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[ "Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.91, "text": "the winner was an American student. In 2009, the prize went to Mor Tzaban, a high school student from Netivot, Israel. In 2012, the first prize winner was another Israeli teenager, Yuval Katzenelson of Kiryat Gat, who presented a paper entitled \"\"Kinetic energy of inert gas in a regenerative system of activated carbon.\"\" The Israeli delegation won 14 more prizes in the competition: 9 Israelis students won second prize, one won third prize and one won fourth prize. First Step to Nobel Prize in Physics The First Step to Nobel Prize in Physics is an annual international competition in research", "title": "First Step to Nobel Prize in Physics" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.73, "text": "in 1929 with Christiaan Eijkman, for discovering the growth-stimulating vitamins. Martin Ryle shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1974 with Cornishman Antony Hewish, the first Nobel prize awarded in recognition of astronomical research. While working at the University of Sussex, Harold Kroto won the 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Richard Smalley and Robert Curl from Rice University in the USA for the discovery of fullerenes. David Mumford is a mathematician known for distinguished work in algebraic geometry and then for research into vision and pattern theory. He won the International Mathematical Union's Fields Medal in 1974 and in", "title": "Sussex" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.42, "text": "theoretical physics and head of the Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of Munich. There were three names on the list: Werner Heisenberg, who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1932, Peter Debye, who would receive the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1936, and Richard Becker - all former students of Sommerfeld. The Munich Faculty was firmly behind these candidates, with Heisenberg as their first choice. However, supporters of \"\"deutsche Physik\"\" and elements in the REM had their own list of candidates and the battle commenced, dragging on for over four years. During this time, Heisenberg came under", "title": "Johannes Juilfs" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.33, "text": "was also awarded the Abel prize. In addition, eight \"\"normaliens\"\" have gone on to receive the Nobel Prize in Physics: Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, Albert Fert, Alfred Kastler, Gabriel Lippmann, Louis Néel, Jean Baptiste Perrin and Serge Haroche, while other ENS physicists include such major figures as Paul Langevin, famous for developing Langevin dynamics and the Langevin equation. Alumnus Paul Sabatier won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. A ranking of universities worldwide based on ratios of alumni to Nobel prize-winners published in 2016 by American scholars Stephen Hsu and Jonathan Wai placed ENS as the first university worldwide, far", "title": "École normale supérieure (Paris)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.19, "text": "science, Ernest Lawrence won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1939. Lars Onsager won the 1968 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Norman Borlaug, father of the Green Revolution, won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970. Christian B. Anfinsen won the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1972. Ivar Giaever won the Nobel Prize in Physics 1973. Carl Richard Hagen is noted for his work in physics. In engineering, Clayton Jacobson II is credited with the invention of the modern personal watercraft. Ole Singstad was a pioneer of underwater tunnels. Ole Evinrude invented the first outboard motor with practical commercial application, recognizable today", "title": "Norwegian Americans" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.08, "text": "the discovery of x-rays by physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, first winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics, in 1895. Röntgen's discovery, which he dubbed a \"\"new kind of ray\"\", is regarded as the university's greatest intellectual achievement, and, simultaneously, a scientific development of huge global import. Röntgen's successors, namely Wilhelm Wien, Johannes Stark and the chemists Emil Fischer and Eduard Buchner, also number among the succession of Nobel Prize winners to lecture at the university, a tradition which endures in the modern-day example of Klaus von Klitzing. After World War II, the free state of Bavaria invested a fortune in", "title": "University of Würzburg" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.95, "text": "had no bearing on Marconi's claim as the first to achieve radio transmission, just that since Marconi's claim to certain patented improvements were questionable, the company could not claim infringement on those same patents. On 6 November 1915, a Reuters news agency report from London had the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics awarded to Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla; however, on 15 November, a Reuters story from Stockholm stated the prize that year was being awarded to Sir William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg \"\"for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays.\"\" There were", "title": "Nikola Tesla" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.91, "text": "Kailash Satyarthi from India and Malala Yousafzai from Pakistan were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize \"\"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education\"\". Sir C.V. Raman is the first Asian to get a Nobel prize in Sciences. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics \"\"for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him\"\". Japan has won the most Nobel Prizes of any Asian nation with 24 followed by India which has won 13. Amartya Sen, (born 3 November 1933)", "title": "Asia" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.84, "text": "on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death. The first Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded in 1901 to Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, of the Netherlands, \"\"for his discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions.\"\" From 1901 to 2018, the award has been bestowed on a total of 180 individuals. Alfred Nobel stipulated in his last will and testament that his money be used to create a series of prizes for those who confer the \"\"greatest benefit on mankind\"\" in physics, chemistry, peace, physiology or medicine, and literature. Though Nobel wrote several wills during", "title": "Nobel Prize in Chemistry" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.78, "text": "the newly organized University of Chicago. In 1898, he noted the Gibbs phenomenon in Fourier analysis on a mechanical computer that was constructed by him. In 1907, Michelson had the honor of being the first American to receive a Nobel Prize in Physics \"\"for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid\"\". He also won the Copley Medal in 1907, the Henry Draper Medal in 1916 and the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1923. A crater on the Moon is named after him. Michelson died in Pasadena, California at the", "title": "Albert A. Michelson" } ]

[ "May 18, 2018" ]

[ { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.62, "text": "January, the film's release was moved up to May 18, 2018. In February 2018, Terry Crews was revealed to have a role in the film, the character Shatterstar was confirmed to be appearing, and the production returned to Vancouver for six days of reshoots under a new working title, \"\"Daisy\"\". Some reports emerged by mid-March claiming that these reshoots were due to poor audience responses during test screenings of the film, and consisted of sweeping changes. However, the film was soon confirmed to be testing better than the original did, up to 98 out of 100 over three different tests", "title": "Deadpool 2" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.5, "text": "worldwide financial success earning in excess of $2 billion. Soon after, 20th Century Fox released \"\"Deadpool 2\"\" on May 18, 2018 which proved a major success in both regards itself In addition, the long awaited sequel for the Academy Award winning animated film \"\"The Incredibles\"\", \"\"Incredibles 2\"\", had its wide release on June 15, 2018 met with considerable critical praise and earned $182.68 million on its premiere weekend. The next superhero film In the Marvel Universe \"\"Ant-Man and the Wasp\"\" was released on July 6, with competing studios declining to release major films on American Independence Day in the face", "title": "Superhero film" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.42, "text": "Tim Miller. The R-rated film was released on February 12, 2016. Its opening weekend was the highest grossing of all time for R-Rated films, and it went on to gross more than $780 million worldwide. The team's next project, sci-fi thriller \"\"Life\"\", was released in March 2017. The film was directed by Daniel Espinosa, produced by Skydance, and through Sony Pictures, with Ryan Reynolds, Jake Gyllenhaal, and Rebecca Ferguson starring. They wrote \"\"Deadpool 2\"\" in 2018, which like its predecessor was released to positive reviews. Wernick and Reese were announced as the co-screenwriters of the feature film adaptation of \"\"Cowboy", "title": "Paul Wernick" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.33, "text": "footage was leaked online in July 2014, and was met with an overwhelmingly enthusiastic response. That September, Fox gave \"\"Deadpool\"\" a release date of February 12, 2016. Production was set to begin in March 2015, with Simon Kinberg joining as producer. Reynolds attributed Fox's green-lighting of the film entirely to the leak. He, Miller and the writers had previously discussed leaking the footage themselves, and Reynolds initially thought that Miller had done so. He later believed the leak came from someone at Fox. In exchange for being able to make the film the way they wanted, Fox gave the crew", "title": "Deadpool (film)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.3, "text": "at the convention moderated by Soni and featuring other cast members. Some of the scenes cut from the theatrical version of the film were debuted at the panel. At the end of September 2018, Fox announced that it would release an untitled \"\"Deadpool\"\" film in theaters on December 21. The studio suggested that press and fans \"\"guess away\"\" as to what this new film would be, but it was believed to be a re-cut version of \"\"Deadpool 2\"\" that would carry a PG-13 rating rather than being R-rated like the initial theatrical release. Reynolds hinted that the version of the", "title": "Deadpool 2" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.25, "text": "direct the adaptation. Lauren Shuler Donner and Matthew Vaughn will produce. On December 3, 2013, Rob Liefeld confirmed that Cable and Deadpool would be appearing in the film. The film was planned to be released sometime in the year 2017. A piece of concept art shows Cable, Domino, Warpath, Cannonball, and Feral as members of the team. After the release of \"\"Deadpool\"\", Reynolds felt that Deadpool would soon be in an \"\"X-Force\"\" film, and Kinberg stated that there was potential for \"\"X-Force\"\" to be R-rated like \"\"Deadpool\"\" in contrast to the PG-13 \"\"mainline X-Men movies\"\". Bryan Singer has stated in", "title": "X-Force" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.12, "text": "being blocked in China during this initial release, \"\"Deadpool\"\" eventually premiered in the country during the 2018 Beijing International Film Festival, which ran over a week from April 15–22. The original version of the film played at the festival without any edits being made specifically for Chinese censors. \"\"Deadpool\"\" was released for digital download on April 26, 2016, moved up from the physical home media release, which came on May 10. The latter release, for Blu-ray and DVD, included behind-the-scenes featurettes, deleted scenes, a blooper reel, and two audio commentaries: one by Tim Miller and Deadpool co-creator Rob Liefeld, and", "title": "Deadpool (film)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.11, "text": "was written by Reese and Wernick and played in front of \"\"Logan\"\". \"\"Deadpool 2\"\" was released on May 18, 2018, with Baccarin, T. J. Miller, Uggams, Hildebrand, and Kapičić all returning. Josh Brolin joined them as Cable. The film explores the team X-Force, which includes Deadpool and Cable. In March 2017, Reese said that a future film focused on that group would be separate from \"\"Deadpool 3\"\", \"\"so I think we'll be able to take two paths. [\"\"X-Force\"\"] is where we're launching something bigger, but then [\"\"Deadpool 3\"\" is] where we're contracting and staying personal and small.\"\" After the acquisition", "title": "Deadpool (film)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.06, "text": "discussions had begun regarding ideas for a sequel to \"\"Deadpool\"\", which was set to be released in February 2016. One idea was for the film to introduce the character Cable, who had previously been looked at to appear in the first \"\"Deadpool\"\", and \"\"\"\" (2014) before that. Cable's inclusion in the potential sequel was confirmed by the character Deadpool while breaking the fourth wall in the post-credit scene of the first film. Domino, a character with connections to Cable in the comics, was also believed to be featured in the sequel. By the first film's release, 20th Century Fox had", "title": "Deadpool 2" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.06, "text": "first film, although a feeling of cynicism drew some criticism. An extended edition was released in August 2018, and a re-cut, PG-13 version of the film titled \"\"Once Upon a Deadpool\"\" was released theatrically in December 2018. A sequel, \"\"Deadpool 3\"\", is in development. After successfully working as the mercenary Deadpool for two years, Wade Wilson fails to kill one of his targets on his anniversary with Vanessa, his girlfriend. That night, after the pair decide to start a family together, the target tracks Wilson down and kills Vanessa. Wilson kills the man in revenge. He blames himself for her", "title": "Deadpool 2" } ]

[ "Olivia", "MFSK" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.17, "text": "above. Continuous wave (CW) is on-and-off keying of a carrier, used for Morse code communications and Hellschreiber facsimile-based teleprinter transmissions. It is a data mode, although often listed separately. Radioteletype, fax, digital, slow-scan television, and other systems use forms of frequency-shift keying or audio subcarriers on a shortwave carrier. These generally require special equipment to decode, such as software on a computer equipped with a sound card. Note that on modern computer-driven systems, digital modes are typically sent by coupling a computer's sound output to the SSB input of a radio. Some established users of the shortwave radio bands may", "title": "Shortwave radio" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.09, "text": "or more stages of a superheterodyne receiver with digital signal processing for filtering, demodulation or other processing. A well equipped shortwave radio receiver can receive CW and SSB modes in addition to the AM mode traditionally used by broadcasters. Some modern shortwave radio receivers can receive digital radio signals. Some receivers only tune within frequency bands allocated by international agreement. This may be necessary in some countries where restrictive laws prevent persons from listening to non-broadcast stations. Others offer continuous tuning over the whole shortwave frequency range, allowing the user to listen to amateur radio, marine, air, and utility stations", "title": "Shortwave radio receiver" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.92, "text": "for Windows, Apple (OSX), Linux, and FreeBSD systems. The mode used most often on VOA Radiogram, for both text and images, is MFSK32, but other modes are occasionally transmitted. Broadcasts were made via the Edward R. Murrow transmitting station in North Carolina on the following schedule: Due to the retirement of Dr. Kim Andrew Elliott from VOA and the decision of VOA to not replace his role with the program, VOA Radiogram program's final airing was on June 17-18, 2017, however Elliott will be continuing to air Radiograms via commercial shortwave stations under the name of \"\"Shortwave Radiogram.\"\" Radiogram (message)", "title": "Radiogram (message)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.72, "text": "to 27.995 MHz portion, AM and FM mode, with two overlapping sets of 40 channels (27.60125 to 27.99125 MHz in 10 kHz steps, and 27.605 to 27.995 MHz in 10 kHz steps). These transmissions are usually rebroadcasts of church services and can sometimes be heard hundreds or even thousands of km (miles). Part of the 11 m/27 MHz band was also allocated in many countries for early-model cordless phones. In the US and Canada, as well as the Americas (ITU Region 2) as a whole, there are no pre-designated HF allocations for military use. Similar rules exist in Europe, where", "title": "Shortwave bands" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.69, "text": "digital shortwave broadcasts using DRM can cover the same geographic region with much less transmitter power — roughly one-fifth — than traditional AM mode broadcasts, significantly reducing the electricity cost of operating a station. A traditional AM (analog) international shortwave station can have a power rating of 50 kilowatts to as much as one million watts per transmitter, with typical power levels in the 50–500 kilowatt range. Endorsed by the ITU, it has been approved as an international standard for digital broadcasts on the HF (shortwave) bands. A DRM broadcast rivals FM mono quality and can also send graphic images", "title": "Shortwave listening" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.06, "text": "systems. Radio modem communication on UHF and VHF frequencies are widely used for short and long range communication within ITS. Short-range communications of 350 m can be accomplished using IEEE 802.11 protocols, specifically WAVE or the Dedicated Short Range Communications standard being promoted by the Intelligent Transportation Society of America and the United States Department of Transportation. Theoretically, the range of these protocols can be extended using Mobile ad hoc networks or Mesh networking. Longer range communications have been proposed using infrastructure networks such as WiMAX (IEEE 802.16), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), or 3G. Long-range communications using these", "title": "Intelligent transportation system" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.88, "text": "necessary. ALLISS is only used by well funded broadcasting and telecommunications operations that intend to use the modules over their design lifespan of 50–60 years. ALLISS allows a broadcaster to change the following shortwave transmission parameters at any time: direction (azimuths from 0 to 360 degrees, rate: ~1 deg / 6 sec), broadcast frequency, and antenna configuration (i.e.: HR 4/4/1 -> HR 6/4/1). All of these transmission mode changes can take effect in as little as 5 minutes. This flexibility can allow a broadcaster to redirect the entire shortwave transmission network to a strategically important target area in as little", "title": "ALLISS" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 20.81, "text": "of HF propagation and interference, however modern digital modes, such as MFSK, use Forward Error Correction to provide much better data reliability. Principally, the primary users are those who need robust shortwave communications. Examples are: One regular service is WLO, transmitting weather information from the United States in English, using ITA-2, with an intended audience of ocean-going vessels and those concerned with them: Another regular service transmitting RTTY meteorological information is the German Meteorological Service (Deutscher Wetterdienst or DWD). The DWD regularly transmit two programs on various frequencies on LF and HF in standard RTTY (ITA-2 alphabet). The list of", "title": "Radioteletype" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.81, "text": "underlying modem include: The software is also utilized by some organizations for both routine and disaster/emergency relief services. Following the successful tests by the Voice of America's VOA Radiogram program, international and government shortwave broadcasters began testing and experimenting with digital data over shortwave broadcast channels using the Fldigi software. These tests led to regular weekly digital broadcasts by the broadcasters listed below. The Fldigi suite of programs has become popular within the U.S. Army and U.S. Air Force Military Auxiliary Radio System. Fldigi is used as the underlying modem for the PSKmail project . PSK Mail allows users to", "title": "Fldigi" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.78, "text": "transmission systems such as BPSK where the signal is continually present. If part of one sideband and all of the other remain, it is called vestigial sideband, used mostly with television broadcasting, which would otherwise take up an unacceptable amount of bandwidth. Transmission in which only one sideband is transmitted is called single-sideband modulation or SSB. SSB is the predominant voice mode on shortwave radio other than shortwave broadcasting. Since the sidebands are mirror images, which sideband is used is a matter of convention. In SSB, the carrier is suppressed, significantly reducing the electrical power (by up to 12dB) without", "title": "Sideband" } ]

[ "till September" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.25, "text": "south atlantic ocean, locally known as the south western wind, or by its main name, The Tropical Maritime (MT) airmass. These two major wind systems in Nigeria are known as the trade winds. The tropical maritime airmass (MT) is responsible for Nigeria's rainy season. This wind (the tropical maritime airmass) invades the country from February in the southern part of Nigeria while it takes longer for the wind to fully cover the whole of the country, reaching the northern part of Nigeria in June. Its invasion is as a result of the northward retreat, of the tropical continental airmass (CT)", "title": "Geography of Nigeria" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.42, "text": "The dry season is accompanied by a dust laden airmass from the Sahara Desert, locally known as Harmattan, or by its main name, The Tropical Continental (CT) airmass, while the rainy season is heavily influenced by an airmass originating from the south Atlantic Ocean, locally known as the south west wind, or by its main name, The Tropical Maritime (MT) airmass. These two major wind systems in Nigeria are known as the trade winds. The region Onikwu/Ndoni is flood prone communities, this is because the inland part of Rivers state consists of tropical rainforest; towards the coast the typical Niger", "title": "Onikwu" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.98, "text": "northern end is south of the 15 degrees line at about 14 degrees. Nigeria's location in the wetter part of the easterly waves south of the 15 degree line creates wetter climatic conditions for Nigeria especially during the monsoons. The Tropical Continental Airmass (CT) locally known as the harmattan, is a wind originating from North Africa which crosses the Sahara Desert into west Africa to Nigeria. This airmass dominates Nigeria's climate during the dry season from December to March. The Tropical continental airmass is dusty and creates a haze within the atmosphere of west Africa and Nigeria when it predominates.", "title": "Geography of Nigeria" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.86, "text": "airmass (CT) in turn, causes the wind to expand and become lighter as this is the normal behaviour for winds moving above intensely heated grounds. The Tropical continental airmass (CT) loses its strength as a major airmass in the region of west Africa and over Nigeria at this time (around February in the southern part of Nigeria to June in northern Nigeria) and begins to retreat coupled with the rising of air in form of convection within this airmass (Tropical continental airmass (CT)), further weakening the dominance of the wind over west Africa and Nigeria. The Tropical continental airmass (CT)", "title": "Geography of Nigeria" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.45, "text": "Civil War. Oron is found in the flood plain of South Eastern Nigeria, with the land mainly intersected by numerous streams and tributaries flowing into Cross River. The entire coastline stretches from Uya Oron to Udung Uko. Oron is in the tropical region and has a uniformly high temperature all the year round. The two main seasons are the dry which spans between October and April and wet season which starts around May and ends in September. There are also two prevailing winds – the South-West onshore winds which brings heavy rains and the North- East trade winds blowing across", "title": "Oron people" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.19, "text": "finally retreats from most part of Nigeria, and the West African atmosphere around April to May, leaving an empty atmosphere over Nigeria. The sun's rays enters into the atmosphere of Nigeria more intense than it does during the presence of the Tropical continental airmass, which contained dust (in form of haze) that reduced the intensity of the sun. The overheating of the west Africa land mass and Nigeria in particular creates a low pressure region over west Africa and Nigeria. This low pressure zone attracts the Tropical Maritime Airmass (MT) from the south Atlantic Ocean since areas of low pressures", "title": "Geography of Nigeria" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 18.75, "text": "Operation Tail-Wind Operation Tail-Wind (January 7 – 12, 1970) was the final military conflict between Nigeria and Biafra. The operation took place in the towns of Owerri and Uli, both of which were captured by Nigerian forces. The operation ended with General Odumegwu Ojukwu fleeing to the Ivory Coast and then president of Biafra Philip Effiong surrendering to Olusegun Obasanjo. On May 30, 1967, Odumegwu Ojukwu declared the Republic of Biafra independent from Nigeria. For a month Nigeria claimed that Biafra was a part of Nigeria and it would stay so. It was not until July 6, 1967, when Nigeria", "title": "Operation Tail-Wind" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 18.72, "text": "on 15 January 1966. The fall of the first republic left behind apparent political division between North and South Nigeria. This led to the military governor of south-eastern Nigeria, Colonel Odumegwu Ojukwu, deeming that because of northern massacres and electoral fraud, the Southeast of Nigeria should be an independent state. The independent state became known as the Republic of Biafra. Northern Nigeria opposed the claim of southern secession. The Nigerian government called for police action in the area. The armed forces of Nigeria were sent in to occupy and take back the Republic of Biafra. Nigerian forces seized Biafra in", "title": "History of West Africa" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 18.67, "text": "1st Division soldiers. The truth about Maj. Onwuatuegwu's death is still unsolved. Operation Tail-Wind Operation Tail-Wind (January 7 – 12, 1970) was the final military conflict between Nigeria and Biafra. The operation took place in the towns of Owerri and Uli, both of which were captured by Nigerian forces. The operation ended with General Odumegwu Ojukwu fleeing to the Ivory Coast and then president of Biafra Philip Effiong surrendering to Olusegun Obasanjo. On May 30, 1967, Odumegwu Ojukwu declared the Republic of Biafra independent from Nigeria. For a month Nigeria claimed that Biafra was a part of Nigeria and it", "title": "Operation Tail-Wind" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 18.47, "text": "experiences inward blowing winds because winds are moving air blowing outwards from regions of high pressure to regions of low pressure. The Tropical Maritime Airmass is a warm humid and unstable trade wind due to its warmth. Convectional currents are easily set up within the airmass whenever there is little instability in the airmass as a result of a slight to a very high orographic uplift in mountainous regions like the obudu plateau or the heating of the land which can trigger the formation of cumulonimbus cloud leading to thunderstorms within the airmass. During the dominance of the Tropical Maritime", "title": "Geography of Nigeria" } ]

[ "hit points or health points" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.77, "text": "an enemy general within the same zone). The general with the higher military attack wins in this situation, in which case the general with the lower military attack is placed in the graveyard of that player. In the case of equal military attack, both generals die simultaneously. Characters do not have any hp and they die on impact, similar to Yu-Gi-Oh! TCG. Intelligence attack is usually only used in conjunction with a strategy card. It has no set mechanics instead refers to the strategy card that initiates a strategy attack. On top of the basic statistics, all generals have either", "title": "Generals Order" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 18.91, "text": "to those who plan, approve or execute air or missile operations before rather than after the event. The HPCR Manual is also meant to be used by other segments of armed forces, such as commanders of forces that are receiving these attacks. Needless to say, it is hoped that the HPCR Manual will be used extensively in training and instruction courses in both wartime and peacetime, so as to familiarize prospective users with the patterns of behavior expected of them. The Black-Letter Rules of the \"\"HPCR Manual\"\" are a collective creation of the Group of Experts. The Black-Letter Rules reflect", "title": "HPCR Manual on International Law Applicable to Air and Missile Warfare" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 18.78, "text": "a certain amount of health points (HP) and Ether points (EP). If all HP is depleted, a character is defeated. Turn order is governed by a character's \"\"Agility\"\" statistic. Each character can take a variety of actions, ranging from attacking, performing special attacks called \"\"Arts\"\" and using Ether abilities that each consume EP, using items, taking defensive positions that reduce damage, and escaping the battle. Both the player party and enemies have Break gauges, which fill up when either side successfully lands an attack. When the gauge fills, that character is stunned and cannot act for two turns, in addition", "title": "Xenosaga Episode III" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 18.03, "text": "as the primary means of interstellar communication in the BattleTech universe and operate on worlds throughout inhabited space. HPGs operate on a similar principle as the Kearny-Fuchida jump drive, sending a directional radio transmission instantaneously from one station to another over a distance of up to 50 light years. Though the nature of the technology allows only unidirectional broadcasts, paired HPGs can provide simultaneous bidirectional communication. Given the demand and expense of hyperpulse communication, messages are frequently bundled into batches of hundreds, sent simultaneously. While the transmission itself is nearly instantaneous, it may be days, weeks, or months before a", "title": "BattleTech" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 17.73, "text": "Haltepunkt In Germany, a Haltepunkt (abbreviation: Hp) is a railway facility at which passengers can board or leave trains, i.e. an access point for travellers. In contrast to a railway station, a \"\"Haltepunkt\"\" does not necessarily have railroad switches. There are exceptions, however, if it is locally connected to another service point. The important operational difference is that at a \"\"Haltepunkt\"\" only boarding and disembarking takes place (the train thus only stops), but at railway stations can be shunted or other trains can be awaited. The exact definition depends on national legal and operational provisions, which is why \"\"Haltepunkte\"\" are", "title": "Haltepunkt" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 17.61, "text": "Hungarian People's Army The Hungarian People's Army HPA () was the military of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party and the Hungarian People's Republic from 1951 to 1990. It only saw combat once during its existence, which was assisting the Soviet Union in crushing the Prague Spring. It maintained close ties to the Warsaw Pact along with other Eastern Bloc countries. It dissolved in 1989 and retained its current form through the Hungarian Defence Force. After the 1948 creation of the HPA the allies and the Soviet Union permitted it to have a 65,000 strong Army and an Air Force with", "title": "Hungarian People's Army" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 17.5, "text": "the warhead and fuzing mechanism. The mine's warhead is said to be a \"\"second generation\"\" Misznay Schardin effect design capable of penetrating up to 150 millimeters of armour. In addition it can be laid in up to one and half meters of water. The mine arms itself after an initial delay of ten minutes and self-neutralizes after 30 days. It also incorporates an anti-handling device, which is sensitive to motion and the signals produced by mine detectors. As of 2006, approximately 400,000 HPD-2 series mines have been ordered. The mine is in service with the French Army, and is sold", "title": "HPD series of mines" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 17.47, "text": "Walther HP The Walther HP (Heerespistole) was a pre-war commercial version of what would later become the Walther P 38. About 30,000 Walther HP pistols were produced. The vast majority were chambered in 9×19mm, but several hundred were also produced in .30 Luger and are very rare and desirable today. The Walther HP was exported to Sweden in 1939 where it was adopted as the new service pistol (as Pistol m/39) of the Swedish Armed Forces. At the outbreak of World War II sales of the pistol were stopped after only 1500 pistols had been delivered so the Husqvarna m/40", "title": "Walther HP" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 17.41, "text": "to achieve friendly success (high-payoff target [HPT]). Targeting links the desired effects to actions and tasks. The targeting process can be generally grouped into two categories: deliberate and dynamic. Deliberate targeting prosecutes anticipated or known targets within a given operational area and timeframe, and normally supports the joint force’s future plans effort, which is overseen by the plans directorate of a joint staff (J-5). (Normally, the future operations directorate focuses on 24 hours up to 72 hours. This is a critical linkage during targeting execution.) By contrast, dynamic targeting prosecutes targets that were not included in the deliberate targeting process,", "title": "Targeting (warfare)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 17.34, "text": "train had to report to the station supervisor and passengers who were getting off had to inform the conductor or train driver of their wish at least one station in advance. Haltepunkt In Germany, a Haltepunkt (abbreviation: Hp) is a railway facility at which passengers can board or leave trains, i.e. an access point for travellers. In contrast to a railway station, a \"\"Haltepunkt\"\" does not necessarily have railroad switches. There are exceptions, however, if it is locally connected to another service point. The important operational difference is that at a \"\"Haltepunkt\"\" only boarding and disembarking takes place (the train", "title": "Haltepunkt" } ]

[ "Cyrus" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.22, "text": "John Peters Humphrey John Peters Humphrey, OC (April 30, 1905 – March 14, 1995) was a Canadian legal scholar, jurist, and human rights advocate. He is most famous as the author of the first draft of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Humphrey was born to Frank Humphrey and Nellie Peter on April 30, 1905, in Hampton, New Brunswick. His childhood was touched by tragedy as he lost both his parents to cancer and he also lost one of his arms in an accident while playing with fire. Humphrey attended a boarding school where he endured teasing from other students;", "title": "John Peters Humphrey" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 24.88, "text": "of Iran called it \"\"the world's first charter of human rights\"\". The cylinder was a key symbol of the Shah's political ideology and is still regarded by some commentators as a charter of human rights, despite the disagreement of some historians and scholars. The Cyrus Cylinder was dubbed the \"\"first declaration of human rights\"\" by the pre-Revolution Iranian government, a reading prominently advanced by Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, in a 1967 book, \"\"The White Revolution of Iran\"\". The Shah identified Cyrus as a key figure in government ideology and associated his government with the Achaemenids. He wrote that \"\"the history", "title": "Cyrus Cylinder" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.78, "text": "was widely read with up to 4400 subscribers. It was first in German to publish the declaration of human rights in 1791. In 1793, the government prohibited the publication of the \"\"Staats-Anzeigen\"\". Schlözer was a versatile historian giving lectures on a range of issues including Oliver Cromwell, the Dutch revolution, banks, the French Revolution (already in 1790), luxury, and the history of Germans in Romania, while continuing publishing on Russian history. His \"\"Allgemeine nordische Geschichte\"\" (General northern history), 2 vols. (Halle, 1772) was long considered a reference work on Russian history. He translated the famous Nestor Chronicle to the year", "title": "August Ludwig von Schlözer" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.75, "text": "Drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was drafted from early 1947 to late 1948 by Drafting Committee the first United Nations Commission on Human Rights. Further discussion and amendments were made by the Commission on Human Rights, the Economic and Social Council and the General Assembly of the United Nations. Members of the Commission who contributed significantly to the creation of the Declaration included Canadian John Peters Humphrey of the United Nations Secretariat, Eleanor Roosevelt of the United States (who chaired the Drafting Committee), René Cassin of France, Charles Malik of Lebanon,", "title": "Drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.39, "text": "P. C. Chang of Republic of China (Taiwan), and Hansa Mehta of India among others. While not a member of the drafting committee, the French philosopher Jacques Maritain was influential in the lead up to the drafting of the Universal Declaration, advocacy for it within UNESCO in 1947-8, and in its subsequent advancement. The Drafting Committee included John Peters Humphrey was newly appointed as Director of the Division of Human Rights within the United Nations Secretariat. In this role, he produced the first draft of a list of rights that were to form the basis of the Declaration. The underlying", "title": "Drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.23, "text": "Rights. After consulting with the executive group of the Commission, chaired by Eleanor Roosevelt, Professor Humphrey prepared the first preliminary draft of what was to become the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. On the night of December 10, 1948, the General Assembly unanimously adopted the Declaration, dubbed by Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt as \"\"the international Magna Carta of all humankind.\"\" Humphrey remained with the UN for 20 years. During this period, the oversaw the implementation of 67 international conventions and the constitutions of dozens of countries. He worked in areas including the freedom of the press, status of women, and racial", "title": "John Peters Humphrey" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.2, "text": "formed the Ligue des droits de l'homme (LDH, \"\"Human Rights League\"\"), of which Trarieux was proclaimed President and entrusted with the drawing up of its statutes. On 4 July 1898 the first manifesto of the League of Human Rights proclaimed: \"\"from this day, anyone whose liberty is threatened or whose rights are violated can be ensured of obtaining help and assistance from us\"\". On 20 August 1898, after the humiliating arrest of Dreyfus supporter Colonel Georges Picquart, found \"\"guilty – of having denounced the Henry forgery\"\", on the orders of Jacques Cavaignac, the War Minister, Trarieux wrote another open letter", "title": "Ludovic Trarieux" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.06, "text": "Child Welfare Charter, and was the first human rights document approved by an inter-governmental institution. It was reaffirmed by the League in 1934. Heads of State and Government pledged to incorporate its principles in domestic legislation. In France, it was ordered to be displayed in every school. The original document, in the archives of the city of Geneva, carries the signatures of various international delegates, including Jebb, Janusz Korczak, and Gustave Ador, a former President of the Swiss Confederation. After considering a number of options, including that of drafting an entirely new declaration, the United Nations resolved in 1946 to", "title": "Declaration of the Rights of the Child" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.8, "text": "Pengchun’s role in drafting United Nations’ the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. Zhang Pengchun (1892-1957) studied with John Dewey and got his Ph.D. from Columbia University and was the first Provost of Tsinghua University in 1923. He was the only Vice Chairman of the Commission on Human Rights (with Eleanor Roosevelt as the Chairman) in drafting the Universal Declaration, especially in inserting the Chinese concept “Ren” (, two men). Zhang initially translated “Ren” as two men mindedness, because “two men mindedness” is considered as too awkward, thus “conscience” was used in the final text of the Preamble of", "title": "Cui Zhiyuan" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.75, "text": "of International Law), Robert Redslob spoke of the right to the homeland in connection with the right to self-determination in \"\"Le principe des nationalités\"\". Georges Scelle in Belgium, Felix Ermacora in Austria, Alfred de Zayas in the United States, and Christian Thomuschat and Dieter Blumenwitz in Germany are amongst those who have written extensively on the subject. The first United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Jose Ayala Lasso of Ecuador affirmed this right, which is reflected in the 13-point Declaration appended to the Final Report on \"\"Human Rights and Population Transfers\"\". Heimat Heimat () is a German word translating", "title": "Heimat" } ]

[ "Xiu Li Dai", "Dai Xiuli", "Dai Yongge", "Yongge Dai" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 27.88, "text": "Anton Zingarevich Anton Zingarevich (Russian: Антон Зингаревич) is a Russian businessman best known for being the former owner of Reading Football Club, who play in the English Championship. Zingarevich's bid to take over the club was announced in January 2012, and he formally purchased the club on 29 May 2012. Since then, Zingarevich has had minimum interest in the running of the club, however did make the decision to sack manager Brian McDermott, and the subsequent employment of Nigel Adkins. Zingarevich is the son of Boris Zingarevich, a Russian multi-billionaire. At the age of 16, Zingarevich began education at Bearwood", "title": "Anton Zingarevich" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 27.53, "text": "The couple married in late 2009 and had a child. Anton Zingarevich Anton Zingarevich (Russian: Антон Зингаревич) is a Russian businessman best known for being the former owner of Reading Football Club, who play in the English Championship. Zingarevich's bid to take over the club was announced in January 2012, and he formally purchased the club on 29 May 2012. Since then, Zingarevich has had minimum interest in the running of the club, however did make the decision to sack manager Brian McDermott, and the subsequent employment of Nigel Adkins. Zingarevich is the son of Boris Zingarevich, a Russian multi-billionaire.", "title": "Anton Zingarevich" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 26.8, "text": "2016–17 season. Cherwell Software took sponsorship of the back of the home shirt for the 2017–18 season while Euro Cake sponsored the back of the away shirt again for the third consecutive season. Reading Football Club ownership structure: 75% Owned by Renhe Sports Management Ltd, 100% owned by Xiu Li Dai and Yongge Dai. 25% Owned by Narin Niruttinanon Reading F.C. Directors: Xiu Li Dai, Yongge Dai, Narin Niruttinanon, Nigel Howe As of 1 July 2018, the following players are those in the senior squad who are under 18. <br> Reading hold the record for the number of successive league", "title": "Reading F.C." }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.12, "text": "Thames Valley Royals proposal Shortly before the end of the 1982–83 Football League season, Robert Maxwell, the then-owner and chairman of Oxford United Football Club, announced that he had made a deal with the owners of nearby Reading to amalgamate the two teams to create a new club he proposed to name \"\"Thames Valley Royals\"\". This appellation combined a loose term for the geographical region, \"\"Thames Valley\"\", with the Reading team's nickname, \"\"the Royals\"\". With each team having financial problems, Maxwell claimed that both were on the verge of going out of business and that uniting them was necessary for", "title": "Thames Valley Royals proposal" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.12, "text": "Grzegorz Rasiak scoring Reading's goal, and Jobi McAnuff and Brynjar Gunnarsson also playing a part. Watford Football Club is owned by the holding company \"\"Watford Leisure Plc\"\" (LSE: WFC). Its 2008–09 financial year ran from 1 July 2008 until 30 June 2009. The company released its audited accounts and annual report on 6 November 2009. It included details of the club's major shareholders, showing that Fordwat Limited—the investment company of Michael Ashcroft—owned 37.16% of Watford Leisure, Valley Grown Salads (VGS)—owned by Watford Leisure directors Jimmy and Vince Russo—held a 29.98% stake, and that previous Watford chairman Graham Simpson had a", "title": "2009–10 Watford F.C. season" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.98, "text": "club announced that Thai businessman Sumrith Thanakarnjanasuth, formerly a member of the owning consortium at rivals Reading, had become the new owner of the club. Thanakarnjanasuth appointed Karl Robinson as the club's permanent manager on 22 March 2018. Robinson had to wait five games for his first win, but his aim of retaining the club's League One status was achieved with three wins from the last five games of the season. The club finished in 16th place on 56 points, six points above the relegation zone. United were eliminated by lower-league opposition in the opening rounds of the League Cup", "title": "2017–18 Oxford United F.C. season" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.34, "text": "Gloucester City until March. After months of speculation and nearly half a year since the full takeover of the club by Anton Zingarevich was due to be completed, Chairman Sir John Madejski confirmed that he was looking for new owners as Zingarevich was no longer involved. The first game of the month was a home tie against Yeovil Town which ended 1–1 despite the visitors being reduced to eight men when Byron Webster, Joe Ralls and Kieffer Moore were all sent off in the second half. Having fallen behind to a Shane Duffy header, Reading missed the chance to equalise", "title": "2013–14 Reading F.C. season" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.33, "text": "in October 2018 which could see the team become \"\"East Hull\"\" the following season, as well as considering a relocation to Dunswell Park on the northern edge of Hull. Shortly before the end of the 1982–83 Football League season, Robert Maxwell, the then-owner and chairman of Oxford United Football Club, announced that he had made a deal with the owners of nearby Reading to amalgamate the two teams to create a new club he proposed to name \"\"Thames Valley Royals\"\". This appellation combined a loose term for the geographical region, \"\"Thames Valley\"\", with the Reading team's nickname, \"\"the Royals\"\". With", "title": "Relocation of sports teams in the United Kingdom" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.08, "text": "League team. While Maxwell was able to keep his stakes in Derby, Oxford and Reading under a grandfather clause, the new rules prevented him from adding Watford to his football empire. He grudgingly accepted this. He retained his football club shares until his mysterious death in November 1991, when he apparently fell off his yacht near the Canary Islands. Thames Valley Royals proposal Shortly before the end of the 1982–83 Football League season, Robert Maxwell, the then-owner and chairman of Oxford United Football Club, announced that he had made a deal with the owners of nearby Reading to amalgamate the", "title": "Thames Valley Royals proposal" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.95, "text": "team then announced their second coming in October 2010 as Kochi Eagles Football Club and made it clear that they have great plans to make history in keeping with their lineage. The team is now owned by Ziqitza Sports Management Pvt Ltd. Eagles F.C. entered into an agreement with Reading F.C. in April 2013 where Reading would send coaches and identify players for training at the Madejski Stadium in Reading. The aim is to identify young talent from Kochi in the age group around 13 and take at least one of the best to play in the Premier League by", "title": "Eagles F.C." } ]

[ "February 1, 2018" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.14, "text": "announced that Scandal would air nine episodes in the fall with the fall finale to air on November 19, 2015, just like the rest of ABC's primetime lineup \"\"TGIT\"\" \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" and \"\"How To Get Away with Murder\"\", which was the same last year. The remaining 12 episodes will air after the winter break, beginning on February 11, 2016, as a result of ABC airing the television miniseries \"\"Madoff\"\" over two nights on February 3–4, 2016 in the same time-slot as \"\"Scandal\"\" and \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\". The show was renewed by ABC for a sixth season on March 3, 2016. Shonda", "title": "Scandal (season 5)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24, "text": "the sixth season was reduced from 22 to 16 episodes. During ABC's annual upfront presentation in May, it was announced that \"\"Scandal\"\" will premiere during midseason, following a fall run of the new series \"\"Notorious\"\". Production began on July 13, 2016, with director and executive producer Tom Verica announcing that the crew was scouting for filming locations. The table read for the premiere was on July 26, 2016, with filming starting soon after. On February 10, 2017, ABC announced that the series had been renewed for a seventh season. On May 10, 2017, ABC announced that the seventh season would", "title": "Scandal (TV series)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.92, "text": "was announced on October 30, 2014, where it was announced that \"\"Scandal\"\" would air nine episodes in the fall with the fall finale to air on November 20, 2014, just like the rest of ABC's primetime lineup \"\"TGIT\"\" \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" and \"\"How To Get Away with Murder\"\". The remaining 13 episodes aired after the winter break, beginning on January 29, 2015, and ending with the season finale on May 14, 2015. \"\"Scandal\"\" was renewed for a fifth season on May 7, 2015, by ABC. The series will continue to air at Thursdays in the timeslot 9:00 p.m. E.T. like the", "title": "Scandal (TV series)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.75, "text": "announced on October 30, 2014, where it was announced that \"\"Scandal\"\" would air nine episodes in the fall with the fall finale to air on November 20, 2014, just like the rest of ABC's primetime lineup \"\"TGIT\"\" \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" and \"\"How To Get Away with Murder\"\". The remaining 13 episodes aired after the winter break, beginning on January 29, 2015, and ending with the season finale on May 14, 2015. The show was renewed by ABC for a fifth season, on May 7, 2015. Production started at the beginning of July, as Rhimes tweeted that the writers were hard at", "title": "Scandal (season 4)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.5, "text": "Scandal (season 6) The sixth season of the American television drama series \"\"Scandal\"\" was ordered on March 3, 2016 by ABC. It began airing on January 26, 2017 in the United States on ABC. The season includes the 100th episode of the series, being the tenth episode of this season. The season was produced by ABC Studios, in association with ShondaLand Production Company; the showrunner being Shonda Rhimes. The season continues the story of Olivia Pope's crisis management firm, Olivia Pope & Associates, and its employees, as well as staff at the White House in Washington, D.C. Season six had", "title": "Scandal (season 6)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.27, "text": "Scandal (season 7) The seventh and final season of the American television drama series \"\"Scandal\"\" was ordered on February 10, 2017 by ABC. It was later announced that the seventh season would be the final season for \"\"Scandal\"\". The season began airing on October 5, 2017, and consisted of 18 episodes, adding the total episode count of the show to 124 episodes. Cast member George Newbern was upgraded to a series regular after being a recurring cast member for the past six seasons. The season was produced by ABC Studios, in association with ShondaLand Production Company; the showrunner being Shonda", "title": "Scandal (season 7)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.19, "text": "by Jann Turner and written by \"\"Scandal\"\" creator and showrunner Shonda Rhimes. ABC renewed the series for a seventh and final season on February 10, 2017. The season began airing on October 5, 2017, with this episode, and will consist of 18 episodes, adding the total episode count of the show to 124 episodes. Cast member George Newbern was upgraded to a series regular after being a recurring cast member for the past six seasons and made his first appearance as a regular actor in this episode, portraying former B613 assassin Charlie. The table read for the episode started on", "title": "Watch Me (Scandal)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.16, "text": "premiere during midseason, following a fall run of the new series \"\"Notorious\"\". Production began on July 13, 2016, with director and executive producer Tom Verica announcing that the crew was scouting for filming locations. The table read for the premiere was on July 26, 2016, with filming starting soon after. A teaser trailer was released on November 1, 2016 on YouTube. An official trailer for the sixth season was released by ABC on November 3, 2016. The season began airing on January 26, 2017. A promotional poster was released by ABC on November 29, 2016. On February 10, 2017, ABC", "title": "Scandal (season 6)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.05, "text": "nights at 9:00 pm until episode 15, where it aired in its original timeslot, Thursday 10:00 pm. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> \"\"Scandal\"\" was renewed for a seventh season on February 10, 2017, along with the other ShondaLand dramas. The series continued to air on Thursdays in its 9 p.m. E.T. timeslot like the previous seasons, but unlike the previous season which aired in January, the seventh season premiered in the fall of 2017. ABC announced on June 26, 2017, that the seventh season would consist of 18 episodes. Long-time director Tom Verica shared on Twitter that he would only direct the series finale", "title": "Scandal (season 7)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.84, "text": "Scandal (season 4) The fourth season of the American television drama series \"\"Scandal\"\" began airing on September 25, 2014, in the United States on ABC and consists of 22 episodes. The season was produced by ABC Studios, in association with ShondaLand Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunner being Shonda Rhimes. On May 7, 2015, ABC announced that \"\"Scandal\"\" had been renewed for a fifth season. The season continues the story of Olivia Pope's crisis management firm, Olivia Pope & Associates, and its staff, as well as staff at the White House in Washington D.C. Season four had", "title": "Scandal (season 4)" } ]

[ "Super Bowl LII,", "2017" ]

