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10.1787/9789264301085-4-en | 021966ba030a5a622724fb44690cbc26 | Data refer to the working-age population (18-65). See Annex 2.A1 for details on the data sources. Several country patterns emerge, suggesting different challenges to address for policies. Norway, Germany, Austria, the United States and Ireland combine high sticky ceilings at the top of the income distribution with average levels of mobility at the bottom compared to other countries. | 10 | 9SDG 10
| 3 | 6 | 0.333333 |
10.1787/9789264281707-6-en | 021a8fa71b05d570bfe1551283f30819 | All policies and plans that the Israeli Water Authority or any other Ministry proposes must be presented to the Water Authority Council Forum for approval before they can be passed. The efficiency of the Water Authority Council is contingent upon two criteria - creating equal representation of all interested groups, and ensuring that effective and timely decision-making is their priority . This unifies the responsibility for decision-making on national water and wastewater management and has substantially improved the efficiency and timing of decision-making. | 6 | 5SDG 6
| 1 | 8 | 0.777778 |
10.5204/IJCJSD.V6I4.429 | 021be17c5cce6cc9e868a4fbe0debbb8 | Sometimes secrecy in law is required to protect vulnerable witnesses or suppress sensitive evidence. However, particularly since the terror attacks of 11 September 2001, governments in liberal democratic societies have increased secrecy and the use of clandestine procedures under the pretext of safeguarding national security. In many instances, these developments have eroded civil liberties, infringed upon constitutional guarantees, and had negative effects on due process rights. In Australia, where individual rights and freedoms have only limited constitutional expression, it is hoped the doctrine of representative and responsible government will act as sufficient protection for human rights. Conversely, drawing on examples ranging from the regulation of immigration to the control of serious organised crime, this article proposes that escalating secrecy in the current era has a corrupting effect on democratic principles and the rule of law. | 16 | 15SDG 16
| 1 | 5 | 0.666667 |
10.1787/9789264213944-8-en | 021c2a899166eb5203c2e694f248d774 | Small Business and Human Development, available online at http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/national/arabstates/jordan/Jordan_NHDR_2011 .pdf. Maastricht School of Management, Working Paper No. Available online at: http://www.g20.org/load/781680452. Unemployed persons cannot be attributed to particular sectors, therefore, unlike the labour force, the work force does not include any unemployed persons. | 5 | 4SDG 5
| 8 | 1 | 0.777778 |
10.18356/b9c917b5-en | 021cd4ff5d2e94fe29bc1e51ea5be381 | Finally, there are hundreds of millions of migrant farmers constantly moving around the country seeking jobs. As a result, even the high rate of growth in China, if not accompanied by structural and other changes ensuring more job creation, cannot meet the pressure for jobs. For example, in 2003, with a 9.1 per cent aggregate GDP growth rate, 8 million jobs were created, but even this was inadequate given the continuously growing “backlog” of labour force increases and reduced demand for labour in many traditional activities including agriculture. | 1 | 0SDG 1
| 2 | 7 | 0.555556 |
10.1787/9789264272637-5-en | 021ce46067eaee1238a7a52896986b1e | It has therefore been suggested that cultivating alternative sources of transport financing should be a priority. The periods on the xaxis correspond to the seven 5-year economic development plans, which were first launched in 1962 and terminated in 1997. However, more recently, the share of its total public investment devoted to transport infrastructure decreased from 8.2% to 6.6% between 2006 and 2015. Railways - and especially high-speed railways - have also gradually surfaced back as an alternative response to car-centred development and to the side effects of the latter, such as congestion and environmental degradation.4 The high-speed Korea Train eXpress (KTX), first inaugurated in 2004, handled 42.3% of total rail traffic in 2010. | 11 | 10SDG 11
| 0 | 4 | 1 |
10.18356/65d65044-en | 021d2de2bf0a66809ef21a193a8cda62 | These unsustainable patterns add to poverty and inequality today, especially for the third of the world's population directly dependent on natural resources for their well-being, and create deep threats for future generations (UnmuBig, Sachs and Fatheuer, 2012). The causes and underlying drivers of unsustainability and of gender inequality are deeply interlocked. Both are produced by development models that support particular types of underregulated market-led growth and the persistence of unequal power relations between women and men (Wichterich, 2012). | 5 | 4SDG 5
| 1 | 8 | 0.777778 |
10.1787/saeo-2011-9-en | 021efae49d7667d5f1adbc4343428ce1 | It would not have happened had the same government, in power for over four decades, not taken a total approach on the long-term consequences of its economic and environmental policies. This shift has occurred in response to rising labour costs as well as government policies to encourage C02 reduction. Since 2007, the government has continued its efforts to curb C02 emissions. | 7 | 6SDG 7
| 0 | 3 | 1 |
10.18356/73d010ed-en | 0220254005fe506158144eba80569c40 | Country-specific variables are also included, however, so that individual effects can be detected. This effect remains and grows stronger over the medium term, since the lagged feminization variable for one period has an effect equivalent to 7.7% on the growth rate. This is considered to be a robust result given the stability of both the coefficient and the standard error in all three specifications. This provides a partial confirmation of the hypothesis that, in the presence of a pre-existing gap in labour force participation, women's entry into the workforce can help fuel growth or a recovery if an economy is in a recession or when its existing capacity is being underutilized. | 5 | 4SDG 5
| 0 | 16 | 1 |
10.18356/b90ce3c6-en | 0220d35f86ce36b95216654740b9a7e1 | In addition, “the cumulative gap between the level of finance needed and finance actually delivered is growing” (Buchner and others, 2014, p. 5). The present study is not intended to provide a comprehensive overview, but instead report on key figures to provide a broad view of the current situation. Despite still lagging far below the levels needed to limit warming to two degrees Celsius,5 climate finance flows have increased when compared to the 2013 level of $331 billion. In 2013, climate finance flows were directed almost equally to developed (OECD) and developing (non-OECD) countries, with each group receiving $164 billion and $165 billion, respectively (Buchner and others, 2014). North-South flows accounted for $34 billion in 2012 (Buchner and others, 2014). Developing countries invested $2 billion in developed countries and $10 billion in South-South cooperation (Buchner and others, 2014). | 13 | 12SDG 13
| 0 | 9 | 1 |
10.18759/RDGF.V18I2.941 | 0221fcaef8678d43bd5128f9a9e7ab1b | The article deals with the implementation, as mandated y by the New Brazilian Civil Procedure Code, of a system of binding judicial precedents and the consequent need to adapt the collegiate voting procedures of the Federal Supreme Court and the others courts of our country so that the decisions generating precedents are the result of full collegial deliberation, with institutional recognition of the precedent. The models of collegiate decision seriatim , per curiam and majoritariam practice are analyzed, concluding that the latter is more appropriate to the Brazilian courts. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate that if the is not adapted to the aforementioned model, the deliberative procedure of the courts will result in inefficiency of this system of precedents. The method adopted is hypothetical-deductive, through a critical analysis of the need for improvement of the creation and respect of precedents. | 16 | 15SDG 16
| 1 | 5 | 0.666667 |
10.1080/17540291.2010.524993 | 02253899d4625b7a8d67098df4039677 | The proliferation of local forms of governance problematizes the well‐established and highly normative idea that power and democracy in Denmark are organized in terms of a ‘parliamentary chain of government’, according to which the sovereign people elect the parliament, which in turn controls the government that governs the public administration through bureaucratic control. Consecutive waves of devolution have decentralized the Danish welfare state, and the power of local governments is now being challenged by the emergence of new forms of local governance that involve a plethora of private stakeholders, such as business firms, interest organizations, community groups and individual citizens, in the formulation and implementation of public policy. This article argues that participation of private stakeholders in public policy‐making cannot be reduced to an inferior supplement to traditional forms of representative democracy. The supplement is taking its revenge as the interactive policy arenas are expand... | 16 | 15SDG 16
| 1 | 5 | 0.666667 |
