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PMC7112069_72

Previous studies from our group indicated that the partial protection observed after immunization with rTGEVs expressing full length GP5 protein, both wild type or glycosylation mutants, was probably due to the toxicity of this protein in rTGEV system, leading to heterologous gene loss with passages (Cruz et al., 2010).

As a consequence, we decided to evaluate the expression of small domains containing epitopes potentially relevant in protection, as the reduction of potential toxic domains could increase vector stability.

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PMC7158194_2766

The exact sequence of events in pantothenic acid–deficiency neuropathy is controversial because one study in pigs described initial lesions in the axon, whereas a second study described initial lesions in the cell body.

Riboflavin deficiency in poultry, named curled-toe paralysis, is primarily a demyelinating neuropathy.

Peripheral nerves are swollen because of endoneurial edema, and there is subsequent demyelination with mild axonal degeneration.

PMC7246897_316

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Finally, further work can be directed to better understanding the development of the risk communication research domain.

Example research questions in this line of work can include, for instance, how risk communication has impacted the disciplines it is associated with; what relationships between risk communication and anthropology exist and how knowledge of the latter may be used to advance the former especially when dealing with non-Western societies; to what extent and how risk communication research has influenced political science research and actual political decision making processes; and to what extent risk communication research has helped to expand risk research or establish it as an independent domain of scientific activity.

PMC7094415_148

The diversity and number of pathogens were higher among the diseased animals compared with the control group, supporting the definition of PRDC as a multifactorial disease (Harms et al., 2002), which should be considered when diagnosing and treating cases of PRDC and in prophylactic strategies.

The observed tendency towards a lower number of pathogens in the chronic cases of CBP (Fig. 3), compared with the acute and subacute cases, could be explained by regression of the infection and elimination of pathogens.

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PMC7377795_115

There are several channels through which social distancing and other effects of the COVID-19 pandemic might affect domestic violence calls.

Social distancing could have a direct effect on reporting rates.

If victims find it more difficult to report domestic violence because their abusers spend more time at home, then our estimates would understate the impact on incidents.

PMC3775774_131

C-reactive protein level might be used as an early marker for clinical prognosis in H7N9 patients based on results from our logistic regression analyses, which was in agreement with previous studies showing that C-reactive protein level might serve as a marker for severity of illness in influenza infections [18], [19].

Since multivariate analysis was not performed in our small sample study, further research is needed to verify this.

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PMC7204664_82

The timely diagnosis, isolation and treatment of these asymptomatic patients will help control the further spread of SARS-CoV-2.

Future studies should investigate viral loads and viral dynamics of asymptomatic patients, and examine whether they are different from symptomatic patients.

Such researches will enhance the understanding of the pathogenesis of the new emerging virus and would help to control the disease early.

PMC7443060_82

These proteins are predicted to be involved in evading host immune defenses, in enhancing viral expression and in cleavage of the replicase polyprotein, based on prior studies of related betacoronaviruses (Báez-Santos et al., 2015, Posthuma et al., 2017).

Hence, this lower mutation rate may indicate purifying selection to maintain these functions essential for efficient immune evasion and subsequent viral dissemination.

Indeed, structural proteins in coronaviruses undergo a greater degree of antigenic variation which increases the fitness of the virus by means of adaptation to the host and by facilitating immune escape (Walls et al. 2020).

PMC4716282_161

Before/after collection, the same procedures of donning/removal PPE used for patient care should be performed (BIII).

When collecting lower respiratory tract samples, AGP-related infection control measures should be applied.

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PMC7126967_199

However, expanded cell and tissue tropism has been described for highly pathogenic arteriviruses, including a highly pathogenic PRRSV that is capable of replication within distal renal tubular epithelium in pigs (Li et al., 2012).

Thus, to further understand the pathogenesis of renal lesions the exact cell types supporting viral replication within kidney tissues need to be further investigated.

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PMC7168511_91

Multi‐CTL epitope DNA vaccines have been reported to induce broad CTL responses against HIV, HBV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and others (30, 31, 32).

Whereas epitope‐based vaccines are limited with respect to HLA polymorphism and population coverage, the use of supertype‐restricted epitopes provides a means to address this problem (33).

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PMC7134919_61

Yanhouling decoction was more effective than the gentamicin atomised inhalation aerosol, a non-standard treatment, for acute pharyngitis (OR 5.39, 95% CI 2.69–10.81).

Qinganlan Liyan Hanpian tablet was more effective than the Fufang Caoshanhu Hanpian tablet for chronic pharyngitis (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.08–4.67), and four formulations were shown to be equal in efficacy to the control.

