] When Uchitel was 15, her father died, reportedly from an overdose of cocaine, which according to her, required her to mature quickly, and which she claims was one of the incidents in her life that led to her own addictions later.Uchitel discusses these issues in Episodes 1 and 6 of Celebrity Rehabs fourth season, which premiered on December 1 and December 22, 2010, respectively. [PAR] She graduated from Millbrook School in 1992 and graduated from the University of New Hampshire in 1996 with a degree in psychology. She spent five years after college as a news producer in New York for Bloomberg Television. [PAR] Career [PAR] Television [PAR] Uchitel began her career after college working in television and film, with a five-year stint as a producer in the Bloomberg News television division, a period in which she became "engaged to a man who died in the 9/11 attacks." Uchitel has served as a special correspondent on nightlife for Extra. [PAR] VIP hosting [PAR] In 2005, Uchitel moved to Las Vegas and became a "VIP host" at the Tao in Las Vegas, Nevada, whose ownership included Jason Strauss. In 2005–6, she was the VIP hostess at the Tao. She states in an interview: [PAR] Uchitel ran the VIP section of "some of the most successful clubs in New York."[http://www.blackbookmag.com/article/prime-mover-rachel-uchitel-vip-diva/3300 Industry Insiders: Rachel Uchitel, VIP Diva], Black Book, November 30, 2009 As of 2009, Uchitel was living in Las Vegas, but was self-described as being "too old for being a VIP host anymore". [PAR] Other endeavors [PAR] In a November 2010 interview with the UK newspaper Daily Mail, Uchitel is reported to have said she had applied for a license as a private detective. [PAR] In December 2013, Uchitel opened a luxury children\'s boutique on the Upper West Side of Manhattan. The store is named Wyatt Lily, after her 2-year-old daughter, and was named "Best Kids Birthday Presents" in New York magazine\'s annual Best Of issue in 2015. [PAR] Media appearances [PAR] Uchitel was a cast member in the fourth season of the VH1 reality television program Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew, which documents notable persons being treated for substance abuse. Dr. Drew Pinsky, who normally is not involved with casting for the series, reportedly visited Uchitel personally in order to convince her to be cast on the show, for which she was paid $500,000 to appear, which is double the amount initially offered to her by producers. The season premiered in December 2010 and ran until January 2011. During the course of filming, Uchitel spoke of how her father\'s death when she was 15, the loss of her fiance in the September 11 attacks, and her tendency to impulsively enter into relationships contributed to her addiction. Following her treatment by Pinsky, Uchitel entered a sober living facility in Malibu, California, though she left the facility with Pinsky\'s permission to visit the World Trade Center site, where she met with other 9/11 families. [PAR] Personal life [PAR] Uchitel had been engaged to James Andrew O\'Grady, an investment banker, who was killed in the September 11 attacks of the World Trade Center. A few days later, she appeared on the front page of the New York Post holding a picture of O\'Grady'}, 'question': {'Which New York nightclub manager, who appeared on a cover of the New York Post holding a picture of her fianc who was killed in the September 11 attacks, was alleged by The National Enquirer in 2009 to have had an affair with Tiger Woods?'}}

['rachel uchitel']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] House Music - clubsinnyc.com - Access to the Top Clubs in NYCHouse Music - clubsinnyc.com [PAR] Clubsinnyc.com [PAR] The Heights [PAR] House Music Clubs in NYC [PAR] House music clubs in NYC is a genre of electronic music that people love to dance to it had\xa0originated\xa0in Chicago and has now become one of the most fun and\xa0dance-able\xa0types of music. House music lounges are also popular in New York and is played in almost every night club in New York. Clubs in NYC gives you an\xa0exclusive\xa0list of House music Clubs in NYC that is\xa0comprehensive\xa0and easy to search for so that you can get your dance on. [PAR] If House music is your choice of music than we know you love to dance. come party with clubs in NYC at one of our House music choices and you will be sure to have an excellent night. Dont forget if you have a birthday or some other event that you want to schedule at a House music club then just let us know and we will take care of the rest. [PAR] Enjoy your hunt for House music clubs in NYC and I hope you chose Clubs in NYC as your partner in\xa0nightlife.\xa0 [PAR] House Music clubs in nyc [PAR] House Music Clubs in NYC for all of those that truly like to dance and shake it to the awesome sounds of House Music [PAR] When your favorite House Music clubs in nyc its difficult to be in the proper scene for the proper nightlife experience. The environment in New York City provides you with a fix of House Music clubs in nyc and other low key night clubs in New York city. some being more exclusive and some are more lax. Your probably going to be with friends and that is usually recommended in this big city. Make your reservations for any of the events.[DOC] [TLE] Buddha Bar - Best House Music Ever - YouTubeBuddha Bar - Best House Music Ever - YouTube [PAR] Buddha Bar - Best House Music Ever [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Apr 22, 2012 [PAR] House music is a genre of electronic dance music that originated in the American city of Chicago in the early 1980s. It was initially popularized circa 1984 in Chicago, but beginning in 1985, it fanned out to other major cities such as Baltimore[citation needed], Detroit[citation needed], Toronto[citation needed], Mexico City[citation needed], New York City[citation needed], San Francisco[citation needed], Boston[citation needed], Montreal[citation needed], Cancún[citation needed], Manchester,[1] Miami[citation needed], London,[1] and Paris[citation needed]. It then began to influence popular music in Europe, with songs such as "House Nation" by House Master Boyz and the Rude Boy of House (1987) and "Doctorin\' the House" by Coldcut (1988) in the pop charts. Since the early to mid-1990s, house music has been infused in mainstream pop and dance music worldwide. [PAR] Early house music was generally dance-based music characterized by repetitive 4/4 beats, rhythms mainly provided by drum machines,[2] off-beat hi-hat cymbals, and synthesized basslines. While house displayed several characteristics similar to disco music, it was more electronic and minimalistic,[2] and the repetitive rhythm of house was more important than the song itself. House music today, while keeping several of these core elements, notably the prominent kick drum on every beat, varies a lot in style and influence, ranging from the soulful and atmospheric deep house to the more minimalistic microhouse. House music has also fused with several other genres creating fusion subgenres,[2] such as euro house, tech house, and electro house. [PAR] Many local Chicago house music artists suddenly found themselves with major label deals. House music proved to be a commercially successful genre and a more mainstream pop-based variation grew increasingly popular. Artists and groups such as Madonna,[2] Janet Jackson,[3] Björk, Aretha Franklin, Steps, and C+C Music Factory[2]'}, 'question': {'"""House music"" originated in clubs in which city?"'}}

['chicago']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Bushranger Ned Kelly hanged | Fed StoryBushranger Ned Kelly hanged | Fed Story [PAR] Bushranger Ned Kelly hanged [PAR] Share: [PAR] Bushranger Ned Kelly (born 1854/1855) was hanged on 11 November 1880. [PAR] A legend in his own, short lifetime, Ned Kelly is still one of Australia’s most famous folk-heroes. [PAR] Whether he is seen a symbol of national pride or just a merciless bushranger, the legend of Ned Kelly made a powerful contribution to the mythology of the Australian bush as a unique cradle of mateship and equality. [PAR] Like the miners at the Eureka Stockade, he was admired for his defiance of colonial authority and egalitarianism. Ned Kelly was also famous, of course, for the home-made metal armour and helmet which he wore at his final battle with police at the Glenrowan Inn in North East Victoria. [PAR] After taking and then releasing more than 60 hostages at the hotel, Ned Kelly was wounded and captured, while the other three gang members were killed. [PAR] Moments before his death by hanging at the Old Melbourne Gaol, Kelly reportedly uttered the famous last words: ‘Such is life’. [PAR] Ned Kelly has been memorialised by painters, writers, musicians and filmmakers. In fact, more books, songs and websites have been produced about Ned Kelly and the Kelly Gang than any other group of Australian historical figures. [PAR] Image: Ned Kelly the day before he was hanged (1880) State Library of Victoria [PAR] Federation Story is a free interactive exhibition at Federation Square that traces the events, people and ideas that led to Federation. It also celebrates the richly diverse stories and events that have continued to shape our country, our culture and our place in the world. [PAR] Connect with Federation Square[DOC] [TLE] 1880 – Ned Kelly the Australian bushranger captured at ...1880 – Ned Kelly the Australian bushranger captured at Glenrowan. – Stair na hÉireann – History of Ireland [PAR] Instagram [PAR] 1880 – Ned Kelly the Australian bushranger captured at\xa0Glenrowan. [PAR] Stair na hÉireann Irish History , Irish-Australian History Bushranger , Co. Tipperary , Edward “Ned” Kelly , England , Folklore , Ireland , Irish-Australian History , John (Red) Kelly , Melbourne , Van Diemen's Land , Victoria [PAR] Edward “Ned” Kelly was an Australian bushranger of Irish descent. His legacy is controversial; some consider him to be a murderous villain, while others view him as a folk hero and Australia’s equivalent of Robin Hood. Kelly was born in Victoria to an Irish convict father. The Australian Dictionary of Biography states Kelly was “the eldest son of John (Red) Kelly and his wife Ellen, née Quinn. John Kelly was born in Co Tipperary in 1820 and sentenced in 1841 to seven years’ transportation for stealing two pigs. He arrived in Van Diemen’s Land in 1842.” [PAR] When Kelly’s attempt to derail and ambush a police train failed, he and his gang, dressed in homemade suits of metal armour, engaged in a final violent confrontation with the Victoria Police at Glenrowan on 28 June 1880. All were killed except Kelly, who was severely wounded by police fire and captured. He was convicted of the willful murder of a Constable and was sentenced to death by hanging by Irish-born judge Justice Sir Redmond Barry. Several unusual exchanges between Kelly and the judge included the judge’s customary words “May God have mercy on your soul”, to which Kelly replied “I will go a little further than that, and say I will see you there when I go.” At Kelly’s request, his picture was taken and he was granted farewell interviews with family members. His mother’s last words to him were reported to be “Mind you die like a Kelly.” [PAR] Kelly was hanged on 11 November 1880 at the Melbourne Gaol. Kelly’s gaol warden wrote in his diary that when Kelly was prompted to say his last words, the prisoner opened his mouth and mumbled something that he could not hear. [PAR] The Argus reported that Mr. Castieau, the governor of the gaol, informed the condemned man that the hour of execution had been fixed at ten o’clock. Kelly simply replied “Such is life"}, 'question': {'What were reportedly the last words of Ned Kelly when he was hanged on 11 November 1880 at the Melbourne Gaol?'}}

['such is life']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Calais migrant crisis: Iranians arrested in Folkestone ...Calais migrant crisis: Iranians arrested in Folkestone after walking Channel Tunnel | UK | News | Daily Express [PAR] UK [PAR] Iranian migrants walk 31-mile Channel Tunnel to UK after mass riot in Calais [PAR] A MASS migrant riot in Calais which saw police and security officers seriously injuted allowed 100 immigrants to storm the Channel Tunnel – and two of them actually walked the entire length and made it to Folkstone. [PAR] 08:00, Thu, Oct 8, 2015 [PAR] | UPDATED: 14:31, Thu, Oct 8, 2015 [PAR] GETTY [PAR] Migrants run on rail tracks in the Channel Tunnel site in Frethun, northern France [PAR] About 25 people were injured in the mass brawl which was organized deliberately to distract police and security to allow a ‘massive invasion’ of the tunnel. [PAR] Seven migrants, two police officers and a security guard were treated for injuries sustained during the brawl – most from stones and bricks thrown by the rioting migrants. [PAR] Related articles [PAR] Workers repair a fence securing the Eurotunnel terminal [PAR] GETTY [PAR] A migrant climbs over a fence into the Channel Tunnel site [PAR] Trains pass through leaving just 80cm clearance between the trains and tunnel walls. [PAR] It\'s a massive invasion and intrusion by a very large and coordinated group of migrants [PAR] Eurotunnel [PAR] Kent police have named the men as Payam Moradi Mirahessari, 25, and Farein Vahdani, 20, who were remanded in custody when they appeared at Medway Magistrates\' Court, accused of obstructing an engine or carriage using the railway. [PAR] Twenty-three others were arrested during the incursion, while seven migrants, two police officers and a security guard were treated for injuries sustained during the brawl. [PAR] Eurotunnel said a "very large and coordinated group of migrants" had managed to break through fences, describing it as an "organised attack". [PAR] GETTY [PAR] Security agents escort migrants after their intrusion in the Eurotunnel site in Coquelles [PAR] But Ukip MEP Mike Hookem said the incident showed that "no one has a proper grip on the migrant crisis in Calais". [PAR] He told Breitbart: "These people walked a distance five miles longer than the London marathon but no one thought to stop them, not even the tunnel security who are supposed to have ramped up their efforts. [PAR] "We aren\'t talking about desperate refugees here - they\'re camped out in Lebanon in unsanitary conditions. These are economic migrants, with some Daesh [ISIS] extremists sprinkled amongst them, who want to either take what they can from our country or cause it harm. [PAR] Related articles'}, 'question': {'What goes through the Channel Tunnel that links Folkestone in the UK with Coquelles, near Calais in northern France?'}}

['rail tracks']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Official languageAn official language is a language that is given a special legal status in a particular country, state, or other jurisdiction. Typically a country\'s official language refers to the language used within government (e.g., courts, parliament, administration). Since "the means of expression of a people cannot be changed by any law", the term "official language" does not typically refer to the language used by a people or country, but by its government. [PAR] Worldwide, 178 countries have at least one official language, and 101 of these countries recognise more than one language. Many of the world\'s constitutions mention one or more official and/or national languages. Some countries use the official language designation to empower indigenous groups by giving them access to the government in their native languages. In countries that do not formally designate an official language, a de facto national language usually evolves. English is the most common official language, with recognized status in 51 countries. Arabic, French, and Spanish are also widely recognized. [PAR] An official language that is also an indigenous language is called endoglossic, one that is not indigenous is exoglossic. An instance is Nigeria which has three endoglossic official languages. By this the country aims to protect the indigenous languages although at the same time recognising the English language as its lingua franca. [PAR] History [PAR] Around 500 BC, when Darius the Great annexed Mesopotamia to the Persian Empire, he chose a form of Aramaic language (the so-called Official Aramaic or Imperial Aramaic) as the vehicle for written communication between the different regions of the vast empire with its different peoples and languages. Aramaic script was widely employed from Egypt in the southwest to Bactria and Sogdiana in the northeast. Texts were dictated in the native dialects written down in Aramaic, and then read out again in the native language at the place they were received. [PAR] Statistics [PAR] According to an undated chart by the American pro-English-only organization known as U.S. English, 178 countries have an official language at the national level. Among those, English is the most common with 67 nations giving it official status. French is second with 29 countries, Arabic is third with 26 countries and Spanish is fourth with 19 countries, Portuguese is the official language of 9 countries and German is official in 6. Some countries—like Australia, Britain and the United States—have no official language recognized as such at national level. On the other extreme, Bolivia officially recognizes 37 languages, the most by any country in the world. Second to Bolivia is India with 23 official languages. [PAR] Political alternatives [PAR] The selection of an official language (or no official language) is often contentious. An alternative to having a single official language is "official multilingualism", where a government recognizes multiple official languages. Under this system, all government services are available in all official languages. Each citizen may choose their preferred language when conducting business. Most countries are multilingual and many are officially multilingual. Canada, Philippines, Belgium, Switzerland, and the European Union are examples of official multilingualism. This has been described as controversial and, in some other areas where it has been proposed, the idea has been rejected. It has also been described as necessary for the recognition of different groups or as an advantage for the country in presenting itself to outsiders. [PAR] In specific countries [PAR] Afghanistan [PAR] In accordance with Chapter 1, Article 16 of the Constitution of Afghanistan, the Afghan government gives equal status to Pashto and Dari as official languages. [PAR] Canada [PAR] In accordance with the Constitution Act, 1982 the (federal) Government of Canada gives equal status to English and French as official languages. The province of New Brunswick is also officially bilingual, as are the territories (Yukon, Nunavut, and the Northwest Territories), but all provinces offer some necessary services in both English and French. [PAR] Canadian advocates of a single official language say it promotes national identity. In Canada, debate has focused on whether the local majority language should be made the exclusive language of public business. In the Canadian province of Quebec, for example,'}, 'question': {'What is the most densely populated country that has English as an official language?'}}

['india']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Wealthy person - definition of wealthy person by The Free ...Wealthy person - definition of wealthy person by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Wealthy person - definition of wealthy person by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/wealthy+person [PAR] individual , mortal , person , somebody , someone , soul - a human being; "there was too much for one person to do" [PAR] affluent - an affluent person; a person who is financially well off; "the so-called emerging affluents" [PAR] Croesus - a very wealthy man [PAR] fat cat - a wealthy and privileged person [PAR] plutocrat - someone who exercises power by virtue of wealth [PAR] millionaire - a person whose material wealth is valued at more than a million dollars [PAR] billionaire - a very rich person whose material wealth is valued at more than a billion dollars [PAR] multi-billionaire - a very rich person whose material wealth is valued at many billions of dollars [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster\'s page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] millionaire [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] The least wealthy person on the list is also the youngest - Snapchat CEO Evan Spiegel, age 25, with a current net worth of US$2 billion. [PAR] \'O\'BRIEN IS MEDIA BARON.. NOT A PRIVATE PERSON\' Court claim as RTE fight TV ban [PAR] If I had a pound for every time I have said to someone: "When I say \'you\' I\'m referring to the company you work for, not you individually," I would be a wealthy person today. [PAR] Store gave me red card; Financial worries or just looking for better value for money? Consumer champion Fergus Muirhead answers your questions [PAR] Social costs are calculated by measuring the value of a dollar\'s worth of income to individuals across the income spectrum--a dollar being less important to a wealthy person compared to a low-income individual--to discern the impact of income inequality on income growth.'}, 'question': {'What term is used to describe an influential and wealthy person?'}}

['fat cat']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the ...The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (2005) - Plot Summary - IMDb [PAR] The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (2005) [PAR] Plot Summary [PAR] Showing all 6 plot summaries [PAR] Four children from the same family have to leave their town because of the bombings of WWII. A women and a professor take the children to their house. While playing a game of hide-and-seek, the youngest member of the family, Lucy, finds a wardrobe to hide in. She travels back and back into the wardrobe and finds a place named Narnia. After going in twice, the four children go in together for the last time. They battle wolves, meet talking animals, encounter an evil white witch and meet a magnificent lion named Aslan. Will this be the end of their journey to Narnia or will they stay? [PAR] - Written by John ewart [PAR] Four siblings are sent away from home during the blitz of WWII. They are sent to be watched over by an old Professor Kirke, who owns a massive mansion. Once there, they stumble upon an enormous wardrobe which transports them to the world of Narnia. Narnia itself was once a peaceful realm filled with talking animals, fauns, Giants and dwarves that is now under a cursed eternal winter by the villainous White Witch. With aid from the majestic lion Aslan, the four lead Narnia into an all out war as they fight to outwit the Witch and restore peace to the land. [PAR] During the World War II bombings of London, four English siblings are sent to a country house where they will be safe. One day Lucy finds a wardrobe that transports her to a magical world called Narnia. After coming back, she soon returns to Narnia with her brothers, Peter and Edmund, and her sister, Susan. There they join the magical lion, Aslan, in the fight against the evil White Witch, Jadis. [PAR] - Written by Jwelch5742 [PAR] Based on the 2nd in the series of books by C.S. Lewis , "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe," the film tells the story of 4 children who go to live with an old professor during the war. One day, while playing hide and seek, Lucy, the youngest of the children, finds a wardrobe which leads to a magical land called Narnia. However Narnia is being ruled by the evil White Witch who has made it snow for 100 years and according to an old prophecy, Edmund, Lucy, Peter and Susan are the "chosen ones" who will defeat the Witch. They are assisted by the true ruler of Narnia, the lion, Aslan. With the good Narnians on their side all 4 children must now defeat the witch using all their strength and fulfill their destinies to become the new kings and queens of Narnia. [PAR] - Written by x_baby angel [PAR] Peter, Susan, Edmund, and Lucy are deported from London to the house of an eccentric professor during World War II. They find life in the house extremely dull, until Lucy discovers a wardrobe that leads to a magical world called Narnia, where animals can talk and all are ruled over by the wise and benevolent lion Aslan. The others don\'t believe her at first, but soon all of them go through the wardrobe and discover all is not well in Narnia. The land is being kept in a perpetual winter by the evil White Witch, Jadis, who turns anyone who doesn\'t obey her into stone. The children join Aslan and the animals loyal to him in an attempt to vanquish Jadis. [PAR] - Written by rmlohner [PAR] Four kids travel through a wardrobe to the land of Narnia and learn of their destiny to free it with the guidance of a mystical lion.[DOC] [TLE] The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the ...The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (2005) - Decent Films [PAR] Decent Films [PAR] The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (2005) [PAR] B+ [PAR] Note: This review refers to important'}, 'question': {'"""The Lion, The Witch and the Wardrobe"", a 2005 film based on the novel by C. S. Lewis, is set mainly in which land?"'}}

['narnia' 'chronicles of narnia']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Ohuruoga case heightens tension over doping issue - TelegraphOhuruoga case heightens tension over doping issue - Telegraph [PAR] Ohuruoga case heightens tension over doping issue [PAR] By Tom Knight in Gothenburg [PAR] 12:01AM BST 07 Aug 2006 [PAR] In pics: Drugs in sport, the story so far [PAR] If proof were needed that the problem of doping was never far away, it came with the suspension of Britain\'s Christine Ohuruogu after the 400 metres runner missed three drug tests. [PAR] Ohuruogu, the Commonwealth 400 metres champion, was due to join the team in Gothenburg today but will not now take any part in the championships. [PAR] The 22-year-old from east London missed three tests within the space of 18 months, with the first being due on Oct 12, 2005, and must now account for her actions at a UK Athletics independent disciplinary committee hearing once the championships are over. [PAR] Ohuruogu, a linguistics student at University College, London who has been part of the campaign promoting the London Olympics in 2012, was full of remorse. [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] Ohuruogu suspended for missing drugs tests [PAR] 07 Aug 2006 [PAR] She said: "I am fortunate to be considered one of Britain\'s elite athletes and I take this responsibility very seriously. One of these is to adhere to the regulations imposed on competing athletes, including rule 32.2 (d), which is to make my whereabouts known for one hour every day, 365 days a year. [PAR] "Due to changes in my training schedule, I was unable to fulfil this obligation on three occasions, hence my suspension. [PAR] "What I want to do at this stage is to apologise for the distress and concern I have caused the people closest to me and UK Athletics who, at the end of the day, we all understand are trying to uphold an incredibly hard rule. [PAR] "Every race is important to me and my duty is to always do my best. I am massively disappointed that this suspension means I cannot represent my country at the European Championships." [PAR] UK Sport, the agency who carry out all drug tests for UK Athletics, insisted that the athlete\'s suspension should not be taken as an indication of guilt, but rather that there is a case to answer. [PAR] This is a serious offence, however. The rule on missing tests was tightened up by the world governing body, the International Association of Athletics Federations, last summer as a result of the case involving the Greek sprinters Kostas Kenteris and Katerina Thanou, who recently accepted a two-year ban after they missed tests before the Athens Olympics. [PAR] The IAAF now have an entire department dedicated to logging the whereabouts of athletes as they travel the world for training and competition. [PAR] Ohuruogu may have a plausible explanation for her whereabouts during the period in question, but her suspension will come as a major blow to the team preparing for what is an important event for the sport in Britain. [PAR] UK Athletics are proud of their anti-doping stance and are having to come to terms with the team here including Dwain Chambers, the sprinter who recently returned to the sport after serving a two-year ban for his part in the BALCO doping scandal in the United States. [PAR] Also in the team is Carl Myerscough, the shot-putter who served a two-year ban after testing positive for a cocktail of steroids. [PAR] This latest scandal again calls into question the decision of UK Athletics to appoint Linford Christie as a mentor after he failed a drug test and served a two-year ban. His new role did not start well, as it emerged last night that his management company, Nuff Respect, represent Ohuruogu. [PAR] Dave Collins, UK Athletics performance director, said: "This is a sign of the stringent testing procedures in the UK to which UKA are totally committed." [PAR] Such is the sport\'s nervousness about doping in the wake of the Justin Gatlin case that the IAAF chose the eve of the European Championships to lobby for an extension to the statutory ban. [PAR] Gatlin, the world and Olympic champion who tested positive for testosterone in April, is expected to have his case heard by the US Anti-Doping Agency today'}, 'question': {'Which British sprinter returned to competition in 2006 after a 2 year absence due to doping offences?'}}

['dwain chambers']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Rinderpest - iSnare Free EncyclopediaRinderpest - iSnare Free Encyclopedia [PAR] Rinderpest [PAR] Species: [PAR] Rinderpest virus [PAR] Rinderpest (also cattle plague or steppe murrain) was an infectious viral disease of cattle , domestic buffalo , and some other species of even-toed ungulates , including buffaloes , large antelope and deer , giraffes , wildebeests , and warthogs . [1] The disease was characterized by fever , oral erosions, diarrhea , lymphoid necrosis , and high mortality. Death rates during outbreaks were usually extremely high, approaching 100% in immunologically naïve populations. [2] Rinderpest was mainly transmitted by direct contact and by drinking contaminated water, although it could also be transmitted by air. [3] After a global eradication campaign, the last confirmed case of rinderpest was diagnosed in 2001. [4] [PAR] On 14 October 2010, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) announced that field activities in the decades-long, worldwide campaign to eradicate the disease were ending, paving the way for a formal declaration in June 2011 of the global eradication of rinderpest. [5] On 25 May 2011, the World Organisation for Animal Health announced the free status of the last eight countries not yet recognized (a total of 198 countries were now free of the disease), officially declaring the eradication of the disease. [6] In June 2011, the United Nations FAO confirmed the disease was eradicated, making rinderpest only the second disease in history to be fully wiped out, following smallpox . [7] [PAR] Rinderpest is believed to have originated in Asia , later spreading through the transport of cattle. [8] The term Rinderpest is a German word meaning "cattle-plague". [1] [8] The rinderpest virus (RPV) was closely related to the measles and canine distemper viruses. [9] The measles virus emerged from rinderpest as a zoonotic disease between 1000 and 1100 AD, a period that may have been preceded by limited outbreaks involving a virus not yet fully acclimated to humans. [10] [PAR] Contents [PAR] 9 External links [PAR] Virus [PAR] Rinderpest virus (RPV), a member of the genus Morbillivirus , is closely related to the measles and canine distemper viruses. [9] Like other members of the Paramyxoviridae family, it produces enveloped virions, and is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus . The virus was particularly fragile and is quickly inactivated by heat, desiccation and sunlight. [11] [PAR] Measles virus evolved from the then-widespread rinderpest virus most probably between the 11th and 12th centuries. [10] The earliest likely origin is during the seventh century; some linguistic evidence exists for this earlier origin. [12] [13] [PAR] Disease [PAR] A cow with rinderpest in the " milk fever " position, 1982. [PAR] Death rates during outbreaks were usually extremely high, approaching 100% in immunologically naïve populations. [2] The disease was mainly spread by direct contact and by drinking contaminated water, although it could also be transmitted by air. [3] [PAR] Initial symptoms include fever, loss of appetite, and nasal and eye discharges. Subsequently, irregular erosions appear in the mouth, the lining of the nose, and the genital tract. [2] Acute diarrhea, preceded by constipation, is also a common feature. [3] Most animals die six to 12 days after the onset of these clinical signs. [2] [PAR] History [PAR] Origins [PAR] The disease is believed to have originated in Asia , later spreading through the transport of cattle. [8] Other cattle epizootics are noted in ancient times: a cattle plague is thought to be one of the ten plagues of Egypt described in the Hebrew Bible. By around 3,000 BC , a cattle plague had reached Egypt , and rinderpest later spread throughout the remainder of Africa , following European colonization. [8] [PAR] Epizootics [PAR] Rinderpest outbreak in 18th-century Netherlands [PAR] Cows dead from rinderpest in South Africa, 1896 [PAR] Cattle plagues recurred throughout history, often accompanying wars and military campaigns. They hit Europe especially hard in the 18th century, with three long panzootics which, although varying in intensity and duration from region to region, took'}, 'question': {'"In 2010, the UN Food and Agriculture Organization announced that it expected to make a formal declaration in 2011 of the global eradication of ""Rinderpest"". What does Rinderpest attack, mostly?"'}}