10.1787/9789264303119-en | 0227f8587b8806d7d7e52c0b8f622c72 | In the United States, for instance, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) maintains the National Emissions Inventory (NEI), which contains estimates of emissions of 187 hazardous air pollutants, with information collected from state and local agencies down to the facility level (see EPA website: www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/2011inventory.html). The European Environment Agency (EEA) maintains the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR), which collects emissions data for 91 pollutants and also down to the facility level (http://prtr.ec.europa.eu/#/home). Other countries have similar emissions inventories, though there exists at present no global inventory for local air pollutants (Amann et al., It determined that the aggregated damage costs from the main air pollutants NH3, NOx, PM10, S02 and VOCs for the period 2008-2012 amounted to between EUR 40 to EUR 115 billion, depending on methodological conventions for the value of a statistical life. | 7 | 6SDG 7
| 2 | 7 | 0.555556 |
10.18356/fa8ae033-en | 022ab197fca89bc9fd99d63226dcba10 | According to the Court, the interpretation of these concepts in the future would be important to define the constitutionality of laws or executive actions related to the right to raise a family. See also UN CESCR 1999, para. See Ex parte Chairperson of the Constitutional Assembly: In re Certification of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 1996 (4) SA 744 (CC), 1996 (10) BCLR 1253 (CC), para. Rahim Dawood & others v Minister of Home Affairs & others 2000 (3) SA 936 para 34-37. | 5 | 4SDG 5
| 3 | 1 | 0.5 |
10.1163/18719732-12341294 | 022d51d8cf8204dcd7a629d7cb634248 | Historically, global water law has developed in fragments. The fragmented nature of water law mainly originates from the fact that water can be seen as an economic, ecological and social unit (horizontal fragmentation). Within the clusters that these units constitute, water law is also seen as fragmented, given that a particular cluster is composed of different levels (vertical fragmentation). This article will scrutinise the social justice cluster, or the right to water, and examine whether and to what extent vertical fragmentation in water law leads to divergent approaches among the different levels, while placing the discussion within the general context of fragmentation in international law. For that purpose the elaboration of the human right to water by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, functioning at the international level, will be compared with the practice of the European Court of Human Rights (ECTHR), a regional court. | 16 | 15SDG 16
| 2 | 4 | 0.333333 |
10.18356/051b4d3b-en | 022db29dd9f670b9edf94bf6c27b05f8 | There are also a number of other reasons - including supply and demand mismatch in the labour market, restrictive social norms, rigid labour market conditions and structural changes in the economy-that push women away from work. The percentage of these people among those in the labour force is defined as the unemployment rate. The overall unemployment rate remained static at 2.4 per cent in both 1999-2000 and 2004-2005 and marginally declined to 2.2 per cent during 2011-2012 primarily because of a reduction in the LFPRs of both women and men in the 15-24 age group. | 5 | 4SDG 5
| 1 | 8 | 0.777778 |
10.1787/5k3wb8kmckf4-en | 022f1e75bc8d2d8a369ea3e2772c6035 | The dashboard provides insights for policy conclusions on the Schonefelder Kreuz region's future activities in green growth. It also highlights implications relevant to other cross-border regions. The chapter concludes with overall findings for the report and policy recommendations based on these findings. As a part of this strategy, a monitoring framework was established to track how countries are progressing on their low-carbon transition. | 9 | 8SDG 9
| 4 | 3 | 0.142857 |
10.1080/13574809.2010.502344 | 0230c82f2ad9719b308ea604356b3085 | This paper examines how the decentralization of state power and, advent of mayoral elections in Bogota, Colombia, enabled municipal government, with the help of a cadre of professional planners and designers, to transform the city socially and physically by reinventing civil society and public space. Three contiguous mayoral administrations used public space as a setting and tool to reinvent a culture of citizenship as well as to demonstrate competency on behalf of the mayors. The mayors’ strategy was largely successful as Bogota has experienced a move from individualism to collective spirit, and citizens report improvements in civility, friendliness and quality of life. Much of the city's success derives from the vision of the mayors and the important role urban planners and designers provide in implementing that vision. By examining Bogota's transformation, it is possible to better understand how local politicians and planning and design administrators are key to that change. | 16 | 15SDG 16
| 1 | 4 | 0.6 |
10.1787/9789264089457-en | 0231e73eca1084f3621da6fbd9f569d3 | This will be the driving force behind a revitalisation of the low season and an improvement of the sector’s profitability and sustainability. Most local councils also require that all applications, in the form of layout plans accompanied by town planning reports, must be submitted by town planners. In Penang, several structural plans exist for the island and Seberang Perai. Since 2007, these have been replaced by a state-wide structure plan. | 4 | 3SDG 4
| 8 | 1 | 0.777778 |
10.1787/5kmh3nj5rzs4-en | 02323dd8419c07c2543c4bf55f9dec40 | Such numbers differ from International estimations such as those of the Asian Development Bank estimating that 41.6% of the population live below the poverty line of USD 1.25 (PPP) per day (Asian Development Bank, 2009). Thermal power accounted for 60% of total installed capacity with 96 794 MW, hydropower for 24.5% with 36 916 MW, nuclear power for 2.7% with 4120 MW and renewable energies for 8.8 % with 13 242 MW (Central Electricity Authority, 2009a). A smaller share of generating capacity is covered by independent power producers (IPP) and industrial auto-producers, which according to the MoP operate 13.5 %38 of all India's capacity (Table 18). | 7 | 6SDG 7
| 1 | 8 | 0.777778 |
10.18356/60375438-en | 0234e03ec32d3bf786dba4e07d47d9e5 | Income and property taxes, and taxes on luxury items, are generally more progressive than indirect taxes, such as value-added tax (VAT), which can also be made less regressive by exempting basic goods and services. It is most effective when women's rights advocates in grassroots and civil society organizations, think tanks and university departments can build strategic alliances with actors in political parties, state bureaucracies and regional and global institutions. This work demands judgment, skill, agility and persistence on the part of advocates, as well as access to information, policy debates and decision-making processes. | 5 | 4SDG 5
| 1 | 4 | 0.6 |
10.4337/9780857933072.00009 | 02357fc6c8ea8653e81921de5c4ddc20 | Trade secret law is state law. For most of its history it was also common law. However, trade secret law was dramatically transformed by the Uniform Trade Secrets Act, which has been enacted in forty-seven states. Although now statutory law, the law of trade secrets retains the basic character of its common law roots, often relying without significant elaboration on concepts developed through common law adjudication. Harvey Perlman and I were the Reporters for the American Law Institute’s Restatement (Third) of Unfair Competition, which includes an analysis of trade secret law applicable to actions under the Uniform Act. The trade secret sections of the Restatement do not of course substitute for the statutory text, but they can be helpful aids in interpreting the statute. This article examines the changes in trade secret law made by the Uniform Act as analyzed in the Restatement (Third) of Unfair Competition. | 16 | 15SDG 16
| 2 | 3 | 0.2 |
10.1787/5js65xnk52kc-en | 0235ac355e178905937d31e23f8de74a | It is difficult to generalise about the suitability of any particular combination of funding mechanisms, and the ways in which these might change over time as new potential investors may take over once the construction phase has taken place. Every potential investment is different and requires a different combination of funding. Two other factors stand out as being essential components for effective implementation of PPPs, namely the presence of a benign regulatory system and a positive governance environment. | 9 | 8SDG 9
| 5 | 4 | 0.111111 |
10.1787/5js1qwkz2p9s-en | 0237c6a8fe1efe869ec0890b28511acb | A number of lower-income economies among OECD and Key Partner countries have lower levels of alcohol consumption (e.g. Indonesia, India, Turkey, China and Mexico, see Figure 1). Although no statistical relationship can be established, this may suggest that emerging economies might experiment higher levels of consumption as their revenue increases. To better understand the drivers of the level of alcohol consumption over time, extensions for further analysis could explore the effects of macro-level factors, including economic as well as environmental indicators. Social patterns of drinking tend to differ across countries, as they are largely the result of cultural and environmental influences, and of government policies in place in the countries concerned. | 3 | 2SDG 3
| 4 | 5 | 0.111111 |
10.14217/9781848599451-9-en | 0239e5059c074578cf4acd2f5985d33a | Disparities in regards to entrepreneurship also persist, with only 19 per cent of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) run by women (WBC 2013a). Throughout all sectors of the UK economy, women’s economic activity remains hindered and their potential untapped. Evidence demonstrates that the economy would greatly benefit by increasing gender equality throughout the workplace. | 5 | 4SDG 5