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PMC6249571_447

It is interesting that all cells tested at G0 produced significantly fewer EVs that were also larger than unsynchronized controls.

Because many eukaryotic cells are quiescent in normal, healthy, in vivo environments, this could represent an important trend that inherently differentiates EVs from cells that are not frequently dividing versus actively replicating or cancer cells.

Our results also showed that EVs from VP40-producing cells were generally fewer in number but denser and larger in size (Figures 5 and 6).

PMC7453370_158

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Overall, results were grouped into one main theme and five interrelated sub-themes.

The primary theme involved symbolic violence, which produced a potent negative and counter-productive intra-psychic, emotional, and inter-personal context that served as a primary cause of nonadherence to ART.

PMC7088301_122

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In Bolivia, a survey on domestic dogs revealed that CDV, CPV and CAV may represent disease risks for wild carnivores (Fiorello et al. 2004).

In Northern Brazil, Courtenay et al. (2001) found no evidence for CDV and CPV infection in crab-eating foxes, despite the high likelihood of intra-specific contacts.

PMC7132394_116

Juvaris BioTherapeutics, a small company, enrolled with the NIAID antiviral screening program in July, 2004.

This company is developing immunotherapeutic and vaccine products for the treatment and prevention of human diseases.

The company and collaborators have shown that cationic lipid–DNA complexes (CLDC) are able to activate the innate and adaptive immune responses, in particular the induction of therapeutic quantities of TH1 cytokines as well as humoral, and cell-mediated immunity following parenteral or mucosal administration.

PMC5234037_25

This suggests that at 2 hours post-infection, DENV is compartmentalized in late endosomes or lysosomes following uptake into the host cell.

The enrichment of endosomal markers in isolated fractions relative to whole cell lysate is further validation that purification of DENV endocytic vesicles can be performed on a step sucrose gradient (Supplementary Fig. S1).

Organelle markers were also used to verify the purity of DENV endocytic vesicle isolation.

PMC7126054_186

However, ASCs appear to be inferior to BMSCs in osteogenic differentiation and ASCs engineered by the conventional baculovirus transiently expressing BMP-2/VEGF (S group) led to significantly poorer healing of segmental femoral bone defects than BMSCs engineered by the same vectors (Fig. 2 ).

To use ASCs for repairing large, segmental bone defects, we surmised that sustained expression of factors promoting osteogenesis (BMP-2) and angiogenesis (VEGF) are necessary.

As such, we employed a hybrid baculovirus system developed previously for persistent expression (Lo et al., 2009).

PMC5156881_150

In particular, we selected groups of 10 sows and 19–30 piglets on each farm.

None of the farms had reported PEDV infections prior to this study, and thus, we can surmise that the sows had been recently infected at the time of their enrollment in the study, while piglets were infected after birth, through contact with infected sows.

More than 80% of the sows showed detectable levels of PEDV at the first sampling but only the 30% showed diarrhea.

PMC7106434_186

Personal protective equipment should be inexpensive and effective, and available to use with minimal training and under harsh environments.

Protection of health-care workers against infection remains particularly problematic, and should be a focus of research and development.

The Ebola virus epidemic has highlighted the importance of improving the logistics of moving human and material resources in areas with relatively poor infrastructure.

PMC7271189_1114

in alfalfa hay, and hemorrhagic and erosive or ulcerative cystitis develops from cantharidin excreted through the urinary tract.

Chronic ingestion of bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) by cattle can result in the syndrome of enzootic hematuria, which can manifest as acute urinary bladder hemorrhage, chronic cystitis, or urinary bladder neoplasia.

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PMC7324224_239

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We plan to define a restriction of DRPN for which reachability would be still decidable as in RPN.

Moreover since our algorithm is based on backward explorations and our team has already developed an efficient tool for coverability in PN based on such explorations [1], we want to adapt it for DRPN.

PMC7158194_1420

Depending on the quantity absorbed, poisoning can be peracute with no gross or microscopic lesions, acute, subacute, or chronic.

In peracute or acute cases, contents of the upper digestive tract, such as fragments of battery plates or flakes of paint, could indicate the possibility of lead poisoning.

Lead poisoning can affect many tissues and organs, including CNS, PNS, liver, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow, blood vessels, and organs of the reproductive and endocrine systems.

PMC6786286_133

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The importance of self-efficacy to obtaining functional gains was also discussed, including the importance of maintaining both physical and emotional health.

The feelings of well-being obtained from exercise were reported to reinforce the desire to continue exercising.

PMC7423991_262

Its generalizability may be improved through further research by drawing samples from American, Australian, or European regions currently suffering from a highly infectious phase of COVID-19, and wherein nurses are highly likely to face psychological distress.