[ { "hasanswer": true, "score": 20.44, "text": "2016-2017 Golden State Warriors, who won the title with a 16-1 playoff record. The Philadelphia-based group Pieces Of A Dream had a minor hit in 1983 with the R&B song \"\"Fo-Fi-Fo\"\", which title was prompted by Malone's quip. This also marked the last championship in Philadelphia until the Phillies won the 2008 World Series. After a disappointing 1983–84 season, which ended with a five-game loss to the upstart New Jersey Nets in the first round of the playoffs, Charles Barkley arrived in Philadelphia for the 1984–85 season. For the next eight seasons, Barkley brought delight to the Philadelphia fans thanks", "title": "Philadelphia 76ers" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.75, "text": "in the final inning. While Mike Schmidt was the official MVP of the 1980 World Series, the Babe Ruth Award (another World Series MVP) was given to Tug McGraw. As of 2011, this is the last World Series in which both participating franchises had yet to win a World Series in their history. This was the first time that had happened since . The entire state of Pennsylvania, not just Philadelphia, celebrated the Phillies' win. Minutes after the final out, Governor Dick Thornburgh declared the next day \"\"Philadelphia Phillies Day.\"\" 1980 World Series (4-2): Philadelphia Phillies (N.L.) over Kansas City", "title": "1980 Philadelphia Phillies season" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 19.48, "text": "cities—later before the A's would return to the Fall Classic, after their successive moves to Kansas City in 1955 and Oakland in 1968. This would also be the city of Philadelphia's last appearance in the Series until 1950. It was also the last World Series until the 2017 edition in which both teams who had won at least 100 games in the regular season went the maximum seven games. The A's scored four runs in the third, enabling Lefty Grove to win Game 1 despite giving up twelve hits, three by Pepper Martin. Pepper Martin's two hits and two stolen", "title": "1931 World Series" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.17, "text": "Bradman called him \"\"America's greatest cricketing son.\"\" On June 28, 1913 the Philadelphians played the last first-class game on the mainland for more than 90 years. Games were played in the US Virgin Islands in the interim, which is considered as part of the West Indies by the ICC. The team had played an American national side 6 times between 1885 and 1894. The United States team won one of these matches, lost two, and earned a draw in three. Cricket remained a minor pastime in the United States until the mid-1960s, when ICC reforms allowed associate members to join.", "title": "United States national cricket team" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.08, "text": "633 games and losing 564, for a winning percentage of .529. The team won the AA pennant in 1883, finishing one game ahead of the St. Louis team. That same year, however, the National League set up its own team in Philadelphia, the Philadelphia Quakers (later Phillies). The Quakers finished last in 1883, but soon improved on the field and at the gate. Their home games were played at Oakdale Park in 1882, and at the Jefferson Street Grounds from 1883 to 1890. In addition, games were also occasionally played at Gloucester Point Grounds. They had eight different managers, with", "title": "Philadelphia Athletics (American Association)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 18.98, "text": "history and the first time since ; Philadelphia had not won since . Detroit was the last team to win the Cup without having home ice advantage in the Finals and with fewer than 100 points earned during the regular season until . The Flyers arrived into the Final having beaten their perennial rivals, the New York Rangers, in a memorable five-game Eastern Conference Final series. Eric Lindros and Wayne Gretzky each recorded a hat trick in the set, but the size, strength and discipline of Philadelphia trumped the veteran savvy of the Blueshirts. Philadelphia rose to the top on", "title": "1997 Stanley Cup Finals" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 18.91, "text": "artificial turf. This was also the first World Series since 1920, and the last to date, in which neither team had won a World Series before. With their victory, the Phillies became the final team out of the original sixteen MLB teams to win a World Series. However, a Philadelphia team had won a World Series before, the last being the Philadelphia Athletics in , exactly a half-century before this Series; in a twist of fate, the Athletics would play thirteen years in Kansas City before eventually settling in Oakland. The Philadelphia Phillies won the National League East division by", "title": "1980 World Series" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 18.91, "text": "strength of his 8 for 21 hitting (.381 average), including game-winning hits in Game 2 and the clinching Game 6. Thus, the Phillies became the last of the 16 teams that made up the major leagues from 1901 to 1960 to win a World Series. By comparison, the other 15 teams had each appeared in at least three World Series and won it at least once. During the early 1980s, when baseball was becoming more drug-conscious, several Philadelphia players admitted to having used amphetamines from time to time. A memorable \"\"Philadelphia Daily News\"\" headline dubbed the team \"\"The Pillies\"\". The", "title": "History of the Philadelphia Phillies" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 18.89, "text": "city. The last home game which was blacked out on television in the Philadelphia market as a result of not being sold out was against the Arizona Cardinals on Sunday, September 12, 1999, which was Andy Reid's first home game as new head coach of the Eagles. The studies note that—win or lose—Eagles fans can be counted on to pack their stadium. As of August 2008, the team had sold out 71 consecutive games, and 70,000 were on the team's waiting list for season tickets. Despite finishing with a 6–10 record in the 2005 season, the Eagles ranked second in", "title": "Philadelphia Eagles" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 18.89, "text": "times (1902, 1905, 1910, 1911, 1913 and 1914), and winning the World Series in 1910, 1911 and 1913. They won over 100 games in 1910 and 1911, and 99 games in 1914. The team was known for its \"\"$100,000 Infield\"\", consisting of Stuffy McInnis (first base), Eddie Collins (second base), Jack Barry (shortstop), and Frank \"\"Home Run\"\" Baker (third base) as well as pitchers Eddie Plank and Chief Bender. Rube Waddell was also a major pitching star for the A's in the early 1900s. According to Lamont Buchanan in \"\"The World Series and Highlights of Baseball\"\", the A's fans were", "title": "History of the Philadelphia Athletics" } ]

[ "Mary Kom" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.88, "text": "Rukmini Devi Arundale Rukmini Devi Neelakanda Sastri (29 February 1904 – 24 February 1986) was an Indian theosophist, dancer and choreographer of the Indian classical dance form of Bharatanatyam, and an activist for animal rights and welfare. She also is the first ever woman in Indian history to be nominated as the Rajya Sabha member. She is considered the most important revivalist in the Indian classical dance form of Bharatanatyam from its original 'sadhir' style, prevalent amongst the temple dancers, Devadasis, she also worked for the re-establishment of traditional Indian arts and crafts. Though she belonged to the Indian upper-caste", "title": "Rukmini Devi Arundale" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.86, "text": "for International Women's Day. Rukmini Devi Arundale Rukmini Devi Neelakanda Sastri (29 February 1904 – 24 February 1986) was an Indian theosophist, dancer and choreographer of the Indian classical dance form of Bharatanatyam, and an activist for animal rights and welfare. She also is the first ever woman in Indian history to be nominated as the Rajya Sabha member. She is considered the most important revivalist in the Indian classical dance form of Bharatanatyam from its original 'sadhir' style, prevalent amongst the temple dancers, Devadasis, she also worked for the re-establishment of traditional Indian arts and crafts. Though she belonged", "title": "Rukmini Devi Arundale" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.23, "text": "Women's Welfare Association of Delhi and the Super Bazar Cooperative Stores Limited, New Delhi and was the first woman vice president of the Delhi Municipal Committee, a post she held from 1956 to 1957. She served the Punjab Legislative Council, the predecessor of the Punjab Legislative Assembly from 1962 to 1966. She was elected to the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian Parliament in 1972, representing Delhi and served the house till 1978. She was one of the 15 nominated members of the \"\"Joint Committee of Indian Parliament\"\" set up by Indian parliament for the establishment of the", "title": "Savita Behen" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.05, "text": "close associate Ram Mohan Rai, a social activist from Panipat (haryana). Deshpande was a nominated member of Indian Rajya Sabha two times during August 1997- August 1997 and during 24 June 2004 to 2010. Her name was considered for the Indian Presidential position in 2007. Deshpande received the Rajiv Gandhi National Sadbhavana Award (2005) and the Padma Vibhushan title in 2006. She was a nominee for the Nobel peace prize in 2005. Nirmala Deshpande ji also received first Banarsi Das Gupta \"\"Rashtra Gaurav Puraskar\"\" on 5 November 2007 in a function, present to her by Vice President of India Sh.", "title": "Nirmala Deshpande" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.97, "text": "2000-01, hence becoming the first woman to have occupied both positions. She was elected to the Rajya Sabha for a six-year term in April 2002. On 16 June 2004, she was appointed the Chief Whip of the Congress Party in the Rajya Sabha. During the winter session of 2006, she had strongly supported the Women's Reservation Bill along with other women politicians from across parties. On 16 June 2008, she took over as chairperson of the Central Social Welfare Board. After assuming charge, she focused the attention of the board on the plight of the girl child in India. As", "title": "Prema Cariappa" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.95, "text": "Ganga Sharan Singh (Sinha) Ganga Sharan Singh (Sinha) (1905-1988) was a member of the Rajya Sabha, the Upper House of the Parliament of India, for three terms (1956–62 and 1962-68 from Bihar and then a nominated member in 1968-1974). He was prominent in the Indian National Congress party and a co-founder of the Congress Socialist Party. He was close to Rajendra Prasad, India's first President. He shared a house in Patna with his close friend and nationalist Jayaprakash Narayan. Gangasharan Sinha, commonly called Ganga Babu, had acquaintance with many Hindi writers but never wrote himself. A good orator, he worked", "title": "Ganga Sharan Singh (Sinha)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.72, "text": "of her work in the field of family planning. She was also a nominated member of the Rajya Sabha in the 1960s In 2006, the Government of India awarded R. P.'s granddaughter Sai Paranjpye a Padma Bhushan title in recognition of her artistic talents. She is a film director and a scriptwriter. R. P. Paranjpe Sir Raghunath Purushottam Paranjpye (16 February 1876 – 6 May 1966) was the first Indian to achieve the coveted title of Senior Wrangler at the University of Cambridge, and became a university administrator and Indian ambassador. Previously, at the Cambridge University of England, a student", "title": "R. P. Paranjpe" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.67, "text": "naval sector. She cautioned the government to be careful when dealing with foreign capital and supported linguistic states. After the second Indian General Election in 1957, she became Deputy Minister of State for Home Affairs. In 1962, Alva became the Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, thereby becoming the first female to preside over the Rajya Sabha in its history. She served two consecutive terms in Rajya Sabha. Her first term commenced on 19 April 1962 and continued till 2 April 1966. Her second term began with her election to the office of Deputy Chairman on 7 April 1966 and", "title": "Violet Alva" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.61, "text": "Violet Alva Violet Hari Alva (24 April 1908 – 20 November 1969) was an Indian lawyer, journalist and politician, and Deputy Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha, and member of the Indian National Congress (INC). She was the first woman lawyer to appear before a High Court in India and the first to preside over the Rajya Sabha. Alva was born Violet Hari on 24 April 1908 in Ahmedabad. She was the eighth of nine children. Violet's father, Reverend Laxman Hari, was one of the first Indian pastors of the Church of England. Having lost both her parents when she was", "title": "Violet Alva" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.59, "text": "Ganga Sharan Singh Award Ganga Sharan Singh (Sinha) (1905-1988) was a member of the Rajya Sabha, the Upper House of the Parliament of India, for three terms (1956–62 and 1962-68 from Bihar and then a nominated member in 1968-1974). He was prominent in the Indian National Congress party and a co-founder of the Congress Socialist Party. He was close to Rajendra Prasad, India's first President. Ganga Sharan Singh Award (Devnagari: गंगाशरण सिंह पुरस्कार) is a literary honour in India which Kendriya Hindi Sansthan, (Central Hindi Organization), Ministry of Human Resource Development, annually confers on writers of outstanding works in Hindi", "title": "Ganga Sharan Singh Award" } ]

[ "28.0.0.137" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.19, "text": "in early 2016. Adobe Flash has been deprecated. The latest version of Adobe Flash Player is available for three major desktop platforms, including Windows, macOS and Linux. On Linux the PPAPI plug-in is available; the NPAPI version wasn't updated to new major versions for a while until Adobe changed its mind on stopping support and its former plan to discontinue \"\"in 2017\"\". Adobe Flash Player is available in four flavors: The \"\"ActiveX\"\" version is an ActiveX control for use in Internet Explorer and any other Windows applications that supports ActiveX technology. The \"\"Plug-in\"\" versions are available for browsers supporting either", "title": "Adobe Flash" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22, "text": "tablet devices, from Acer, BlackBerry 10, Dell, HTC, Lenovo, Logitech, LG, Motorola, Samsung, Sharp, SoftBank, Sony (and Sony Ericsson), and Toshiba. As of 2012, Adobe has stopped browser-based Flash Player development for mobile browsers in favor of HTML5, however Adobe continues to support Flash content on mobile devices with the Adobe Integrated Runtime, which allows developers to publish content that runs as native applications on certain supported mobile phone platforms. Version 9 was the most recent version available for the Linux/ARM-based Nokia 770/N800/N810 Internet tablets running Maemo OS2008, classic Mac OS and Windows 95/NT. Version 10 can be run under", "title": "Adobe Flash Player" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.81, "text": "NPAPI or PPAPI plug-ins on Microsoft Windows, macOS and Linux. The \"\"projector\"\" version is a standalone player that can open SWF files directly. The following table documents Flash Player and Adobe AIR support on desktop operating systems: The latest version of Adobe AIR, version 18, contains Adobe Flash Player 18, and is available for Windows XP and later, as well as macOS. Official support for desktop Linux distributions ceased in June 2011 with version 2.6. Adobe Flash Player was available for a variety of mobile operating systems, including Android (between versions 2.2 and 4.0.4), Pocket PC/Windows CE, QNX (e.g. on", "title": "Adobe Flash" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.44, "text": "of the new features or bug fixes available in later versions. It has been on version 11.7 as of July 9, 2013, version 13 as of May 13, 2014, and version 18 as of August 11, 2015. Adobe has decided to discontinue the ESR branch and instead focus solely on the standard release as of August 2016. In 2011, Flash Player had emerged as the de facto standard for online video publishing on the desktop, with adaptive bitrate video streaming, DRM, and fullscreen support. On mobile devices however, after Apple refused to allow the Flash Player within the inbuilt iOS", "title": "Adobe Flash Player" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.27, "text": "for Windows XP and later, Mac OS X 10.6 and later and Linux. Adobe Flash Player is available in four flavors: On February 22, 2012, Adobe announced that it would no longer release new versions of NPAPI Flash plugins for Linux, although Flash Player 11.2 would continue to receive security updates. In August 2016 Adobe announced that, beginning with version 24, it will resume offering of Flash Player for Linux for other browsers. The Extended Support Release (ESR) of Flash Player on macOS and Windows was a version of Flash Player kept up to date with security updates, but none", "title": "Adobe Flash Player" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.94, "text": "third-party Flash Player is the commercially available Scaleform GFx Player, which is game development middleware designed for integration into non-Flash video games. In some browsers, prior Flash versions have had to be uninstalled before an updated version could be installed. However, as of version 11.2 for Windows, there are now automatic updater options. Linux is partially supported, as Adobe is cooperating with Google to implement it via Chrome web browser on all Linux platforms. Mixing Flash applications with HTML leads to inconsistent behavior with respect to input handling (keyboard and mouse not working as they would in an HTML-only document).", "title": "Adobe Flash Player" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.83, "text": "2009. As of June 2018, the current stable version of LAMS is 3.0.2 Version 3.0 is a major release that introduces a responsive web design, drops the need to have Adobe Flash Player, updated all its tech stack and adds significant feature and technical improvements. LAMS version 3.1 is available as beta release (Oct 2018). LAMS can be integrated with any LMS system that implement IMS LTI as a consumer. However, IMS LTI 1.2 has some important limitations, therefore native integration with other popular LMSs are available for: LAMS is both a IMS LTI 1.3 consumer and service provider, including", "title": "LAMS" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.78, "text": "published by Google security engineer Michele Spagnuolo and has CVE 2014-4671 and CVE 2014-5333. Adobe Flash Player release version 14.0.0.145, released on July 8, 2014, introduced stronger validation of Flash files, and in version 14.0.0.176, released on August 12, 2014, finalized the fix, preventing this exploit from working. In July 2005, George Jempty suggested an optional variable assignment be prepended to JSON. The original proposal for JSONP, where the padding is a callback function, appears to have been made by Bob Ippolito in December 2005 and is now used by many Web 2.0 applications such as Dojo Toolkit, Google Web", "title": "JSONP" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.73, "text": "version 2.70 and Flash Player 9 into the PlayStation 3's web browser in firmware version 2.50. Nintendo has integrated Flash Lite 3.1, equivalent to Flash 8, in the Internet Channel on the Wii. The following table documents historical support for Flash Player and AIR on mobile operating systems: Some CPU emulators have been created for Flash Player, including Chip8, Commodore 64, ZX Spectrum and the Nintendo Entertainment System. They enable video games created for such platforms to run within Flash Player. Adobe has taken steps to reduce or eliminate Flash licensing costs. For instance, the SWF file format documentation is", "title": "Adobe Flash Player" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.7, "text": "Adobe makes available a partial specification of SWF, most recently updated in January 2013 to reflect changes in SWF version 19. SWF versions have been decoupled from Flash player versions after Flash 10. Afterwards the version number of the SWF progressed rapidly; SWF version 19 corresponds to the new features added in Flash Player 11.6. Flash Player 14 uses SWF version 25. In 2008, the specifications document was criticized by Rob Savoye, the lead developer of the Gnash project, as missing \"\"huge amounts\"\" of information needed to completely implement SWF, omitting specifications for RTMP and Sorenson Spark. The RTMP specification", "title": "SWF" } ]

[ "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.38, "text": "of Tchaikovsky's ballets - \"\"Swan Lake\"\", \"\"The Sleeping Beauty\"\" and \"\"The Nutcracker\"\" - complete. The albums were recorded in mono in 1954 and 1955, for Mercury Records, with the Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra (later renamed the Minnesota Orchestra), as part of their famous \"\"Living Presence\"\" series. All three ballets were at first issued separately, but were later re-issued in a 6-LP set. Dorati never re-recorded \"\"Swan Lake\"\", but he did make a stereo recording of \"\"The Sleeping Beauty\"\" (again complete) with the Concertgebouw Orchestra of Amsterdam for Philips Classics Records, and two complete recordings in stereo of \"\"The Nutcracker\"\", one with", "title": "Antal Doráti" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.61, "text": "and Juliet\"\", the \"\"1812 Overture\"\", his three ballets (\"\"The Nutcracker\"\", \"\"Swan Lake\"\", \"\"The Sleeping Beauty\"\") and \"\"Marche Slave\"\". These, along with his First Piano Concerto and his Violin Concerto, the last three of his six numbered symphonies and his operas \"\"The Queen of Spades\"\" and \"\"Eugene Onegin\"\", are among his most familiar works. Almost as popular are the \"\"Manfred\"\" Symphony, \"\"Francesca da Rimini\"\", the \"\"Capriccio Italien\"\" and the Serenade for Strings. Tchaikovsky displayed an unusually wide stylistic and emotional range, from salon works of innocuous charm to symphonies of tremendous depth, power, and grandeur. Some of his works, such as", "title": "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.06, "text": "of both \"\"The Sleeping Beauty\"\" and \"\"The Nutcracker\"\", as well as \"\"Raymonda\"\", among many other ballets). Tchaikovsky was delighted at the prospect of \"\"Swan Lake\"\" being revived by Petipa, of whom he had the greatest respect, asserting that \"\"never with anyone but Petipa would I produce ballets.\"\" According to the composer/conductor Riccardo Drigo, \"\"While (Tchaikovsky) was still alive I knew of his dissatisfaction with the instrumentation of (\"\"Swan Lake\"\"), and that he intended to take up the matter, but he never managed to do this.\"\" Tchaikovsky died on 6 November 1893, just when plans to revive \"\"Swan Lake\"\" were beginning", "title": "Swan Lake (1895)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 23.97, "text": "realised a long-held ambition to design all three of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's ballets. He designed \"\"The Nutcracker\"\" for the Royal New Zealand Ballet, \"\"Swan Lake\"\" for the Houston Ballet, and \"\"The Sleeping Beauty\"\" for the Australian Ballet. This last work was the Australian Ballet's largest ever production, requiring 300 costumes and four major sets, and was still touring at the time of Fredrikson's death. In Australia Fredriksen created costumes and undertook production design for a number of film and television productions including costumes for the feature films \"\"Undercover\"\", \"\"Sky Pirate\"\" and \"\"Short Changed\"\" and production design for television series \"\"Vietnam\"\",", "title": "Kristian Fredrikson" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.77, "text": "in Brazil and in the month of August, in Cuba. Classic : Nutcracker Coppelia Don Quixote The Corsaire The Swan Lake La Bayadere La Fille Mal Gardee La Sylphide and the Scotsman The Three Musketeers Neoclassical : Dracula Le Chevalier de Saint-Georges Yarini Choreography: Classic: Diana and Actaeon (pas de deux) Giselle (pas de deux) Grand pas de quatre Sleeping Beauty (pas de deux) The Flames of Paris (pas de deux) The Dying Swan (male version) The Dying Swan (female version) Raymonda (pas de deux) Prodanza Ballet Academy The Center Prodanza of Cuba was established on December 30 of 1994", "title": "Prodanza Ballet Academy" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.64, "text": "Enchantress\"\" (1886) and \"\"The Queen of Spades\"\" (1890). In 1887 Vsevolozhsky commissioned Tchaikovsky to score music for Marius Petipa's \"\"The Sleeping Beauty\"\", a ballet which would prove to be one of both Tchaikovsky and Petipa's greatest masterworks. The first performance on 15 January 1890 by the Imperial Ballet was a great success and soon Vsevolozhsky commissioned a second score for a ballet and an opera from the composer, \"\"The Nutcracker\"\" and \"\"Iolanthe\"\", which premiered together on a double bill on 6 December 1892. Prior to commissioning \"\"The Sleeping Beauty\"\", Vsevolozhsky had considered reviving one act of \"\"Swan Lake\"\" for the", "title": "Swan Lake (1895)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.59, "text": "First Symphony. Beginning in 1954 and continuing on through 1955, the group made the first complete recordings of Tchaikovsky's three ballets: \"\"Swan Lake\"\", \"\"Sleeping Beauty\"\", and \"\"The Nutcracker\"\" under the baton of Antal Doráti. In 1954, they also made the first recording of Tchaikovsky's \"\"1812 Overture\"\" to include actual cannon fire, again under Doráti's direction. These recordings were made for Mercury Records as part of the \"\"Living Presence\"\" series. In the 1970s, the renamed Minnesota Orchestra made a series of recordings for Vox Records under the direction of Stanisław Skrowaczewski. In the 1990s, the orchestra recorded for the Reference Recordings", "title": "Minnesota Orchestra" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.22, "text": "Russia's first Conservatories in St Petersburg and in Moscow: the former trained the great Russian composer Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840–93), best known for ballets like \"\"Swan Lake\"\", \"\"Sleeping Beauty\"\", and \"\"The Nutcracker\"\". He remains Russia's best-known composer outside Russia. Easily the most famous successor in his style is Sergei Rachmaninoff (1873–1943), who studied at the Moscow Conservatory (where Tchaikovsky himself taught). Alexander Glazunov also took this romantic style. The late 19th and early 20th century saw the third wave of Russian classics: Igor Stravinsky (1882–1971), Alexander Scriabin (1872–1915), Sergei Prokofiev (1891–1953) and Dmitri Shostakovich (1906–1975). They were experimental in style", "title": "Russian classical music" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.98, "text": "2019 with Romeo and Juliet. This award-winning repertoire has inspired and thrilled over 6 million people worldwide. Perhaps best-known for its now legendary Swan Lake with its corps de ballet of menacing male swans, New Adventures’ intriguing twists on the ballet classics also include Nutcracker!, Sleeping Beauty, Cinderella, The Car Man based on the opera Carmen and Highland Fling based on La Sylphide set in contemporary Glasgow. Bourne has also been inspired by film and literature in his innovative productions of Edward Scissorhands, Dorian Gray, Play Without Words and Lord of the Flies, which united professional dancers and young men", "title": "New Adventures" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.98, "text": "1973), Nutcracker (1966), Spartacus (1968), Swan Lake (1969), Ivan the Terrible (1975), Angara (1976), Romeo and Juliet (1979), The Golden Age (1982), and Raymonda (1984). He also designed Sergeyev's \"\"Raymonda\"\" (Kirov, 1948), \"\"Swan Lake\"\" (Kirov, 1950), and \"\"The Sleeping Beauty\"\" (Kirov, 1952) and Vainonen's \"\"The Nutcracker\"\" (Kirov, 1954). American reviewers, writing of touring Soviet productions, praised Mr. Virsaladze's designs for their grand scale, tastefulness, sensitivity to period and style and for often furthering the action of the ballet. Simon Virsaladze Simon (Soliko) Virsaladze () (Tbilisi, 24 January 1909 – Tbilisi, 9 February 1989) was a Georgian and one of the", "title": "Simon Virsaladze" } ]

[ "291 episodes", "291" ]

[ { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.84, "text": "April 5, 2009, the series premiered in Japan airing in Fuji TV. \"\"Dragon Ball Z Kai\"\" reduced the episode count to 159 episodes (167 episodes internationally), from the original footage of 291 episodes. Damaged frames were removed, resulting in some minor shots being remade from scratch in order to fix cropping, and others to address continuity issues. The majority of the international versions, including Funimation Entertainment's English dub, are titled \"\"Dragon Ball Z Kai\"\". premiered on Fuji TV on February 7, 1996 and ran until November 19, 1997 for 64 episodes. Unlike the first two anime series, it is not", "title": "Dragon Ball" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.75, "text": "61 episodes. Funimation licensed \"\"Dragon Ball Kai\"\" for an English-language release in North America, under the title \"\"Dragon Ball Z Kai\"\". The series was broadcast on Nicktoons from May 24, 2010 to January 1, 2012 (continuing in re-runs until April 2013). In addition to Nicktoons, the series also began airing on the 4Kids-owned Saturday morning programming block Toonzai on The CW in August 2010, then on its successor, the Saban-owned Vortexx, beginning in August 2012 until the block ended in September 2014. Both the Nicktoons and Toonzai/Vortexx airings were edited for content, though the Toonzai/Vortexx version was censored even more", "title": "Dragon Ball Z" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.84, "text": "manga. He said the reception to \"\"Kai\"\" was positive and Bandai had a hit with a card game, so it all worked out. The series initially concluded with the finale of the Cell arc, as opposed to including the Majin Buu arc. It was originally planned to run 98 episodes, however, due to the Tōhoku offshore earthquake and tsunami, the final episode of \"\"Dragon Ball Kai\"\" was not aired and the series ended on its 97th episode in Japan on March 27, 2011. The 98th episode was later released direct-to-video in Japan on August 2, 2011. In November 2012, Mayumi", "title": "Dragon Ball Z" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.5, "text": "set released on November 8, 2011. However, production of these 4:3 sets was suspended after the second volume, citing technical concerns over restoring the original film material frame by frame. Only a year later, the company began producing a cropped 16:9 remastered Blu-ray release in 2013, with nine sets released in total. On August 13, 2013, Funimation released all 53 episodes and the three movies from their first \"\"Dragon Ball Z\"\" dub created with Saban and Ocean Studios in a collector's DVD box set, titled the \"\"Rock the Dragon Edition\"\". In Japan, \"\"Dragon Ball Kai\"\" was released in wide-screen on", "title": "Dragon Ball Z" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 24.48, "text": "It premiered in Japan on Fuji Television on April 26, 1989, taking over its predecessor's time slot, and ran for 291 episodes until its conclusion on January 31, 1996. Because Toriyama was writing the manga during the production of the anime, \"\"Dragon Ball Z\"\" added original material not adapted from the manga, including lengthening scenes or adding new ones, and adding new attacks and characters not present in the manga. For example, Toriyama was asked to create an additional character for Goku's training with King Kai, resulting in the cricket Gregory. Throughout the production, the voice actors were tasked with", "title": "Dragon Ball Z" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 24.34, "text": "the manga. It premiered in Japan on Fuji Television on April 26, 1989, taking over its predecessor's time slot, and ran for 291 episodes until its conclusion on January 31, 1996. Two television specials based on the \"\"Z\"\" series were aired on Fuji TV in Japan. The first, \"\"The One True Final Battle ~The Z Warrior Who Challenged Freeza -- Son Goku's Father~\"\", renamed \"\"\"\" by Funimation, was shown on October 17, 1990. The second special, \"\"Defiance in the Face of Despair!! The Remaining Super-Warriors: Gohan and Trunks\"\", renamed \"\"\"\" by Funimation, is based on a special chapter of the", "title": "Dragon Ball" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.3, "text": "telecasts of \"\"Dragon Ball Z\"\" ranked as the top three programs in all of television, broadcast or cable, for delivery of boys 9-14. In 2001, Cartoon Network obtained licensing to run 96 more episodes and air the original \"\"Dragon Ball\"\" anime and was the top rated show in the Toonami block of Cartoon network. Beginning March 26, 2001, Cartoon Network ran a 12-week special promotion \"\"Toonami Reactor\"\" which included a focus on \"\"Dragon Ball Z\"\", which would stream episodes online to high-speed internet users. Many home video releases were met with both the edited and unedited versions placing on in", "title": "Dragon Ball Z" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.06, "text": "In 2004, Pioneer lost its distribution rights to the first 53/67 episodes of \"\"Dragon Ball Z\"\", allowing Funimation to re-dub them with their in-house voice cast and restore the removed content. This dub's background score was composed by Nathan M. Johnson. Funimation's new uncut dub of these episodes aired on Cartoon Network during the summer of 2005 (in late night, due to the unedited content). Funimation's later remastered DVDs of the series saw minor changes made to their in-house dub for quality and consistency, mostly after the episode 67 gap, and had the option to play the entire series' dub", "title": "Dragon Ball Z" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.55, "text": "skipped the first 16 episodes of the series. Instead, Funimation created a composition episode entitled \"\"A Grand Problem,\"\" which used scenes from the skipped episodes to summarize the story. The skipped episodes were later shown on Cartoon Network as \"\"The Lost Episodes\"\" after the original broadcast concluded. Funimation's English dub began re-airing in the US on Nicktoons from January 16, 2012 to December 13, 2012, and rerun until January 2, 2015 (Due to Adult Swim having rights to air Dragon Ball Z Kai through their Toonami programming block.) AB Groupe (in association with Blue Water Studios) produced an alternate dub", "title": "Dragon Ball GT" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.53, "text": "previously used a similar Vancouver-based voice cast in their short-lived 1995 dub of \"\"Dragon Ball\"\"). Saban musicians Ron Wasserman and Jeremy Sweet, known for their work on the \"\"Power Rangers\"\" franchise, composed a new background score and theme song (nicknamed \"\"Rock the Dragon\"\"). Funimation's initial English dub of \"\"Dragon Ball Z\"\" had mandated cuts to content and length, which reduced the first 67 episodes into 53. It premiered in the United States on September 13, 1996 in first-run syndication, but halted production in 1998 after two seasons. This was due to Saban scaling down its syndication operations, in order to", "title": "Dragon Ball Z" } ]

[ "Kelli Giddish", "Richard Belzer", "Stephanie March", "Diane Neal", "Ice-T", "Danny Pino", "Dann Florek", "Tamara Tunie", "Michaela McManus", "Mariska Hargitay", "Adam Beach", "B. D. Wong", "Christopher Meloni", "Raúl Esparza", "Michelle Hurd", "Peter Scanavino" ]

[ { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.97, "text": "The show starred Christopher Meloni as Detective Elliot Stabler and Mariska Hargitay as Detective Olivia Benson for its first twelve seasons until the former left the cast, unable to come to an agreement on his contract. As of November 29, 2018, \"\"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\"\" has aired 444 original episodes. On May 9, 2018, NBC renewed the series for a twentieth season, which allowed it to tie the flagship \"\"Law & Order\"\" and \"\"Gunsmoke\"\" for the longest-running scripted drama in U.S. television history. The season premiered on September 27, 2018. The idea for \"\"Law & Order: Special Victims", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.64, "text": "the deleted scenes for \"\"Taken\"\" are not canon. First season cast members Christopher Meloni (Detective Elliot Stabler), Mariska Hargitay (Detective Olivia Benson), Richard Belzer (Detective John Munch), and Dann Florek (Captain Don Cragen) returned to the show for the second season. Cast member Michelle Hurd (Detective Monique Jeffries) began to depart the cast over the first half of the season. Hurd ultimately departed from the series to join the Showtime drama \"\"Leap Years\"\". After her departure from the show, Hurd said, \"\"I think it's just sad they didn't have faith to stick around with me.\"\" However, she said she bore", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 2)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.56, "text": "from the main cast to a guest starring role and recurring actor Joel de la Fuente's not appearing for the first time since 2002. Of the latter change, Warren Leight said, \"\"those scenes [which featured Fuente] can be dry\"\" and hired Gilbert Gottfried as a more comedic replacement. In addition to these changes, Linus Roache became a recurring cast member in his role of Michael Cutter, whom he played on \"\"Law & Order\"\"; on \"\"SVU\"\" former Executive ADA Cutter serves as the Bureau Chief for ADAs attached to the Special Victims Unit. In season 14, Raúl Esparza joined the cast", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.48, "text": "Shapovalova. Casting for the lead characters of \"\"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\"\" occurred in the spring of 1999. Dick Wolf, along with officials from NBC and Studios USA were at the final auditions for the two leads at Rockefeller Center. The last round had been narrowed down to seven finalists. For the female lead, Detective Olivia Benson, actresses Samantha Mathis, Reiko Aylesworth, and Mariska Hargitay were being considered. For the male role, Detective Elliot Stabler, the finalists were Tim Matheson, John Slattery, Nick Chinlund, and Christopher Meloni. Hargitay and Meloni had auditioned in the final round together and, after", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.45, "text": "Dean Winters (Brian Cassidy), Pablo Schreiber (William Lewis), and Lauren Ambrose (Vanessa Mayer) continued their respective portrayals in the season premiere episode, \"\"Surrender Benson\"\". Winters also starred in the subsequent episodes, \"\"Imprisoned Lives\"\", \"\"Internal Affairs\"\", and \"\"Wonderland Story\"\". Cybill Shepherd guest starred in the 'ripped from the headlines' third episode of the season, which combines the Shooting of Trayvon Martin case and the Paula Deen racial epithet controversy. Shepherd's character, Jolene Castille, thought she was being pursued by a rapist and turned around to discover it was a teenager. She shot him. Jeffrey Tambor reprised his role as Defense Attorney", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 15)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.42, "text": "to the cast and crew. Executive producer Warren Leight revealed that the sixteenth season will follow the events of the previous season finale, with Detective Nick Amaro (Danny Pino) \"\"sent to the bowels of Queens to do traffic stops\"\". Prior to the conclusion of the fifteenth season and hence Sergeant Olivia Benson's (Mariska Hargitay) fostering of baby Noah Porter, Raúl Esparza (Rafael Barba) revealed that, \"\"Benson has a very big, life-changing event take place for her, which I think is gonna last for a while...she might make some choices that are really gonna change her life.\"\" NBC President Robert Greenblatt", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 16)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.34, "text": "In the same episode, Bill Sage, Chazz Palminteri, Stefanie Scott, and Dayton Callie guest star. Sophia Bush guest stars as her \"\"Chicago PD\"\" character Detective Erin Lindsay in the first part of a planned \"\"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\"\"/\"\"Chicago PD\"\" crossover slated to air on February 26, 2014 after the 2014 Winter Olympics. The episode is titled \"\"Comic Perversion\"\", Jonathan Silverman, Laura Slade Wiggins, and Elizabeth Marvel guest star, Skyler Day returns as Reneè Clark, a character who also plays in the episode \"\"Girl Dishonored\"\" in season 14. In \"\"Gridiron Soldier\"\", Glenn Morshower and Greg Finley guest star. Thomas", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 15)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.31, "text": "in trouble, which prompted a return visit for Kathryn Erbe as Lt. Alexandra Eames. This episode also guest starred: Emilio Rivera, Yul Vazquez and Cathy Moriarty. Richard Thomas starred in the May 15 episode, \"\"Brief Interlude\"\", as a husband and father, whose wife, Kerry Butler, was attacked while attending music festivals in New York City. Pablo Schreiber and Lauren Ambrose guest star in the season finale (May 22), that starts out as a routine arrest by Detective Rollins and ends up being some much worse. On January 10, 2013, NBC announced that former boxer Mike Tyson had been cast to", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 14)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.27, "text": "really looking forward to the future.\"\" Adam Beach fully joined the cast as Detective Chester Lake, who had already appeared twice on the show. A plan announced by Neal Baer in February 2007 was to portray the detective as a special victim himself. This was fulfilled in the episode \"\"Fight\"\" which reveals that Lake was a foster child. However, days after Diane Neal's departure was announced, Adam Beach announced that he was departing the cast as well. \"\"I very much enjoyed my year on \"\"Law & Order: SVU\"\",\"\" Beach said. \"\"Now I'm looking forward to new adventures.\"\" Cynthia Nixon guest", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 9)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.27, "text": "recurring role for episodes 1–3 and then was promoted to the main cast in episode 5, with Kelli Giddish, Danny Pino, Ice-T and Raúl Esparza no longer appearing in every episode. On May 20, 2015, it was revealed that Danny Pino would be leaving the cast after the season 16 finale \"\"Surrendering Noah\"\". In August 2017, it was announced that Philip Winchester would recur in season 19 as ADA Peter Stone, his character from \"\"Chicago P.D.\"\" and \"\"Chicago Justice\"\", who is the son of Benjamin Stone, the ADA on the original \"\"Law & Order\"\" show. It was later also announced", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" } ]

[ "planner Raymond Unwin", "architect Barry Parker", "Raymond Unwin" ]

[ { "hasanswer": true, "score": 27.06, "text": "architect Barry Parker were commissioned to produce an overall plan for a new 'garden' village and the detailed designs for its first houses. They also designed the garden cities of Letchworth and Welwyn Garden City. The building of New Earswick created a balanced village community where rents were kept low, but still represented a modest commercial return on the capital invested. Houses were open to any working people, not just Rowntree employees. The village was to be a demonstration of good practice. The Trust Deed of the Joseph Rowntree Village Trust, which was set up in 1904 to build and", "title": "New Earswick" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.95, "text": "and when he married his star designer Clarice Cliff in 1940, she moved into the house and lived there until 1972. It is her association that has made the house particularly famous since. In 1902 Parker and Unwin were asked to design a model village at New Earswick near York for Joseph and Benjamin Seebohm Rowntree, and the following year they were given the opportunity to take part in the creation of Letchworth (loosely based on the Utopian plan of Ebenezer Howard), when the First Garden City Company asked them to submit a plan. In 1903 they were involved with", "title": "Raymond Unwin" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.72, "text": "jam in 1888. William Lever's Port Sunlight had a village green and its houses espoused an idealised rural vernacular style. Quaker industrialists, George Cadbury and Rowntrees built model villages by their factories. Cadbury built Bournville between 1898 and 1905 and a second phase from 1914 and New Earswick was built in 1902 for Rowntrees. As coal mining expanded villages were built to house coal miners. In Yorkshire, Grimethorpe, Goldthorpe, Woodlands and Fitzwilliam were built to house workers at the collieries. The architect who designed Woodlands and Creswell Model Villages, Percy B. Houfton was influential in the development of the garden", "title": "Model village" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.39, "text": "Austin Shorter, 1882 to 1963) he renamed it Chetwynd House, and that name remains with it to today. Shorter's second wife was the British ceramic designer Clarice Cliff, and it is with her that the house is now most closely identified, as she worked extensively on the large gardens with Shorter for many of her retirement years, and after his death. They collaborated on architectural writing including \"\"The Art of Building a Home\"\" (1901), applying the Arts and Crafts Movement to working-class housing. In 1902 they were asked to design a model village at New Earswick near York for Joseph", "title": "Richard Barry Parker" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.38, "text": "set up to build and manage the garden village of New Earswick, the Joseph Rowntree Charitable Trust (JRCT) and the Joseph Rowntree Social Services Trust (JRSST). The latter two were both set up to effect social reform, the difference between them being that whereas the Charitable Trust was set up as a charity, the Social Services Trust was set up as a limited company so that if necessary it would be able to undertake social and political work not legally allowed by a charitable Trust. He suggested that only the JRVT would be permanent but in fact all the trusts", "title": "Joseph Rowntree (philanthropist)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.41, "text": "homes, retirement and supported housing, and demonstrates new approaches in these areas. It manages more than 2,000 homes, roughly half of which are in New Earswick, York. The remainder are in the City of York and surrounding areas. JRHT also provides retirement and supported housing services in York and other parts of north-east England. The Joseph Rowntree Foundation (JRF) was founded in 1904, and is one of four trusts established by Joseph Rowntree. Then known as the Joseph Rowntree Village Trust, its original purpose was to build and manage the garden village of New Earswick, York. Joseph Rowntree wanted his", "title": "Joseph Rowntree Foundation" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.22, "text": "to the slums that had developed in York and other cities during the previous century, the deprivation of which had been revealed in Seebohm Rowntree's report of 1901, entitled \"\"Poverty: a study of town life\"\". It revealed appalling statistics of dark, overcrowded and insanitary housing. As a result of the report, Joseph Rowntree's conviction that it must be possible to provide better housing for people on low incomes led him to acquire 150 acres of land near the village of Earswick, two and a half miles to the north of the centre of York. The planner Raymond Unwin and the", "title": "New Earswick" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.14, "text": "founded by the York philanthropist, Joseph Rowntree, who was quoted as saying, \"\"I do not want to establish communities bearing the stamp of charity but rather of rightly ordered and self governing communities\"\". The first 28 houses were built between 1902 and 1904 by the architect Raymond Unwin, after which the Joseph Rowntree Village Trust (now the Joseph Rowntree Housing Trust) was established to continue building and manage the new village. The Joseph Rowntree Housing Trust is part of the Joseph Rowntree Foundation. The village had contemporaries such as Bournville, Saltaire, Port Sunlight and others. This was in sharp contrast", "title": "New Earswick" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.55, "text": "not designed specifically for the workforce of the nearby Joseph Rowntree Cocoa Works although some do earn their living at the factory which was taken over by Swiss firm, Nestle in 1988. Transdev York operate a bus service that stops in the village as part of the Askham Bar to Clifton Moor route. First Group operate two bus services that stop in the village as part of the Wigginton to Acomb and Haxby to York City Centre routes. New Earswick was served by Earswick railway station on the York to Beverley Line between 1847 and 1965. There are both primary", "title": "New Earswick" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.42, "text": "centre with equal views and access from every dwelling, was echoed in Ebenezer Howard’s Garden City values and has been carried out in various permutations around the world. One example is Milleara Estate in Avondale Heights, Victoria, Australia, designed by Walter Burley Griffin. Much of the influence of Whitwell's New Harmony design can be credited to Owen, who toured both the United States and the United Kingdom promoting the plan, even persuading President John Quincy Adams to keep a model of it in his office for a period of time. Owen continued to exhibit and publish it after Whitwell's death", "title": "Thomas Stedman Whitwell" } ]

[ "photoreceptor proteins that sense light", "eyespots" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.41, "text": "skulls for blood vessels and nerves to go through. All this adds to the growing amount of evidence that supports Darwin's theory. The first fossils of eyes found to date are from the lower Cambrian period (about ). The lower Cambrian had a burst of apparently rapid evolution, called the \"\"Cambrian explosion\"\". One of the many hypotheses for \"\"causes\"\" of the Cambrian explosion is the \"\"Light Switch\"\" theory of Andrew Parker: It holds that the evolution of eyes started an arms race that accelerated evolution. Before the Cambrian explosion, animals may have sensed light, but did not use it for", "title": "Evolution of the eye" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.33, "text": "any other mechanism\"\" to \"\"a moderately high stage of perfection\"\", and gave examples of existing intermediate steps. Current research is investigating the genetic mechanisms underlying eye development and evolution. Biologist D.E. Nilsson has independently theorized about four general stages in the evolution of a vertebrate eye from a patch of photoreceptors. Nilsson and S. Pelger estimated in a classic paper that only a few hundred thousand generations are needed to evolve a complex eye in vertebrates. Another researcher, G.C. Young, has used the fossil record to infer evolutionary conclusions, based on the structure of eye orbits and openings in fossilized", "title": "Evolution of the eye" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.48, "text": "same side of the head. A transitional fossil from the common symmetric position is Amphistium. Evolution of the eye Many researchers have found the evolution of the eye attractive to study, because the eye distinctively exemplifies an analogous organ found in many animal forms. Simple light detection is found in bacteria, single-celled organisms, plants and animals. Complex, image-forming eyes have evolved independently several times. Complex eyes appeared first within the few million years of the Cambrian explosion. From before the Cambrian, no evidence of eyes has survived, but diverse eyes are known from the Burgess shale of the Middle Cambrian,", "title": "Evolution of the eye" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.45, "text": "additional explanations: sight is caused by a particular series of evolutionary steps (phylogeny), the mechanics of the eye (mechanism/causation), and even the process of an individual's development (ontogeny). Although these answers may be very different, they are consistent with each other. This idea was formulated in the 1960s when Tinbergen delineated the four questions based on Aristotle's four causes. This schema constitutes a basic framework of the overlapping behavioural fields of ethology, behavioural ecology, comparative psychology, sociobiology, evolutionary psychology, and anthropology. It was in fact Julian Huxley who identified the first three questions, Niko Tinbergen gave only the fourth question,", "title": "Tinbergen's four questions" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.38, "text": "of their owners. They vary in their visual acuity, the range of wavelengths they can detect, their sensitivity in low light, their ability to detect motion or to resolve objects, and whether they can discriminate colours. In 1802, philosopher William Paley called it a miracle of \"\"design\"\". Charles Darwin himself wrote in his \"\"Origin of Species\"\", that the evolution of the eye by natural selection seemed at first glance \"\"absurd in the highest possible degree\"\". However, he went on that despite the difficulty in imagining it, its evolution was perfectly feasible: ...if numerous gradations from a simple and imperfect eye", "title": "Evolution of the eye" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.03, "text": "Evolution of the eye Many researchers have found the evolution of the eye attractive to study, because the eye distinctively exemplifies an analogous organ found in many animal forms. Simple light detection is found in bacteria, single-celled organisms, plants and animals. Complex, image-forming eyes have evolved independently several times. Complex eyes appeared first within the few million years of the Cambrian explosion. From before the Cambrian, no evidence of eyes has survived, but diverse eyes are known from the Burgess shale of the Middle Cambrian, and from the slightly older Emu Bay Shale. Eyes are adapted to the various requirements", "title": "Evolution of the eye" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.91, "text": "at least one eye is either planted in ponds or directly into a flooded field. There are several other propagation ways via seeds or buds. Furthermore, tissue culture is a promising propagation method for the future to produce high volumes of uniform, true-to-type, disease free materials. First step of the cultivation is to plough the dry field. One round of manure is applied after ten days, before flooding the field. To support a quick initial growth, the water level is hold relatively low and is increased when plants grow. Then a maximum of approximately 4000 rhizome pieces per hectare (10000", "title": "Nelumbo nucifera" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.89, "text": "behaviors have been identified, in two primary groups: Below 450 nm, associated with direct light, and above 450 nm, associated with reflected light. As opsin molecules were tuned to detect different wavelengths of light, at some point color vision developed when the photoreceptor cells used differently tuned opsins. This may have happened at any of the early stages of the eye's evolution, and may have disappeared and reevolved as organisms became predator or prey. Similarly, night and day vision emerged when photoreceptor cells differentiated into rods and cones, respectively. As discussed earlier, the properties of light under water differ from", "title": "Evolution of the eye" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.69, "text": "and the interior of the eye was filled with humours to assist in focusing images. In this way, eyes are recognized by modern biologists as actually a relatively unambiguous and simple structure to evolve, and many of the major developments of the eye's evolution are believed to have taken place over only a few million years, during the Cambrian explosion. Behe asserts that this is only an explanation of the gross anatomical steps, however, and not an explanation of the changes in discrete biochemical systems that would have needed to take place. Behe maintains that the complexity of light sensitivity", "title": "Irreducible complexity" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.56, "text": "body and iris. During the invagination of the optic cup, the ectoderm begins to thicken and form the lens placode, which eventually separates from the ectoderm to form the lens vesicle at the open end of the optic cup. Further differentiation and mechanical rearrangement of cells in and around the optic cup gives rise to the fully developed eye. This development is an example of sequential inductions where the organ is formed from three different tissues: First, there is an outpocketing of the neural tube called optic vesicles. Development of the optic vesicles starts in the 3-week embryo, from a", "title": "Eye development" } ]

[ "Oak Island" ]

[ { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.27, "text": "The Curse of Oak Island The Curse of Oak Island is an active reality television series that first premiered in Canada on the History network on January 5, 2014. The show features what is known as the Oak Island mystery, showing efforts to search for historical artifacts and treasure. \"\"The Curse of Oak Island\"\" follows brothers Marty and Rick Lagina, originally from Kingsford, Michigan, through their efforts to find the speculated treasure or historical artifacts believed to be on Oak Island. The series discusses the history of the island, recent discoveries, theories, and prior attempts to investigate the site. Areas", "title": "The Curse of Oak Island" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.08, "text": "Inc. approved $1,271,546 in film funding for the production of the 4th season. In October 2017, a fifth season was announced, which began airing on November 7, 2017. Season 6 began airing November 13, 2018. The Curse of Oak Island The Curse of Oak Island is an active reality television series that first premiered in Canada on the History network on January 5, 2014. The show features what is known as the Oak Island mystery, showing efforts to search for historical artifacts and treasure. \"\"The Curse of Oak Island\"\" follows brothers Marty and Rick Lagina, originally from Kingsford, Michigan, through", "title": "The Curse of Oak Island" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 22.14, "text": "the documentary \"\"Reckless Indifference\"\", and he was an executive producer on the Oprah Winfrey Network mini-series, \"\"Miracle Detectives\"\". Sullivan is also an actor on the History Channel reality-TV show, \"\"The Curse of Oak Island\"\", where he plays himself. He is currently executive producing the upcoming film, \"\"City of Lies\"\" starring Johnny Depp and Forest Whitaker. Sullivan lives in Portland, Oregon. For most of his life Sullivan identified as an atheist, but in 1995 he underwent a spiritual conversion to Catholicism while he was in Medjugorje reporting on the Bosnian War. This experience was influential to his research and writing of", "title": "Randall Sullivan" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.78, "text": "of interest include the \"\"Money Pit\"\", Borehole 10-x, Smith's Cove, \"\"Nolan's Cross\"\", the \"\"Hatch\"\", the \"\"Watchtower\"\" and the \"\"Swamp\"\". The Lagina brothers became fascinated with the island after reading the January 1965 issue of \"\"Reader's Digest\"\" magazine that features an article on the Restall family's work to investigate the so-called \"\"Money Pit\"\". Marty and his brother Rick obtained a controlling interest in Oak Island Tours, which reportedly owns most of the island. The brothers were later approached by Prometheus Entertainment to do a reality show. Rick and Marty have engaged the assistance of father-and-son Dan and Dave Blankenship, permanent residents", "title": "The Curse of Oak Island" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.75, "text": "celebrity autographs, and Victorian chastity belts. In the season 4 finale episode of History channel's The Curse of Oak Island, Dr. Lori Verderame reviewed and provided historical perspective on treasure spoils discovered on Oak Island including a gold cross, gold plated button, and Spanish galleon spike among other items. A native of New Haven, CT, Verderame graduated from Hamden High School in Hamden, CT. She graduated from the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor with a Bachelor of Arts degree in World History. She has a Master of Arts degree in Liberal Studies with an emphasis in History and Art", "title": "Lori Verderame" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.52, "text": "Lori Verderame Lori Verderame (best known as Dr. Lori) is a TV personality, author, art, collectibles, and antiques appraiser with a Ph.D. in art, antiques and architectural history from Penn State University. She resides in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. Dr. Lori Verderame is the award winning antiquities expert on the History channel’s #1 rated TV show, The Curse of Oak Island which airs internationally on the History Channel. She is also the star appraiser on the American TV show \"\"Auction Kings\"\" which airs internationally on Discovery channel. On Discovery's Auction Kings, she appraised Thomas Jefferson's writing desk, Elizabeth Taylor's photographs from", "title": "Lori Verderame" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.5, "text": "of the island who have likewise been searching for treasure since the 1960s. The series explores various Oak Island theories and conjectures through conversations with independent researchers. Persons featured have included Zena Halpern discussing her theory about North African gold and sharing copies of a French map of the island which she claims is dated 1347; J. Hutton Pulitzer discussing his theory of ancient mariner visitations; Petter Amundsen discussing his theory about codes hidden in Shakespearean literature and a secret project involving Sir Francis Bacon and the Rosicrucians; Daniel Ronnstam discussing his theory about the 90 foot stone being a", "title": "The Curse of Oak Island" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.45, "text": "Frederick G. Nolan Frederick G. Nolan (July 5, 1927 – June 4, 2016) was a land surveyor as well as a known Oak Island treasure hunter. He has appeared on the History Channel's TV series about the Island, The Curse of Oak Island, in episodes 7 and 8 of season 3. Nolan was one of the first land surveyors in the province of Nova Scotia to receive designation as a Provincial Land Surveyor. With his brother he opened a surveying company called Nolan Brothers Surveys. Some of their notable works include the layout of the entire Westmount Subdivision at the", "title": "Frederick G. Nolan" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.27, "text": "on June 4, 2016, at the age of 88. Frederick G. Nolan Frederick G. Nolan (July 5, 1927 – June 4, 2016) was a land surveyor as well as a known Oak Island treasure hunter. He has appeared on the History Channel's TV series about the Island, The Curse of Oak Island, in episodes 7 and 8 of season 3. Nolan was one of the first land surveyors in the province of Nova Scotia to receive designation as a Provincial Land Surveyor. With his brother he opened a surveying company called Nolan Brothers Surveys. Some of their notable works include", "title": "Frederick G. Nolan" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 20.92, "text": "known as the Money Pit, a formation of boulders called Nolan's Cross, the beach at Smith's Cove, and a triangle-shaped swamp. The Money Pit area has been repeatedly excavated; critics argue that there is no treasure and that the Money Pit is a natural phenomenon. More than fifty books have been published recounting the island's history and exploring competing theories. Several works of fiction have been based upon the Money Pit, including \"\"The Money Pit Mystery\"\", \"\"Riptide\"\", \"\"The Hand of Robin Squires\"\", and \"\"Betrayed: The Legend of Oak Island\"\". In January 2014, the History Channel aired \"\"The Curse of Oak", "title": "Oak Island" } ]

[ "beneath the liver" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.3, "text": "3D Indiana 3D Indiana is a commercial Educational software for teaching and research on the human anatomy. The name is an acronym for Three-Dimensional Interactive Digital Anatomy. This software is based on the principles of \"\"volumetric anatomy\"\" which uses three intersecting coordinate planes to locate the organs of the human body based on mathematical calculations. This is in contrast to the traditional method of describing the location of the organs in relation to one another. The Gall bladder is traditionally described thus: 'It is situated on the right side of the body closely in contact with the inferior surface of", "title": "3D Indiana" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.23, "text": "is located in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen and below the diaphragm to which it is attached at one part, This is to the right of the stomach and it overlies the gall bladder. The liver produces bile, an important alkaline compound which aids digestion. Bile produced by the liver is made up of water (97%), bile salts, mucus and pigments, 1% fats and inorganic salts. Bilirubin is its major pigment. Bile acts partly as a surfactant which lowers the surface tension between either two liquids or a solid and a liquid and helps to emulsify the fats", "title": "Human digestive system" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 20.05, "text": "Gallbladder In vertebrates, the gallbladder is a small hollow organ where bile is stored and concentrated before it is released into the small intestine. In humans, the pear-shaped gallbladder lies beneath the liver, although the structure and position of the gallbladder can vary significantly among animal species. It receives and stores bile, produced by the liver, via the common hepatic duct and releases it via the common bile duct into the duodenum, where the bile helps in the digestion of fats. The gallbladder can be affected by gallstones, formed by material that cannot be dissolved – usually cholesterol or bilirubin,", "title": "Gallbladder" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.55, "text": "position between different people. Rarely, two or even three gallbladders may coexist, either as separate bladders draining into the cystic duct, or sharing a common branch that drains into the cystic duct. Additionally, the gallbladder may fail to form at all. Gallbladders with two lobes separated by a septum may also exist. These abnormalities are not likely to affect function and are generally asymptomatic. The location of the gallbladder in relation to the liver may also vary, with documented variants including gallbladders found within, above, on the left side of, behind, and detached or suspended from the liver. Such variants", "title": "Gallbladder" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.45, "text": "gall bladder and pancreas and filters the blood. The thymus is located in fatty tissue above the heart and is responsible for the generation of immune cells in the blood. The cardiovascular system of snakes is also unique for the presence of a renal portal system in which the blood from the snake's tail passes through the kidneys before returning to the heart. The vestigial left lung is often small or sometimes even absent, as snakes' tubular bodies require all of their organs to be long and thin. In the majority of species, only one lung is functional. This lung", "title": "Snake" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 19, "text": "surgeons Phillipe Mouret and Francois Dubois are often credited for their operations in 1987 and 1988 respectively. Gallbladder In vertebrates, the gallbladder is a small hollow organ where bile is stored and concentrated before it is released into the small intestine. In humans, the pear-shaped gallbladder lies beneath the liver, although the structure and position of the gallbladder can vary significantly among animal species. It receives and stores bile, produced by the liver, via the common hepatic duct and releases it via the common bile duct into the duodenum, where the bile helps in the digestion of fats. The gallbladder", "title": "Gallbladder" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 18.64, "text": "is shaped like a pear, with its tip opening into the cystic duct. The gallbladder is divided into three sections: the \"\"fundus\"\", \"\"body\"\", and \"\"neck\"\". The \"\"fundus\"\" is the rounded base, angled so that it faces the abdominal wall. The \"\"body\"\" lies in a depression in the surface of the lower liver. The \"\"neck\"\" tapers and is continuous with the cystic duct, part of the biliary tree. The gallbladder fossa, against which the fundus and body of the gallbladder lie, is found beneath the junction of hepatic segments IVB and V. The cystic duct unites with the common hepatic duct", "title": "Gallbladder" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 18.62, "text": "Urinary bladder The urinary bladder is a hollow muscular organ in humans and some other animals that collects and stores urine from the kidneys before disposal by urination. In the human the bladder is a hollow muscular, and distensible (or elastic) organ, that sits on the pelvic floor. Urine enters the bladder via the ureters and exits via the urethra. The typical human bladder will hold between 300 and (10.14 and ) before the urge to empty occurs, but can hold considerably more. In humans, the bladder is a hollow muscular organ situated at the base of the pelvis. Urine", "title": "Urinary bladder" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 18.39, "text": "Abdominal cavity The abdominal cavity is a large body cavity in humans and many other animals that contains many organs. It is a part of the abdominopelvic cavity. It is located below the thoracic cavity, and above the pelvic cavity. Its dome-shaped roof is the thoracic diaphragm, a thin sheet of muscle under the lungs, and its floor is the pelvic inlet, opening into the pelvis. Organs of the abdominal cavity include the stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, kidneys, large intestine, and adrenal glands. The abdominal cavity is lined with a protective membrane termed the peritoneum. The inside", "title": "Abdominal cavity" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 18.14, "text": "Kartagener syndrome can also manifest with male infertility as functional cilia are required for proper sperm flagella function. The condition affects all major structures within the thorax and abdomen. Generally, the organs are simply transposed through the sagittal plane. The heart is located on the right side of the thorax, the stomach and spleen on the right side of the abdomen and the liver and gall bladder on the left side. The heart's normal right atrium occurs on the left, and the left atrium is on the right. The lung anatomy is reversed and the left lung has three lobes", "title": "Situs inversus" } ]

[ "David J. Ryder", "David Motl" ]

[ { "hasanswer": true, "score": 27.86, "text": "David J. Ryder David J. Ryder (born October 14, 1955) is the current Director of the United States Mint. He formerly was in the same position from 1992 to 1993. David J. Ryder was born in Billings, Montana on October 14, 1955. He attended Boise State University. Ryder worked for the United States Department of Commerce as deputy commissioner general of the U.S. Pavilion at the 1984 Louisiana World Exposition 1983–84, and then commissioner general 1984–85. From 1985 to 1986, he worked in the Office of the Vice President of the United States as Director of Advance. He was director", "title": "David J. Ryder" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 27.83, "text": "November 1993 via a recess appointment. In 2017, Ryder was again nominated as Director of the United States Mint by President Donald Trump and confirmed by a voice vote on March 21, 2018. David J. Ryder David J. Ryder (born October 14, 1955) is the current Director of the United States Mint. He formerly was in the same position from 1992 to 1993. David J. Ryder was born in Billings, Montana on October 14, 1955. He attended Boise State University. Ryder worked for the United States Department of Commerce as deputy commissioner general of the U.S. Pavilion at the 1984", "title": "David J. Ryder" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 26.61, "text": "Director of the United States Mint The Director of the United States Mint is a presidential appointment needing Senate confirmation. David J. Ryder became director in April 2018. He previously served as director from 1992 to 1993. When the position of director is vacant, the senior career (non-political) official of the mint serves as the acting director/deputy director. Until the appointment of Mr. Ryder as director, the mint had been without an official director since the resignation of Edmund C. Moy in 2011. Richard A. Peterson succeeded Mr. Moy and was the longest-serving acting director/deputy director in the mint's history.", "title": "Director of the United States Mint" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 26.2, "text": "Mr. Peterson served between January 2011 and March 2017. In July 2015 Matthew Rhett Jeppson was nominated by President Barack Obama to become the mint's 39th director and was given the temporary title of principal deputy director. However, the nomination was never confirmed by the Senate. Mr. Jeppson stepped down as principal deputy director in January 2017, being replaced by Acting Principal Deputy Director David Motl. The office of director has existed since the creation of the Mint by the Coinage Act of 1792. Initially appointed serving at the pleasure of the President of the United States, the Coinage Act", "title": "Director of the United States Mint" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 26.06, "text": "of 1873 specified a five-year term for directors. The director operates with general directions provided by the United States Secretary of the Treasury. Director of the United States Mint The Director of the United States Mint is a presidential appointment needing Senate confirmation. David J. Ryder became director in April 2018. He previously served as director from 1992 to 1993. When the position of director is vacant, the senior career (non-political) official of the mint serves as the acting director/deputy director. Until the appointment of Mr. Ryder as director, the mint had been without an official director since the resignation", "title": "Director of the United States Mint" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.98, "text": "Philip N. Diehl Philip Noel Diehl (born June 11, 1951) is the 35th Director of the United States Mint. He is currently president of U.S. Money Reserve, a published analyst of gold markets, chairman of the board of the Standish Foundation for Children, and a member of the boards of the Industry Council for Tangible Assets, the Coalition for Equitable Regulation and Taxation, and the Gold and Silver Political Action Committee. Diehl was born in Dallas, Texas to Will A Diehl, a decorated World War II pilot who flew The Hump, and the former Wandah Marguerite Findley. He is married", "title": "Philip N. Diehl" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.05, "text": "Department and was named Chief of Staff to Treasury Secretary Bentsen. After serving as staff director of the Senate Finance Committee and chief of staff of the U.S. Treasury, Diehl was nominated by President Bill Clinton to be Director of the United States Mint. He was unanimously confirmed by the United States Senate and served in the position until March 2000. Diehl led a dramatic turnaround of the Mint. By the time he left the agency in March 2000, he had persuaded Congress to exempt the Mint from all procurement regulations and annual appropriations, eliminated nine of ten political patronage", "title": "Philip N. Diehl" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.83, "text": "Public Law 104-208, was abolished by Congress. On February 3, 2009, Mint Director Edmund C. Moy, appointed John Mercanti to the position of Chief Engraver, with duties and prerogatives determined by the Mints Office of Public Affairs. The appointment was not a restoration of the original congressionally approved office, but a temporary promotion, renewable annually for one officeholder for no more than five years. Since Mercanti's retirement in 2010 and as of 2017, no other person has been so promoted. Chief Engraver of the United States Mint The Chief Engraver of the United States Mint is the highest staff member", "title": "Chief Engraver of the United States Mint" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.78, "text": "for presidential appointments in the general areas of human, natural and cultural resources. In 2003, he served on the transition team for the newly created Department of Homeland Security. On June 29, 2006, President Bush nominated Moy to serve as the 38th Director of the United States Mint. He was sworn in on September 5 of the same year. Moy earned the Alexander Hamilton Medal for public service, awarded by then-Treasury Secretary Henry M. Paulson, Jr. Moy announced his resignation as Director of the United States Mint on December 20, 2010, effective January 9, 2011. After leaving the United States", "title": "Edmund C. Moy" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.72, "text": "Hill University from 2013 to 2014. On September 19, 2012, Boerio was nominated by President Barack Obama to become director of the United States Mint, however Congress never acted to confirm her appointment. She announced a congressional run in March 2018 for Pennsylvania's 14th congressional district. On May 15, 2018, she won the Democratic primary and became the party's nominee. In the November 2018 general election, Boerio was defeated by Republican Guy Reschenthaler. Boerio won 42.1% of the vote to Reschenthaler's 57.9% Bibiana Boerio Bibiana Boerio (born 17 March 1954) is an American businesswoman. She has served as the managing", "title": "Bibiana Boerio" } ]

[ "Yaya Touré" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24, "text": "Foreign Player\"\" of the year award by the Egyptian Football Association. His form in the 2014–15 season both for his club and the national team saw him nominated for the 2014–15 CAF African Footballer (Based in Africa) of the year award. Mohamed is part of the first team squad of the Burkina Faso national football team. He was selected for the national team for the first time in 2006. He made his first appearance and scored his first goal for Burkina Faso national football team on 15 November 2006 in a 2–1 win over Algeria national football team in a", "title": "Mohamed Koffi" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.8, "text": "the Constant Vanden Stock Stadium on 6 April 2014, a game in which he also assisted Cyriac. Tielemans won the Belgian Young Player of the Year award in each of his first two seasons. Tielemans scored 13 times in 37 Belgian First Division A matches as Anderlecht won the 2016–17 Belgian First Division A. He won the 2017 Ebony Shoe Award for best player of African origin, and was named 2016–17 Belgian Professional Footballer of the Year. He scored 5 goals in 15 2016–17 UEFA Europa League matches, with his club reaching the quarter-finals, and was selected in its Squad", "title": "Youri Tielemans" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.66, "text": "squads for a variety of tournaments, including at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom. In 2014, South Africa's coach Vera Pauw deployed Matlou—previously a striker, as a defender. In 2008, she became the first South African to be named African Women's Footballer of the Year by the Confederation of African Football. Noko Matlou Noko Alice Matlou (born 30 September 1985) is a South African women's footballer who plays as a striker for MaIndies. She has represented the South Africa women's national football team both as a striker and a defender. In 2008, Matlou became the first South African", "title": "Noko Matlou" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.41, "text": "as the top scorer in the CAF champions league with a total of 9 goals. His feat in the continental competition led to his nomination for the award of CAF African footballer of the year at the end of 2016. Following the departure of Chinedu Udoji to Kano Pillars in December 2016, Mfon Udoh was named the captain of Enyimba F.C. On September 14, 2018, he announced his departure after seeing off his contract with the club. In November 2014 he was called up to a friendly game between Nigerian and Ghanaian home-based teams. He made his first appearance for", "title": "Mfon Udoh" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.31, "text": "midfielder. She was nicknamed \"\"Seedorf\"\" after male footballer Clarence Seedorf and has also been referred to as \"\"Superzee\"\" by her teammates. She was named best player and with seven goals was also the top goal scorer at the 2014 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup. She was also named best player and second top goalscorer with the Super Falcons team who won the 2014 African Women's Championship. She also won the BBC Women's Footballer of the Year 2015. In September 2014 Oshoala was made a Member of the Order of the Niger by President of Nigeria Goodluck Jonathan. On 8 June", "title": "Asisat Oshoala" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.14, "text": "her country win the title. She also set a record by scoring nine overall goals during the tournament, and was named the best player of the tournament. Nkwocha was voted African Women's Footballer of the Year in 2004, 2005, 2010 and 2011 by Confederation of African Football (CAF). Nkwocha has also participated in four FIFA Women's World Cup (2003, 2007, 2011 and 2015), as well as the Olympic tournaments of Sydney 2000, Athens 2004, and Beijing 2008. She played for Swedish side Sunnanå SK in both the top division (Damallsvenskan) and the second division (Elitettan) leagues from 2007 until 2014.", "title": "Perpetua Nkwocha" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.14, "text": "time, Touré was voted African Footballer of the Year for 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014. Touré began his playing career at Ivorian club ASEC Mimosas, where he made his debut at age 18. His performances attracted attention from Europe. He had stints with Beveren, Metalurh Donetsk, Olympiacos and Monaco before moving to Barcelona in 2007. He played over 70 matches for the club and was part of the historic 2009 Barcelona side that won six trophies in a calendar year. In 2010, Touré moved to Premier League club Manchester City, where he scored a number of key goals, most notably", "title": "Yaya Touré" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.09, "text": "Abedi Pelé in 1992. \"\"France Football\"\" discontinued the election from 1995 after the European Ballon d'Or – also awarded by the magazine – had been opened to all players in the European leagues. On 2 February 2008, Sevilla's Frédéric Kanouté was named the 2007 African Footballer of the Year. Kanouté, who was born in France, is the first European-born player to win the award (he plays for his father's native country of Mali). The award by \"\"France Football\"\" magazine was awarded to the best African footballer between 1970 and 1994. The award was discontinued in 1995 after the European Footballer", "title": "African Footballer of the Year" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23, "text": "September 2013 on a 3-year contract. In August 2014, he signs a contract with Ajax Cape Town for one season. Zambia On 2 February 2008 Mulenga was named The 2007 Glo-CAF Young Player of the Year beating off competition from Congo Brazzaville’s Franchel Ibara and Nigeria’s Oseni Gani both of whom have been touted as future African stars. Clifford Mulenga Clifford Mulenga (born August 5, 1987 in Kabompo) is a Zambian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Ajax Cape Town in the South African Premier Soccer League. Mulenga was part of the Zambian 2006 African Nations Cup team who", "title": "Clifford Mulenga" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23, "text": "League at the end of his first season. In the 2015–16 season he was the Algerian Footballer of the Year, the PFA Players' Player of the Year, and was a member of the Premier League PFA Team of the Year as he helped Leicester City win the Premier League. Born in France, Mahrez made his international debut for Algeria in 2014 and represented them at the 2014 FIFA World Cup and both the 2015 and 2017 Africa Cup of Nations. In 2016 he was named CAF's African Footballer of the Year. Mahrez was born in Sarcelles, France, to an Algerian", "title": "Riyad Mahrez" } ]

[ "Lithium", "lithium" ]

[ { "hasanswer": true, "score": 23.5, "text": "cost, low toxicity, well-defined performance, long-term stability, etc. is finding a number of roles in vehicle use, utility scale stationary applications, and backup power. is a natural mineral of the olivine family (triphylite). Its use as a battery electrode which was first described in published literature by John B. Goodenough's research group at the University of Texas in 1996, as a cathode material for rechargeable lithium batteries. Because of its low cost, non-toxicity, the natural abundance of iron, its excellent thermal stability, safety characteristics, electrochemical performance, and specific capacity (170 mA·h/g, or 610 C/g) it has gained considerable market acceptance.", "title": "Lithium iron phosphate battery" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 22.47, "text": "increased tendency for costlier components to be targeted for replacement by new technologies. Current projections of the global market for lithium-ion batteries range from $26 billion in 2023 (\"\"Navigant Research\"\") to a very optimistic $33 billion in 2019 (\"\"Transparency Market Research\"\"). Lithium metal is an extremely soft, highly reactive, and flammable element. It is most frequently found in deposits such as spodumene and pegmatite minerals, with larger resources in the U.S., Canada, Australia, China, Zimbabwe, and Russia. Lithium possesses a unique chemical profile making it the lightest metal in the periodic table and the least dense solid element. Its atomic", "title": "Lithium as an investment" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 22.47, "text": "Lithium battery Lithium batteries are primary batteries that have lithium as an anode. These types of batteries are also referred to as lithium-metal batteries. They stand apart from other batteries in their high charge density (long life) and high cost per unit. Depending on the design and chemical compounds used, lithium cells can produce voltages from (comparable to a zinc–carbon or alkaline battery) to about . Disposable primary lithium batteries must be distinguished from secondary lithium-ion, lithium iron phosphate and lithium-polymer, which are rechargeable batteries. Lithium is especially useful, because its ions can be arranged to move between the anode", "title": "Lithium battery" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 22.11, "text": "Museum in London and the National Research Council of Canada conducted tests on it. Chris Stanley, from the Natural History Museum, described Jadarite as being unique to mineralogy. The mineral discovery may be commercially important because the mineral contains lithium and boron, both relatively rare industrially important elements. Lithium is used for lithium batteries; boron is used in alloys, ceramic, glasses, and other applications. It is estimated that there are 200 million tons of the lithium borate ore, which would make the future Jadar mines one of the world's largest lithium deposits, supplying 10% of the world's demand for lithium.", "title": "Jadarite" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.94, "text": "controlled by US Federal regulations. Another manufacturer states that \"\"button\"\" size lithium batteries contain perchlorate, which is regulated as a hazardous waste in California; regulated quantities would not be found in typical consumer use of these cells. Lithium battery Lithium batteries are primary batteries that have lithium as an anode. These types of batteries are also referred to as lithium-metal batteries. They stand apart from other batteries in their high charge density (long life) and high cost per unit. Depending on the design and chemical compounds used, lithium cells can produce voltages from (comparable to a zinc–carbon or alkaline battery)", "title": "Lithium battery" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.75, "text": "In 2015 researchers announced an electrolyte using superionic lithium-ion conductors, which are compounds of lithium, germanium, phosphorus and sulfur. In March 2017, researchers announced a solid-state battery with a glassy ferroelectric electrolyte of lithium, oxygen, and chlorine ions doped with barium, a lithium metal anode, and a composite cathode in contact with a copper substrate. A spring behind the copper cathode substrate holds the layers together as the electrodes change thickness. The cathode comprises particles of sulfur \"\"redox center\"\", carbon, and electrolyte. During discharge, the lithium ions plate the cathode with lithium metal and the sulfur is not reduced unless", "title": "Research in lithium-ion batteries" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.56, "text": "non-coordinating anion salts such as lithium hexafluorophosphate (), lithium hexafluoroarsenate monohydrate (), lithium perchlorate (), lithium tetrafluoroborate (), and lithium triflate (). Depending on materials choices, the voltage, energy density, life, and safety of a lithium-ion battery can change dramatically. Recently, novel architectures using nanotechnology have been employed to improve performance. Pure lithium is highly reactive. It reacts vigorously with water to form lithium hydroxide (LiOH) and hydrogen gas. Thus, a non-aqueous electrolyte is typically used, and a sealed container rigidly excludes moisture from the battery pack. Lithium-ion batteries are more expensive than NiCd batteries but operate over a wider", "title": "Lithium-ion battery" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.55, "text": "manganese oxide (), and lithium nickel oxide (). The anodes are generally made of carbon. Lithium iron phosphate exists naturally in the form of the mineral triphylite, but such material have insufficient purity for use in batteries. With general chemical formula of , adopts the olivine structure. M includes not only Fe but also Co, Mn and Ti. The first commercial was C/ and therefore, refer to the whole group of as lithium iron phosphate, . However, more than one olivine-type phase may be used as a battery's cathode material. Olivine compounds such as , , and have the same", "title": "Lithium iron phosphate" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.47, "text": "52 per cent increase in the estimated lithium resources at the Mina do Barroso Lithium Project in northern Portugal, saying the country could become the first European supplier of spodumene, a lithium-bearing mineral. The company said the estimated mineral resources at the mine now stood at 14 million tonnes. Lithium prices have risen in expectation of growing demand for the mineral, which is used in batteries for electric vehicles and for storing electricity from the power grid. Europe consumes more than 20 per cent of the global supply of battery-grade lithium but currently has to import all its supplies of", "title": "Portugal" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.45, "text": "of thionyl chloride (SOCl), lithium tetrachloroaluminate (), and niobium pentachloride () which act as the catholyte, electrolyte, electron sink, and dendrite preventive during reverse voltage condition, electrolyte, respectively. A porous carbon material serves as a cathode current collector which receives electrons from the external circuit. Lithium-thionyl chloride batteries are well suited to extremely low-current or moderate pulse applications where a service life of up to 40 years is necessary. The liquid organic electrolyte is a solution of an ion-forming inorganic lithium compound in a mixture of a high-permittivity solvent (propylene carbonate) and a low-viscosity solvent (dimethoxyethane). Engineers at the University", "title": "Lithium battery" } ]

[ "constitutional right" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.86, "text": "44th Amendment, w.e.f. 10.6.1979). The amendment ensured that the right to property‟ is no longer a fundamental right but rather a constitutional/legal right/as a statutory right and in the event of breach, the remedy available to an aggrieved person is through the High Court under Article 226 of the Indian Constitution and not the Supreme Court under Article 32 of the Constitution. State must pay compensation at the market value for such land, building or structure acquired (Inserted by Constitution, Seventeenth Amendment) Act, 1964, the same can be found in the earlier rulings when property right was a fundamental right", "title": "Land acquisition in India" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.75, "text": "on Property, Contracts, Right, Liabilities, Obligations and Suits Articles 294 - 300 on Succession to property assets, liabilities, and obligations. Article 300A on the Right to Property Article 300A - on Persons not to be deprived of property save by authority of law. Part XII of the Constitution of India Part XII is a compilation of laws pertaining to the constitution of India as a country and the union of states that it is made of. This part of the constitution consists of Articles on Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits. Articles 264 - 291 on Finance Articles 264 - 267", "title": "Part XII of the Constitution of India" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.75, "text": "that \"\"no person shall be deprived of his property save by authority of law.\"\" It also provided that compensation would be paid to a person whose property has been taken for public purposes. The provisions relating to the right to property were changed a number of times. The Forty-Fourth Amendment of 1978 deleted the right to property from the list of fundamental rights A new provision, Article 300-A, was added to the constitution, which provided that \"\"no person shall be deprived of his property save by authority of law\"\". Thus if a legislature makes a law depriving a person of", "title": "Fundamental rights in India" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.66, "text": "the Constitution of India, which has been made applicable to the State of Jammu and Kashmir and till date continues to be in force in the State, recognizes the right to own, hold and dispose of property, which right otherwise is inherent in the State subjects/citizens of the State of Jammu and Kashmir, who stand defined in terms of Elans/Orders of His Highness and the Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir. Laws have their own universe. They operate in matter and not in vacuum. The laws are located in time and space. In the State of Jammu and Kashmir, the immovable", "title": "Article 35A of the Constitution of India" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 24.56, "text": "his property, there would be no obligation on the part of the State to pay anything as compensation. The aggrieved person shall have no right to move the court under Article 32. Thus, the right to property is no longer a fundamental right, though it is still a constitutional right. If the government appears to have acted unfairly, the action can be challenged in a court of law by aggrieved citizens. The liberalisation of the economy and the government's initiative to set up special economic zones has led to many protests by farmers and have led to calls for the", "title": "Fundamental rights in India" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.28, "text": "Twenty-fifth Amendment of the Constitution of India The Twenty-fifth Amendment of the Constitution of India, officially known as The Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 1971, curtailed the right to property, and permitted the acquisition of private property by the government for public use, on the payment of compensation which would be determined by the Parliament and not the courts. The amendment also exempted any law giving effect to the article 39(b) and (c) of Directive Principles of State Policy from judicial review, even if it violated the Fundamental Rights. In 1970, the Supreme Court, in its judgement on \"\"Rustom Cavasjee Cooper", "title": "Twenty-fifth Amendment of the Constitution of India" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.2, "text": "1973 for any incompatibility with the basic structure doctrine. Section 4 of the 42nd Amendment, had changed of the constitution to accord precedence to the Directive Principles (earlier applicable only to clauses b & c of Article 39) over the fundamental rights of individuals. In Minerva Mills v. Union of India case, supreme court ruled that the amendment to the Article 31C is not valid and ultra vires. The Constitution originally provided for the right to property under Articles 19 and 31. Article 19 guaranteed to all citizens the right to acquire, hold and dispose of property. Article 31 provided", "title": "Fundamental rights in India" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.09, "text": "of a public interest litigation. This right cannot be suspended, except under the provisions of Article 359 when a state of emergency is declared. Please Note- Right to Property was removed from the Indian Constitution in 1978. Now it is not counted as a Fundamental Right. The Directive Principles of State Policy, embodied in Part IV of the Constitution, are directions given to the state to guide the establishment of an economic and social democracy, as proposed by the Preamble. They set forth the humanitarian and socialist instructions that were the aim of social revolution envisaged in India by the", "title": "Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.03, "text": "Fundamental Rights, embodied in Part III of the Constitution, guarantee civil rights to all Indians, and prevent the State from encroaching on individual liberty while simultaneously placing upon it an obligation to protect the citizens' rights from encroachment by society. Seven fundamental rights were originally provided by the Constitution – right to equality, right to freedom, right against exploitation, right to freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, right to property and right to constitutional remedies. However, the right to property was removed from Part III of the Constitution by the 44th Amendment in 1978. The purpose of the Fundamental", "title": "Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.83, "text": "property of a State subject/citizen, cannot be permitted to be transferred to a non State subject. This legal and constitutional protection is inherent in the State subjects of the State of Jammu and Kashmir and this fundamental and basic inherent right cannot be taken away in view of peculiar and special constitutional position occupied by State of Jammu and Kashmir. Article 35-A is clarificatory provision to clear the issue of constitutional position obtaining in rest of country in contrast to State of Jammu and Kashmir. This provision clears the constitutional relationship between people of rest of country with people of", "title": "Article 35A of the Constitution of India" } ]

[ "Donald Trump" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.44, "text": "of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and all nine of the Supreme Court Justices. Under the Presidential Succession Act, Kirkman is now President of the United States. Upon arrival at the White House, Kirkman (dressed in jeans and a hoodie) is sworn in by a DC appellate judge. He is then escorted by Richmond’s Deputy Chief of Staff, Aaron Shore, to the Presidential Emergency Operations Centre, which is abuzz with chaos in the aftermath of the bombing, and the most senior military officer in the room, General Harris Cochrane, demands that the US immediately moves onto a war footing. Overwhelmed,", "title": "Pilot (Designated Survivor)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.92, "text": "Milo Đukanović is the best, the smartest, and the right man to be the president of the republic. To those who bring up Mr. Đukanović's longevity on the political scene, my answer is: 'Imagine the United States of America with Barack Obama in a 16 or 24-year term instead of just 8 and image how much better the world would be. And then give a thought to why the most developed country in the world is currently in the process of amending its own constitution so that Xi Jinping can remain its leader'\"\". Bogdan Tanjević Bogdan Tanjević (; born 13", "title": "Bogdan Tanjević" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.92, "text": "to the current President of the United States of America, George W. Bush, and Her Majesty, Queen Elizabeth II,\"\" while the 2010 version of the current 15th edition is \"\"dedicated by permission to Barack Obama, President of the United States of America, and Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II.\"\" Encyclopædia Britannica The (Latin for \"\"British Encyclopaedia\"\"), published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia. It is written by about 100 full-time editors and more than 4,000 contributors. The 2010 version of the 15th edition, which spans 32 volumes and 32,640 pages, was the last printed edition; digital content", "title": "Encyclopædia Britannica" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 19.73, "text": "States which is not decided by popular vote. Nine vice presidents became president by virtue of a president's intra-term death or resignation. Donald Trump of New York is the 45th and current president. He assumed office on January 20, 2017. During the American Revolution in 1776, the Thirteen Colonies, acting through the Second Continental Congress, declared political independence from Great Britain. The new states were independent of each other as nation states and recognized the necessity of closely coordinating their efforts against the British. Congress desired to avoid anything that remotely resembled a monarchy and negotiated the Articles of Confederation", "title": "President of the United States" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.72, "text": "1–2: \"\"I mean that the current president of the United States is Max Foster. Max Foster the pop singer. He's setting up camps for anyone he thinks is too straight. It's hippy fascism.\"\" This is a reference to \"\"Wild in the Streets\"\" in which singer Max Frost becomes president and has everyone over 35 sent to \"\"re-education camps\"\". Max Foster is an analogue of the real life American president Richard Nixon, becoming president in 1969. Wild in the Streets Wild in the Streets is a 1968 film produced by American International Pictures and directed by Barry Shear. Based on a", "title": "Wild in the Streets" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.72, "text": "an expensive Jaguar owned by Jonathan \"\"Jock\"\" Hilliman, a member of the wealthy Hilliman family, and a friend of Lemaster's in university. Along with Hilliman and Lemaster Carlyle, the other two members of the group of friends were Malcolm Whisted, a United States senator now running for the presidency, and a man referred to only by his nickname, \"\"Scrunchy\"\", who is the current President of the United States of America. Although Jock Hilliman died in the 30 years between then and now, it seems that Zant was killed to prevent the truth being unveiled. Following a fierce bidding war in", "title": "New England White" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.69, "text": "an interview with \"\"National Review\"\", Robert Costa wrote the following, quoting Bolton: He wants to be president of the United States, or, at the very least, a provocative contender for the Republican nomination in 2016. 'My hypothesis is that voters are practical and they care more about national security than the media seems to believe; I think, right now, especially after two terms of President Obama, they want a president who has the know-how to lead during a crisis, a president who can defend our national interests, he says. After expressing interest in running for President, Bolton ultimately ruled himself", "title": "John R. Bolton" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 19.66, "text": "Donald Trump Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is the 45th and current President of the United States. Before entering politics, he was a businessman and television personality. Trump was born and raised in the New York City borough of Queens, and received an economics degree from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. He was appointed president of his family's real estate business in 1971, renamed it The Trump Organization, and expanded it from Queens and Brooklyn into Manhattan. The company built or renovated skyscrapers, hotels, casinos, and golf courses. Trump later started various side ventures, including", "title": "Donald Trump" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.64, "text": "featured more prominently, this time as the world's most wanted terrorist and a master of Battōjutsu. Ando was killed in the blast, which according to Peter, is the reason why Hiro lost his humorous side and became obsessed with changing the past. Nathan Petrelli is now the President of the United States, with Mohinder Suresh as his Chief Medical Advisor and Matt Parkman as the head of Homeland Security with the Haitian at his side. Niki Sanders has become a stripper again, adopting \"\"Jessica\"\", the name of both her former alter ego and sister, as her stage name. Her son", "title": "Five Years Gone" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.64, "text": "Sanders for President of the United States in the 2016 elections. Pearson stated, \"\"People are struggling in America. We need the right man in the White House. And in my opinion, that man is Senator Bernie Sanders.\"\" Later that month, Pearson published an article for MTV criticizing Trump and his presidential campaign, stating that the thought of a Trump presidency \"\"...scares the crap out of me,\"\" In August 2016, Pearson published an article in \"\"TIME\"\" in support of Trump, noting that his political views have changed drastically since 2015. He also noted that he supported Sanders and now Trump because,", "title": "CJ Pearson" } ]

[ "pituitary gland", "the temporal lobes", "the pituitary gland", "temporal lobes" ]

[ { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.88, "text": "wings of the sphenoid. It is traversed by the squamosal, sphenoparietal, sphenosquamosal, and sphenopetrosal sutures. It houses the temporal lobes of the brain and the pituitary gland. A middle fossa craniotomy is one means to surgically remove acoustic neuromas (vestibular schwannoma) growing within the internal auditory canal of the temporal bone. The middle part of the fossa presents, in front, the chiasmatic groove and tuberculum sellae; the chiasmatic groove ends on either side at the optic foramen, which transmits the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery to the orbital cavity. Behind the optic foramen the anterior clinoid process is directed backward", "title": "Middle cranial fossa" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.33, "text": "like the italic letter \"\"f\"\". It begins behind at the foramen lacerum, and ends on the medial side of the anterior clinoid process, where it is sometimes converted into a foramen (carotico-clinoid) by the union of the anterior with the middle clinoid process; posteriorly, it is bounded laterally by the lingula. This groove lodges the cavernous sinus and the internal carotid artery, the latter being surrounded by a plexus of sympathetic nerves. The lateral parts of the middle fossa are of considerable depth, and support the temporal lobes of the brain. They are marked by depressions for the brain convolutions", "title": "Middle cranial fossa" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.62, "text": "Anterior cranial fossa The anterior cranial fossa is a depression in the floor of the cranial base which houses the projecting frontal lobes of the brain. It is formed by the orbital plates of the frontal, the cribriform plate of the ethmoid, and the small wings and front part of the body of the sphenoid; it is limited behind by the posterior borders of the small wings of the sphenoid and by the anterior margin of the chiasmatic groove. The lesser wings of the sphenoid separate the anterior and middle fossae. It is traversed by the frontoethmoidal, sphenoethmoidal, and sphenofrontal", "title": "Anterior cranial fossa" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.42, "text": "Middle cranial fossa The middle cranial fossa, deeper than the anterior cranial fossa, is narrow medially and widens laterally to the sides of the skull. It is separated from the posterior fossa by the clivus and the petrous crest. It is bounded in front by the posterior margins of the lesser wings of the sphenoid bone, the anterior clinoid processes, and the ridge forming the anterior margin of the chiasmatic groove; behind, by the superior angles of the petrous portions of the temporal bones and the dorsum sellæ; laterally by the temporal squamæ, sphenoidal angles of the parietals, and greater", "title": "Middle cranial fossa" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.41, "text": "the sphenoid; it is usually completed laterally by the orbital plate of the frontal bone. It transmits to the orbital cavity the oculomotor, the trochlear, the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal, and the abducent nerves, some filaments from the cavernous plexus of the sympathetic, and the orbital branch of the middle meningeal artery; and from the orbital cavity a recurrent branch from the lacrimal artery to the dura mater, and the ophthalmic veins. Behind the medial end of the superior orbital fissure is the foramen rotundum, for the passage of the maxillary nerve. Behind and lateral to the foramen rotundum", "title": "Middle cranial fossa" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.31, "text": "is the foramen ovale, which transmits the mandibular nerve, the accessory meningeal artery, and the lesser superficial petrosal nerve. Medial to the foramen ovale is the foramen Vesalii, which varies in size in different individuals, and is often absent; when present, it opens below at the lateral side of the scaphoid fossa, and transmits a small vein. Lateral to the foramen ovale is the foramen spinosum, for the passage of the middle meningeal vessels, and a recurrent branch from the mandibular nerve. Medial to the foramen ovale is the foramen lacerum; in the fresh state the lower part of this", "title": "Middle cranial fossa" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.7, "text": "and traversed by furrows for the anterior and posterior branches of the middle meningeal vessels. These furrows begin near the foramen spinosum, and the anterior runs forward and upward to the sphenoidal angle of the parietal, where it is sometimes converted into a bony canal; the posterior runs lateralward and backward across the temporal squama and passes on to the parietal near the middle of its lower border. The following apertures are also to be seen. In front is the superior orbital fissure, bounded above by the small wing, below, by the great wing, and medially, by the body of", "title": "Middle cranial fossa" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.69, "text": "canal, for the transmission of the greater superficial petrosal nerve and the petrosal branch of the middle meningeal artery; beneath it, the smaller groove, for the passage of the lesser superficial petrosal nerve; and, near the apex of the bone, the depression for the semilunar ganglion and the orifice of the carotid canal. Middle cranial fossa The middle cranial fossa, deeper than the anterior cranial fossa, is narrow medially and widens laterally to the sides of the skull. It is separated from the posterior fossa by the clivus and the petrous crest. It is bounded in front by the posterior", "title": "Middle cranial fossa" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.64, "text": "and medialward and gives attachment to the tentorium cerebelli. Behind the tuberculum sellæ is a deep depression, the sella turcica, containing the fossa hypophyseos, which lodges the hypophysis, and presents on its anterior wall the middle clinoid processes. The sella turcica is bounded posteriorly by a quadrilateral plate of bone, the dorsum sellae, the upper angles of which are surmounted by the posterior clinoid processes: these afford attachment to the tentorium cerebelli, and below each is a notch for the abducent nerve. On either side of the sella turcica is the carotid groove, which is broad, shallow, and curved somewhat", "title": "Middle cranial fossa" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.59, "text": "aperture is filled up by a layer of fibrocartilage, while its upper and inner parts transmit the internal carotid artery surrounded by a plexus of sympathetic nerves. The nerve of the pterygoid canal and a meningeal branch from the ascending pharyngeal artery pierce the layer of fibrocartilage. On the anterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone are seen the eminence caused by the projection of the superior semicircular canal; in front of and a little lateral to this a depression corresponding to the roof of the tympanic cavity; the groove leading to the hiatus of the facial", "title": "Middle cranial fossa" } ]

[ "Tulsa, Oklahoma" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.14, "text": "told the police that Johnny and Pony were in Texas, and gives Pony a note from Sodapop. They go out to get something to eat, then return to find the church on fire with children trapped inside. The Greasers turn into heroes as they rescue the kids from the burning church. It doesn't take long for Ponyboy and Dally to heal up. Johnny, on the other hand, ends up with a broken back and severe burns. The boys are praised for their heroism, but Johnny is charged with manslaughter for killing Bob, while Ponyboy may be sent to a boys'", "title": "The Outsiders (film)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.33, "text": "and a loaded gun, directing them to hide in an abandoned church in Windrixville. During their stay there, Pony cuts and dyes his hair as a disguise, reads \"\"Gone with the Wind\"\" to Johnny, and, upon viewing a beautiful sunrise, recites the poem \"\"Nothing Gold Can Stay\"\" by Robert Frost. Days later, Dally comes to check on them, revealing that violence between the greasers and Socs has escalated since Bob's death into all-out city-wide warfare, with Cherry acting out of guilt as a spy for the greasers. Johnny decides to turn himself in and Dally agrees to take the boys", "title": "The Outsiders (novel)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.8, "text": "The Outsiders (novel) The Outsiders is a coming-of-age novel by S. E. Hinton, first published in 1967 by Viking Press. Hinton was 15 when she started writing the novel but did most of the work when she was 16 and a junior in high school. Hinton was 18 when the book was published. The book details the conflict between two rival gangs divided by their socioeconomic status: the working-class \"\"greasers\"\" and the upper-class \"\"Socs\"\" (pronounced —short for \"\"Socials\"\"). The story is told in first-person perspective by teenaged protagonist Ponyboy Curtis. The story in the book takes place in Tulsa, Oklahoma,", "title": "The Outsiders (novel)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.7, "text": "film helped spark the Brat Pack genre of the 1980s. Both Lane and Dillon went on to appear in Coppola's related film \"\"Rumble Fish\"\". Emilio Estevez went on to be in \"\"That Was Then... This Is Now\"\", the only S. E. Hinton film adaptation not to star Matt Dillon. The movie received mostly positive reviews from critics, and performed well at the box office, grossing $33 million on a $10 million budget. In Tulsa, Oklahoma, greasers are a gang of tough, low-income working-class teens. They include Ponyboy Curtis and his two older brothers, Sodapop and Darrel, as well as Johnny", "title": "The Outsiders (film)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.06, "text": "back home. As they attempt to leave, they notice the church has caught fire and several local schoolchildren have become trapped inside. The greasers run inside the burning church to save the children, but Ponyboy is rendered unconscious by the fumes. At the hospital he discovers that he and Dally are not badly injured, but a piece of the church roof fell on Johnny and broke his back. Sodapop and Darry come to the hospital; Darry breaks down and cries. Ponyboy then realizes that Darry cares about him, and is only hard on him because he loves him and cares", "title": "The Outsiders (novel)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.03, "text": "police. The greasers find Dally deliberately pointing an unloaded gun at the police, causing them to shoot and kill him. Overwhelmed, Ponyboy faints and is sick in bed for many days due to the resulting concussion from the rumble. When the hearing finally comes, the judge frees Ponyboy from responsibility for Bob's death and allows Pony to remain at home with Darry and Soda. Ponyboy returns to school, but his grades drop. Although he is failing English, his teacher, Mr. Syme, says he will pass him if he writes a decent theme. In the copy of \"\"Gone with the Wind\"\"", "title": "The Outsiders (novel)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.92, "text": "she is unwilling to visit Johnny in the hospital because he killed her boyfriend. Pony calls her a traitor, but after she explains herself they end on good terms. After escaping the hospital, Dally shows up just in time for the rumble. The greasers win the brutal fight. Afterward, Pony and Dally hurry back to the hospital to see Johnny, but he dies moments later and a maniacal Dally runs out of the room. Pony returns home that night feeling confused and disoriented. Dally calls the house to say that he has robbed a store and is running from the", "title": "The Outsiders (novel)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.89, "text": "time. The first cinematic representation of the greaser subculture was the 1953 film \"\"The Wild One\"\". Greasers are central characters in the 1957 musical \"\"West Side Story\"\" and its 1961 film adaptation, the 1967 novel \"\"The Outsiders\"\" and its 1983 film adaptation, the 1974 film \"\"The Lords of Flatbush\"\", and the 1979 film \"\"The Wanderers\"\". The phenomenon was given a more farcical treatment in the 1971 stage musical \"\"Grease\"\" (along with its 1978 film adaptation), which drew its name from the subculture and was based on real-life Chicago Polish greasers in the late 1950s. The band Sha-Na-Na models their on-stage", "title": "Greaser (subculture)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 20.53, "text": "behalf of her seventh and eighth grade students about adapting \"\"The Outsiders\"\". When Coppola read the book, he was moved not only to adapt and direct it, but to follow it the next year by adapting Hinton's novel \"\"Rumble Fish\"\". The latter film's cast also included Matt Dillon, Diane Lane, and Glenn Withrow. The film was shot on location in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Coppola filmed \"\"The Outsiders\"\" and \"\"Rumble Fish\"\" back-to-back in 1982—a newspaper, used to show a story about the three greasers saving the kids in \"\"The Outsiders\"\", includes a real story from 1982 regarding the death of a man", "title": "The Outsiders (film)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.47, "text": "about his future. The following morning the newspapers declare Pony and Johnny heroes, but Johnny will be charged with manslaughter for Bob's death. Two-Bit tells them that the greaser–Soc rivalry is to be settled in a final rumble. Ponyboy and Two-Bit are approached by a Soc named Randy, Bob's best friend, who expresses remorse for his involvement in the gang war, lacks confidence about the rumble ending the feud, and says he will not participate. Later, Ponyboy visits Johnny at the hospital, where he is in critical condition. On their way home, Pony spots Cherry and they talk. Cherry says", "title": "The Outsiders (novel)" } ]