['cattle' 'cow']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Where do dyes come from? - GridClubWhere do dyes come from? [PAR] Undersea Exploration [PAR] Where do dyes come from? [PAR] Originally, dyes were made from animals and plants. A sea snail named murex yields a rare expensive dye called tyrian purple. The blue dye that ancient Britons used to paint their bodies comes from the woad plant. The yellow dye, saffron, comes from the autumn crocus. And the madder plant yields an orange-red dye called madder. Today, most dyes are made by chemists in the laboratory. [PAR] A murex shell[DOC] [TLE] Boudicca\'s warpaint puts farmer on the woad to recovery ...Boudicca\'s warpaint puts farmer on the woad to recovery - Telegraph [PAR] Boudicca\'s warpaint puts farmer on the woad to recovery [PAR] By Sarah Lonsdale [PAR] 12:01AM BST 28 Sep 2003 [PAR] Woad, the plant whose deep blue pigment was used as a warpaint by the ancient Britons to frighten their enemies, is to be farmed commercially in Britain for the first time in 500 years. [PAR] Large-scale production of woad, which was most famously used by the warrior queen Boudicca, finally died out in the 16th century when cheaper dyes imported from India made it uneconomic. [PAR] Now, however, farming of the spinach-like plant, which produces colours ranging from pale blue to indigo, is to be resumed by a Norfolk farmer, who intends to sell woad pigment to clothes manufacturers. [PAR] Ian Howard, who will begin planting next year, has conducted a successful trial at his farm near Dereham, Norfolk. He intends to market the natural pigment as an environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic indigo, which is made using aniline, a by-product of oil, formaldehyde and potassium cyanide. [PAR] Some small clothes designers, including the British firm Boudicca, which exhibited at London Fashion Week last week, have already used Mr Howard\'s woad-based indigo for their blue colours. [PAR] Mr Howard also hopes to persuade jeans manufacturers to use woad to dye denim. [PAR] "Woad is easy to grow, seems to like the soil and climate, and is environmentally friendly," he said. "I love the wonderful rich blue colour it produces and the fact that I am doing something unique." [PAR] Mr Howard, whose forearms are almost permanently blue from his dyeing experiments, decided to turn to woad production after his farm income from growing wheat, sugar beet and potatoes dropped in the late 1990s. [PAR] "I was snowed under with bureaucracy, and Blair\'s apparent indifference to the countryside took the fun and buzz out of farming," he said. "I was very disillusioned with farming, but now it has become fun again." [PAR] Mr Howard\'s decision to grow woad is particularly appropriate. His farm is on land which once belonged to the Iceni, the tribe led by Boudicca that rebelled against the Roman conquest and sacked Colchester and London in ad60. [PAR] Pliny, the Roman historian, described how the ancient Britons\' "blue aspect made them look more fearsome" - their appearance created either by applying woad body paint, or tattoos etched in woad. [PAR] In the 1995 film Braveheart, William Wallace, played by Mel Gibson, wears woad in the battle scenes to dramatic effect, but this is probably an anachronism, as the dye was no longer in use. [PAR] The blue threads in the Bayeux Tapestry were dyed using woad and the blue in the tapestry is the only colour not to have faded in more than 900 years. Woad was also used as a natural insecticide. [PAR] When woad leaves are harvested, in July and September, they are washed and heated in hot water for several minutes. The blueish water is then mixed with chalk and left to settle. A blue paste is left after the water is poured off and this, when dry, can be ground into a fine powder to be used in paints, dyes and ink-making. [PAR] Clothes dyed with woad indigo at first appear yellow, but as they dry they turn green, then turquoise then finally deep blue. [PAR] Mr Howard\'s experiments show that in good growing conditions with plenty of sun, almost 10 tons of woad leaves per acre'}, 'question': {'What was the blue dye used by the ancient Britons as battle paint?'}}

['woad' 'isatis tinctoria']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] THE MOST SOUTHERLY POINT IN UK. - Lizard Peninsula ...THE MOST SOUTHERLY POINT IN UK. - Lizard Peninsula, Helston Traveller Reviews - TripAdvisor [PAR] “THE MOST SOUTHERLY POINT IN UK.” [PAR] Reviewed 9 May 2013 [PAR] The Lizard Point is as far as you can go. On a sunny day its a beautiful, peaceful, place to be. Parking is free to National Trust members so all you have to do is by a cup oftea if you feel like one. The views are fantastic. The Lighthouse ws built in 1751. There is a Heritage Centre but it didn\'t appear to be open when we were there. Admission fees are £2.50 adult, £1.50 childen under 16. It costs more for the combined Lighthouse and Heritage Centre but I think it would be worth it. There is a little cafe mnutes from the car park. Happily The Lizard is so much nicer than Lands End which is now so comercialized. [PAR] Visited May 2013 [PAR] “Breathtaking Views at Lizard Point” [PAR] Reviewed 6 May 2013 [PAR] Lizard Point is much less touristy than Lands End, and is the most southerly point in the UK. We were lucky enough to be there on a sunny day so the views were absolutely breathtaking! It is looked after by the National Trust so car parking was free as we are members. All we paid for was a coffee at the cafe on the edge of the cliffs, which itself had amazing views. We were told that dolphins had been spotted from there just before we arrived. If you like walking you will enjoy the coastal walks from Lizard Point. [PAR] Visited May 2013 [PAR] “Beautiful Lizard Point” [PAR] Reviewed 22 February 2013 [PAR] This was our second visit to the Lizard Peninsula and to Lizard Point and this visit like our first one was blessed with beautiful weather. Lizard village is the most southerly village on the British mainland and it has a very nice restaurant with a wide selection of food options and you can get everything from a snack to a main meal or just beverages if so wished. There is a lovely gift shop and you can purchase in another shop goods made from the local serpentine rock. There are also other shops to visit and a pretty little green. [PAR] It is a little walk from the village to Lizard Point, it takes about 15/20 mins to walk and it is stunningly beautiful with beautiful colourful flowers on and in the embankments and fields on route and the views are absolutely stunning and one can call in on route to the Lizard Lighthouse too. Once at Lizard Point the scenery is amazing, wild and rugged with crashing waves, on our last visit we were fortunate enough to see seals but whilst we did\'nt see them on this visit we did get to see some Choughs this time around. There is also a cafe at the Point too. [PAR] We enjoyed our walk to Lizard Point as people that we passed on route were very friendly and said hello to us when passing. [PAR] A most beautiful part of Cornwall in an Area of Outstanding National Beauty and a must see . Absolutely recommended to visit [PAR] Visited July 2012[DOC] [TLE] Lizard, Cornwall the most southerly point of BritainLizard, Cornwall the most southerly point of Britain [PAR] Lizard, Cornwall [PAR] The Lizard is the most southerly point on the British mainland. The name comes from the Cornish "lis" meaning "place" and "ard" meaning "high". Almost at the end of the Lizard Peninsula is Lizard village, a central square, a few houses, a couple of shops,and a pub. The only thing in England south of the village is the lighthouse, Lizard Point and Housel Bay; Church Cove is eat of the village and there are cliff walks to the west. Lizard Point has a few souvenir shops and snackeries. [PAR] The Spanish Armada was first spotted from here in 1588. [PAR] Sir John Killigrew, a notorious wrecker from the Arwennack family of Falmouth, erected the first lighthouse on the Lizard in 1620. Ship owners refused to support the venture, believing that Killigrew had ulterior motives in erecting the lighthouse, and that venture disappeared. On the 10th'}, 'question': {'The most southerly point of England is at the tip of what peninsula?'}}

['lizard village' 'lizard' 'lizard peninsula']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] East News Poland agencja fotograficzna - Za kulisami ...East News Poland agencja fotograficzna - Za kulisami telewizji Al Jazeera, strona 1 [PAR] Otwarcie nowej repliki prehistorycznych malowideł z groty Lascaux [PAR] EN_00956258_0001 PLA [PAR] February 10, 2011, Doha, Qatar: Al Jazeera, meaning "The Island" is an international news network headquartered in Doha, Qatar. During the Egyptian protests, the Egyptian government ordered the TV channel close it offices. Many Arabs see Al Jazeera as a more trustworthy source of information than government and foreign channels./// Hassan Shweiki, head of output for news at Al Jazeera Arabic, works on Egypt coverage in the studios in Doha. Credit: Andrew Henderson / Polaris [PAR] EN_00956258_0002 PLA [PAR] February 10, 2011, Doha, Qatar: Al Jazeera, meaning "The Island" is an international news network headquartered in Doha, Qatar. During the Egyptian protests, the Egyptian government ordered the TV channel close it offices. Many Arabs see Al Jazeera as a more trustworthy source of information than government and foreign channels./// The building of Al Jazeera Arabic. Credit: Andrew Henderson / Polaris [PAR] EN_00956258_0003 PLA [PAR] February 10, 2011, Doha, Qatar: Al Jazeera, meaning "The Island" is an international news network headquartered in Doha, Qatar. During the Egyptian protests, the Egyptian government ordered the TV channel close it offices. Many Arabs see Al Jazeera as a more trustworthy source of information than government and foreign channels./// The control room for Al Jazeera English, in the studios in Doha. Credit: Andrew Henderson / Polaris [PAR] EN_00956258_0004 PLA [PAR] February 10, 2011, Doha, Qatar: Al Jazeera, meaning "The Island" is an international news network headquartered in Doha, Qatar. During the Egyptian protests, the Egyptian government ordered the TV channel close it offices. Many Arabs see Al Jazeera as a more trustworthy source of information than government and foreign channels./// The control room for Al Jazeera English, in the studios in Doha. Credit: Andrew Henderson / Polaris [PAR] EN_00956258_0005 PLA [PAR] February 10, 2011, Doha, Qatar: Al Jazeera, meaning "The Island" is an international news network headquartered in Doha, Qatar. During the Egyptian protests, the Egyptian government ordered the TV channel close it offices. Many Arabs see Al Jazeera as a more trustworthy source of information than government and foreign channels./// Hassan Shweiki, head of output for news at Al Jazeera Arabic, works on Egypt coverage in the studios in Doha. Credit: Andrew Henderson / Polaris [PAR] EN_00956258_0006 PLA [PAR] February 10, 2011, Doha, Qatar: Al Jazeera, meaning "The Island" is an international news network headquartered in Doha, Qatar. During the Egyptian protests, the Egyptian government ordered the TV channel close it offices. Many Arabs see Al Jazeera as a more trustworthy source of information than government and foreign channels./// The code of ethics for Al Jazeera Arabic, in Doha. Credit: Andrew Henderson / Polaris [PAR] EN_00956258_0007 PLA [PAR] February 10, 2011, Doha, Qatar: Al Jazeera, meaning "The Island" is an international news network headquartered in Doha, Qatar. During the Egyptian protests, the Egyptian government ordered the TV channel close it offices. Many Arabs see Al Jazeera as a more trustworthy source of information than government and foreign channels./// Hassan Shweiki, head of output for news at Al Jazeera Arabic, works on Egypt coverage in the studios in Doha. Credit: Andrew Henderson / Polaris [PAR] EN_00956258_0008 PLA [PAR] February 10, 2011, Doha, Qatar: Al Jazeera, meaning "The Island" is an international news network headquartered in Doha, Qatar. During the Egyptian protests, the Egyptian government ordered the TV channel close it offices. Many Arabs see Al Jazeera as a more trustworthy source of information than government and foreign channels./// Hassan Shweiki, head of output for news at Al Jazeera Arabic, works on Egypt coverage in the studios in Doha. Credit: Andrew Henderson / Polaris [PAR] EN_00956258_0009 PLA [PAR] February 10, 2011, Doha, Qatar: Al Jazeera, meaning "The Island" is an international news network headquartered in Doha, Qatar. During the Egyptian protests, the Egyptian government ordered the TV channel close it offices. Many'}, 'question': {'What international news TV network is based in Doha, Qatar?'}}

['al jazeera arabic' 'al jazeera' 'al jazeera network']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Salamanca | Britain's Greatest Battles | Online ...Salamanca | Britain's Greatest Battles | Online Exhibitions | National Army Museum, London [PAR] Legacy [PAR] The Context [PAR] The Peninsular War began with the French and Spanish invasion of Portugal in 1807. In 1808 Napoleon turned on his Spanish ally, placing his brother Joseph on the Spanish throne. An expeditionary force commanded by Arthur Wellesley was despatched to Portugal and enjoyed initial success, defeating the French at Vimeiro in August 1808. By 1812 Wellington had secured Lisbon behind the Lines of Torres Vedras and then driven French troops from Portugal. [PAR] The beginning of 1812 saw Wellington take the offensive into Spain. The town of Ciudad Rodrigo was taken on 8 January and, following a costly assault, the formidable fortress of Badajoz fell to the allied force of Britain, Spain and Portugal on 6 April. While there were 230,000 French troops in Spain at this time, they were divided between five armies and Napoleon’s imminent campaign against Russia meant that reinforcements were not available. [PAR] Wellington had ensured French forces were held in place by Spanish regular and guerrilla actions that pinned them down throughout the peninsula. Once General Rowland Lord Hill severed communications between Marshal Marmont and Marshal Soult, capturing the Tagus crossing at Almaraz in May, Marmont’s isolation made him Wellington’s prime target. [PAR] Wellington marched on Salamanca and entered the city on 17 June. Ten days later he took three of the outlying forts in an attempt to force Marmont into action. With Marmont unwilling to commit, Wellington moved out to manoeuvre against him, probing for an advantage that would allow him to force a battle. Wellington’s intelligence reports, however, warned that Marmont was soon to be reinforced by troops sent by Joseph Bonaparte. Fearing he had lost the initiative, Wellington was forced to consider the abandonment of Salamanca and retreat back to Portugal. [PAR] The Armies [PAR] Marshal Auguste Marmont (1774-1852) was a skilled artillery officer who had been an aide to Napoleon in his 1796 campaign in Italy. Once Marshal Massena was defeated decisively by Wellington at Fuentes de Onoro (1811), Marmont replaced him as commander of the Army of Portugal. By July 1812 this army consisted of 50,000 men and 78 guns. [PAR] Lieutenant-General Arthur Wellesley (1762-1852), Earl of Wellington, had been appointed to command in Portugal on 6 April 1809, following the death of General Sir John Moore. He had made his name in a series of campaigns in India, including significant victories against Tipu Sultan in 1799 and at Assaye in 1803. He had already had success against the French in the peninsula, defeating them at Talavera in July 1809, for which he was given the title Earl of Wellington. At Salamanca, Wellington’s army was 48,000-strong and included contingents of both Portuguese and Spanish troops. He also commanded 60 guns. [PAR] The Battle [PAR] By 22 July 1812 the two armies were west of Salamanca. Skirmishes broke out around two flat-topped hills that dominated the area, known as the Greater and Lesser Arapiles. The British occupied the Lesser whilst the French had the Greater. As the armies continued to move south-west, with Marshal Marmont attempting to block Wellington’s route to Portugal, Wellington’s forces remained hidden behind ridges north east of the Lesser Arapile. [PAR] Marmont believed he knew his enemy. Wellington was a defensive general and would not be attacked on ground not of his own choosing. When Marmont noticed dust clouds created by Wellington’s baggage train, he believed his whole army to be in retreat. He instantly ordered three divisions to sweep quickly westwards to cut off Wellington’s escape. [PAR] Wellington immediately seized his opportunity. Realising that Marmont had overstretched his forces, he launched a series of hammer-blows against the French columns. Major-General Edward Pakenham’s 3rd Division surprised Marmont’s left wing, which was shattered. Wellington then unleashed Major-General John Gaspard Le Marchant’s cavalry brigades, causing further havoc amongst French lines and accounting for ‘40,000 Frenchmen in 40 minutes’. Le Marchant himself was killed trying to break a French square. [PAR] Early in the battle both Marmont and his second-in-command, General Jean Pierre Bonnet"}, 'question': {'The battles of Talavera and Salamanca took place during which war?'}}

['peninsular war']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] A Rake's Progress | artble.comA Rake's Progress | artble.com [PAR] A Rake's Progress [PAR] A Rake's Progress Story / Theme [PAR] Plate 3: Cavorting with prostitutes [PAR] Plate 5: Marrying an old maid [PAR] In A Rake's Progress Hogarth depicts the story of Tom Rakewell, a young man who inherits money from his late father and squanders it on expensive clothes, prostitutes and gambling. [PAR] Although Tom is not portrayed as an evil character, he is certainly out of his depth, thrown into a life trying to emulate the aristocracy without the knowledge or the funds to sustain it. [PAR] Over eight plates Hogarth illustrates the life of Tom Rakewell; after losing his father and his fortune, he indulging in orgies and drunkenly cavorting with prostitutes. Having squandered his fortune Tom is forced to marry an older, wealthy woman in order to pay his debts. However, his attention is directed at the maid rather than his new wife. [PAR] He then loses his second fortune and is sent to the debtor's jail and eventually ends up in the notorious Bedlam Hospital for the insane which is full of a range of characters. Tom is comforted by the ever present Sarah Young, the maid he so greatly admires. [PAR] A Rake's Progress Inspirations for the Work [PAR] Plate 6: A gambling den at Soho's White Club [PAR] Plate 7: The notorious Fleet debtor's prison [PAR] Plate 8: Bedlam [PAR] Debtors' prison: [PAR] Hogarth's father was detained in Fleet debtor's prison for most of his childhood. Although the artist never talked about this in any of his biographical writings it must have had a profound effect on him. Certainly the conditions which Tom Rakewell found himself in must have been very similar to that of Hogarth's father. [PAR] Bedlam: [PAR] Bedlam was an infamous mental hospital in the 18th century and was open for viewing by the public for a small fee. Run by the infamous Baron Henry Brougham, there were many accounts of inmates being badly treated and abused. Hogarth's use of this setting reflects the 18th century view that madness was a result of moral weakness. [PAR] Local scandals: [PAR] The social scandals of the day can only have been inspirations for this satirical attack on the upper classes. Wealthy young men were often seen frequenting the drinking holes and brothels of London. Gambling and drinking were so popular that it's very likely Hogarth had read about or knew men in similar positions. [PAR] It was certainly very common for a poor young man to marry an older woman for her money. [PAR] Hogarth's Moral Values: [PAR] In all of Hogarth's paintings his strong moral code is very evident and he uses his work almost as an excuse to preach to society. A Presbyterian upbringing and strong moral standing meant that Hogarth was keen to use art as a way to shock the general public into action, concerning the vices and addictions that he felt were ruining English society. [PAR] A Rake's Progress Analysis [PAR] William Hogarth [PAR] Composition: [PAR] In A Rake's Progress Hogarth uses his theories on the analysis of beauty by including numerous characters within the scene and using symbolism to create an overcrowded composition in which the narrative is very clear. [PAR] The artist also uses his serpentine curves and his lighting techniques highlight various characters and aspects, while lesser characters are in the shadowy parts of the painting. [PAR] Painting style: [PAR] These works were later made into engravings and became publically available, being displayed in public buildings as well as private houses. Hogarth's style of painting is reminiscent to that of the Rococo fashion where loose lines and free hand movement dominate the work. [PAR] Color palette: [PAR] A rich color palette is also used in bright and muted tones as Hogarth makes red his primary color to accentuate the characters in the smoky tavern and dingy buildings. [PAR] He uses many brown tones in these works and overall warm colors dominate, with numerous chiaroscuro techniques. [PAR] A Rake's Progress Critical Reception [PAR] Brian Sewell [PAR] Industry and Idleness , 1747: [PAR] Produced later than A Rake's Progress, this series is darker and although still satirical, has a shocking quality to it which is not present in Hogarth's earlier offerings. [PAR] These plates illustrate"}, 'question': {'"Who made two series of engravings based on two series of his paintings, called ""A Rake\'s Progress"" and ""A Harlot\'s Progress""?"'}}

['william hogarth']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Diminuendo - definition of diminuendo by The Free DictionaryDiminuendo - definition of diminuendo by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Diminuendo - definition of diminuendo by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/diminuendo [PAR] di·min·u·en·do [PAR] \xa0(dĭ-mĭn′yo͞o-ĕn′dō) [PAR] n.adv. & adj. Abbr. dim. or dimin. Music [PAR] Decrescendo. [PAR] [Italian, present participle of diminuire, to diminish, from Latin dīminuere; see diminish.] [PAR] diminuendo [PAR] n, pl -dos [PAR] (Classical Music) [PAR] a. a gradual decrease in loudness or the musical direction indicating this. Abbreviation: dim or ≻ (written over the music affected) [PAR] b. a musical passage affected by a diminuendo [PAR] adj [PAR] 1. (Classical Music) gradually decreasing in loudness [PAR] 2. (Classical Music) with a diminuendo [PAR] Also: decrescendo [PAR] [C18: from Italian, from diminuire to diminish] [PAR] di•min•u•en•do [PAR] (dɪˌmɪn yuˈɛn doʊ) [PAR] adj., adv., n., pl. -does. Music. adj., adv. [PAR] 1. decrescendo. [PAR] [1765–75; < Italian, present participle of diminuire; see diminish ] [PAR] diminuendo [PAR] decrescendo [PAR] softness - a sound property that is free from loudness or stridency; "and in softness almost beyond hearing" [PAR] music - an artistic form of auditory communication incorporating instrumental or vocal tones in a structured and continuous manner [PAR] Adj. [PAR] B. VI → hacer un diminuendo [PAR] diminuendo [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster\'s page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] References in classic literature ? [PAR] The other alternative," said the Earl, "would be a diminuendo series of repetitions of the same type. [PAR] Cecil on track to crash Oaks rivals for six [PAR] We had won the Champagne Stakes on the Friday with Prince Of Dance, but the worry after the rain was that the ground would become loose on top, which wouldn\'t suit Minster Son, and also Diminuendo was in the race," he recalls. [PAR] Les operas francais reussissent a attirer l\'interet egyptien [PAR] It\'s a really bizarre experience because you\'ve got to learn how to read music, how to turn the page while keeping the bars going, how to keep the tempo on one hand and all the lovely crescendo and diminuendo on the other, and learn Italian and German," he says. [PAR] CRAIG\'S FRIGHT AT THE OPERA; Revel Horwood faces the music for a change [PAR] It\'s a really bizarre experience because you\'ve got to learn how to read music, how to turn the page while keeping the bars going, how to keep the tempo on this hand and all the lovely crescendo and diminuendo on the other hand, and learn Italian and German," he says. [PAR] Judgement day for Craig [PAR] It\'\'s a really bizarre experience because you\'\'ve got to learn how to read music, how to turn the page while keeping the bars going, how to keep the tempo on this hand and all the lovely crescendo and diminuendo on the other hand, and learn Italian and German, he says.[DOC] [TLE] Music Theory Dictionary - The Method Behind the MusicMusic Theory Dictionary - The Method Behind the Music [PAR] The Method Behind The Music [PAR] Contact Us [PAR] Jargon [PAR] This is a quick guide to common music terms. It should smooth out confusions caused by too much music jargon. [PAR] A [PAR] Accent [PAR] An accent is an emphasis on one note. Accents come in three types: dynamic, agogic, and tonic. This is the accent symbol <. [PAR] Accelerando [PAR] Italian. (accel). Directs the musicians to play with gradually increasing tempo. [PAR] Accidental [PAR] Symbols which are used to raised or lower the pitch of a note by one half step. Ex: sharps, flats, and naturals. [PAR] Adagio [PAR] Italian. (affret.) Quickening or hurrying. [PAR] Allargando [PAR] Italian. Gradually slower, louder, and broader. [PAR] Allegretto [PAR] Italian. (alltto.) Light and cheerful, faster than moderato, slower than allegro. [PAR] Allegro [PAR] Italian. A fast tempo. In Italian the word means'}, 'question': {'In music, what word means increasing the loudness of the tone?'}}

['crescendo' 'morendo' 'sfz' 'decrescendo' 'diminuendo']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] The sudden death of Alaric I (c. 370–410AD), the ...The sudden death of Alaric I (c. 370–410AD), the vanquisher of Rome: A tale of malaria and lacking immunity | European Federation of Internal Medicine [PAR] European Federation of Internal Medicine [PAR] The sudden death of Alaric I (c. 370–410AD), the vanquisher of Rome: A tale of malaria and lacking immunity [PAR] Published:\xa09 March 2016 [PAR] Author(s):\xa0Francesco M. Galassi, Raffaella Bianucci, Giacomo Gorini, Giacomo M. Paganotti, Michael E. Habicht, Frank J. Rühli [PAR] Read on EJIM website [PAR] Alaric I (c. 370–410AD), King of the Visigoths, sacked Rome for the second time in over eight centuries of history. Historians suggest that malaria, probably contracted either in Rome or in the Pontine Marshes, was responsible for his sudden death in Cosenza (Calabria) in the autumn of 410AD, where he was allegedly buried in the River Busento. In this article, we aim to examine this hypothesis through a full pathographic reassessment of the most likely cause of Alaric's demise.[DOC] [TLE] The Fall of Rome - YouTubeThe Fall of Rome - YouTube [PAR] The Fall of Rome [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Apr 6, 2010 [PAR] Video about the Visigoths sack of Rome in 410AD, clips are from the series Rome: Rise and Fall of an Empire and the music is from the soundtrack of the Austrian film Der Untergang [Downfall]. [PAR] In 410AD the Roman Empire was in crisis and falling apart. Barbarians tore through the Empire and rebellions erupted everywhere. The much diminished and weakened Roman armies were tied down on the borders or fighting rebels. In 410AD a barbarian tribe known as the Visigoths or Goths, led by their King Alaric, besieged the city of Rome itself. The young and weak Emperor was powerless and Rome poorly garrisoned. The Goths fell upon the ancient city, burning, looting, pillaging and killing. Rome was sacked again in 455AD and in 476AD the last Emperor in the West was deposed and the once glorious, invincible Empire ended. [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] The sudden death of Alaric I (c. 370-410AD), the ...The sudden death of Alaric I (c. 370-410AD), the vanquisher of Rome: A tale of malaria and lacking immunity. - PubMed - NCBI [PAR] Eur J Intern Med. 2016 Jun;31:84-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2016.02.020. Epub 2016 Mar 9. [PAR] The sudden death of Alaric I (c. 370-410AD), the vanquisher of Rome: A tale of malaria and lacking immunity. [PAR] Author information [PAR] 1Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: francesco.galassi@iem.uzh.ch. [PAR] 2Department of Public Health and Paediatric Sciences, Legal Medicine Section, Laboratory of Physical Anthropology, University of Turin, Corso Galileo Galilei 22, 10 126 Turin, Italy; Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, UMR 7268, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie bio-culturelle, Droit, Etique & Santé (Adés), France. [PAR] 3Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. [PAR] 4Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership, P.O. Box AC 157 ACH, Gaborone, Botswana; Perelmann School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Building 421, 5162, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States. [PAR] 5Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [PAR] Abstract [PAR] BACKGROUND: [PAR] Alaric I (c. 370-410AD), King of the Visigoths, sacked Rome for the second time in over eight centuries of history. Historians suggest that malaria, probably contracted either in Rome or in the Pontine Marshes, was responsible for his sudden death in Cosenza (Calabria) in the autumn of 410AD, where he was allegedly buried in the River Busento. In this article, we aim to examine this hypothesis through a full pathographic reassessment of"}, 'question': {'Alaric I was the King of which group who sacked Rome in 410AD?'}}