Another direction for future research is a longitudinal study on inclusive leadership comparing inclusive leadership’s effects on psychological distress during an epidemic with its effects under normal circumstances after the pandemic is over.

A similar study was recently conducted by Wang et al. (2020) for observing psychological distress levels among the general public.

PMC7108256_283

The EHR databases were generated from microbiology laboratory data as described in Section 2.1 above.

The map polygons were created from bitmaps made available in the NorgesHelsa system [42] and converted to SVG polygons.

Then the map polygons were inserted into a MySQL database [44] in a convenient format for map generation and coded with geographical information.

PMC7249039_143

All data were analyzed using Med Calc Ver.18.2.18 (MedCalc Software Ltd, Ostend, Belgium).

The investigator was blinded to the group allocation during the experiment.

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PMC7451123_93

Due to the volume of cases, there were also limitations in the sizes and types of tube available for open procedures, which may have accounted for the intra-procedural tube changes.

A tendency to require a larger tube than expected was noted, as the trachea of COVID-19 patients was often dilated and inflamed at the time of the procedure.

This brought challenges further down the line, as patients appeared to experience more cuff leaks and sometimes required downsizing as part of the weaning process.

PMC7378817_62

Fourteen of the remaining 56 patients (25%) had low PLT counts, and the median PLT count in the 56 patients was 200 × 109/L (IQR: 100–264.5 × 109/L).

Three patients (5.3%) presented with increased MPV values.

44 (77.2%) patients showed increased CRP (median: 37.6 mg/L, IQR: 9.5–103.4 mg/L).

PMC7397057_19

Consequently, many genomes, including those of viruses, exhibit relatively low GC content, particularly in areas under low selection constraints, such as various repeats and pseudogenes.

The CpG dinucleotides have long been observed to occur with a much lower frequency in the sequence of vertebrate genomes than would be expected due to random chance [9,10].

The depletion is explained by cytosine methylation, which appears to be concentrated to CpG dinucleotides [11] and which deaminates into T. However, some pathogenic viruses (both RNA and DNA), including flu, papilloma, polyoma, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), also show a reduction in CpG dinucleotides in their genomes [12,13,14,15], suggesting that the reduction in CpG content may not be limited to nuclear genomes.

PMC7401880_38

Interestingly, the cluster of MIS-C cases in these communities lags behind the peak COVID-19 incidence among adults by approximately one month.

The fact that MIS-C was not identified in China and other Asian countries affected by COVID-19 has led to speculation regarding variations in the virus affecting areas with MIS-C cases or an increased susceptibility or genomic variation of these populations, although this is currently conjectural.

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PMC7173591_407

Their breakdown products rapidly appear in urine shortly after plasma uptake.

Future studies are needed to investigate the antioxidant efficacy of phenolic metabolites and their conjugated complexes at concentrations found in the plasma.

Their efficacy at binding to, and translocation into tissue cells needs to be known.

PMC7149462_278

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However, an unexplored aspect of macrosecuritization is the ways by which middle-tier actors can engage with the macro-level processes in order to realize different goals.

By expanding the focus of AMR efforts to the global level, states are able to internally exert policy pressures that create a discursive policy space, which, in turn, allows resistant domestic policy communities to be bypassed.

PMC7278286_353

It then led to gradual operations of transportation services with extended safety and security measures.

As mentioned earlier, measures such as the early restrictions on residential compounds, and restricting access points to only one or two entry and exit nodes, represent a great starting point to reduce the city-wide mobility.

These measures helped to minimise unnecessary travel within the city, between different districts, and in and out of the municipality, which also provided a breathing space for other services to operate more smoothly.

PMC7299855_1

OBJECTIVES: As the COVID-19 pandemic developed in March 2020 in greater Seattle, our clinical trial site faced several ethical and clinical dilemmas.

We remained open to research patients including high-risk elderly patients and adapted to changing health recommendations.

METHODS: Beginning March 14, 2020 we developed an in-person evaluation for potential risk of COVID-19.

PMC7458118_98

In the immediate aftermath of the Great Recession during state fiscal years 2010 through 2012, 19 states reported restrictions in Medicaid adult dental benefits (50).

Amidst the pandemic, many states have modified public payment policies to meet the demand of their most vulnerable residents, and it will be important that advocacy efforts secure continuity of these provisional changes.

However, given current circumstances, it is imperative that policy makers consider expanding adult dental benefits under Medicaid rather than reducing them.

PMC7356086_103

Even smaller filters add approximately 10 mL of dead space, which could be detrimental to a small preterm infant if kept in place for an extended period ( Fig. 3 ).