[ "Dr. Lexie Grey", "Lexie" ]

[ { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.86, "text": "on August 27, 2013 by Buena Vista Home Entertainment. The season follows the characters dealing with the aftermath of the season eight plane crash that claimed the life of Lexie Grey (Chyler Leigh) and upon rescue Mark Sloan (Eric Dane), who dies after sustaining injuries from the crash. Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey) finds his surgical career in doubt after badly damaging his hand but Callie Torres (Sara Ramirez) ultimately manages to save his hand. The show's protagonist Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo) deals with the loss of her half-sister Lexie and later discovers that she is pregnant. Cristina Yang (Sandra Oh)", "title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 9)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.73, "text": "operating on their own surgeries. The early episodes of the season depict the characters dealing with the aftermath of the season eight plane crash that claimed the life of Lexie Grey (Chyler Leigh) and upon rescue Mark Sloan (Eric Dane), who dies in the first episode. Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey) finds his surgical career in doubt after badly damaging his hand but ultimately his sister Liz (Neve Campbell) donates a nerve from her leg and Callie Torres (Sara Ramirez) is able to save his hand. Later, Shepherd receives more good news when his wife Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo) discovers that", "title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 9)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 24.59, "text": "careers. However, all plans are put on hold when several doctors from Seattle Grace Mercy West Hospital are engaged in a plane crash, which kills Lexie and endangers Meredith, Shepherd, Yang, Robbins, and Sloan. At the conclusion of the eighth season, Altman is courteously fired by Hunt as she struggles to decide whether or not to take the job as Chief at the United States Army Medical Command (MEDCOM). In the season nine premiere, Sloan dies due to sustained injuries from the plane crash following a brief relapse of temporary health (the surge) and the remaining characters work through their", "title": "Grey's Anatomy" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 24.34, "text": "plane crashes. In \"\"Flight\"\" the six doctors and the pilot fight to survive. Derek's hand is severely injured, as is Arizona's leg. Lexie is trapped and crushed beneath part of the plane. She and Mark finally confess their love to each other, and within moments, she dies. Mere seconds later, Meredith arrives too late, and is devastated by her sister's death. They soon realize that Mark has severe internal injuries. The season ends with the 5 remaining surgeons in peril, lost in the woods and not knowing when or if help will come. The season received mostly positive reviews. Tanner", "title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 8)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.03, "text": "who is severely traumatized upon rescue and later decides to take up her fellowship in Minnesota. Arizona Robbins (Jessica Capshaw) another survivor of the plane crash upon return realizes that her leg has to be amputated to save her life, reacts badly to this, becoming bitter and blaming her wife Callie and her former friend Alex Karev (Justin Chambers). To prevent the doctors' court case from being thrown out, Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd) decides to divorce Yang, but the two agree to start again. The hospital itself becomes liable for the crash, putting its future in extreme doubt prompting the", "title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 9)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 23.58, "text": "Flight (Grey's Anatomy) \"\"Flight\"\" is the twenty-fourth and final episode of the eighth season of the American television medical drama \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\", and the show's 172nd episode overall. It was written by series creator Shonda Rhimes, and directed by Rob Corn. The episode was originally broadcast on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States on May 17, 2012. In the episode, six doctors from Seattle Grace Mercy West Hospital who are victims of an aviation accident fight to stay alive, but Dr. Lexie Grey (Chyler Leigh) ultimately dies. Other storylines occur in Seattle where Dr. Richard Webber (James", "title": "Flight (Grey's Anatomy)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.33, "text": "becoming bitter and blaming her wife Callie and her former friend Alex Karev (Justin Chambers) and refuses to leave her bed or return to work. Derek discovers that prior to the plane crash, the hospital had recently changed airlines to one with a poorer safety record for budgetary reasons, resulting in the four crash survivors (Grey, Shepherd, Robbins and Yang) deciding to pursue a lawsuit, and it soon becomes apparent that chief of surgery Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd) had given the go-ahead to the change. To prevent the doctors' court case from being thrown out, Hunt decides to divorce Yang,", "title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 9)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.28, "text": "Angeles. After realizing Dr. Teddy Altman (Kim Raver) was offered a chief position at United States Army Medical Command (MEDCOM) and is refusing to leave Seattle out of loyalty, Dr. Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd), the chief of surgery, fires her to free her from the hospital where her husband died. As the episode ends, Hunt picks up his messages to discover the surgical team never made it to Boise. The residents, finally excited to celebrate at Webber's dinner, are left waiting for their stranded friends. The remaining crash survivors are left struggling to stay awake as their last match goes", "title": "Flight (Grey's Anatomy)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 23.25, "text": "her to write the finale, adding: \"\"I did not enjoy it. It made me sick and it made me sad.\"\" Rhimes also explained the departure of Leigh, whose character died after the plane crash, by saying that the two came to an agreement on the decision to kill Lexie, after extensive discussion. Speaking of Raver's departure whose character left Seattle Grace for MEDCOM, Rhimes elaborated that Raver was offered a contract renewal, but declined. The episode received mixed reviews among television critics, and it outperformed the previous episode in terms of both viewership and ratings. \"\"Flight\"\" was originally broadcast on", "title": "Flight (Grey's Anatomy)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 22.84, "text": "One Flight Down (Grey's Anatomy) \"\"One Flight Down\"\" is the twentieth episode of the eleventh season of the American television medical drama \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\", and is the 240th episode overall. It aired on April 16, 2015 on ABC in the United States. The episode was written Austin Guzman and directed by David Greenspan. The episode features a plane crash in Seattle bringing patients to Grey Sloan Memorial and old memories of the season 8's tragic plane crash that claimed the lives of Mark Sloan (Eric Dane) and Lexie Grey (Chyler Leigh) back to Meredith Grey, Arizona Robbins and Owen Hunt.", "title": "One Flight Down (Grey's Anatomy)" } ]

[ "Yakima (Washington)", "Idaho", "Washington", "western Canyon County, Idaho", "Willamette (Oregon)", "Oregon" ]

[ { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.23, "text": "were imported through Dublin alone. Important production centres today are the Hallertau in Germany, the Žatec (Saaz) in the Czech Republic, the Yakima (Washington) and Willamette (Oregon) valleys, and western Canyon County, Idaho (including the communities of Parma, Wilder, Greenleaf, and Notus). The principal production centres in the UK are in Kent (which produces Kent Goldings hops), Herefordshire, and Worcestershire. Essentially all of the harvested hops are used in beer making. Although hops are grown in most of the continental United States and Canada, cultivation of hops for commercial production requires a particular environment. As hops are a climbing plant,", "title": "Hops" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.73, "text": "modern machinery was invented to make the holes for the hop poles. Hops production is concentrated in moist temperate climates, with much of the world's production occurring near the 48th parallel north. Hop plants prefer the same soils as potatoes and the leading potato-growing states in the United States are also major hops-producing areas; however, not all potato-growing areas can produce good hops naturally: soils in the Maritime Provinces of Canada, for example, lack the boron that hops prefer. Historically, hops were not grown in Ireland, but were imported from England. In 1752 more than 500 tons of English hops", "title": "Hops" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.97, "text": "\"\"Humulus japonicus\"\" has a lateral range from North Dakota all the way to Maine and a vertical range from Minnesota to Georgia. Japanese hops grow well given plentiful sunlight and moisture, nutrient rich soil, and are most commonly found along stream banks and floodplains. Japanese hops do not grow as well in shaded areas and drier soils. In milder climates, it can survive the winter. The Japanese hop can adapt well to new environments. Its range and distribution in North America prove that it can thrive in a wide range of environments, from the southern regions of the U.S. to", "title": "Humulus japonicus" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 23.78, "text": "New York state's \"\"hop belt\"\" numerous hop barns were constructed between the early 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. Ostego, Chenango, Madison, Oneida, Montgomery and Schoharie Counties were the primary areas contained within the hop belt. As hops production basically dwindled down to only Washington state, in the U.S., the remaining hop houses elsewhere have begun to disappear. Defunct hop kilns are found in areas where hops production is still ongoing, in Kent, England, for instance. The design of hop houses changed significantly over time, as did the area hops were grown in. In New York, for", "title": "Functionally classified barn" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.3, "text": "Emil Clemens Horst Emil Clemens Horst (18 March 1867 – 24 May 1940) was a major figure in the cultivation, harvest and sale of hops in the United States. Horst emigrated to the U.S. as a child in 1874 from Tuttlingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. In the mid 1880s he purchased a small plot of land along the Bear River, near Wheatland, California, and began cultivating hops. He soon bought out two other hop growers, Hugh Roddan and Joseph M.C. Jasper. By 1898, Horst's operation had grown to the point that ten hop drying kilns ran daily during the harvest and a", "title": "Emil Clemens Horst" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 23.27, "text": "As a result, in 1603, King James I approved an Act of Parliament banning the practice by which \"\"the Subjects of this Realm have been of late years abused &c. to the Value of £20,000 yearly, besides the Danger of their Healths\"\". Hop cultivation was begun in the present-day United States in 1629 by English and Dutch farmers. Before prohibition, cultivation was mainly centred around New York, California, Oregon, and Washington state. Problems with powdery mildew and downy mildew devastated New York's production by the 1920s, and California only produces hops on a small scale. Hop bars were used before", "title": "Hops" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.02, "text": "Humulus lupulus Humulus lupulus (common hop or hops) is a species of flowering plant in the hemp family (Cannabaceae), native to Europe, western Asia and North America. It is a dioecious, perennial, herbaceous climbing plant which sends up new shoots in early spring and dies back to a cold-hardy rhizome in autumn. Hops are described as bine plants rather than vine because, unlike vines, they have stiff downward facing hairs that provide stability and allow them to climb. These shoots allow \"\"H. lupulus\"\" to grow anywhere from . Hops have fragrant, wind-pollinated flowers that attract butterflies. The female cone shaped", "title": "Humulus lupulus" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.69, "text": "was a leading grower of hops in the Central Valley of California. The Durst Ranch, located on 640 acres () outside the town of Wheatland in Yuba County, California, was the largest single employer of agricultural labor in the state, requiring each summer the hiring of hundreds of seasonal workers to help bring in the harvest. The farm also dried and packaged the picked hops on site, before transporting them by train to San Francisco for export to England. In the summer of 1913 Durst advertised for temporary harvest workers as he had always done, promising ample work at high", "title": "Wheatland hop riot" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 22.61, "text": "50% of an aroma hop grown in Oregon because of cone browning after drying, resulting in an additional US $5 million in losses that year. These losses have contributed to economic depression in the hop market and have forced several growers to declare bankruptcy. Currently, hop powdery mildew exists annually in all production regions in the United States. While more research is necessary to understand \"\"Podosphaera macualaris\"\" and control, the current management system has returned economics to hop industry. Disease levels have decreased and control costs have been reduced to $740/ha on average. Unlike New York and California, hop production", "title": "Podosphaera macularis" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 22.61, "text": "to hop yards. Cascade was named after the Cascade mountain range that runs through the states of Washington, Oregon, California and the Canadian province of British Columbia. The hop variety was first used commercially in 1975 by the Anchor Brewing Company, which established it as a signature hop for American pale ale. A visual characteristic of the plant is its dark green elongated cones which contain moderate to somewhat high amounts of alpha acids compared to many other hop types. The plant is grown in various places around the United States of America, British Columbia Alberta, Canada, Argentina and in", "title": "Cascade hop" } ]

[ "Spike" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.81, "text": "Tom going back inside to rescue Jerry, leaving them both homeless. Wandering through the city for shelter, the duo meet a dog named Puggsy and his flea friend named Frankie whom they persuade the duo to be friends. While finding food from some nearby bins for a feast, Puggsy and Frankie are captured by two dogcatchers while Tom and Jerry end up in a tussle with some alley cats. Later, the duo cross paths with an 8-year-old girl named Robyn Starling, who has run away from home since her mother died when she was still a baby and her father", "title": "Tom and Jerry: The Movie" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 24.19, "text": "he is named \"\"Killer\"\", and in \"\"The Truce Hurts\"\" he signs his name \"\"Butch\"\" on the treaty peace paper. He is also a Devil Dog in \"\"Heavenly Puss\"\". In Tom's later attempts to catch Jerry, he has to deal with Spike for bothering his son. In 1949's \"\"Love That Pup\"\", Spike was given a puppy son, Tyke, who became another popular supporting character in the \"\"Tom and Jerry\"\" cartoons. His voice was taken over by Daws Butler, who styled Spike's voice after Jimmy Durante taking after his 1940s radio series with Garry Moore. He is named \"\"Spike\"\" from then on", "title": "Spike and Tyke (characters)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.05, "text": "Puttin' on the Dog Puttin' on the Dog is a 1944 American one-reel animated cartoon and is the 16th \"\"Tom and Jerry\"\" short directed by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera and produced by Fred Quimby. It was released in theatres on October 28, 1944, by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The cartoon was animated by Pete Burness, Ray Patterson, Irven Spence and Kenneth Muse, and the music was composed by Scott Bradley (who in this cartoon was the first composer to use Arnold Schoenberg's twelve-tone technique in any film score). The cartoon revolves around Tom's attempts to disguise himself as a dog in order", "title": "Puttin' on the Dog" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.55, "text": "was also filmed in the standard Academy ratio and format. Tom (named \"\"Jasper\"\" in his debut appearance) is a grey and white domestic shorthair cat. (\"\"Tom\"\" is a generic name for a male cat.) He is usually but not always, portrayed as living a comfortable, or even pampered life, while Jerry (named \"\"Jinx\"\" in his debut appearance) is a small, brown, house mouse who always lives in close proximity to Tom. Despite being very energetic, determined and much larger, Tom is no match for Jerry's wits. Jerry also possesses surprising strength for his size, approximately the equivalent of Tom's, lifting", "title": "Tom and Jerry" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.42, "text": "from an Italian dog. Topo then recognizes Tom and Jerry and befriends them, showing the duo the sights and treating them to local delicacies. Tom struggles with his large sandwich, making Jerry laugh, but Topo then drops a form of caciocavallo into Jerry, making Jerry inflate. The Italian dog and his two friends follow behind and confront Topo. However, with the help of some very large cheeses, the dogs retreat into the Bay of Naples and Tom, Jerry and Topo emerge victorious. Tom shakes Topo's hand and Jerry hugs him before they board a ship for their home. As they", "title": "Neapolitan Mouse" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 23.34, "text": "That's My Pup! That's My Pup! is a 1953 one reel animated \"\"Tom and Jerry\"\" short, directed by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera and produced by Fred Quimby with music by Scott Bradley. The short was animated by animators Kenneth Muse, Ray Patterson, Ed Barge and Irven Spence, with backgrounds by Robert Gentle. This cartoon features the third pairing of Spike with his son Tyke. It was released on April 25, 1953 by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The episode title is a pun on the phrase \"\"That's my boy!\"\" Spike is teaching Tyke the three important rules of being a dog: being man's", "title": "That's My Pup!" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 23.09, "text": "Dog Trouble Dog Trouble is a 1942 American one-reel animated cartoon and is the fifth \"\"Tom and Jerry\"\" cartoon released. It was produced in Technicolor, released to theaters on April 18, 1942 by Metro-Goldwyn Mayer and reissued for re-release on June 21, 1952. It was animated by George Gordon, Irven Spence, Jack Zander, Cecil Surry and Bill Littlejohn. The cartoon introduces the character of Spike, who would later become a recurring supporting character in the \"\"Tom and Jerry\"\" and later Metro-Goldwyn-Meyer shorts. In this cartoon, Spike serves as the main antagonist, forcing Tom and Jerry to team up for the", "title": "Dog Trouble" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.06, "text": "the head, but retrieves it, and continues barking at Tom. DVD Puttin' on the Dog Puttin' on the Dog is a 1944 American one-reel animated cartoon and is the 16th \"\"Tom and Jerry\"\" short directed by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera and produced by Fred Quimby. It was released in theatres on October 28, 1944, by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The cartoon was animated by Pete Burness, Ray Patterson, Irven Spence and Kenneth Muse, and the music was composed by Scott Bradley (who in this cartoon was the first composer to use Arnold Schoenberg's twelve-tone technique in any film score). The cartoon revolves", "title": "Puttin' on the Dog" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.8, "text": "leave, Topo and the dogs bid them farewell. Laserdisc VHS DVD Neapolitan Mouse The Neapolitan Mouse is a 1954 one-reel animated \"\"Tom and Jerry\"\" short directed by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera and produced by Fred Quimby with music by Scott Bradley. The cartoon was animated by Ed Barge, Irven Spence, Ray Patterson and Kenneth Muse, with backgrounds by John Didrik Johnsen. It was released on October 2, 1954 by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Tom and Jerry both arrive in Naples, Italy. Tom chases Jerry until an Italian mouse named Topo defends Jerry. Topo explains that he dislikes it when a bigger creature", "title": "Neapolitan Mouse" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 22.8, "text": "slowed down, causing him to struggle. Spike then allows Tyke to bark in his place while Tom continues trying to climb up the flagpole. By nighttime, Tyke was still barking away that Tom still climbs in fear, while Spike says, \"\"That's my boy doing' that\"\". And Spike is sleeping at the doghouse with Jerry. That's My Pup! That's My Pup! is a 1953 one reel animated \"\"Tom and Jerry\"\" short, directed by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera and produced by Fred Quimby with music by Scott Bradley. The short was animated by animators Kenneth Muse, Ray Patterson, Ed Barge and", "title": "That's My Pup!" } ]

[ "Nigeria" ]

[ { "hasanswer": true, "score": 22.25, "text": "earnings in Ghana, South Africa, and Tanzania. Diamond was a significant source of export earnings in the Central African Republic and South Africa, as was uranium in Niger. Africa's natural gas exporters included Algeria, which had 72% of the continent's natural gas exports, Nigeria, 13%, Egypt, 9%, and Libya, 6%. Europe received 91% of African total natural gas exports and was the destination of 95% of Africa's natural gas exports by pipeline and 88% of Africa's liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports. The United States received 11% of Africa's LNG exports, and countries of the Asia and the Pacific region, 1%.", "title": "Mineral industry of Africa" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.11, "text": "the Sahara Desert, which brings in the dry season Oron is rich in oil and natural gas. Most of its oil reserves are off-shore. There are 25 corked oil wells. Oron is presently rated as having one of the highest supplies of natural gas deposits in sub-Saharan Africa with large amounts of untapped natural gas and oil at Ukpata, Udung Okung, and Edik Ekpu. The region is extremely fertile and is known for its topographical Oil Palm Belt, tropical rainforest, swamps, and beaches. The mangrove forests also provide timber and raw materials for medicinal purposes. There are also deposits of", "title": "Oron people" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.42, "text": "Niger Delta region, as well as those generated by early European traders like the Lander Brothers, and the United African Company - UAC. Engenni Kingdom is rich in crude oil and natural gas, and exploration and exploitation of these minerals began since 1956. The Shell Petroleum Development Company (formerly Royal Dutch Shell) found petroleum in commercial quantities at the Adebawa wells of Joinkrama, and have since then been engaged in commercial oil and gas activities in the area. The Adebawa oil wells of Joinkrama ranks only second to Oloibiri, where oil was first found in commercial quantities in Nigerie. This", "title": "Engenni people" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.22, "text": "lack of food security and limited water resources, for these factors are necessary for life and therefore take priority over energy initiation. North Africa is dominant in oil and in gas, for Libya obtains approximately 50% of the oil reserves available in Africa. Libya designated USD $5 billion to assert programs and regulations that will reduce carbon emissions. Resources, such as oil and gas, are also prevalent in Algeria, in addition to natural gas. According to the Renewable Energy Sector in N. Africa, solar capacity is also extremely relevant in North Africa. The total power installed in North Africa region", "title": "Energy in Africa" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.08, "text": "Africa are South Africa, Libya, Namibia, Egypt, Tunisia, and Zimbabwe, which each consume between 1000 and 5000 KWh/m per person, in contrast with African states such as Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Tanzania, where electricity consumption per person is negligible. Petroleum and petroleum products are the main export of 14 African countries. Petroleum and petroleum products accounted for a 46.6% share of Africa's total exports in 2010; the second largest export of Africa as a whole is natural gas, in its gaseous state and as liquified natural gas, accounting for a 6.3% share of Africa's exports. Lack of infrastructure creates barriers for", "title": "Economy of Africa" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 20.78, "text": "exhibits some nuclear resources. In addition to coal reserves, Nigeria contains natural gas and oil resources. “In Guinea, West Africa, the US is making significant input in the area of environmental protection.” These progressive steps will improve agricultural production technologies and exchange trade opportunities. “In Guinea 115,000 hectares of forests and tree plantations have been placed under sustainable management…USAID has assisted more than 37,000 farmers to improve agricultural production through sustainable management practices, and has helped establish over 2,800 new businesses.” Central Africa has abundant hydro-electric resources due to the multiple rivers that run through this region. The publication Energy", "title": "Energy in Africa" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.66, "text": "in Milnerton is one of four refineries in South Africa and is capable of processing 100,000 barrels of crude oil a day. There is an estimated one trillion cubic feet of natural gas reserves in the Bredasdorp Basin south-east of Cape Town. The province's strategic location plays an important role in the growth of the local energy industry. With 32.2% of all West Africa's and 23.7% of all Middle Eastern oil produced in these regions being transported around the Cape of Good Hope. The servicing and maintenance of oil rigs and shipping involved in the transportation of oil and gas", "title": "Economy of the Western Cape" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.64, "text": "is particularly well-endowed with this strategic raw material: five Persian Gulf states, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, the UAE, Kuwait, and Qatar, are among the top ten petroleum or gas exporters worldwide. In Africa, Algeria (10th world) and Libya are important gas exporters. In addition Bahrain, Egypt, Tunisia, and Sudan all have smaller but significant reserves. Where present, these have had significant effects on regional politics, often enabling rentier states, leading to economic disparities between oil-rich and oil-poor countries, and, particularly in the more sparsely populated states of the Persian Gulf and Libya, triggering extensive labor immigration. It is believed that the", "title": "Arab world" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.61, "text": "process optimization. According to Stephen Karekezi, Director of African Energy Policy Research Network and co-worker Waeni Kithyoma, Africa is third largest in crude oil reserves (behind the Middle East and Latin America), third largest in natural gas resources (behind the Middle East and Europe), second greatest for uranium (behind Australia), and is plentiful in hydro energy potentials and other renewable energy, such as bio-energy and solar energy. Professor Iwayemi states that there are conventional energy sources in Africa: hydroelectric and wood fuels, coal lignite, crude oil, natural gas and nuclear fuels, and there are unconventional energy sources, such as solar,", "title": "Energy in Africa" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 20.55, "text": "West African Gas Pipeline The West African Gas Pipeline (WAGP) is a natural gas pipeline to supply gas from Nigeria's Escravos region of Niger Delta area to Benin, Togo and Ghana. It is the first regional natural gas transmission system in sub-Saharan Africa. The project began in 1982, when the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) proposed the development of a natural gas pipeline throughout West Africa. In 1991 a feasibility report conducted by the World Bank on supplying Nigerian gas on West African markets deemed that a project was commercially viable. In September 1995, the governments of four", "title": "West African Gas Pipeline" } ]

[ "the Indian Ocean" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.94, "text": "world's last remaining fleets of pearl diving ships. Australian pearl divers dive for south sea pearl oysters to be used in the cultured south sea pearl industry. The catch of pearl oysters is similar to the numbers of oysters taken during the natural pearl days. Hence significant numbers of natural pearls are still found in the Australian Indian Ocean waters from wild oysters. X-ray examination is required to positively verify natural pearls found today. Keshi pearls, although they often occur by chance, are not considered natural. They are a byproduct of the culturing process, and hence do not happen without", "title": "Pearl" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.72, "text": "a lot of detail about India, albeit not all accurate, but his observations do more than just outline the bare bones of history, and help give us some picture of how intimately Indian culture and trade was becoming known: \"\"Coral is as highly valued among the Indians as Indian pearls. It is also found in the Red Sea, but there it is darker in colour. The most prized is found in the Gallic Gulf around the Stoechades Islands, in the Sicilian Gulf around the Aeolian Islands, and around Drepanum. . . . Coral-berries are no less valued by Indian men", "title": "Indo–Roman relations" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.45, "text": "south Pacific and Indian Ocean. The largest pearl oyster is the \"\"Pinctada maxima\"\", which is roughly the size of a dinner plate. South Sea pearls are characterized by their large size and warm luster. Sizes up to 14 mm in diameter are not uncommon. In 2013, Indonesia Pearl supplied 43 percent of South Sea Pearls international market. The other significant producers are Australia, Philippines, Myanmar and Malaysia. In 1914, pearl farmers began growing cultured freshwater pearls using the pearl mussels native to Lake Biwa. This lake, the largest and most ancient in Japan, lies near the city of Kyoto. The", "title": "Pearl" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.42, "text": "Ocean, in areas such as the Persian Gulf, the Red Sea, and in the Gulf of Mannar (between Sri Lanka and India). A fragment of Isidore of Charax's Parthian itinerary was preserved in Athenaeus's 3rd-century \"\"Sophists at Dinner\"\", recording freediving for pearls around an island in the Persian Gulf. Pearl divers near the Philippines were also successful at harvesting large pearls, especially in the Sulu Archipelago. In fact, pearls from the Sulu Archipelago were considered the \"\"finest of the world\"\" which were found in \"\"high bred\"\" shells in deep, clear, and rapid tidal waters. At times, the largest pearls belonged", "title": "Pearl hunting" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.39, "text": "String of Pearls (Indian Ocean) The String of pearls is a geopolitical theory on potential Chinese intentions in the Indian Ocean region. It refers to the network of Chinese military and commercial facilities and relationships along its sea lines of communication, which extend from the Chinese mainland to Port Sudan. The sea lines run through several major maritime choke points such as the Strait of Mandeb, the Strait of Malacca, the Strait of Hormuz, and the Lombok Strait as well as other strategic maritime centers in Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, the Maldives, and Somalia. The term as a geopolitical concept", "title": "String of Pearls (Indian Ocean)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.3, "text": "Tissa's embassy to Emperor Ashoka. Pliny the Elder (23–79AD) praised the pearl fishery of the Gulf as most productive in the world. For thousands of years, seawater pearls were retrieved by divers in the Indian Ocean in areas such as the Persian Gulf, the Red Sea and the Gulf of Mannar. Evidence also suggest a prehistoric origin to pearl diving in these regions. Starting in the Han Dynasty (206 BC–220 AD), the Chinese hunted extensively for seawater pearls in the South China Sea. Tanka pearl divers of twelfth century China attached ropes to their waists in order to be safely", "title": "Pearl" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.7, "text": "Pearl of Lao Tzu The Pearl of Lao Tzu (also referred to as Pearl of Lao Tze and previously as Pearl of Allah) used to be the largest known pearl. The pearl was found in the Palawan sea, which surrounds the island of Palawan in the Philippines, and was found by a Filipino diver. It is not considered a gemstone pearl, but is instead known as a \"\"clam pearl\"\" or \"\"\"\"Tridacna\"\" pearl\"\" from a giant clam. It measures 24 centimeters in diameter (9.45 inches) and weighs 6.4 kilograms (14.2 lb). The pearl came from Brooke's Point, Palawan in the Philippines.", "title": "Pearl of Lao Tzu" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.69, "text": "coastal regions in all of the mainland of India. It is equally rich in sea-algae, sea grasses, coral reef pearl banks, fin & shell fish resources, mangroves, and endemic & endangered species. It is an important habitat for the highly endangered sea mammal, the dugon commonly called the sea cow. There are 137 species of coral found in Gulf of Mannar. The coral come in myriads of shapes. Some have finger like branches and others dome-shaped colony with a net work of ridges and furrows. Sponges, although at casual glance look like plants, are animals, living singly or in colonies", "title": "Ramanathapuram district" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.55, "text": "Pearl Fishery Coast The Pearl Fishery Coast refers to a coastal area of southern India, extending along the Coromandel Coast from Tuticorin to Comorin ruled by Paravars. The coast took its name from the presence of pearls on the coast, and the numerous fisheries that operated to exploit them. In a conflict between the Paravas and the Arabs in 1532, the Paravas sought protection from the Portuguese. In 1535, the Portuguese led an army under Pedro Vaz and expelled the Arabs. As a compensation, the Paravas accepted to convert to Christianity. The Portuguese conquered the Pearl Fishery Coast from the", "title": "Pearl Fishery Coast" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 20.48, "text": "Siege of Tyre, the city used divers to cut the anchor cables of Alexander's attacking ships. In Japan, \"\"ama\"\" divers began to collect pearls about 2,000 years ago. For thousands of years, most seawater pearls were retrieved by divers working in the Indian Ocean, in areas such as the Persian Gulf, the Red Sea, and in the Gulf of Mannar (between Sri Lanka and India). A fragment of Isidore of Charax's Parthian itinerary was preserved in Athenaeus's 3rd-century \"\"Sophists at Dinner\"\", recording freediving for pearls around an island in the Persian Gulf. Pearl divers near the Philippines were also successful", "title": "Freediving" } ]

[ "China" ]

[ { "hasanswer": true, "score": 23.03, "text": "two cubs per year. The giant panda cub is the smallest baby, compared in proportion to the parents, of any placental mammal. The giant panda is considered to be a national treasure and is an endangered species protected by state law. Since the 1970s, giant pandas have been given or lent to foreign zoos as gesture of diplomatic goodwill. Other more common bears in China include the Asiatic black bear and the brown bear which are found across much of the country. Sub-species of the brown bear include the Himalayan brown bear and the Tibetan blue bear in Tibet, and", "title": "Wildlife of China" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 22.34, "text": "lesser panda or red cat-bear, is a small arboreal mammal native to the eastern Himalayas and southwestern China that has been classified as Vulnerable by IUCN as its wild population is estimated at less than 10,000 mature individuals. The population continues to decline and is threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation, poaching, and inbreeding depression, although red pandas are protected by national laws in their range countries. The Mannheim sports teams have elected the red panda for their favorite athletics mascot to make the problem of the declining population of this mammal more visible; in addition, the red panda is", "title": "Udo the Red Panda" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.38, "text": "While the dragon has often served as China's national symbol, internationally the giant panda appears at least as commonly. As such, it is becoming widely used within China in international contexts, for example since 1982 issuing gold panda bullion coins or as one of the five Fuwa mascots of the Beijing Olympics. For many decades, the precise taxonomic classification of the giant panda was under debate because it shares characteristics with both bears and raccoons. However, molecular studies indicate the giant panda is a true bear, part of the family Ursidae. These studies show it differentiated early (about 19 million", "title": "Giant panda" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.2, "text": "\"\"lesser panda\"\" occur in French (small panda), German (small panda), Spanish (lesser panda), Dutch (small panda), Russian (, \"\"small panda\"\"), Korean (, \"\"baby panda\"\"), and Japanese (, a transliteration of English \"\"lesser panda\"\"). The red panda was recognized as the state animal of Sikkim in the early 1990s, and was the mascot of the Darjeeling Tea Festival. In 2005, Babu, a male red panda at Birmingham Nature Centre in Birmingham, England, escaped and briefly became a media celebrity, before being recaptured. He was subsequently voted \"\"Brummie of the Year\"\", the first animal to receive this honor. Rusty, a male red", "title": "Red panda" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.12, "text": "\"\"New Mexico native\"\" who had resided in Washington, D.C. for many years, working for the government. Coming off the heels of President Richard Nixon's historic 1972 visit to China, the Chinese government donated two giant pandas, Ling-Ling (female) and Hsing-Hsing (male), to the official United States delegation. First Lady Pat Nixon donated the pandas to the zoo, where she welcomed them in an April 1972 ceremony. The first giant pandas in America, Ling-Ling and Hsing-Hsing were among the most popular animals at the zoo. Ling-Ling died in 1992 and Hsing-Hsing in 1999. Although Ling Ling and Hsing Hsing had five", "title": "National Zoological Park (United States)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.95, "text": "collection of monkeys and lesser apes include gibbons, siamang, silver leaf monkeys, long tailed macaques, and pig-tailed macaques. Giant Panda Conservation Centre In 2014, Xing Xing, a male panda, and Liang Liang, a female panda, went on public display at an air-conditioned, purpose-built Giant Panda Conservation Centre next to tram stop T5. The pandas are on a 10-year loan to Malaysia. On 26 May 2018, a yet-unnamed four-month old female panda went on show for the first time. The cub is the second born in Malaysia. The cub's sister, Nuan Nuan, was born in August 2015 and sent back to", "title": "National Zoo of Malaysia" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 20.92, "text": "the form of birds, rodents, or carrion. In captivity, they may receive honey, eggs, fish, yams, shrub leaves, oranges, or bananas along with specially prepared food. The giant panda lives in a few mountain ranges in central China, mainly in Sichuan, but also in neighbouring Shaanxi and Gansu. As a result of farming, deforestation, and other development, the giant panda has been driven out of the lowland areas where it once lived. The giant panda is a conservation-reliant vulnerable species. A 2007 report showed 239 pandas living in captivity inside China and another 27 outside the country. As of December", "title": "Giant panda" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.88, "text": "Conservation Association, signed a new Giant Panda Cooperative Research and Breeding Agreement, extending the zoo's giant panda program for five more years, further cementing the two countries' commitment to the conservation of the species. The new agreement, effective through December 5, 2015, stipulates that the zoo will conduct research in the areas of breeding and cub behavior. In the summer of 2013, Mei Xiang gave birth to a live female panda cub (Tian Tian is the father; a second cub was stillborn), named Bao Bao (\"\"treasure\"\" or \"\"precious\"\"; decided through a naming contest) on the 100th day of her existence.", "title": "National Zoological Park (United States)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 20.81, "text": "Giant pandas around the world As of 2018, there are 26 zoos in 18 countries (Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, China (Hong Kong), Finland, France, Germany, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, the Netherlands, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan, Thailand, United Kingdom (Scotland), and United States) that have giant pandas. Finland received its first two pandas in January 2018. These zoos have contracts with China to house these pandas for a few years. Giant pandas are on the IUCN Red List so part of the reason these contracts exist between China and international zoos is to try to help the species reproduce before", "title": "Giant pandas around the world" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 20.81, "text": "Giant pandas around the world As of 2018, there are 26 zoos in 18 countries (Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, China (Hong Kong), Finland, France, Germany, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, the Netherlands, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan, Thailand, United Kingdom (Scotland), and United States) that have giant pandas. Finland received its first two pandas in January 2018. These zoos have contracts with China to house these pandas for a few years. Giant pandas are on the IUCN Red List so part of the reason these contracts exist between China and international zoos is to try to help the species reproduce before", "title": "Giant pandas around the world" } ]

[ "14" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.67, "text": "of \"\"the top 100 most influential people in the shipping industry\"\". However, the influence of OPEC on international trade is periodically challenged by the expansion of non-OPEC energy sources, and by the recurring temptation for individual OPEC countries to exceed production targets and pursue conflicting self-interests. As of June 2018, OPEC has 15 member countries: six in the Middle East (Western Asia), seven in Africa, and two in South America. According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), OPEC's combined rate of oil production (including gas condensate) represented 44 percent of the world's total in 2016, and OPEC accounted for", "title": "OPEC" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.09, "text": "OPEC The Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC, ) is an intergovernmental organisation of nations, founded in 1960 in Baghdad by the first five members (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela), and headquartered since 1965 in Vienna, Austria. the 15 countries accounted for an estimated 44 percent of global oil production and 81.5 percent of the world's \"\"proven\"\" oil reserves, giving OPEC a major influence on global oil prices that were previously determined by the so called \"\"Seven Sisters” grouping of multinational oil companies. The stated mission of the organisation is to \"\"coordinate and unify the petroleum policies", "title": "OPEC" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.95, "text": "member nations and to decrease the oil market volatility. As of May 2017, the organization consists of 14 countries which earn the majority of their income through oil revenues: Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia (the dominant exporter), United Arab Emirates, Venezuela. According to OPEC, membership is open to any nation that has substantial oil resource and observes the same principles as the organization, subject to approval by the member governments. OPEC holds meetings with its members at least twice per year. During these meetings, the members usually examine market conditions and", "title": "Megacorpstate" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.89, "text": "development institutions, including the International Monetary Fund (IMF) Trust Fund and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). As a result of its successful performance, member countries decided in 1980 to convert the temporary facility into a permanent legal entity called the OPEC Fund for International Development; it became a permanent international development agency in May 1980. OFID has 13 member countries: Algeria, Ecuador, Gabon, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Venezuela. Ecuador reactivated its membership in June 2014 after a 22-year absence. OFID provides financial assistance in a number of ways, with", "title": "OPEC Fund for International Development" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.78, "text": "of development. The Development Centre of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development was established in 1961 and ‌comprises 52 countries, of which 27 are OECD members: Belgium, Chile, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. In addition, 25 non-OECD countries are full members of the Development Centre: Brazil (since March 1994); India (February 2001); Romania (October 2004); Thailand (March 2005); South Africa (May 2006); Egypt and Viet Nam (March 2008); Colombia (July 2008); Indonesia", "title": "OECD Development Centre" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.28, "text": "of its member countries and ensure the stabilization of oil markets, in order to secure an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consumers, a steady income to producers, and a fair return on capital for those investing in the petroleum industry.\"\" The organization is also a significant provider of information about the international oil market. Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, the Republic of the Congo, Saudi Arabia (the de facto leader), United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela. Indonesia is a former member, and Qatar will no longer be a member of OPEC", "title": "OPEC" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.91, "text": "81.5 percent of the world's \"\"proven\"\" oil reserves, including 48 percent from just the six Middle Eastern members:. Approval of a new member country requires agreement by three-quarters of OPEC's existing members, including all five of the founders. In October 2015, Sudan formally submitted an application to join, but it is not yet a member. Qatar intends to leave OPEC on 1 January 2019. For countries that export petroleum at relatively low volume, their limited negotiating power as OPEC members would not necessarily justify the burdens imposed by OPEC production quotas and membership costs. Ecuador withdrew from OPEC in December", "title": "OPEC" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.91, "text": "a neutral location, and so the organization chose Geneva, Switzerland. On 1 September 1965, OPEC moved to Vienna, Austria, after Switzerland declined to extend diplomatic privileges. During 1961–1975, the five founding nations were joined by Qatar (1961), Indonesia (1962–2008, rejoined 2014-2016), Libya (1962), United Arab Emirates (originally just the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, 1967), Algeria (1969), Nigeria (1971), Ecuador (1973–1992, rejoined 2007), and Gabon (1975–1994, rejoined 2016). By the early 1970s, OPEC's membership accounted for more than half of worldwide oil production. Indicating that OPEC is not averse to further expansion, Mohammed Barkindo, OPEC's Acting Secretary General in 2006, urged", "title": "OPEC" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.88, "text": "from 1 January 2019.. By continent, two are South American, seven African, and six are Asian (Middle East). Two-thirds of OPEC's oil production and reserves are in its six Middle-Eastern countries that surround the oil-rich Persian Gulf. The formation of OPEC marked a turning point toward national sovereignty over natural resources, and OPEC decisions have come to play a prominent role in the global oil market and international relations. The effect can be particularly strong when wars or civil disorders lead to extended interruptions in supply. In the 1970s, restrictions in oil production led to a dramatic rise in oil", "title": "OPEC" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.86, "text": "OECD The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; , \"\"\"\") is an intergovernmental economic organisation with 36 member countries, founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world trade. It is a forum of countries describing themselves as committed to democracy and the market economy, providing a platform to compare policy experiences, seeking answers to common problems, identify good practices and coordinate domestic and international policies of its members. Most OECD members are high-income economies with a very high Human Development Index (HDI) and are regarded as developed countries. As of 2017, the OECD member states collectively comprised 62.2%", "title": "OECD" } ]

[ "off-road vehicles", "light utility vehicles", "sport utility vehicles" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.22, "text": "some extent. The U.S. Jeep, developed during World War II, coined the word many people use for any type of light off-road vehicle. In the U.S., the Jeep's successor from the 1980s on was the AM General HMMWV. The Eastern Bloc used the GAZ-69 and UAZ-469 in similar roles. Off-road vehicle An off-road vehicle is considered to be any type of vehicle which is capable of driving on and off paved or gravel surface. It is generally characterized by having large tires with deep, open treads, a flexible suspension, or even caterpillar tracks. Other vehicles that do not travel public", "title": "Off-road vehicle" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.97, "text": "1940-1942, soldiers generally used \"\"jeep\"\" for -ton or -ton Dodge Command Reconnaissance cars, with the -ton Command Cars sometimes called \"\"Beeps\"\" (for \"\"big Jeeps\"\"), while the -ton cars were called \"\"Peeps\"\", \"\"son of jeep\"\", \"\"baby jeep\"\", or still quads or bantams. Originally, \"\"Peep\"\" seemed a fitting name, because the ¼-ton was considered primarily a reconnaissance (peeping) car. The early 1940s terminology situation is perfectly summed up in the definition given in \"\"\"\"Words of the Fighting Forces\"\"\"\" by Clinton A. Sanders, a dictionary of military slang, published in 1942, in the Pentagon library: \"\"Jeep: A four-wheel drive car of one-half to", "title": "Willys MB" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.95, "text": "even as they have been decorated in more elaborate and flamboyant styles by their owners. Most Jeepneys today are scratch-built by local manufacturers, using different powertrains. Aside from Jeepneys, backyard assemblers in the Philippines construct replica Jeeps with stainless steel bodies and surplus parts, and are called \"\"owner-type jeeps\"\" (as jeepneys are also called \"\"passenger-type jeeps\"\"). In the United States military, the Jeep has been supplanted by a number of vehicles (e.g. Ford's M151) of which the latest is the Humvee. After World War II, Jeep began to experiment with new designs, including a model that could drive under water.", "title": "Jeep" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 23.95, "text": "Willys Jeep was the world's first mass-produced civilian four-wheel drive car. The success of the jeep inspired both an entire category of recreational 4WDs and SUVs, making 'four-wheel drive' a household term, and numerous incarnations of military light utility vehicles. In 2010, the American Enterprise Institute called the jeep \"\"one of the most influential designs in automotive history\"\", and its \"\"“sardine tin on wheels”\"\" silhouette perhaps even more instantly recognizable than the VW Beetle. The design of the World War II jeep was the result of a long process, involving the contributions of both U.S. military officers and civilian engineers,", "title": "Willys MB" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.92, "text": "Willys MB The Willys MB and the Ford GPW, both formally called the U.S. Army Truck, ton, 4×4, Command Reconnaissance, commonly known as Jeep or jeep, and sometimes referred to as G503 are light, off-road capable, military utility vehicles that were manufactured during World War II (from 1941 to 1945) to help mobilize the Allied forces. The jeep became the primary light wheeled transport vehicle of the United States Military and its Allies in World War II. It was also the world's first mass-produced four-wheel drive car, manufactured in six-figure numbers. The ca. 640,000 units built, constituted a \"\"quarter\"\" of", "title": "Willys MB" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.84, "text": "as it evolved through the years. These were classified as \"\"passenger-type\"\" jeeps. The non-extended, original-seat configuration jeeps were labeled \"\"owners\"\", short for \"\"owner-type\"\" jeeps, and are used non-commercially. The original Jeepneys were refurbished military Jeeps by Willys and Ford. Modern jeepneys are now produced with surplus engines and other parts coming from Japan. The jeepney rapidly emerged as a popular and creative way to re-establish inexpensive public transportation, much of which had been destroyed during World War II. Recognizing the widespread use of these vehicles, the Philippine government began to regulate their use. Drivers now must have specialized driver's licenses.", "title": "Jeepney" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.7, "text": "jeep, the model GPA, or \"\"seep\"\" (Sea Jeep) was built for Ford in modest numbers but it could not be considered a huge success—it was neither a good off-road vehicle nor a good boat. As part of the war effort, nearly 30% of all Jeep production was supplied to Great Britain and to the Soviet Red Army. The Jeep has been widely imitated around the world, including in France by Delahaye and by Hotchkiss et Cie (after 1954, Hotchkiss manufactured Jeeps under license from Willys), and in Japan by Mitsubishi Motors and Toyota. The Land Rover was inspired by the", "title": "Jeep" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 23.61, "text": "inspired a number of other light utility vehicles, such as the Land Rover. Many Jeep variants serving similar military and civilian roles have since been designed in other nations. In lowercase, the term \"\"jeep\"\" continues to be used as a generic term for vehicles inspired by the Jeep that are suitable for use on rough terrain. When it became clear that the United States would be involved in the European theater of World War II, the Army contacted 135 companies to create working prototypes of a four-wheel drive reconnaissance car. Only two companies responded: American Bantam Car Company and Willys-Overland.", "title": "Jeep" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 23.58, "text": "have been used as military light utility vehicles. The importance of this kind of military vehicle was summed up by General Eisenhower, who wrote that most senior officers regarded the jeep as one of the six most vital U.S. vehicles in World War II. Moreover, general George Marshall called the jeep “America’s greatest contribution to modern warfare.” Similar vehicles are among the most common military vehicles in armies of most nations. In 1939 the U.S. Army began standardizing its general-purpose trucks by limiting procurement to five chassis payload classes, from -ton to -ton, but the army was \"\"\"\"to use commercial", "title": "Military light utility vehicle" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 23.34, "text": "Jeep CJ The Jeep CJ models are both a series and a range of small, open-bodied off-road vehicles and compact pickup trucks, built and sold by several successive incarnations of the Jeep automobile marque from 1945 to 1986. The 1945 Willys Jeep was the world's first mass-produced civilian four-wheel drive car. In 1944, Willys-Overland, one of the two main manufacturers of the World War II military Jeep, built the first prototypes for a commercial version – the CJ, short for \"\"civilian Jeep\"\". From then on, all CJ Jeeps consistently had a separate body and frame, rigid live axles with leaf", "title": "Jeep CJ" } ]