| 0 | 9 | 1 |
10.18356/fb3022f3-en | 023b9e3da6421829896d571293fc23fa | Forest composition (in 2009) is shown in table 9.1. Romania did not report on net annual increment of forest available for wood supply for 2010, but did report that fellings on forest available for wood supply in 2010 amounted to 17,232,000 m3. According to the General Directorate for Forests, forest area is growing through natural regeneration by leaving some areas to grow while others are cut, and total forest area coverage was actually 6,350,000 ha. | 15 | 14SDG 15
| 1 | 2 | 0.333333 |
10.18356/04b2e7d9-en | 023c348fde134332f25127f5e9c9e26a | It aims to ensure mutually beneficial regional electricity security and sustainability by connecting countries with surplus power generation capacity to those that face a deficit. Within this initiative, the primary scope for cooperation is infrastructure (physical connectivity across borders, integrated energy market) and technical (public-private partnerships for financing and technology transfer). In this regard, the priority project of ASEAN is the LTMS'l-Power Integration Project. | 7 | 6SDG 7
| 1 | 2 | 0.333333 |
10.1787/9789264262782-5-en | 023f817dce88c4b108f1a74de4662de5 | Emergency services need to provide care even if annual quotas for specific services are already filled, for example, so the number of such cases can provide some indication of whether quotas are appropriately set. The origin and ultimate destination of patients can also provide an indication of whether capacity in various levels of care is adequate, both in terms of access and quality of care. In 2013, there were 3.1 practicing doctors per 1 000 population, close to the OECD average of 3.2, and a slight increase from 2000 when there were 2.9 practicing doctors per 1 000 population in Latvia. | 3 | 2SDG 3
| 0 | 3 | 1 |
10.18356/f52a4548-en | 02409e8b7b2ec12d3efd25598d541f7e | It highlights the benefits and challenges of four approaches, namely cap and trade, special taxes, ecological budget and tax reforms and removal of subsidies. It highlights the benefits and challenges for each of the approaches and discusses opportunities for their use in developing and transition economies. This suggests that resource efficiency should become a priority of national governments’ policy planning and should also play a major role in strategies in the private sector. | 12 | 11SDG 12
| 2 | 7 | 0.555556 |
10.18356/6f7c638a-en | 02422872f8f4062ad64cc1646e07ad93 | Just as the feminist movement's slogan "the personal is political" drew attention to the fact that domestic issues require public policies, advances in the region show that, now. It is essential to develop and implement public policies on the redistribution of time and work to foster gender equality and sustainable development (ECLAC, 2016a). Significant measures have been taken to address each of these commitments, especially over the past 10 years: developing time-use measurement tools, quantifying unpaid domestic work and unpaid care work, and promoting satellite accounts that allow the value of this type of work to be included in national accounts. Time-use data analyses have been very useful in the development of public policies targeting the recognition and redistribution of unpaid work, which represent one of the main determining factors of inequality between men and women in the region, even more so when other determinants of time distribution are taken into account, such as a person's place of residence, ethnicity, race and age, from an intersectional perspective. | 5 | 4SDG 5
| 1 | 8 | 0.777778 |
10.18356/9b4421ad-en | 0243aabf0bbdb7597808b7d537216b29 | Pessar and Mahler 2003, Kunz 2011. See, for example, the case of Morocco-ltaly (Salih 2001). The National Population Census 2011 shows that about 13 per cent of the absentee population is composed of women, almost 3 fold increase in absolute number since the 2001 census. Many of these violations are linked to the kafala (sponsorship) system, which requires workers to have a sponsor - usually the employer herself-who is responsible for their visa and legal status and hence ‘owns’the employee, since (s)he is not allowed to change workplace or employer. | 5 | 4SDG 5
| 2 | 7 | 0.555556 |
10.1177/0021909607074866 | 0243c466fff7fff7a22ffc856f14a14d | This article evaluates the first four years of decentralized local governance in Malawi with special focus on accountability of local assemblies. The article mainly relies on primary sources such as newspapers, governmental and non-governmental reports and a comparative literature survey. We argue that decentralized local governance in Malawi has enhanced corruption among the local assemblies in relation to their election, awarding of contracts and other related acts. This has consequently led to, inter alia, financial mess in local assemblies, loss of citizen and donor trust as well as low-quality infrastructures. Meanwhile, the democracy and good governance that were envisaged in the creation of local assemblies through the Local Government Act 1998 and the Malawian constitution have seriously been undermined. | 16 | 15SDG 16
| 1 | 8 | 0.777778 |
10.1787/9789264208292-10-en | 0243eeba7db349709adacedd168b8dc9 | However, they focus on risk related to natural disasters and do not adequately address risk associated with routine operation of chemical facilities. Moreover, they are overly reliant on the efforts of under-resourced regional and local authorities and the chemicals industry itself. There do not appear to be arrangements in place to deal with chemical accidents with a potential cross-border dimension. The national authorities should play a more active role in establishing an effective policy framework and in overseeing and providing guidance for subnational authorities’ activities in this area. | 12 | 11SDG 12
| 4 | 5 | 0.111111 |
10.1162/ISEC.2007.32.1.148 | 0244cff3488e0ee74fbf84b21d40a89e | Since the Asian financial crisis of 1998, regional scholars and diplomats have maintained that the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) represents an evolving economic and security community. In addition, many contend that what is known as the ASEAN process not only has transformed Southeast Asia's international relations, but has started to build a shared East Asian regional identity. ASEAN's deeper integration into a security, economic, and political community, as well as its extension into the ASEAN Plus Three processes that were begun after the 1997 financial crisis, offers a test case of the dominant assumptions in both ASEAN scholarship and liberal and idealist accounts of international relations theory. Three case studies of ASEAN operating as an economic and security community demonstrate, however, that the norms and practices that ASEAN promotes, rather than creating an integrated community, can only sustain a pattern of limited intergovernmental and bureaucratically rigid interaction. | 16 | 15SDG 16
| 1 | 5 | 0.666667 |
10.18356/150942f1-en | 02455067b13fd6adafffec08b3b35b10 | This approach may clearly overestimate initial hunger rates to the extent that it underestimates quantities actually consumed. Initial levels of hunger reported for Burkina Faso and Ghana should be then treated with caution, although the subsequent variations -which are our prime interest - should be less affected. The approach followed to simulate the impact of the crisis on hunger strictly refers to caloric intake and its changes over the simulated scenarios. | 1 | 0SDG 1
| 1 | 3 | 0.5 |
10.18356/0476b8f9-en | 024a0d5bad8f082e310ebcedd01e8e79 | This cadastre would help differentiate forest land from agricultural or other land uses. For example, protecting these forests against illegal logging and enforcement of other regulations is problematic when ownership boundaries are not clearly marked. Due to a constant effort of research and classification, varying numbers of species by taxonomic group and their status have been reported. Analyses of biodiversity richness for individual countries within the European continent rank the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia at the very top of the list of countries considered to be European “hotspots.” Forest communities dominate with more than 55 per cent of the land cover, followed by grass communities, lake and river vegetation communities, while swamp communities and temporal communities occupy the smallest areas. | 15 | 14SDG 15
| 1 | 8 | 0.777778 |
10.1787/5db444d4-en | 024a4943028d5bfeae3a54b8af14bed4 | Indeed, women remain disproportionally responsible for unpaid care work, with major potential to improve public, accessible and affordable child and/or elderly care (OECD, 2017[i)). Although women from diverse backgrounds are often at the losing end of structural gender inequality, the cultural norms and stereotypes are simultaneously creating problems for men and boys. In addition, new challenges arise, while presenting real opportunities for change, digitalisation, disruptive technologies and big data generate additional risks to expand the scale of persisting inequalities, and create new forms of divides. | 5 | 4SDG 5
| 0 | 5 | 1 |