Since no positive COVID-19 cases were detected in infants <1,000 g, it may be reasonable to not use filters while applying bag and mask ventilation to these infants to avoid possible iatrogenic hypercapnia with subsequent intraventricular hemorrhage.

PMC6211748_341

For transmission electron microscopy, 50–70 nm sections were collected on copper grids, stained with lead citrate [171] and imaged with an AMT 1600 M CCD camera on a Hitachi H-7000 STEM at 75 kV. Putative virions were seen by TEM in sections from a single worm, which led us to re-examine a collection of 1697 electron micrographs, drawn from 16 additional worms (12 sexuals, four asexuals) from cultures known to harbor PSCNV.

All images that included some portion of a mucus cell were chosen for further examination (n = 165); the total number of cells represented cannot be determined without three-dimensional reconstruction from serial sections, which is not practical for such large and irregularly shaped cells.

No additional examples of putative viral structures were found among the specimens included in these samples.

PMC4753292_97

That is, they are so interwoven into the fabric of our lives, that they are not observable.

As it is often stated, what is not measureable does not exist.

As a result, the importance of scientific social networks is often underappreciated and unknown, and consequently undervalued.

PMC7226712_55

Meanwhile, the in vitro experiment with 20 mM methylglyoxal was conducted, and the production of acetylacetone (128.9 ± 8.6 mg/L) did not show significant difference with that with 10 mM methylglyoxal (p = 0.94).

So, we speculated that low activity of Dke1 might be the primary reason of low acetylacetone yield.

Then, the acetylacetone-cleaving enzyme was first screened.

PMC7355319_7

This influx of more and novice visitors poses challenges for forest managers and urban forest policy.

It is, however, also a unique opportunity for a substantial engagement of forestry with society at large, that has implications for forest policy, especially in urban areas, possibly beyond the COVID-19 pandemic era.

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PMC5341080_122

Clusters clearly mapped to peaks and troughs in individual pathogen activity.

We suggest that this viral clustering, which was associated temporal dynamics of pathogen activity, may have arisen from complex virus-virus and host-virus pathogen interactions.

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PMC2779497_41

Complex mediating models which themselves have explanatory power and which embody techniques of modeling can be refined and passed down to successor models [9].

The virtue of mathematics in such a context is that it forces clarity and precision upon the conjecture, thus enabling meaningful comparison between the consequences of basic assumptions and the empirical facts [19].

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PMC7113746_111

Regardless of the specimen type assayed, TAC demonstrated sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility equivalent to other multi-pathogen detection platforms.

One limitation of the current study is that the LoD was not calculated in terms of infectious dose 50% (ID50) or copies/mL. Future studies will evaluate TAC performance against validated laboratory developed tests using clinical specimens of known titer.

Several different extraction instruments, combinations of oligonucleotide primers and probes, PCR enzyme master mixes, and real-time instruments were used by multiple laboratories in this study and the consistency of the results demonstrated the robustness of the technique when assays are carefully designed and thoroughly validated.

PMC5963129_24

Therefore, this study was designed to examine the self-reported occurrence of needlestick injuries, safety practices (i.e. recapping), and occupational infection among laboratory workers in Al-Madinah.

The results of the current study can be used for interventions that target the enhancement of biosafety measures among Al-Madinah clinical laboratory workers.

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PMC7324224_22

Static Extensions of Petri Nets.

In another direction, PNs have been extended by adding capabilities of transitions while the static structure given by the set of places is unchanged.

The reset and transfer arcs allow to perform the corresponding operations by a single transition [2].

PMC4926180_215

Interestingly, the viral core protein accumulates on the surface of LDs.

Thus, Rab18 is used by HCV for recruitment of LDs in close proximity to the replication sites, thereby also recruiting the capsid protein.

Since HCV assembly is tightly linked to LDs, Rab18 appears to be exploited to facilitate the coordination of RNA replication and virus assembly [202,203].

PMC7465980_59

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Besides GLSs and ITCs, another important group of bioactive constituents present in cruciferous vegetables is the phenolic compounds.

They are secondary metabolites produced in plants through the phenylpropanoid and shikimate pathways [74].

PMC7417113_234

The aim is to make learning flow easier and engaging on mobile devices under distinct situations.

Indeed, the development of adaptation strategies that adapt to mobile learning contents based on the cognitive level of the learners is still an unexplored research area.

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PMC7291595_205

Moreover, prediction of whether the similar coronaviruses can infect humans will be import for all the world.

We hope that vaccines specific for the similar coronaviruses will be developed in advance to prevent epidemics in the world.