['visigoths']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Who is Ayda Field dating? Ayda Field boyfriend, husbandWho is Ayda Field dating? Ayda Field boyfriend, husband [PAR] Ayda Field and Robbie Williams have been married for 6 years since 7th Aug 2010. view relationship [PAR] Relationships [PAR] has had no other relationships that we know of. [PAR] About [PAR] Ayda Field [PAR] is a 37 year old American Actress. Born Ayda Sabahat Evecan on 17th May, 1979 in Los Angeles County, CA and educated at Harvard-Westlake High School, North Hollywood, CA (1997), she is famous for Days of Our Lives in a career that spans 2000–present. Her zodiac sign is Taurus. [PAR] Ayda Field [PAR] is a member of the following lists: Actresses from Los Angeles, California , Turkish actresses and American television actresses . [PAR] Contribute [PAR] Help us build our profile of Ayda Field! Login to add information, pictures and relationships, join in discussions and get credit for your contributions. [PAR] Relationship Statistics[DOC] [TLE] Ayda FieldAyda Field (born Ayda Sabahat Evecan; May 17, 1979) is an American film and television actress. She was born in Los Angeles, California, to a Turkish father and an American mother. [PAR] Early life [PAR] She attended Harvard-Westlake School, where she graduated in 1997. Her father is Turkish and she is fluent in English, Turkish, and speaks French and Italian as well. She is the daughter of American movie producer Gwen Field. [PAR] Television career [PAR] Field first became known on the NBC soap opera Days of Our Lives, but has subsequently specialised in comedy roles. She was a regular on Blue Collar TV, guest starred in the sitcom Eve and appeared as Jeannie Whatley on NBC's Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip. On the Fox sitcom Back to You she played Montana Diaz Herrera (a.k.a. Sally Lerner), News 9's weather woman. She appeared in 10 episodes of Season One. [PAR] Field also joined the cast of a sitcom pilot, Making It Legal, as a lawyer named Elise. ABC did not pick up the pilot. In June 2008, she was cast for the female lead on ABC's untitled David Kohan/Max Mutchnick comedy pilot, replacing Sarah Lafleur. [PAR] Field made her UK TV debut in the final series of Fresh Meat in 2016. She is due to start in a prime time ITV drama in 2017 [PAR] Field joined ITV Loose Women in March 2016, as a guest panellist she has made eight appearances so far, most recently 8th July 2016. [PAR] Personal life [PAR] Field is married to English singer-songwriter Robbie Williams. They had been dating since May 2006 and living together since 2009. In November 2009, Williams proposed to Field during a live interview on Australian radio station 2Day FM but later said the proposal was a joke and they are not engaged. Later it was confirmed that they became engaged over Christmas. She and Williams wed at his home in Mulholland Estates in Beverly Hills on August 7, 2010. On 30 March 2012, Williams and Field announced they were expecting their first child together, a girl. On September 18, 2012, the couple welcomed their first child, daughter Theodora Rose 'Teddy' Williams. They had a son, Charlton Valentine Williams, on October 27, 2014. The labour was live-tweeted by Williams.[DOC] [TLE] Blitz2000 - Evergreen Songs: March 2012Blitz2000 - Evergreen Songs: March 2012 [PAR] Blitz2000 - Evergreen Songs [PAR] Robbie William Young. See Other Celebs Before They Famous [PAR] Biography Robert Peter Williams [PAR] Robert Peter Williams (born 13 February 1974) known as Robbie Williams, is an English singer-songwriter, vocal coach and occasional actor. He is a member of the pop group Take That. [PAR] Williams rose to fame in the band's first run in the early- to mid-1990s. After many disagreements with the management and certain group members, Williams left the group in 1995 to launch his solo career. On 15 July 2010, it was announced he had rejoined Take That and that the group intended to release a new album in November 2010 which became the second fastest-selling album of all-time in"}, 'question': {'Who has been romantically linked to Turkish-American actress Ayda Field since 2004?'}}

['robbie williams']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Potato Growth Cycles | Home Guides | SF GatePotato Growth Cycles | Home Guides | SF Gate [PAR] Potato Growth Cycles [PAR] Potato Growth Cycles [PAR] The thickened underground stem tips of the potato plant produce the part that is edible. [PAR] One of the most widely-grown vegetables in the United States, the potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a stem tuber. The rhizome, or the root mass, of the potato plant is enlarged and is the part of the vegetable that is eaten. The potato has five primary stages of development during its short life cycle, lasting between three to four months. Because the potato grows underground, not all of the changes that take place are visible. [PAR] Sprouting [PAR] During the first stage, the eyes from the potato piece develop sprouts which emerge from the ground. These sprouts become the visible, above-ground portion of the potato plant, the stems and leaves. During this stage, the piece of potato is the only source of nutrition for the plant. The temperature of the soil will affect how long this stage takes and sprouting will not happen if the soil temperatures are too close to freezing. [PAR] Vegetative State [PAR] This second or vegetative stage of the potato's growth cycle is when the visible portion of the plant emerges and develops. The leaves, stem and root system of the plant grow and photosynthesis begins, providing nourishment for the growing plant. During this stage, warmer temperatures of 77 degrees Fahrenheit or more and long days of 14 to 18 hours of sunlight are preferred. The sprouting and the vegetative states combined can last from 30 to 70 days. [PAR] Tuber Initiation [PAR] The tubers begin forming at the stolon tips of the potato plant, but they are not yet enlarging at this stage. The stolon tips are the underground stems and most of the potato mass lies 18 to 24 inches below the soil surface. The shallow location of the tubers means that sufficient water is very important to healthy potato growth. Along with watering, photosynthesis continues to nourish the plant and nutrients are stored in these early tubers in preparation for the next stage, when they begin to bulk up. This tuber initiation period will last for about 2 weeks. For most potato varieties, this is the period when the plant also begins to flower. [PAR] Tuber Bulking [PAR] The tuber cells expand and grow significantly in the next stage. There is a buildup of carbohydrates, water and other nutrients in the tubers. This stage lasts the longest, taking up to three months to complete, depending on the growing conditions and type of potato plant. During this period, the plant prefers cooler temperatures and shorter days. [PAR] Maturation [PAR] Photosynthesis now begins to slow down, leading to yellowing vines and fallen leaves. As the potato tubers continue to bulk up during this period, the visible portion of the plant will slowly die. However, if the potato variety has a longer life cycle than the growing season, the maturation stage may not fully finish before harvest needs to take place. As the potato plant progress through this stage, the skin of the potato toughens up, making it more storage friendly.[DOC] [TLE] Potato - BioWeb Home\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 The growth of a potato can be broken down into five stages. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] \xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 The table above has been reproduced with permission from Johnson, D. A., ed., 2008, Potato Health Management, 2nd ed., American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. [PAR] \xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 Growth Stage I: Sprout Development [PAR] \xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 The first stage begins with sprouts developing from the eyes and ends at emergence from the soil.\xa0 The eyes of a potato are the little black spots that appear on the skin of the potato.\xa0 The stems of the potato sprout from the eyes.\xa0 The seed piece, or seed tuber, is the only energy source for growth during this stage. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Growth Stage II: Vegetative Growth [PAR] \xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 The second stage is the stage in which all vegetative parts of the plants (leaves, branches, roots, and stolons) are formed. It begins at emergence and lasts until tubers start to develop. [PAR] \xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 Growth stages I and II"}, 'question': {'What type of growth is a potato?'}}

['tubers' 'tuber']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] IWC | International Whaling CommissionIWC | International Whaling Commission [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] The International Whaling Commission [PAR] The International Whaling Commission (IWC) is the global body charged with the conservation of whales and the management of whaling.\xa0 The IWC currently has 88 member governments from countries all over the world. \xa0All members are signatories to the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling.\xa0 This Convention is the legal framework which established the IWC in 1946.\xa0 [PAR] Uncertainty over whale numbers led to the introduction of a ‘moratorium’ on commercial whaling in 1986.\xa0 This remains in place although the Commission continues to set catch limits for aboriginal subsistence whaling.\xa0 Today, the Commission also works to understand and address a wide range of non-whaling threats to cetaceans including entanglement, ship strike, marine debris, climate change and other environmental concerns. \xa0[DOC] [TLE] International Whaling Commission :: Office of ...International Whaling Commission :: Office of International Affairs [PAR] The International Whaling Commission (IWC) was established under the 1946 International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling \xa0 [PAR] to provide for the proper conservation of whale stocks and orderly development of the whaling industry. \xa0The IWC meets this mandate in part through the review, and revision as necessary, of the measures outlined in the Schedule to the Convention [PAR] . \xa0The IWC also conducts a number of activities related to cetacean conservation.\xa0 The IWC normally meets every other year to review the condition of whale stocks and to modify conservation measures, as appropriate.\xa0 Currently, there are 88 member nations [PAR] .\xa0 The United States has been an active member of the IWC since its establishment in 1948. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [PAR] NMFS Southwest Regional Office [PAR] Regulation of Whaling under the International Whaling Commission [PAR] There are generally three types of whaling: \xa0commercial, scientific, and aboriginal subsistence whaling.\xa0 In 1986, a global moratorium on commercial whaling was adopted due to over exploitation of whale stocks.\xa0 In addition, the IWC has designated sanctuary areas in the Indian and Southern Oceans where commercial whaling may not occur.\xa0 Despite the fact that the moratorium is still in place, some countries still engage in commercial whaling. \xa0Norway and Iceland engage in commercial whaling activities under an objection to the moratorium, and reservation to the Convention, respectively. \xa0Japan conducts lethal scientific research in the North Pacific and Southern Oceans, under special permit provisions of Article VIII of the Convention.\xa0 [PAR] The IWC also regulates aboriginal subsistence whaling [PAR] . \xa0Currently, the IWC permits this activity on certain whale stocks harvested by aboriginals from Denmark (Greenland), the Russian Federation, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and the United States. \xa0Subject to domestic legal requirements, the U.S. works with the indigenous communities in Alaska \xa0and Washington State \xa0to ensure that IWC established catch limits meet their cultural and subsistence needs. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] The Role of Science in the IWC [PAR] The Convention places a strong emphasis on scientific advice. \xa0To this end, the IWC has established a Scientific Committee [PAR] , which is comprised of approximately 200 of the world’s leading whale biologists, including invited experts. \xa0The Scientific Committee meets annually, and has produced catch limit algorithms to provide for catch limits for commercial and subsistence whaling that are sustainable and appropriately precautionary. \xa0In addition, the Scientific Committee responds to IWC questions regarding conservation issues facing cetaceans. \xa0 Learn more about the status of whale species . [PAR] Related Documents[DOC] [TLE] International Whaling Commission (IWC) - StateInternational Whaling Commission (IWC) [PAR] International Whaling Commission (IWC) [PAR] Share [PAR] The International Whaling Commission (IWC) was established under the 1946 International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling to provide for the proper conservation of whale stocks and orderly development of the whaling industry. The Commission meets this mandate through the review, and revision as necessary, of the measures outlined in the Schedule to the Convention . These measures, among other things, provide for the protection of certain species; designate specified areas as whale sanctuaries; set limits on the numbers and size of whales that may be taken; prescribe open and closed seasons and areas for whaling; and prohibit the striking'}, 'question': {'The IWC, established in 1946, is the International ... what ... Commission?'}}

['whaling' 'commercial whaling']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] How Long Do Supreme Court Justices Serve?How Long Do Supreme Court Justices Serve? [PAR] How long do Supreme Court Justices serve? [PAR] By Martin Kelly [PAR] Question: How long do Supreme Court Justices serve? [PAR] Answer: The US Constitution states that once confirmed by the Senate, a justice serves for life. However, they may retire if they wish. They can also be impeached and removed from the court if they do not maintain “good behavior.” Only one Supreme Court Justice has been impeached: Samuel Chase in 1805. However, Chase was later acquitted by the Senate.[DOC] [TLE] The Supreme Court: Q & A | NCJWThe Supreme Court: Q & A | NCJW [PAR] The Supreme Court: Q & A [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] What is the Supreme Court? [PAR] The United States Supreme Court is the highest federal court and has the final word on appeals from the federal circuit courts. [PAR] About the Supreme Court of the United States [PAR] Article III of the US Constitution articulates the powers of the judiciary and establishes the Supreme Court of the United States. The Constitution empowers Congress to determine the structure of the federal court system, including the number of trial courts, appeals courts, and special courts, and even the number of justices who sit on the Supreme Court (currently nine). The President of the United States nominates judges and justices, and appointments are made with the advice and consent of the Senate. The primary task of the Supreme Court is to rule on appeals of decisions made by the federal circuit courts, as well as special cases, such as border disputes between the states. [PAR] What kinds of cases does the Court consider? [PAR] The Supreme Court hears only about 100 of the roughly 7,000 cases appealed to it each year. When the Court accepts a case, it grants a\xa0writ of certiorari\xa0— hence the expression “the Court granted (or denied) cert.” [PAR] An appeal from a circuit court must be based on an assertion that the circuit court’s interpretation of the law or Constitution was incorrect. Generally, the Supreme Court only accepts cases where two or more circuit courts of appeal have disagreed, or where an unusually important point of law is in dispute. The US Supreme Court also hears appeals from state supreme courts where it is alleged that the state decision violated the federal Constitution. [PAR] In addition, the Court hears disputes between states. These cases are filed directly with the Court and are very rare. One example was when New York and New Jersey argued over who owned Ellis Island (New Jersey won). [PAR] What is the role of the Chief Justice? [PAR] The Chief Justice sets the agenda and chairs meetings of the justices where they decide what cases to accept, and he presides over the court’s oral arguments. When he is in the majority in a particular case, the Chief Justice assigns the majority opinion to another justice to write, or he can decide to write it himself. (When the Chief Justice is in the minority, the most senior justice in the majority assigns the opinion.) [PAR] As de facto head administrator of the federal courts, the Chief Justice appoints various officers of the court and members of boards and committees. He also authors an annual report. As head of the Judicial Conference, he leads efforts to lobby Congress on behalf of the courts regarding judicial pay, any need for additional judicial seats in a particular court, and courthouse construction and repair. [PAR] Finally, the Chief Justice presides over Senate impeachment trials of the President. [PAR] How are Supreme Court justices appointed? [PAR] The Supreme Court’s nine justices are appointed for life. They are nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate. [PAR] How often have Supreme Court nominations been rejected?\xa0\xa0 [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] The nomination by President George Washington in 1795 of John Rutledge to be the Chief Justice was the first to be rejected by the Senate. The rejection is attributed to Rutledge’s view of the Jay Treaty, which he proclaimed to be pro-British. The Senate made it clear then that a nominee’s views would be considered as well as his qualifications. [PAR] A total of 28 nominees have'}, 'question': {'For how long is a US Supreme Court Justice appointed?'}}

['life']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] About Carrageenan - Natural Products INSIDERAbout Carrageenan [PAR] About Carrageenan [PAR] September 20, 2012 [PAR] By Maureen Akins and Harold Nicoll, Contributing Editors [PAR] Carrageenans are a specialized category of hydrocolloids that originate from red seaweed (Rhodophycae). Carrageenan in its various forms provides the physical characteristics food scientists need when formulating food and beverage products that require gelling or added viscosity. The use of carrageenan in food dates back to approximately 400 A.D. in Ireland. Early Irish cooks discovered they could extract a thickener similar to carrageenan from Irish moss. Since the 1970s, food and beverage companies have discovered that carrageenan is useful for its superior gelling and thickening properties. It is these qualities that make it useful for use in frozen desserts, dairy- or soy-based beverages, baked goods and even formed proteins. [PAR] Going to the source [PAR] Carrageenans can either be harvested directly from seaweed beds in the ocean or farmed in controlled settings.\xa0 Typical harvesting areas include the Americas, Europe and Asia, including China, Japan, Korea and Philippines.\xa0 Depending on the type of water and growing conditions, unique species will provide different characteristics to the resulting carrageenans. After harvesting, carrageenans are generally processed into fully refined or semi-refined products. Fully refined products are processed either using an alcohol-precipitation method or a gel-press method. These refined methods produce the highest quality material with the least amount of odor, color and extraneous cellular material. Semi-refined products undergo a much less-intensive process and are simply alkali-extracted, bleached, dried and milled into a usable powder. Depending on the end application, it may be possible to use a more cost-effective semi-refined (formally referred to as PNG – Philippine Natural Grade) as opposed to the more costly, but higher quality, fully refined carrageenans. [PAR] Kappa, iota, lambda [PAR] Three main categories of carrageenans are typically used in the food industry today: kappa, iota and lambda. There are also combinations of kappa-iota and kappa-lambda type carrageenans frequently used for their complementary functionalities.\xa0 Several common species include Chondrus crispus (mixture of kappa and lambda), Kappaphycus alvarezii (mainly kappa), Eucheuma denticulatum (mainly iota), Gigartina skottsbergii (mainly kappa, some iota), and Sarcothalia crispata (mixture of kappa and lambda). All carrageenans have a relatively simple molecular structure, made of a linear polymer of galactose sugars with intermittent sulfate substitutions, which identifies the type of carrageenan.\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 [PAR] From a structure-function perspective, the lower the amount of substitution on the galactose backbone, the higher the exhibited gel strength will be in the finished product.\xa0 Kappa carrageenan has the lowest amount of sulfate substitution and therefore the highest gel strength and highest level of brittleness. Iota carrageenans have an intermediate level of substitution and therefore weaker overall gel strength, but they exhibit excellent flexibility and syneresis control. The third category of carrageenans, lambda, is not utilized as a gelling agent, but instead provides viscosity and better mouthfeel. Lambda carrageenans have the highest level of substitution and therefore will not gel unless under the right conditions (e.g., the presence of milk proteins.) The addition of ions, such as potassium and calcium, can increase the gelling properties of kappa and iota carrageenans, respectively. [PAR] Carrageenans perform best when used in neutral environments, like milk systems, but specific types can tolerate more-acidic conditions, as long as milk proteins are not present in the system. Physical measurements generally used to quantify carrageenan performance include: ability to gel in milk, salt, and water systems; viscosity (water); milk reactivity; ash content; and mesh profile.\xa0 [PAR] Functional uses [PAR] Dairy manufacturers have long used carrageenan for suspension and mouthfeel characteristics in beverages like chocolate milk, and dairy-alternative products such as soy milk. Formulations made with carrageenan will effectively maintain insoluble ingredients in suspension—due to the formation of a gel network—while simultaneously improving mouth coating, a desirable sensory attribute. Carrageenans help maintain freeze/thaw stability and proper eating characteristics in reduced-fat/ reduced-sugar ice cream. Manufacturers of pudding and gelled desserts depend on carrageenan to provide gelation,'}, 'question': {'Carageen, used in cosmetics and foods is a type of what?'}}

['seaweed']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Assassination of President Lincoln | Theatre AssassinationAssassination of President Lincoln | Theatre Assassination [PAR] Powered By VerisignTM [PAR] Assassination of Abraham Lincoln [PAR] On Friday April 14, 1865, the United States of America was shocked when President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated. The president was at Ford\'s Theater attending a play called Our American Cousin, and he was assassinated by an actor named John Wilkes Booth. But John Wilkes Booth was no ordinary actor at Ford\'s Theater. Booth was a highly respected actor who used his charisma, charm, and good looks to forge a very successful career on stages around the country. The assassination of the president was only one part of a conspiracy that Booth concocted to overthrow the entire United States government. Booth had targeted the vice president and several other members of the federal government for assassination by his cohorts on the same night he was to kill the president, but Booth would be the only person who would succeed in eliminating his target. [PAR] Prior to the assassination, on March 17, 1865, Booth and his group attempted to kidnap President Lincoln as the president left Campbell Military Hospital after attending a play called Still Waters Run Deep. But the plan was thwarted when the president decided to attend a different military ceremony instead of attending the play. It was at that point that Booth indicated that he had plans to kill the president as the president gave his inaugural address, but he could not get close enough to the president to pull off his plan. Booth vowed to get the job done, and he chose April 14 as his date. [PAR] Approximately 10 days before the assassination, President Lincoln revealed to his wife, Mary Todd, that he had a dream about people weeping in the White House over the death of an important figure. When the president asked a soldier in his dream who everyone was crying about, the solider said, "the president." The timing of that dream was never lost on Mary Todd Lincoln, and she often referred to it when discussing the assassination in subsequent interviews. [PAR] The day of the assassination, Booth had awoken at around midnight and started writing letters to his mother and other family members indicating that he was about to make a decisive move for what he called "their important cause." He spent the day making arrangements with his conspirators and then headed over to Ford\'s Theater to collect his mail and make his plans for the night. [PAR] The president had a very pleasant day leading up to the assassination, but he had been disappointed when his son decided to stay home for the night and sleep. Lincoln\'s son had fought in the Civil War and had just arrived home to the White House a few days earlier. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant and his wife were supposed to accompany the president to the theater that night, but they had to cancel for personal reasons. In the general\'s place was sent Maj. Henry Rathbone and his wife. While the major was not necessarily sent as a security guard, his military experience was thought to offer the president an additional layer of security. [PAR] At approximately 10:25 p.m., Booth used his status as a familiar actor to the theater\'s staff to gain access to the outer lobby of the president\'s box. Booth was surprised to see that there were no security guards anywhere in the lobby, so he slowly opened the door to the president\'s box and prepared his Philadelphia Derringer pistol to be fired. Booth waited for a line in the play that elicited a particularly loud round of laughter from the audience, and that is when he lurched forward and shot President Lincoln once in the back of the head. [PAR] After firing the fatal shot, Booth leaped from the box to the stage shouting the Virginia state motto, "Sic semper tyrannis!", which is Latin for "Thus always the tyrants!" As Booth leaped to the stage, he caught the spur of his boot on the American flag that draped over the president\'s box and fell to the stage in an awkward manner. He broke his leg and limped off the stage as quickly as he could. [PAR] The entire theater, audience and theater staff included, thought that what had happened was part'}, 'question': {'Which president of the USA was assassinated in 1865?'}}

['lincoln']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] The only breed of dog named after a literary character ...The only breed of dog named after a literary character! - Nicola Cornick [PAR] Blog Navigation → [PAR] The only breed of dog named after a literary character! [PAR] One of the “characters” in Whisper of Scandal is Max the terrier. Max, whose topknot ribbon is always colour-co-ordinated to Joanna’s gown, gives the impression of being lazy and – [PAR] dare I say it – a little bit stupid, but of course like many dogs he simply has his world arranged to suit his own convenience and is clever enough to get away with it. Alex quickly learns that if he throws Max out of the bedroom the dog will find away to sneak back in – and creep into bed between him and Joanna. [PAR] \xa0Max was in fact modelled on Becky, a much-loved Dandie Dinmont terrier who has been one of our family pets for eleven years. Sadly Becky passed away a couple of days ago and so this is my tribute to her. Becky, you were brave and clever and very warm. You were wilful, determined and tenacious. You had the heart of a lion inside a terrier’s body! [PAR] \xa0No one is quite sure of the origins of the Dandie Dinmont breed but there are various theories.\xa0 One idea is that Dandies are a cross between an Otterhound and another breed of terrier, and the deep bark and hound-like ears of the breed are cited to support this theory. What is certain is that a distinctive terrier, low to the ground, long backed and rough coated has existed in the Border Counties of Scotland since at least the mid 18th century. [PAR] \xa0The Dandie is the only breed of dog to be named after a fictional character. In Sir Walter Scott’s 1814 novel “Guy Mannering”, Dandie Dinmont was a farmer who kept six terriers of this description on his farm. The old farmer\xa0had only two\xa0names for any of his dogs. His six dogs were named Auld Pepper, Auld Mustard, Young Pepper, Young Mustard, Little Pepper and Little Mustard. To this day the two colours of the breed are still known as Pepper, which is a blue gray/black and Mustard, a creamy golden brown. [PAR] \xa0Walter Scott’s description of Mr Dandie Dinmont and his dogs was said to match very closely a James Davidson who was a tenant farmer of Hindlee on Lord Douglas’s estate in the Teviotdale hills. Scott however claimed that he did not draw his character from any one individual, but from up to a dozen or so of the Liddesdale yeomen of his acquaintance. The publication of “Guy Mannering” sparked a craze for Dandie Dinmont terriers, which were bred by border farmers to meet the demand. [PAR] \xa0Because “Guy Mannering” was not published until 1814 and Whisper of Scandal takes place in 1811 I have not called Max a Dandie in the story to avoid anachronism. But there is no doubt he looked liked a Dandie Dinmont, that clever, affectionate and tenacious breed.[DOC] [TLE] 22 Disappearing Dog Breeds - CBS NewsDisappearing dogs? - 22 Disappearing Dog Breeds - Pictures - CBS News [PAR] Next [PAR] Disappearing dogs? [PAR] Britain\'s Kennel Club declared the corgi, that most English of dog breeds, might be at risk of disappearing in the U.K. The little herders are still going strong in the United States, but there are many canine types whose numbers have dwindled. Here\'s a list of current and recent "vulnerable breeds" provided by Britain\'s Kennel Club. [PAR] Credit: TIMOTHY A. CLARY/AFP/Getty Images [PAR] Bloodhound [PAR] It\'s hard to imagine that this police favorite ever dwindled in popularity, but back in 2013, the Kennel Club registered only 51 bloodhounds. The breed is now thought to be doing fine. [PAR] Credit: TIMOTHY A. CLARY/AFP/Getty Images [PAR] Cardigan Welsh Corgi [PAR] This tiny body needs a lot of exercise and stimulation. Sadly, new registrations have fluctuated between\xa0only\xa056 to 108 in recent years. [PAR] Credit: TIMOTHY A. CLARY/AFP/Getty Images [PAR] Dandie Dinmont Terrier [PAR] This well-coifed breed is thought'}, 'question': {'What is the only breed of dog to be named after a character in fiction?'}}

['dandie dinmont' 'dandie dinmont terrier']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] U.S. States Named after Kings or Queens?Which U.S. States Are Named After Kings and Queens? [PAR] By Matt Rosenberg [PAR] Updated August 10, 2016. [PAR] Seven of the\xa0U.S. states are named after sovereigns - four are named for kings and three are named for queens. These include some of the oldest colonies and territories in what is now the United States and the royal names paid tribute to the rulers of either France and England. [PAR] The list of states includes Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia. Can you guess which kings and queens inspired each name? [PAR] The 'Carolinas' Have British Royalty Roots [PAR] North and South Carolina have a long and complicated history. Two of the 13 original colonies, they began as a single colony\xa0but were divided shortly after because it was too much land to govern. [PAR] The name 'Carolina'\xa0is often attributed as an honor of King Charles I of England (1625-1649), yet that is not entirely true.\xa0 What is fact is that\xa0Charles is 'Carolus' in Latin and that inspired 'Carolina.' [PAR] However, the French explorer, Jean Ribault first called the region Carolina when he tried colonizing Florida in the 1560's. [PAR] During that time, he established an outpost known as Charlesfort in what is now South Carolina. The French King at the time? Charles IX who was crowned in 1560. [PAR] When the British colonists established their settlements in the Carolinas, it was shortly after the 1649\xa0execution of\xa0King Charles I of England and they retained the name in his honor. When his son took over the crown in 1661, the colonies were also an honor to his rule. [PAR] In a way, the Carolinas pay tribute to all three King Charles. [PAR] 'Georgia' Was Inspired by a British King [PAR] Georgia was one of the original 13 colonies that became the United States. It was the last colony established and it became official in 1732, just five years after King George II was crowned King of England. [PAR] The name\xa0'Georgia'\xa0was clearly inspired by the new king. The suffix\xa0 -ia\xa0was used often by the colonizing nations when naming new lands in honor of important people. [PAR] King George II did not live long enough to see his namesake become a state. He died in 1760 and was succeeded by his grandson, King George III, who reigned during the American Revolutionary War. [PAR] 'Louisiana' Has French Origins [PAR] In 1671, French explorers claimed a large portion of central North America for France. They named the area in honor of King Louis XIV, who reigned from 1643 until his death in 1715. [PAR] The name\xa0'Louisiana'\xa0begins with a clear reference to the king. The suffix\xa0 -iana\xa0is often used to refer to a collection \xa0of objects in regards to the collector. Therefore, we can loosely associate\xa0Louisiana\xa0as 'a collection of lands owned by King Louis XIV.' [PAR] This territory became known as the Louisiana Territory and was purchased by Thomas Jefferson in 1803. In total, the Louisiana Purchase was for 828,000 square miles between the Mississippi River and the\xa0Rocky Mountains. The state of Louisiana formed the southern border and became a state in 1812. [PAR] 'Maryland' Was Named After a British Queen\xa0 [PAR] Maryland also has an association with King Charles I yet, in this case, it was named for his wife.\xa0 [PAR] George Calvert was granted a charter in 1632 for a region east of the Potomac. The first settlement was St. Mary's and the territory was named Maryland. All of this was in honor of Henrietta Maria, queen \xa0consort of Charles I of England and daughter of King Henry IV of France. [PAR] The 'Virginias' Were Named for a Virgin Queen [PAR] Virginia (and subsequently West Virginia) was settled by Sir Walter Raleigh in 1584. He named this new land after the English monarch of the time, Queen Elizabeth I. But how did he get 'Virginia'\xa0out of Elizabeth? [PAR] Elizabeth I was crowned in 1559 and died in 1603"}, 'question': {'Which US state is named for a King of France?'}}