10.1787/c69de229-en | 024fbfe797ad47453c67dbfab2211c19 | However, these child poverty data are available for fewer countries and for a shorter period of time than those based on the conventional floating poverty line (for most countries the 2005 “anchored” poverty rates are available from year 2005 onwards). For most countries, these data on trends in the anchored poverty rate have been available since 2005 or a year later, but some countries (Canada, France and the United Kingdom) have longer data series. Variations in anchored poverty rates are more heterogeneous across countries and for many countries larger than for the relative poverty rate (Figure 5). | 1 | 0SDG 1
| 0 | 9 | 1 |
10.1787/5jrxr7qx6ctb-en | 0252558166c27021265f2e45ecbe8502 | The focus of this group was on people suffering from mental health disorders with substance abuse comorbidity (while dementia, intellectual disability and substance abuse alone were excluded from the scope of the analysis). With 90 million euros of funding, the commission was given three years to “initiate and support project development at all levels (medical treatment, service improvement, housing projects, legislative and organisational improvements) and to propose measures needed in order to permanently raise the standard of mental health services.” Special attention was paid to improving the coordination between mental health and social services. | 3 | 2SDG 3
| 0 | 9 | 1 |
10.1787/9789264089457-en | 0252eadab7000008211653db55c6a6b8 | Numerous grant schemes have been directed to basic research and commercialisation of R&D but in a relatively piecemeal way. Competition between the 13 Malaysian states to attract research institutions and higher education campuses is intense. The scarcity of land in Penang and the high cost of it act as a barrier to investment. According to the NCER 2007 Blueprint a number of industrial estates and technology parks remain underutilised or unutilised. Overreliance on the techpush model is making knowledge transfer more difficult. A Penang Science Council, driven by industry, has been created to ensure that Penang can implement its strategy. | 4 | 3SDG 4
| 0 | 3 | 1 |
10.18352/IJCA.6 | 025438915107b36ce6eea7a82ac3dd8b | This study is an examination of a changing judiciary in an emerging democracy. As part of the conditions mandated for European Union (EU) accession, Romania has been urged to demonstrate movement toward greater rule of law (Romania, 2008). One way in which Romania has responded to this objective is through the creation of the Superior Council of the Magistracy (CSM), a judicial body separate from the executive branch. Additionally, changes are occurring to the Romanian judiciary as a result of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) power to remand cases that are inconsistent with the European Convention on Human Rights (Janis, 2000). This qualitative research involved an attitudinal study based on semi-structured interviews of members of the Romanian judiciary. This research is unique because, although many studies of the population's perception of corruption are available, this study involves the suggestions of members of the Romanian judiciary themselves. | 16 | 15SDG 16
| 1 | 6 | 0.714286 |
10.1787/09e92b30-en | 0254cfcba41405f693d885f88742d8ea | The number of GPs per capita is set to decrease temporarily below the current OECD average around 2025, due to their unfavourable age structure and historically tight restrictions on the number of medical students (Figure 14, Panels A and B, Drees, 2016b, Bachelet and Anguis, 2017). Indeed, households in poor neighbourhoods were only half as likely as the general population to have complementary insurance in 2012 (ONZUS, 2015), despite the CMU-C and ACS schemes, and this could have effectively limited their ability to afford extra billing (which moreover is forbidden for this category of patient). In addition, the CMU-C and ACS schemes limit physicians’ tariffs and exempt households from co-payments, and the outcomes of several discrimination tests indicate that households covered by CMU universal health coverage are frequently refused medical appointments, in particular by specialists who extra-bill (Baudis, 2014, Despres et al., France, like other OECD countries, does not limit physicians’ choice of location but provides incentives to locate in some areas (Ono et al., | 3 | 2SDG 3
| 2 | 1 | 0.333333 |
10.18356/af3bcc31-en | 0254efe3600439cb236b3d56723af6c4 | The Arctic regions of the United States (Alaska) and Canada (Northern Canada) have the highest levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) on earth. The toxic health-threatening substances are transported over long distances by rivers, oceans and air currents from warmer parts of the world to the colder polar regions. They also accumulate in the fatty tissue of seals and whales which traditionally play a key role in Arctic indigenous peoples' diet and can be passed directly to infants through maternal breast milk, causing disruption of the hormone and immune systems and affecting postnatal growth. Disease patterns among American Indians and Alaska Natives are strongly associated with the adverse consequences of poverty, limited access to health services, and cultural dislocation. Inadequate education, high rates of unemployment, discrimination, and cultural differences all contribute to unhealthy lifestyles and disparities in access to health care for many indigenous peoples. | 3 | 2SDG 3
| 1 | 8 | 0.777778 |
10.1504/IJPLAP.2017.10006648 | 02553f577d2f0a3c7253ff43dd6b7a74 | Maritime security is a major concern for Malaysia as a maritime nation. The crucial question nevertheless is whether there are adequate laws to deal with key maritime crimes that need effective law enforcement measures. The paper finds that no maritime offences are criminalised in the Penal Code, the principal criminal law of Malaysia and that there is neither an anti-piracy law nor any other special criminal law available in Malaysia to combat maritime crimes. A regretful failure to apply a more appropriate law to prosecute Somali pirates demonstrates well an urgent need in Malaysia for a law reform that can effectively combat maritime crimes. On the basis of an analysis of the laws of selected common law countries, the paper concludes with suggestions on proposed maritime crimes law to be recommended to the Government of Malaysia. | 16 | 15SDG 16
| 0 | 5 | 1 |
10.1787/9789264208469-8-en | 0256df126c8b23eaeb75c5f821e34b45 | For example, service integration in the Netherlands helped to bring down deaths from substance abuse. The experience of the Netherlands also gives some insights into treatment approaches for heroin use, including opioid and methadone treatment use (Box 4.4). Areas of focus are addiction to nicotine, alcohol, drugs, and sedatives and tranquilisers. | 3 | 2SDG 3
| 0 | 3 | 1 |
10.1787/9789264245174-7-en | 02579676203f96c0f00f3ae4cdcf53e8 | However, their implementation highlights an important shift from a policy focused on road management to one centred on multimodal access for the population. Several new instruments and institutions have yet to be created for some of the legal changes introduced recently. This section provides an overview of these instruments and institutions and their importance to different areas of mobility policy. The following section addresses the challenges that some of them face, while the section after it provides recommendations on how they can be developed effectively. | 11 | 10SDG 11
| 1 | 2 | 0.333333 |
10.3390/LAWS8040030 | 025b03eaf92d5790a8d945c932683fd9 | This article examines how international law in form of treaties deals with the intersection of the three concepts. Our hypothesis is that international law, in the form of treaties, has been reluctant to engage with national security when dealing with migration, leaving this to national law. Instead, the intersection of national security—most commonly in the form of concerns about terrorism and migration—takes place in political discourse, which acts as a passerelle for various types of state violence against people classified or suspected of being migrants. We examine this mechanism that we call an insecurity continuum driven by the politics of fear in a European context. This is a politics that takes place outside of international law but has the effect of limiting access by individuals to international law protections, particularly in the case of people who claim international protection against persecution or torture. | 16 | 15SDG 16
| 0 | 5 | 1 |
10.1787/5jlwvz85537c-en | 025d04afd3dd0ce68b1e4e515f515195 | The issue of low noise vehicles (i.e.: electric/hybrid cars) needs to be investigated further, not least as the use of electric scooters or electric vehicles for mobility impaired persons increases. It has to be decided how to adapt infrastructure so that these vehicles can be used under conditions of appropriate safety, both for the users, if they have to share space with cars, and for pedestrians and/or bicyclists, when they have to share the space with them. The international databases that contain crash data of several European countries do usually not include data on fatalities per means of transport per age-group. | 11 | 10SDG 11
| 0 | 9 | 1 |