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PMC7122801_171

These features supported the diagnosis of a mediastinal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, while largely excluding a thymoma or a germ cell tumour.

Further examination also showed micrometastases to the tracheo-bronchial lymph nodes and the right adrenal gland (Fig. 13.21), but not to the bone marrow.

PMC6491353_87

Further biochemical, structural, and cellular studies are required to fully understand the mechanism and relevance of 8-oxoG removal by APE1.

As previous studies have shown that APE1 exonuclease activity preferentially cleaves mismatches [11,57], it will be particularly interesting to see whether there is any preference and/or mechanistic differences between when 8-oxoG pairs with cytosine compared to its mutagenic base paring partner, adenine [83,84].

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PMC7119000_132

Meanwhile, Thanou et al., 2001, Thanou et al., 2007 showed the effect of low viscosity grade Mono-N-Carboxymethyl Chitosan (LMCC), High low viscosity grade N-sulfonato-N,O-carboxymethy-lchitosan (SNOCC-60) on the absorption of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), and found that the AUC values can be increased by 7 and 18 times, respectively by intraduodenally administration.

Therefore, other chitosan derivatives as absorption enhancers need to be further investigated in order to improve the pharmacological effects of Flos Lonicerae extract better.

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PMC7089181_2

All these viruses are of concern for public health services when they occur in natural outbreaks or emerge in unvaccinated populations.

Recent events and intelligence reports point to a growing risk of dangerous biological agents being used for nefarious purposes.

Public health responses effective in natural outbreaks of infectious disease may not be sufficient to deal with the severe consequences of a deliberate release of such agents.

PMC4636366_61

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In order to further study the role of the G758R mutation on the biology of both HCoV-OC43 variants, we first evaluated the kinetics of viral replication and spread within mixed primary CNS cultures from BALB/c mice over a period of 72 h post-infection (hpi).

Using immunofluorescence, we observed no change in cell tropism, with neurons remaining the main target of infection by both virus variants (Fig 5), even though astrocytes could also be infected later in the infection (S3 Fig) as we previously reported [10].

PMC7114944_12

A report showed that Penghu pilot health IC card experimental system [1], [2], [3], [4] responded quickly and effectively to the contact information about SARS suspects, the clinics they had visited and the patients who were in the same hospitals.

The contact information was sent to Taiwan's bureau of national health insurance (TBNHI) and joined with a database to get the lodging and affiliations of those people for CDC to conduct further examination and isolation processes [5].

The efficacy and effectiveness of the Penghu health smart card system motivated this research, since the mechanism could be further generalized to be an on-line surveillance system to automatically monitor a variety of emerging/notifiable infectious diseases (ENID), such as SARS and avian influenza (bird flu), if health IC cards were nationally distributed.

PMC4379565_276

Importantly, sequence data can be retrieved as a DNA alignment.

Pre-made, manually optimized alignments are also provided in a variety of flavors.

Synonymous/non-synonymous substitution analysis for all genes and proteins is available.

PMC7088905_16

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Usually, waste generated from domestic, commercial, institutional and industrial sectors; and municipal services are included in MSW (Srivastava et al. 2015).

MSW can be treated as renewable resource for a variety of valuable products.

PMC7124627_119

It has been shown that oxidative stress, which mainly arises from hyperglycemia, is implicated in the development of diabetic complications and there are several pathways for the production of free oxygen radicals in the presence of high glucose concentrations [17].

These slight differences in HNE between GMD and normal placentas could indicated that the level of oxidative stress in GDM women is partially controlled by diet.

Therefore, an impaired antioxidant system may also play a significant role in the occurrence of oxidant stress in GDM as it has been demonstrated [16], [19].

PMC7382558_71

Stable tumors are given a low progression score and no points are added for responding tumors.

Patients unable to tolerate neoadjuvant endocrine therapy should be followed closely and undergo surgery for progression.

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PMC7500723_32

However, sequences from other South Asian countries like Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and Bhutan were not available on the NCBI gene bank.

In this study, we have studied nine sequences of SARS-CoV-2 to construct the molecular evolutionary model based on their phylogenetic analysis and to explore the possible mutations while the spread of the infections in the SAARC regions.

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PMC5618002_169

To further explore the mechanism of IRE1α-mediated JNK activation, we examined the effect of wild-type IRE1α and IRE1KA on JNK activation and showed that both viral replication, and JNK phosphorylation were suppressed in IRE1KA (Figure 4F).

We further examined the effect of the combination of APY29 and STF-083010 on JNK signaling activation and showed that the treatment of cells with these two drugs significantly inhibited the virus-induced JNK activation, and the viral replication (Figure 4G).