['louisiana' 'state of louisiana']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Pugilist Synonyms, Pugilist Antonyms | Merriam-Webster ...Pugilist Synonyms, Pugilist Antonyms | Merriam-Webster Thesaurus [PAR] one that engages in the sport of fighting with the fists <a pugilist with the trademark of the boxing ring: a nose that showed signs of having been broken on more than one occasion> Synonyms fighter , gladiator , prizefighter , pug , boxer Related Words palooka , slugger , stumblebum ; bantamweight , cruiserweight , featherweight , flyweight , heavyweight , light heavyweight , lightweight , middleweight , superheavyweight , welterweight [PAR] Learn More about pugilist[DOC] [TLE] Pugilist | Definition of Pugilist by Merriam-WebsterPugilist | Definition of Pugilist by Merriam-Webster [PAR] See pugilist defined for kids [PAR] Examples of pugilist in a sentence [PAR] <a pugilist with the trademark of the boxing ring: a nose that showed signs of having been broken on more than one occasion> [PAR] Circa 1740 [PAR] First Known Use of pugilist [PAR] circa 1740[DOC] [TLE] Open Mic: Which Sport Has the Best Athletes? | Bleacher ReportOpen Mic: Which Sport Has the Best Athletes? | Bleacher Report [PAR] Open Mic: Which Sport Has the Best Athletes? [PAR] By Jeff Little , Senior Writer [PAR] Jun 20, 2008 [PAR] Use your ← → (arrow) keys to browse more stories [PAR] 3.5K [PAR] Sports fans have debated this topic for years. [PAR] There has never been a conclusion to this argument and probably never will. [PAR] It is difficult to provide facts as oppose to personal opinion. Every sport or all athletic competition requires a different skill set. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] I have been an athlete for the majority of my life and as I kid, I played soccer in grade school. I had fun playing, but like most Americans it didn’t appeal to me as much as Football, Basketball and Baseball did. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] I can recall spending some time in Germany and watching several soccer matches, it was then that I gained a strong appreciation for the sport. It was then that I learned the term American football. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] I can say the same for the sport of Hockey. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Hockey isn’t played in the inner cities due to economics, the cost of equipment, getting to and from the arena, the specialized coaching, etc. There are a tremendous amount of foreign players and the American players are from the northeast, Northern Midwest or the state of Colorado. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] I’ll even go as far as to say that a large number of American hockey players live in or near the cities of the “Original Six.” [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] I love the competitiveness of the athletes in the sport and the fierce battles that happen on the ice. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] The heightened intensity of the playoffs is outstanding. The majority of the players are good guys, great athletes and solid citizens that aren’t portrayed negatively in the media. \xa0 [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Their skill level, as high as it is, doesn’t necessarily translate to being able to have success at sports other than hockey. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] To find an answer to this age old question and come to a conclusion: we need to look at it in more than one-way. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] The Most Physically Demanding Sports \xa0\xa0 [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] 5)\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 Soccer / Cycling [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] The list above shows which sports require not only a high level of conditioning, endurance, athleticism and skill but also ones where an athlete’s body has to dish out as well as take a beating. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] The top four are the epitome of competition you want to accomplish a certain goal and someone is right there to stop you. These sports represent the best pound-for-pound athletes. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] The above-mentioned sports also have athletes whose skill level will allow them to make a smooth transition to other sports. Several top basketball players have outstanding footwork due to playing soccer earlier in life. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Athletes like Hakeem Olajuwon & Steve Nash come to mind. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] The sports listed one through four also represents the sports that require the most mental toughness as well. The skill to disregard what has happened in the past and to live in the moment and'}, 'question': {'A pugilist is a competitor in which sport?'}}

['pugilist']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Jack Nicklaus Biography - Light a FireJack Nicklaus Biography [PAR] Jack Nicklaus Books [PAR] Jack William Nicklaus who was on born January 21, 1940 is widely regarded as the greatest professional golfer of all time. His records in major championships have earned him the nickname “The Golden Bear”. Jack Nicklaus has accumulated an astounding record of 18 professional majors in a PGA Tour career that lasted 25 years, (1962 to 1986). Later, when on the Champions Tour, (which is the senior version of the PGA Tour) he won 8 of that tour’s major championships between 1990 and 1996. It is only a reflection to Jack Nicklaus’s golf brilliance that both records still stand today. [PAR] Jack did not limit himself to only activities on the golf course but has also taken part in many off-course activities, that include golf course design, golf instruction book writing, and running his own tournament on the PGA Tour,(aptly named the Memorial Tournament). In conjunction with Arnold Palmer and Gary Player (who are known collectively as the “Big Three”), he is credited with turning golf into the major spectator sport. While Palmer is credited with bringing golf into the television era, it was the developing Nicklaus-Palmer-Player rivalry that drove subsequent interest. [PAR] Jack Nicklaus was born in Columbus, Ohio. He grew up in the suburb of Upper Arlington, and attended Upper Arlington High School. This is where he earned his nickname “The Golden Bear”, as that was the school’s mascot. After overcoming a mild case of polio as a child, he then took up golf at the age of ten, where he shot 51 for his first nine holes. At 13, he then broke 70. He showed early golf genuis when he won the first of five straight Ohio State Junior titles at the age of twelve. He then went on to win the Ohio State Open in 1956 at age 16, while competing against professionals. At the 1960 U.S. Open, he shot a 282, finishing second by two strokes to Arnold Palmer, who won the tournament with a final round 65. Even today this score remains the lowest ever made by an amateur player in the U.S. Open. He went on to represent the United States, against Great Britain and Ireland, on winning Walker Cup teams in both 1959 and 1961, winning both of his matches in each contest. He was also a member of the victorious 1960 U.S. Eisenhower Trophy team, winning the unofficial individual title with a four-round score of 269,(another record which still stands). It is understandable when Nicklaus was named the world’s top amateur golfer by Golf Digest magazine for three straight years, in 1959-1961. [PAR] In 1962 Nicklaus began his professional career. His first professional win came in the same year, when he defeated the heavily favored Arnold Palmer at Oakmont for the 1962 U.S. Open. Before the end of the year Nicklaus had picked up two more wins, with those being the Seattle Open and the Portland Open back-to-back. He finished 1962 with over $60,000 in prize-money, which placed him third on the tour money list. He was then named Rookie of the Year. What was to follow was a career filled with wins on every level and almost every major golf course in the world. The highlight of Jack Nicklaus career being known as the Career Slam in 1978 when he won all four majors three times. Until Tiger Woods, no other golfer had won every major more than once. [PAR] Jack and his wife, Barbara have 5 children and 20 grandchildren. They stay busy with charity work including major work and donations for children’s hospitals. He counts among his highest honors the following awards: [PAR] • 1985 Golf Family of the Year presented by National Golf Foundation [PAR] • 1992 Family of the Year presented by the Metropolitan Golf Writers Association [PAR] • 1999 Father of the Year Award presented by Minority Golf Association of America. [PAR] \xa0[DOC] [TLE] The 18thole your source for the Best golf related merchandiseThe 18thole your source for the Best golf related merchandise [PAR]'}, 'question': {'In the 25 years from 1962 to 1986, which golfer won a record 18 professional major championships?'}}

['golden bear' 'jack nicklaus' 'jack william nicklaus' 'nicklaus']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Harold Larwood - Alchetron, The Free Social EncyclopediaHarold Larwood - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia [PAR] I am Smart, Intelligent and Hard Working who Loves to help :) [PAR] Harold Larwood [PAR] Spouse\xa0\xa0Lois Bird (m. 1927) [PAR] Height\xa0\xa05\xa0ft 8\xa0in (1.73\xa0m) [PAR] Bowling style\xa0\xa0Right arm fast [PAR] Name\xa0\xa0Harold Larwood [PAR] Died\xa0\xa0July 22, 1995, Randwick [PAR] Born\xa0\xa014 November 1904 (1904-11-14) Nuncargate, Nottinghamshire, England [PAR] Test debut (cap\xa0225)\xa0\xa026 June 1926\xa0v\xa0Australia [PAR] Harold larwood biography and cricket career [PAR] Sponsored Links [PAR] Harold Larwood (14 November 1904\xa0– 22 July 1995) was a professional cricketer for Nottinghamshire and England between 1924 and 1938. A right-arm fast bowler who combined unusual speed with great accuracy, he was considered by many commentators to be the finest bowler of his generation. He was the main exponent of the bowling style known as "bodyline", the use of which during the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) tour of Australia in 1932–33 caused a furore that brought about a premature and acrimonious end to his international career. [PAR] A coal miner\'s son who began working in the mines at the age of 14, Larwood was recommended to Nottinghamshire on the basis of his performances in club cricket, and rapidly acquired a place among the country\'s leading bowlers. He made his Test debut in 1926, in only his second season in first-class cricket, and was a member of the 1928–29 touring side that retained the Ashes in Australia. The advent of the Australian batsman Don Bradman ended a period of English cricket supremacy; Larwood and other bowlers were completely dominated by Bradman during Australia\'s victorious tour of 1930. Thereafter, under the guidance of England\'s combative captain Douglas Jardine, the fast leg theory or bodyline bowling attack was developed. With Larwood as its spearhead the tactic was used with considerable success in the 1932–33 Test series. The Australians\' description of the method as "unsportsmanlike" soured cricketing relations between the two countries; during subsequent efforts to heal the breach, Larwood refused to apologise for his bowling, since he was carrying out his captain\'s instructions. He never played for England again, but continued his county career with considerable success for several more seasons. [PAR] In 1949, after years out of the limelight, Larwood was elected to honorary membership of the MCC. The following year he and his family were encouraged by former opponent Jack Fingleton to emigrate and settle in Australia, where he was warmly welcomed, in contrast to the reception accorded him in his cricketing days. He worked for a soft drinks firm, and as an occasional reporter and commentator on Tests against visiting England sides. He paid several visits to England, and was honoured at his old county ground, Trent Bridge, where a stand was named after him. In 1993, at the age of 88, he was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in a delayed recognition of his services to cricket. He died two years later. [PAR] Cricket career and biography of harold larwood world cricket [PAR] Early life [PAR] Harold Larwood was born on 14 November 1904 in the Nottinghamshire village of Nuncargate, near the coal mining town of Kirkby-in-Ashfield. He was the fourth of five sons born to Robert Larwood, a miner, and his wife Mary, nee Sharman. Robert was a man of rigid principles, a disciplinarian teetotaller who was treasurer of the local Methodist chapel. His chief pastime was playing cricket for the village team, which he captained. Harold Larwood\'s biographer Duncan Hamilton writes that for Robert, cricket represented, "along with his dedication to God\xa0... the core of his life". [PAR] From the age of five, Harold attended Kirkby Woodhouse school. Over the years this small village school produced, besides Larwood, four other international cricketers who became his contemporaries in the Nottinghamshire county side: William "Dodge" Whysall, Sam Staples, Bill Voce and Joe Hardstaff junior. On leaving the school in 1917, when he was 13, Harold was employed at the local miners\''}, 'question': {'What was the bowling technique developed by English cricketer Harold Larwood?'}}

['fast leg theory' 'bodyline' 'bodyline series']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Olympic-size swimming poolAn Olympic-size swimming pool is the type of swimming pool used in the Olympic Games, where the race course is 50 m in length. This is typically referred to as "long course", distinguishing it from "short course" which applies to competitions in pools that are 25 m in length. If touch panels are used in competition, then the distance between touch panels should be either 25 or 50 metres to qualify for FINA recognition. This means that Olympic pools are generally oversized, to accommodate touch panels used in competition. [PAR] An Olympic-size swimming pool is used as a colloquial unit of volume, to make approximate comparisons to similarly sized objects or volumes. It is not a specific definition, as there is no official limit on the depth of an Olympic pool. The value has an order of magnitude of 1 Mega-Liter (ML). [PAR] Specifications [PAR] FINA specifications for an Olympic-size pool are as follows: [PAR] There must be two spaces wide outside lanes 1 and 8 (in effect, two empty lanes). The length of 50 m must be between the touch pads at the end of each lane, if they are used. If starting blocks are used, then there must be a minimum depth of 1.35 metres from between 1.0 metres from the end of the pool to at least 6.0 metres from the end of the pool. At all other points, the minimum depth is 1.0 metres. If the pool is used for Olympic Games or World Championships, then the minimum depth is increased to 2.0 metres. [PAR] At FINA\'s 2009 Congress, rules were approved for 10-lane courses for competition, as an alternative to the more traditional 8-lane course.[DOC] [TLE] Swimming poolA swimming pool, swimming bath, wading pool, or paddling pool is a container filled with water to enable swimming or other leisure activities. Pools can be sunk into the ground or built above ground (as a freestanding construction or as part of a building or other larger structure), and are also a standard feature aboard oceanliners and cruise ships. In-ground pools are most commonly constructed from materials such as concrete, natural stone, metal, plastic or fiberglass, and can be of a custom size and shape or built to a standardised size, the largest of which is the Olympic-size swimming pool. [PAR] Many health clubs, fitness centers and private clubs, such as the YMCA, have pools used mostly for exercise or recreation. Many towns and cities provide public pools. Many hotels have pools available for their guests to use at their leisure. Educational facilities such as schools and universities occasionally have pools for physical education classes, recreational activities, leisure or competitive athletics such as swimming teams. Hot tubs and spas are pools filled with hot water, used for relaxation or hydrotherapy, and are common in homes, hotels, clubs and massage parlors. Special swimming pools are also used for diving and other water sports, as well as for the training of lifeguards and astronauts. [PAR] History [PAR] The "Great Bath" at the site of Mohenjo-Daro in modern-day Pakistan was most likely the first swimming pool, dug during the 3rd millennium BC. This pool is 12 by, is lined with bricks, and was covered with a tar-based sealant. [PAR] Ancient Greeks and Romans built artificial pools for athletic training in the palaestras, for nautical games and for military exercises. Roman emperors had private swimming pools in which fish were also kept, hence one of the Latin words for a pool was piscina. The first heated swimming pool was built by Gaius Maecenas of Rome in the 1st century BC. Gaius Maecenas was a rich Roman lord and considered one of the first patrons of arts. [PAR] Ancient Sinhalese built pairs of pools called "Kuttam Pokuna" in the kingdom of Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka in the 4th century BC. They were decorated with flights of steps, punkalas or pots of abundance, and scroll design. [PAR] Modern pools [PAR] Swimming pools became popular in Britain in the mid-19th century. As early as 1837, six indoor pools with diving boards existed in London'}, 'question': {'How long is an Olympic-sized swimming pool?'}}

['50 metres']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Elbow Pain Causes, Treatments, Symptoms, and More - WebMDElbow Pain Causes, Treatments, Symptoms, and More [PAR] Elbow Pain at a Glance [PAR] How is the elbow designed and what is its function? [PAR] The elbow is the joint where three long bones meet in the middle portion of the arm. The bone of the upper arm (humerus) meets the inner bone of the forearm (ulna) and the outer bone of the forearm (radius) to form a hinge joint. The radius and ulna also meet in the elbow to allow for rotation of the forearm. [PAR] The elbow functions to move the arm like a hinge (forward and backward) and in rotation (twisting outward and inward). The biceps muscle is the major muscle that flexes the elbow hinge. The triceps muscle is the major muscle that extends the elbow hinge. The outer bone of the elbow is referred to as the lateral epicondyle and is a part of the humerus bone. Tendons are attached to this area and can be injured, causing inflammation or tendinitis (lateral epicondylitis, or " tennis elbow "). [PAR] The inner portion of the elbow is a bony prominence called the medial epicondyle. Additional tendons from the muscles attached here can be injured, causing medial epicondylitis, or "golfer\'s elbow." A fluid-filled sac (bursa), which serves to reduce friction, overlies the tip of the elbow (olecranon bursa). Bumping the tip of the elbow can irritate this bursa. The elbow can be affected by inflammation of the tendons or the bursae (plural for bursa), or conditions that affect the bones and joints, such as fractures , arthritis , or nerve irritation. [PAR] What injuries can cause elbow pain? [PAR] Continued [PAR] Lateral Epicondylitis ( Tennis Elbow ) [PAR] The lateral epicondyle is the outside bony portion of the elbow where large tendons attach to the elbow from the muscles of the forearm. These tendons can be injured, especially with repetitive motions of the forearm, such as using a manual screwdriver, washing windows, or hitting a backhand in tennis play. Tennis elbow is caused by inflammation of the tendons. Usually, the pain is on the outside of the elbow and might be accompanied by warmth and swelling. The elbow maintains its full range of motion, as the inner joint is not affected, and the pain is usually more noticeable toward the end of the day. Repeated twisting motions or activities that strain the tendon typically cause more pain. X-rays are usually normal, but can reveal calcium deposits in the tendon or other abnormalities of the elbow joint. [PAR] The treatment of tennis elbow includes ice packs, resting the involved elbow, aspirin and anti-inflammatory medications like naproxen ( Naprosyn ), diclofenac (Voltaren), and ibuprofen ( Motrin ). Bracing the elbow can help. Simple braces for tennis elbow can be found in community pharmacies and athletic goods stores. Local cortisone injections are given for persistent pain. You can gradually resume activity while icing the area to prevent recurring inflammation. Occasionally, supportive straps can prevent reinjury. In severe cases, surgery might be recommended. [PAR] Medial Epicondylitis (Golfer\'s Elbow) [PAR] Medial epicondylitis is inflammation at the point where the tendons of the forearm attach to the bony prominence of the inner elbow. As an example, this tendon can become strained in a golf swing, but many other repetitive motions can injure the tendon. Golfer\'s elbow is characterized by local pain and tenderness over the inner elbow. The range of motion of the elbow is preserved because the inner joint of the elbow is not affected. Those activities which require twisting or straining the forearm tendon can elicit pain and worsen the condition. X-rays for epicondylitis are usually normal but can show calcifications of the tendons if the tendinitis has persisted for long periods of time. [PAR] The usual treatment involves ice packs, resting the elbow, and medications including aspirin and other NSAIDs , including naproxen (Naprosyn), diclofenac (Voltaren), and ibuprofen (Motrin). With severe inflammation, local corticosteroid (cortisone ) injections are sometimes given. Using a strap can prevent reinjury. After a gradual rehabilitation exercise program , you can return'}, 'question': {'The popular name for a type of inflamed elbow joint is associated with which sport?'}}

['tennis']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Longest River in Asia - Yangtze River Facts and FiguresLongest River in Asia - Yangtze River Facts and Figures [PAR] Australia [PAR] Longest River in Asia - Yangtze River Facts and Figures [PAR] Asia is home to some of the world’s longest rivers. A number of long waterways flow through the continent and provide its inhabitants with water for drinking, irrigation and the generation of hydroelectric power. In addition, many rivers serve as important transportation routes while others offer their rich resources of aquatic life and minerals. Several ancient civilizations thrived at the banks of important Asian Rivers. The most important and longest river in Asia is the Yangtze river. The following discussion provides information about this mighty water body of Asia. [PAR] Yangtze River – An Overview [PAR] The longest river of Asia and third longest river on the planet, the Yangtze measures 6,300 kilometers in length. It is the most important waterway of China, serving the country since its ancient history. It emerges from the Geladaindong Peak of the Tanggula Mountains in Qinghai. The source of the river is located at an elevation of 5,042 meters. From there begins the river’s long, adventurous journey which comes to an end near Shanghai and Jiangsu where its water joins the East China Sea. [PAR] Around one-fifth of the region of the People’s Republic of China comes under the river. Its huge river basin covers 1,808,500 square kilometers of area and houses one-third of the entire population of the country. The Yangtze delta is one of the most prosperous regions of China, contributing over twenty percent to the country’s overall GDP. The river provides water for irrigation to help the agricultural sector thrive while the world’s largest hydroelectric power station generates enormous amount of electricity. It also serves as a route for transport of vessels. [PAR] Indeed, the mighty Yangtze is a matter of pride for China. The magnificent water body offers scenic beauty to foreign tourists while the locals harness its power and use its resources to build a thriving nation. [PAR] Sections of the River [PAR] The Yangtze River is known by many other names. In fact, these names have been used by Chinese to identify different sections of the river when its source had not been determined. The most popular names of the river are listed below along with a brief description of the section defined by each name. [PAR] Chang Jiang [PAR] The river’s most common name in the country is Chang Jiang which means “Long River”. This name defines the region of the river which extends from its confluence with one of its tributaries, River Min, towards its mouth located at Shanghai. This is the lower course of Yangtze which is 2,884 kilometers long. [PAR] Chang Jiang is further classified into sub-sections which have been given different names by the locals. These include Chuan Jiang, Jing Jiang, Wan Jiang and Yangzi Jiang. [PAR] Jinsha Jiang [PAR] In the Chinese language, Jinsha Jiang means “gold sanded river”. This name defines the section of the river from Yibin to where it is joined by its tributary, River Batang. This confluence occurs in Qinghai. The section of the river defined by Jinsha Jiang is 2,308 kilometers long. [PAR] Tuotuo River [PAR] The headstream of Yangtze, flowing up to 358 kilometers from its source is known as the Tuotuo River. The name means “tearful river”. In the Mongolian language, this section is named as “Ulan Moron” which means the Red River. [PAR] Tongtian River [PAR] This name has been taken from fable: Journey to the West. It means “river passing through heaven”. Tongtian defines the section which flows from Yushu up to the river’s meeting point with River Dangqu. It was also known as the Yak River or the Winding Stream. [PAR] Importance of Yangtze in the World [PAR] The Chinese take pride in the fact that the longest river of Asia runs through their country. In fact, the Yangtze has earned several places on the list of world records. The reasons why it is famous the world over are listed below. [PAR] After Nile and Amazon, the Yangtze River is the longest waterway flowing on earth. [PAR] It ranks as the longest river to pass through a single country. The entire length'}, 'question': {'The Yangtze River is on which continent?'}}

['asia']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Movie Spoiler for the film - INSIDE MANMovie Spoiler for the film - INSIDE MAN [PAR] INSIDE MAN [PAR] *CUT TO THE CHASE* [PAR] NOTE: This spoiler was sent in by Naomi who says..."Great bank heist flick with some interesting twists at the end. " [PAR] It begins with Dalton Russell (Clive Owen) speaking from a cell. This is the line we see in the trailer, where he tells us to listen very carefully to what he\'s saying, and he continues\xa0on to\xa0say that there is a large difference between a\xa0cell and a prison cell (dead giveaway right there if you\'re paying attention to what he\'s\xa0saying).\xa0He then goes on to say that he executed his (perfect)\xa0plan to rob a bank not only for monetary gain, but because he could do it. [PAR] We then cut back to the day of the robbery where\xa0an obscure van from a painting company is\xa0picking people up from different locations. Each person is dressed in a white smock, and its difficult to identify one from the other (main theme in the movie). Inside the bank, it appears to be an ordinary day. A Rabbi is speaking to representative, people are waiting in lines, listening to their music, talking on their phones etc. Then a "painter" in his smock enters with two large flashlights. He calmly sets his flashlights down in specific positions on a table in the center of the large room. He is followed by two others dressed like him who then proceed to lock the doors of the bank entrance. At this moment, the security guard is alerted and the butt of a rifle is shoved into his back, warning him to not attempt to do his job. Russell (Owen) then sets off smoke canisters and orders everyone to be on the floor in 4 minutes or suffer a bullet to the head. Sooner or later, everyone complies. [PAR] Outside the bank, passers-by notice the smoke coming out through the entrance doors and point this out to a passing cop. The cop checks it out, trying to get the doors open when Russell\xa0opens the door from inside, sticks a gun in the cop\'s face, speaks in some fake Eastern European accent and tells the cop to keep\xa0the police away from this place or he will shoot the hostages inside. The cop backs off and Russell\xa0retreats inside. [PAR] Cut to Keith Frazier (Denzel Washington)\xa0at work, on the phone with his girlfriend. They have a small argument about his girlfriend\'s brother - who is living with them. The brother apparently has a record and is living off his sister. Frazier is not happy about this situation, but acknowledges the fact that this brother is the only family his girlfriend has, and they end the argument by making up.\xa0Frazier\'s partner, Mitchell (Chiwetel Ejiofor), tells Frazier\xa0that he should marry his girlfriend, but Frazier\xa0brings up the issue of money and\xa0the lack\xa0of a ring to give to his would-be wife. We also find out that Frazier is suspected (by internal affairs, I assume) to have stolen (or accepted as a bribe, I don\'t know)\xa0a good sum of\xa0money by some suspect. Frazier claims this to be a set up. [PAR] The chief of the department then comes up to Frazier and tells him about the bank robbery and hostage situation going down. He throws the case at Frazier not only because the other detective is unavailable but because he believes Frazier to be a good cop. Needless to say, Frazier and Mitchell are psyched at this opportunity to prove their worth and\xa0drive down to the scene. [PAR] Meanwhile, in the bank, Russell and his comrades in arms (who refer to each other as "Steve", "Steve-o" or "Stevey") are working on organizing the situation. They ask everyone to surrender their cell phones. Everyone does so except for one employee who insists that he left his cell phone at home that day. Russell asks the man his name'}, 'question': {'"Who plays Dalton Russell, who tells why he is in a cell, in the 2006 film ""Inside Man""?"'}}

['clive owen']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9\'s Epic Crash with Jupiter in PicturesComet Shoemaker-Levy 9\'s Epic Crash with Jupiter in Pictures [PAR] Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9\'s Epic Crash with Jupiter in Pictures [PAR] By Space.com Staff | [PAR] July 18, 2014 11:00am ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 Fragments [PAR] Credit: JPL/NASA/STScI [PAR] In July 1994, the Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 slammed into Jupiter after breaking apart into many pieces. Astronomers around the world watched the epic comet crash in real-time with telescopes and spacecraft. You can see some of those photos in this Space.com gallery. In This View: These repeated observations taken in July 1994 show how Jupiter sucked up the fragments of Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 after their repeated impacts. [PAR] David Levy and Shoemaker-9 [PAR] Credit: Elizabeth Howell [PAR] Amateur astronomer David Levy in front of the two "discovery" pictures of Shoemaker-Levy 9. Levy delivered a lecture to a branch of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada in Ottawa, May 31, 2013. [PAR] Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 \'String of Pearls\' [PAR] Credit: H. Weaver (JHU), T. Smith (STScI), NASA [PAR] Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 was named for its co-discoverers, and because of its appearance was often referred to as the "string of pearls" comet. [PAR] Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 Scars Jupiter [PAR] Credit: NASA/ESA [PAR] Fragments of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 in July 1994 created dark clouds on Jupiter, visible even in small telescopes. [PAR] Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 Approaching Jupiter in 1994 [PAR] Credit: NASA, ESA, H. Weaver and E. Smith (STScI) and J. Trauger and R. Evans (NASA\'s Jet Propulsion Laboratory) [PAR] This composite photo shows Jupiter and comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 imaged by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope in 1994. [PAR] Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 Fragment W Impact With Jupiter [PAR] Credit: NASA/JPL [PAR] Galileo spacecraft caught these four images of Jupiter and the luminous night-side impact of fragment W of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 on July 22, 1994. [PAR] Comet Impact Into Jupiter (Artist\'s Concept) [PAR] Credit: © M. Showalter [PAR] This artist\'s concept shows comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 streaking towards Jupiter in July 1994. The comet\'s dust cloud created a rippling wake in Jupiter\'s ring. Image released March 31, 2011. [PAR] Shoemaker-Levy-9 Impacts on Jupiter [PAR] Credit: NASA [PAR] This graphic shows fragments of comet Shoemaker-Levy-9 smashing into Jupiter’s southern hemisphere, an event which lasted for almost six days in 1994. [PAR] Hubble Space Telescope Image of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 [PAR] Credit: H. Weaver [PAR] This Hubble Space Telescope image shows the "string of pearls" comet, Shoemaker-Levy 9, in March, 1994, four months before its collision with Jupiter. [PAR] previous | next[DOC] [TLE] Comet Shoemaker-Levy Homepage (JPL)Comet Shoemaker-Levy Homepage (JPL) [PAR] Comet Shoemaker-Levy Collision with Jupiter [PAR] July 16, 2014 Update: 20 years later [PAR] Twenty years ago, Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 (SL9) impacted Jupiter. I created this website in June 1994 on a voluntary basis, and it was my first public website. I was immensely interested in this unique comet since its discovery in 1993 - a comet that was not only captured into Jupiter orbit, but had broken up into several pieces which were about to hit Jupiter in July 1994. There were a lot of speculation about how the impacts would appear on Jupiter, and this website documents each impact as they occurred. Also note: back in 1994, websites were relatively unknown and somewhat of a novelty. This website became the first big Web event, and was key in raising the awareness of websites to the mainstream public, which we now take for granted today. [PAR] Here\'s a good summary of the Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 events published the "JPL Universe" on January 13, 1995.[DOC] [TLE] Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 | astronomy | Britannica.comComet Shoemaker-Levy 9 | astronomy | Britannica.com [PAR] Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 [PAR] comet [PAR] Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9'}, 'question': {'What was Shoemaker-Levy 9, that crashed into Jupiter in 1994?'}}