[ "Cornerback" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.48, "text": "49ers and XXX with the Cowboys, winning both. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2011. Following the conclusion of his athletic career, Sanders currently works as an analyst for CBS Sports and the NFL Network. He is also the offensive coordinator at Trinity Christian-Cedar Hill high school, which his sons attend. Sanders founded the Prime Prep Academy charter school in 2012 where he coached until the school closed in 2015 due to financial insolvency. Additionally, he stars in the show \"\"Deion Family Playbook\"\" which debuted in 2014. Sanders was born in Fort Myers, Florida. He", "title": "Deion Sanders" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.72, "text": "to commemorate two anniversaries—the 25th anniversary of Super Bowl XX and 15th of Super Bowl XXX, which marked the Dallas Cowboys' most recent Super Bowl championship. In honor of those occasions, Super Bowl XX MVP Richard Dent and former Dallas Cowboys defensive back Deion Sanders, both of whom were inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2011, joined the ceremonies. They were joined by fellow Pro Football Hall of Fame inductees and past Super Bowl participants Marshall Faulk, Chris Hanburger and Shannon Sharpe. The Black Eyed Peas performed a medley of their greatest hits: \"\"I Gotta Feeling\"\", \"\"Boom", "title": "Super Bowl XLV" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.94, "text": "Prime Time (Deion Sanders album) Prime Time is the debut album by National Football League Hall of Famer and Major League Baseball star, Deion Sanders. It was released on December 26, 1994 by Capitol Records via Hammer's label, Bust It Records. Despite universally negative reviews, the album managed to make it to #70 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and #14 on the Top Heatseekers. One single was released titled \"\"Must Be the Money\"\", but it failed to make it to the charts. On February 18, 1995, during the twentieth season of \"\"Saturday Night Live\"\", Sanders performed a medley of songs,", "title": "Prime Time (Deion Sanders album)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.89, "text": "held out for a third of his rookie season. Parker contended that Crabtree deserved more money than where he ended up being drafted. On August 6, 2011 Parker became one of only four sports agents to ever present a player into the National Football Hall of Fame when he presenting his long-time client and friend Deion Sanders into the 2011 NFL Hall of Fame. Some of Parker's clients include: Eugene Parker (sports agent) Eugene E. Parker (February 24, 1956 – March 31, 2016) was an American sports agent, known for representing Deion Sanders, Emmitt Smith, and many other NFL athletes.", "title": "Eugene Parker (sports agent)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.81, "text": "quarterback Steve Young, Hall of Fame wide receiver Jerry Rice, and Hall of Fame cornerback Deion Sanders; however, the Cowboys' victory in Super Bowl XXX the next year also gave them five titles overall and they did so with Sanders after he won the Super Bowl the previous year with the 49ers. The NFC's winning streak was continued by the Green Bay Packers who, under Hall of Fame quarterback Brett Favre, won Super Bowl XXXI, their first championship since Super Bowl II in the late 1960s. Super Bowl XXXII saw quarterback John Elway and running back Terrell Davis lead the", "title": "Super Bowl" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.78, "text": "base salary and a nearly $13 million signing bonus in an attempt to circumvent the NFL's salary cap. This caused the NFL to institute its own 'Deion Sanders rule' whereby a prorated portion of a player's signing bonus counted against the salary cap. Sanders became known for sporting a \"\"do-rag\"\" or bandana and for his high-stepping into the end zone followed by his touchdown dance celebrations. At the end of his Hall of Fame speech, he put a bandana on his bust. His \"\"Prime Time\"\" nickname was given to him by a friend and high-school teammate, Florida Gators defensive back", "title": "Deion Sanders" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.72, "text": "Leon Sandcastle Leon Sandcastle is a fictional character, depicted as a disguise for Hall of Fame cornerback Deion Sanders. The Sandcastle character was created for an NFL Network commercial. Sandcastle first appeared in a Super Bowl commercial in 2013. The commercial depicted Sanders suggesting he could still play at a level higher than the rookies in the 2013 NFL Draft and deciding to make a comeback. He dons an afro, assumes the impromptu alias \"\"Leon Sandcastle\"\" and enters the draft, going through the full NFL Scouting Combine. For action shots, Ball State cornerback Andre Dawson served as the stunt double.", "title": "Leon Sandcastle" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.5, "text": "football trading cards produced and inserted into products by Topps and Panini America. Leon Sandcastle Leon Sandcastle is a fictional character, depicted as a disguise for Hall of Fame cornerback Deion Sanders. The Sandcastle character was created for an NFL Network commercial. Sandcastle first appeared in a Super Bowl commercial in 2013. The commercial depicted Sanders suggesting he could still play at a level higher than the rookies in the 2013 NFL Draft and deciding to make a comeback. He dons an afro, assumes the impromptu alias \"\"Leon Sandcastle\"\" and enters the draft, going through the full NFL Scouting Combine.", "title": "Leon Sandcastle" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.36, "text": "Deion Sanders Deion Lin Sanders Sr. (; born August 9, 1967), nicknamed \"\"Primetime\"\", is an American athlete and sports analyst who played in the National Football League (NFL) for 14 seasons. During his football career, he was a member of the Atlanta Falcons, the San Francisco 49ers, the Dallas Cowboys, the Washington Redskins, and the Baltimore Ravens. He also had a part-time career as a baseball outfielder for nine seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), where he played professionally for the New York Yankees, the Atlanta Braves, the Cincinnati Reds, and the San Francisco Giants. Sanders won two Super Bowl", "title": "Deion Sanders" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.22, "text": "including \"\"Must Be the Money\"\" and \"\"Heidi Heidi Hey\"\" as the show's host, despite Bon Jovi being the episode's musical guest. Prime Time (Deion Sanders album) Prime Time is the debut album by National Football League Hall of Famer and Major League Baseball star, Deion Sanders. It was released on December 26, 1994 by Capitol Records via Hammer's label, Bust It Records. Despite universally negative reviews, the album managed to make it to #70 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and #14 on the Top Heatseekers. One single was released titled \"\"Must Be the Money\"\", but it failed to make it", "title": "Prime Time (Deion Sanders album)" } ]

[ "Old Trafford" ]

[ { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.25, "text": "of 2013, the exhibition is dedicated to Medicine Through Time. The museum also currently has a large artefact from the New York 9/11 Twin Tower disaster. Manchester United are a Premier League football club based in the Old Trafford section of the Quays. Their stadium Old Trafford stands with a capacity of 74,994, it is the largest club football stadium (and second largest football stadium overall after Wembley Stadium) in the United Kingdom. Manchester United are known for their working class vocal supporters and originally drew large amounts of their support from the dockers that worked on the former Manchester", "title": "Salford Quays" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.22, "text": "Centre Two Premier League football clubs, Manchester United and Manchester City , bear the city's name. Manchester City's home ground, the City of Manchester Stadium, is two miles outside Manchester city centre in east Manchester and Manchester United’s, Old Trafford, the largest club football ground in the United Kingdom, on the west side two miles from the city centre. Both City and United, as of 2001, had a highly localised fanbase with the majority of season ticket holding fans in the outer postal areas (BL, OL, SK, and WA) of Greater Manchester and within other counties of the North-west Only", "title": "Sport in Manchester" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25, "text": "one timber-built platform immediately adjacent to the stadium and this opened on 21 August 1935. It was initially named United Football Ground, but was renamed Old Trafford Football Ground in early 1936. It was served on match days only by a shuttle service of steam trains from Manchester Central railway station. It is currently known as Manchester United Football Ground. Construction was carried out by Messrs Brameld and Smith of Manchester and development was completed in late 1909. The stadium hosted its inaugural game on 19 February 1910, with United playing host to Liverpool. However, the home side were unable", "title": "Old Trafford" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 24.91, "text": "Old Trafford Old Trafford is a football stadium in Old Trafford, Greater Manchester, England, and the home of Manchester United. With a capacity of 74,994, it is the largest club football stadium (and second largest football stadium overall after Wembley Stadium) in the United Kingdom, and the eleventh-largest in Europe. It is about from Old Trafford Cricket Ground and the adjacent tram stop. Nicknamed \"\"The Theatre of Dreams\"\" by Bobby Charlton, Old Trafford has been United's home ground since 1910, although from 1941 to 1949 the club shared Maine Road with local rivals Manchester City as a result of Second", "title": "Old Trafford" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.58, "text": "Road End (west) and the Main Stand (south), the latter of which has seating sections. Within the Main Stand is a clubhouse with a bar and catering facilities, club offices, changing rooms, a medical suite and a classroom. The stadium is shared with a local junior team, Moston Juniors F.C. From their foundation in 2005 until 2014, F.C. United were based at Bury F.C.'s Gigg Lane stadium. F.C. United's first proposed stadium was announced in 2010 for Newton Heath, the original home of Manchester United. The development was planned to be located on the site of the Ten Acres Lane", "title": "F.C. United of Manchester" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 24.42, "text": "Manchester United F.C. Manchester United Football Club, commonly known as Man United, or simply United, is a professional football club based in Old Trafford, Greater Manchester, England, that competes in the Premier League, the top flight of English football. Nicknamed \"\"the Red Devils\"\", the club was founded as Newton Heath LYR Football Club in 1878, changed its name to Manchester United in 1902 and moved to its current stadium, Old Trafford, in 1910. Manchester United have won more trophies than any other club in English football, with a record 20 League titles, 12 FA Cups, 5 League Cups and a", "title": "Manchester United F.C." }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.36, "text": "Manchester United 4-1. Michigan Stadium Michigan Stadium, nicknamed \"\"The Big House\"\", is the football stadium for the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan. It is the largest stadium in the United States, the second largest stadium in the world and the 34th largest sports venue. Its official capacity is 107,601, but it has hosted crowds in excess of 115,000. Michigan Stadium was built in 1927 at a cost of $950,000 (equivalent to $ in ) and had an original capacity of 72,000. Prior to the stadium's construction, the Wolverines played football at Ferry Field. Every home game since November", "title": "Michigan Stadium" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.2, "text": "City of Manchester Stadium The City of Manchester Stadium in Manchester, England, currently known as the Etihad Stadium for sponsorship reasons, is the home ground of Manchester City Football Club and with a domestic football capacity of 55,097, the fourth-largest in the Premier League and eighth-largest in the United Kingdom. Built to host the 2002 Commonwealth Games, the stadium has since staged the 2008 UEFA Cup Final, England football internationals, rugby league matches, a boxing world title fight, the England rugby union team's last match of the 2015 Rugby World Cup and summer music concerts during the football off-season. The", "title": "City of Manchester Stadium" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.06, "text": "Further reading City of Manchester Stadium The City of Manchester Stadium in Manchester, England, currently known as the Etihad Stadium for sponsorship reasons, is the home ground of Manchester City Football Club and with a domestic football capacity of 55,097, the fourth-largest in the Premier League and eighth-largest in the United Kingdom. Built to host the 2002 Commonwealth Games, the stadium has since staged the 2008 UEFA Cup Final, England football internationals, rugby league matches, a boxing world title fight, the England rugby union team's last match of the 2015 Rugby World Cup and summer music concerts during the football", "title": "City of Manchester Stadium" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 24.03, "text": "Stretford End The Stretford End, officially the West Stand, is a stand at Old Trafford, the stadium of Manchester United Football Club, It takes its name from nearby Stretford. The stand is divided into two tiers and, in common with the rest of the stadium, has a cantilever roof. In the days before all-seater stadia, the Stretford End was the main standing area of the ground, accommodating around 20,000 fans. The last game played in front of the terrace was the final game of the 1991–92 season, a 3–1 win over Tottenham Hotspur on 2 May 1992. The terrace was", "title": "Stretford End" } ]

[ "Teri Garr" ]

[ { "hasanswer": true, "score": 23.2, "text": "The Black Stallion Returns The Black Stallion Returns is a 1983 film adaptation of the book of the same name by Walter Farley, and is a sequel to \"\"The Black Stallion\"\". It is directed by Robert Dalva and produced by Francis Ford Coppola for MGM/UA Entertainment Company. The movie stars Kelly Reno, Vincent Spano and Teri Garr. The portrayal of The Black was shared between Cass Ole, the horse from \"\"The Black Stallion\"\", and El Mokhtar. The story begins with several odd occurrences at the farm where the Black, Alec (Kelly Reno), and his mother (Teri Garr) live. A suspicious", "title": "The Black Stallion Returns" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.31, "text": "by other actors. Axton's experience included acting as the father in \"\"The Black Stallion\"\" (1979), and he was also a country music singer-songwriter. After an introductory scene to \"\"Gremlins\"\" was cut, Axton's voice earned him the added role of the narrator to establish some context. Mr. Wing was played by Keye Luke, a renowned film actor, whose film career spanned half a century. Although in reality he was around 80 at the time of filming, and his character was very elderly, Luke's youthful appearance had to be covered by make-up. Corey Feldman, who up to that time had primarily been", "title": "Gremlins" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.16, "text": "Neera joins a grueling cross-country race against the finest horses of Arabia for a purse of the most exceptional Arabian mares. Shetan, the black stallion, is trained, and Neera rides him in the competition to restore her grandfather's money and respect. In the end, Neera wins, and Shetan is reunited with his mother. Critical reception was mixed. Gene Seymour of Newsday commented, \"\"The new giant screen contribution to the stallion's legend is a 45-minute story, which, at best, plays as if it could have barely passed muster as an installment of the old 1960s Disney TV series, The Wonderful World", "title": "The Young Black Stallion" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.09, "text": "My Heart Stops\"\" has already been reissued on CD on Wounded Bird Records. In May 2012, Hartman starred in \"\"\"\" a movie from Twentieth Century Fox Home Entertainment. She plays the mother of a budding equestrian rider (Kacey Rohl). In 2005, Hartman starred in a made-for-TV film, \"\"Back to You and Me\"\", on the Hallmark channel. Hartman grew up in Houston, Texas. In 1991, she married musician Clint Black; and, in 2001, the couple had a daughter, Lily Pearl Black. They have lived in Nashville, Tennessee since 2002 after living in Laurel Canyon, Los Angeles, California. Lisa Hartman Black Lisa", "title": "Lisa Hartman Black" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.95, "text": "Black Stallion (film) Black Stallion is a 2010 Malayalam film directed by Pramod Pappan. Kalabhavan Mani, Bala and Namitha plays the lead roles in this film. This is Namitha's first film in Malayalam. Black Stallion film starts with Irumba John (Ashish Vidyarthi), a dreaded goon who terrorizes the town of Tirupur. His partner in crimes is the local cop Doraiswamy (Pitamagan Mahadevan) who kills him in a market fight. Sollai's son witnesses the killing and he grows up and as per his father’s wishes to be another \"\"Criminal police\"\" called Black (Kalabhavan Mani). Later, he takes revenge by killing Doraiswamy", "title": "Black Stallion (film)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.94, "text": "in pre-Civil War Nebraska Territory with his father Jethro (played by Mitchell Ryan), mother Emily (played by Bibi Besch), and Grandma Lundy (played by Ann Doran). Peter resents the tyrannical way his father treats him and hates the bleak life at their prairie trading post. He raises a foal that was left at the trading post as a payment until it becomes old enough to ride. Peter and his horse then win a job with the Pony Express to carry correspondence and messages between the East and West coasts. It is a rough, hard, and dangerous job but Peter learns", "title": "Peter Lundy and the Medicine Hat Stallion" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.94, "text": "from her father, she finds herself alone in the desert. Before too long, a mysterious black colt comes to her rescue. The two quickly form a special bond, and the horse returns Neera to her grandfather. Once Neera is back home, the stallion disappears. Neera greets her grandfather Ben Ishak (Richard Romanus) and her cousin Aden (Patrick Elyas) eagerly, but is disappointed and upset when she find out that her grandfather's horse breeding days are over. Ben Ishak informs Neera that because of the shootings in the desert, his fields are ruined, and he can no longer afford to keep", "title": "The Young Black Stallion" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.94, "text": "Garr, Hoyt Axton, Mickey Rooney, and the Arabian horse Cass Ole. The film features music by Carmine Coppola, the father of Hollywood producer Francis Ford Coppola, who was the executive producer of the film. In 1946 Alec Ramsey is aboard the steamer Drake off the coast of North Africa, where he sees a wild black stallion being forced into a makeshift stable compartment and heavily restrained by ropes leading to his halter. Captivated by the horse, Alec later sneaks to the horse to feed him some sugar cubes, but he is caught by the horse's supposed owner, who tells him", "title": "The Black Stallion (film)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.89, "text": "actually trying to save Laura from Ameer who wants to sell her to rich foreigners. In the end, Black kills Ameer and wins Laura. Black Stallion (film) Black Stallion is a 2010 Malayalam film directed by Pramod Pappan. Kalabhavan Mani, Bala and Namitha plays the lead roles in this film. This is Namitha's first film in Malayalam. Black Stallion film starts with Irumba John (Ashish Vidyarthi), a dreaded goon who terrorizes the town of Tirupur. His partner in crimes is the local cop Doraiswamy (Pitamagan Mahadevan) who kills him in a market fight. Sollai's son witnesses the killing and he", "title": "Black Stallion (film)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.89, "text": "and soon becomes a notorious \"\"thug in uniform\"\". Laura Singh (Namitha) is a bar dancer, and Black falls for her and tries forcibly to marry her, but she stabs him and runs away to Kochi along with her physically challenged sister. In Kochi, she falls for the charms of a magazine photographer Ameer Usman (Bala) and is soon madly in love with him. However Black and his men are after her blood and she is on the run. Suddenly there is a twist in the tale as Ameer turns out to be the villain with the smiling cheek. Black was", "title": "Black Stallion (film)" } ]

[ "Destiny's Child", "Solange Knowles" ]

[ { "hasanswer": true, "score": 24.09, "text": "Managed by her father Mathew, Knowles first ventured into the music business in 2001 as the lead singer, backed by Destiny's Child, on the title theme song for the animated television series \"\"The Proud Family\"\". She also was a featured performer on \"\"Hey Goldmember\"\" for the soundtrack to the 2002 film \"\"Austin Powers in Goldmember\"\", as well as a backup singer on the track \"\"Little Drummer Boy\"\" on Destiny's Child's 2001 holiday album \"\"8 Days of Christmas\"\". In 2002, she was featured on Lil Romeo's second studio album \"\"Game Time\"\", singing portions of Luther Vandross-penned \"\"So Amazing\"\" on the single", "title": "Solange Knowles" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.94, "text": "husband, Alan Ferguson. During the 2017 Roots Picnic Festival in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Knowles performed a rendition of the sing-along from \"\"The Proud Family\"\", the television series whose theme song she was featured on in 2001. In December 2017, Solange directed the video of The Weekend by SZA (singer). On October 15, 2018, it was announced by Knowles that she would be releasing her fourth studio album this Fall during an interview with New York Times Style Magazine. Knowles cites as her influences Motown girl groups such as The Supremes and The Marvelettes, and Martha Reeves, lead singer of Martha and", "title": "Solange Knowles" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.62, "text": "driving through town advertising his new drink Pork-Nut-o-Rade, but Puff drank it back home earlier, turning him into a large and rampaging monster. He chases them around the world up to China, until Suga Mama, who also drank the concoction, takes him home. The score to the film was composed by Elika Alvarez, Frank Fitzpatrick and Freddy Sheinfel. The film features new songs written by Frank Fitzpatrick, Jorge Corante, Robyn Johnson, Stephen Anderson and Jayne Houston, along with covers of calypso songs. The songs featured in the film are: \"\"The Proud Family Movie\"\" was shown on Disney Channel on August", "title": "The Proud Family Movie" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.47, "text": "on \"\"The Proud Family Soundtrack\"\". You'll Never Find Another Love like Mine \"\"You'll Never Find Another Love like Mine\"\" (written by Kenny Gamble & Leon Huff) is a song performed by R&B singer Lou Rawls on his 1976 album \"\"All Things in Time\"\". The song proved to be Rawls' breakthrough hit, reaching number one on both the R&B and Easy Listening charts as well as number four on the dance chart and number two on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, where it was kept from the top spot for two weeks by \"\"You Should Be Dancing\"\" by The Bee Gees", "title": "You'll Never Find Another Love like Mine" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.41, "text": "the song served as a sample for R&B singer Jhené Aiko's song, \"\"Right Here,\"\" from the Disney Channel soundtrack, \"\"The Proud Family\"\" (2005). Sweat confirmed in an interview with \"\"Billboard\"\" that the concept behind the song was self-explanatory as given in the song's title. He further explained, \"\"I'll trade whatever I have to have somebody who's down with me for me. That person doesn't have to have a million bucks. It pertains to anybody who has just a little something.\"\" In addition, Sweat was in talks to release an international remix featuring South African songstress Lebo Mathosa, however it was", "title": "I'll Trade (A Million Bucks)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.39, "text": "Budweiser, suggested his telethon work to him. Rawls lent his rich baritone to cartoons, including \"\"Hey Arnold!\"\", \"\"Garfield\"\", \"\"Captain Planet and the Planeteers\"\" and \"\"The Proud Family\"\". For many of the Film Roman Garfield specials, Rawls would often compose songs, which he would then sing usually doing a duet with Desiree Goyette, as well as the singing voice of the title character himself. On the night of September 29, 1977, Rawls performed the national anthem of the United States before the Earnie Shavers-Muhammad Ali title fight at Madison Square Garden. He was invited to sing the anthem many times over", "title": "Lou Rawls" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.19, "text": "Fitzpatrick has created the soundtracks for over two-dozen films including: Disney's teen hit \"\"Jump In!\"\", the animated \"\"The Proud Family Movie\"\", Anne Rice penned \"\"Queen of the Damned\"\", David Zucker's box-office record breaking \"\"Scary Movie 3\"\", the Bill Gates–Steve Jobs' docudrama \"\"Pirates of Silicon Valley\"\", George Harrison's British comedy \"\"Nuns on the Run\"\", Miramax's \"\"In Too Deep\"\", and Ice Cube's & Chris Tucker's Hip Hop classic \"\"Friday\"\". In 2010, Fitzpatrick's song \"\"Soul Music\"\", performed by Anthony Hamilton, was the title track for the motion picture \"\"Soul Men\"\" (Samuel L. Jackson, Bernie Mac and Sharon Leal). Fitzpatrick recorded the original score", "title": "Frank Fitzpatrick" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.16, "text": "her for who she is, and they then make up on national TV. 15 Cent has Penny and her friends sing instead of acting as his back-up dancers and the crowd loves them. On Legume Island, the real Carver and his peanut people along with the Proud clones listen as a radio announcer says that Penny and her friends' song has been popular for five weeks (35 days) in a row. In an extended ending, the scene fast-forwards three days later where Cashew is now part of the Proud Family, Penny is receiving her driver's license and helps Oscar by", "title": "The Proud Family Movie" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.05, "text": "Proud of the House We Built \"\"Proud of the House We Built\"\" is a song written by Ronnie Dunn, Terry McBride and Marv Green and recorded by the American country music duo Brooks & Dunn. It was released in June 2007 as the first single from their album \"\"Cowboy Town\"\". The song reached a peak of number 4 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Country Songs charts. The song is a mid-tempo, featuring lead vocals from Dunn, describing a couple who are just starting a family. In the beginning, the narrator states that although it was difficult to start the family, he", "title": "Proud of the House We Built" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.84, "text": "\"\"Hit and Run\"\" (2012), \"\"Veronica Mars\"\" (2014), and on the TV sitcoms \"\"My Wife and Kids\"\" (2001–2005), in which Lou Rawls himself sings it to Damon Wayans during a colonoscopy, \"\"That '70s Show\"\" (1998–2006), \"\"South Park\"\" (1997–), \"\"Two and a Half Men\"\" (2003–2015), and \"\"Psych\"\" (2006–2014). The song could also be heard in an episode of \"\"The Proud Family\"\", where Lou Rawls sings and dances with Penny Proud. In addition, it was performed by the singer in doll form in an \"\"Action League Now!\"\" segment on \"\"KaBlam!\"\". The song \"\"If You Could Love Me\"\" by Edwyn Collins uses many of", "title": "You'll Never Find Another Love like Mine" } ]

[ "Cathy Dennis and Rob Davis", "Rob Davis", "Cathy Dennis" ]

[ { "hasanswer": true, "score": 24.8, "text": "2009). (2nd ed.) Can't Get You Out of My Head \"\"Can't Get You Out of My Head\"\" is a song recorded by Australian singer Kylie Minogue for her eighth studio album, titled \"\"Fever,\"\" which she released in 2001. The song was released in Australia by Parlophone as the lead single from the album on 8 September 2001. It was released on 17 September 2001 in the United Kingdom. In the United States, the single was released on 18 February 2002. Jointly written, composed, and produced by Cathy Dennis and Rob Davis, \"\"Can't Get You Out of My Head\"\" is a", "title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 24.7, "text": "Can't Get You Out of My Head \"\"Can't Get You Out of My Head\"\" is a song recorded by Australian singer Kylie Minogue for her eighth studio album, titled \"\"Fever,\"\" which she released in 2001. The song was released in Australia by Parlophone as the lead single from the album on 8 September 2001. It was released on 17 September 2001 in the United Kingdom. In the United States, the single was released on 18 February 2002. Jointly written, composed, and produced by Cathy Dennis and Rob Davis, \"\"Can't Get You Out of My Head\"\" is a midtempo dance song", "title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 24.67, "text": "online messageboards alight.\"\" \"\"Can't Get You Out of My Head\"\" was chosen as the lead single from Minogue's eighth studio album, \"\"Fever,\"\" and it was released on 8 September 2001 by Parlophone in Australia, while in the United Kingdom and other European countries it was released on 17 September. \"\"Can't Get You Out of My Head\"\" was jointly written, composed, and produced by Cathy Dennis and Rob Davis. Dennis and Davis had been brought together by British artist manager Simon Fuller, who wanted the duo to come up with a song for British pop group S Club 7. The song", "title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.58, "text": "Can't Get It Out of My Head \"\"Can't Get It Out of My Head\"\" is a song written by Jeff Lynne and originally recorded by Electric Light Orchestra (also known as ELO). First released on the band's fourth album \"\"Eldorado\"\" in September 1974, the song is the second track on the album and follows \"\"Eldorado Overture.\"\" The song was released in November the same year as a single. The song became the band's first top 10 single in the United States, reaching number 9, and helped boost public awareness of the band in the U.S.; however, back in the UK", "title": "Can't Get It Out of My Head" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.91, "text": "was recorded using Cubase music software, which Davis ran on his Mac computer. Davis began playing an acoustic guitar and ran a 125 beats per minute drum loop, on which Dennis, herself a singer who had enjoyed chart success in the United States, began singing the line \"\"I just can't get you out of my head\"\" in the key of D minor. After three and a half hours, the demo was recorded and the vocals were laid afterwards. Dennis called their recording setup for the song, \"\"the most primitive set-up you could imagine! Different producers work in different ways. But", "title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.75, "text": "copyright collection society and performance rights organisation which collects royalties on behalf of songwriters and composers, named \"\"Can't Get You Out of My Head\"\" the \"\"Most Popular Song of the Decade\"\" as it received the highest airplay and live covers in the 2000s (decade). In 2013, a survey of 700 people was conducted as part of the Manchester Science Festival to find out which song they considered the \"\"catchiest,\"\" and \"\"Can't Get You Out of My Head\"\" topped the poll. Lee Barron, in his essay \"\"The Seven Ages of Kylie Minogue: Postmodernism, Identity, and Performative Mimicry,\"\" noted that the song", "title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.44, "text": "simplicity, so reassuring during an era when chart acts sound increasingly baroque and producers race to see who can ape electronic music trends first.\"\" Jim Farber from \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\" said that the song \"\"fully lives up to its title\"\" with \"\"every sound a hook,\"\" and compared it to the works of Andrea True. Michael Hubbard from MusicOMH labelled the song \"\"one of 2001's best singles,\"\" saying that it \"\"predictably beat off lesser 'competition.'\"\" In 2012, \"\"The Guardian\"\" critic Everett True defined \"\"Can't Get You Out of My Head\"\" as \"\"one of those rare moments in pop: sleek and chic and", "title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 23.34, "text": "(Christina Aguilera's \"\"Beautiful\"\") and Rob Davis (Kylie Minogue's \"\"Can't Get You Out Of My Head\"\"). She also wrote an album's worth of material with Rick Nowels (Madonna's \"\"Power of Goodbye\"\", Belinda Carlisle's \"\"Heaven Is A Place on Earth\"\"). However, she struggled with the co-writing process and in the end only self-written songs made the album. \"\"The Graduate\"\" was released on 5 October 2009 in the UK and reached number 46 in the Official UK Album Chart in its first week of release. The standard version of the album features 10 original tracks, whereas the iTunes version contains three additional tracks,", "title": "Nerina Pallot" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.28, "text": "the single and LP failed to chart. In 1978, it was included as the lead song on the four-track \"\"The ELO EP\"\" (UK release), reaching number 34 on the UK charts. The song has appeared on many ELO compilation albums. Jeff Lynne re-recorded the song in his own home studio. It was released in with other re-recorded ELO songs under the ELO name. Can't Get It Out of My Head \"\"Can't Get It Out of My Head\"\" is a song written by Jeff Lynne and originally recorded by Electric Light Orchestra (also known as ELO). First released on the band's", "title": "Can't Get It Out of My Head" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.27, "text": "singer-songwriter Sophie Ellis-Bextor also turned down the offer to record it. Davis then met with Minogue's A&R executive, Jamie Nelson. After hearing the demo cassette of the song, Nelson booked it for Minogue to record later that year. Nelson was impressed by the \"\"vibe\"\" of the song and felt it would please the \"\"danceheads.\"\" Although Davis was initially under the impression that the recording deal would be called off later, Minogue became enthusiastic to record the song after hearing 20 seconds of the demo. The whole song, including Minogue's vocals, were recorded at Davis's home studio in Surrey. The music,", "title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head" } ]

[ "Valene Kane" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.67, "text": "role as Tyler's uncle Mason, a werewolf who comes to town after his brother dies. Katherine sends Mason to Mystic Falls to get the moonstone for her. He succeeds, but Damon and Stefan find out that he works with Katherine, and Damon kills him. Mason has been described as a \"\"cool\"\" uncle, sexy and athletic. Lauren Cohan joined the cast as Rose, a 500-year-old vampire and possible love interest for Damon. She kidnaps Elena to hand her over to Elijah, but Elena is saved by Stefan and Damon. She then becomes their ally and even starts a small romantic relationship", "title": "The Vampire Diaries (season 2)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 22.48, "text": "Valene Kane Valene Kane is an Irish actress from Newry, County Down. Kane is best known for playing Rose Stagg, the ex-girlfriend of serial killer Paul Spector, in \"\"The Fall\"\" on BBC Two and for her role as Lyra Erso in \"\"Rogue One: A Star Wars Story\"\". She is also known for her role in the BBC drama \"\"Thirteen\"\". She starred as DS Lisa Merchant, described as \"\"superb\"\" by \"\"The Radio Times\"\": \"\"The former star of \"\"The Fall\"\"'s scenes [...] are among the show's most intriguing, simmering with sexual tension and professional frustration.\"\" Kane won the BBC Audio Drama Award", "title": "Valene Kane" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.45, "text": "to Tanner, Tenley gives her rose to Joshua, Juelia gives her rose to Mikey, and Ashley S. gives her rose to Nick. Ashley I. then gives her rose to Jared before Amber can, and Amber gives her rose to Justin even though she isn't romantically interested in him. Samantha gives the final rose to Dan over Joe, who is eliminated. He makes several bitter remarks on the way out and holds his cell phone up to the camera to show the messages that Samantha had sent to him earlier. After the rose ceremony, Chelsie from Juan Pablo's season arrives and", "title": "Bachelor in Paradise (season 2)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.08, "text": "Rose and Bernard Nadler Rose and Bernard Nadler are fictional characters on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) television series \"\"Lost\"\", played by L. Scott Caldwell and Sam Anderson respectively. Rose and Bernard visit a faith healer on their honeymoon in Australia, in the hope of healing Rose's cancer. When Bernard visits the restroom during the return flight, the plane splits in half, with the two halves crashing on different parts of an island in the South Pacific. The couple reunite midway through season two, and Rose reveals the Island has healed her. After time traveling in season five they separate", "title": "Rose and Bernard Nadler" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.98, "text": "Originals (the first generation of vampires). Rose reveals to Elena that she is the Petrova doppelgänger and needs to be sacrificed to break the sun and moon curse. Katherine was also a Petrova doppelgänger, who used Trevor to help her escape from the Originals and Rose to turn her into a vampire to save herself. Elena is rescued by Stefan and Damon by stabbing Elijah with a sharp wooden pole and they escape. Klaus, one of the original vampires, arrives and is now hunting Elena. His brother Elijah has made a deal with Elena to protect her loved ones, because", "title": "The Vampire Diaries (season 2)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.8, "text": "Rose Ceremony: Kirk gives his rose to Carly, Tanner gives his rose to Jade, Nick gives his rose to Samantha, Joshua gives his rose to Tenley, and Justin gives his rose to Cassandra. Dan decides not to give out his rose and leave since there was no one he was interested in. Mikey offers Mackenzie a rose but she says no and departs. Mikey then leaves as well. Jaclyn, Ashley S., Chelsie, and Amber are eliminated. Chris Harrison tells the couples that they need to start thinking of whether they can stay together back home and that they will each", "title": "Bachelor in Paradise (season 2)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.7, "text": "gives his rose to Ashley I., Kirk gives his rose to Carly, Tanner gives his rose to Jade. JJ then shockingly gives Ashley S. his rose, then says that he is going to go home and try to get back together with someone he broke up with to go on the show. Joe then gives his rose to Samantha, and Dan gives the final rose to Amber. Juelia thinks she is going home, but when she is about to leave Mikey shows up and saves her. Clare and Megan were eliminated. Tanner's Date: Tanner receives a date card right after", "title": "Bachelor in Paradise (season 2)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.67, "text": "and husband Kurt Patino were expecting their first child, due in the fall. TV Land stated that her pregnancy will be written into the show. Guest stars for season two include, Kathleen Rose Perkins as Dr. Carol Thomas, Garcelle Beauvais as Kendra, James Morrison as Mr. Hubner, Holly's boss, Erin Matthews as Joan, Mr. Hubner's wife, Maksim Chmerkovskiy as Don, Janet Varney as Lorna, Stuart's ex-wife, Paula Jai Parker as Amelia, Michael Voltaggio as himself, Dot-Marie Jones, Amanda Detmer as Jill, Holly's sister, Zach Braff as Chuck Feeney, and Todd Stashwick as Grant, Phil's pretentious boss. Guest stars returning from", "title": "The Exes (season 2)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.67, "text": "Academy. Rose finds out that she is the granddaughter to the headmistress Cinderella. Rose decides to enroll at Regal Academy and learn how to use magic while having adventures with her friends. Season 2 additions: The second season of Regal Academy is currently under production and is planned to release on November 5, 2017. It is confirmed to have 26 episodes. In the new season, Rose and her friends return from summer holidays and ready to take on new and exciting adventures in Fairy Tale Land. With the help of new magical items and funny pumpkin creatures called the PomPoms,", "title": "Regal Academy" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.5, "text": "touch of peroxide.\"\" Rose's confession is irrelevant to the conversation and is immediately followed by an irritated Dorothy shouting, \"\"Oh, shut up, Rose!\"\" Rose suffered a number of major health problems during the series. In season 2, she had an esophageal spasm that caused a near-death experience. In season 4, Rose came clean about a 30 year long addiction to prescription painkillers. Rose also endured an HIV scare in season 5, when she was alerted that a blood transfusion she had received during a cholecystectomy six years before may have been tainted with the virus. In season 7, Rose suffered", "title": "Rose Nylund" } ]

[ "Long Island of 1922" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.98, "text": "The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby is a 1925 novel written by American author F. Scott Fitzgerald that follows a cast of characters living in the fictional towns of West Egg and East Egg on prosperous Long Island in the summer of 1922. The story primarily concerns the young and mysterious millionaire Jay Gatsby and his quixotic passion and obsession with the beautiful former debutante Daisy Buchanan. Considered to be Fitzgerald's magnum opus, \"\"The Great Gatsby\"\" explores themes of decadence, idealism, resistance to change, social upheaval, and excess, creating a portrait of the Roaring Twenties that has been described as", "title": "The Great Gatsby" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.55, "text": "novel is set, starting in June 2011. The director instead opted to shoot principal photography in Sydney. Filming began on September 5, 2011, at Fox Studios Australia and finished on December 22, 2011, with additional shots filmed in January 2012. The film was shot with Red Epic digital cameras and Zeiss Ultra Prime lenses. The \"\"Valley of Ashes\"\", the desolate land located between West Egg and New York was shot in Balmain, New South Wales and Manly Business School in Manly–known as Saint Patrick's Seminary–doubled as Gatsby's mansion. Nick's house was located in Centennial Park. In creating the background scenery", "title": "The Great Gatsby (2013 film)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.16, "text": "an industrial dumping ground between West Egg and New York City. Not long after this revelation, Nick travels to New York City with Tom and Myrtle to an apartment that Tom uses like a hotel room for Myrtle, as well as other women whom he also sleeps with. At Tom's New York apartment, a vulgar and bizarre party takes place. It ends with Tom physically abusing Myrtle, breaking her nose in the process, after she says Daisy's name several times, which makes him angry. Nick eventually receives an invitation to one of Gatsby's parties. Nick encounters Jordan Baker at the", "title": "The Great Gatsby" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.84, "text": "in Windsor Great Park, UK. Other scenes were filmed in New York City and Uxbridge, Massachusetts. The film received mixed reviews. The film was praised for its interpretation and staying true to the novel, but was criticized for lacking any true emotion or feelings towards the Jazz Age. Based on 34 total reviews collected by Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an overall approval rating of 41%, with an average rating of 5/10. Despite this, the film was a financial success, making $26,533,200 against a $6.5 million budget. Tennessee Williams, in his book \"\"Memoirs\"\"' (p. 178), wrote: \"\"It seems to me", "title": "The Great Gatsby (1974 film)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.62, "text": "a contender for the title \"\"Great American Novel.\"\" In 1998, the Modern Library editorial board voted it the 20th century's best American novel and second best English-language novel of the same time period. Set on the prosperous Long Island of 1922, \"\"The Great Gatsby\"\" provides a critical social history of America during the Roaring Twenties within its fictional narrative. That era, known for widespread economic prosperity, the development of jazz music, flapper culture, new technologies in communication (motion pictures, broadcast radio, recorded music) forging a genuine mass culture, and bootlegging, along with other criminal activity, is plausibly depicted in Fitzgerald's", "title": "The Great Gatsby" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.38, "text": "Ashes\"\" described in F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel \"\"The Great Gatsby\"\" is a fictional location said to have been inspired by the site of Flushing Meadows–Corona Park when it was still a dump, as well as by nearby Willets Point. In the 1997 movie \"\"Men in Black\"\", the saucer-shaped restaurants atop the observation towers of the New York State Pavilion were portrayed as real alien UFOs used as a display to disguise its appearance to the public. Edgar the bug attempts to use one to escape the planet, but not before being shot down by the agents, when it then attempts", "title": "Flushing Meadows–Corona Park" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.16, "text": "furnishings inside and an Adirondack-style swing out. The opening scene was filmed from Rivendell Child, Adolescent and Family Unit in Concord, Sydney, only a few kilometres from Sydney 2000 Olympic Stadium. Many apparel designers were approached in collaboration of the film's costumes. \"\"The Great Gatsby\"\" achieved the iconic 1920s look by altering pieces from the Prada and Miu Miu fashion archives. Martin also collaborated with Brooks Brothers for the costumes worn by the male cast members and extras. Tiffany & Co. provided the jewelry for the film. Catherine Martin and Miuccia Prada were behind the wardrobe and worked closely together", "title": "The Great Gatsby (2013 film)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.97, "text": "Love and Glory Love and Glory () is a 1983 novel by Robert B. Parker. The story is told in the first person by Boone Adams. It is a coming-of-age and love story. There is explicit and implicit reference to and imitation of \"\"The Great Gatsby\"\". Parker originally intended a combination novel and time capsule. The time capsule sections, inter-chapter devices with baseball box scores, old ad copy, captions from LIFE magazine and popular song lyrics, were ultimately scrapped due to excessive permission fees. Much of the novel takes place at the fictional Taft University, which Parker used later as", "title": "Love and Glory" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.94, "text": "The Great Gatsby (2013 film) The Great Gatsby is a 2013 romantic drama film based on F. Scott Fitzgerald's 1925 novel of the same name. The film was co-written and directed by Baz Luhrmann and stars Leonardo DiCaprio as the eponymous Jay Gatsby, with Tobey Maguire, Carey Mulligan, Joel Edgerton, Isla Fisher and Elizabeth Debicki. Production began in 2011 and took place in Australia, with a $105 million net production budget. The film follows the life and times of billionaire Jay Gatsby (DiCaprio) and his neighbor Nick Carraway (Maguire), who recounts his encounter with Gatsby at the height of the", "title": "The Great Gatsby (2013 film)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.91, "text": "coming from the Buchanan dock. Jordan tells Nick that Tom has a mistress who lives in the \"\"Valley of Ashes\"\", an industrial dumping site between West Egg and the City. Tom takes Nick there, stopping at a garage owned by George and Myrtle Wilson, Tom's mistress. Nick receives an invitation to one of Gatsby's parties. Upon arrival, Nick learns he is the only one to receive an invitation and none of the guests have ever met Gatsby. Nick encounters Jordan, and both meet Gatsby. Gatsby later takes Nick to Manhattan for lunch. On the way, Gatsby tells Nick he is", "title": "The Great Gatsby (2013 film)" } ]

[ "2014", "2016" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.59, "text": "with a Redskins loss to Arizona, the Cowboys surged to win the NFC East. After defeating the Minnesota Vikings 40-15 in the first round of the playoffs at Texas Stadium (which was, until 2009, their last playoff win), the Cowboys would travel to Charlotte, North Carolina and lose to the second year Carolina Panthers, who'd won the NFC West at 12–4 in their second ever season. Star receiver Michael Irvin was injured in the opening moments of the Carolina playoff game. Deion Sanders was also injured and had to leave as well. Notable additions to the team included linebacker Randall", "title": "1996 Dallas Cowboys season" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.58, "text": "26 yards. Irvin caught eight passes for 103 yards. Teague had five tackles, two forced fumbles, and an interception return for a touchdown. This was the last time the Cowboys won a playoff game until January 9, 2010, when they beat the Philadelphia Eagles in the 2009–10 Wild Card playoff 34–14 and last playoff win at Texas Stadium. Meanwhile, the Vikings fell to 0-4 in the playoffs under coach Dennis Green. The Steelers blew a 13-point lead in the first half but scored 29 unanswered points in the second half. Meanwhile, Pittsburgh held the Colts to 146 total yards of", "title": "1996–97 NFL playoffs" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.38, "text": "another postseason game until 1993. This would be the final playoff win in Cowboys' coach Tom Landry's career. It would be the Cowboys last playoff victory until 1991. The significance of this NFC Championship Game is that it was the first, and to date, the only time that any Conference Championship game was played on a Saturday, instead of the usual Sunday. In their regular season meeting, Dallas had handed Washington their only loss of the year, 24–10, holding running back John Riggins to just 26 rushing yards while sacking quarterback Joe Theismann seven times and intercepting three of his", "title": "1982–83 NFL playoffs" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.3, "text": "playoffs. Dallas ended the regular season with a 12–4 record and an 8–0 away record when they won on the road against Washington 44–17. On January 4, 2015, the Cowboys, as the number 3 seed, hosted the number 6 seed Detroit Lions in the wild card round of the NFL playoffs. In the game, the Lions got off to a hot start, going up 14–0 in the first quarter. Dallas initially struggled on both sides of the ball. However, towards the end of the second quarter Romo threw a 76-yard touchdown pass to Terrance Williams. Matt Prater of the Lions", "title": "Dallas Cowboys" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.12, "text": "Cowboys' 1995 season. Longtime trainer Mike Woicik also left the team after the season following a sideline dispute with coach Barry Switzer although Woicik returned in 2011. This season would be the last season the Cowboys won a playoff game until 2009, and since their Super Bowl win the previous season, the Cowboys never made it past the divisional round as of 2018. Against the Chicago Bears in week one, running back Emmitt Smith would leave the game late with an injury that left him temporarily paralyzed. Though not career-threatening, Smith's injury would hamper his effectiveness for the duration of", "title": "1996 Dallas Cowboys season" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.11, "text": "the Cowboys were eliminated from playoff contention. With the win, the Cowboys finished a rough season with a 9–7 record. This was the first time they had recorded back-to-back winning seasons since the 2008 and 2009 seasons. They also recorded their first shutout since Week 17 of the 2009 season. This is Dez Bryant's last game with Dallas, as the Cowboys released him on April 13, 2018. This is Jason Witten's last game in the NFL, as he retired on May 3, 2018. This is Dan Bailey's last game as a Cowboy, as he was released on September 1, 2018", "title": "2017 Dallas Cowboys season" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.08, "text": "Cowboys closed out the scoring with 1:19 left in the game when linebacker Thomas Henderson intercepted a Ferragamo pass and returned it 68-yards for the final touchdown. This game was the last playoff game at the Coliseum for the Rams until the 2017 season. 1978–79 NFL playoffs The National Football League playoffs for the 1978 season began on December 24, 1978. The postseason tournament concluded with the Pittsburgh Steelers defeating the Dallas Cowboys in Super Bowl XIII, 35–31, on January 21, 1979, at the Orange Bowl in Miami. This was the first year that the playoffs expanded to a ten-team", "title": "1978–79 NFL playoffs" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.03, "text": "by coach Parcells . Carolina won next week to secure a wildcard spot in the playoffs, but despite several likely playoff scenarios Dallas was eliminated from the playoffs before their last game when the Panthers, the Redskins, and the Giants all won a week later. Only minutes before the game, the Cowboys were eliminated from the playoff race when the Washington Redskins beat the Philadelphia Eagles The deflated Cowboys only managed to score 10 points against the St. Louis Rams, who came into the game 5–10. After running for a meager 35 yards, Julius Jones had 993 yards for the", "title": "2005 Dallas Cowboys season" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.89, "text": "on Thanksgiving, Tony Romo injured his collarbone again and was ruled out for the rest of the season, and the team was slaughtered by the then-undefeated Carolina Panthers, dropping their record to 3-8. In the next game on Monday Night Football, Dallas defeated Washington 19-16, which proved to be their last win of the season and their only win without Romo as starter. In Week 14, Dallas lost handily against Green Bay. In Week 15, the Cowboys were eliminated from playoff contention with a loss to the New York Jets in a Saturday night edition of Thursday Night Football. After", "title": "History of the Dallas Cowboys" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.8, "text": "since 1981, and the final for Tom Landry. That game would prove to be the last highlight of the season, as the team was shut out in the playoffs for the first time in team history, 20–0, by the Rams in Anaheim, California, which would prove to be the final playoff appearance for the Cowboys under Landry. With the previous season's quarterback controversy behind him, Danny White led the Cowboys' passing game to number three overall in the league. Wide receiver Tony Hill posted career highs in receptions and receiving yards, and Mike Renfro blossomed in his second season with", "title": "1985 Dallas Cowboys season" } ]

[ "Taxpayers in the United States" ]