Taken together, the evidences suggest that the kinase activity of IRE1α is involved in the regulation of HSV-1 replication through JNK signaling pathway.

PMC5965884_79

In the present study, we found that the concentrations of Ang II and NA were increased in serum of HFMD cases with mild or severe symptoms.

Increasing concentrations of Ang II and NA in tissue lysates of mice were also determined during EV71 infection.

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PMC7172238_41

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Although the immune system returns to pre-exercise levels within a few hours after the exercise session is over, each session may represent an improvement in immune surveillance that reduces the risk of infection over the long term.

Other exercise-immune related benefits include enhanced antibody-specific responses to vaccinations.

PMC7087870_15

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Although the exact causes and mechanisms of IBD have not been completely elucidated, the prevailing hypothesis of IBD pathogenesis is that the disease occurs in genetically susceptible individuals as the result of a complex interaction among environmental factors, microbial factors, and the intestinal immune system [2–4].

Furthermore, accumulated evidence indicates that an inappropriate and persistent immune response is central to the development of both major types of IBD [5–8].

PMC7282679_83

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Nsp12 is thought to be a primary target of nucleotide analogues such as remdesvir (antiviral inhibitor), which has the ability to treat SARS-CoV-2 viral infection.[40] A cryo EM structure of NSP12 with remdesvir is reported in complex with triphosphate form of remdesvir, NSP-7 and NSP-8 (PDB I. D. 7BV2, 2.9-Å resolution),[41] in presence and absence of DTT.[39]

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PMC7089545_93

We speculate that all of the above factors might have contributed to PHEV infection and clinical signs.

Moreover, the antibody titers of other pathogens including porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Pasteurella multocida, Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia, and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae from these farms were low and uneven, possibly due to poor health management.

Hence, without maintenance of a high and consistent antibody titer, the immune state of pigs could be unstable, increasing their susceptibility to infectious diseases.

PMC7076563_155

Depletion of αSNAP triggers apoptosis in epithelial cells by reducing the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2.

Depletion of αSNAP in p53 null or Bax null cells still results in apoptosis, indicating that the anti-apoptotic function is independent of p53 and Bax.

Interestingly, αSNAP depletion induces apoptosis independent of the cleavage of Golgi proteins such as GRASP65, golgin-160, and p115 but rather by dysregulation of ER-Golgi vesicle cycling and possibly through ER stress (Naydenov et al. 2012).

PMC7321027_75

In these studies, the proteins of COVID-19 virus that have an essential role in virulence of the virus was selected and then its antigenic properties was examined.

After the antigenic analysis of these proteins, goal proteins such as S or N proteins were selected for final analysis.

The Immune Epitope Database or IEDB that contains a huge collection of experimental data on T-cell epitopes was used for the prediction of epitope of helper T-cell based on their percentile rank and the median inhibitory concentration (IC50) values.

PMC3232237_85

The results showed that the titer of the eluted phages was increased gradually (data not shown).

After the last panning, twelve phage clones that were able to bind to BRV were identified by ELISA, in contrast, the control phages had a negligible binding ability to this virus (Figure 1).

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PMC7124627_133

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The increased apo D expression in the placenta from diabetic pregnancies may indicate an increased need for the apo D function and an exit in its role.

Hence, the enhanced expression of apo D in the villous chorion of GDM placentas may indicate an activation of an adaptive placental mechanism to maintenance of oxidative stress status.

PMC4702317_65

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Several other potentially useful roles of the BAL were recently entertained.

It has been shown that BAL samples from some AEX-IPF patients have increased level of pepsin [14] and that treatment with proton pomp inhibitors might have a role in the prevention of exacerbations in these selected patients [15].

PMC7306821_144

In fact, given PLD2’s equilibrium between GM1 and PIP2 rafts, decreasing the longevity of GM1 rafts is likely a significant in vivo condition that shifts PLD2 to interact more with PIP2.

Similarly, transient signaling is speculated in cell growth and differentiation (59).

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PMC5406993_83

The RNA binding protein family of hnRNPs includes many multifunctional proteins with a regulatory role in the gene expression and the post transcriptional modification [41].

With the availability of lincRNA-Cox2 knockout mouse [42], further research is required to clarify the mechanisms of lincRNA-Cox2 in the immune responses.

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PMC7393991_29

Kertzman et al. (2018) used the performance on the Go/NoGo task, the Matching Familiar Figures Test (MFFT), and the Stroop task as indicator of inhibition ability and used the Iowa task performance as an indicator of risk and found no direct correlation between the two (Kertzman et al., 2018).