['comet']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Medieval Sword Scabbard How to Project - Ye olde GaffersMedieval Sword Scabbard How to Project [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Scabbards [PAR] I recently tried my hand at some scabbards for a couple of my swords. They are not an easy project, but not as bad as I thought they would be. It is best if you have some leather working experience before you try one, but you don\'t have to be a leather expert. This project shows the construction of earlier types of scabbards but the idea is pretty much the same for any time line... wood core, covered with leather, some type of belt system.. [PAR] I recommend that you read over all the instructions and read the "Laced Belt Scabbard Plans" at the bottom of the page before starting. The "Laced Belt Scabbard Plans" below were drawn by Peter Johnsson (Peter is a swedish swordsmith, author and researcher.. extrodinair!), and they are used with his permission. Many of the ideas and methods contained in these webpage\'s instructions were learned from Peter\'s scabbard plans. THANKS Peter!! [PAR] Please keep in mind that I am not in any ways or means an "expert" in the art of making scabbards. I learned a great deal of the information presented here using Peter\'s guide. There may be other ways to do this, it is just the way I do it, and I am open to to any comments or suggestions. [PAR] Carving Method [PAR] This method is how the more expensive scabbards are made, and is a more historic method of producing the wood core. [PAR] The first thing you will want to do is to create the wood core. The wood of choice appears to be poplar and that is what I used for my second core. The first core I used was oak, and I have heard that oak might not be the best choice (the oils in oak might not be good for steel?). So I will suggest poplar! [PAR] You will want to get two pieces of poplar that are 1/4" thick and a bit longer and wider then your sword blade. You will want to lay your sword, centered, on the each board and draw a pencil line all away around the blade. (see picture above) [PAR] Next you will want to chisel, sand, grind, half of the width of the blade from both pieces of the core wood. To be honest this is a bit of a pain, but be careful here, go slow, it is hard to add wood back. When you think you are getting close, clamp both pieces of the core together temporarily, and test fit the blade. Again, just a lot of hit and miss here.. but did I mention.. go slow!. Keep in mind the shape of the fuller, the distal taper, etc.. as you are carving this. The blade should fit snugly, somewhere between falling out, and not having to hammer it in. If you do get it too lose not all is lost. You can add some very thin leather near the mouth to hold the sword in. But not TOO loose.. if it is like throwing a hotdog down a hallway then it is way too loose.. start over. (the wood is very inexpensive). (see picture above) [PAR] Note: I would like to add that it was mentioned that using sandpaper on the inside of the core might result in a bit of the "sand" to be embedded into the core. This could cause a scratching on the blade and to remove the grain of sand you would probably need to destroy the scabbard to get to it. So either do not use sandpaper on the interior of the core, or if you do make sure the core is cleaned good so that no grains will remain. [PAR] When are satisfied with the fit then you are ready to glue the two halves together. If you wish you can cut the outside shape before you glue them together, or you can cut them as one piece after you glue them together. Whichever way you'}, 'question': {'What weapon is traditionally held in a scabbard?'}}

['swords' 'sword']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] FAQ | Oregon Trawl CommissionFAQ | Oregon Trawl Commission [PAR] What is a trawling? [PAR] Trawling is a method of fishing that involves pulling a fishing net through the water behind one or more boats. The net that is used for trawling is called a trawl. The boats that are used for trawling are called trawlers. Trawlers vary in size around the world; from small open boats with only 30 hp engines to large factory trawlers. On the west coast, the average trawler is about 70ft long and has a crew of 3.Trawling can be carried out by one trawler or by two trawlers fishing cooperatively (pair trawling), although pair trawling is not practiced on the west coast. Trawling can be contrasted with trolling, where baited fishing lines instead of trawls are drawn through the water. Trolling is used both for recreational and commercial fishing whereas trawling is used mainly for commercial fishing.[DOC] [TLE] What does Trawling mean? - Definitions.netWhat does Trawling mean? [PAR] This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word Trawling [PAR] Freebase(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: [PAR] Trawling [PAR] Trawling is a method of fishing that involves pulling a fishing net through the water behind one or more boats. The net that is used for trawling is called a trawl. The boats that are used for trawling are called trawlers or draggers. Trawlers vary in size; from small open boats with only 30 hp engines to large factory trawlers with over 10,000 hp. Trawling can be carried out by one trawler or by two trawlers fishing cooperatively. Trawling can be contrasted with trolling, where baited fishing lines instead of trawls are drawn through the water. Trolling is used both for recreational and commercial fishing whereas trawling is used mainly for commercial fishing. Trawling is also commonly used as a scientific sampling, or survey, method. [PAR] Numerology [PAR] The numerical value of Trawling in Chaldean Numerology is: 7 [PAR] Pythagorean Numerology[DOC] [TLE] Fishing Methods | KidSafeSeafoodFishing Methods | KidSafeSeafood [PAR] Fishing Methods [PAR] Posted on May 23, 2012 by KidSafe Seafood [PAR] The methods and fishing gear used to catch fish are a determining factor of sustainability as they can impact upon marine life and habitats. Over the past 50 years, fishing technology has advanced greatly, increasing the capacity for boats to locate and catch fish. In this time there have also been advances to reduce the environmental impact of fishing, yet there is room for further improvement and research and development is ongoing. [PAR] Fishing methods vary in different locations and cultures and the precise impacts of each method are dependent on the robustness of the management and techniques used on individual boats. The main commercial capture methods are described here to help you broadly understand the ways in which fish are caught and the environmental impacts they have. [PAR] Click on the titles in below for more information on each fishing method. [PAR] Fish Farms [PAR] Purse Seine Net [PAR] This method of fishing is used to capture large schools of fish at or near the surface. The net itself is in the shape of a long strip or wall and may be up to one kilometer in length and as deep as 200 meters. A system of weights running along the bottom and floats positioned along the top keep the net vertically suspended in the water column. Once a school of fish has been located, which is sometimes done with the help of a spotter aircraft or radar used to detect large flocks of birds feeding at the surface, the net is then pitched into the water and pulled around the school of fish to encircle it in this “wall” of netting.\xa0 After the school of fish has been completely surrounded, a rope running along the top of the net, known as the purse line, is pulled to cinch the bottom closed, like a laundry bag. This conforms the net into a bowl-like shape and the school of fish is pulled on board the fishing vessel. As this technique is employed close to the surface it does come into contact with the ocean floor and therefore does not cause any damage to bottom dwelling (benthic) organisms and habitats. Bycatch is also limited due to the nets being targeted at schools of specific species of fish, however, undesired animals feeding on those schools'}, 'question': {'What fishing method involves pulling a large fishing net through the water behind one or more boats?'}}

['trawl' 'trawling']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Mason–Dixon lineThe Mason–Dixon line, also called Mason\'s and Dixon\'s line, was surveyed between 1763 and 1767 by Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon in the resolution of a border dispute involving Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware in Colonial America. It is still a demarcation line among four U.S. states, forming part of the borders of Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, and West Virginia (originally part of Virginia). [PAR] Background [PAR] Maryland\'s charter of 1632 granted the Calverts land north of the entire length of the Potomac River up to the 40th parallel. A problem arose when Charles II granted a charter for Pennsylvania in 1681. The grant defined Pennsylvania\'s southern border as identical to Maryland\'s northern border, but described it differently, as Charles relied on an inaccurate map. The terms of the grant clearly indicate that Charles II and William Penn believed the 40th parallel would intersect the Twelve-Mile Circle around New Castle, Delaware, when in fact it falls north of the original boundaries of the City of Philadelphia, the site of which Penn had already selected for his colony\'s capital city. Negotiations ensued after the problem was discovered in 1681. A compromise proposed by Charles II in 1682, which might have resolved the issue, was undermined by Penn receiving the additional grant of the "Three Lower Counties" along Delaware Bay, which later became the Delaware Colony, a satellite of Pennsylvania. Maryland considered these lands part of its original grant. [PAR] The conflict became more of an issue when settlement extended into the interior of the colonies. In 1732 the proprietary governor of Maryland, Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore, signed a provisional agreement with William Penn\'s sons, which drew a line somewhere in between and renounced the Calvert claim to Delaware. But later, Lord Baltimore claimed that the document he had signed did not contain the terms he had agreed to, and refused to put the agreement into effect. Beginning in the mid-1730s, violence erupted between settlers claiming various loyalties to Maryland and Pennsylvania. The border conflict would be known as Cresap\'s War. [PAR] Progress was made after a Court of Chancery ruling affirming the 1732 agreement, but the issue remained unresolved until Frederick Calvert, 6th Baron Baltimore ceased contesting the claims on the Maryland side and accepted the earlier agreements. Maryland\'s border with Delaware was to be based on the Transpeninsular Line and the Twelve-Mile Circle around New Castle. The Pennsylvania–Maryland border was defined as the line of latitude 15 miles south of the southernmost house in Philadelphia (on what is today South Street). As part of the settlement, the Penns and Calverts commissioned the English team of Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon to survey the newly established boundaries between the Province of Pennsylvania, the Province of Maryland, and Delaware Colony. [PAR] In 1779, Pennsylvania and Virginia agreed "To extend Mason\'s and Dixon\'s line, due west, five degrees of longitude, to be computed from the river Delaware, for the southern boundary of Pennsylvania, and that a meridian, drawn from the western extremity thereof to the northern limit of the said state, be the western boundary of Pennsylvania for ever." [PAR] After Pennsylvania abolished slavery in 1781, the western part of this line and the Ohio River became a border between slave and free states, although Delaware retained slavery until the Thirteenth Amendment was ratified in 1865. [PAR] Geography of the line [PAR] Mason\'s and Dixon\'s actual survey line began to the south of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and extended from a benchmark east to the Delaware River and west to what was then the boundary with western Virginia. [PAR] The surveyors also fixed the boundary between Delaware and Pennsylvania and the approximately north–south portion of the boundary between Delaware and Maryland. Most of the Delaware–Pennsylvania boundary is an arc, and the Delaware–Maryland boundary does not run truly north-south because it was intended to bisect the Delmarva Peninsula rather than follow a meridian. [PAR] The Maryland–Pennsylvania boundary is an east–west line with an approximate mean latitude of 39°43′20″ N (Datum WGS 84). In reality, the east–west Mason–Dixon line is not a true'}, 'question': {'The Mason-Dixon line, originally surveyed to define the border between Pennsylvania and Maryland, is along which longitude?'}}

['40th parallel']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] The Chinese Zodiac Sign of Sheep - Primal AstrologyThe Chinese Zodiac Sign of Sheep - Primal Astrology [PAR] Primal Astrology [PAR] CHINESE ZODIAC SIGN OF [PAR] SHEEP [PAR] Those born under the Eastern Zodiac sign of Sheep are best known for being calm, dependable, and well mannered. These are the few external traits that others can recognize soon after meeting a Sheep. Inside, Sheep are also creative, intelligent, artistic, and sincere. They like to spend a lot of time working things out in their own minds before sharing them with others, but when they do decide to share their thoughts they often have incredibly thoughtful ideas that others are surprised by. Though the usually quiet Sheep uses its subtle charm and elegance to win over their peers, they are also often overshadowed in social situations by louder, more outgoing individuals such as the Rooster or the Horse. [PAR] Sheep are delicate in many ways, though they don’t like others to think so. They care more than they will admit about what other people think about them, which is why many Sheep like to dress nice and project a classic and stylish appearance. They like to keep things tidy and organized and find it difficult to concentrate when their environment is ugly, dirty, or out of order. [PAR] While Sheep are perfectly comfortable having quiet time alone to sort out their thoughts, they are also more social than others initially think. They don’t feel the need to be in charge of groups, and often spend more time listening than speaking, but they like being part of social groups nonetheless, and will contribute when the time is right. Sheep are good at letting others shine around them without being envious of the attention. In relationships they are sweet, gentle, and romantic, but also like to take things slow. Sheep seem to attract more hotheaded signs that challenge them on many levels, which works because Sheep also prefer when someone else makes the big decisions in their lives. [PAR] There are 12 Primal Zodiac signs for the Eastern Zodiac sign of Sheep, one for each sign of the Western Zodiac. If you don’t know your Western Zodiac sign you can \xa0use this chart to find your Primal Zodiac sign , which contains both Eastern and Western signs. [PAR] Aquarius born during the Year of the Sheep... [PAR] Sheeps born during the cycle of Aquarius are represented in Primal Astrology by the Handfish. The unique Handfish is among the most creative signs in the Primal Zodiac. Their ideas are often so ahead of their time that others have a hard time understanding their vision. The Sheep brings an artistic charm to these individuals, but also self-doubt, particularly when others don’t understand them. Handfish love projects and have to work harder than other Aquarians to make themselves happy. You can read more about the Primal Zodiac sign of Handfish by clicking here . [PAR] Aries born during the Year of the Sheep... [PAR] Sheeps born during the cycle of Aries are represented in Primal Astrology by the Catfish. One of the most contradictory signs of the Primal Zodiac, Catfish are a combination of Aries’ independence and optimism and Sheep’s well-mannered sincerity. The Sheep adds creativity and intelligence, but also insecurity. Luckily Aries is one of the most confident signs in the Western Zodiac and if balanced correctly, the two signs can combine together to create wonderful things. You can read more about the Primal Zodiac sign of Catfish by clicking here . [PAR] Cancer born during the Year of the Sheep... [PAR] Sheeps born during the cycle of Cancer are represented in Primal Astrology by the Duck. The Sheep intensifies Cancer’s natural dependability, insecurity, and tendency to be nurturing. It also deepens Cancer’s tendency to spend time alone, lost in thought. Ducks are more artistic than many other Cancers. They are hard working and determined but they also like to reserve time to dream about life’s possibilities. Ducks are very caring in relationships, but often give in to the whims of others, which can cause'}, 'question': {'What sign of the zodiac is represented by a sheep?'}}

['aries']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Blaise Pascal - Theologian, Philosopher, Physicist ...Blaise Pascal - Theologian, Philosopher, Physicist, Scientist, Mathematician - Biography.com [PAR] Blaise Pascal [PAR] Blaise Pascal was a French mathematician, physicist and religious philosopher, who laid the foundation for the modern theory of probabilities. [PAR] IN THESE GROUPS [PAR] European [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] Mathematician Blaise Pascal was born on June 19, 1623, in Clermont-Ferrand, France. In the 1640s he invented the Pascaline, an early calculator, and further validated Evangelista Torricelli's theory concerning the cause of barometrical variations. In the 1650s, Pascal laid the foundation of probability theory with\xa0Pierre de Fermat\xa0and published the theological work\xa0Les\xa0Provinciales, a groundbreaking series of letters that defended his Jansenist faith. Pascal is also widely known for his body of notes posthumously released as the\xa0Pensées. He\xa0died in Paris on August 19, 1662. [PAR] Background and Early Life [PAR] Inventor, mathematician, physicist and theological writer Blaise Pascal, born on June 19, 1623 in Clermont-Ferrand, France, was the third of four children and only son to Etienne and Antoinette Pascal. His mother passed away when Blaise was just a toddler and he became exceptionally close to his two sisters Gilberte and Jacqueline. His father, Etienne, was a tax collector and talented mathematician. [PAR] Etienne moved the family to Paris in 1631. He had decided to educate Blaise—a child prodigy—at home so he could design an unorthodox curriculum and make sure that Blaise was able to express his own innate curiosity. It's also believed that Blaise may have been educated at home due to issues around his health. Ironically, Etienne omitted mathematics from his son's early curriculum out of concern that Blaise would become so fascinated with geometry that he wouldn’t be able to focus on classical subjects. [PAR] The beginning of Blaise’s education was geared toward languages, especially Latin and Greek. Even so, Etienne's plan backfired: The fact that mathematics was a forbidden topic made the subject even more interesting to the inquisitive boy, who at the age of 12 began exploring geometry on his own. He made up his own terminology, not having learned official mathematical terms, and quickly managed to work out that the sum of a triangle's angles are equal to two right angles. [PAR] Mystic Hexagram and Religious Conversion [PAR] Etienne was impressed. In answer to Blaise's unswerving fascination, his father permitted him to read the works of ancient Greek mathematician Euclid. Etienne also allowed Blaise to accompany him to meetings at Mersenne's Academy in Paris. It was there, at age 16, that Blaise presented a number of his early theorems, including his Mystic Hexagram, to some of the premier mathematical thinkers of the time. [PAR] After a bit of political tumult, the Pascal family drew up stakes once again in 1640. They moved to Rouen, France, where Blaise's father had been appointed the previous year to collect taxes. In 1640, Pascal also published his first written work, Essay on Conic Sections. The writings constituted an important leap forward in projective geometry, which involved transferring a 3-D object onto a 2-D field. [PAR] In 1646, Etienne was seriously injured in a fall that resulted in a broken hip, rendering him housebound. The accident created a shift in the family's religious beliefs, as the Pascals had never fully embraced local Jesuit ideas. After Etienne's accident, he received medical visits from two brothers who were also followers of Jansenism, a particular denomination within the Catholic Church. Their influence, presumably coupled with trauma over Etienne's health, led the family to convert. Blaise became devoutly religious and sister Jacqueline eventually becoming a Jansenist nun.\xa0 [PAR] Inventions and Discoveries [PAR] In 1642, inspired by the idea of making his father's job of calculating taxes easier, Blaise Pascal started work on a calculator dubbed the Pascaline. (German polymath William Schickard had developed and manufactured an earlier version of the calculator in 1623.) The Pascaline was a numerical wheel calculator with movable dials, each representing a numerical digit. The\xa0invention, however, was not without its glitches: There was a discrepancy between the"}, 'question': {'The game of Roulette was created by which mathematician, physicist, and Catholic philosopher in the 17th century in his search for a perpetual motion machine?'}}

['blaise pascal']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Teddy Bears - Named After a US President - EzineArticlesTeddy Bears - Named After a US President [PAR] Teddy Bears - Named After a US President [PAR] By Alan Beggerow \xa0\xa0|\xa0\xa0 Submitted On August 07, 2007 [PAR] 1 [PAR] Did you know that the Teddy Bear got its name from a United States President? The origins of the Teddy Bear go back to a traditional story that took place in 1902 that involved President Theodore Roosevelt. The President was in the state of Mississippi trying to settle a border dispute between Mississippi and Louisiana. His hosts knew that the President was a devoted hunter, so they took him bear hunting. The only bear that they could find was a small bear that they tied to a tree. The President refused to shoot it, as he didn\'t see any sport in killing a helpless animal. [PAR] The story got out, and an editorial cartoonist for The Washington Post named Clifford Berrymandrew a cartoon showing a cub bear tied to a tree, and Teddy Roosevelt refusing to shoot it. The cartoon carried the caption "Drawing The Line In Mississippi." The cartoon caused an immediate sensation and was reprinted many times. The owners of a candy and stationary store in Brooklyn, New York named Morris and Rose Michtom were inspired by the President\'s act and made a stuffed toy bear to honor him. They fashioned the toy bear to look like the bear in the cartoon, and placed it in the window of their shop. Next to the bear was a copy of Berryman\'s cartoon and a sign saying TEDDY\'S BEAR. The public created such a demand for the bear that the Michtoms joined up with a wholesale firm named Butler Brothers and started the Ideal Novelty & Toy Company, the first teddy bear factory in the United States. [PAR] Made from inexpensive materials to the most exotic fur, and from the size of a thimble on up to very large, it has been a perennial favorite of children and adults ever since. [PAR] Alan Beggerow is a free lance writer. Visit his writing services website, Ghostwriter, at http://www.ghostwriterboo.blogspot.com[DOC] [TLE] Hall of Fame Inductees - Toy Industry AssociationHall of Fame Inductees [PAR] Watch Tribute Video [PAR] During his 37 years in the toy and game business, Pat Feely has been one of the toy industry’s most dedicated volunteer leaders and successful businessmen. He led the creation and growth of the Toy Industry Foundation (TIF) as chairman for eight years. As a business leader, he engineered the turnaround and expansion of two leading companies in the toy industry – Tonka and Radica Games. [PAR] Feely has been a passionate member of the TIF Board of Trustees since its founding in 2000, serving as chairman from 2000 to 2004, and again from 2010 through the end of 2014. During his eight years as TIF chairman he has overseen the creation and growth of the Foundation, which has donated over $100 million worth of toys to children in need and encouraged goodwill toward the industry. Last year alone, TIF provided over $18 million in toys to sick, military, foster and underserved children. Feely has also been an intrepid fundraiser for the Foundation, having served as a yearly member — and, several times, chairman — of the Fundraising Committee. [PAR] Feely’s service to the industry also has included two years as chairman of TIA and six years as an advisor to the TIA Board of Directors. As TIA chairman he was involved in the formation of the TOTY Awards as well as the ICTI Code, and demonstrated leadership by guiding his factory at Radica in China to become one of the first ICTI-certified factories. Feely also worked to diversify the TIA Board to include a wider spectrum of smaller TIA members so all voices could be heard. [PAR] An industry executive for many years, Feely led the turnaround of two troubled publicly traded toy companies – Tonka and Radica. During his nine-year tenure as President and CEO of Radica, the company tripled in size to become #2 in the electronic games category and a diversified innovation leader in toy technology, before being sold to Mattel in 2006. Under his leadership and passion for technology, Radica pioneered force feedback (Bass Fishin’); spoken voice recognition (Girl Tech'}, 'question': {'Which toy was named after a US president?'}}

['teddy bear' 'teddy bears']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] The remarkable life of Dr. Faustus - The British LibraryThe remarkable life of Dr. Faustus - The British Library [PAR] The remarkable life of Dr. Faustus [PAR] English [PAR] Mysticism and fortune-telling were popular subjects for the publishing industry in the early 1800s. [PAR] The ancient German legend of Dr Faust – the scholar who sells his soul to the devil in return for unlimited earthly knowledge – was first popularised in England by Christopher Marlowe (1564–1593). Its occult topic and lurid nature made it a frequent subject for early 19th-century ‘chapbooks’: cheaply produced booklets often sold on the streets. [PAR] This 24-page version of the Faust story was published by Thomas Richardson of Derby in 1838, a prolific producer of cheap reading matter. It came complete with colour illustration of Lucifer confronting Faust to collect his side of the bargain. The list of attention-grabbing keywords on the title page (‘remarkable life... raise the devil... magical powers... horrible death’) shows that marketing aggression is not solely a modern phenomenon. [PAR] Full title:\xa0 [PAR] The remarkable life of Dr. Faustus, a German astrologer and enchanter [PAR] Published:\xa0[DOC] [TLE] Tragical History Of Doctor Faustus English Literature EssayTragical History Of Doctor Faustus English Literature Essay [PAR] Tragical History Of Doctor Faustus English Literature Essay [PAR] Published: [PAR] Last Edited: [PAR] 23rd March, 2015 [PAR] This essay has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers. [PAR] On February 6, 1564, John and Catherine Marlowe brought their eldest son, Christopher Marlowe, into the world. He was their second child, Mary being their first. Christopher Marlowe was christened at the church of St. George the Martyr twenty days later on the 26th of February. John and Catherine had other children but for now they are unimportant because Christopher was the one who became a dramatist. [PAR] John Marlowe was a shoemaker in Canterbury at the time of Christopher Marlowe\'s birth. Later that same year he was inducted into Guild of Shoemakers and remained a member until his death. The Marlowe\'s were never wealthy by any means, but John and Catherine didn\'t let that stop them from getting Christopher into good schools and studies. [PAR] In 1578, Christopher had earned a scholarship to the King\'s School, which was the highest educational institution in Canterbury at the time. Due to complications however, he was not admitted until January 14, 1579. The King\'s School\'s curriculum was comprised mostly of Latin grammar and verse, studies of classical authors and probably a little Greek. (Ingram) [PAR] After Marlowe finished at the King\'s School he was good enough to receive a scholarship to Cambridge University and left home at age seventeen with all of his belongings and "more money in his picket he had ever had before." (Ingram) Marlowe probably would have stopped at Mr. Anthony Marlowe\'s place, a relative in London who probably couldn\'t refuse helping a kinsman headed for college, and then after a few days headed off to college. [PAR] Marlowe continued his education at Cambridge where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1584. Three years later in 1587 he graduated again with his Master of Arts. His degree was almost put in jeopardy when he was gone for increasingly long absences during his second three years and the college almost didn\'t give him his degree. Apparently, Christopher Marlowe was a courier who carried messages to and from ambassadors and may have been a spy for Sir Francis Walsingham. Looking at Marlowe\'s friends, it appears he may have been a spy because some of his associates were well known spies as well. (Henderson 276) [PAR] In 1593, Thomas Kyd was arrested and tortured after being found with blasphemous papers "denying the deity of Jesus Christ". Kyd protested that they belonged to Marlowe and had accidentally been shuffled in with his papers when he and Marlowe had roomed together two years prior. [PAR] Resulting from Kyd\'s testimony, on May 18, 1593, Marlowe was summoned before the Privy Council and ordered, on May 20, to attend meetings with them everyday until they told him he didn\'t have to anymore. Marlowe being a'}, 'question': {'Who first popularised the story of Dr Faustus in England?'}}

['christopher marlowe']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Paul Gauguin, Bio, Paintings, Tahiti, Van GoghPaul Gauguin, Bio, Paintings, Tahiti, Van Gogh [PAR] Paul Gauguin [PAR] Biography [PAR] Eugene Henri Paul Gauguin was a Post-Impressionist painter. Paul was born on June 7, 1848 in Paris, France and is best known for his experimentation of combining arts into modern art to capture the core of his drawings. He was influenced by the colonist style of painting, which opened the door to a primitivism style of work and later back to pastoral. More than just a painter, Gauguin influenced wood engraving and woodcuts as a form of art. [PAR] In 1851, Paul\'s family moved from France to Peru, due to their current political times. His father died during the travel to Peru, which left his mother and sister to fend for themselves. Paul lived in Peru with his uncle and remaining family. A place that would later influence some of Paul\'s art. [PAR] At the age of seven, Paul moved back to France, where he began to learn French and did very well in his studies. When Paul turned seventeen, he signed up as a merchant marine where he was a pilot\'s assistant. After three years he joined the navy, serving for just two years. In 1871, he returned to Paris and became a stock broker. In 1873, he married a woman named Mette Sophie Gad and had five children. [PAR] Ever since Gauguin was a child, he was interested in art, painting in his free time and visiting art galleries. Paul would also buy work from up and coming artists, around this time he developed a friendship with Camille Pissarro, who would introduce him to other artists. Over time Gauguin rented a studio and showed his paintings in impressionist exhibitions from 1881 to 1882. In 1884, Gauguin and his family moved to Copenhagen, where he once again chased a business career as a stock brocker. In 1885, Paul left his family in Denmark and moved back to Paris. [PAR] In 1887, Paul spent several months in Saint Pierre in Martinique, with his artist friend Charles Laval. The two lived in a place together, referring to it as the \'negro hut\'. During his stay, Paul would put out between ten and twenty pictures a day. He traveled all over the city and eventually fell into contact with a small community of indian immigrants. The meeting influenced Gauguin to begin incorporating indian symbols into his artwork. While in Martinique, he would suffer from dysentery and marsh fever. [PAR] Van Gogh Painting Sunflowers [PAR] by Gauguin [PAR] One of Paul\'s best friends was fellow artist, Vincent Van Gogh. Much like Van Gogh, Paul also suffered from severe depression, even attempting suicide one time. [PAR] Gauguin would later tire of impressionism, so he turned to African and Asian art styles. At the time, there was a big calling for other cultures of arts in Europe. [PAR] Paul was invited to be a part of the 1989 exhibition organized by Les XX. [PAR] Later, Gauguin made a move back towards Cloisonnism, an art that was named by Edouard Dujardin. After that, Paul began to take his style towards a Synthetism style. [PAR] In 1891, Gauguin moved to a village in Tahiti and painted "Fatata te Miti", "Ia Orana Maria", and other parts of Tahitian life. [PAR] Paul moved to Punaauia in 1887, where he painted "Where Do We Come From". He then lived the remainder of his life in the Marquesas Islands and only went back to France once. In 1903, Paul was sentenced to three years in prison because of problems with the church and government. However, he died before sitting his prison sentence out. [PAR] Paul Gauguin died on May 8, 1903, due to syphilis. He was only 54 years old and is buried at Calvary Cemetery in Atuona, Hiva \'Oa, Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia.[DOC] [TLE] Paul Gauguin\'s BiographyPaul Gauguin\'s Biography. [PAR] of Paul Gauguin [PAR] Paul Gauguin\'s Biography [PAR] Paul Gauguin was born in Paris, France, to journalist Clovis Gauguin and Alina'}, 'question': {'In 1891, Paul Gaugin left France to live where?'}}