10.1787/9789264285637-8-en | 025d0da24a98589175440d363b9f3901 | As specified in the General Education Law, school providers have the right to establish and implement an educational project (Proyecto Educativo Institucional, PEI) and to establish plans and programmes for their schools with the involvement of the school community (see Chapter 1). Schools are therefore typically responsible for decisions directly related to the implementation of the school project, such as class size (within the regulated minimum and maximum size), student grouping, support for students with learning difficulties, school leadership arrangements, and the use of school facilities. In addition, school providers may delegate further tasks and responsibilities to schools, while retaining the final overall responsibility for the operation of their schools. For example, schools may make suggestions for staffing decisions, but the school provider will take the final decision. | 4 | 3SDG 4
| 0 | 4 | 1 |
10.1787/9789264226319-7-en | 025e0f4846a00968491055d6655e086e | It provides a profile of upper secondary school teachers, focusing on demographic characteristics, and of the schools in which these teachers work, with particular emphasis on school background information, the composition of students at the school and human and material resources. The chapter also examines classroom characteristics, including class size and the composition of students, and concludes by taking a look at the profile of upper secondary school principals and of school leadership. It is of note, however, that in each of the participating countries and economies, at least 30% of the teachers are men. | 4 | 3SDG 4
| 1 | 8 | 0.777778 |
10.1787/9789264200524-4-en | 0261e4bfbdd7f0039b3a2d2de406fe00 | Activities under the Convention are supported by the UNECE Secretariat. In particular, the parties shall take all appropriate measures to ensure that transboundary waters are used in a reasonable and equitable way, to prevent, control and reduce pollution, to ensure that transboundary waters are used with the aim of ecologically sound and rational water management, and to ensure conservation and, where necessary, restoration of ecosystems. Helsinki Convention 1992 (cont.) | 6 | 5SDG 6
| 1 | 7 | 0.75 |
10.6027/9789289330244-7-en | 02624b220aab6836764c85301c575732 | Furthermore, the students in grades 9 and 10 have a mandatory project assignment that gives the students the opportunity to complete and present an interdisciplinary project. The project assignment is assessed in a written statement based on content, the working process and the presentation of the final work. The assessment of the project assignment can be indicated in the leaving certificate. | 4 | 3SDG 4
| 0 | 9 | 1 |
10.1787/9789264277335-7-en | 0263f2a43100ab64bf34421e81edc830 | Given the evidence that many students in Costa Rica start school w ith weak foundation skills, especially basic reading skills, the country might also consider bringing forward the primary assessment to an earlier grade, or adding an additional assessment in the early years of primary school. Gaining a better understanding of where and how' students are starting to fall behind would enable the development of more effective supports to teachers and schools. Recognising the importance of consolidating basic skills in the early grades for later learning, many OECD countries have introduced a national assessment in the second (e.g. France, Italy), third (e.g. Germany, Sweden), or fourth grade (e.g. Chile, Korea) of primary school (OECD, 2013). One essential improvement at any grade in Costa Rica is better information on the equity of outcomes. | 4 | 3SDG 4
| 0 | 6 | 1 |
10.1787/9789264227385-9-en | 0265da7ec1c54291abfe133001c32ab2 | This involves a complex series of tasks, including tendering for the provision of waste management services, establishing tariffs at an appropriate level and entering into public-private partnerships. They have played an important role in establishing infrastructure and increasing separate collection, recovery and recycling for the waste streams concerned. Although published results suggest that they are by and large achieving their targets, there are concerns about the reliability of the information they generate and the “grey zones” of waste that fall outside these systems. | 12 | 11SDG 12
| 3 | 20 | 0.73913 |
10.18356/ee5ffb89-en | 02676dba2290105a292aa32e85735648 | She cleans homes for income, and wishes she had taken her own schooling more seriously so that she could have pursued her dream of becoming a cook, maybe opening a small rescaurant. I have had to accept so much, like living in other people’s houses, doing all the work and constant humiliation. I hope my son will learn and become somebody, and live much better than I have.” | 5 | 4SDG 5
| 1 | 8 | 0.777778 |
10.6027/9789289342698-7-en | 02691fe2ed82f68b0ce252f5272657b1 | In 2001-2003, the nursing education launched a campaign in Iceland which had only little effect, and educations in pedagogy have not been successful in attracting male students either. Gislason blames the unsuccessful attempts to change the educational choices of Icelandic men on the fact that prior to the economic crisis in 2008, Iceland had no considerable unemployment. Some jobs, such as those within health care, are now considered to be more "secure" and less vulnerable to cyclical fluctuations, Gislason therefore believes, that the crisis might be instrumental in breaking with the traditional gender segregation of the Icelandic labour market. The Icelandic labour market is also characterised by unequal pay, and this is related to place: Icelandic women are paid less than Icelandic men, and this applies to married women in particular (according to figures from Centre for Gender Equality, 2014) (see also Rafnsdottir and Omarsdottir 2010). | 5 | 4SDG 5
| 0 | 9 | 1 |
10.18356/73d010ed-en | 026c116306a05bc87e61dd04c3b60fe8 | The level of significance remains the same, but is greater for the lagged variable, exhibiting positive effects in the medium term. In line with this result, the educational attainment gap (the ratio between the educational attainment of the male and female EAP) displays significant negative coefficients for the lagged variable (22%), while the contemporaneous variable is not significant. According to the existing literature on returns to education for men and women in the region, the relationship between educational attainment and wage levels is stronger for women than it is for men. Thus the elimination of these gaps could lead to higher wages and greater participation on the part of women, which could in turn have an impact on demand-led growth in the future. Since 2003, employment surveys in that country have included a battery of questions on time use. | 5 | 4SDG 5
| 2 | 7 | 0.555556 |
10.1787/9789264208445-6-en | 0270237ab216372548f1b9dc5b817224 | This could suggest that the high level of points attributed to GPs for mental health services successfully rendered encourages patient selection and the deliberate exclusion of more difficult cases from the data. Concerns have also been expressed that GPs are directing attention away from activity not rewarded by the QOF, and as such care delivery quality is declining in some areas (Cashin et al., The recommendation by the Primary Care QOF Indicator Advisory Committee on behalf of NICE was that these indicators be withdrawn, and that a consideration process for new indicators was considered. At present these indicators remained in the QOF framework for 2011/12, although the points value of all of the indicators was reduced. | 3 | 2SDG 3
| 0 | 3 | 1 |
10.1787/9789264179820-4-en | 02718c601765bb0becc1bfb6d0b39ea2 | Examples of more direct benefits are those of avoided flood damages in Paris through construction of lake-reservoirs (estimated to be EUR 300-700 million), and those of preserving bathing water quality in tourism resorts (estimated to be EUR 1 billion). A final example is the potential of river navigation in the Nogent-Le Havre corridor to reduce C02 emissions from freight transport - the current configuration allows a reduction of 28% and an improved configuration would allow a further reduction of 55% of C02 emissions. The water bill also supports urban sanitation, taxes on domestic pollution, basin governance, maintenance of the aquatic environments and the public waterways and production of knowledge. Several funds (poverty relief, welfare-to-work, small irrigation and water conservation, special fund for shortage), in the special fund, central government financing to poorer regions (west 60%, central 40%), in richer regions (east) only local government and farmers. In Germany, the RBMPs have been established at the level of the Lander. The task of the competent authorities was to estimate how much the different measures would cost, and to identify financing options. | 6 | 5SDG 6
| 1 | 2 | 0.333333 |
10.1787/9789264191150-7-en | 02719688ce9599e12631a4b40bcbbaa4 | However, in smaller traditional or artisanal fisheries, consolidation can reduce in some cases the important social role that these fisheries can play. In this case, applying the same set of management rules to these different groups is not always desirable. Defining the appropriate scope of market based schemes to obtain social and economic goals is a challenge and the impacts of reform should be monitored using the principles of adaptive management. | 14 | 13SDG 14
| 4 | 5 | 0.111111 |
10.1787/0ec26947-en | 0271fe622767359695ccfa0c496b7905 | In order to link geographically dispersed systems, the standardised underlying blockchain infrastructures can be connected over time. The prerequisite for this is that policies for different markets can be interlinked or aligned, which should be achieved before interlinking different ETS. In scope of updating the emissions market in the realm of new policy agreements, a viable transition roadmap has to be defined. | 9 | 8SDG 9