They suggested that although there is some overlap between inhibitory control and the cognitive processing of risky decision-making, they may represent two relatively independent abilities.

This may have something to do with the limitations of the Iowa gambling task itself.

PMC7266469_27

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The provision of more handwashing and sanitization opportunities at the NICU and refresher training of staff on IPC practices is one positive impact likely to emanate from this pandemic.

This will be key in our efforts to reduce health care associated infections even beyond the pandemic.

PMC7152052_68

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Plastics, combining low cost with good mechanical properties and easy processability, are widely used to prepare biomedical devices and food packaging, in which sometimes, antibacterial properties are essential.

To obtain plastics with antibacterial properties, there are three general approaches, as shown in Fig.5.7 .

PMC7194633_17

How should we protect our BTS staffs who are obligated to work in close proximity to the apparently healthy blood donors?

How do we plan the duty-hours of our BTS staff in the wake of this pandemic when fear and anxiety are genuine among the healthcare workers?

What could be the short and long-term implications of the reduced collections on our services?

PMC4342793_170

Furthermore, Ali et al. [40] previously classified two Chinese isolates collected in 2001 as belonging to the Northern French genotypic group (G1).

Future studies will focus on comparative sequence analysis between the PST isolates reported herein and global isolates of PST to determine the specific geographic origin(s) for this diverse PST population in the UK.

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PMC7443718_15

This requires governments to publish that evidence base, as well as the need for some oversight, from, for example, the World Health Organization (WHO), in order to encourage governments to do so.

It is also possible that lobbying from the scientific community hastened the UK publication of their evidence base.5

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PMC4465284_100

For those coronaviruses with respiratory tissue tropism, cell-culture based studies using trypsin likely act as a surrogate for more biologically relevant proteases such as members of the TMPRSS family, which have similar substrate specificities.

A good example of this is SARS-CoV produced in VeroE6 cells where trypsin can override the need for cathepsin-mediated cleavage, and shifts the virus to a low-pH independent route of entry, possibly at the plasma membrane.

As with PEDV, prior binding to the viral receptor is a pre-requisite for SARS-CoV fusion activation (Matsuyama et al., 2005).

PMC7274352_134

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For the future work, we intend to complete the study by adding also necessary conditions and by considering also the Dragonfly and Lower estimation algebras that seem to be more promising for obtaining mild solvability conditions similarly to the case of Sobociński or Bochvar external algebra.

Furthermore, there exist problems derived from the solvability modeling more practically oriented research that are not expected to be so demanding on the conditions such as the solvability itself.

PMC7264590_66

Check for proper inflation and monitor any evidence of cuff leaks.8, 9, 11, 15 Suture the tube to the skin and strap separately.

19 After removing endotracheal tube, place facemask on patient to protect against dispersion should the patient cough.

18 Doffing of PPE and disposal of tools according to institutional protocol.8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19

PMC7439973_14

Starting in China and passing to all the worldwide, a novel virus named COVID-19 outbreaks continuously.

This virus infects the victim with fever and respiratory symptoms such as cough and sore throat.

However, those symptoms do not confirm the infection with COVID-19 [1], so many attempts have been performed to find a tool that confirms if the person infected with COVID-19.

PMC7173591_85

Anecdotal statements that wine ‘cuts through fat’ are legion, but appear to be unsupported by corroborative data.

If this view has a physicochemical basis, the partial fat solubility of ethanol may reduce the oily mouth-feel of fats, as well as limit the activation of taste receptors to fatty acids, but this is no more than speculation.

The acids in wine might also have a similar effect.

PMC7474429_275

However, only minimal titers of virus-neutralizing antibodies were detected at 46 dpi.

Perhaps, PRRSV does not suppress the humoral immune response.

Instead, the virus evades from antibody-mediated neutralization through different mechanisms such as glycan shielding and decoy epitopes [93,94,95].

PMC7173591_479

Action of immune cells in the plaque also induces migration of smooth muscle cells from the artery wall into the intima.

Here they proliferate and produce collagen, forming a fibrous cap over the plaque.

Additional LDLs slowly collect, provoking further rounds of inflammation and plaque enlargement.

PMC7306821_111

However, theoretical estimates of latency based on distance of PLD2 from its substrate suggest a PLD2-dependent latency of ∼650 µs (22), much faster than our application of anesthetic (>10 s).

In membranes that are mechanically disrupted, we have measured a PLD2 latency of TREK-1 activation with an upper limit of 2.1 ms (44); we expect disruption by anesthetic is similar.