['tahiti']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Society of British Aerospace CompaniesThe Society of British Aerospace Companies, formerly Society of British Aircraft Constructors, known as SBAC, was the UK\'s national trade association representing companies supplying civil air transport, aerospace defence, homeland security and space. As of October 2009 SBAC merged with the [http://www.the-dma.org.uk/ Defence Manufacturers Association] and the [http://www.appss.org.uk/ Association of Police and Public Security Suppliers] to form the ADS Group. [PAR] The SBAC organises the Farnborough Airshow. [PAR] Representation [PAR] With its regional partners, SBAC represents over 2,600 companies, assisting them in developing new business globally, facilitating innovation and competitiveness and providing regulatory services in technical standards and accreditation. Inside the organisation is the British Aviation Group and the UK Space Agency. [PAR] History [PAR] Formation [PAR] On 29 March 1915 a number of British aircraft manufacturers and industrialists met to arrange a standards body and production pooling system known as the Society of British Aircraft Constructors. Notable among the aircraft participants were Herbert Austin, Frederick Handley Page, H.V. Roe of Avro, and E.B. Parker of Short Brothers. The group agreed to share their designs among a variety of 3rd party factories in order to be able to quickly produce new designs on demand. These factories joined ones being run by the government directly. In total over 40 companies joined the group when it officially formed on 23 March 1916. [PAR] Aircraft inspection [PAR] In the post-war era the group expanded to include almost every aircraft company and those related to it—engine manufacturers, metal alloy companies, etc. Since this period they have often been referred to by acronym, SBAC. They were also instrumental in approaching Lloyd\'s of London to start the inspection and insurance of aircraft, which led to increased commercial aviation. [PAR] Trade and Air shows [PAR] In 1932 the group hosted a one-day air show and trade fair at the Hendon airfield in London on 19 June, the day after the annual RAF Hendon display. Similar one-day events were held for the next three years, but 1935 was the last Hendon RAF display. The SBAC show moved to de Havilland\'s Hatfield airfield in 1936 and 1937; the latter was both the first two-day SBAC show and the last before World War II. Immediately after the War it was held at Radlett, the home of Handley Page on 12–13 September, and early September became the regular date. In 1947 the show was again at Radlett with three flying days. In 1948 the meeting was moved to the Royal Aircraft Establishment at Farnborough and was six days long with three flying days, setting the pattern for the future. [PAR] The Farnborough shows were held annually as trade fairs for British manufacturers and with two public days, the Saturday and Sunday, throughout the 1950s. Crowds were large: on the last day, the Sunday of the 1954 show some 160,000 people attended. In 1962 the British-only rule was slightly relaxed by allowing the participation of foreign aircraft with British engines. 1962 was also the last of the annual shows, the next being held in 1964 and thenceforth biennially; in 1968 European manufacturers were invited. In 1974 the show accepted international participation and from 1978 it became known as the Farnborough International. Since 1964 the Farnborough has alternated with the Paris Air Show. [PAR] Name change [PAR] The name changed from "Society of British Aircraft Constructors" to "Society of British Aerospace Companies" in 1964. [PAR] Affiliated organisations [PAR] SBAC Scotland was formed in 2005. [PAR] SBAC aircraft designations [PAR] After WWII the SBAC introduced a designation system for British aircraft consisting of a two letter manufacturer code followed by a sequence number, with designations allocated as follows:- [PAR] Blackburn Aircraft [PAR] * Blackburn Y.A.1 The Blackburn B-48 Firecrest to Air Ministry Specification S.28/43. [PAR] * Blackburn Y.A.2 Design study only. [PAR] * Blackburn Y.A.3 Design study only. [PAR] * Blackburn Y.A.4 B-55 project for a Rolls-Royce Dart powered 24-seat commercial aircraft. [PAR] * Blackburn Y.A.5 Blackburn B-54 anti-submarine two-seater to Specification GR.17/45 with Napier Double Nomad. [PAR] * Blackburn Y.A.6 B-62 project for a Blackburn Firecrest with Armstrong Siddeley Python engine. [PAR] * Blackburn Y.A.7 Two-seater Y.A.5 with Rolls-Royce Griffon 56. [PAR] * Blackburn Y.A.8 Three-seater Y.A.5 with'}, 'question': {'The annual RAF Airshow at Hendon was established in 1920 by the Society of British Aircraft Constructors, and grew into a major international event with exhibitors from all over the world. It is now held in mid-July in even-numbered years. Where has it been held since 1949?'}}

['farnborough']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Colonial Crafts 1607-1776 - Handmade PotteryColonial Crafts 1607-1776 [PAR] SCAVELMAN - one who kept the waterways and ditches clear [PAR] WAINWRIGHT - one who built or repaired wagons [PAR] WHEELWRIGHT - a person who repaired and made wheels and wheeled vehicles [PAR] This list of colonial crafts just barely scratches the surface. Back in those days everybody had a specialty. And you can bet they were good at what they did. [PAR] Let’s look at the importance of the colonial crafts, trades and arts. The things you needed back then would be somewhat the things you need today (except for the X-Box 360): Shelter, food, water, and sooner or later medical care. [PAR] So the neighbors helped you get the log walls cut and stacked up for the house. But you need a roof, and for that you need a “Shingler”. This person made shakes, and the good ones were cedar. He did his work on a break and vice with axe, saw and draw knife. It was long and tedious work. As you can imagine one house would use up a lot. You would need a blacksmith because iron nails would be needed. [PAR] In the 1700’s settlers would burn the house down when they moved so as to reclaim nails and any ironwork that was used in the construction. [PAR] Iron was that important. Colonial craftsmen wasted very little, and actually were pretty good recyclers. Incidentally iron back then was “wrought iron” and was a porous metal that had a lot of slag in it. Not very strong but very easy to forge. It was an important material to say the least. “Wrought” literally means to work by hand. Thus wrought iron was forged from a bloom of iron and slag, by hand. [PAR] Composition of Wrought iron= 99–99.8%/Iron; 0.05–0.25%/Carbon; 0.01–0.1%/Manganese; 0.02–0.1%/Sulfur; 0.05–0.2%/Phosphorous, and 0.02–0.2%/Silicon. [PAR] The colonial craftsmen and tradesmen would have to make sure they were done crafting their shelters by winter. That oversight was the single most critical reason for some failures in New England. [PAR] Well one would need clothing, plates, bowls, cooking utensils, some sort of storage for foodstuffs, and lighting (oil or candles). [PAR] If the lighting choice is an oil lantern, then a tinsmith or brightsmith would be required to make the lamp. If its candle, you would probably make those your self. [PAR] Generally, the women made candles in the fall. That’s when the butchering was done. They rendered tallow and that makes for some smelly candles. But at least you would have light. [PAR] Did Ben Franklin say “early to bed early to rise makes a man healthy wealthy and wise”? I suppose Deborah (Ben’s wife) didn’t want to smell the candles. And that is more likely why they were in bed early. And if Deborah is happy, that’s healthy and wise for Ben! [PAR] You would need a Cooper to make barrels to store your grains and foodstuffs. Storage would be of extreme importance as winter is coming. Don’t forget, mice have to eat also and the food you stored would suit them fine. It would have been very important that mice and insects be kept out of the food! [PAR] Most women did their own sewing, but they bought a lot of their material. A Milliner was a woman who bought and sold cloth and clothing. She would need a spinner and a weaver as well. It’s easy to see how everyone’s lives were tied together. [PAR] So now you need shoes. Moccasins were big in those days. The men made them out of whatever hides they had. Deer were the most common. For a little more upscale one would use a Cobbler. This was truly a colonial craft, as it is today. The Cobbler used mostly cowhide for shoes. [PAR] Most of the children followed in their parents’ footsteps. If your father was a Carpenter you were a Carpenter. If he was an Apothecary then chances are you would end up being a druggist too. I can only imagine what'}, 'question': {'Wainwrights were craftsmen who made what?'}}

['wagons']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Vietnamese monetary unit - definition of Vietnamese ...Vietnamese monetary unit - definition of Vietnamese monetary unit by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Vietnamese monetary unit - definition of Vietnamese monetary unit by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Vietnamese+monetary+unit [PAR] Related to Vietnamese monetary unit: Papuan monetary unit [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] monetary unit - a unit of money [PAR] dong - the basic unit of money in Vietnam [PAR] hao - 10 hao equal 1 dong in Vietnam [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster\'s page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] Copyright © 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc [PAR] Disclaimer [PAR] All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. [PAR] \xa0[DOC] [TLE] Vietnamese monetary unit - Dictionary Definition ...Vietnamese monetary unit - Dictionary Definition : Vocabulary.com [PAR] Vietnamese monetary unit [PAR] Definitions of Vietnamese monetary unit [PAR] 1 [PAR] n monetary unit in Vietnam [PAR] Types: [PAR] 10 hao equal 1 dong in Vietnam [PAR] Type of: [PAR] Usage Examples [PAR] Sign up, it\'s free! [PAR] Whether you\'re a student, an educator, or a life-long learner, Vocabulary.com can put you on the path to systematic vocabulary improvement.[DOC] [TLE] What does Vietnamese monetary unit mean? definition ...What does Vietnamese monetary unit mean? definition, meaning and pronunciation (Free English Language Dictionary) [PAR] monetary unit (a unit of money) [PAR] Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "Vietnamese monetary unit"): [PAR] dong (the basic unit of money in Vietnam) [PAR] hao (10 hao equal 1 dong in Vietnam) [PAR] \xa0Learn English with... Proverbs of the week\xa0 [PAR] "Diseases come on horseback, but steal away on foot." (English proverb) [PAR] "Where there is heart, there are hands." (Albanian proverb) [PAR] "While they read the Bible to the wolf, it says: hurry up, my flock left." (Armenian proverb) [PAR] "Don\'t judge the dog by its fur." (Danish proverb) [PAR] Page delivered in 0.0407 seconds [PAR] AudioEnglish Definitions... Just One Click Away! [PAR] Now you can lookup any word in our dictionary, right from the search box in your browser! Click here to add the AudioEnglish.org dictionary to your list of search providers.[DOC] [TLE] VietnamVietnam (,; ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV; ()), is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. With an estimated 90.5 million inhabitants , it is the world\'s 14th-most-populous country, and the eighth-most-populous Asian country. Vietnam is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and Malaysia across the South China Sea to the southeast. Its capital city has been Hanoi since the reunification of North and South Vietnam in 1975. [PAR] Vietnam was part of Imperial China for over a millennium, from 111 BC to AD 939. An independent Vietnamese state was formed in 939, following a Vietnamese victory in the Battle of Bạch Đằng River. Successive Vietnamese royal dynasties flourished as the nation expanded geographically and politically into Southeast Asia, until the Indochina Peninsula was colonized by the French in the mid-19th century. Following a Japanese occupation in the 1940s, the Vietnamese fought French rule in the First Indochina War, eventually expelling the French in 1954. Thereafter, Vietnam was divided politically into two rival states, North and South Vietnam. Conflict between the two sides intensified in what is known as the Vietnam War. The war ended with a North Vietnamese victory in 1975. [PAR] Vietnam was then unified under a communist government but remained impoverished and politically isolated. In 1986, the government initiated a series of economic and political reforms which began Vietnam\'s path towards integration into the world economy. By 2000, it had established diplomatic'}, 'question': {'What is the monetary unit of Vietnam?'}}

['dong']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] The National Theatre - Victoria and Albert MuseumThe National Theatre [PAR] The National Theatre [PAR] Maggie Smith as Halina in Coming In To Land by Stephen Poliakoff (born 1952), photograph by Graham Brandon, National Theatre, London, England, 1987 [PAR] The National Theatre opened on the South Bank in London in 1976. The need to create a theatre to promote and support the best of British talent and expertise was not just a 20th-century preoccupation. A national theatre had first been suggested in the 18th century by David Garrick, and Henry Irving championed the idea in the 19th century. However, it was not until the early 20th century that fundraising for the project was initiated. [PAR] In 1908 Harley Granville Barker and William Archer published \'The National Theatre: A Scheme and Estimates\', detailing extensive plans for the management, organisation and budget for a national theatre. Two World Wars delayed plans to open the theatre and it was not until 1962 that Laurence Olivier was appointed director of the first National Theatre company which was based in the Old Vic Theatre. [PAR] In 1976 the company moved to its new home on London\'s South Bank under the direction of Peter Hall. The new building had three theatre spaces: the Lyttelton, the Olivier and the smaller Cottesloe. The new flagship company was soon hit by the cutbacks and funding crises of the 1970s and 1980s. Despite its relatively large budget, the venue was forced to close one of its three theatres for a season. [PAR] Under the management of Trevor Nunn the theatre has aimed to be more popular, both to recoup revenue and also to draw in a more mixed audience. His decisions to programme popular musicals such as \'My Fair Lady\' and \'South Pacific\' were met with fierce criticism from people who believe that a National Theatre with such a high proportion of public subsidy should not replicate West End commercial shows, but be a house that supports both innovative new work and revivals of the classics. [PAR] Nicolas Hytner is now the artistic director of the National Theatre.[DOC] [TLE] National Theatre: Rufus Norris is new director - TelegraphNational Theatre: Rufus Norris is new director - Telegraph [PAR] Theatre News [PAR] National Theatre: Rufus Norris is new director [PAR] Rufus Norris, director of Festen and London Road, will take over the artistic directorship of the National Theatre in April 2015 [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Image\xa01\xa0of\xa02 [PAR] Rufus Norris is to take over from Sir Nicholas Hytner as director of the National Theatre\xa0Photo: Getty Images [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] By Hannah Furness and Serena Davies [PAR] 10:45AM BST 15 Oct 2013 [PAR] Rufus Norris was named this morning as the new director of the National Theatre . [PAR] Norris, 48, has become the first actor and the first non-Cambridge graduate to be appointed director of National Theatre in four decades, as he pledges to bring adventure, bravery and risk to arguably the most important job in British arts. [PAR] Norris, who has worked on an opera with Damon Albarn, a feature film which premiered in Cannes and a host of award-winning theatre productions, has now formally accepted the role, succeeding Nicholas Hytner, who announced in April that he will step down at the end of March 2015, after what will be 12 years in the post. . [PAR] Saying he was "nervous" but excited at taking on a National Theatre in the "rudest possible health", he has pledged to bring a fresh outlook, courageous projects and "attack" the role with gusto. [PAR] Speaking at a press conference, he said the appointment was a "huge honour and privilege", adding he had celebrated by having a "nice tea while my kids took the p--- out of me". [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] Richard Eyre: "The National Theatre has defied its critics" [PAR] 14 Oct 2013 [PAR] RADA-trained Norris is the first actor to take the role since the theatre\'s first artistic director Sir Laurence Olivier, having worked as a painter and decorator and "played in bands" in his youth. [PAR] He is also the first NT boss not to have read English at Cambridge since 1973;his four immediate predecessors (Sirs) Peter Hall, Richard Eyre, Trevor'}, 'question': {'Who was the first artistic director of the National Theatre in London?'}}

['sir laurence olivier' 'laurence olivier']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Grand St Bernard Pass - All countries and cities of the worldGrand St Bernard Pass [PAR] Grand St Bernard Pass [PAR] What Is The Grand St. Bernard Pass? [PAR] The Grand St. Bernard Pass is sometimes called the Great St. Bernard Pass. It is the 3rd highest road pass in the country of Switzerland. It connects Martigny in the Valais canton in the country of Switzerland to Aosta in the country of Italy. It is the lowest that lies on the ridge between the highest summits of the Swiss Alps, Monte Rosa and Mont Blanc. The pass is situated in the Valais canton in the country of Switzerland, and it is very near to Italy. It is situated on the primary watershed that divides the Rhone basis from the Po.\xa0 [PAR] The Grand St. Bernard Pass is the oldest pass through the western part of the Alps, and there is some proof that its use dates nearly to the Bronze Age and surviving remains of a Roman road. In the year 1800, the army of Napoleon took the pass to go into Italy, and that journey was the subject of a few famous oil paintings. Since it was later circumvented by simpler and better routes, especially the Great St. Bernard Tunnel which was opened in the early 1960s, it has mostly a recreational and historical value today.\xa0 [PAR] The Great St. Bernard Hospice is at the highest point of the road, and it was founded in 1049. It would become famous later on for using St. Bernard dogs to rescue people who were stranded, trapped, injured, or needed rescuing. [PAR] The Dogs and the Hospice\xa0 [PAR] There was a hospice for travelers which was set up around the year 1050, and it was established by Saint Bernard, and the hospice was given his name after the 16th century. It wasn’t the first hospice that was built in the pass. There were probably buildings there from the time of the Roman mansion, but the area wasn’t safe and they were demolished several times. The person who founded the monastery had a major concern, and that concern was how to keep bandits out of the area and make sure that it was safe for travelers to get to. The hospice would later become famous for using St. Bernard dogs.\xa0 [PAR] The hospice is located at the highest point of the road, which is in the country of Switzerland. Right now, the current road for through traffic has been routed around the exterior of the monastery. The old road can still be seen, but it is above the paved road. [PAR] Grand St Bernard Pass Photo Gallery [PAR] Grand St Bernard Pass: 01 photo [PAR] Grand St Bernard Pass: 02 photo [PAR] Grand St Bernard Pass: 03 photo [PAR] Grand St Bernard Pass: 04 photo [PAR] Grand St Bernard Pass: 05 photo [PAR] Grand St Bernard Pass: 06 photo [PAR] Grand St Bernard Pass: 07 photo [PAR] Grand St Bernard Pass: 08 photo [PAR] Grand St Bernard Pass: 09 photo [PAR] Grand St Bernard Pass: 10 photo [PAR] Grand St Bernard Pass: 11 photo [PAR] Grand St Bernard Pass: 12 photo[DOC] [TLE] Grand St Bernard Pass - vevesworld.comGrand St Bernard Pass [PAR] Grand St Bernard Pass [PAR] What Is The Grand St. Bernard Pass? [PAR] The Grand St. Bernard Pass is sometimes called the Great St. Bernard Pass. It is the 3rd highest road pass in the country of Switzerland. It connects Martigny in the Valais canton in the country of Switzerland to Aosta in the country of Italy. It is the lowest that lies on the ridge between the highest summits of the Swiss Alps, Monte Rosa and Mont Blanc. The pass is situated in the Valais canton in the country of Switzerland, and it is very near to Italy. It is situated on the primary watershed that divides the Rhone basis from the Po.\xa0 [PAR] The Grand St. Bernard Pass is the oldest pass through the western part of the Alps, and there is some proof that its use dates nearly to the Bronze Age and surviving remains of a Roman road. In the year 1800, the army of Napoleon took the pass to go into Italy, and that journey was the subject of a few famous oil paintings. Since it was later circumvented by simpler and'}, 'question': {'The St Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to what other country?'}}

['italy']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] The Gunpowder Plot: Exploding The LegendThe Gunpowder Plot: Exploding The Legend was a British television show, hosted by Richard Hammond that recreated elements of the Gunpowder Plot in which Guy Fawkes attempted to blow up the House of Lords. [PAR] First aired on the ITV Network in 2005, this £1 million[http://moreresults.factiva.com/results/index/index.aspx?ref=DAISTA0020051031e1av0000t Factiva Search] programme centres on a reconstruction of the Houses of Parliament as they were in 1605 (the current ones had not yet been built at the time of the Gunpowder Plot), constructed using period equivalent methods wherever possible. This was stocked with mannequins to represent notable commoners, members and the king before the bomb was detonated. The programme was made to coincide with the 400th anniversary of the plot. [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] The programme explores through partial dramatization the plot itself, and the persons involved. It also answers the question of whether the plot would have actually worked: the Houses of Parliament would have been completely obliterated, and most of the windows in nearby Westminster Abbey would have been shattered. [PAR] The first hurdle to overcome was the actual recreation of the 17th-century Houses of Parliament. As the buildings were demolished to expand the current structures, Simon Carter, the Parliamentary Curator provided drawings of the original structures for the recreated structure to utilise using 650 tonnes of concrete. Explosives expert Sidney Alford helped to determine that thirty-six barrels containing one cubic ton of gunpowder were used in the plot. Alford further proved that the "decayed" powder was classified as such because it was unsuitable for infantry use, but could still detonate. [PAR] The dramatic experiment, conducted on the Advantica Spadeadam test site and overseen by Arup, proved unambiguously that the explosion would have, at the very least, killed all those attending the State Opening of Parliament in the Lords chamber, including, according to historical consultant Justin Pollard, King James I and VI of Scotland, Archbishop Bancroft, Lord Northampton and the philosopher Francis Bacon.[http://www.show.me.uk/gunpowderplot//adults_people_lc.htm The Gunpowder Plot: Parliament & Treason 1605 - People][http://www.answers.com/topic/francis-bacon Francis Bacon: Biography and Much More from Answers.com] [PAR] The power of the explosion, which surprised even gunpowder experts, was such that 7 ft solid concrete walls (made deliberately to replicate how archives suggest the walls in the old House of Lords were constructed) were reduced to rubble. Measuring devices placed in the chamber to calculate the force of the blast were themselves destroyed by the blast, while the skull of the mannequin representing King James, which had been placed on a throne inside the chamber surrounded by courtiers, peers and bishops, was found far from the site. According to the findings of the programme, no one within 100 metres of the blast would have survived, and all windows within a large distance of the palace would have been shattered, including the stained glass windows of Westminster Abbey. The power of the explosion would have been heard at least five miles away, and seen from much further. Even if only half the gunpowder had gone off, everyone in the House of Lords and its environs would have been killed instantly. The blast would have been mostly directed upwards, Arup blasting consultant David Haddon, pointed out, raining debris in a 200-meter radius. [PAR] The later part of the programme addressed the contrafactual historical aspects, had the plot actually succeeded. Pollard notes that the conspirators ideally planned to use the bombing to create a Catholic monarchy, with Robert Catesby and the Catholics in power while 9-year old Elizabeth sat on the throne. Pollard speculates that English history would have therefore more closely resembled that of France, and a president would ultimately have been living in Buckingham Palace. However, Pollard points out that, in all likelihood, the result would have been much the same as what actually transpired, with the conspirators caught and executed. Additionally, had the plot succeeded, there would have been a massacre of Catholics, who accounted for 5% of the populace, leaving no Catholics in England at all: "In reality, the blast would have sent shockwaves through the Protestant community, bolstering their resolve against the hugely outnumbered Catholics and sparking ruthless revenge.'}, 'question': {'"Which co-presenter of a programme for car enthusiasts has also presented ""Braniac: Science Abuse"", ""The Gunpowder Plot: Exploding the Legend"", ""Blast Lab"" and ""Invisible Worlds""?"'}}

['hamster' 'richard hammond']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Coup de gras - definition of Coup de gras by The Free ...Coup de gras - definition of Coup de gras by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Coup de gras - definition of Coup de gras by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Coup+de+gras [PAR] Related to Coup de gras: Coup de foudre [PAR] coup de grâce [PAR] n. pl. coups de grâce (ko͞o′) [PAR] 1. A deathblow delivered to end the misery of a mortally wounded victim. [PAR] 2. A finishing stroke or decisive event. [PAR] [French : coup, stroke + de, of + grâce, mercy.] [PAR] coup de grâce [PAR] (ku də ɡrɑs) [PAR] n, pl coups de grâce (ku də ɡrɑs) [PAR] 1. a mortal or finishing blow, esp one delivered as an act of mercy to a sufferer [PAR] 2. a final or decisive stroke [PAR] [literally: blow of mercy] [PAR] n., pl. coups de grâce (ku) [PAR] 1. a death blow, esp. one delivered mercifully to end suffering. [PAR] 2. any finishing or decisive stroke. [PAR] [1695–1705; < French: literally, blow of mercy] [PAR] coup de grâce [PAR] A French phrase meaning blow of mercy, that is, a final killing blow that puts a fatally wounded person out of his misery; used to mean the action or event that finally destroys or ends something. [PAR] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: [PAR] kill , putting to death , killing - the act of terminating a life [PAR] coup de grâce [PAR] (French) [PAR] noun final blow, clincher (informal) (slang), kill , knockout blow, mortal blow, quietus , deathblow , mercy stroke His affair administered the coup de grâce to their marriage. [PAR] Translations [PAR] coup de grace [PAR] [ˌkuːdəˈgrɑːs] n (= death blow) → coup m de grâce [PAR] to deliver the coup de grace → donner le coup de grâce, porter le coup de grâce [PAR] coup de grace [PAR] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster\'s page for free fun content . [PAR] Link to this page: [PAR] knockout [PAR] References in periodicals archive ? [PAR] Having crushed his corporeal rivals under foot over the last seven months, his meticulous preparations for the coup de gras were thrown into chaos by biblical rain and 200mph winds as Hurricane Patricia rampaged across the American continent. [PAR] RAINING CHAMP; Hurricane Patricia wreaks havoc as Lewis bids for third title [PAR] All the full color, full page illustrations are filled with humor and funny animal detail, but the coup de gras is the final page, showing Mother Hen, Father Pig, Father Duck, and Mother Sheep tiredly sitting down to enjoy a cup of tea together. [PAR] Drunk broke man\'s jaw in street brawl; Argument had nothing to do with attacker [PAR] Unbidden, it was Schumacher himself who revealed that as he mulled over his future it was Hamilton who was responsible for delivering the final coup de gras. [PAR] SCHU QUITS FOR GOOD; JAPANESE GRAND PRIX: F1 SCHUMACHER RETIRES Lewis: Michael is a true legend and the sport will miss him... but no one can go on for ever [PAR] Then, in one of the most amazing climaxes you could imagine, Blues surged forward again and this time applied the coup de gras, Wood lunging in to put King\'s cross past Colin Coosemans into the roof of the net. [PAR] A NIGHT TO SAY \'I WAS THERE\' Blue army hails a last-minute Wood winner From Colin Tattum OUR MAN WITH BLUES IN BRUGES [PAR] The home is not fit-for-purpose", they plead, "closure will be in the best interests of the residents", they wail, "nobody cares about the wellbeing of the residents more than us" they claim, and the greatest insult to all of our intelligence is "the home is not viable" - their coup de gras, delivered mercilessly like the matador\'s sword.[DOC] [TLE] Coup Z GraceCoup Z Grace [PAR] Coup Z Grace [PAR] The expression coup de grâce (pronounced /ˌkuːdə ˈɡrɑːs/; French: [kudəɡʁas], "blow of mercy") means a death blow intended to end'}, 'question': {'"What phrase means means ""a death blow intended to end the suffering of a wounded creature"", literally ""blow of mercy""?"'}}

['coup de grâce' 'blow of mercy']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] EarthEarth (otherwise known as the world, in Gaia, or in Latin: Terra ) is the third planet from the Sun, the densest planet in the Solar System, the largest of the Solar System\'s four terrestrial planets, and the only astronomical object known to harbor life. [PAR] According to radiometric dating and other sources of evidence, Earth formed about 4.54 billion years ago. Earth gravitationally interacts with other objects in space, especially the Sun and the Moon. During one orbit around the Sun, Earth rotates about its own axis 366.26 times, creating 365.26 solar days or one sidereal year. Earth\'s axis of rotation is tilted 23.4° away from the perpendicular of its orbital plane, producing seasonal variations on the planet\'s surface within a period of one tropical year (365.24 solar days). The Moon, Earth\'s only permanent natural satellite, by its gravitational relationship with Earth, causes ocean tides, stabilizes the orientation of Earth\'s rotational axis, and gradually slows Earth\'s rotational rate. [PAR] Earth\'s lithosphere is divided into several rigid tectonic plates that migrate across the surface over periods of many millions of years. 71% of Earth\'s surface is covered with water. The remaining 29% is land mass—consisting of continents and islands—that together has many lakes, rivers, and other sources of water that contribute to the hydrosphere. The majority of Earth\'s polar regions are covered in ice, including the Antarctic ice sheet and the sea ice of the Arctic ice pack. Earth\'s interior remains active with a solid iron inner core, a liquid outer core that generates the Earth\'s magnetic field, and a convecting mantle that drives plate tectonics. [PAR] Within its first billion years, life appeared in Earth\'s oceans, and began to affect the atmosphere and surface, leading to the proliferation of aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Since then, the combination of Earth\'s distance from the Sun, physical properties, and geological history have allowed life to evolve and today thrive. The earliest undisputed life on Earth arose at least 3.5 billion years ago. Earlier physical evidence of life includes biogenic graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in southwestern Greenland, as well as "remains of biotic life" found in 4.1 billion-year-old rocks in Western Australia. Except when interrupted by mass extinction events, Earth\'s biodiversity has continually expanded. Although scholars estimate that over 99% of all species of life (over five billion) that ever lived on Earth are today extinct, there are an estimated 10–14 million species still in existence, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86% have not yet been described. More recently, in May 2016, scientists reported that 1 trillion species are estimated to be on Earth currently with only one-thousandth of one percent described. In July 2016, scientists reported identifying a set of 355 genes from the Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA) of all organisms living on Earth. Over 7.3 billion humans live on Earth and depend on its biosphere and minerals for their survival. Earth\'s human population is divided among about 200 sovereign states that interact through diplomacy, conflict, travel, trade, and communication media. [PAR] Name and etymology [PAR] The modern English word Earth developed from a wide variety of Middle English forms, which derived from an Old English noun most often spelled \'.Oxford English Dictionary, "earth, n.¹" Oxford University Press (Oxford), 2010. It has cognates in every Germanic language, and their proto-Germanic root has been reconstructed as *erþō. In its earliest appearances, eorðe was already being used to translate the many senses of Latin \' and Greek (gē): the ground, its soil, dry land, the human world, the surface of the world (including the sea), and the globe itself. As with Terra and Gaia, Earth was a personified goddess in Germanic paganism: the Angles were listed by Tacitus as among the devotees of Nerthus, and later Norse mythology included Jörð, a giantess often given as the mother of Thor. [PAR] Originally,'}, 'question': {"What is the name for the highly viscous layer of the earth that is about 2,890 km (1,800 miles) thick and makes up about 84 percent of Earth's volume?"}}