| 0 | 3 | 1 |
10.1017/S2044251318000036 | 0272844b93bc9167a8e31d24b26c58c8 | International Criminal Law [ICL] contains a number of general principles, which form the foundations of and conditions for holding individuals criminally responsible for crimes under international law (genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression), and other crimes against the peace and security of mankind. Most general principles of ICL have been adequately implemented in the current (second) edition of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan. This paper assesses the quality of and identifies the lacunae in the implementation of Kazakhstan’s Criminal Code, with a view to suggesting further improvements to this Code. | 16 | 15SDG 16
| 0 | 7 | 1 |
10.1787/eco/studies-2015-5jrqhbb1t5jb | 0274cef12a1ac0ff5301175cf97c5006 | Throughout the paper, more equity is to be interpreted as less inequality in income distribution and does not imply any judgement about the intrinsic value of a more equal distribution. In this paper, inequality is examined from a static perspective. While ultimately a comprehensive assessment would need covering inequality in life-cycle perspective as well as dynamic inequality, hence intra-generational mobility as well as inter-generational mobility, such analysis is beyond the scope of this study, not least reflecting major data limitations. | 10 | 9SDG 10
| 1 | 8 | 0.777778 |
10.18356/acf57efb-en | 0274eb2c3d69501b7e26b6c502f6bd00 | The review of the evidence covers different types of hazards in different geographical areas, although it pays particular attention to the experiences associated with Hurricane Katrina in the United States of America, flooding in Bangladesh, and severe water loss and desertification in the Sahel region of Africa. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the policy implications of addressing the root causes of inequalities for adaptation and building resilience to climate hazards. Relatively less attention was paid to the implications of that physical impact for the lives, livelihoods of the people who are most vulnerable and most affected. To quote Skoufias, ed. ( | 13 | 12SDG 13
| 0 | 9 | 1 |
10.6027/bbc022bf-en | 0275cb8a0291c983ee41af64889fb63f | It has not been possible or relevant to suggest specific thresholds at this point of time. Agreed thresholds are likely to differ for different kinds of fibres and different types of products e.g. relevant requirements for underwear will differ widely from relevant requirements for outdoor jackets. The same could also be true of a requirement to state the recycled content of products provided that consumers positively favoured products with recycled content. As well as providing environmental benefits increased collection (reuse) and recycling oftextiles and other products for use in new products could potentially bring new sorting and waste recovery industries to Europe. | 12 | 11SDG 12
| 0 | 22 | 1 |
10.18356/04b2e7d9-en | 02766cffb538e989edbb3574d3c43a4b | The pipeline project is intended to establish interconnecting arrangements of electricity and natural gas in ASEAN to ensure greater security and sustainability of energy supply in the region, while connecting existing and planned pipelines and regasification terminals, minimizing the environmental impact. This work is led by the ASEAN Council on Petroleum, which is comprised of the head of the national oil company in each member country. The partnership focuses on regional economic cooperation and institutional capacity-building, with the aim to promote development of energy resources (including hydropower), facilitate energy trade in the region, develop renewable and alternative energy resources and promote energy efficiency and conservation. | 7 | 6SDG 7
| 0 | 3 | 1 |
10.1787/eco/surveys-grc-2013-5-en | 027b1b68ccf97bc552c068fc373e1be1 | Income inequality and relative poverty among the total population remained broadly unchanged between the mid-1980s and late 2000s, contrasting with the rising trends in much of the OECD (Figure 2.2). Alternative distributional indicators over the period 1986-2009 confirm these findings for Greece (Table 2.1). Social outcomes are proxied by both distributional (income and poverty measures) and non-distributional indicators (including labour market and health indicators). Measures the extent to which income distribution among individuals or households deviates from a perfectly equal distribution (OECD, 2013a). | 10 | 9SDG 10
| 1 | 8 | 0.777778 |
10.18356/3e6fd74f-en | 027be6cddd4357cedf29f179e58f688d | In 2009-2010 only in the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Peru, and Trinidad and Tobago was social spending below 10% of GDP. A number of countries had been allocating more than 15% of GDP to social spending since the early 1990s, Chile, Costa Rica and the Plurinational State of Bolivia are now part of this group (see figure 17). As a ratio of GDP, El Salvador increased the macroeconomic priority of public social spending by more than 300% (from 2.9% of GDP to 13% of GDP). Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Nicaragua and Paraguay more than doubled their macroeconomic effort between 1991-1992 and 2009-2010. | 1 | 0SDG 1
| 0 | 5 | 1 |
11.1002/pub/8114a552-e2853b97-en | 028200292677a24c6577b3ee14197bad | It also reflects the new development phase which the ICT sector has now entered, one in which public and private stakeholders in the ICT sector are laying the foundations for smart societies. The impact of the ICT sector on economic and societal development continues to expand as companies from adjacent sectors and industries (including the automotive, healthcare, insurance, banking and public sectors) develop products and services that rely on loT infrastructure - leaving virtually no areas of our economies and societies untouched. Industry analysts estimate that loT revenues will generate USD 1.1 trillion in revenues globally by 2025, compared to USD 166 billion in 2016 (GSMA, 2018d). This revenue opportunity is expected to be fuelled over the next three years by investments of around USD 15 billion in IT consulting and systems integration services to build and implement loT solutions (IDC, 2018). | 9 | 8SDG 9
| 0 | 9 | 1 |
10.18356/a81ec314-en | 028411a42f5ab27603a0876be2faef17 | With value attributed to women’s time, households are more likely to choose more efficient technologies with shorter cooking times and reduced fuel gathering requirements (Ekouevi and Tuntivate, 2012). India, Indonesia, Maldives. Nepal, Sri lanka, Thailand and Timor-leste. Data are from the Global Health Observatory data repository, "Household air pollution burden of disease by WHO Regions, 2012", available from: http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.HAPByCAUSEBYREGIONANDWORLDTIang-en. | 7 | 6SDG 7
| 1 | 2 | 0.333333 |
10.18356/74f4872a-en | 0286738bb50b955e95a19fe2b33052c2 | Asian Development Bank: based on figures available from 1971. Many other developing countries are keen to understand how China managed this process and to replicate its success. There are also several international initiatives - such as the Belt and Road Initiative in China and the (much smaller) infrastructure plan for Africa from Germany - that have put infrastructure investments at their centre. Meanwhile, international institutional investors, ever on the lookout to strengthen their financial portfolios, seem keen on infrastructure as an asset class, since it offers a steady return on investment profile. | 9 | 8SDG 9
| 0 | 7 | 1 |
10.18356/8146c4ff-en | 02895791ee26a830f80d83c426a3868d | However, four years ago, Rahim was arrested and imprisoned for six months and finally deported to Sudan, because only Lebanese citizens can legally operate as employment agents. Her husband, who was also Sudanese, died five years ago and she had to support their two daughters alone. Emebet is alienated from her Orthodox Christian family in Ethiopia because they disapproved of her decision to marry a Muslim man. | 5 | 4SDG 5
| 2 | 2 | 0 |
10.18356/74f4872a-en | 028a5f30f0c44d5e1cabb8b40b1d02cf | All this chimes well with the 2030 Development Agenda, constructed around a series of ambitious goals and targets, which together add up to a massive infrastructure programme on a global scale, the Addis Ababa Action Agenda agreed at the Third United Nations Conference on Financing for Development in 2015, has reinforced this ambition. The World Bank has acknowledged this in its call to scale up efforts “from billions to trillions” to meet the 2030 Agenda and proffered a new framework to meet this challenge involving an enhanced role for the private sector through public-private partnerships, blending and de-risking techniques. This has focused the infrastructure debate on the “bankability” of projects (discussed in section D). | 9 | 8SDG 9
| 1 | 8 | 0.777778 |
10.18356/18db943d-en | 028a94fd8d5a3ff243acac2b153ea6c5 | Government of the Philippines, National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. For each hazard, there should be one entity authorized to issue official warnings. Given the need for inter-agency coordination, the early warning system requires standard operating procedures (SOPs) that spell out the main tasks, roles and responsibilities in the event of an emergency.14 These SOPs need to be tested and revised on a regular basis. Unreliable or conflicting messages from official and non-official sources can allow rumours and disinformation to spread. | 13 | 12SDG 13