PA can also affect membrane curvature and hydrophobic mismatch, and anesthetics can in theory affect these properties or a PLD1-dependent pathway to regulate TREK-1 (45), but in cultured cells these potential mechanisms, if they contribute, appear to be minor compared to the contribution of PLD2 based on xPLD2 inhibition (Fig. 2 A–C).

PMC7385311_2

The present discussion is to bring the focus on various social issues that emerge during outbreak and calls for equal attention as that of other health-care interventions.

These issues are summarized in three categories: first, stigmatization due to lack of knowledge about the source of infection; second, speculations and their consequences around lack of knowledge about transmission; and finally, the concern regarding miscommunication during such a crisis.

Most of these concerns emerge from press and social media coverage of the episode.

PMC7354790_87

However, when the grid size is too large that becomes infeasible to search over all possible combinations, or the grid size is continuous in nature, we need an efficient approach to obtain the adequately good MED, even if it is not optimal.

Thus, we suggest to use our proposed two-step SIB method.

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PMC7461755_81

Education regarding adequate feet hygiene, nail care, appropriate selection of socks and footwear can be imparted over telecommunication and can significantly mitigate the risk of developing DFU.

Further, patients should be provided with detailed information on whom to contact and which hospital to go in case any ulcer complication develops.

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PMC4728566_46

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Having identified the anti-influenza activity of quercetin, we hoped to explore the potential mechanism of its anti-influenza activity.

As Yu et al. [26] reported, one life cycle of the influenza virus was around 8–10 h, and was divided into three steps: virus entry (0–2 h), viral genome replication and translation (2–8 h), and progeny virion release (8–10 h).

PMC7155164_109

The idea is that every individual has a collection of observations and concepts often referred to as knowledge.

This knowledge, often represented as ξ, represents all the beliefs that one has about the world surrounding them, and is often referred to as a priori knowledge, or prior belief (Heckerman, 1998).

This is commonly modeled with the use of conditional probability.

PMC7176293_400

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How are the β-lactamases different from the transpeptidases so that they are able to quickly dispose of the covalently bound ring-opened penicillin?

The release requires a hydrolytic cleavage from the protein.

PMC4810255_23

Orthoreovirus infection in different hosts results in a variety of disease symptoms, including arthritis, pneumonia, neurological disease and acute respiratory illness [22,23,29,30,31].

Some bat-associated viruses in the Orthoreovirus genus, such as Melaka, Kampar and Nelson Bay orthoreoviruses, have been linked to human disease, usually of a respiratory nature and capable of limited human-to-human transmission [22,23,32,33].

Orthoreoviruses are thought to only infect vertebrates, based on the current known host range for the genus.

PMC7106075_161

SMIGA is a typical application instance of KDE Bioscience with a customized web UI.

All annotation tasks and algorithms are managed and executed in the background.

The algorithms are hosted in a distributed computing environment using KDE Bioscience infrastructure, which brings powerful computing capabilities to SMIGA.

PMC7401880_97

First-line therapy for KD includes treatment with high-dose IVIG and aspirin.

Given the highly favorable results in early case series of children with MIS-C who received IVIG, we would also recommend the consideration of IVIG for patients with MIS-C who do not meet KD criteria for possible beneficial immunomodulatory effects, analogous to its use in TSS.

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PMC7158194_2481

Old-dog encephalitis is thought to arise from long-term persistent infection of the CNS with a defective form of CDV.

This pathogenesis has been demonstrated in experimental infections with the CDV.

Although the virus has the same general polypeptide composition and contains all of the major viral proteins as the one causing conventional distemper, some differences among peptides have been reported.

PMC5443454_32

The current status of HLIUs that did not participate in the follow-up survey is unknown.

A decrease in participation from the initial survey to the follow-up could also be due to the longer, more detailed follow-up and could indicate the lack of attention to this area now that the EVD outbreak is over.

The study population was based solely on a list published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (9) and does not include data from other hospitals that similarly tried to strengthen their ability to treat HID patients.

PMC7173479_857

However, because of the shape of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve, the increase in oxygen tension in the normal alveoli caused by the hyperventilation does not increase the oxygen content of the blood coming significantly from these units.

Several factors can exacerbate the hypoxemia of / inequalities, including hypoventilation (sedation) and decrements in cardiac output (mechanical ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure). /

inequalities respond to oxygen therapy, although this may lead to increases in arterial carbon dioxide tension by (1) a reduction of the chemoreceptor (hypoxic) drive, (2) an increase in / inequalities, and (3) a shift in the carboxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the right, decreasing its affinity for carbon dioxide.270 Mechanical ventilation may be indicated in severe / inequalities if hypercapnia is progressive.