['mantle']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] 7 Facts about the Spanish Steps | Rome Guide - Official Page7 Facts about the Spanish Steps | Rome Guide - The Spanish Steps | [PAR] 7 Facts about the Spanish Steps [PAR] 7 Facts about the Spanish Steps [PAR] With its irregular butterfly design, the beautiful “Scalina Spagna”, or Spanish Steps are just one of these must see places when in Rome and a great example of Roman Baroque Style. It’s a great place to just sit down and enjoy the atmosphere and views of the Eternal City. The steps are a wide irregular gathering place consisted of 138 steps placed in a mix of curves, straight flights, vistas and terraces. They connect the lower Piazza di Spagna with the upper piazza Trinita dei Monti, with its beautiful twin tower church dominating the skyline. [PAR] 7 facts about the Spanish Steps: [PAR] 1 The Spanish steps were built in 1723-1725 by a design of the rather little known architect Francesco de Sanctis and were financed by French diplomat Étienne Gueffier’s bequeathed. It was built in order to link the the Trinità dei Monti church that was under the patronage of the king of France, with the Spanish square below. The long, triangular Spanish square is named after the Spanish Embassy to the Holy See. In the 17th century, the area around the embassy was even considered Spanish territory. The idea of connecting the church with the square below originates from the 17th century, when the French also planned a statue of King Louis XIV of France at the top of the staircase. This plan was never executed, due to the refusal of the Pope. [PAR] 2 The Spanish steps unique design and elegance has made it a popular place for artists, painters and poets who were attracted to the place which inspired them in return. The artist’s presence attracted many beautiful women to the area, hoping to taken as models. This in turn, attracted rich Romans and travelers. After a short time, the steps were crowded with people of all kinds of backgrounds. This tradition, of the Spanish Steps as a meeting place, has lived on ever since. [PAR] The Spanish Steps are the widest stairway in Europe [PAR] The Fountain of the old boat. though to be the first work of young Gian Lorenzo Bernini who helped his father building it [PAR] Don't eat while youre sitting on the Steps! its not allowed. [PAR] The Beautiful Spanish Steps [PAR] 3 At the lower end of the stairs you can find an early baroque fountain called Fontana della Barcaccia, or “Fountain of the Old Boat”. It is credited Pietro Bernini; a member of the renowned artist family Bernini and father of famous Baroque artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini. The fountain has the form of a sinking ship and it is said to be based upon a folk legend. The legend tells that a fishing boat was carried all the way to this exact spot during a massive flood of the Tiber River in the 16th century. The design with the sinking boat also helped Bernini to overcome a technical problem, due to low water pressure. [PAR] 4 On the 13th June, 2007, a drunken young man attempted to drive a Toyota Celica down the Spanish Steps. Luckily no one was hurt, but several of the 200-year-old steps were chipped and scuffed. The driver was arrested. [PAR] 5 At the corner on the right as one begins to climb the steps, is the house where English poet John Keats lived and died in 1821; it is now a museum dedicated to his memory, full of memorabilia of the English Romantic generation. [PAR] 6 On the 20th March, 1986, the first McDonalds restaurant in Italy was opened near the Spanish Steps. Protests there against fast food led to Carlo Petrini founding the international Slow Food movement three years later. [PAR] Even today, almost 2000 years after its construction, the breathtaking pantheon is a remarkable building to see. The spectacular design, proportions, elegance and harmony are a striking reminder of the architecture of the great Roman Empire… Continue Reading… [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Rome’s most popular monument was built between 72-80 A.D. The Colosseum is still the largest amphitheater in the world, and stands as an iconic symbol of Rome and"}, 'question': {'"Where are the ""Spanish Steps""?"'}}

['rome']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] How it’s Made | Vinegar TipsHow it’s Made | Vinegar Tips [PAR] Versatile Vinegar, "How Is Vinegar Made?" [PAR] White Distilled Vinegar [PAR] White Distilled Vinegar is the most common type of vinegar in American households and is made from grain-based ethanol which is converted to acetic acid and diluted to preferred acidity with water. This type of vinegar is commonly found at supermarkets and hardware stores with 5% acidity (grain strength) in gallon (128 oz) and half gallon sizes (64 oz). White Distilled Vinegar can be used inside and outside of the home for: cooking, canning, pickling, cleaning, laundry, automotive and gardening needs, to name a few. [PAR] Cleaning Vinegar [PAR] Cleaning vinegar is a concentrated form of the most common vinegar in the American home, White Distilled vinegar. It has a higher acidity of 6% (grain strength) while White Distilled is 5%. This product can be used for cooking and pickling, though recipes may need to be adjusted to account for the increased acidity.\xa0 Cleaning Vinegar is considered a non-toxic, eco-friendly, and cost effective alternative to chemical cleaners. It can be used on a wide variety of surfaces and generally comes in 1 gallon jugs. This product became commercially available in 2013. [PAR] Apple Cider Vinegar & Apple Cider Flavored Vinegar [PAR] Apple Cider Vinegar is the second most common type of vinegar in American households. As its name suggests, this item is made from the juices of apples, which adds a tart and subtle fruit flavor to cooking. Apple Cider Vinegar is commonly used with salads, dressings, marinades and condiments. In addition, this product can be used for health, beauty and more. Unfiltered Apple Cider Vinegar is a variety of Apple Cider Vinegar which retains "the mother" of the vinegar, a naturally-occurring compound created during the vinegar\'s fermentation process. This is the type of vinegar some people associate with perceived health benefits, although it can also be used for cooking, drinking, and health & beauty. Apple Cider Flavored Vinegar is in fact White Distilled Vinegar with added natural flavor and caramel color. This variety is intended to replicate the flavor and appearance of Apple Cider Vinegar and is sometimes used when apple ingredients – a crucial ingredient in Apple Cider Vinegar – are in low supply. It is most commonly used in cooking in place of traditional Apple Cider Vinegar. [PAR] Wine Vinegar [PAR] A flavorful type of vinegar made from red or white wines, Wine Vinegar is most commonly used in Europe. Like other specialty vinegars, Wine Vinegars range in quality, depending on the ingredients and processing method. Better-quality wine vinegars use premium grapes and are matured in wooden casks for a couple years to develop flavor. Wine Vinegars tend to have a lower acidity than White Distilled Vinegar or Apple Cider Vinegars and excel as in ingredient in dressings and marinades, lending subtle flavor. [PAR] Balsamic Vinegar [PAR] Classified as specialty vinegar, Balsamic is available in Traditional or Commercial varieties. Traditional Balsamic Vinegar is made from white Trebbiano grapes from the northern region of Italy which ferment for approximately 30-60 days before processing. This type of vinegar is aged in a wooden cask (chestnut, mulberry, oak, juniper, and cherry) and can be aged from 6 to as many as 25 years. This method is very time- and labor-intensive, which results in a low supply and a premium price. [PAR] Each Traditional Balsamic Vinegar must pass a sensory examination before it is bottled under a stringent, highly regulated manufacturing process. A leaf rating system is used to denote the quality, on one to four leaf scale, with four being the highest quality. One leaf balsamic vinegar is best used for a salad dressing and four leaf is best used a few drops to season a dish right before serving. [PAR] Some Commercial balsamic vinegar is made in Modena, but no traditional methods or geographical restrictions or rules for the method of aging. In the US, domestically produced Balsamic Vinegars are made from wine vinegar blended with grape juice or grape “must” and may include caramel color. To an undiscerning palate, Commercial Balsamic Vinegar'}, 'question': {'What is the name of the vinegar made from Trebbiano grapes?'}}

['aceto balsamico di modena' 'balsamico' 'aceto balsamico' 'balsamic' 'balsamic vinegar']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Friends Gifts - CafePressFriends Gifts - CafePress [PAR] Showing: 1 – 28 of 2,190 Friends TV show Gifts designs available on 163,000 products [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] For unique Friends merchandise, look no further than the Friends TV show gifts store at CafePress. Stand out with one-of-a-kind Friends tees and merchandise, featuring your favorite Friends TV Show characters such as Rachel, Ross, Joey, Monica, Chandler, and Phoebe. In addition to finding amazing Friends merchandise on our site, you can design your own Friends TV Show gifts that will then appear in our store. Shop your favorite Friends quotes including How you doin\', Pivot, Smelly Cat, You’re My Lobster, and more Friends TV Show merchandise.[DOC] [TLE] Central Perk - Friends Central - WikiaCentral Perk | Friends Central | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Central Perk\xa0is a coffee house in New York on NBC sitcom Friends . [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ show ] [PAR] About [PAR] The six main protagonists\xa0frequently visited\xa0Central Perk throughout the series. It is situated in New York City\'s Greenwich Village, near Monica\'s apartment . It was where they spent much of their free time conversing. [PAR] Staff [PAR] Rachel Green [PAR] Rachel works as a waitress at Central Perk from autumn 1994 till winter 1996/1997 . Being pretty much a spoiled, self-centered\xa0individual throughout this period of her life, Rachel clearly shows ineptitude at work, mixing up orders, neglecting her waitressing duties, and showing little care about where everything goes and how it should be done. Ironically, in The One With The Flashback ,\xa0it is revealed that prior to getting this job,\xa0while out with her friends one night, she had responded to a waiter getting their drinks mixed up by\xa0remarking: "how hard is it to get a couple of drinks?". When Joey starts working at Central Perk, Rachel mentions that she would sneeze on the food of any customers who were rude to her. [PAR] It quickly becomes clear that Rachel does not care for her job at Central Perk,\xa0only for her\xa0financial income. However, she does try for other job opportunities in fashion (mostly during Season 1 ), with little success. In Season 3 , she decides to pursue the fashion business again after Gunther assigns her to re-training, quitting her waitressing job to work with Fortunata Fashions, then moving on to Bloomingdale\'s. [PAR] Joey Tribbiani Jr. [PAR] Joey becomes a waiter at the coffee shop half-way through Season 6 . His acting career being at a standstill, Joey is tight on money, so much that he can\'t afford paying for coffee. Gunther decides to let him work there. Like Rachel, Joey shows ineptitude at the job. Unlike Rachel, however, this is mostly due to his immaturity coinciding with the house\'s policies. However, later in the season, Joey\'s acting career takes a step forward when he gets the lead role in Mac & C.H.E.E.S.E. . This makes him quit his waitering job, which he does without mentioning anything to Gunther. Gunther, however, points this out to him in The One With The Ring , and that he was going to fire Joey anyway. [PAR] Entertainment [PAR] Phoebe Buffay was also a regular fixture in Central Perk, and played songs such as Smelly Cat to often bemused audiences. Phoebe was, at one point, replaced by Stephanie Schiffer , a professional who was hired by Terry. [PAR] Layout [PAR] The interior of the famous Central Perk [PAR] Throughout the coffee shop are small tables with chairs that extras on the show usually occupy. These, from the main camera angle, are behind the large orange sofa in the middle of the shop. The green chair on the right, the coffee table and the table and chair on the left are nearly always used as the main setting for any scenes in Central Perk. In the earlier episodes, irrespective of how busy the coffee shop became, those seats were always available. The writers turned this into a joke and, in the first episode of season three , the six main characters arrive in the shop to find their seats taken, apparently by Kevin Bright, Marta Kauffman'}, 'question': {'"What is the name of the coffee shop that was a regular set for the US TV series ""Friends""?"'}}

['central perk' 'friends']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Ang Lee - Biography - IMDbAng Lee - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 59 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview \xa0(2)\xa0| Mini Bio \xa0(1)\xa0| Spouse \xa0(1)\xa0| Trade Mark \xa0(6)\xa0| Trivia \xa0(30)\xa0| Personal Quotes \xa0(19) [PAR] Overview (2) [PAR] 5\'\xa07"\xa0(1.7\xa0m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Born in 1954 in Pingtung, Taiwan, Ang Lee has become one of today\'s greatest contemporary filmmakers. Ang graduated from the National Taiwan College of Arts in 1975 and then came to the U.S. to receive a B.F.A. Degree in Theatre/Theater Direction at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and a Masters Degree in Film Production at New York University. At NYU, he served as Assistant Director on Spike Lee \'s student film, Joe\'s Bed-Stuy Barbershop: We Cut Heads (1983). After Lee wrote a couple of screenplays, he eventually appeared on the film scene with Pushing Hands (1992) (aka Pushing Hands), a dramatic-comedy reflecting on generational conflicts and cultural adaptation, centering on the metaphor of the grandfather\'s Tai-Chi technique of "Pushing Hands". The Wedding Banquet (1993) (aka The Wedding Banquet) was Lee\'s next film, an exploration of cultural and generational conflicts through a homosexual Taiwanese man who feigns a marriage in order to satisfy the traditional demands of his Taiwanese parents. It garnered Golden Globe and Oscar nominations, and won a Golden Bear at the Berlin Film Festival. The third movie in his trilogy of Taiwanese-Culture/Generation films, all of them featuring his patriarch figure Sihung Lung , was Eat Drink Man Woman (1994) (aka Eat Drink Man Woman), which received a Best Foreign Film Oscar nomination. Lee followed this with Sense and Sensibility (1995), his first Hollywood-mainstream movie. It acquired a Best Picture Oscar nomination, and won Best Adapted Screenplay, for the film\'s screenwriter and lead actress, Emma Thompson . Lee was also voted the year\'s Best Director by the National Board of Review and the New York Film Critics Circle. Lee and frequent collaborator James Schamus next filmed The Ice Storm (1997), an adaptation of Rick Moody \'s novel involving 1970s New England suburbia. The movie acquired the 1997 Best Screenplay at Cannes for screenwriter James Schamus , among other accolades. The Civil War drama Ride with the Devil (1999) soon followed and received critical praise, but it was Lee\'s Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000) (aka Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon) that is considered one of his greatest works, a sprawling period film and martial-arts epic that dealt with love, loyalty and loss. It swept the Oscar nominations, eventually winning Best Foreign Language Film, as well as Best Director at the Golden Globes, and became the highest grossing foreign-language film ever released in America. Lee then filmed the comic-book adaptation, Hulk (2003) - an elegantly and skillfully made film with nice action scenes. Lee has also shot a short film - Chosen (2001) (aka Hire, The Chosen) - and most recently won the 2005 Best Director Academy Award for Brokeback Mountain (2005), a film based on a short story by Annie Proulx . In 2012 Lee directed Life of Pi which earned 11 Academy Award nominations and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Director. In 2013 Ang Lee was selected as a member of the main competition jury at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival. [PAR] - IMDb Mini Biography By: Anonymous [PAR] Spouse (1) [PAR] ( 19 August \xa01983 - present)\xa0(2 children) [PAR] Trade Mark (6) [PAR] Frequently cast actor Sihung Lung as his \'father figure\' [PAR] Some of his films - Sense and Sensibility (1995), Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000) (aka Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon) - involved repressed women trying to deal with the confines of their society. [PAR] Outdoor settings [PAR] Spectacular, CGI-ladden action scene in service of psychological'}, 'question': {'What 2005 film, directed by Ang Lee, was based on a short story by Annie Proulx?'}}

['brokeback mountain']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Geekdad Passport: Bletchley Park - GeekDadGeekdad Passport: Bletchley Park - GeekDad [PAR] Geekdad Passport: Bletchley Park [PAR] by Tom Fassbender • 2 Comments [PAR] For many geeks, Bletchley Park is known as the place where mathematician Alan Turing and his team of codebreakers worked tirelessly to crack the Nazi Enigma cipher. But this former British estate-turned-secret-military-headquarters was home to more than just Turing and his team. At the height of the World War II, more than 9,000 people lived and worked on the 58-acre compound, and the people working there did a lot more than crack the Enigma cipher. They also deciphered many secret communications sent by the different military branches of the Axis powers–including the Lorenz cipher, the Engima’s more complicated cousin. It’s hard to overlook the fact that’s repeated on many signs throughout the museum: the work done at Bletchley Park shortened World War II by at least two years. [PAR] Don’t let the bucolic setting fool you — important wartime battles were fought here. [PAR] The estate that would become Bletchley Park dates way back to the early 1700s, but its status as codebreaker central began when Admiral Sir Hugh Sinclair bought the property on behalf of the British government in 1938. It was purchased and developed for the express purpose of housing the Secret Intelligence Service (also known as MI6–the organization James Bond works for) and the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS). The cryptographers housed here started work on breaking enciphered Nazi messages the day after Britain and France declared war on Germany in 1939. [PAR] Bletchley Park is located just an hour-and-half drive (or a 40-minute train ride) north of London in the town of Milton Keynes, and our family stopped to visit the place on our drive from London to Hadrian’s Wall. I’ve long been a fan of codes and ciphers, so I was really excited to finally be able to visit such an important monument in the history of cryptography. [PAR] After paying the price of admission , we were given a copy of Home of the Codebrakers Guidebook and invited into the hallowed grounds of Block C by a fellow sporting a cipher-decorated necktie (codes and ciphers lurk around every corner at Bletchley Park). [PAR] Block C [PAR] By the end of World War II, the Bletchley Park complex held eight different Blocks made of bomb-proofed brick and concrete, lettered A-H. Today, Block C is the museum’s Visitor Centre and serves as the introduction to Bletchley Park. It features a number of different exhibits, including the aptly named “Secrets Revealed–Introducing Bletchley Park” and the “Road to Bletchley Park,” where visitors learn about the history of codebreaking and the codebreakers of World War I\xa0who set the stage for the success of the Bletchley Park. [PAR] There’s a self-guided path that gives visitors an overview of the codebreaking process, and it’s here that visitors learn the difference between codes and ciphers. As explained on a plaque: [PAR] A code is when words, phrases, or numbers are converted into other words, phrases, or numbers. For example, the phrase attack at dawn might be encoded to read buy some milk. Conversely, a cipher changes individual letters or small groups of letters into other letters or numbers. Using the same example, attack at dawn, might be enciphered to read bpyfw wgzxg qsvrp. [PAR] In Block C visitors also get their first look at an actual Enigma machine, the device used by the Axis powers to send secret communiqués. [PAR] Enigma Machine [PAR] The first Enigma machine was invented by Arthur Scherbius, a German mechanical engineer and appeared in 1923, showcased by his company Scherbius & Ritter. It was originally designed to be used for commercial purposes–keeping bank information and other trade secrets secure–but it quickly attracted the attention of various European intelligence agencies. [PAR] An Enigma machine. [PAR] By 1932, a more advanced, military-grade version of the Engima appeared on the cryptographic scene that was able to encipher a message in 159 million million million different ways. The job of the Bletchley Park codebreakears was to discover how each letter in a given cipher had been'}, 'question': {'"Who worked at Betchley Park in World War II as one of the Enigma codebreakers and became known as ""the father of modern computer science""?"'}}

['alan turing' 'turing']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Supplementary and Complementary Angles - Concept ...Supplementary and Complementary Angles - Concept - Geometry Video by Brightstorm [PAR] Supplementary and Complementary Angles [PAR] Univ. of Wisconsin [PAR] J.D. Univ. of Wisconsin Law school [PAR] Brian was a geometry teacher through the Teach for America program and started the geometry program at his school [PAR] Thank you for watching the video. [PAR] To unlock all 5,300 videos, start your free trial. [PAR] Supplementary and Complementary Angles - Concept [PAR] Brian McCall [PAR] Univ. of Wisconsin [PAR] J.D. Univ. of Wisconsin Law school [PAR] Brian was a geometry teacher through the Teach for America program and started the geometry program at his school [PAR] Share [PAR] Transcript [PAR] Supplementary angles are two angles whose sum is 180 degrees while complementary angles are two angles whose sum is 90 degrees. Supplementary and complementary angles do not have to be adjacent (sharing a vertex and side, or next to), but they can be. [PAR] angles sum right angle [PAR] Two concepts that are related but not the same are supplementary angles and complementary angles. The difference is their sum. [PAR] Supplementary angles are two angles whose measures sum to a 180 degrees and complementary are the sum have to add up to 90 degrees. And I noted here that these do not have to be adjacent. So supplementary angles could be adjacent so if I had angles one and two those two would be supplementary. But I could also say if we had some angle here that we said three and let's say 3 was equal to 60 degrees and I had some other angle over here, let's say angle four was equal to 120 degrees, I could say that these two angles three and four are supplementary because they sum to 180 degrees. [PAR] The same is true for complementary angles. Let's look at a specific example where you might be asked to identify supplementary angles and complementary angles. Here we have five angles; 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 and we're told that this angle 3 is 90 degrees, now one thing that you can assume is that 1, 2 and 3 are all linear, so if you add up 1, 2 and 3 it would be 180 degrees, which means that 1 and 2 must also sum to 90 degrees so I could label this as a right-angle. So complementary angles could be angles 1 and 2. So I could say angle 1 and angle 2. [PAR] Now, a supplementary pair could be angle 4 and angle 5 which are adjacent and they are linear. So notice that for a supplementary and for complementary you can't say that five angles are complementary but we're always talking about pairs or two's. So remember that when you're trying to evaluate your problems that supplementary sum to 180 degrees or they're linear and complementary angles sum to 90 degrees.[DOC] [TLE] Special Pairs of Angles (Complementary, Supplementary, and ...Special Pairs of Angles (Complementary, Supplementary, and Vertical) - Free Math Help [PAR] Related Pages [PAR] Special Types of Angles [PAR] Two angles may share a certain relationship that will be useful in solving a geometric problem. Determining that a pair of angles is complementary, supplementary, or vertical may be useful in determining other unknown angles. [PAR] Complementary Angles [PAR] As you may know, two angles are complementary if the sum of their degree measures equals 90 degrees. Two angles, measuring 50 degrees and 40 degrees, are complementary because their sum is 90 degrees, as shown in the diagram below: [PAR] Using this knowledge, we can begin to solve for unknown angles: [PAR] Sample A [PAR] If the degree measure of two complementary angles are in the ratio of 1:14, find the degree measure of the smallest angle. [PAR] Solution: [PAR] Let x equal the degree measure of the smallest angle. [PAR] Then x + 14x = 90 degrees. [PAR] Why do we equate x + 14x to 90 degrees? This is done because we are dealing with complementary angles. That means the sum is 90 degrees. We called the smaller angle x, so the larger one must be 14x because we know it's 14 times larger. Therefore, the small angle (x) plus the larger angle (14x"}, 'question': {'A pair of angles is complementary if the sum of their measures is how many degrees?'}}

['90']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] 2008 FA Cup FinalThe 2008 FA Cup Final was a football match held at Wembley Stadium on 17 May 2008 and was the final match of the 2007–08 FA Cup competition. The match was the 127th FA Cup Final, and the second to be held at the new Wembley Stadium since its redevelopment. The match was contested by Portsmouth and Cardiff City, with Portsmouth winning 1–0. This was the first time that the two sides have ever met in the competition, as both teams were aiming to win the FA Cup for the second time, Cardiff having won it in 1927 and Portsmouth in 1939. Had Cardiff won, they would have been the first club from outside the top division of English football to have won the competition since West Ham United in 1980. The match had an attendance of 89,874, a record which still stands as the largest ever for an FA Cup Final at the new Wembley Stadium. [PAR] The winning team received £1 million in prize money. As in the preceding few years, the players voted Player of the Round in every round from the First Qualifying Round to the Semi-finals were present and given VIP hospitality for themselves and a guest. Although Cardiff City are considered a Welsh club and only hold associate membership with the Football Association, should they have won the 2008 FA Cup they would have been allowed to compete in the 2008–09 UEFA Cup. [PAR] It enabled Portsmouth to qualify for European competition for the first time in their history. [PAR] The FA announced that, before the game began, the Welsh national anthem, "Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau" would be played, along with the traditional "God Save the Queen" and "Abide with Me". The Welsh anthem was sung by Katherine Jenkins, while Lesley Garrett sang "God Save the Queen", and the two duetted on "Abide with Me". [PAR] Route to the final [PAR] The FA Cup is English football\'s primary cup competition. Clubs in the Premier League and the Football League Championship enter the FA Cup in the third round and are drawn randomly out of a hat with the remaining clubs. If a match is drawn, a replay comes into force, ordinarily at the ground of the team who were away for the first game. As with league fixtures, FA Cup matches are subject to change in the event of games being selected for television coverage and this often can be influenced by clashes with other competitions. [PAR] Cardiff City [PAR] Cardiff City entered the competition in the third round, receiving a bye as a Football League Championship club. Their opening match was a 3–1 home win against Southern League Division One Midlands side Chasetown. An own goal by defender Kevin McNaughton from a cross by Ben Steane gave Chasetown the lead in the 17th minute. Midfielder Peter Whittingham scored a first half injury time equaliser for Cardiff. Whittingham\'s team-mate Aaron Ramsey (who was making his first appearance in a FA Cup match) put Cardiff ahead with a close-range header and winger Paul Parry hit the ball through Chasetown goalkeeper Lee Evans\' legs to ensure progression to the fourth round. Cardiff were drawn away to League Two side Hereford United at Edgar Street. McNaughton opened the scoreline with his first goal for Cardiff with a volley from the edge of the Hereford penalty area during first-half injury time. They extended their lead when striker Steven Thompson scored a penalty after McNaughton was felled by Clint Easton. Hereford scored in the 77th minute through striker Theo Robinson, but they were unable to achieve an equaliser and Cardiff won the match 2–1 to go through to the fifth round. This was the first time since 1994 that Cardiff had progressed into the fifth round of the FA Cup. [PAR] Cardiff City\'s fifth round match was home to fellow Championship club Wolverhampton Wanderers. Whittingham opened the scoreline for Cardiff after 90 seconds as he converted a flick-on from striker Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink. Hasselbaink extended Cardiff\'s advantage nine minutes later by side-stepping the ball into the top-left hand corner of the Wanderers goal net. Wanderers were unable to respond in the remainder of the match despite centre forward Kevin Kyle taking advantage of a'}, 'question': {'Who won the 2008 F A Cup?'}}

['portsmouth']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (JSC) - NASALyndon B. Johnson Space Center [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (JSC) [PAR] Johnson Space Center (JSC) in Houston, Texas, was established in 1961, and from the Gemini, Apollo and Skylab projects to today\'s Space Shuttle and International Space Station Programs, the Center continues to lead NASA\'s efforts in human space exploration. Johnson Space Center was born out of the early space program\'s need for facilities to house the Space Task Group (STG), which was formed with Langley engineers to conduct the Apollo Project. With the daunting task outlined by President John F. Kennedy to put a man on the Moon by the end of the decade, the STG needed new quarters with test facilities and research laboratories suitable to mount an expedition to the Moon. The NASA installation was originally designated the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC), and from its inception, it was to be the lead center for U.S. space missions involving astronauts. It was renamed the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center on August 27, 1973. [PAR] On July 7, 1961, NASA Administrator James E. Webb directed the establishment of preliminary site criteria and a site selection team. Essential criteria for the new site included the availability of water transport and a first-class all-weather airport, proximity to a major telecommunications network, a well established pool of industrial and contractor support, a readily available supply of water, a mild climate permitting year-round outdoor work and a culturally attractive community. Houston was initially included by virtue of the San Jacinto Ordnance Depot, since military rather than commercial facilities were judged best for helping handle NASA\'s large retinue of jets and specialized equipment, and because of its recognized, prominent universities, including Rice, Texas, and Texas A&M. [PAR] The Center\'s famed Mission Control Center, or MCC, has been the operational hub of every American human space mission since Gemini IV. The MCC manages all activity onboard the space station and directs all space shuttle missions, including station assembly flights and Hubble Space Telescope servicing. Construction of the control center began in late 1962. In addition to conducting mission simulations and operations with flight controllers, space was allocated for key NASA engineering and scientific personnel along with representatives of the major contractors to support each mission. This increased presence strengthened the problem-solving capabilities of the MCC team. The spacecraft program office support team occupied what became known as the "SPAN" or Spacecraft Analysis Room. JSC and industry engineering teams supported missions in this room. This arrangement allowed immediate contact with key JSC engineering and industry representatives in case assistance was needed in resolving any technical anomalies that might arise during missions. By the 1990s, the technology supporting MCC operations was outdated and needed replacing. A state-of-the-art MCC became operational in July 1995 and the Apollo MCC is set aside as a national historic facility. [PAR] Nearby, Ellington Field hosts center flight operations. The aircraft include a KC-135 four-engine jet used to produce space-like weightlessness by flying a series of arcs, a twin-engine Gulfstream specially modified to perform like a landing shuttle orbiter, and T-38 jet trainers flown by astronauts to maintain their proficiency. [PAR] Today JSC serves as the lead NASA center for the International Space Station, a U.S.-led collaborative effort of 16 nations, and the largest, most powerful, complex human facility to ever operate in space. JSC is also home to NASA\'s Astronaut Corps and is responsible for training space explorers from the United States and our space station partner nations. As such, it is the principal training site for both space shuttle crews and International Space Station Expedition crews. JSC leads NASA\'s flight-related scientific and medical research efforts and strives to make revolutionary discoveries and advances to benefit all humankind. Technologies developed originally for space flight have already found a wide range of applications in medicine, energy, transportation, agriculture, communications and electronics. Additionally, the Center manages the development, testing, production and delivery of hardware supporting spacecraft functions including life support systems and all human spacecraft-related functions. The latter include life support systems, power systems'}, 'question': {"Where is NASA's Johnson Space Centre?"}}