[ { "hasanswer": true, "score": 22.84, "text": "IRS penalties Taxpayers in the United States may face various penalties for failures related to Federal, state, and local tax matters. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is primarily responsible for charging these penalties at the Federal level. The IRS can assert only those penalties specified imposed under Federal tax law. State and local rules vary widely, are administered by state and local authorities, and are not discussed herein. Penalties may be monetary or may involve forfeiture of property. Criminal penalties may include jail time, but are imposed only by a federal judge after a defendant is convicted. Most monetary penalties", "title": "IRS penalties" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 22.22, "text": "assessed against tax protesters who raise arguments that income tax laws are not valid, or who otherwise file frivolous returns or court petitions. Penalties also apply to people who promote tax shelters or who fail to maintain and disclose lists of reportable transactions their customers or clients for those transactions. These monetary penalties can be severe. Most penalties are subject to judicial review. However, the courts rarely modify assessment of the penalties and interest for underestimate or late payment. IRS penalties Taxpayers in the United States may face various penalties for failures related to Federal, state, and local tax matters.", "title": "IRS penalties" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.56, "text": "regulations governing practice, which are set out at 31 C.F.R. Part 10, and are published in pamphlet form as Treasury Department Circular No. 230.\"\" Tax preparers and advisers who violate Circular 230 may be subject to penalties. These include monetary penalties as well as potential suspension from practice before the IRS. The rules also provide procedures for disciplinary proceedings. Periodically, the Internal Revenue Bulletin lists an announcement of disciplinary sanctions for the Office of Professional Responsibility. Circular 230 Circular 230 refers to Treasury Department Circular No. 230. This publication establishes the rules governing those who practice before the U.S. Internal", "title": "Circular 230" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.78, "text": "impose a requirement that the losing party pay the prevailing party for those damages. A person who raises a frivolous argument in a Federal appeals court may also be subject to monetary penalties under Rule 38 of the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure. In one 2007 case, for example, the Seventh Circuit issued an order giving such an attorney \"\"14 days to show cause why he should not be fined $10,000 for his frivolous arguments\"\", based in part on Rule 38. The \"\"Guiding Light of God Ministries,\"\" a tax protester group organized by Eddie Ray Kahn, filed about 2,000 official", "title": "Tax protester" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.42, "text": "belief, the legal contentions \"\"are warranted by existing law or by a nonfrivolous argument for the extension, modification, or reversal of existing law or the establishment of new law\"\". Monetary civil penalties for violation of this rule may in some cases be imposed on the litigant or the attorney under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Congress has enacted section 1912 of title 28 of the United States Code providing that in the United States Supreme Court and in the various courts of appeals where litigation by the losing party has caused damage to the prevailing party, the court may", "title": "Tax protester" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.39, "text": "was liable for monetary sanctions, under Rule 38 of the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure, for making a frivolous argument. The argument that only certain types of taxpayers (such as only Federal government employees, corporations, nonresident aliens, residents of the District of Columbia, or residents of Federal territories) are subject to income tax and employment tax, and variations of this argument, have been officially identified as legally frivolous Federal tax return positions for purposes of the $5,000 frivolous tax return penalty imposed under Internal Revenue Code section 6702(a). Some tax protesters argue that there is no law imposing a Federal", "title": "Tax protester statutory arguments" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.34, "text": "specific information such as books, records, and papers. The IRS whistleblower award program was created to assist the IRS in obtaining necessary information. While these investigations can lead to criminal prosecution, the IRS itself has no power to prosecute crimes. The IRS can only impose monetary penalties and require payment of proper tax due. The IRS performs audits on suspicion of noncompliance but has also historically performed randomly selected audits to estimate total noncompliance; the former audits have much higher chance of noncompliance. Under the net worth and cash expenditure methods of proof, the IRS performs year-by-year-by-year comparisons of net", "title": "Tax evasion in the United States" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.31, "text": "are based on the amount of tax not properly paid. Penalties may increase with the period of nonpayment. Some penalties are fixed dollar amounts or fixed percentages of some measure required to be reported. Excise taxes used as penalties are imposed in the Code sections relating to particular kinds of transactions. Some penalties may be waived or abated where the taxpayer shows reasonable cause for the failure. Penalties apply for failures to file income tax returns or information returns, or for filing incorrect returns. Some penalties may be very minor. Penalties apply for certain types of errors on tax returns,", "title": "IRS penalties" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.27, "text": "are imposed in the form of an excise tax. Pension and benefit plans must pay a tax for a variety of failures. Charities and private foundations must pay an excise tax on prohibited transactions and other failures. Intentional filing of materially false tax returns is a criminal offence. A person convicted of committing tax fraud, or aiding and abetting another in committing tax fraud, may be subject to forfeiture of property and/or jail time. Conviction and sentencing is through the court system. Responsibility for prosecution falls to the U.S. Department of Justice, not the Internal Revenue Service. Penalties may be", "title": "IRS penalties" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.23, "text": "indirectly, by foreign persons must file Form 5472 to report such ownership and all transactions with related parties. Failure to timely file carries a $10,000 penalty per required form. This penalty may be increased by $10,000 per month per form for continued failure to file. In addition, taxpayers who fail to report changes in foreign taxes used as credits against Federal income tax may be subject to penalties. U.S. citizen or resident taxpayers (including entities) who are beneficiaries of a foreign trust or make transfers of property to a foreign trust must report information about the transfer and the trust", "title": "IRS penalties" } ]

[ "Tracy McConnell" ]

[ { "hasanswer": true, "score": 24.44, "text": "The Mother (How I Met Your Mother) Tracy McConnell (colloquial: \"\"The Mother\"\") is the title character from the CBS television sitcom \"\"How I Met Your Mother\"\". The show, narrated by Future Ted (Bob Saget), tells the story of how Ted Mosby (Josh Radnor) met The Mother. Tracy McConnell appears in eight episodes, from \"\"Lucky Penny\"\" to \"\"The Time Travelers\"\", as an unseen character; she was first seen fully in \"\"Something New\"\" and was promoted to a main character in season 9. The Mother is played by Cristin Milioti. The story of how Ted met The Mother is the framing device", "title": "The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 24.19, "text": "9 DVD. No new material was shot for this scene. In the alternate ending, The Mother is still living when Ted is telling the story in 2030. The Mother (How I Met Your Mother) Tracy McConnell (colloquial: \"\"The Mother\"\") is the title character from the CBS television sitcom \"\"How I Met Your Mother\"\". The show, narrated by Future Ted (Bob Saget), tells the story of how Ted Mosby (Josh Radnor) met The Mother. Tracy McConnell appears in eight episodes, from \"\"Lucky Penny\"\" to \"\"The Time Travelers\"\", as an unseen character; she was first seen fully in \"\"Something New\"\" and was", "title": "The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.67, "text": "at the unseen character of The Mother. Carter Bays and Craig Thomas wanted to cast a lesser known actress in the role to avoid audiences associating the Mother with the actresses' previous roles, similar to how Cobie Smulders being cast as Robin Scherbatsky had \"\"kept the show alive\"\" when it began. Bays and Thomas also did not want a large casting call. They chose Cristin Milioti after seeing her on \"\"30 Rock\"\" and \"\"Once\"\"; her musical ability was also helpful, as The Mother had been described as a band member. Milioti filmed her first scene for the last episode of", "title": "The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.67, "text": "How I Met Your Mother How I Met Your Mother (often abbreviated to HIMYM) is an American sitcom that originally aired on CBS from September 19, 2005, to March 31, 2014. The series follows the main character, Ted Mosby, and his group of friends in New York City's Manhattan. As a framing device, Ted, in the year 2030, recounts to his son and daughter the events that led him to meet their mother. The series was created by Craig Thomas and Carter Bays, who also served as the show's executive producers and were frequent writers. The series was loosely inspired", "title": "How I Met Your Mother" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.66, "text": "\"\"Bass Player Wanted\"\", the Mother picks up a hitchhiking Marshall, carrying his infant son Marvin, on her way to Farhampton Inn. On their way, it is revealed that the Mother is a bass player in the band that is scheduled to play at the wedding reception, but Darren forced her to quit. The Mother ultimately decides to confront Darren and retake the band. Before she can, however, Darren walks up to her, furious the groom's best man punched him for \"\"no reason\"\", and quits the band. In \"\"How Your Mother Met Me\"\", it is shown that after this incident, the", "title": "The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.66, "text": "season 8 having never watched \"\"How I Met Your Mother\"\" before. She only learned of the character's importance after binge watching the show during the summer. The Mother was born on September 19, 1984. The Mother, joined by her roommate Kelly (Ahna O'Reilly), awaits the arrival of her boyfriend Max, only to receive a call informing her of his death. After the funeral service, she returns to the apartment to open Max's last gift to her — a ukulele. The Mother spends the next few years grieving the passing of the man she believes was her one true love. In", "title": "The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.55, "text": "behind the series; many facts about her are revealed throughout the series, including the fact that Ted once unwittingly owned her umbrella before accidentally leaving it behind in her apartment. Ted and The Mother meet at the Farhampton train station following Barney Stinson (Neil Patrick Harris) and Robin Scherbatsky's (Cobie Smulders) wedding; this scene is shown in \"\"Last Forever\"\", the series finale. The Mother's death from an unspecified terminal illness in 2024, also revealed in the series finale, received a mixed reaction from fans. An alternate ending was released in the ninth season DVD. In the alternate ending, Tracy Mosby", "title": "The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.52, "text": "seen in front of the classroom of students, one of which Future Ted says is the titular mother. But in the first episode of season 5, \"\"Definitions\"\", it is revealed that he was actually in the wrong classroom — Economics instead of Architecture. At the same time in \"\"How Your Mother Met Me\"\", the Mother sits her first session in Economics 305 and meets another graduate student named Cindy (Rachel Bilson), whom she offers to move in with her as her roommate. They see Ted enter the room, but when he announces the subject, The Mother thinks she is in", "title": "The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.48, "text": "by their friendship when they both lived in New York City. Among the 208 episodes, there were only four directors: Pamela Fryman (196 episodes), Rob Greenberg (7 episodes), Michael Shea (4 episodes) and Neil Patrick Harris (1 episode). Known for its unique structure, humor, and incorporation of dramatic elements, \"\"How I Met Your Mother\"\" has gained a cult following over the years. The show initially received positive reviews, while the later seasons received more mixed reviews. The show was nominated for 30 Emmy Awards, winning ten. In 2010, Alyson Hannigan won the People's Choice Award for Favorite TV Comedy Actress.", "title": "How I Met Your Mother" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.47, "text": "How I Met Your Mother (season 9) The ninth and final season of \"\"How I Met Your Mother\"\", an American sitcom created by Carter Bays and Craig Thomas, premiered on CBS on September 23, 2013, with two episodes, and concluded on March 31, 2014. The show was renewed for the final season on December 21, 2012, after cast member Jason Segel changed his decision to leave the show after Season 8. Cristin Milioti, who was revealed as \"\"The Mother\"\" in the Season 8 finale, was promoted to a series regular, the only time \"\"How I Met Your Mother\"\" added a", "title": "How I Met Your Mother (season 9)" } ]

[ "20%" ]

[ { "hasanswer": true, "score": 23.09, "text": "which an individual receiving a dividend became entitled to an income tax credit representing the corporation tax already paid by the company paying the dividend. The classical system was reintroduced in 1999, with the abolition of advance corporation tax and of repayable dividend tax credits. Another change saw the single main rate of tax split into three. Tax competition between jurisdictions reduced the main corporate tax rate from 28% in 2008-2010 to a flat rate of 20% as of April 2015. The UK government faced problems with its corporate tax structure, including European Court of Justice judgements that aspects of", "title": "United Kingdom corporation tax" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.98, "text": "United Kingdom corporation tax In the United Kingdom, corporation tax is a corporate tax levied in the United Kingdom on the profits made by UK-resident companies and on the profits of entities registered overseas with permanent establishments in the UK. Until 1 April 1965, companies were taxed at the same income tax rates as individual taxpayers, with an additional profits tax levied on companies. Finance Act 1965 replaced this structure for companies and associations with a single corporate tax, which took its basic structure and rules from the income tax system. Since 1997, the UK's Tax Law Rewrite Project has", "title": "United Kingdom corporation tax" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.8, "text": "the starting rate to zero, with marginal relief applying in the same way. This caused a significant increase in the number of companies being incorporated, as businesses that had operated as self-employed, paying income tax on profits from just over £5,000, were attracted to the corporation tax rate of 0% on income up to £10,000. Previously self-employed individuals could now distribute profits as dividend payments rather than salaries. For companies with profits under £50,000 the corporation tax rate varied between 0% and 19%. Because dividend payments come with a basic rate tax credit, provided the recipient did not earn more", "title": "United Kingdom corporation tax" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.42, "text": "tax rate to 2.3 per cent, while normally the corporate tax rate in for instance the UK is 28 per cent. This has reportedly sparked a French investigation into Google's transfer pricing practices. Following criticism of the amount of corporate taxes that Google paid in the United Kingdom, Chairman Eric Schmidt said, \"\"It's called capitalism. We are proudly capitalistic.\"\" During the same December 2012 interview, Schmidt confirmed that the company had no intention of paying more to the UK exchequer. Google Vice-President Matt Brittin testified to the Public Accounts Committee of the UK House of Commons that his UK sales", "title": "Google" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.28, "text": "third and fourth quarterly instalments are merged, including the supplementary 10% charge. In the financial year 2004–2005, approximately 39,000 companies paid corporation tax at the main rate. These 4.7% of active companies are responsible for 75% of all corporation tax receipts. Around 224,000 companies paid the small companies rate, with 34,000 benefiting from marginal relief. 264,000 were in the starting rate, with 269,000 benefiting from the lower band of marginal relief. The total revenue was £41.9bn from 831,885 companies. Only 23480 companies had a liability in excess of £100,000. HMRC has one year from the normal filing date, which is", "title": "United Kingdom corporation tax" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.19, "text": "40% in 1971. In 1973, alongside the introduction of advance corporation tax (ACT), Conservative chancellor Anthony Barber created a main rate of 52%, together with a smaller companies' rate of 42%. This apparent increase was negated by the fact that under the ACT scheme, dividends were no longer subject to income tax. The 1979 Conservative Budget of Geoffrey Howe cut the small companies' rate to 40%, followed by a further cut in the 1982 Budget to 38%. The Budgets of 1983–1988 saw sharp cuts in both main and small companies' rates, falling to 35% and 25% respectively. Budgets between 1988", "title": "United Kingdom corporation tax" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.17, "text": "the corporation tax paid up to 19%. For example, a company making £10,000 profit, and making a £6,000 dividend distribution to an individual and £4,000 to another company would pay 19% corporation tax on the £6,000. Although this measure substantially reduced the number of small businesses incorporating, the Chancellor in the 2006 Budget said tax avoidance by small businesses through incorporation was still a major issue, and scrapped the starting rate entirely. The starting point for computing taxable profits is profits before tax (except for a life assurance company). The rules for calculating corporation tax generally ran in parallel with", "title": "United Kingdom corporation tax" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.97, "text": "capital gains tax, at a rate of 30%, charged on the gains arising on the disposal of capital assets by individuals. While companies were exempted from capital gains tax, they were liable to corporation tax on their \"\"chargeable gains\"\", which were calculated in substantially the same way as capital gains for individuals. The tax applied to company shares as well as other assets. Before 1965, capital gains were not taxed, and it was advantageous for taxpayers to argue that a receipt was non-taxable \"\"capital\"\" rather than taxable \"\"revenue\"\". The basic structure of the tax, where company profits were taxed as", "title": "United Kingdom corporation tax" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.86, "text": "and 2001 brought further falls to a 30% main rate and 19% small companies' rates. From April 1983 to March 1997 the small companies' rate was pegged to the basic rate of income tax. During the 1980s there was briefly a higher rate of tax imposed for capital profits. Chancellor Gordon Brown's 1999 Budget introduced a 10% starting rate for profits from £0 to £10,000, effective from April 2000. Marginal relief applied meaning companies with profits of between £10,000 and £50,000 paid a rate between the starting rate and the small companies' rate (19% in 2000). The 2002 Budget cut", "title": "United Kingdom corporation tax" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.81, "text": "to earn before income tax is levied was increased for the third consecutive budget, to £10,000, from 2014. The increase had been planned to become effective in 2015 but was brought forward one year. Before the 2012 budget, the rate of corporation tax in the UK was 26%. In his 2013 budget, Osborne announced another reduction in the rate in 2015 to 20%. The reductions would be offset by the bank levy. New employment allowances will cut National Insurance bills for all UK firms, and 450,000 small businesses should pay no employer NI. Tax reliefs were also announced for investment", "title": "2013 United Kingdom budget" } ]

[ "God forgave/God gratified" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.34, "text": "an image that means a lot to other people.\"\" She added, \"\"If she is against the Roman Catholic Church and she has a problem with them, I think she should talk about it.\"\" \"\"The New York Times\"\" called it \"\"professional jealousy\"\" and wrote: Bob Guccione, Jr. in a 1993 \"\"Spin\"\" editorial was adamant in his defence of O'Connor, writing: In November 1991, a year prior to the incident, O'Connor had told \"\"Spin\"\" magazine: Two weeks after the \"\"Saturday Night Live\"\" appearance, she was set to perform \"\"I Believe in You\"\" at the Bob Dylan 30th Anniversary tribute concert in Madison", "title": "Sinéad O'Connor" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.92, "text": "turn a shortened form of the Hebrew \"\"Johanan\"\" (יוֹחָנָן \"\"Yôḥānān\"\", a shortened form of יְהוֹחָנָן \"\"Yəhôḥānān\"\"), meaning 'God is gracious', and origin of the masculine name \"\"John\"\" and its cognates. The popularity of the actress Siobhán McKenna (1923–1986) helped the resurgence of the name in the twentieth century. The Scottish Gaelic form of the name is \"\"Siubhan\"\" (which is usually anglicised \"\"Judith\"\"). The male Irish form of the name is Sean. Siobhán has a corresponding diminutive form, Sinéad (after French \"\"Jeannette\"\"). Examples of this name include singer Sinéad O'Connor. Siobhan Siobhan ( ) is a female given name of Irish", "title": "Siobhan" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.41, "text": "giving way. This is purposelessly purposeful work, contradictory, simple, hard. If you do something on purpose (not by accident), you do it purposely. But if you have a specific purpose in mind, you are acting purposefully. Much in life is done or made with no discernible point or purpose. Much in life is done with great purposefulness, endlessly the same and endlessly different.\"\" Sinéad has presented work extensively including: In Between Time, Bristol (2013), RITES, Singapore (2012), Mobius Performance Space, Boston, USA (2012), Southbank Centre, London (2012) Golden Thread Gallery, Belfast (2012), Contemporary Art Factory, Tokyo, Japan (2011), My Land", "title": "Sinead O'Donnell" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.33, "text": "protest against sexual abuse of children in the Catholic Church, referring to child abuse rather than racism. She then presented a photo of Pope John Paul II to the camera while singing the word \"\"evil\"\", after which she tore the photo into pieces, said \"\"Fight the real enemy\"\", and threw the pieces towards the camera. The incident occurred a full nine years before John Paul II, in a 2001 apology, acknowledged that the sexual abuse within the Church was \"\"a profound contradiction of the teaching and witness of Jesus Christ\"\", followed in 2008 by Pope Benedict XVI apologizing and meeting", "title": "Sinéad O'Connor" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.28, "text": "Sinéad used the sound of the word as opposite to the actual physical threat of violence. By 2013 she had unravelled her relationship with the subject to the point where sound was no longer necessary to articulate her ideas. The series is a leading example of her 'process led' practice and how she opens up this process to her audiences. For an in depth overview of Sinéad's practice please read Gillian Wylde's 'A response to the work of Sinead O'Donnell by Gillian Wylde' in which she states \"\"O’Donnell’s work is for and about breaking things up, agency and transmission, waiting,", "title": "Sinead O'Donnell" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.25, "text": "name Shuhada' Davitt. Sinéad O'Connor Shuhada' Davitt (born Sinéad Marie Bernadette O'Connor , 8 December 1966) is an Irish singer-songwriter who rose to fame in the late 1980s with her debut album \"\"The Lion and the Cobra\"\". As Sinéad O'Connor, she achieved worldwide success in 1990 with a new arrangement of Prince's song \"\"Nothing Compares 2 U\"\". Since then, while maintaining her singing career, she has occasionally encountered controversy, partly due to her statements and gestures—such as her ordination as a priest despite being a woman with a Roman Catholic background—and her strongly expressed views on organised religion, women's rights,", "title": "Sinéad O'Connor" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.91, "text": "meaning as the Hebrew Gileed, namely: \"\"heap [of stones] of testimony\"\" (). From its mountainous character, it is called \"\"the mount of Gilead\"\" (). Gilead () is an Arabic term used to refer to the mountainous land extending north and south of Jabbok. It was used more generally for the entire region east of the Jordan River. It corresponds today to the northwestern part of the Kingdom of Jordan. The name \"\"Gilead\"\" first appears in the biblical account of the last meeting of Jacob and Laban (). According to Easton's Bible Dictionary, it refers to a region in Transjordan, approximately", "title": "Gilead" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.61, "text": "Fáilte Fáilte (), Fàilte (), and Failt () is a word meaning \"\"welcome\"\". This word appears in the Irish phrase \"\"céad míle fáilte\"\" (a hundred thousand welcomes) as well as the similar Scottish phrase \"\"ceud mìle fàilte\"\" and the Manx \"\"keead milley failt\"\". It also occurs in the name of Fáilte Ireland and its predecessor organization, Bord Fáilte (Board of Welcome). \"\"Fáilte Towers\"\", an RTÉ reality programme broadcast in Ireland in 2008, incorporates this word in its name as well. The accent above the \"\"a\"\" is a diacritic known in Irish as the \"\"síneadh fada\"\" (literally, \"\"long stretching\"\", as it", "title": "Fáilte" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.41, "text": "a fluent speaker of the Irish language, having been educated at Coláiste an Phíarsaigh, a gaelscoil in Glanmire, County Cork. Before being discovered by Louis Walsh, she was intending to pursue a career in public relations. Sheppard was nineteen when she was selected as a member of Six. Her first show as a member of Six was at the ChildLine Concert in the Point Theatre, Dublin, where she performed in front of 8000 people. Six released two multi-platinum selling singles, both of which reached No. 1 in the Irish Singles Chart, and also had a top five album in Ireland.", "title": "Sinéad Sheppard" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.38, "text": "\"\"happiness, joy\"\" and עד (ad) \"\"eternity, forever\"\"; i.e. \"\"eternal happiness\"\". Gilead Gilead or Gilad (; , ) is the name of three people and two geographic places in the Bible. Gilead may mean \"\"hill of testimony\"\". It is derived from \"\"gal‛êd\"\", which in turn comes from \"\"gal\"\" (heap, mound, hill) and \"\"‛êd\"\" (witness, testimony). There also exists an alternative theory that it means \"\"rocky region\"\". It is now within the Kingdom of Jordan. Gilead was a mountainous region east of the Jordan River divided among the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and Manasseh, and situated in Jordan. It is also referred", "title": "Gilead" } ]

[ "ESPN" ]

[ { "hasanswer": true, "score": 27.2, "text": "Monday Night Football ESPN Monday Night Football (abbreviated as MNF and also known as ESPN Monday Night Football on ABC for rare live special broadcast) is a live television broadcast of weekly National Football League (NFL) games on ESPN in the United States. From to , it aired on sister broadcast network ABC. \"\"Monday Night Football\"\" was, along with \"\"Hallmark Hall of Fame\"\" and the Walt Disney anthology television series, one of the longest-running prime time programs ever on commercial network television, and one of the highest-rated, particularly among male viewers. \"\"MNF\"\" is preceded on air by \"\"Monday Night Countdown\"\".", "title": "Monday Night Football" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 26.75, "text": "NBC Sunday Night Football NBC Sunday Night Football (abbreviated as SNF) is a weekly television broadcast of National Football League (NFL) games on NBC in the United States. It began airing on August 6, 2006 with the Pro Football Hall of Fame Game, which opened that year's preseason. NBC took over the rights to the Sunday prime time game telecasts from ESPN, which carried the broadcasts from 1987 to 2005 (concurrently with NBC assuming the rights to Sunday evening regular-season games, ESPN took over the broadcast rights to \"\"Monday Night Football\"\" from sister network ABC beginning with the 2006 season).", "title": "NBC Sunday Night Football" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 26.58, "text": "all sporting events televised by ESPN and ABC (the former of which effectively took over full responsibility of ABC's sports division that year, which was rebranded as ESPN on ABC). The first regular season \"\"Monday Night Football\"\" game to air on ESPN was on September 11, 2006, featuring the visiting Minnesota Vikings at the Washington Redskins at FedExField, in which the Vikings won 19–16. The September 25 edition of \"\"Monday Night Football\"\" highlighted the New Orleans Saints' first game back in the Louisiana Superdome following Hurricane Katrina to take on the Atlanta Falcons. The game had a Super Bowl-like atmosphere", "title": "History of Monday Night Football" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 26.38, "text": "telecasts, mostly in prime time, that are carried nationwide. NBC broadcasts the primetime \"\"Sunday Night Football\"\" package', which includes the Thursday NFL Kickoff game that starts the regular season and a primetime Thanksgiving Day game. ESPN carries all Monday Night Football games. The NFL's own network, NFL Network, broadcasts a series titled \"\"Thursday Night Football\"\", which was originally exclusive to the network, but which in recent years has had several games simulcast on CBS (since 2014) and NBC (since 2016) (except the Thanksgiving and kickoff games, which remain exclusive to NBC). For the 2017 season, the NFL Network will broadcast", "title": "National Football League" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 26.25, "text": "NFL's prime time broadcasts took place with the 2006 season, as ESPN began airing the Monday night games at the same time NBC assumed the rights to the Sunday night package from ESPN. The Sunday night game is now the \"\"showcase\"\" game of the week on the NFL schedule. While the ESPN broadcasts still carry the \"\"MNF\"\" name and heritage, NBC (like ABC) is a broadcast network, whereas ESPN is a cable channel not freely available to all Americans, though per a cause in the NFL's broadcasting rules, many ESPN games air on a participating broadcast television station in the", "title": "History of Monday Night Football" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 26.25, "text": "home markets of each team to allow viewers who do not subscribe to a pay television provider to view the game. For that reason, NBC gained rights to the Thursday night season-opening game, the Wild Card doubleheader that has traditionally aired on ABC, as well as a share of the rotating rights to the Super Bowl (with CBS and Fox also in the mix). ESPN had initially stated that its \"\"MNF\"\" team would consist of Al Michaels and Joe Theismann in the booth, with Michele Tafoya and Suzy Kolber serving as sideline reporters. However, on February 8, 2006, ESPN announced", "title": "History of Monday Night Football" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 26.22, "text": "\"\"Monday Night Football\"\" is also broadcast in Canada on TSN and RDS, and in most of Europe. On September 7, 2013, the NFL announced that British Eurosport would show \"\"Monday Night Football\"\" games live in the United Kingdom for the 2013 and 2014 seasons. The telecasts are also seen in most of Australia on ESPN Australia, in Portugal on SportTV 3 and SportTV HD and on TV 2 Sport in Denmark, and in some other regions of the world outside the U.S. on ESPN International. A Spanish-language version airs on ESPN Deportes in the U.S. and on ESPN International in", "title": "Monday Night Football" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 26.17, "text": "\"\"Monday Night Football\"\" and the Pro Bowl. This also was the second and final year of the current \"\"Thursday Night Football\"\" contract with CBS, NBC, and NFL Network. Along with ESPN's Wild Card game on ABC, ESPN announced on May 24, 2017, that the 2018 Pro Bowl would also be simulcast on ABC, marking the return of the Pro Bowl to ABC for the first time since 2003. For the first 9 weeks of the regular season, ESPN2 simulcast ESPN Deportes' Spanish-language \"\"Monday Night Football\"\" broadcasts; this served as filler programming for the channel until the start of its Monday-night", "title": "2017 NFL season" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 26.12, "text": "Monday Night Football (UK TV programme) Monday Night Football (MNF) (also known as bet365 Monday Night Football for sponsorship reasons) is a British football programme on Sky Sports which broadcasts live English football from the Premier League. Sky television's acquisition of rights to broadcast live Premier League football from the start of the 1992–93 season saw them attempt innovations such as digital on-screen graphics (DOG) and Monday Night live games. The first Monday Night Football game broadcast was between Manchester City and Queens Park Rangers on 17 August 1992, which ended in a 1–1 draw. To give the broadcasts a", "title": "Monday Night Football (UK TV programme)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 26.09, "text": "that had aired on ABC, as well as a share of the rotating rights to the Super Bowl, was also given to NBC. On April 22, 2014, the NFL announced that it had exercised an option in ESPN's recent contract extension for \"\"Monday Night Football\"\" rights to air a first-round Wild Card playoff game on the channel after the conclusion of the 2014 season. This was the first time that an NFL playoff game was ever broadcast exclusively on cable television in the United States, in lieu of any of the league's broadcast network partners. The \"\"MNF\"\" broadcast team of", "title": "Monday Night Football" } ]

[ "G minor", "minor key symphonies" ]

[ { "hasanswer": true, "score": 24.97, "text": "No. 40; see also Mozart and G minor.) \\relative c { </score> The symphony is laid out in standard classical form: This symphony is scored for two oboes, two bassoons, four horns and strings. With its wide-leap melodic lines and syncopation, this symphony is characteristic of the \"\"\"\" style. It shares certain features with other \"\"Sturm and Drang\"\" symphonies of this time, and is likely inspired by Joseph Haydn's Symphony No. 39, also in G minor. The work was first performed in the United States by the Boston Symphony Orchestra on October 27, 1899, under the direction of Wilhelm Gericke.", "title": "Symphony No. 25 (Mozart)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 24.94, "text": "Symphony No. 40 (Mozart) Symphony No. 40 in G minor, KV. 550 was written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1788. It is sometimes referred to as the \"\"Great G minor symphony\"\", to distinguish it from the \"\"Little G minor symphony\"\", No. 25. The two are the only extant minor key symphonies Mozart wrote. The date of completion of this symphony is known exactly, since Mozart in his mature years kept a full catalog of his completed works; he entered the 40th Symphony into it on 25 July 1788. Work on the symphony occupied an exceptionally productive period of just a", "title": "Symphony No. 40 (Mozart)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.72, "text": "few weeks during which time he also completed the 39th and 41st symphonies (26 June and 10 August, respectively). Nikolaus Harnoncourt conjectured that Mozart composed the three symphonies as a unified work, pointing, among other things, to the fact that the Symphony No. 40, as the middle work, has no introduction (unlike No. 39) and does not have a finale of the scale of No. 41's. The 40th symphony exists in two versions, differing primarily in that one includes parts for a pair of clarinets (with suitable adjustments made in the other wind parts). Most likely, the clarinet parts were", "title": "Symphony No. 40 (Mozart)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.66, "text": "to determine whether the concert series was held, or was cancelled for lack of interest. Zaslaw suggests that only the first of the three concerts was actually held. The symphony is scored (in its revised version) for flute, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, and strings. The work is in four movements, in the usual arrangement for a classical-style symphony (fast movement, slow movement, minuet, fast movement): The first movement begins darkly, not with its first theme but with the accompaniment, played by the lower strings with divided violas. The technique of beginning a work with an accompaniment", "title": "Symphony No. 40 (Mozart)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.61, "text": "of a reverse-recapitulation common in Italian overtures. The second movement in F major is scored for strings \"\"sotto voce\"\" with divided violas and a single bassoon doubling the cellos and bass. Alfred Einstein advanced a theory in the third edition of the Köchel catalogue that the Minuet K. 409 was written at a later date by the composer for this work. However, there is no proof in the sources to support his thesis. Also, K. 409 calls for two flutes in its orchestration which does not match the rest of the symphony. The finale is in sonata form and features", "title": "Symphony No. 34 (Mozart)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.28, "text": "in eight-bar phrases, following the general tendency toward rhythmic squareness in the finales of classical-era symphonies. A remarkable modulating passage in which every tone in the chromatic scale but one is played, strongly destabilizing the key, occurs at the beginning of the development section. The single note left out is in fact a G (the tonic). \\relative c\"\" { </score> The symphony typically has a duration of about 25 minutes. This work has elicited varying interpretations from critics. Robert Schumann regarded it as possessing \"\"Grecian lightness and grace\"\". Donald Francis Tovey saw in it the character of \"\"opera buffa\"\". Almost", "title": "Symphony No. 40 (Mozart)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.12, "text": "added in a revised version. The autograph scores of both versions were acquired in the 1860s by Johannes Brahms, who later donated the manuscripts to the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde in Vienna, where they reside today. As Neal Zaslaw has pointed out, writers on Mozart have often suggested – or even asserted – that Mozart never heard his 40th Symphony performed. Some commentators go further, suggesting that Mozart wrote the symphony (and its companions, Nos. 39 and 41) without even intending it to be performed, but rather for posterity; as (to use Alfred Einstein's words), an \"\"appeal to eternity\"\". Modern scholarship", "title": "Symphony No. 40 (Mozart)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 23.94, "text": "known recording of the 40th Symphony is by the Victor Recording Company and issued in 1915 under the title \"\"Symphony in G Minor\"\". The Victor Concert Orchestra performed under the direction of conductor Walter B. Rogers. The following files contain a digital recording of a performance of the 40th Symphony by the Fulda Symphonic Orchestra. The performance took place on March 18, 2001 in the Orangerie in Fulda, Germany. Versions of the score: Symphony No. 40 (Mozart) Symphony No. 40 in G minor, KV. 550 was written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1788. It is sometimes referred to as the", "title": "Symphony No. 40 (Mozart)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.8, "text": "suggests that these conjectures are not correct. First, in a recently discovered 10 July 1802 letter by the musician Johann Wenzel (1762–1831) to the publisher Ambrosius Kühnel in Leipzig, Wenzel refers to a performance of the symphony at the home of Baron Gottfried van Swieten with Mozart present, but the execution was so poor that the composer had to leave the room. There is strong circumstantial evidence for other, probably better, performances. On several occasions between the composition of the symphony and the composer's death, symphony concerts were given featuring Mozart's music for which copies of the program have survived,", "title": "Symphony No. 40 (Mozart)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.78, "text": "pitch sequence similar to that of Mozart's finale (see example below). <score vorbis>\\relative c{ \\clef bass \\key c \\minor \\time 3/4 \\tempo \"\"Allegro\"\" \\partial 4 g(\\pp | c ees g | c2 ees4 | d2 fis,4) | g2.~ | g2.}</score> Franz Schubert likewise copied down the music of Mozart's minuet, and the minuet of his Fifth Symphony strongly evokes Mozart's. Zaslaw has suggested that a passage late in Joseph Haydn's oratorio \"\"The Seasons\"\" (1801), a meditation on death, quotes the second movement of the 40th Symphony and was included by Haydn as a memorial to his long-dead friend. The first", "title": "Symphony No. 40 (Mozart)" } ]

[ "Peking" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.53, "text": "to be called Jicheng or the City of Ji until the 2nd century AD. Due to its historical association with the State of Yan, the city of Beijing is also known as Yanjing () or the \"\"Yan Capital.\"\" The State of Yan continued to expand until it became one of the seven major powers during the Warring States period (473–221 BC). It stretched from the Yellow River to the Yalu. Like subsequent rulers of Beijing, the Yan also faced the threat of invasions by the Shanrong steppe nomads, and built walled fortifications across its northern frontier. Remnants of the Yan", "title": "History of Beijing" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.48, "text": "construction of multiple skyscrapers. Beijing's Zhongguancun area is known as China's Silicon Valley and a center of innovation and technology entrepreneurship. Over the past 3,000 years, the city of Beijing has had numerous other names. The name Beijing, which means \"\"Northern Capital\"\" (from the Chinese characters for \"\"north\"\" and for \"\"capital\"\"), was applied to the city in 1403 during the Ming dynasty to distinguish the city from Nanjing (the \"\"Southern Capital\"\"). The English spelling is based on the pinyin romanization of the two characters as they are pronounced in Standard Mandarin. An older English spelling, Peking, is the postal romanization", "title": "Beijing" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.28, "text": "status of centrally administered city, on par with Nanjing. For the first time, Beijing took on its modern name, though it was also known as Shuntian Fu (顺天府). From 1403 to 1420, Yongle prepared Beijing to be his new capital with a massive reconstruction program. Some of Beijing's most iconic historical buildings, including the Forbidden City and the Temple of Heaven, were built for Yongle's capital. The Temples of the Sun, Earth and Moon were later added by the Daoist Jiajing Emperor in 1530. In 1421, Yongle moved the \"\"Jingshi\"\" of the Ming to Beijing, which made Beijing the main", "title": "History of Beijing" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.92, "text": "October, he moved the child Shunzhi Emperor from the old capital Shenyang into the Forbidden City and made Beijing the new seat of the Qing dynasty. In the following decades, the Manchus would conquer the rest of the country and ruled China for nearly three centuries from the city. During this era, Beijing was also known as Jingshi which corresponds with the Manchu name Gemun Hecen. The city's population, which had fallen to 144,000 in 1644, rebounded to 539,000 in 1647 (the population of the surrounding area rose from 554,000 to 1.3 million). The Qing largely retained the physical configuration", "title": "History of Beijing" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.78, "text": "Zhuo County, in present-day Hebei Province, the prefectural capital of Youzhou. In the early 4th century, the Western Jin dynasty was overthrown by steppe peoples who had settled in northern China and established a series of mostly short-lived kingdoms. During the so-called Sixteen Kingdoms period, Beijing, still known as Ji, was controlled successively by the Di-led Former Qin, the Jie-led Later Zhao, and the Xianbei-led Former Yan and Later Yan. In 352, Prince Murong Jun, moved the capital of the Former Yan Kingdom from Manchuria to Ji, making the city a sovereign capital for the first time in over 500", "title": "History of Beijing" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.77, "text": "or Zhongdu. The city was besieged by Genghis Khan's invading Mongolian army in 1213 and razed to the ground two years later. Two generations later, Kublai Khan ordered the construction of Dadu (or Daidu to the Mongols, commonly known as Khanbaliq), a new capital for his Yuan dynasty to the northeast of the Zhongdu ruins. The construction took from 1264 to 1293, but greatly enhanced the status of a city on the northern fringe of China proper. The city was centered on the Drum Tower slightly to the north of modern Beijing and stretched from the present-day Chang'an Avenue to", "title": "Beijing" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.72, "text": "the city's jurisdiction. Appeals to Nanjing for the recovery of towns like Wanping and Daxing were denied. The city, anchored by its historical relics and universities, remained a center for tourism and higher education and became known as \"\"China's Boston.\"\" In 1935, the city's population stood at 1.11 million, with another 3.485 million in the surrounding region. After Japan seized Manchuria through the Mukden Incident in 1931, Beiping was threatened by steady Japanese encroachment into northern China. The Tanggu Truce of 1933 gave control of the Great Wall to the Japanese and imposed a 100-km demilitarized zone south of the", "title": "History of Beijing" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.69, "text": "the Jinshui River inside the city. They are now known as the six seas (\"\"hai\"\") of central Beijing: Houhai, Qianhai, and Xihai (the Rear, Front, and Western Seas) which are collectively known as Shichahai; Beihai (the North Sea); and Zhonghai and Nanhai which are collectively known as Zhongnanhai. Qionghua Island is now the island in Beihai Park on which the White Dagoba stands. Like today's Chinese leaders, the Yuan imperial family lived west of the lakes in the Xingsheng (兴圣宫) and Longfu (隆福宫) Palaces. A third palace east of the lakes, called the Danei (大内), at the site of the", "title": "History of Beijing" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.58, "text": "Imperial City, Beijing The Imperial City () is a section of the city of Beijing in the Ming and Qing dynasties, with the Forbidden City at its center. It refers to the collection of gardens, shrines, and other service areas between the Forbidden City and the Inner City of ancient Beijing. The Imperial City was surrounded by a wall and accessed through seven gates and it includes historical places such as the Forbidden City, Tiananmen, Zhongnanhai, Beihai Park, Zhongshan Park, Jingshan, Imperial Ancestral Temple, and Xiancantan. In the Yuan dynasty, Beijing was known as Dadu, and the Imperial City formed", "title": "Imperial City, Beijing" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.36, "text": "of power. In 1271, he declared the creation of the Yuan dynasty and named his capital Dadu (, Chinese for \"\"Grand Capital\"\", or \"\"Daidu\"\" to the Mongols). It is also known by the Mongol name Khanbaliq (), spelled \"\"Cambuluc\"\" in Marco Polo's account. Construction of Dadu began in 1267 and the first palace was finished the next year. The entire palace complex was completed in 1274 and the rest of the city by 1285. In 1279, when Mongol armies finished off the last of the Song dynasty in southern China, Beijing became for the first time, the capital of the", "title": "History of Beijing" } ]

[ "never made" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.95, "text": "a theatrical film. In February 2017, when it was announced that the fourth film will be a television project, it was announced Woodley had backed out of her starring role. In August 2017, Starz and Lionsgate Television announced that they were beginning to develop the TV series with director Lee Toland Krieger and \"\"The Legend of Tarzan\"\" writer Adam Cozad remaining attached from the original project. The Divergent Series: Allegiant The Divergent Series: Allegiant is a 2016 American dystopian romantic thriller film directed by Robert Schwentke with a screenplay by Bill Collage, Adam Cooper, and Noah Oppenheim. It is the", "title": "The Divergent Series: Allegiant" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.38, "text": "have ever known in order to find a peaceful solution for their embroiled city. Once outside, old discoveries are quickly rendered meaningless with the revelation of shocking new truths. Tris must quickly decide who she can trust as a ruthless battle ignites beyond the walls of Chicago. In order to survive, Tris will be forced to make impossible choices about courage, allegiance, sacrifice and love. A fourth film was initially planned, with a March 2017 release, based on the latter half of the \"\"Allegiant\"\" book. The timing was changed to a June 2017 release, with Lee Toland Krieger then attached", "title": "The Divergent Series" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.94, "text": "as the movie's director. In July 2016, after the poor performance of the third film at the box office, the producers considered creating the fourth as a television film, which would add new characters to the story who could continue in a spinoff television series, moving beyond the books. In September 2016, Shailene Woodley stated on \"\"Today\"\" that the film versus television decision was not finalized, and that it was \"\"a limbo waiting game\"\". In the same interview Woodley spoke despairingly of the chances of her returning to the project in a television format, although noting she would be open", "title": "The Divergent Series" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.19, "text": "another as she unlocks the truth about the past and ultimately the future of her world. On December 16, 2013, Summit Entertainment announced that the film adaptation of \"\"Allegiant\"\" would be released on March 18, 2016. On April 11, 2014, Lionsgate announced that the film adaptation would be split into two films with the first part titled, \"\"The Divergent Series: Allegiant – Part 1\"\". The film was then re-titled as \"\"The Divergent Series: Allegiant\"\". Tris must escape with Four and go beyond the wall enclosing Chicago. For the first time ever, they will leave the only city and family they", "title": "The Divergent Series" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.14, "text": "concluding entry, \"\"Ascendant\"\" (\"\"Allegiant\"\" and \"\"Ascendant\"\" were originally to be titled \"\"Allegiant – Part 1\"\" and \"\"Allegiant – Part 2\"\"). \"\"Allegiant\"\" was released on March 18, 2016, in theaters and IMAX and received generally negative reviews from critics, who criticized the lack of originality and character development. The film was a box office bomb, grossing just $179 million worldwide against its $142 million budget, becoming the lowest-grossing \"\"Divergent\"\" film. This led initially to budget cuts on the fourth and final film. A theatrical release for \"\"Ascendant\"\" was later cancelled in favor of it being a television film and spinoff series.", "title": "The Divergent Series: Allegiant" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.03, "text": "to be released on March 18, 2016, and \"\"Part 2\"\" scheduled to be released on June 9, 2017. On December 5, 2014, it was announced that Robert Schwentke would return to direct \"\"Part 1\"\". On September 10, 2015, it was announced that the two films would be re-titled, with \"\"Part 1\"\" being renamed as \"\"\"\" and \"\"Part 2\"\" as \"\"\"\". On February 8, 2016, it was reported that Robert Schwentke, who directed both \"\"Insurgent\"\" and \"\"Allegiant\"\", would not return to direct for the final film. Lee Toland Krieger will replace Schwentke as the director of the film. The film is", "title": "Divergent (film)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.81, "text": "\"\"Four\"\" Eaton, and Shailene Woodley as Beatrice \"\"Tris\"\" Prior were released by various media sites. The teaser trailer for \"\"The Divergent Series: Insurgent\"\" officially debuted online through the film's official YouTube account on November 12, 2014. The official full-length trailer premiered on December 12, 2014. On January 22, 2015, another five 3D interactive character posters were released, featuring Woodley, James, Kate Winslet, Octavia Spencer and Naomi Watts. The first clip from the film was released on February 18, 2015, and a second clip was released three days later. The final trailer was released on February 24, 2015. \"\"The Divergent Series:", "title": "The Divergent Series: Insurgent" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.72, "text": "Ascendant\"\", would be released on June 9, 2017. Shailene Woodley, Theo James, and Naomi Watts would reprise their roles. On December 5, 2014, it was announced that Robert Schwentke would return to direct \"\"Part 1\"\". Principal photography for \"\"Allegiant\"\" began in Atlanta on May 18, 2015, and concluded on August 23, 2015. On September 10, 2015, it was announced that the two films would be re-titled, with \"\"Part 1\"\" being renamed as \"\"The Divergent Series: Allegiant\"\" and \"\"Part 2\"\" as \"\"The Divergent Series: Ascendant\"\". Lee Toland Krieger will serve as the director for \"\"Ascendant\"\". \"\"Ascendant\"\" is currently on hold due", "title": "The Divergent Series: Insurgent" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.58, "text": "novel was wrapping up. Roth sold the film rights to \"\"The Divergent Series\"\" to Summit Entertainment. Filming of \"\"Divergent\"\", the adaptation of the first book in the series, was started in April 2013, and the film was released in March 2014. On March 21, 2014, Lionsgate officially greenlit the of \"\"Insurgent\"\". The film was released on March 20, 2015. On April 11, 2014, Summit Entertainment announced that the third book, \"\"Allegiant\"\", would be split into two films, part 1 and part 2. Former Part 1 is called \"\"\"\", and was released on March 18, 2016, and former Part 2 is", "title": "Veronica Roth" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.45, "text": "2016. In December 2013, it was announced that Neil Burger will not return to direct the sequel, due to him still working on the first film. On February 11, 2014, it was announced that Robert Schwentke would take Burger's place for the next installment. Principal photography for \"\"The Divergent Series: Insurgent\"\" began in Atlanta on May 27, 2014, and concluded on September 6, 2014. On April 11, 2014, Summit Entertainment announced that the third film would split into two films titled \"\"The Divergent Series: Allegiant – Part 1\"\" and \"\"The Divergent Series: Allegiant – Part 2\"\", with \"\"Part 1\"\" scheduled", "title": "Divergent (film)" } ]

[ "Charles, Prince of Wales" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.17, "text": "and then taken by the Royal Train to London. In all cases the coffin would be taken to the Throne Room at Buckingham Palace. Four days after the Queen's death, it would be moved to Westminster Hall and lie in state for four days. The state funeral would be held at Westminster Abbey nine days after the Queen's death, after which her body would be buried in a prepared tomb at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. Officials from Buckingham Palace and Clarence House, known as the Inter-Realm Working Group, have briefed representatives of the Commonwealth realms about the funeral, and", "title": "Operation London Bridge" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.81, "text": "a direct prequel to \"\"The Princess and the Queen\"\". When King Viserys I Targaryen dies, his widow Queen Alicent has their eldest son Prince Aegon crowned King Aegon II before Viserys' daughter Rhaenyra, the only surviving child of his first marriage, can claim the Iron Throne herself. Though Rhaenyra is the king's oldest child and had been named his successor years before, Alicent and her supporters declare Rhaenyra unfit to rule and argue that, as a woman, Rhaenyra should be placed after Alicent's own male children in the line of succession. After Rhaenyra declares herself Queen at the Targaryen ancestral", "title": "The Princess and the Queen" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.67, "text": "not happy with the proposed marriage, and must be forced into it through corporal punishment by her parents. At first Jane and Guildford decide to treat their union purely as a marriage of convenience, but then they fall deeply in love. After Edward VI dies Jane is placed on the throne. She is troubled by the questionable legality of her accession, but after consulting with Guildford, turns the tables on John Dudley and the others who thought to use her as a puppet. After only nine days, however, Queen Jane is abandoned by her council precisely because of her designs", "title": "Lady Jane (1986 film)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.62, "text": "survived through childhood, one of them being royal grandson Grand Prince Jean. The crown prince took over the throne as Yejong after Sejo’s abdication due to his illness, but Lady Han was the one nominated by the former king to become the queen consort. Since she was almost due at that time, guards were sent to her maternal home to guide the future queen. Her years as the queen was short as Yejong died 13 months after his ascension to the throne and to make the situation worse, Grand Prince Jean was deemed too young to be invested as the", "title": "Queen Ansun" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.45, "text": "the son of the Duke of Cumberland, also called George. Both George III and the Duke of Kent died in January 1820. The Prince Regent became George IV and Drina was third in line to the throne after her uncles, the Duke of York and Duke of Clarence (the future William IV). She would ultimately take the throne as Queen Victoria in 1837. Rumours about Victoria's parentage centred on a controversial Irish soldier and adventurer called Sir John Conroy who was her mother's private secretary and the comptroller of her household. The Duchess of Kent was the same age as", "title": "Legitimacy of Queen Victoria" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.41, "text": "X Gustav had died in February. His son, Charles XI, was only five years old. That summer, she went to Sweden, pointing out that she had left the throne to her first cousin and his descendant, so if Charles XI died, she would take over the throne again. But as she was a Catholic that was impossible, and the clergy refused to let the priests in her entourage celebrate any Masses. Christina left Stockholm and went to Norrköping. Eventually she submitted to a second renunciation of the throne, spending a year in Hamburg to get her finances in order on", "title": "Christina, Queen of Sweden" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.11, "text": "the deaths of all fourteen of her children, took the throne in 1702, Parliament passed the Act of Settlement, 1701. Taking note of the loss of the \"\"most hopeful\"\" Duke of Gloucester, the Act settled the throne of England, after the deaths of King William and of Anne, on Electress Sophia of Hanover and her heirs. Queen Anne survived the much older (and, it was thought, healthier) Sophia by only two months; in August 1714 Sophia's son George took the British throne as George I of Great Britain. Mrs. Pack Mrs. Pack (died 1694) was a wet nurse to the", "title": "Mrs. Pack" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.05, "text": "Sophia of Hanover, presumed to be second in line to the throne due to Anne's continued childlessness. William III tries to force his sister-in-law Anne into accepting a visit to London by Sophia, despite Anne's misgivings about what message this will send out regarding her own position in the succession, but it takes Sarah to win Anne round to the idea. Soon afterwards William dies in a riding accident and Anne comes to the throne. Initially advised by Sidney Godolphin, Sarah and the Whigs, she is later won round to replacing him with Harley and following a more Tory line,", "title": "Queen Anne (play)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21, "text": "Henry to succeed him on the throne. Before dying, the king had charged the bishops, his friend Mencía López de Haro, and his steward, Gonzalo Rodríguez Girón, executors of his will, with the task of seeing to the carrying out of his commands and the assurance of his succession. The king's widow Eleanor ceded custody of the heir to Berengaria. Weeks later, Queen Eleanor died and left the guardianship of Henry and the regency to her daughter Berengaria and the prelates of Palencia and Toledo. Some nobles believed that Berengaria's regency was too dependent on the support of the Bishop", "title": "Álvaro Núñez de Lara (died 1218)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.98, "text": "to take the throne upon Queen Anne's death. The government prosecuted him for seditious libel. Prominent Whigs came to his aid, and Richard Steele wrote his appeal. When Gildon was found guilty and fined 100 pounds, Arthur Mainwaring paid the fine for him. The letters were sufficient provocation to carry a prison term or the pillory, but Gildon's connections saved him. Arthur Mainwaring, an enemy already of Jonathan Swift's, aided Gildon again, and Steele introduced him to other periodical work. Gildon's 1710 \"\"Life of Thomas Betterton\"\" was dedicated to Steele in return. Gildon's essay on \"\"The Art of Poetry\"\" was", "title": "Charles Gildon" } ]