| 2 | 2 | 0 |
10.18356/ca5d645f-en | 028bddca5d52ff3e247bf9ce34423bd5 | The level of agricultural subsidies also dramatically increased in Indonesia, from $5.5 billion in 2009 to $25.7 billion in 2014. In this context, strengthening research and development is crucial to ensure the realization of that goal. Only limited cross-country comparable data are available to measure research and development in the agricultural sector in Asia and the Pacific. A recent publication on Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI) provides statistical information on that topic.a Based on International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) estimates, total research and development spending for the agricultural sector represented $40.1 billion (2005 PPP dollars) in 2008, of which 79 per cent was from public spending and 21 per cent from private-sector research covering spending by seven agricultural input industries: seed/biotechnology, agricultural pesticides, fertilizer, farm machinery, animal health, nutrition, and breeding. | 2 | 1SDG 2
| 2 | 4 | 0.333333 |
10.1787/5jxsr7tt3qf4-en | 028ce465ae6f84d636a983ee73e76b8c | This value is lower than one as farmers increase their input use due to the reduced fertiliser prices and as larger fertiliser quantities incur increasing production costs for this input. In this case, a dollar of input subsidies would result in a cost reduction for farm inputs of only 0.42 dollars (Figure 22). This is partly caused by the fact that relative to the fertiliser price, a given subsidy value is smaller under imperfect competition as the price includes the producers’ mark-up and is hence higher than under perfect competition. | 2 | 1SDG 2
| 3 | 6 | 0.333333 |
10.1787/agr/outlook-2014-5-en | 0290252292ebfbaed3b5a84f4e5755b1 | In consideration of these issues, with higher production, India is projected to increase its cotton exports to more than 2 Mt by 2023, assuming no action is taken by government to limit exports. Ethanol production has risen from 1.5 billion litres in 2002 to 2.7 billion litres in 2013. Biodiesel production increased from non-existent to 300 million litres over the same period. | 2 | 1SDG 2
| 9 | 0 | 1 |
10.1787/9789264128392-3-en | 02919288e94714a509f061f50ba75a94 | The result is a fragmentation of programmes that lack critical mass, synergies and complementarities. In fact the dilution of governance responsibilities and the gap between the formal responsibilities entrusted to CONCYTEC by the 2004 S&T Law and its ability to carry them out call for a new institutional framework and possibly new legislation. The reform process should not jeopardise efficiently managed support programmes. Given the potential volatility of revenues derived from its traditional exports in an increasingly global competitive environment, an overarching objective for Peru should be to lose no time in moving towards a more innovation-led sustainable growth path in order to increase productivity and competitiveness across a wider spectrum of activities, alleviate poverty and better address social needs. | 9 | 8SDG 9
| 2 | 7 | 0.555556 |
10.18356/3fe10a08-en | 029432e263877e4e6d3ae0ec041b3f1e | Although the global information technology industry is not anticipated to rebound forcefully, Singapore is set to gain from generally revived global trade in 2013. Domestic-oriented activities, such as the construction sector, are likely to be major growth drivers, supported by negative real interest rates. Much will depend on restoring confidence in the economy through keeping inflation in check, addressing vulnerabilities in the banking sector and restructuring less efficient State enterprises, as emphasized in the government directive approved in February 2013. | 8 | 7SDG 8
| 1 | 2 | 0.333333 |
10.18356/a2e9d414-en | 029548b3e5ffe549705c924930871976 | The level of out-of-pocket expenditure also varies by tourists, with package tourists spending less out of pocket than non-package tourists (Mitchell and Faal, 2008). Agriculture is the most labour intensive sector and the mainstay in rural areas where poverty is most pervasive and deepest, indeed, more than 70 per cent of the poor in Africa live in rural areas and rely on agriculture for food and livelihood (International Fund for Agricultural Development, 2011). Agricultural income is reported to sustain more households than jobs in hotels and restaurants (UNCTAD, 2013a), particularly when local agricultural products are effectively integrated into the tourism value chain. | 8 | 7SDG 8
| 3 | 6 | 0.333333 |
11.1002/pub/81216b38-en | 02956d27ec2d76ef395946b5b7a49af8 | On the other hand, it is important to note that any economy will only be able to reap the full benefits of ICT if access to energy is secured, and that energy consumption triggered by ICT may pose a challenge in particular to decoupling energy consumption and economic growth. For instance, business incentives can be based on additional revenue sources that can be tapped into by collaboration such as offering power supply to people in remote areas or developing new products and services e.g. in smart city environments. Incentives created by policy frameworks include infrastructure mapping initiatives as well as relevant directives such as the Cost Reduction Directive in the European Union. | 7 | 6SDG 7
| 0 | 9 | 1 |
10.18356/ac21c613-en | 0298d780e300ed29eeca1abd43b53a4f | The majority of hydropower plants are in private hands and further donor investment is sought. Installed capacity' is 1,300 MW and annual projected capacity is 3.8 billion kWh. The share of energy exports is expected to increase threefold by 2012 as compared with 2007. Sewerage collecting systems exist in about 40 towns, but only 70 per cent of the urban population is connected to the sewerage system. | 6 | 5SDG 6
| 3 | 1 | 0.5 |
10.1108/13685200410809931 | 029c1d99bd60a12ad8bddac7745cf5f7 | Argues in this wideranging paper that the legitimacy of international law depends on the principle that pacts should be respected, reviewing the issues of self‐preservation, proportionality and human rights in relation to this. Focuses on the economic war against terrorism by the USA preeminently, as expressed in the PATRIOT Act and the International Emergency Economic Powers Act and the Anti‐Terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act. Concludes that the Patriot Act and the Homeland Security Act give the Executive branch of government extraordinary and warlike powers: but wars have an end whereas terrorism does not. Looks at the role of the US Federal courts in the context of national security, proportionality and human rights concerns, and finds them deficient, reports specific cases concerning Iranian resistance movements and their status as regards terrorism, and the Bajkajian, Austin and Alexander cases as regards proportionality. | 16 | 15SDG 16
| 0 | 7 | 1 |
10.1787/9789264247567-4-en | 029c7ce162737d6174c133343af6ece3 | The following policy priorities were identified to improve the effectiveness of resource use in the Slovak school system. The schools have acquired relatively great autonomy: all of them now have an elected school board with relatively strong jurisdictions, they are protected from too strong a local control through the funding system (which limits the redistributing power of their founders), they take responsibility for human resource management, and they are also encouraged to adapt the national curriculum to their own specific educational context through school education programmes. At the same time the national Ministry maintains strong regulatory powers. The move towards extended local and institutional autonomy has been paralleled with the creation and strengthening of accountability frameworks. The emerging national system of standardised student achievement measurement and the State Schools Inspectorate are key elements of the latter. In addition, the Slovak Republic has an information system which allows the monitoring of many local and institutional level processes (such as student performance, funding and human resource management) and creates opportunities to assess the impact of national policies and development interventions. | 4 | 3SDG 4
| 0 | 5 | 1 |
10.1787/5jxrclljnbxq-en | 029d6abb365b7dc80c0106a3917274ef | To provide context regarding developments in the agricultural market in other parts of the world, and to analyse potential food security issues, the results for four regions that represent low-income countries and are particularly vulnerable to food insecurity are also presented. They are: sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East and North Africa (MENA), South Asia, and Southeast Asia. Several modelling groups with different crop, agricultural and economic specifications participate in AgMIP to compare their results. | 2 | 1SDG 2
| 0 | 4 | 1 |
10.18356/7d5576e0-en | 029fd0173789e6671c518f15ec3d39d6 | These active ingredients have previously been patented in separate medical products. The generic producers would need a license from the patent holder(s) for all of these ingredients for production and sale of the new FDC. The owner of a patent on a pharmaceutical active ingredient may choose not to license the invention to any third party to remain the only supplier on the market for that active ingredient. | 3 | 2SDG 3
| 3 | 1 | 0.5 |