['houston']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Coral Gifts, 35th Anniversary Gifts, Traditional 35th ...Coral Gifts, 35th Anniversary Gifts, Traditional 35 Year Anniversary Gift Ideas [PAR] Coral is the Symbol for Traditional 35th Anniversary Gifts [PAR] ~~~~~ [PAR] Unique Coral Anniversary Gifts, Appropriate 35th Anniversary Gifts and Coral 35th Wedding Anniversary Gift Ideas [PAR] These unique Coral 35th anniversary gifts, traditional 35th wedding anniversary gift ideas and decorative stone accents are beautifully handcrafted from Natural Coral Stone. Blending with any decor, each unique Coral 35th anniversary gift consists of sand, tan and earth tones and displays ancient coral, shells and ocean plants. These fascinating Coral gifts make an appropriate 35th anniversary gift for a husband or wife, traditional 35th anniversary gift for parents, unique 35 year anniversary gift for men or women, and impressive Coral anniversary gifts for a couple celebrating a 35th wedding anniversary.\xa0\xa0 P2 [PAR] Free Shipping for Orders over $25.00! [PAR] Order by 9:00AM Pacific, (12:00PM ET), Monday - Friday for Same Day Shipping. [PAR] Most Orders Ship Priority Mail and Arrive in Just 2-3 Days, Inc. Saturday. [PAR] ~~~~~ [PAR] Coral 35th Wedding Anniversary Gifts, Traditional Coral 35th Anniversary Gifts [PAR] * Large Items as Marked Ship UPS - Order By 4:00PM ET, Mon.-Fri. for Same Day UPS Shipping. [PAR] Click any image to enlarge. [PAR] Decorative Coral Stone Bookends - Large, 4x6 Inch Tall [PAR] C690C-[DOC] [TLE] 35th wedding anniversary gift ideas | Perfect 35th ...35th wedding anniversary gift ideas | Perfect 35th anniversary gifts [PAR] LUCKY SIXPENCE FOR 35TH CORAL WEDDING ANNIVERSARY [PAR] Idea for 35th Anniversary Gifts [PAR] 35th Coral Wedding Anniversary gift ~ Hit Music of 1982 CD and Card [PAR] Idea for 35th Anniversary Gifts [PAR] Personalised Anniversary Candle [PAR] Idea for 35th Anniversary Gifts [PAR] A pair of Cut Crystal Brandy Glasses [PAR] Idea for 35th Anniversary Gifts [PAR] On your 35th Wedding Anniversary Personalised Bone China Plate [PAR] Idea for 35th Anniversary Gifts [PAR] On your 35th Anniversary Personalised Candle [PAR] Idea for 35th Anniversary Gifts [PAR] 35th Coral Wedding Anniversary gift ~ Reminisce 1982 with DVD and Card in one [PAR] Idea for 35th Anniversary Gifts [PAR] Coral Wedding, 35th Anniversary gifts - Armagnac from year of marriage. [PAR] Idea for 35th Anniversary Gifts [PAR] On your Wedding Anniversary Personalised Bone China Plate [PAR] Idea for 35th Anniversary Gifts [PAR] Personalised 6" x 4" Wooden Photo Frame Engraved Free [PAR] Idea for 35th Anniversary Gifts [PAR] On your Anniversary Personalised Candle [PAR] Idea for 35th Anniversary Gifts [PAR] 35th Anniversary or Birthday gifts ~ Booklet , Music & Card; 1982 in one present [PAR] Idea for 35th Anniversary Gifts [PAR] Artisan Cheese Board Set [PAR] Idea for 35th Anniversary Gifts [PAR] Two Hearts beat as one, Wedding Anniversary China plate [PAR] Idea for 35th Anniversary Gifts [PAR] A Pair of Cut Crystal Champagne Flutes [PAR] Idea for 35th Anniversary Gifts [PAR] Anniversary Celebration Newspaper Book [PAR] Idea for 35th Anniversary Gifts [PAR] Original Wedding Day Newspaper in a Full Size Book [PAR] Idea for 35th Anniversary Gifts [PAR] Personalised Wedding Anniversary Prosecco [PAR] Idea for 35th Anniversary Gifts [PAR] Personalised Wedding Anniversary Cava [PAR] Idea for 35th Anniversary Gifts [PAR] Personalised Wedding Anniversary Red Wine [PAR] Idea for 35th Anniversary Gifts [PAR] Personalised Wedding Anniversary Rose Wine [PAR] Idea for 35th Anniversary Gifts [PAR] Personalised Wedding Anniversary White Wine [PAR] Idea for 35th Anniversary Gifts [PAR] Personalised Champagne for Wedding Anniversaries [PAR] Idea for 35th Anniversary Gifts [PAR] A pair of Cut Crystal Whisky Tumblers [PAR] Idea for 35th Anniversary Gifts [PAR] Happy Anniversary Champagne Flutes [PAR] Idea for 35th Anniversary Gifts [PAR] 35th Anniversary or Birthday gifts CD & DVD ~ Revisit the Music & News of 1982 [PAR] Gift Idea Kitchen & Housewares [PAR] LUCKY SIXPENCE FOR 35TH CORAL WEDDING ANNIVERSARY [PAR] Gift Idea Home & Garden [PAR] Oi! Coral & Pearl Necklace 44-46cm Oi! Coral & Pearl Earring 3cm Sterling Silver [PAR] Gift Idea Jewelry [PAR] Lola Rose Penny Coral Quartzite Necklace [PAR] Gift Idea Jewelry [PAR] Lola Rose Annalise Coral Quartzite Bracelet [PAR] Gift Idea Home & Garden [PAR] Papaver orientale Coral Reef / Oriental poppy Seeds [PAR] Gift Idea Shoes [PAR] Grendha Women\'s Jasmine Coral Open Toe Flat 80533 4 UK [PAR] Gift Idea Jewelry [PAR] Sterling Silver Sponge Coral Kaela Drop Earrings [PAR] Gift Idea Jewelry [PAR] Red Coral & 925 Sterling Silver Studs Earrings [PAR] Gift Idea Jewelry [PAR] Red Coral & 925 Sterling Silver Pendant [PAR] Gift Idea Jewelry [PAR] Sterling Silver Red Genuine Sea Bamboo'}, 'question': {'"Which wedding anniversary is ""coral""?"'}}

['35th']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] coomb - WordReference.com Dictionary of Englishcoomb - WordReference.com Dictionary of English [PAR] coomb [PAR] WordReference Random House Unabridged Dictionary of American English © 2017 [PAR] coomb1\xa0 (ko̅o̅m, kōm),USA pronunciation\xa0n.\xa0 [PAR] British Termscombe. [PAR] Collins Concise English Dictionary © HarperCollins Publishers:: [PAR] coomb, combe, coombe, comb /kuːm/ n [PAR] chiefly Southern English a short valley or deep hollow, esp in chalk areas [PAR] chiefly Northern English [PAR] another name for cirque [PAR] Etymology: Old English cumb (in place names), probably of Celtic origin; compare Old French combe small valley and Welsh cwm valley [PAR] \'coomb\' also found in these entries: [PAR] Forum discussions with the word(s) "coomb" in the title: [PAR] No titles with the word(s) "coomb".[DOC] [TLE] Coomb | Define Coomb at Dictionary.comCoomb | Define Coomb at Dictionary.com [PAR] coomb [PAR] (mainly Southern English) a short valley or deep hollow, esp in chalk areas [PAR] 2. [PAR] (mainly Northern English) another name for cirque [PAR] Word Origin [PAR] Old English cumb (in place names), probably of Celtic origin; compare Old French combe small valley and Welsh cwm valley [PAR] combe [PAR] noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] (dialect, mainly Scot & Northern English) waste material, such as dust from coal, grease from axles, etc [PAR] Word Origin [PAR] C16 (meaning: soot): probably a variant of culm1 [PAR] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [PAR] © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins [PAR] Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 [PAR] Word Origin and History for coomb [PAR] Expand [PAR] n. [PAR] also combe, "deep hollow or valley, especially on flank of a hill," mainly surviving in place names, from Old English cumb, probably a British word, from Celtic base *kumbos (cf. Welsh cwm in same sense). Cambridge Dictionary of English Place-Names says, "This is usually taken to be a Celtic loan ... but there was also OE cumb \'vessel, cup, bowl,\'" which was "probably used in a transferred topographical sense reinforced in western districts by cwm." [PAR] Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper[DOC] [TLE] What does coomb mean? - Definitions.netWhat does coomb mean? [PAR] This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word coomb [PAR] Wiktionary(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: [PAR] coomb(Noun) [PAR] An old English measure of corn (e.g., wheat), equal to half a quarter or 4 bushels. Also comb. [PAR] Origin: Anglo-Saxon cumb a liquid measure, perhaps from cumba boat, tomb of stone, from hollow of a vessel, cup, boat, but compare Kumpf bowl. [PAR] Webster Dictionary(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: [PAR] Coomb(noun) [PAR] a dry measure of four bushels, or half a quarter [PAR] Coomb(noun) [PAR] alt. of Coombe [PAR] Origin: [AS. cumb a liquid measure, perh. from LL. cumba boat, tomb of stone, fr. Gr. hollow of a vessel, cup, boat, but cf. G. kumpf bowl.] [PAR] Freebase(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: [PAR] Coomb [PAR] A coomb is a measure of volume. Its exact original details are not known. In 13th century England it was defined as 4 bushels. It was in use in Norfolk until the 1790s or later, as a dry measure: "Ben sold my Wheat to the Marlingford Miller this Morning for 19 shillings per Coomb" - Parson Woodforde\'s Diary, May 20, 1786. The 4-bushel bag was the standard international shipping unit for grain, and the coomb was in common use in farming in Suffolk until well after the end of World War II, in fact for as long as grain was handled in sacks, a practice which ended with the introduction of combine harvesters which had bulk grain tanks. Yields were referred to in coombs per acre. A coomb was 16 stones, or 2 hundredweights. The U.S grain markets quote prices as cents per bushel, and a US bushel of grain is about 61 lbs, which would approximately correspond to the 4 bushel coomb, 4 x 61'}, 'question': {'"What is the meaning of the old English word ""coomb""?"'}}

['valley']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] BBC - Languages - Hindi - A Guide to Hindi - The Hindi ...BBC - Languages - Hindi - A Guide to Hindi - The Hindi alphabet [PAR] A Guide to Hindi [PAR] What's the Hindi alphabet like? [PAR] Here's the alphabet and how to pronounce it. [PAR] Download mp3 - right click and choose 'save target as' [PAR] What is significant about the Hindi alphabet? [PAR] Modern Hindi is written in Devanagari script, which is made of two Sanskrit words: Deva, meaning ‘God’ and Nagari, meaning ‘of urban origin’. Devanagari has its origin in Brahmi script. Writings in Brahmi script from across the Indian subcontinent date back to the 5th century BC. More than ten Indian languages have evolved from Brahmi. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Vowels and consonants [PAR] The standard Hindi alphabet, as agreed by the Government of India, has 11 vowels and 35 consonants. However, the traditional Hindi alphabet is considered to be made of 13 vowels and 33 consonants. The letters अं [am] and अः [ah] are counted as vowels in traditional Hindi and as consonants in standard Hindi. It also includes two letters ड़ [rr] and ढ़ [rh] which are counted as consonants in the standard official Hindi alphabet. [PAR] In popular and traditional teachings, three extra consonants are used. They are called conjuncts and are a combination of two consonants. This happens when successive consonants with no vowel between them physically join together, for example: क्ष [ksh] is a combination of क and ष, [k] and [sh] [PAR] त्र [tr] is a combination of त and र, [t] and [r] [PAR] ज्ञ [jna] or [gya] is a combination of ज and ञ, [j] and [n] [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Special characters [PAR] In some words, written vowels change their form in order to join up with consonants. [PAR] - With ‘aa’: ा - का [kaa] is a combination of क + आ (k + aa). The characterा is added to the right. [PAR] - With ‘i’: ि – कि [ki] is a combination of क + इ (k + i). The character ि is added to the left and above. [PAR] - With ‘ee’:ी – की [kee] is a combination of क+ ई (k + ee). The character ी is added to the right and above. [PAR] - With ‘u’: ु – कु [ku] is a combination of क + उ (k + u). The character ु is added below. [PAR] - With ‘oo’: ू - कू [koo] is a combination of क + ऊ (k + oo). The character ू is added below. [PAR] - With ‘ae’: े – के [kae] is a combination of क + ए (k + ae). The character े is added above. [PAR] - With ‘aae’: ै – कै [kaae] is a combination of क + ऐ (k + aae). The character ै is added above. [PAR] - With ‘o’: ो – को [ko] is a combination of क + ओ (k + o). The character ो is added to the right and above. [PAR] - With ‘au’: ौ – कौ [kau] is a combination of क+ औ (k + au). The character ौ is added to the right and above. [PAR] - With ‘ri’: ृ – कृ [kri] is a combination of क +ऋ (k + ri). The character ृ is added below. [PAR] For example, BBC is a combination of three vowels and three consonants in Hindi: [PAR] ब [b]+ ई [ee] - ब [b]+ ई [ee] - स [c]+ ई [ee] [PAR] So, instead of writing it बईबईसई, BBC would be written as बीबीसी, using the character ी. [PAR] Similarly, the word radio would be a combination of three sets of vowels and consonants, for example: [PAR] र [r] + ए ["}, 'question': {'"In the alphabet, how many consonants are there between the letters ""I"" and ""U""?"'}}

['ten']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Facts about the River Rhine - Primary Homework HelpFacts about the River Rhine [PAR] Mouth [PAR] Rotterdam into the North Sea [PAR] The Rhine begins as a small stream in the Swiss Alps but soon gathers speed and volume on its way to Lake Constance, a source of drinking water for large parts of southern Germany. As it continues on its way to the North sea, the Rhine flows over the famous Rhine Falls at Schaffhausen and through the industrial town of Basel. There it becomes is a major transport route through Europe; transporting goods and raw materials by ship. It is now a wide river. [PAR] As the Rhine enters Germany it becomes the border between Germany and France. Through the Rhine Gourge the landscape changes again as the river narrows to form a steep sided-valley filled with vineyards and castles overlooking the river. Finally the Rhine reaches the Netherlands , a completely flat country, where it joins several other rivers on its final journey to Rotterdam and the sea. [PAR] Did you know? [PAR] The River Rhine is called different names depending on the country it flows through. It is called Rhein in Germany; Rhine in France and Rijn in Netherlands. [PAR] Pollution [PAR] Many years ago, the Rhine was considered as one of the most polluted rivers in Europe. In 1986 the river was severely polluted by a chemical factory fire ( Chemical spill turns Rhine Red - BBC News 1986 ). Within 10 days the pollution had travelled the length of the Rhine and into the North Sea. [PAR] After the Chemical spill in 1986 the Rhine Action Programme (RAP) was developed, and adopted by all the countries bordering the Rhine. By the year 2000, the programme aims to achieve a return to the river species such as the salmon which once thrived there. The use of the river for extracting drinking water is also safeguarded.[DOC] [TLE] The Rhine Cycle Route: from source to sea - Cicerone BlogThe Rhine Cycle Route: from source to sea - Cicerone Blog [PAR] Cicerone Blog [PAR] The Rhine Cycle Route: from source to sea [PAR] 27 Apr , 2015 \xa0 [PAR] The Rhine Cycle Route , passing through six countries, is a delightful journey and one that continues to inspire Mike Wells , author of the Cicerone Press guidebook . In this blog post,\xa0 Mike Wells explains a little about the route and the river itself. [PAR] The Rhine Cycle Route passes through six countries [PAR] The great attraction of following a river from source to sea is that it is downhill all the way (well, almost all the way – our route does occasionally climb a little for spectacular views down into the valley). From the summit of Oberalppass (which can be reached by cycle-friendly train), near the source of the river at Lai da Tuma, the\xa0 Rhine Cycle Route descends 2046m to the North Sea at Hoek van Holland (Hook of Holland), 1378km distant. The cycling is straightforward, with much of the route following well-surfaced cycle tracks, often along the riverbank or flood dykes. On those occasions where roads are used, these are usually quiet country routes with dedicated cycle lanes. All the countries it passes through are highly cycle-friendly, and motorists will generally give you plenty of room. This route is suitable both for experienced long-distance cyclists and those who have done only a little cycle touring and wish to attempt something more adventurous. [PAR] The\xa0 Rhine Cycle Route mostly follows Swiss, German, French and Dutch national cycle trails, with a high standard of waymarking throughout. This guide breaks the route into 27 stages, averaging just over 50km per stage. A fit cyclist, covering two stages per day, should be able to complete the trip in two weeks. A more leisurely 80km per day would allow some sightseeing and you would still complete the journey in 17 days. You can break the journey at almost any point as there are many places to stay along the way. These are suitable for all budgets, varying from 35 Hostelling International youth hostels (and many backpacker hostels) to B&Bs, guesthouses and hotels. If you do not mind the extra weight of camping gear, there are many official campsites. [PAR] Cycling'}, 'question': {'Which river flows through six countries before reaching the sea at Rotterdam?'}}

['rhine' 'river rhine']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Toru Iwatani - around 1980 - PAC-MAN Museumpacmanmuseum.com - Pac-Man Creator Toru Iwatani Biography [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Pac-Man Creator Toru Iwatani Biography [PAR] Toru Iwatani (born January 25, 1955) is a Japanese video game designer and created one of the most popular arcade games of all time, Pac-Man. Iwatani was born in the Meguro ward of Tokyo, Japan. In 1977, at the age of 22, Iwatani joined Namco Ltd, a computer software company in Tokyo that produces video games. Game designer Toru Iwatani is totally self-taught, without any formal training in computers, visual arts, or graphic design. [PAR] Namco Limited, whose main product lines at the time were projection-based amusement rides and light gun shooting galleries. Iwatani had expected that his job would involve working on pinball machines, and was initially disappointed that he would instead have to work on these strange, clinical \'video-games\' instead. By way of compromise, Gee Bee (1978) was a heavily pinball-inspired paddle game, as were his next two designs (presumably developed by modifying Gee Bee), Bomb Bee and Cutie Q (both 1979). [PAR] Iwatani wished to create a game that would target women and couples; his goal was for game centers to shed their somewhat sinister image for a lighter atmosphere, and he believed that the key to doing that was to get girls to come in. [PAR] Toru Iwatani - around 1980 [PAR] Programmers at Work [PAR] The legend tells that Iwatani\'s eureka moment came when he removed a slice of pizza from a pie, creating the visual inspiration for his next big thing. It was in this moment that, according to Iwatani, Pac-Man was officially born. Now that he had the look, he needed that special something to attract his target audience. After listening to girls talk to one another, Iwatani determined that food and eating would be the way to get the girls in the arcade halls. [PAR] He came up with the idea for "Puck-Man" and around 1978, he, along with Shigeo Funaki (programmer), Toshio Kai (sound and music), a hardware engineer and a cabinet designer produced the game, taking it from concept to finished product. Within 18 months, Iwatani and his team created a game that would change the games world. After many experiments, he came up with Pac-Man chomping his way through food placed around a maze, and being chased by ghosts. The four ghosts - Blinky, Pinky, Inky and Clyde, as they were known outside Japan - were based on Obake no Q-Taro, a famous cartoon ghost. [PAR] But bat-and-ball games were already on the way out, and Taito\'s introduction of Space Invaders in 1979 began an industry-wide shift towards shoot-\'em-up games (indeed, Namco were quick to stake their claim in this territory with the Galaxian/Galaga series). Observing that there was too little variety to prevent this schmup-craze from eventually going the same way as the paddle games, Iwatani wanted to try to take his next game in another direction. He wanted to make a game that did not focus on conflict, and would be appealing to male and female audiences. The underlying theme he chose for his new game was \'eating\' and the result was Puckman, later to be renamed Pac-Man. [PAR] "Puck-Man" was released to the Japanese public on May 22, 1980 [PAR] where it became a huge success. It caught the attention of arcade-game manufacturer Midway, who bought the United States rights for the game and released the game in the U.S. as "Pac-Man", for fear that kids may deface a Puck-Man cabinet by changing the \'P\' to an \'F\'. Due to its innovative concept and continuing international popularity, it is regarded as one of the all-time classic video games. [PAR] Iwatani went on to create a few other video games, including Ridge Racer, Time Crisis and Libble Rabble, but none of them reached the amount of success that Pac-Man'}, 'question': {'What computer game was invented by Toru Iwatani, first released in Japan in May 1980?'}}

['pac man' 'puckman' 'paku paku']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Bismuth: A Gentleman Among Scoundrels - Slate MagazineEach one has a story. [PAR] Aug. 4 2010 7:29 AM [PAR] Blogging the Periodic Table [PAR] By Sam Kean [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Bismuth sits in a funny spot on the periodic table, at the turning point of what I call "poisoner\'s corridor." It cleaves the periodic table\xa0into two sets of dangerous elements. To the left of and above bismuth sit the conventional, retching-and-deep-pain poisons familiar to mystery buffs and EPA officials—the likes of arsenic, lead, and mercury. Especially deadly is the element two doors down from bismuth, Element 81, thallium. It\'s sometimes called the "poisoner\'s poison," the poison used by people who get an almost aesthetic pleasure from using chemistry to kill. [PAR] The notorious British serial killer Graham Frederick Young got his start by poisoning his family and friends with bismuth\'s neighbor to the north, antimony , but by the time he was in his midteens, Young had graduated to lacing meals and tea with thallium. Thallium does its dastardly work, in part,\xa0by unstitching the bonds that hold proteins together, and it does so quickly and efficiently. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Saddam Hussein employed thallium, too. In fact, two children of Iraqi fighter pilots died in early 2008 after eating a birthday cake laced with thallium, presumably poisoned (though no one knows for sure) by former Baath Party members. Russian soldiers working at an old Cold War weapons depot in 1994 found a canister of white powder laced with this element. Despite not knowing what it was, they powdered their feet with it and blended it with their tobacco. A few reportedly even snorted it. [PAR] On the other side of bismuth begins a new type of poison in poisoner\'s corridor—the scorching radioactive poisons. The most notable examples here are radon and (if you think about the periodic table wrapping around and continuing on the far left side) radium , which have each killed scores of people. The radioactive element right next to bismuth, polonium, has killed far fewer. But what polonium lacks in numbers it makes up for in infamy. [PAR] Polonium is frankly pretty useless, and no country in the world except Russia bothered to refine it by the late 2000s. That\'s why it was awfully suspicious when an ex-KGB official named Alexander Litvinenko died of polonium poisoning in late 2006. The story started when Litvinenko—who became a writer after leaving the KGB and accused the Kremlin of ordering people\'s executions—ate lunch at a sushi restaurant one day in London and began to feel ill. [PAR] At the hospital, doctors assumed he\'d been given a lethal dose of thallium. This was partly because the symptoms matched thallium poisoning (including losing his hair, even his eyebrows). But also because no one thought to search for polonium—toxicologists had simply never heard of anyone using it as a murder weapon. But after Litvinenko\'s death, the autopsy revealed staggeringly high levels of Element 84. The polonium hit remains a one-off crime so far but has already taken its place as one of the most notorious murders in the annals of the periodic table. [PAR] And finally, what of bismuth itself, the turning point of poisoner\'s corridor? Is it a retching-and-deep-pain poison or a newfangled nuclear one—possibly both? Actually, it\'s neither. Despite the disreputable company it keeps, bismuth is harmless. In fact, it\'s medicinal: Doctors prescribe it to soothe ulcers, and it\'s the "bis" in hot-pink Pepto-Bismol. Overall, it seems like the most out-of-place element on the periodic table, a gentleman among scoundrels.[DOC] [TLE] Chemical elementA chemical element or element is a species of atoms having the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei (i.e. the same atomic number, Z). There are 118 elements that have been identified, of which the first 94 occur naturally on Earth with the remaining 24 being synthetic elements. There are 80 elements that have at least one stable isotope and 38 that have exclusively radioactive isotopes, which decay over time'}, 'question': {'Which poison is also an element on the periodic table?'}}

['arsenic']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Epiphany - Time and Date ASEpiphany [PAR] Home \xa0 Calendar \xa0 Holidays \xa0 Epiphany [PAR] Epiphany [PAR] Many Christians around the world annually celebrate Epiphany on January 6. It is a public holiday in many countries and marks two events in Jesus Christ’s life, according to the Christian Bible. The first event was when the three wise men, or kings, visited infant Jesus. The second event was when St John the Baptist baptized Jesus. [PAR] The three wise men's (or kings') visit to baby Jesus Christ is remembered on Epiphany. [PAR] The three wise men's (or kings') visit to baby Jesus Christ is remembered on Epiphany. [PAR] ©iStockphoto.com/kim258 [PAR] Celebrate Epiphany [PAR] January 6, which is 12 days after Christmas in the Gregorian calendar, marks not only the end of the Christmas holidays but also the start of the Carnival season, which climaxes with Mardi Gras. In some European countries, such as the Czech Republic and Slovakia, children dress as the three kings and visit houses. In their roles as the kings, or wise men, they sing about the Jesus’ birth and pay homage to the “king of kings”. They are rewarded with praise and cookies. [PAR] Dia de los Reyes Magos is the Latin American celebration of Epiphany. In many Latin American countries, it is the three wise men and not Santa Claus who bring gifts for children. Children write letters to the wise men telling them how good they were and what gifts they want. In France Le Jour des Rois (the Day of Kings), sometimes called the Fête des Rois, is celebrated with parties for children and adults. The galette des rois, or “cake of kings”, highlights these celebrations. This cake is round and flat, cut into the pantry, covered with a white napkin and carried into a dining room. [PAR] Children in Spain fill their shoes with straw or grain for the three kings’ horses to eat and place them on balconies or by the front door on Epiphany Eve. The next day they find cookies, sweets or gifts in their place. The “three kings” make an entry in many cities in Spain on Epiphany Eve, accompanied by military bands and drummers in medieval dress. [PAR] What's Open or Closed? [PAR] Epiphany is a public holiday in countries such as Austria, Colombia, Croatia, Cyprus, Poland, Ethiopia (but on different date that varies annually), parts of Germany, Greece, Italy, Slovakia, Spain, and Uruguay. It is not a public holiday in Australia , Canada , the United Kingdom and the United States (except the US Virgin Islands where it is a public holiday). [PAR] About Epiphany [PAR] Epiphany is commonly known as Three Kings’ Day or the Feast of the Epiphany. It means “manifestation” or “showing forth”. It is also called Theophany (“manifestation of God”), especially by Eastern Christians. Epiphany refers not only to the day itself but to the church season that follows it – a season that has a varied length because it ends when Lent begins, and this depends on the date of Easter. [PAR] It commemorates the first two occasions on which Jesus’ divinity, according to Christian belief, was manifested: when the three kings (also known as wise men or Magi) visited infant Jesus in Bethlehem, and when John the Baptist baptized him in the River Jordan. The Roman Catholic and Protestant churches emphasize the visit of the Magi when they celebrate the Epiphany. The Eastern Orthodox churches focus on Jesus’ baptism. [PAR] Epiphany is one of the oldest Christian feasts. It was celebrated since the end of the second century, before the Christmas holiday was established. Like other Christian seasons, the church appropriated Epiphany from an old pagan festival. As early as 1996 BCE, the Egyptians celebrated the winter solstice (which then occurred on January 6) with a tribute to Aeon, the Virgin. It is important to note that the holiday was established prior to the Gregorian calendar’s introduction. [PAR] Symbols [PAR] Various paintings, artworks and sketches show the three wise men and Jesus. Some paintings artworks show the three wise men"}, 'question': {'What Christian festival commemorates the coming of the Three Wise Men to Bethlehem?'}}

['epiphany']