[ "Lisa Stelly" ]

[ { "hasanswer": true, "score": 23.03, "text": "is playable in the video game \"\"\"\". The music video for \"\"Last of the American Girls\"\" was directed by Marc Webb and released to MTV on April 1, 2010. The video alternates between the band playing in a desert and the character Gloria (Lisa Stelly) who appears in the video for \"\"21 Guns\"\", and is also a protagonist in the story of the album \"\"21st Century Breakdown\"\". Gloria is shown taking part in everyday activities, such as brushing her teeth, watching television, and cleaning her nails. It is the Green Day's fourth video to feature touring guitarist Jason White performing", "title": "Last of the American Girls" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.31, "text": "with the band, following \"\"21 Guns\"\", \"\"Wake Me Up When September Ends\"\" and \"\"Working Class Hero\"\". Last of the American Girls \"\"Last of the American Girls\"\" is a song written and recorded by the American punk rock band Green Day and is the fifth and last single from their eighth studio album \"\"21st Century Breakdown\"\". It peaked at number 26 on the US alternative rock chart. The song impacted radio on May 11, 2010. In its album review, \"\"Rolling Stone\"\" wrote: \"\"'Last of the American Girls' comes on as a fabulous left-wing love song to a rebel girl — when", "title": "Last of the American Girls" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.92, "text": "21 Guns (song) \"\"21 Guns\"\" is a song by American punk rock band Green Day. It was released as the second single from their eighth album, \"\"21st Century Breakdown\"\". The single was released through Reprise Records on May 25, 2009 as a digital download and July 14, 2009 as a CD single. The song has been a success on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart, peaking at No. 22, which has become their highest charting single since 2005. It was nominated for a Grammy for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal and Best Rock Song in 2010.", "title": "21 Guns (song)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.69, "text": "of Prima Donna on rhythm guitar. In 2009, he toured with Green Day in support for their latest record, \"\"21st Century Breakdown\"\". White made his fourth appearance on a Green Day video for \"\"21 Guns\"\" and his fifth in \"\"Last of the American Girls\"\"; prior to this, and not including his live appearances on \"\"Jesus of Suburbia\"\" and \"\"East Jesus Nowhere\"\", he had appeared in three videos: \"\"When I Come Around\"\", \"\"Wake Me Up When September Ends\"\", and \"\"Working Class Hero\"\". On July 13, 2010, Max Recordings released White's debut 45 single—\"\"Hungover\"\" b/w \"\"I'm a Mess\"\". He appeared once again", "title": "Jason White (musician)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.8, "text": "Stew/Jaded\"\" and \"\"F.O.D.\"\" recorded live in Albany, New York and Madison Square Garden. This EP was released on the Australian iTunes store, Amazon UK, and Napster. 21 Guns (song) \"\"21 Guns\"\" is a song by American punk rock band Green Day. It was released as the second single from their eighth album, \"\"21st Century Breakdown\"\". The single was released through Reprise Records on May 25, 2009 as a digital download and July 14, 2009 as a CD single. The song has been a success on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart, peaking at No. 22, which has become their highest charting", "title": "21 Guns (song)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.77, "text": "album \"\"American Idiot\"\", some b-sides and a few of the songs from Green Day's \"\"21st Century Breakdown\"\". The show also features an onstage band. Green Day re-released the single \"\"21 Guns\"\" with the musical cast on Spinner.com on December 3, 2009. This version features Billie Joe Armstrong, together with Christina Sajous, Rebecca Naomi Jones, Mary Faber and Stark Sands, with backup from the rest of \"\"American Idiot\"\" cast. Another version was released with John Gallagher Jr., Michael Esper, and Sands singing the parts that Armstrong had previously sung. Green Day and the cast of the musical also performed the song", "title": "American Idiot (musical)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.39, "text": "the following dates: The title of the Green Day song \"\"21 Guns\"\" is a reference to a 21-gun salute. In the song \"\"For Those About to Rock (We Salute You)\"\" by AC/DC 21-gun salutes are mentioned, including the use of Napoleonic cannons. The song \"\"Move Now\"\" by Nonpoint also includes a reference. In the film \"\"Chitty Chitty Bang Bang\"\", when the Grandfather sings \"\"Posh\"\" whilst dangling from a hot air balloon, there is a line \"\"they 21 gun salute me\"\". Boston-based Celtic punk band Dropkick Murphys recorded the song \"\"21 Guitar Salute\"\" (originally by The Press) on their 2002 split", "title": "21-gun salute" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.17, "text": "\"\"Vision Thing\"\". The band Green Day sampled the chorus for their song 21 Guns from their album \"\"21st Century Breakdown\"\". It was also a featured track on the Jeff Lynne Tribute CD \"\"Lynne Me Your Ears\"\" performed by Jeffrey Foskett. It was also played in a car during the \"\"Malcolm Holds His Tongue\"\" episode of \"\"Malcolm in the Middle\"\". The song has been covered by Irish band Aslan and also by the French well-known singer Claude François (Sacrée chanson). Duo Jack and White, featuring \"\"American Idol\"\" finalist Brooke White recorded a cover of \"\"Telephone Line\"\" on their covers EP \"\"Undercover\"\",", "title": "Telephone Line (song)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.88, "text": "Josh Boswell Joshua Bryan Boswell (born February 5, 1985) is an American actor and a producing sales manager at Union Bank. Boswell acted as Christian in Green Day's album \"\"21st Century Breakdown\"\" in 2009. He starred in the music video for \"\"21 Guns\"\". He also starred opposite Camilla Belle in The Jonas Brothers music video for their song \"\"Lovebug\"\" on the album \"\"A Little Bit Longer\"\". His other works include \"\"Boy Culture\"\" (2006), \"\"Resident Butch\"\" (2009) and \"\"Rising Sun\"\" (2012). Joshua Boswell acts as the impulsive, self-destructive Christian in the music videos for the album \"\"21st Century Breakdown\"\". Green Day", "title": "Josh Boswell" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.8, "text": "\"\"American Idiot\"\". The recording was produced by Billie Joe Armstrong. The recording with Armstrong singing the male solo parts was released on December 3 to Spinner.com and also released for digital download on December 22. The video was released February 1. The second version of the song with the cast of American Idiot features Stark Sands, John Gallagher Jr., and Michael Esper singing their respective solos instead of Armstrong. It was performed with Armstrong singing lead male vocals at the 52nd Grammy Awards. Green Day released a live EP for the song including live performances of \"\"Welcome to Paradise\"\", \"\"Brain", "title": "21 Guns (song)" } ]

[ "animal-themed Ninja Zords" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.62, "text": "next week training against simulated Putties and trying unsuccessfully to morph. To inspire the Rangers, Alpha reveals the Zords. Zack takes his Zord out for a joyride and almost kills the other Rangers when he crashes it. This angers Jason, and they fight. While trying to separate the two, Billy spontaneously morphs. However, when he becomes conscious of it, the armor disappears. Angered at their lack of progress, Zordon dismisses the group. Jason returns to the ship to confront Zordon and discovers that once the Rangers morph, it will open the Morphing Grid and allow Zordon to restore himself in", "title": "Power Rangers (film)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.44, "text": "of nine rangers: Tommy, Adam, Kimberly, Billy, Aisha, Rocky, Zach, Trini, and Jason. When selecting Jason, Zach, and Trini, the voice clips of Adam, Aisha, and Rocky are heard when calling out their respective Zord name as their morphing command. The reason for this is because the original actors for them were released from contract after the events of the Power Transfer two-parter episode of Mighty Morphin' Power Rangers. Sega and Banpresto asked for permission from Saban Entertainment to use their characters but have the three replacements use their voices instead of Jason, Trini, and Zach. There are cinematic scenes", "title": "Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie (video game)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.41, "text": "the Zeo Crystal. The Green Ranger, Rita Repulsa, betrays them and plans to dominate the universe. The Red Ranger, Zordon, survives Rita's attack and hides five of the Rangers' power source, the Power Coins. He orders Alpha 5, his robotic assistant, to perform a meteor strike that kills him, the dinosaurs, and sends Rita to the bottom of the sea, foiling her scheme. In 21st-century Angel Grove, high school football star Jason Scott is dismissed from the team and placed under house arrest after a failed prank. In detention, he encounters Billy Cranston and Kimberly Hart. After defending Billy from", "title": "Power Rangers (film)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.27, "text": "their lives for each other and resolve to defeat Rita. In doing so, they unlock the Morphing Grid. Zordon revives Billy, sacrificing being able to restore his physical self. With the team restored and confident, the Rangers morph into their armor. Rita creates Goldar, raises an army of Putties, and attacks Angel Grove to find the Zeo Crystal. The Rangers battle the Putties and head to Angel Grove in their Zords. After the Rangers destroy the Putties, Goldar pushes the Rangers and their Zords into a fiery pit. In the pit, the Zords combine and form the Megazord. Rita merges", "title": "Power Rangers (film)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.27, "text": "their doom\"\", but the parents' children, with some help from Bulk and Skull, stop them. After the Rangers gain the Great Power, they return to Angel Grove and battle Ivan's machines with their new Ninja Zords. Using these Zords, they are able to destroy Scorpitron. An enraged Ivan combines with Hornitor, and takes on the Rangers himself. The battle progresses into outer space, and though Ivan consistently has the upper hand, he is destroyed when the Ninja Falcon-Megazord knees him in the groin, which sends him flying into the path of Ryan's Comet, which happened to be passing the Earth", "title": "Villains in Mighty Morphin Power Rangers" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.06, "text": "side-scrolling beat-'em-up that can be played by up to two players, where the player can control both the Rangers themselves and their Zords (depending on the level). The game consists of six stages, with the first two stages and the final one covering events from the film, whereas Stage 3 to 5 are set before the events of the film and adapts key episodes from the TV show's second season (namely \"\"White Light\"\", \"\"Ninja Encounter\"\", and \"\"Power Transfer\"\"). The game's soundtrack, composed by Hikoshi Hashimoto, features hard rock arrangements of Ron Wasserman's original TV themes. The game contains a total", "title": "Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie (video game)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 24.03, "text": "and he unleashes them on Angel Grove, ordering the parents to commit suicide at the construction site. Fred, Bulk, Skull and the other kids head to the construction site to save their parents. The Rangers return with their new animal-themed Ninja Zords and destroy one of Ivan's Ecto-Morphicons. Ivan takes control of the other and battles the Rangers himself. The Rangers lead Ivan into space right into the path of Ryan's Comet, which destroys him. His destruction breaks the hypnosis and the parents are reunited with their children. The Rangers then use the Great Power to restore the Command Center", "title": "Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.02, "text": "been unearthed. Lord Zedd, Rita Repulsa, Goldar, and Mordant arrive at the construction site and crack open the egg, releasing Ivan Ooze after 6,000 years, a morphological being who ruled Earth with an iron fist before he was overthrown by Zordon and a group of young warriors. Ivan lays siege to the Rangers' Command Center and incapacitates Zordon, robbing the Rangers of their powers. As the Rangers return to the Command Center, they find it destroyed and Zordon dying. Zordon's assistant Alpha 5 sends the Rangers to the distant planet Phaedos to obtain the Great Power and save Zordon. On", "title": "Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.88, "text": "tells them to leave for their own safety, but after hearing of Zordon's plight, she agrees to help them and takes them to an ancient ruined temple where the Rangers will have to overcome obstacles to acquire the power of the Ninjetti. Dulcea awakens each Rangers' animal spirit: Aisha is the bear, Rocky is the ape, Billy is the wolf, Kimberly is the crane, Adam is the frog and Tommy is the falcon. The Rangers make their way to the Monolith housing the Great Power, defeating its guardians, and retrieve the Great Power. On Earth, Ivan's Ecto-Morphicons are completely unearthed,", "title": "Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.55, "text": "Zordon Zordon is a fictional character from the \"\"Power Rangers\"\" franchise who serves as the Rangers' mentor. Zordon first appeared on the first season of \"\"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\"\" and appeared in subsequent seasons until the conclusion of \"\"Power Rangers in Space\"\". Ten thousand years ago, Zordon clashes with his nemesis, Rita Repulsa, on Earth. During their final battle, Rita traps Zordon in a time warp while Zordon seals Rita and her minions away in a \"\"Dumpster\"\" on the Moon. After the battle ends, Zordon, with the aid of his robot assistant, Alpha 5, creates a Command Center in the", "title": "Zordon" } ]

[ "Taron Egerton" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.77, "text": "less by heart, I closed my eyes to focus on the soundtrack and decided that, yes, that was the voice of Johnny Cash I was listening to. The closing credits make it clear it's Joaquin Phoenix doing the singing, and I was gob-smacked\"\". For his portrayal of Johnny Cash, Phoenix was nominated for his second Academy Award, in the category of Best Actor as well as the BAFTA Award for Best Actor, Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role. He won the", "title": "Joaquin Phoenix" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.61, "text": "Johnny Murray (voice actor) Johnny Murray was an American voice actor. Before 1929, he was a cornetist at the Cocoanut Grove. In 1929, he was under a contract with First National Pictures to sing for Richard Barthelmess in his films; he provided Barthelmess's voice in \"\"Weary River\"\". He is most famous today for his role as Bosko, the first star of Warner Brothers cartoons. He was the voice actor for Bosko in the 1933 short, \"\"Bosko's Picture Show\"\". This cartoon is infamous for perhaps containing the first cartoon depiction of Adolf Hitler, and possibly of being among the first, if", "title": "Johnny Murray (voice actor)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.56, "text": "played Johnny, a slimy, small-time music promoter and talent scout who notices teenage girls going crazy for the singing and bongo playing of talentless and seemingly idiotic Herbert Rudge (played by James Kenney). Johnny rechristens Rudge as \"\"Bongo Herbert\"\" and signs him to a contract that gives Johnny a 50% share of the profits. With Johnny's help, Bongo rockets to stardom. Bongo's success attracts a host of sleazy music industry types intent on exploiting him. Johnny quickly finds himself outclassed in the sleaze department as Bongo turns out to be the slipperiest slime of them all. The writers of the", "title": "Expresso Bongo" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.44, "text": "for playing Johnny the waiter in \"\"Caroline in the City\"\" with Lea Thompson. A gifted improviser, sketch player and voice-over artist, his impression of Robert De Niro in a sketch entitled \"\"De Niro Sings the Supremes\"\" at The Groundlings, led to him playing a pigeon named Bobby in the cartoon series \"\"Animaniacs\"\", who is based on a character played by De Niro in \"\"Goodfellas\"\". John Mariano John Mariano (born August 5, 1960 in Astoria, New York) is an American actor who has worked in film, television, animation and nightclubs. He is known for playing tough guys with a comic edge.", "title": "John Mariano" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.22, "text": "Vista. Alex has been the official Greek voice of many Disney characters such as Tigger (only his singing voice) and has starred in more than 40 movies such as Lion King 2, Simba's Pride,\"\"Tarzan\"\", \"\"Mulan\"\", \"\"Brother Bear\"\", and many TV shows – he has the role of Johnny in the Greek production of Disney's \"\"Johnny and the Sprites\"\", Captain Monogram, Dad, Irving, Buford, Norm, Roger in Disney's \"\"Phineas and Ferb\"\". In 1998 he performed the singing voice of Jethro in the first classic animated movie of DreamWorks, The Prince of Egypt. He has also performed in Musical Theatre productions in", "title": "Alexandros Panayi" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.22, "text": "with his mother and grandmother (Lucile Watson) while his father returns to Atlanta to continue his controversial editorship in the city's newspaper. Johnny, distraught because of his father's departure, secretly sets off that night for Atlanta with only a bindle. As Johnny sneaks away from the plantation, he is attracted by the voice of Uncle Remus (James Baskett) telling tales of a character named Br'er Rabbit. By this time, word had gotten out that Johnny was missing, and some plantation residents are looking for him. Johnny evades being discovered, but Uncle Remus catches up with him. They befriend each other", "title": "Song of the South" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.22, "text": "mounted in London by the Discovering Lost Musicals Charitable Trust, with Max Gold in the title role. The ReGroup Theatre Company staged 2 sold-out staged readings that were directed by Estelle Parsons at the 47th St Theatre, in New York on Dec 12, 2011. Johnny was played by Pete McElligott, and his performances was named one of the 10 memorable performances of 2011 by Backstage A November 1956 studio recording (\"\"MGM Records\"\" MGM E 3447, later released on Heliodor, Polydor, and online at ArkivMusik.com) has Burgess Meredith as Johnny, Evelyn Lear as Minny Belle, and Hiram Sherman as the Mad", "title": "Johnny Johnson (musical)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.02, "text": "rather than concentrate in class or play sports. Johnny feels like he understands some of his instructions, but also that he is completely misunderstood by the adult world. The lead singer, Colin Hay, uses his voice in different ways throughout the song to imitate Johnny, Johnny's mother and father, and his teacher. The song also features spoken dialogue by keyboardist Greg Ham as he tries to figure out what Johnny is like. The title of the song is a reference to Johnny B. Goode. Colin Hay covered a solo version on his album \"\"Man @ Work\"\", and this version is", "title": "Be Good Johnny" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.92, "text": "not first, widely distributed films that contain verbal usage of the f-bomb. If that is the case, Murray is the first person to use the f-bomb in Hollywood cinema. Johnny Murray (voice actor) Johnny Murray was an American voice actor. Before 1929, he was a cornetist at the Cocoanut Grove. In 1929, he was under a contract with First National Pictures to sing for Richard Barthelmess in his films; he provided Barthelmess's voice in \"\"Weary River\"\". He is most famous today for his role as Bosko, the first star of Warner Brothers cartoons. He was the voice actor for Bosko", "title": "Johnny Murray (voice actor)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.92, "text": "in Tokyo, Japan, and a few weeks later on September 5, it made its South Korean debut in Seoul. Sean Michael Murray took over the role of Johnny, Mariah MacFarlane took over as Heather, and Daniel C. Jackson took over as St. Jimmy. The third US national tour cast included Jared Nepute as Johnny, Casey O'Farrell as Will, Dan Tracy as Tunny, Mariah MacFarlane as Heather, Olivia Puckett as Whatsername, Taylor Jones as Extraordinary Girl, and Daniel C. Jackson as St. Jimmy. On January 16, 2014, Carson Higgins, who had previously been a part of the non-equity/UK tour, took over", "title": "American Idiot (musical)" } ]

[ "Bed and breakfast", "Hotel barge", "Botel" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.92, "text": "clientele. Hotels cater to travelers from many countries and languages, since no one country dominates the travel industry. Hotel operations vary in size, function, and cost. Most hotels and major hospitality companies that operate hotels have set widely accepted industry standards to classify hotel types. General categories include the following: A luxury hotel offers high quality amenities, full service accommodations, on-site full-service restaurants, and the highest level of personalized and professional service. Luxury hotels are normally classified with at least a Five Diamond rating by American Automobile Association or Five Star hotel rating depending on the country and local classification", "title": "Hotel" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.89, "text": "standards. \"\"Examples include: InterContinental, Fairmont, Sofitel, Raffles, Jumeirah, Conrad, Mandarin Oriental, Four Seasons, The Peninsula, Grand Hyatt, JW Marriott and The Ritz-Carlton.\"\" Boutique hotels are smaller independent non-branded hotels that often contain upscale facilities of varying size in unique or intimate settings with full service accommodations. These hotels are generally 100 rooms or fewer. Lifestyle hotels are branded properties that appeal to a guest with specific lifestyle or personal image. They are typically full-service and sometimes classified as luxury. A key characteristic of boutique and lifestyle hotels is their focus on providing a unique guest experience as opposed to simply", "title": "Hotel" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.56, "text": "of mineral water available at the resort, three types were available on the Counts Hotel property: \"\"white,\"\" \"\"red\"\" and \"\"black.\"\" One of the two doctors in the town would prescribe the appropriate water and dosage to each guest. The \"\"white\"\" water was recommended to aid digestion. The sulfurous \"\"red\"\" water was said to be helpful for the bladder and for Bright's disease. The sulfur and magnesium \"\"black\"\" water was claimed to treat the stomach and liver. It remained open in 1952, when only Cloyd Hotel and Counts Hotel were still operating, and has been open almost continuously. Today, it is", "title": "Counts Hotel" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.38, "text": "Numerous types of hotel designs exist in the world. Examples of hotel designs include guest palaces across Asia, English country inns, hotel-casino resorts, designer and art hotels, hotel-spa resorts, boutique hotels, \"\"no-frills\"\" hotels that offer very basic amenities at budget rates, basic rooming houses, monasteries offering refuge and spare bedrooms rented out in ordinary homes. Another type is capsule hotels, which are offered in Japan as an option for those who just need the basic necessities during their stay. Historically, the development of lodging areas and facilities was sometimes driven by their physical locations, such as at river crossings, at", "title": "Hotel design" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.98, "text": "split into different areas by cross-corridor doors, with these subdivisions roughly marking the boundaries of the different houses. The new interior decoration marks these diversions through the use of different wallpaper in heritage colours and patterns. Blue plaques explain who was in residence at specific dates. The Francis Hotel, which features chef Raymond Blanc’s Brasserie Blanc, presently has 98 bedrooms of three different types: Classic, Superior and Feature. The Francis is part of Accor Group's MGallery, launched in September 2008, with 50 hotels over five continents. Francis Hotel, Bath The Francis Hotel is a four star hotel located in a", "title": "Francis Hotel, Bath" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.72, "text": "properties. Many mega-resorts have a large theme park as its centerpiece. Resorts such as the Walt Disney Parks and Resorts feature multiple hotels, multiple theme parks, a shopping complex, and other features. Other mega-resorts exist with no specific centerpiece, having many features that are considered prominent, such as Atlantis Paradise Island and its upcoming sister park in Dubai. Conference and resort hotels Conference and resort hotels are hotels which often contain full-sized luxury facilities with full-service accommodations and amenities. These hotels may attract both business conferences and vacationing tourists and offer more than a convenient place to stay. These hotels", "title": "Conference and resort hotels" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.67, "text": "home\"\" but generally be serviced. Later, these apartments evolved to be complete homes, allowing occupants to do everything they would at home, such as cleaning, washing, and cooking. Extended stay hotels (also called serviced apartments) are a type of lodging with features unavailable at standard hotels. These features are intended to provide more home-like amenities. There are currently 27 extended stay chains in North America with at least 7 hotels, representing over 2,000 properties. There is substantial variation among extended stay hotels with respect to quality and the amenities available. Some of the economy chains attract clientele who use the", "title": "Apartment hotel" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.67, "text": "game features four different types of real estate: commercial, hotel, office, and residential. Each type of real estate comes in three different building sizes: small, medium, and large. Trump checks on the player's progress every six months in the game. If Trump is impressed with the player's progress, he will promote the player up an additional floor in his headquarters. The player's goal is to reach Trump on the top floor. Trump also offers advice and hints to the player throughout the game. A player may choose and purchase a piece of real estate. The price varies on its size", "title": "Donald Trump's Real Estate Tycoon" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.66, "text": "removed 'motel' from its name in 2000, becoming the American Hotel and Lodging Association. The association felt that the term 'lodging' more accurately reflects the large variety of different style hotels, including luxury and boutique hotels, suites, inns, budget, and extended stay hotels. In the late 20th century, a majority of motels in the United States came under the ownership of people of Indian descent, particularly Gujaratis as the original \"\"mom and pop\"\" owners retired from the motel industry and sold their properties. However, some families still kept their motels, and to this day, one can find a motel that", "title": "Motel" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.27, "text": "longer-term full service accommodations compared to a traditional hotel. Timeshare and destination clubs are a form of property ownership involving ownership of an individual unit of accommodation for seasonal usage. A motel is a small-sized low-rise lodging with direct access to individual rooms from the car park. Boutique hotels are typically hotels with a unique environment or intimate setting. A number of hotels have entered the public consciousness through popular culture, such as the Ritz Hotel in London. Some hotels are built specifically as a destination in itself, for example at casinos and holiday resorts. Most hotel establishments are run", "title": "Hotel" } ]

[ "the President of India" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.78, "text": "of High Court. The precise territorial jurisdiction of each High Court varies Judges in a high court are appointed by the President after consultation with the Chief Justice of India, Chief Justice of High Court and the governor of the state. The number of judges in a court is decided by dividing the average institution of main cases during the last five years by the national average, or the average rate of disposal of main cases per judge per year in that High Court, whichever is higher. The Calcutta High Court is the oldest High Court in the country, established", "title": "Judiciary of India" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.88, "text": "headed by a Chief Clerk who assists the President with administrative affairs. Cases before the High Courts or its Branch Courts are heard and decided by a panel of three judges. However, one of the judges may conduct preparatory proceedings. The Court has seven civil courts, each of which has one presiding judge and three judges to handle civil appeals of the second instance and counter-appeal cases under the system of collegial panels, but they do not deal with simple litigation. The Court has eleven criminal courts, each of which has one presiding judge and two or three judges to", "title": "High Court (Taiwan)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.72, "text": "criminal and specialized divisions. Each Division is composed of one Division Chief Judge and two Associate Judges. Additionally, the High Court and its Branch Courts have a Clerical Bureau, which is headed by a Chief Clerk who assists the President with administrative affairs. Cases before the High Courts or its Branch Courts are heard and decided by a panel of three judges. However, one of the judges may conduct preparatory proceedings. The Court has seven civil courts, each of which has one presiding judge and three judges to handle civil appeals of the second instance and counter-appeal cases under the", "title": "Judicial Yuan" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.53, "text": "Ireland, which grants the court \"\"full original jurisdiction in and power to determine all matters and questions whether of law or fact, civil or criminal\"\", as well as the ability to determine \"\"the validity of any law having regard to the provisions of this Constitution\"\". Judges are appointed by the President. However, as with almost all the President's constitutional powers, these appointments are made on \"\"the advice of the Government\"\". In practice, this means that the judges are nominated by the government and automatically approved by the President. The High Court is composed of its president, 35 ordinary judges, and", "title": "High Court (Ireland)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.38, "text": "the Chief Justice and the Judges of the High Court, together with Judicial Commissioners who have the same powers and immunities as High Court Judges. When hearing an appeal, the Court of Appeal normally sits with a bench of three Judges of Appeal, one of whom is the Chief Justice. If necessary though, such as in cases of unusual difficulty or importance, the bench may comprise five or any greater uneven number of judges. Certain appeals, including those against interlocutory orders, may be heard by only two judges. Matters before the Court are decided according to the opinion of the", "title": "Supreme Court of Singapore" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.03, "text": "2017, 1,268 judges deal with over 2.7 million cases in lower courts, 86 High Court justices deal with 431,000 cases and 6 Supreme Court justices deal with 13,000 cases. The Supreme Court of Bangladesh has two divisions namely the Appellate Division and the High Court Division (HCD). The Appellate Division hears both civil and criminal appeals from the High Court Division. The Appellate Division may also decide a point of law reserved for its decision by the High Court, as well as any point of law of public interest arising in the course of an appeal from a subordinate court", "title": "Judiciary of Bangladesh" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.83, "text": "chamber but it may also be composed of judges across the chambers or of more than three judges. Though the President of the High Court appoints a presiding judge for each chamber, all decisions are reached by a simple majority except in jury trials where a qualified majority is necessary for a guilty verdict. As a criminal appellate court in appealed cases where lay judges have taken part in the County Court trial, the High Court is composed of three High Court judges and three lay judges. In cases where special knowledge is needed, i.e. cases regarding removal of children", "title": "Courts of Denmark" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.73, "text": "of Ministers is to evaluate in 2012 to 2015 the extent to which the implementation of Protocol 14 has improved the effectiveness of the Court. The Committee of Ministers is to decide before 2019 whether more reforms of the Court are necessary. Judges are elected for a non-renewable nine-year term. The number of full-time judges sitting in the Court is equal to the number of contracting states to the European Convention on Human Rights, currently 47. The Convention requires that judges are of \"\"high moral character\"\" and have qualifications suitable for high judicial office, or be jurisconsults of recognised competence.", "title": "European Court of Human Rights" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.59, "text": "Justices of the High Court (in practice, a panel of two or three judges). That is, the Court exercises the power to decide which appeal cases it will consider. The issue of appeals from the High Court to the United Kingdom's Judicial Committee of the Privy Council was a significant one during the drafting of the Constitution and it continued to be significant in the years after the court's creation. The wording of section 74 of the constitution that was put to voters in the various colonies was that there was to be no appeal to the Privy Council in", "title": "High Court of Australia" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.38, "text": "appellate jurisdiction over separate sets of District Courts, as listed above. The High Courts and its Branch Courts are divided into civil, criminal and specialized divisions. Each Division is composed of one Division Chief Judge and two Associate Judges. Additionally, the High Court and its Branch Courts have a Clerical Bureau, which is headed by a Chief Clerk who assists the President with administrative affairs. Cases before the High Courts or its Branch Courts are heard and decided by a panel of three judges. However, one of the judges may conduct preparatory proceedings. The Court has seven civil courts, each", "title": "Law of Taiwan" } ]

[ "fertilization", "Human fertilization" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.11, "text": "the oocyte. Fusion between the oocyte plasma membranes and sperm follows and allows the sperm nucleus, the typical centriole, and atypical centriole that is attached to the flagellum, but not the mitochondria, to enter the oocyte. The protein CD9 likely mediates this fusion in mice (the binding homolog). The egg \"\"activates\"\" itself upon fusing with a single sperm cell and thereby changes its cell membrane to prevent fusion with other sperm. Zinc atoms are released during this activation. This process ultimately leads to the formation of a diploid cell called a zygote. The zygote divides to form a blastocyst and,", "title": "Fertilisation" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 23.23, "text": "Cortical reaction The cortical reaction is a process initiated during fertilization by the release of cortical granules from the egg, which prevents polyspermy, the fusion of multiple sperm with one egg. In contrast to the fast block of polyspermy which immediately but temporarily blocks additional sperm from fertilizing the egg, the cortical reaction gradually establishes a permanent barrier to sperm entry and functions as the main part of the slow block of polyspermy in many animals. To create this barrier cortical granules, specialized secretory vesicles located within the egg's cortex (the region directly below the plasma membrane), are fused with", "title": "Cortical reaction" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.19, "text": "a sperm and an egg fuse to form a diploid cell, known as zygote. The successful fusion of gametes forms a new organism. Where the spermatozoon is about to pierce, the yolk (ooplasm) is drawn out into a conical elevation, termed the cone of attraction or reception cone. Once the spermatozoon has entered, the peripheral portion of the yolk changes into a membrane, the perivitelline membrane, which prevents the passage of additional spermatozoa. At the beginning of the process, the sperm undergoes a series of changes, as freshly ejaculated sperm is unable or poorly able to fertilize. The sperm must", "title": "Human fertilization" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.61, "text": "an egg by sperm and transport of waste products to the lysozome are a few of the many eukaryotic processes that rely on some form of fusion. Even the entry of pathogens can be governed by fusion, as many bilayer-coated viruses have dedicated fusion proteins to gain entry into the host cell. There are four fundamental steps in the fusion process. First, the involved membranes must aggregate, approaching each other to within several nanometers. Second, the two bilayers must come into very close contact (within a few angstroms). To achieve this close contact, the two surfaces must become at least", "title": "Lipid bilayer" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 22.55, "text": "process of sperm penetration through the zona pellucida and fusion with the egg proper in living (hamster) egg, which was the first in mammals. He was one of few who began to study the process and mechanisms of mammalian fertilization using in vitro fertilization technique. Throughout his career he has made numerous, fundamental contributions to our understanding of mammalian fertilization and to the development of assisted fertilization technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) which are widely used today in human infertility clinics throughout the world. His comprehensive review of the basic biology of \"\"Mammalian", "title": "Ryuzo Yanagimachi" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.42, "text": "of the internal vesicles and outer membrane to fuse - similar to sperm-egg fusion. Back-Fusion Back-fusion is the fusion of internal (intraluminal) vesicles within multivesicular bodies or late endosomes with the endosome’s limiting membrane. The process is believed to be mediated by lysobiphosphatidic acid (LBPA), phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate, Alix, and an apparent dependence on an acidic pH. MHC class 2 and other proteins (CD63 and MPR) utilize such a process to effectively transport to locations in the cytosol and back to the plasma membrane. However, pathogens also exploit this mechanism to efficiently enter the cytosol of the cell (e.g. VSV, anthrax). Unlike", "title": "Back-Fusion" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.34, "text": "takes place, preventing other sperm from fertilizing the same egg. The oocyte now undergoes its second meiotic division producing the haploid ovum and releasing a polar body. The sperm nucleus then fuses with the ovum, enabling fusion of their genetic material. The fusion of cell membranes of the secondary oocyte and sperm takes place. In preparation for the fusion of their genetic material both the oocyte and the sperm undergo transformations as a reaction to the fusion of cell membranes. The oocyte completes its second meiotic division. This results in a mature ovum. The nucleus of the oocyte is called", "title": "Human fertilization" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 22.11, "text": "bilayer also remain separated. Fusion is involved in many cellular processes, particularly in eukaryotes since the eukaryotic cell is extensively sub-divided by lipid bilayer membranes. Exocytosis, fertilization of an egg by sperm and transport of waste products to the lysosome are a few of the many eukaryotic processes that rely on some form of fusion. Fusion is also an important mechanism for transport of lipids from their site of synthesis to the membrane where they are needed. Even the entry of pathogens can be governed by fusion, as many bilayer-coated viruses have dedicated fusion proteins to gain entry into the", "title": "Lipid bilayer fusion" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.02, "text": "and once bound together, the sperm and the egg fuse together to form two pronuclei These pronuclei supply the zygote with the genetic material necessary for the formation of an embryo. Additionally, once the fusion of the sperm and oocyte is complete, phospholipase C zeta is released from the sperm. As the sperm arrive at the egg, it is the egg that chooses the sperm and pulls it towards her. The selected sperm actually tries to swim away from the egg but is tethered to the egg by female hormones. The membrane around the egg literally opens up and swallows", "title": "Acrosome reaction" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.86, "text": "Acrosome reaction During fertilization, a sperm must first fuse with the plasma membrane and then penetrate the female egg in order to fertilize it. Fusing to the egg usually causes little problem, whereas penetrating through the egg's hard shell or extracellular matrix can present more of a problem to the sperm. Therefore, sperm cells go through a process known as the acrosome reaction which is the reaction that occurs in the acrosome of the sperm as it approaches the egg. The \"\"acrosome\"\" is a cap-like structure over the anterior half of the sperm's head. As the sperm approaches the zona", "title": "Acrosome reaction" } ]

[ "middle layer", "The uvea", "uvea" ]

[ { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.36, "text": "Uvea The uvea (/ˈjuːvɪə/) (Lat. \"\"uva\"\", grape), also called the \"\"uveal layer\"\", \"\"uveal coat\"\", \"\"uveal tract\"\", \"\"vascular tunic\"\" or \"\"vascular layer\"\" is the pigmented middle of the three concentric layers that make up an eye. The name is possibly a reference to its reddish-blue or almost black colour, wrinkled appearance and grape-like size and shape when stripped intact from a cadaveric eye. Its use as a technical term in anatomy and ophthalmology is relatively modern. The uvea is the vascular middle layer of the eye. It is traditionally divided into three areas, from front to back, the: The prime functions", "title": "Uvea" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 24.58, "text": "layer, known as the fibrous tunic, is composed of the cornea and sclera. The middle layer, known as the vascular tunic or uvea, consists of the choroid, ciliary body, pigmented epithelium and iris. The innermost is the retina, which gets its oxygenation from the blood vessels of the choroid (posteriorly) as well as the retinal vessels (anteriorly). The spaces of the eye are filled with the aqueous humour anteriorly, between the cornea and lens, and the vitreous body, a jelly-like substance, behind the lens, filling the entire posterior cavity. The aqueous humour is a clear watery fluid that is contained", "title": "Human eye" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.22, "text": "Choroid The choroid, also known as the choroidea or choroid coat, is the vascular layer of the eye, containing connective tissues, and lying between the retina and the sclera. The human choroid is thickest at the far extreme rear of the eye (at 0.2 mm), while in the outlying areas it narrows to 0.1 mm. The choroid provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer layers of the retina. Along with the ciliary body and iris, the choroid forms the uveal tract. The structure of the choroid is generally divided into four layers (classified in order of furthest away from the", "title": "Choroid" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.7, "text": "influence of optical stimuli during eye-growth indicate that the complex function of this tissue is not entirely understood and might be one of the reasons for the frequently found separation in vascular size between Haller's and Sattle's layer. Sattler's layer Sattler's layer, named after Hubert Sattler, an Austrian ophthalmologist, is one of five (or six) layers of medium-diameter blood vessels of the choroid, and a layer of the eye. It is situated between the Bruch's membrane, choriocapillaris and Haller's layer below, and the suprachoroidea above, respectively. The origin seems to be related to a continuous differentiation throughout the growth of", "title": "Sattler's layer" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 22.34, "text": "(i.e., the body's inability to distinguish between them, with resulting misdirected inflammatory reactions). See uveitis, choroiditis, iritis, iridocyclitis, anterior uveitis, sympathetic ophthalmia, and uveal melanoma. Uvea The uvea (/ˈjuːvɪə/) (Lat. \"\"uva\"\", grape), also called the \"\"uveal layer\"\", \"\"uveal coat\"\", \"\"uveal tract\"\", \"\"vascular tunic\"\" or \"\"vascular layer\"\" is the pigmented middle of the three concentric layers that make up an eye. The name is possibly a reference to its reddish-blue or almost black colour, wrinkled appearance and grape-like size and shape when stripped intact from a cadaveric eye. Its use as a technical term in anatomy and ophthalmology is relatively modern.", "title": "Uvea" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 22.05, "text": "Uveitis Uveitis is the inflammation of the uvea, the pigmented layer that lies between the inner retina and the outer fibrous layer composed of the sclera and cornea. The uvea consists of the middle layer of pigmented vascular structures of the eye and includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. Uveitis is an ophthalmic emergency and requires a thorough examination by an optometrist or ophthalmologist and urgent treatment to control the inflammation. It is often associated with other ocular problems. Uveitis is classified anatomically into anterior, intermediate, posterior, and panuveitic forms—based on the part of the eye primarily affected. Prior", "title": "Uveitis" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.89, "text": "suspension of the lens of the eye. Ciliary muscle The ciliary muscle is a ring of smooth muscle in the eye's middle layer (vascular layer) that controls accommodation for viewing objects at varying distances and regulates the flow of aqueous humor into Schlemm's canal. It changes the shape of the lens within the eye, not the size of the pupil which is carried out by the sphincter pupillae muscle and dilator pupillae. The ciliary muscle develops from mesenchyme within the choroid and is considered a cranial neural crest derivative. The ciliary muscle receives parasympathetic fibers from the short ciliary nerves", "title": "Ciliary muscle" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.66, "text": "Ciliary muscle The ciliary muscle is a ring of smooth muscle in the eye's middle layer (vascular layer) that controls accommodation for viewing objects at varying distances and regulates the flow of aqueous humor into Schlemm's canal. It changes the shape of the lens within the eye, not the size of the pupil which is carried out by the sphincter pupillae muscle and dilator pupillae. The ciliary muscle develops from mesenchyme within the choroid and is considered a cranial neural crest derivative. The ciliary muscle receives parasympathetic fibers from the short ciliary nerves that arise from the ciliary ganglion. The", "title": "Ciliary muscle" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.36, "text": "between the blood and the tissues; and the veins, which carry blood from the capillaries back toward the heart. The word \"\"vascular\"\", meaning relating to the blood vessels, is derived from the Latin \"\"vas\"\", meaning vessel. A few structures (such as cartilage and the lens of the eye) do not contain blood vessels and are labeled. The arteries and veins have three layers. The middle layer is thicker in the arteries than it is in the veins: Capillaries consist of little more than a layer of endothelium and occasional connective tissue. When blood vessels connect to form a region of", "title": "Blood vessel" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.27, "text": "between 28% and 50%. Uveitis is estimated to be responsible for approximately 10%-20% of the blindness in the United States. Uveitis Uveitis is the inflammation of the uvea, the pigmented layer that lies between the inner retina and the outer fibrous layer composed of the sclera and cornea. The uvea consists of the middle layer of pigmented vascular structures of the eye and includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. Uveitis is an ophthalmic emergency and requires a thorough examination by an optometrist or ophthalmologist and urgent treatment to control the inflammation. It is often associated with other ocular problems.", "title": "Uveitis" } ]

[ "Máximo Gomez", "Antonio Maceo", "José Martí" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.53, "text": "Ten Years' War The Ten Years' War () (1868–1878), also known as the Great War (\"\"Guerra Grande\"\") and the War of '68, was part of Cuba's fight for independence from Spain. The uprising was led by Cuban-born planters and other wealthy natives. On October 10, 1868 sugar mill owner Carlos Manuel de Céspedes and his followers proclaimed independence, beginning the conflict. This was the first of three liberation wars that Cuba fought against Spain, the other two being the Little War (1879–1880) and the Cuban War of Independence (1895–1898). The final three months of the last conflict escalated with United", "title": "Ten Years' War" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.31, "text": "resistant to Spanish colonial rule. August 26, 1896 presented the first call to revolt, led by Andrés Bonifacio, succeeded by Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy, who had his predecessor arrested. Bonifacio was executed on May 10, 1897. Aguinaldo then negotiated the Pact of Biak-na-Bato with the Spaniards and was exiled to Hong Kong along with the other revolutionary leaders. The Spanish–American War that followed had overwhelming U.S. public support due to the popular fervor towards supporting Cuban freedom as well as furthering U.S. economic interests overseas. The U.S. was particularly attracted to the developing sugar industry in Cuba. The U.S. military", "title": "Treaty of Paris (1898)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.23, "text": "nationalists was ultimately ineffective and Spain's authority was challenged most seriously by the 1895 rebellion led by José Martí. Spain's policy against Cuban independence brought her increasingly into conflict with the United States, an antagonism that culminated in the Spanish–American War of 1898. Second, the political repression of Spain's working class was growing increasingly troublesome, and pressure for expanded suffrage mounted amid widespread discontent with the \"\"cacique\"\" system of electoral manipulation. Cánovas' policies included mass arrests and a policy of torture: During a religious procession in 1896, at Barcelona, a bomb was thrown. Immediately three hundred men and women were", "title": "Antonio Cánovas del Castillo" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.16, "text": "time and was initiated in the mysteries of Freemasonry. The Cuban Freemasonry movement was influenced by the principles of the French Revolution - \"\"Liberty, Equality and Fraternity\"\" - as well as the Masons' main guidelines: God, Reason, Virtue. Approximately two weeks after the October 10, 1868 revolt led by Carlos Manuel de Céspedes against Spain known as \"\"The cry of Yara\"\" (\"\"El grito de Yara\"\"), Maceo, together with his father and brothers joined the war. Mariana Grajales, followed her family members into the \"\"manigua\"\" (the woods and most thick countryside) in order to support the mambises, as Cuban rebels were", "title": "Antonio Maceo Grajales" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.14, "text": "in 1892 as a protest against corruption of Romero de Robledo, a politician well known for his corrupt practices, and appointed Minister of Colonies by Prime Minister Antonio Cánovas del Castillo. He was later known as the \"\"Butcher of Cuba\"\". The revolution in Cuba led by Antonio Maceo Grajales inspired Philippine insurgents to revolt as well. Being the last important colony under control of Spain, the Spanish government tried to contain the Philippine Revolution under the administration of Ramón Blanco y Erenas. The further spread of the insurgency in the Philippines led to the turnover of the post of Governor", "title": "Camilo García de Polavieja" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25, "text": "final Spanish defeat. Cuba had been in rebellion against Spain since 1895. Soon after the rebellion began, two insurgent leaders — José Martí and General Máximo Gómez — had landed at the beach of Cajobabo, between Guantánamo Bay and Cape Maisí, but after three years of fighting throughout the island, the rebels had only been successful in two provinces — Oriente and Camagüey. Following the explosion of the battleship in Havana harbor in February 1898, the U.S. declared war on Spain in support of the Cuban insurgents. Havana harbor was blockaded, and by the end of May the Spanish fleet", "title": "Battle of Guantánamo Bay" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.92, "text": "devastated the coffee industry, and American tariffs badly damaged Cuban exports. Ten Years' War The Ten Years' War () (1868–1878), also known as the Great War (\"\"Guerra Grande\"\") and the War of '68, was part of Cuba's fight for independence from Spain. The uprising was led by Cuban-born planters and other wealthy natives. On October 10, 1868 sugar mill owner Carlos Manuel de Céspedes and his followers proclaimed independence, beginning the conflict. This was the first of three liberation wars that Cuba fought against Spain, the other two being the Little War (1879–1880) and the Cuban War of Independence (1895–1898).", "title": "Ten Years' War" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.66, "text": "Virginia planters sold many in the internal domestic slave trade, who were shipped or taken overland to the Deep South, which had greatly expanded its cotton production. Full independence from Spain was the goal of a rebellion in 1868 led by planter Carlos Manuel de Céspedes. De Céspedes, a sugar planter, freed his slaves to fight with him for an independent Cuba. On 27 December 1868, he issued a decree condemning slavery in theory but accepting it in practice and declaring free any slaves whose masters present them for military service. The 1868 rebellion resulted in a prolonged conflict known", "title": "Cuba" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 24.59, "text": "the Cuban Revolutionary Committee with other revolutionaries. In 1878, he issued a manifesto against Spanish rule of Cuba. This met with approval amongst other revolutionary leaders, and war began on August 26, 1879. The revolution was led by Calixto García, having been one of the few revolutionary leaders who did not sign the Pact of Zanjón. Among the other prominent leaders were José Maceo (the brother of Antonio Maceo), Guillermo Moncada, Emilio Núñez. The revolutionaries faced many problems which were difficult to overcome. They lacked experienced leaders other than García, and they had a dire shortage of weapons and ammunition.", "title": "Little War (Cuba)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.5, "text": "September 14, 1863, a provisional government led by General José Antonio Salcedo formed in Santiago, dedicated to the expulsion of the Spanish presence. Adding to the enthusiasm for the rebellion were fears that Spain planned to reintroduce slavery in Santo Domingo, given its continued existence in the Cuban and Puerto Rican colonies. This fear transformed the uprising into an increasingly racial conflict—a conflict the Europeans could not win, given the overwhelming mulatto majority. Rebels burned and looted property and raped and murdered whites. By the end of the conflict, Spain had spent over 33 million pesos and had suffered 10,888", "title": "Spanish occupation of the Dominican Republic" } ]