10.4337/9780857933225.00008 | 02a3cccee435f86d9d5d5f8a9aae81fc | The purpose of international criminal law is to establish the criminal responsibility of individuals for international crimes. Public international law is traditionally focused on the rights and obligations of states, and thus is not particularly well suited to this task. It has adapted through a long and slow historical process, drawing upon multiple sources. Many of the chapters in this Handbook explore to some extent the historical development of international criminal law. I will not attempt to summarize that history in detail, but a few historical observations here will help to explain how international criminal law emerged from its sources in public international law, comparative law, international humanitarian law and international human rights law. This will set the stage for an introductory discussion of some key issues in contemporary international criminal law. | 16 | 15SDG 16
| 1 | 5 | 0.666667 |
10.1787/9789264075429-4-en | 02a45c77bf85033dfd00c5bf1577a895 | It is clear that, in terms of fisheries rebuilding, the ecosystem approach requires policy makers to take into account of the impacts of fishing on ecosystems, the impacts of ecosystems on fishing, and the interactions between fish and other species in the ecosystem. In particular, fisheries rebuilding has been the subject of several major international commitments on developing sustainable fisheries and it is universally recognized as necessary for protecting biodiversity and the health of oceans, as well being important from an economic and social perspective for many coastal communities. As such, while it is universally recognized that rebuilding and maintaining robust fisheries are desired, there are other factors considered in the management process in addition to the science advice. To that end, political commitments have been made through a series of hard (binding) and soft laws (non binding). | 14 | 13SDG 14
| 0 | 4 | 1 |
10.18356/77cccad1-en | 02a603e00a0811a5ca1187d5ad6e62c7 | The second order involves regular large (> 1,000 people), big (500-1,000), medium-sized (100-500) and small (< 100) rural communities (townships, villages and homesteads). These efforts have resulted in the formation of more than 1,500 agro-towns, based on the selection of and funding support for existing, more or less economically viable, central settlements of rural councils and homesteads of agricultural organizations. Each agro-town enjoys amenities characteristic of an urban settlement, including clubs, a library, an art school for children, internet cafes, entertainment centres, upper secondary and vocational schools, pre-university training centres and primary education schools. Intensive public investment in these settlements in the period 2007-2010 has helped to address some critical problems and develop important social and business processes and infrastructure. This involves a hierarchy of spatial (territorial) plans developed at national, oblast and local levels in accordance with the Main Directions of the State Urban Development Policy for 2011— 2015 and environmental requirements. | 11 | 10SDG 11
| 0 | 3 | 1 |
10.1787/9789264279322-7-en | 02a639d6b9385cfec833c9a73f0df4fd | For example, a divorce may affect her housing. If a couple has children, the mother will in principle be able to live with them in the home for the time of the custody. Under Tunisia’s personal status code, the father grants the residence of the custodial mother.68 If the woman has no children or is not the custodian, however, she may have to return to her parents’ home if she does not have sufficient financial means to pay for her own housing. | 5 | 4SDG 5
| 1 | 8 | 0.777778 |
10.1787/soc/aag-2014-5-en | 02aca7fb3c56bfc5ca7d3ab01190ad88 | In a number of countries women’s access to financial services and resources is further hampered by general limitations to the formal financial infrastructure and - in some cases - legal and institutional barriers (OECD, 2012b). Most of the women who joined SEWA experienced improvements in earnings, marketing and working conditions. For some women, starting their own business is out of necessity as job opportunities are scarce (GEM, 2012). | 5 | 4SDG 5
| 1 | 8 | 0.777778 |
10.6027/d4e544d6-en | 02ad4ee9fb77ec3d5f335612adf14570 | The details on how to enhance ambition of NDCs and review commitments is however subject to continued political contestation. In other words, after more than 20 years of contentious international negotiations on climate change, the Paris Agreement is not the final destination, but merely the start of a long process for the world to address climate change. Pertinent questions are: Why has international cooperation to address climate change been so difficult? | 13 | 12SDG 13
| 0 | 9 | 1 |
10.1787/eco/surveys-chn-2010-11-en | 02ad573a43907b0875a17fe4350fe7cc | Coverage, however, is far from universal. In 2005, only slightly more than half of employees registered urban residents and only 15% and 36% of unofficial rural and urban employees had cover - a total coverage rate of just over 40% of the urban working population (excluding those engaged in agriculture). This scheme, together with the rural system, covered just a quarter of health care expenses in 2001. Outpatient costs are met through the individual’s medical saving account. | 3 | 2SDG 3
| 1 | 8 | 0.777778 |
10.1007/S10935-010-0216-6 | 02aea02c281c8c4c1eabec74c524cb27 | It is a privilege to assume the Editor-in-Chief position of The Journal of Primary Prevention and to follow in the leadership of P. Britner, who has retired from his editorial responsibilities. Under his 5 years of leadership, JPP has grown tremendously: the journal has transitioned into the electronic age, been indexed, and increased its stature among prevention journals. Thank you, Brit, for your commitment to the journal and to prevention research! I feel honored to take on this role. My goal is to expand the focus and strategic direction of JPP to maintain its trajectory toward becoming a premier journal in prevention and public health. As in the past, the journal will also continue to publish on major causes of disparities, social determinants, schooland community-based programs, cross-cultural comparisons, community-based participatory research, factors contributing to social injustice, and both qualitative and quantitative studies. | 16 | 15SDG 16
| 5 | 1 | 0.666667 |
10.1787/9789264262782-4-en | 02aeec43de7522a35a37709b412549a5 | The standards were set up by the Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care (ACSQHC) to drive care of a uniformly high quality across the country. They are applied to all hospitals (private and public, across all states), covering ten priority areas including quality governance, hospital-acquired infection, medication safety and clinical handover (see Box 2.5 for further detail). There has been broad agreement from stakeholders that the new standards are a positive move forward, promoting greater clinical involvement and more directly addressing specific quality issues than other standards. | 3 | 2SDG 3
| 0 | 9 | 1 |
10.1787/5kg57kjj5hs8-en | 02b4a1cfb1829d41dc4127419a5e82e3 | More precisely, on the basis of the answers to the country questionnaire, the situation in this country' can be described in detail. Indeed, universities have a high degree of autonomy. Universities are encouraged to do their best to align their goal setting in research and development work as well as in curricula with national policies. Prior to 2007, the Ministry of Education had specially allocated funds that universities could use for professional development ICT courses. | 4 | 3SDG 4
| 1 | 8 | 0.777778 |
10.14217/9781848599574-6-en | 02b6c9b5ba6104d1437e1546c5cc6708 | Focusing on the long-term horizon to 2050 has the benefit of also examining whether countries are likely to achieve the SDGs even if they miss the mark by 2030. Will the mirror of the past provide the image of the future? This chapter sets out to answer these questions, providing the overall context and background for the remaining chapters. | 15 | 14SDG 15
| 3 | 0 | 1 |
10.18356/3dfe8660-en | 02b6f7dbc47c89759a24b93bbf9135f0 | First, since the act obligates the state to provide free and compulsory education to all children ages 6-14, the state has the freedom to decide whether it shall fulfil its obligation through its own schools, aided schools or unaided schools. The 2009 act is "child-centric" and not "institution-centric". Second, the right to education "envisages a reciprocal agreement between the state and the parents, and it places an affirmative burden on all stakeholders in our civil society." | 1 | 0SDG 1
| 5 | 4 | 0.111111 |
10.1787/9789264212664-en | 02b71500bfeaf1b15231e2dcfe34735e | The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. As mentioned in the competition section, opening the electricity market to independent power provision can be very helpful in promoting private investment in clean electricity generation. Keeping the energy market competitive and ensuring that the needs of end-users are met also requires careful regulation and oversight of the sector, both by a competition authority and a sector-specific regulator. | 7 | 6SDG 7
| 0 | 9 | 1 |
10.1787/9789264188617-en | 02b856b8308f2bdceea3194c2e3849a7 | Those values have been used for the 10% and 30% scenarios, without adjustment. The values for France have been drawn from the Green Net study, which reports the findings from a study performed in 2003 (Verseille, 2003). According to this study, the French transmission grid could cope with 6 GW of wind power with only minor investments. | 7 | 6SDG 7
| 0 | 9 | 1 |