[ "1835" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.02, "text": "Association of Firearm and Tool Mark Examiners The Association of Firearm and Tool Mark Examiners (AFTE) is an international non-profit organization dedicated to the advancement of firearm and tool mark identification, which is one of the forensic sciences. Prior to 1969, police and civilian firearm and tool mark examiners regularly met during annual meetings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS) to discuss concerns specific to their field. In 1969, 35 examiners from the United States and Canada met at the Chicago Police Department Crime Laboratory and formed the Association of Firearm and Tool Mark Examiners. The first official", "title": "Association of Firearm and Tool Mark Examiners" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.81, "text": "was attended by 149 examiners from seven countries. In 1980, AFTE published the AFTE Glossary. It consisted of definitions and illustrations related to the field of firearm and tool mark identification, commonly used abbreviations, various formulas for determining bullet energy and rate of spin and useful chemical formulas. A second, more comprehensive edition was published in 1982 and a third edition of the glossary was published in 1994. This edition featured material from the first two editions with additional definitions and illustrations as well as new appendices which included definitions for computer terminology, fingernail examinations (a tool mark in a", "title": "Association of Firearm and Tool Mark Examiners" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.28, "text": "Association publication was \"\"AFTE Newsletter\"\" Number 1, published on May 15, 1969. In 1972, the title of the publication was changed to \"\"AFTE Journal\"\". Each year since 1969, an Annual AFTE training seminar has been held at locations throughout the United States and Canada. The primary purpose of the annual seminars is to provide for the interchange of information as it relates to all aspects of the science of firearm and tool mark identification. The fifth anniversary training seminar in Washington, D.C. in 1974 was attended by 87 individuals, representing three countries. Five years later, the seminar in Milwaukee, Wisconsin,", "title": "Association of Firearm and Tool Mark Examiners" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.78, "text": "1930s, Richard Warren at IBM experimented with optical mark sense systems for test scoring, as documented in US Patents 2,150,256 (filed in 1932, granted in 1939) and 2,010,653 (filed in 1933, granted in 1935). The first successful optical mark-sense scanner was developed by Everett Franklin Lindquist as documented in US Patent 3,050,248 (filed in 1955, granted in 1962). Lindquist had developed numerous standardized educational tests, and needed a better test scoring machine than the then-standard IBM 805. The rights to Lindquist's patents were held by the Measurement Research Center until 1968, when the University of Iowa sold the operation to", "title": "Optical mark recognition" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.53, "text": "Assistantship provides funding for approved projects that will result in the development of or improvements to investigative methods or techniques enhancing the quality of the discipline. Firearm identification is sometimes incorrectly referred to as ballistics. Association of Firearm and Tool Mark Examiners The Association of Firearm and Tool Mark Examiners (AFTE) is an international non-profit organization dedicated to the advancement of firearm and tool mark identification, which is one of the forensic sciences. Prior to 1969, police and civilian firearm and tool mark examiners regularly met during annual meetings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS) to discuss concerns", "title": "Association of Firearm and Tool Mark Examiners" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.48, "text": "match bullets and cartridge cases to the guns used to fire them, and comparison microscopes have become more sophisticated. By the end of the 1980s, ballistic identification was an established sub-specialty of forensic science. Visualization tools have also been developed to allows the firearms examiner to verify the degree of similarity between any two tool-marks in question. These are designed to simulate the operation of the comparison microscope but is capable of rendering a 2D view of the 3D surfaces in a manner similar to that of the conventional comparison microscope. The prevalence of hand-gun related crime in the United", "title": "Comparison microscope" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.47, "text": "recently. Starting in the grasslands of the rift, \"\"Homo erectus\"\", the predecessor of modern humans, found an ecological niche as a tool-maker and developed a dependence on it, becoming a \"\"tool equipped savanna dweller\"\". The oldest indirect evidence found of stone tool use is fossilised animal bones with tool marks; these are 3.4 million years old and were found in the Lower Awash Valley in Ethiopia. Archaeological discoveries in Kenya in 2015, identifying possibly the oldest known evidence of hominin use of tools to date, have indicated that Kenyanthropus platyops (a 3.2 to 3.5-million-year-old Pliocene hominin fossil discovered in Lake", "title": "Stone Age" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.41, "text": "1992. The first successful embedding and extraction of a steganographic spread spectrum watermark was demonstrated in 1993 by Andrew Tirkel, Charles Osborne and Gerard Rankin. Watermarks are identification marks produced during the paper making process. The first watermarks appeared in Italy during the 13th century, but their use rapidly spread across Europe. They were used as a means to identify the paper maker or the trade guild that manufactured the paper. The marks often were created by a wire sewn onto the paper mold. Watermarks continue to be used today as manufacturer's marks and to prevent forgery. Digital watermarking may", "title": "Digital watermarking" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.02, "text": "This process would allow access to begin phase four, which consisted of using hand tools and sifters to screen sediment and identify any possible artifacts. On March 20, 2001, the first human remains were discovered in the sediment. Owsley confirmed the identification of three ribs from the right side of a man's body. When he viewed the submarine tomb of the Confederate soldiers, instead of merely seeing scattered skeletal remains and sediment, he solemnly visualized the men at their stations as the vessel began to slowly fill with water. He imagined their lives turn to panic as the water crept", "title": "Douglas W. Owsley" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 18.94, "text": "which he did the first topographical sketch. In 1879 he went into the Great Basin with Grove Karl Gilbert and John Welsey Powell. Thompson claimed to have been the first person to use fingerprints for identification in 1882, when he had his thumb print on a message that said \"\"August 8, 1882-Mr. Jonas Sutler will pay Lying Bob Seventy Five Dollar\"\". In 1884 Thompson was made head of the Appalachian division of the US Geological Survey. In 1888 he co-founded the National Geographic Society, and in 1889 provided the first map supplement for the National Geographic Magazine; \"\"North Carolina-Tennessee-Asheville Sheet\"\".", "title": "Gilbert Thompson" } ]

[ "Roger Federer" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 26.77, "text": "2002 Australian Open – Men's Singles Andre Agassi was the two-time defending champion, but withdrew due to wrist injury. Thomas Johansson (SWE) defeated Marat Safin (RUS) 3–6, 6–4, 6–4, 7–6 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 2002 Australian Open. Johansson became the first Swede to win the Australian Open since Mats Wilander in 1988. The 2002 edition of the tournament marked the first time that the top two seeds have lost in the first round at Australian Open. In the first round, Number one seed Lleyton Hewitt lost to Alberto Martín, while Number two", "title": "2002 Australian Open – Men's Singles" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 26.75, "text": "1974 Australian Open – Men's Singles Jimmy Connors defeated Phil Dent 7–6, 6–4, 4–6, 6–3 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1974 Australian Open. John Newcombe was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Ross Case. Björn Borg competed in this Australian Open for the first and only time in his career. He lost to Dent in the third round. The format was the same as the previous year with the first round best of 3 sets and the rest of the tournament best of 5 sets. The seeded players are listed", "title": "1974 Australian Open – Men's Singles" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 26.61, "text": "below. Jimmy Connors is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated. 1974 Australian Open – Men's Singles Jimmy Connors defeated Phil Dent 7–6, 6–4, 4–6, 6–3 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1974 Australian Open. John Newcombe was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Ross Case. Björn Borg competed in this Australian Open for the first and only time in his career. He lost to Dent in the third round. The format was the same as the previous year with the first round best of 3 sets", "title": "1974 Australian Open – Men's Singles" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 26.56, "text": "2003 Australian Open – Men's Singles Thomas Johansson was the defending champion, but he did not participate this year due to an injury. Andre Agassi defeated Rainer Schüttler 6–2, 6–2, 6–1 in the final to win the Men's Singles title at the 2003 Australian Open. This was Agassi's eighth and last Grand Slam title, his first having come at the 1992 Wimbledon Championships. Agassi's win in the final was his 21st consecutive match win at the Australian Open as he won the title in 2000 and 2001 (he skipped the 2002 event). It was notable for the first grand slam", "title": "2003 Australian Open – Men's Singles" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 26.53, "text": "1982 Australian Open – Men's Singles Johan Kriek was the defending champion, and successfully defended his title, defeating Steve Denton 6–3, 6–3, 6–2 in the final to win the Men's Singles title at the 1982 Australian Open, what was the rematch of the previous year. The format of this year's tournament was best of 5 sets in the first 2 rounds, best of 3 sets in rounds 3 and 4, then best of 5 sets for the rest of the tournament. The seeded players are listed below. Johan Kriek is the champion; others show the round in which they were", "title": "1982 Australian Open – Men's Singles" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 26.52, "text": "2013 Australian Open – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the two-time defending champion, and successfully defended his title by defeating Andy Murray in the final 6–7, 7–6, 6–3, 6–2. In winning the 2013 title, Djokovic became the first man in the Open Era to win the Australian Open three consecutive times, and the third man after Roger Federer and Andre Agassi to win the title four times overall. Djokovic retained the ATP number 1 ranking by reaching the semifinals after Federer failed to win the title. They were in contention for the top ranking at the start of the tournament.", "title": "2013 Australian Open – Men's Singles" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 26.52, "text": "2013 Australian Open – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the two-time defending champion, and successfully defended his title by defeating Andy Murray in the final 6–7, 7–6, 6–3, 6–2. In winning the 2013 title, Djokovic became the first man in the Open Era to win the Australian Open three consecutive times, and the third man after Roger Federer and Andre Agassi to win the title four times overall. Djokovic retained the ATP number 1 ranking by reaching the semifinals after Federer failed to win the title. They were in contention for the top ranking at the start of the tournament.", "title": "2013 Australian Open – Men's Singles" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 26.48, "text": "2011 Australian Open – Men's Singles Roger Federer was the defending champion, but was defeated in the semifinals by Novak Djokovic, who went on to win the tournament by defeating Andy Murray 6–4, 6–2, 6–3 in the final. It was Djokovic's 2nd title at the Australian Open, and 2nd Major title overall. Rafael Nadal, the 2009 champion, had the chance to become the first man since Rod Laver in 1969 to hold all four Grand Slam tournaments at once, having won the French Open, Wimbledon and U.S. Open in 2010, but he lost in the quarter-finals against compatriot David Ferrer.", "title": "2011 Australian Open – Men's Singles" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 26.48, "text": "2011 Australian Open – Men's Singles Roger Federer was the defending champion, but was defeated in the semifinals by Novak Djokovic, who went on to win the tournament by defeating Andy Murray 6–4, 6–2, 6–3 in the final. It was Djokovic's 2nd title at the Australian Open, and 2nd Major title overall. Rafael Nadal, the 2009 champion, had the chance to become the first man since Rod Laver in 1969 to hold all four Grand Slam tournaments at once, having won the French Open, Wimbledon and U.S. Open in 2010, but he lost in the quarter-finals against compatriot David Ferrer.", "title": "2011 Australian Open – Men's Singles" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 26.47, "text": "2016 Australian Open – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the defending champion and successfully defended his title, defeating Andy Murray, 6–1, 7–5, 7–6 in a rematch of the previous year's final, and the fourth Australian Open final between the pair. Djokovic also equaled Roy Emerson's all-time men's record of six Australian Open singles titles. Murray also became the second man in the Open Era (after Ivan Lendl) to lose five Grand Slam finals at one event, and is the only one to have the distinction without having won the title. Australian Lleyton Hewitt, a 2005 finalist, two-time Grand Slam champion", "title": "2016 Australian Open – Men's Singles" } ]

[ "Germany" ]

[ { "hasanswer": true, "score": 22.02, "text": "2017, Brazil returned to the No. 1 spot for the first time since just prior to the 2010 World Cup, but Germany regained the top spot in July after winning the Confederations Cup. In August 2018, France became the leader in the FIFA rankings again after nearly 16 years, having won the 2018 FIFA World Cup, and this is also the first time FIFA adopted the Elo rating system to the ranking system. One month later, for the first time two teams were tied at the top spot as Belgium returned to the number one spot with the same ranking", "title": "FIFA World Rankings" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.09, "text": "and England reached the #2 ranking in March 2018. The United States holds the record for the longest period being ranked first: almost 7 years, from March 2008 to December 2014. In the latest rankings, action from Women's World Cup qualifying tournaments in UEFA and CONCACAF, as well as the 2018 Tournament of Nations, caused movement throughout the rankings, though three of the top five did not change. The United States (#1), Germany (#2), and Canada (#5) retained their positions while England (#3) and France (#4) swapped. Australia rose to #6 on a 33-point gain, the largest gain among any", "title": "FIFA Women's World Rankings" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.98, "text": "both the FIFA World Rankings for men and the FIFA Women's World Rankings are based on a modified version of the Elo formula, the men's rankings having switched away from FIFA's own system for matches played since June 2018. The following table shows the top 100 teams in the World Football Elo Ratings as they were on 16 December 2018, using data from the World Football Elo Ratings web site. Each national team's FIFA World Ranking is shown as per the latest release on 29 November 2018. The following is the list of nations who have achieved the number one", "title": "World Football Elo Ratings" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 20.97, "text": "The 19 July 2018 release was cancelled following the new calculation method implementation. FIFA World Rankings The FIFA World Ranking is a ranking system for men's national teams in association football, currently led by Belgium. The teams of the member nations of FIFA, football's world governing body, are ranked based on their game results with the most successful teams being ranked highest. The rankings were introduced in December 1992, and eight teams (Argentina, Belgium, Brazil, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain) have held the top position, of which Brazil have spent the longest ranked first. A points system is", "title": "FIFA World Rankings" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 20.77, "text": "FIFA World Rankings The FIFA World Ranking is a ranking system for men's national teams in association football, currently led by Belgium. The teams of the member nations of FIFA, football's world governing body, are ranked based on their game results with the most successful teams being ranked highest. The rankings were introduced in December 1992, and eight teams (Argentina, Belgium, Brazil, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain) have held the top position, of which Brazil have spent the longest ranked first. A points system is used, with points being awarded based on the results of all FIFA-recognised full", "title": "FIFA World Rankings" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 20.53, "text": "Olympics. The team is governed by United States Soccer Federation and competes in CONCACAF (the Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football). After being ranked No. 2 on average from 2003 to 2008 in the FIFA Women's World Rankings, the team was ranked No. 1 continuously from March 2008 to November 2014, falling back behind Germany, the only other team to occupy the No. 1 position in the ranking's history. The team dropped to 2nd on March 24, 2017, due to its last-place finish in the 2017 SheBelieves Cup, then returned to 1st on June 23, 2017, after", "title": "United States women's national soccer team" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.52, "text": "Cup, becoming the first French team to win the World Cup. Two years later, David Trezeguet's golden goal in extra time gave France a 2–1 win over Italy to give France the 2000 European Championship. France were subsequently ranked No. 1 in the FIFA World Rankings and ranked No. 1 in the World Football Elo Ratings for two years. The team also secured the 2001 FIFA Confederations Cup. Despite this impressive recent record the French team flopped at the 2002 FIFA World Cup, losing to newcomers Senegal in the opening match of the tournament and crashing out in the group", "title": "Golden generation" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.22, "text": "Israeli press; and Belgium's rank of world number 1 in November 2015, given that Belgium had only played in one tournament final stage in the past 13 years. Further criticisms of the 2006-2018 formula included the inability of hosts of major tournaments to retain a high place in the rankings, as the team participated in only lower-value friendly matches due to their automatic qualification for the tournament. For example, 2014 FIFA World Cup hosts Brazil fell to a record low ranking of 22nd in the world prior to that tournament, at which they then finished fourth. 2018 FIFA World Cup", "title": "FIFA World Rankings" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 20.05, "text": "following team received the next immediate rank possible, e.g. if two teams had R=11, the following team had R=12, not 13. Then the rating changes according to the games played after previous release were calculated. This produced a more dramatically altered ranking table, with Germany falling to 15th and 2018 FIFA World Cup champions France moving to the top of the ranking. When the system was introduced, Germany debuted as the top-ranked team following their extended period of dominance in which they had reached the three previous FIFA World Cup finals, winning one of them. Brazil took the lead in", "title": "FIFA World Rankings" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 20.03, "text": "will be updated on a game-by-game basis. The weighting designated for each confederation for ranking purposes will be abolished. However, the new methodology does not account for home or away games and margin of the victory, as Elo rankings. FIFA had intended to introduce the new ranking system in July 2018, but with no matches scheduled between the July and August ranking dates, delayed until August 2018. There was speculation from football journalists such as ESPN's Dale Johnson that this was because projections of the new rankings had seen relatively little change in positions, with Germany – who had been", "title": "FIFA World Rankings" } ]

[ "the 12th century" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.53, "text": "Bed N.V. acquired the German company \"\"Matratzen Concord\"\", whose headquarters are in Cologne. At the same time \"\"Matratzen Concord\"\" began its expansion into Austria and Switzerland (1998), as well as the Netherlands (1999), France and Italy (2000). Also in 1998, Mark and Pieter Diks, the holding's founding brothers, sold a large amount of their shares in the company, reducing their commitment to 18%. The holding's structure began to change in 1999. One of the founding brothers, Pieter Diks, sold his remaining shares and retired from the management. Mark Diks again reduced his share in the company in May 2000 but", "title": "Beter Bed" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.36, "text": "of his palaces. Some of them had embroideries enriched with pearls, and figures on a silver or golden ground. The great bed at Versailles had crimson velvet curtains on which \"\"The Triumph of Venus\"\" was embroidered. So much gold was used that the velvet scarcely showed. In the 18th century feather pillows were first used as coverings in Germany, which in the fashions of the bed and the curious etiquette connected with the bedchamber followed France for the most part. The beds were \"\"a la duchesse\"\", but in France itself there was great variety both of name and shape. The", "title": "Bed" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.34, "text": "last leading furniture designer for Louis XVI, Georges Jacob, formed a new firm with his two brothers, and, between 1796 and 1803, became the most prominent designer of the later neoclassical period. He made an effort to find classical forms that were more authentic. The type of Greek chair called the \"\"klismos\"\" became especially popular; Jacob produced a variety of neoclassical divans and stools, as well as the \"\"Lit de Repos\"\", or day bed, which appeared in Jacques-Louis David's portrait of Madame Recamier. Another popular form was the folding stool, modeled after those that were used in Roman army encampments.", "title": "Neoclassicism in France" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.91, "text": "medieval Europe for warmth and privacy, as their attendants often slept in the same room. Until the 16th century, these beds, even those of the nobles, were fairly plain and understated. During this period, carved work on the headboard and posts became popular and more ornate canopy beds followed. In pre-Republican China, until 1911, the family's canopy bed was the most important piece of household furniture, and often part of the bride's dowry. As signifiers of status, these beds were often intricately decorated with auspicious motifs, particularly relating to fertility, longevity and a happy marital union. Today’s canopy beds generally", "title": "Canopy bed" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.56, "text": "Germany, \"\"chambres d'hotes\"\" in France) for the first time. Some were inspired to open B&Bs in the U.S.; tourist home owners updated their properties as B&Bs. The interest in B&Bs coincided with an increasing interest in historic preservation, spurred by the U.S. Bicentennial in 1976 and assisted by two crucial pieces of legislation: the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, and the Tax Reform Act of 1976, which provided tax incentives for the restoration and reuse of historic structures. Through the 1980s and 1990s, B&Bs increased rapidly in numbers and evolved from homestay B&Bs with shared baths and a simple", "title": "Bed and breakfast" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.56, "text": "Versailles women received their friends in their beds, both before and after childbirth, during periods of mourning, and even directly after marriage—in fact in any circumstances which were thought deserving of congratulation or condolence. During the 17th century this curious custom became general, perhaps to avoid the tiresome details of etiquette. Portable beds were used in high society in France until the end of the \"\"Ancien Régime\"\". The earliest of which mention has been found belonged to Charles the Bold. They had curtains over a light framework, and were in their way as fine as the stationary beds. Iron beds", "title": "Bed" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.55, "text": "midwest of the country were more likely than those in the south or west to recommend tanning beds to treat vitamin D deficiency and depression. Tanning bed use is more prevalent in northern countries. In Sweden in 2001, 44% said they had used one (in a survey of 1,752 men and women aged 18–37). Their use increased in Denmark between 1994 and 2002 from 35% to 50% (reported use in the previous two years). In Germany, between 29% and 47% had used one, and one survey found that 21% had done so in the previous year. In France, 15% of", "title": "Indoor tanning" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.36, "text": "Early to Bed (1933 film) Early to Bed is a 1933 British-German romantic comedy film directed by Ludwig Berger and starring Heather Angel, Fernand Gravey and Edmund Gwenn. The film was made as a co-production between the German giant UFA and Gaumont British. As was common at the time, the film was made as a multiple-language production with three separate versions modelled on the German original \"\"I by Day, You by Night\"\". \"\"Early to Bed\"\" was made at the Babelsberg Studio in Berlin, along with the French and German versions. Robert Stevenson acted as a supervisor. The casting of the", "title": "Early to Bed (1933 film)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.28, "text": "for this reason the bedsteads were for the most part mere frameworks to be covered up; but about the beginning of the 16th century bedsteads were made lighter and more decorative, since the lords remained in the same place for longer periods. In the 17th century, which has been called \"\"the century of magnificent beds\"\", the style \"\"a la duchesse\"\", with tester and curtains only at the head, replaced the more enclosed beds in France, though they lasted much longer in England. Louis XIV had an enormous number of sumptuous beds, as many as 413 being described in the inventories", "title": "Bed" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.19, "text": "Film Festival, on June 4, 2013. It made its DVD premiere in Germany on May 20, 2013 and in France on June 19, 2013. In the United States, a limited screening was scheduled on July 19, 2013. The film has received mixed reviews from critics and currently has a score of 40%. Under the Bed (2012 film) Under the Bed is a 2012 American horror film directed by Steven C. Miller and starring Jonny Weston, Gattlin Griffith, Peter Holden, and Musetta Vander. Neal has been living with his aunt following the death of his mother, and it is implied that", "title": "Under the Bed (2012 film)" } ]

[ "Billy Hill" ]

[ { "hasanswer": true, "score": 28.11, "text": "The Glory of Love (song) \"\"The Glory of Love\"\" is a song written by Billy Hill, recorded by Benny Goodman in 1936, whose version was a number one pop hit. Subsequently, the song has been recorded by a vast number of artists, ranging from Dean Martin to Jimmy Durante to Paul McCartney. Bette Midler included the song in her film \"\"Beaches\"\" (1988) and it appears in the soundtrack recording. In 1951, R&B vocal group, The Five Keys, had their biggest R&B hit with their version of the song, hitting number one on the R&B chart for four non-consecutive weeks. Although", "title": "The Glory of Love (song)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 27.12, "text": "Glory of Love \"\"Glory of Love\"\" is a 1986 song by Peter Cetera written and composed by Cetera, David Foster, and Cetera's then-wife Diane Nini, and recorded by Cetera shortly after he left the band Chicago to pursue a solo career. Featured in the 1986 film \"\"The Karate Kid Part II\"\", it was Cetera's first hit single after he left the band, reaching number one on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, and it was included on his 1986 album, \"\"Solitude/Solitaire\"\", which Michael Omartian produced.<ref name=\"\"Solitude/SolitaireCD\"\"></ref> (Cetera released this album to coincide with the theatrical release of \"\"The Karate Kid Part II\"\".)", "title": "Glory of Love" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 27.02, "text": "new release. Glory of Love \"\"Glory of Love\"\" is a 1986 song by Peter Cetera written and composed by Cetera, David Foster, and Cetera's then-wife Diane Nini, and recorded by Cetera shortly after he left the band Chicago to pursue a solo career. Featured in the 1986 film \"\"The Karate Kid Part II\"\", it was Cetera's first hit single after he left the band, reaching number one on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, and it was included on his 1986 album, \"\"Solitude/Solitaire\"\", which Michael Omartian produced.<ref name=\"\"Solitude/SolitaireCD\"\"></ref> (Cetera released this album to coincide with the theatrical release of \"\"The Karate Kid", "title": "Glory of Love" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 26.8, "text": "The Five Keys recording sold a reported million copies, pressed recordings are very rare. In 1967, Otis Redding recorded a cover version for his 1968 album, \"\"The Dock of the Bay\"\". Redding's cover became a top 20 hit and reached number nineteen on the \"\"Billboard\"\" R&B Songs chart and number sixty on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. The Glory of Love (song) \"\"The Glory of Love\"\" is a song written by Billy Hill, recorded by Benny Goodman in 1936, whose version was a number one pop hit. Subsequently, the song has been recorded by a vast number of artists, ranging from", "title": "The Glory of Love (song)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.95, "text": "number one on \"\"Billboard\"\"'s Hot 100 chart in 1986, \"\"Glory of Love\"\" and \"\"The Next Time I Fall\"\". \"\"Glory of Love\"\", the theme song from the film \"\"The Karate Kid Part II\"\" (1986), was co-written by Cetera, David Foster, and Diane Nini, and was nominated for both an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award for best original song from a motion picture. In 1987, Cetera received an ASCAP award for \"\"Glory of Love\"\" in the category, \"\"Most Performed Songs from Motion Pictures\"\". His performance on \"\"Glory of Love\"\" was nominated for a Grammy Award for best pop male vocal.", "title": "Peter Cetera" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.22, "text": "His first single, \"\"Glory of Love\"\" was used as the theme song for the film \"\"The Karate Kid Part II\"\". Co-written by Cetera, David Foster, and Diane Nini, Cetera has said it was written originally for the film, \"\"Rocky IV\"\". It was a number one hit on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and Adult Contemporary charts in the US in 1986, and achieved similar success throughout the world. It went on to win an ASCAP Award for Cetera for Most Performed Songs from Motion Pictures and a BMI Film & TV Award for David Foster for Most Performed Song from a", "title": "Peter Cetera" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.14, "text": "Original Song, and a Golden Globe in the category of Best Original Song. It was also nominated for a Grammy Award in 1987 for Best Pop Vocal Performance by a Male Artist. It went on to win an ASCAP Award for Most Performed Songs from a Motion Picture and a BMI Film & TV Award for Most Performed Song from a Film. According to Cetera, he originally wrote and composed \"\"Glory of Love\"\" as the end title for the 1985 film \"\"Rocky IV\"\", but it was passed over by United Artists, and instead was used as the theme for \"\"The", "title": "Glory of Love" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.19, "text": "Love and Glory Love and Glory () is a 1983 novel by Robert B. Parker. The story is told in the first person by Boone Adams. It is a coming-of-age and love story. There is explicit and implicit reference to and imitation of \"\"The Great Gatsby\"\". Parker originally intended a combination novel and time capsule. The time capsule sections, inter-chapter devices with baseball box scores, old ad copy, captions from LIFE magazine and popular song lyrics, were ultimately scrapped due to excessive permission fees. Much of the novel takes place at the fictional Taft University, which Parker used later as", "title": "Love and Glory" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 23.94, "text": "Billy Hill (songwriter) Billy Hill (July 14, 1899 – December 24, 1940) was an American songwriter, violinist, and pianist who found fame writing Western songs such as \"\"They Cut Down the Old Pine Tree\"\", \"\"The Last Round-Up\"\", \"\"Wagon Wheels\"\", and \"\"Empty Saddles\"\". Hill's most popular song was \"\"The Glory of Love\"\", recorded by Benny Goodman in 1936, Count Basie in 1937, Peggy Lee in 1959, Dean Martin in 1966, Tom Rush in 1968, Eddy Arnold in 1969, Wizz Jones in 1970, Otis Redding, The Five Keys, Paul McCartney in 2012 and Bette Midler for the film \"\"Beaches\"\". William Joseph Hill", "title": "Billy Hill (songwriter)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.88, "text": "Blaze of Glory (Kenny Rogers song) \"\"Blaze of Glory\"\" is a song written by Danny Morrison, Johnny Slate, and Larry Keith, and recorded by American country music artist Kenny Rogers. It was released in November 1981 as the third single (following I Don't Need You and Share Your Love With Me) from the album \"\"Share Your Love\"\". The song reached number 66 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart in early 1982. The song peaked at number nine on the country chart. Razzy Bailey originally cut the song to be a single, and right up until the last minute, Kenny Rogers'", "title": "Blaze of Glory (Kenny Rogers song)" } ]

[ "Charles Darwin" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 26.64, "text": "Systematics and the Origin of Species Systematics and the Origin of Species from the Viewpoint of a Zoologist is a book written by zoologist and evolutionary biologist Ernst Mayr, first published in 1942 by Columbia University Press. The book became one of the canonical publications on the modern synthesis. Based on Mayr's Jesup Lectures delivered at Columbia University in 1941, the book combines concepts of zoology and genetics, and features Mayr's biological species concept. The biological species concept defines a species in terms of biological factors such as reproduction, taking into account ecology, geography, and life history; it remains an", "title": "Systematics and the Origin of Species" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 26.58, "text": "Genetics and the Origin of Species Genetics and the Origin of Species is a 1937 book by the Ukrainian-American evolutionary biologist Theodosius Dobzhansky. It is regarded as one of the most important works of the modern synthesis, and was one of the earliest. The book popularized the work of population genetics to other biologists, and influenced their appreciation for the genetic basis of evolution. In his book, Dobzhansky applied the theoretical work of Sewall Wright (1889-1988) to the study of natural populations, allowing him to address evolutionary problems in a novel way during his time. Dobzhansky implements theories of mutation,", "title": "Genetics and the Origin of Species" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 26.52, "text": "the 1990 edition of \"\"Great Books of the Western World\"\", placing it with Charles Darwin's two great works \"\"The Origin of Species\"\" and \"\"The Descent of Man\"\". A third edition was published in 1951. Genetics and the Origin of Species Genetics and the Origin of Species is a 1937 book by the Ukrainian-American evolutionary biologist Theodosius Dobzhansky. It is regarded as one of the most important works of the modern synthesis, and was one of the earliest. The book popularized the work of population genetics to other biologists, and influenced their appreciation for the genetic basis of evolution. In his", "title": "Genetics and the Origin of Species" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 26.3, "text": "On the Origin of Species On the Origin of Species (or more completely, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life), published on 24 November 1859, is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. Darwin's book introduced the scientific theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection. It presented a body of evidence that the diversity of life arose by common descent through a branching pattern of evolution. Darwin", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 26.3, "text": "On the Origin of Species On the Origin of Species (or more completely, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life), published on 24 November 1859, is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. Darwin's book introduced the scientific theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection. It presented a body of evidence that the diversity of life arose by common descent through a branching pattern of evolution. Darwin", "title": "On the Origin of Species" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 26.23, "text": "his periodic time, were determined from his disturbing action on Uranus before the planet itself had been seen.\"\" \"\"Connexion\"\" ran to 10 editions, more than 9,000 copies and was its publisher's most successful science book until \"\"The Origin of Species\"\" by Charles Darwin in 1859. It was translated into German and Italian and went through various editions in the United States. Her book \"\"Physical Geography\"\" was published in 1848 and was the first English textbook on the subject. It remained in use as textbook until the early 20th century. At the time of publication it was financially very successful and", "title": "Mary Somerville" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 26.17, "text": "When Darwin's book \"\"The Origin of Species\"\" was published in 1859, his brother Erasmus sent a copy to his old flame Harriet Martineau. At age 58, she was still reviewing from her home in the Lake District. From her \"\"snow landscape\"\", Martineau sent her thanks, adding that she had previously praised the quality & conduct of your brother's mind, but it is an unspeakable satisfaction to see here the full manifestation of its earnestness & simplicity, its sagacity, its industry, & the patient power by which it has collected such a mass of facts, to transmute them by such sagacious", "title": "Harriet Martineau" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 26.12, "text": "published \"\"On the Origin of Species\"\" in 1859, he and Alfred Russel Wallace were regarded by their scientific peers as having originated (independently of each other) the theory of evolution by natural selection; it has been suggested that Darwin and/or Wallace had encountered Matthew's earlier work, but there is no hard evidence of this. After the publication of \"\"On the Origin of Species\"\", Matthew contacted Darwin, who in subsequent editions of the book acknowledged that the principle of natural selection had been anticipated by Matthew's brief statement, mostly contained in the appendices and \"\"addendum\"\" of his 1831 book, \"\"On Naval", "title": "Patrick Matthew" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 26.03, "text": "\"\"On the Origin of Species\"\" would be a ground-breaking book. Darwin published \"\"On the Origin of Species\"\" on November 24, 1859. The first printing was 1,250 copies, with some having been sent to America via ship; one of those was for Gray. Gray's copy arrived just before Christmas, and he read it between Christmas and New Year's. Since there was no international copyright law at the time, Gray worked to protect the book from publishing piracy. According to American law at the time, a copyright could only be secured by an American edition being published by an American citizen, and", "title": "Asa Gray" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.98, "text": "followed the model laid down by the Edinburgh publisher Robert Chambers in his anonymous \"\"Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation\"\" (1844). Although often dismissed as a lightweight forerunner of Charles Darwin's \"\"The Origin of Species\"\", Chambers' book was in reality a programme for the unification of science which aimed to show that Laplace's nebular hypothesis for the origin of the solar system and Lamarck's theory of species transformation were both instances (in Lewes' phrase) of 'one magnificent generalisation of progressive development.' Chambers was associated with Chapman's salon and his work served as the unacknowledged template for the Synthetic Philosophy.", "title": "Herbert Spencer" } ]

[ "Scottish post-punk band Orange Juice", "Orange Juice" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.03, "text": "say solipsistic, view of pop\"\". Alex Ogg of \"\"The Quietus\"\" noted that Reynolds was frank in his musical choices: \"\"Reynolds was honest enough in announcing his solipsism, in so far as \"\"Rip It Up\"\" addresses those elements of post-punk that appeal to him\"\". Rip It Up and Start Again Rip It Up and Start Again: Postpunk 1978–1984 is a book by Simon Reynolds on the post-punk musical genre and era. It was first released in the UK in April 2005 by Faber & Faber. The US edition was published by Penguin Books and released in February 2006 It is a", "title": "Rip It Up and Start Again" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.61, "text": "singer-songwriter Eiichi Ohtaki recorded a song called \"\"陽気に行こうぜ～恋にしびれて\"\"—the Japanese title of \"\"Rip It Up\"\" and Elvis Presley’s \"\"All Shook Up\"\", respectively—which ‘merges’ the two songs into one. It is included in his posthumous album \"\"Debut Again\"\" in 2016. Rip It Up (Little Richard song) \"\"Rip It Up\"\" is a song written by Robert Blackwell and John Marascalco. It was first released by Little Richard in June 1956. Bill Haley and his Comets also released a recording of the song that year. The Little Richard version hit number one on the R&B Best Sellers chart for two weeks and peaked at", "title": "Rip It Up (Little Richard song)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.61, "text": "Rip It Up and Start Again Rip It Up and Start Again: Postpunk 1978–1984 is a book by Simon Reynolds on the post-punk musical genre and era. It was first released in the UK in April 2005 by Faber & Faber. The US edition was published by Penguin Books and released in February 2006 It is a shorter version, with several chapters either removed or condensed, and without the large number of illustrations in the UK edition. Reynolds notes this was for space and cost reasons. Writing for \"\"The Guardian\"\", Nicholas Lezard described the book as \"\"startlingly thoughtful, gracefully illuminating,", "title": "Rip It Up and Start Again" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.38, "text": "the song in the 1956 film \"\"Don't Knock the Rock\"\", in which Little Richard also appeared. The song was also recorded by Elvis Presley, Bill Haley, Chuck Berry, Buddy Holly, Gerry and the Pacemakers, and Gene Vincent. The Everly Brothers recorded their version of this song in 1957 (#57 in Australia, it did not chart in US or UK). English instrumental group The Tornados included the song on their 1964 album \"\"Away from It All\"\". Wanda Jackson included it on her 1964 album \"\"Two Sides Of Wanda\"\" and again on her 2011 album \"\"The Party Ain't Over\"\". During the Get", "title": "Rip It Up (Little Richard song)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.38, "text": "item, and continues to be referred to in other music related books, including \"\"Rip It Up And Start Again\"\" by Simon Reynolds. Resisting the urge to become a full-time music journalist, Pearce has nevertheless published work consistently. He has written sleevenotes for a number of high-profile artists, including Saint Etienne and The Wild Swans (band). He was also asked to write new notes for a reissue of the \"\"Mutant Disco\"\" compilation on ZE Records. The liaison with Saint Etienne evolved into a partnership on their film, Finisterre - A Film About London in 2003. The film, which was directed by", "title": "Kevin Pearce (writer)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.92, "text": "features many sections on both DNA and Dark Day, as well as performance and promotional photographs of Crutchfield from that time period. Robin is also featured in Simon Reynolds post-punk opus Rip It Up and Start Again. As of 2009, Robin has worked with noted independent label Important Records to release his fourth CD of harp/drone folk music entitled The Hidden Folk, which has received rave reviews from both critics and fellow contemporaries such as Kurt Weisman, and Thurston Moore. In late 2009 Crutchfield decided to enter the publishing world with a short book entitled Eleven Faerie Tales. Expanding his", "title": "Robin Crutchfield" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.81, "text": "December 2007. Retrieved 23 May 2008 Adams, Chris. Turquoise Days: The Weird World of Echo & the Bunnymen. NY: Soft Skull Press, 2002. Reynolds, Simon. Rip it Up and Start Again: Postpunk 1978–1984. London: Penguin, 2005. Fletcher, Tony. Never Stop: The Echo & the Bunnymen Story. London: Omnibus Press, 1987. Les Pattinson Leslie Thomas Pattinson (born 18 April 1958 in Ormskirk, Lancashire) is an English musician, best known for his work as the bassist and co-writer of the Liverpool-based band Echo & the Bunnymen, along with vocalist Ian McCulloch and guitarist Will Sergeant. He was raised in Aughton, Lancashire and", "title": "Les Pattinson" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.34, "text": "year Cryptic formed. Simon Reynolds wrote in his book \"\"Rip It Up and Start Again: Postpunk 1978–1984\"\" that \"\"the Residents and their representatives were one and the same,\"\" and elaborated further on one of his blogs, stating that \"\"this was something that anybody who had any direct dealings with Ralph figured out sooner rather than later.\"\" Reynolds quotes Helios Creed, who identifies the Residents as a keyboardist named \"\"H,\"\" a singer named \"\"Homer,\"\" and \"\"this other guy called John.\"\" Peter Principle of Tuxedomoon claimed that he and others \"\"eventually figured out that the guy doing the graphics and the engineer", "title": "The Residents" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.27, "text": "decade of dance music following the appearance of the first edition. In 2009, a companion volume to \"\"Rip It Up and Start Again\"\" was published, \"\"Totally Wired: Postpunk Interviews and Overviews\"\", containing interview transcripts and new essays. In 2011, Reynolds published \"\"Retromania: Pop Culture's Addiction to Its Own Past\"\", a critical investigation into what he perceives as the current situation of chronic retrogression in pop music, with a focus on the effects of the internet and digital culture on music consumption and musical creativity. In 2013, a second expanded update of \"\"Energy Flash\"\" was published, with new material on the", "title": "Simon Reynolds" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.23, "text": "Rip It Up (Little Richard song) \"\"Rip It Up\"\" is a song written by Robert Blackwell and John Marascalco. It was first released by Little Richard in June 1956. Bill Haley and his Comets also released a recording of the song that year. The Little Richard version hit number one on the R&B Best Sellers chart for two weeks and peaked at number 17 on the pop chart. The Bill Haley and the Comets recording reached number 25 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" pop singles chart and number four in the UK. Bill Haley and the Comets also performed their version of", "title": "Rip It Up (Little Richard song)" } ]

[ "Pyeongchang County, South Korea", "Pyeongchang, South Korea", "9 to 25 February 2018", "9 February" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.91, "text": "2022 Winter Olympics The 2022 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXIV Olympic Winter Games (; ), and commonly known as Beijing 2022, is an international winter multi-sport event that is scheduled to take place from 4 to 20 February 2022, in Beijing and towns in the neighbouring Hebei province, People's Republic of China. Beijing was elected as the host city in July 2015 at the 128th IOC Session in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. These Games will be the first Winter Olympics ever to be held in China, and the last of three consecutive Olympics to be held in East Asia,", "title": "2022 Winter Olympics" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.81, "text": "2026 Winter Olympics The 2026 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXV Olympic Winter Games, is an international multi-sport event to be organised in a city designated by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). The host city was originally supposed to be selected at the 134th IOC Session on 11 September 2019 in Milan, Italy. However, after Italy submitted a bid for the games that included Milan, IOC rules required that the election be moved. Therefore, the election will be held in Lausanne, Switzerland, home of the IOC headquarters, on 23 June 2019. The IOC Executive Board met in Lausanne to", "title": "2026 Winter Olympics" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.73, "text": "Winter Olympic Games The Winter Olympic Games () is a major international sporting event held once every four years for sports practised on snow and ice. The first Winter Olympics, the 1924 Winter Olympics, were held in Chamonix, France. The modern Olympic games were inspired by the ancient Olympic Games, which were held in Olympia, Greece, from the 8th century BC to the 4th century AD. Baron Pierre de Coubertin founded the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1894, leading to the first modern Summer Games in Athens, Greece in 1896. The IOC is the governing body of the Olympic Movement,", "title": "Winter Olympic Games" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.56, "text": "2018 Winter Olympics The 2018 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXIII Olympic Winter Games () and commonly known as PyeongChang 2018, was an international winter multi-sport event that was held between 9 and 25 February 2018 in Pyeongchang County, Gangwon Province, South Korea, with the opening rounds for certain events held on 8 February 2018, the eve of the opening ceremony. Pyeongchang was elected as the host city in July 2011, during the 123rd IOC Session in Durban, South Africa. This was the first time that South Korea had hosted the Winter Olympics and the second Olympics held in", "title": "2018 Winter Olympics" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.39, "text": "1932 Winter Olympics The 1932 Winter Olympics, officially known as the III Olympic Winter Games, were a winter multi-sport event in the United States, held in Lake Placid, New York. The games opened on February 4 and closed on February 15. It was the first of four Winter Olympics held in the United States; Lake Placid hosted again in 1980. The games were awarded to Lake Placid in part by the efforts of Godfrey Dewey, head of the Lake Placid Club and son of Melvil Dewey, inventor of the Dewey Decimal System. California also had a bid for the 1932", "title": "1932 Winter Olympics" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.34, "text": "1972 Winter Olympics The 1972 Winter Olympics, officially known as the (French: Les \"\"XIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver\"\"), were a winter multi-sport event which was held from February 3 to February 13, 1972, in Sapporo, Hokkaidō, Japan. It was the first Winter Olympics to be held outside Europe and North America, and only the third game (summer or winter) held outside those regions overall, after Melbourne (1956 Summer Olympics) and Tokyo (1964 Summer Olympics). Sapporo first won the rights to host the 1940 Winter Olympics, but Japan resigned as the Games' host after its 1937 invasion of China. The 1940 Games", "title": "1972 Winter Olympics" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.33, "text": "2010 Winter Olympics The 2010 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXI Olympic Winter Games () and commonly known as Vancouver 2010, informally the 21st Winter Olympics, was an international winter multi-sport event that was held from 12 to 28 February 2010 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, with some events held in the surrounding suburbs of Richmond, West Vancouver and the University Endowment Lands, and in the nearby resort town of Whistler. Approximately 2,600 athletes from 82 nations participated in 86 events in fifteen disciplines. Both the Olympic and Paralympic Games were organized by the Vancouver Organizing Committee (VANOC), headed", "title": "2010 Winter Olympics" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.3, "text": "to host the 2022 Winter Olympics, and the host of the 2026 Winter Olympics will be selected on June 23rd, 2019. , no city in the southern hemisphere has applied to host the cold-weather-dependent Winter Olympics, which are held in February at the height of the southern hemisphere summer. To date, twelve countries have participated in every Winter Olympic Games – Austria, Canada, Finland, France, Great Britain, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland and the United States. Six of those countries have earned medals at every Winter Olympic Games – Austria, Canada, Finland, Norway, Sweden and the United States. The", "title": "Winter Olympic Games" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.27, "text": "1924 Winter Olympics The 1924 Winter Olympics, officially known as the I Olympic Winter Games (), were a winter multi-sport event which was held in 1924 in Chamonix, France. Originally held in association with the 1924 Summer Olympics, the sports competitions were held at the foot of Mont Blanc in Chamonix, and Haute-Savoie, France between January 25 and February 5, 1924. The Games were organized by the French Olympic Committee, and were in retrospect designated by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) as the I Olympic Winter Games. The tradition of holding the Winter Olympics in the same year as the", "title": "1924 Winter Olympics" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.25, "text": "2010 Winter Olympics opening ceremony The Opening Ceremony of the 2010 Winter Olympics was held on February 12, 2010 beginning at 6:00 pm PST (02:00 UTC, February 13) at BC Place Stadium in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. This was the first Olympic opening ceremony to be held indoors. It was directed by David Atkins. The event was officially opened by Governor General Michaëlle Jean, representative of Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada. The opening ceremony was dedicated by the Vancouver Organizing Committee (VANOC) to Nodar Kumaritashvili, a Georgian luger who died earlier in the day in a training run. An audience", "title": "2010 Winter Olympics opening ceremony" } ]

[ "2018" ]

[ { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.67, "text": "Miz & Mrs. Miz & Mrs. is an American reality television series that premiered on July 24, 2018 on the USA Network. The series, a spin-off of \"\"Total Divas\"\", follows the lives of The Miz and Maryse in and out of the wrestling ring. The show is set to include six 30-minute episodes, which will follow the couple leading up to the birth of their first child. The Miz and Maryse also serve as executive producers of the show. On January 8, 2018, WWE announced that The Miz and Maryse would be getting their own spinoff show, set to premiere", "title": "Miz & Mrs." }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.38, "text": "in 2018 on the USA Network, titled \"\"Miz & Mrs.\"\", that will be following the personal lives of the couple. On March 27, 2018, Maryse gave birth to their daughter, Monroe Sky Mizainin On May 22, 2018, it was announced that the series would premiere on July 24, 2018. On August 14, 2018, it was announced that USA Network had renewed the show for a 14-episode second season. Miz & Mrs. Miz & Mrs. is an American reality television series that premiered on July 24, 2018 on the USA Network. The series, a spin-off of \"\"Total Divas\"\", follows the lives", "title": "Miz & Mrs." }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 24.91, "text": "the twins. On January 8, 2018, it was announced that Maryse and her husband The Miz would be getting their own reality television series titled \"\"Miz & Mrs.\"\" The show premiered on July 24, 2018 on the USA Network. In the mid 1980s, an animated version of the Fabulous Moolah and Wendi Richter was included on a CBS Saturday morning cartoon during this lucrative time, titled \"\"Hulk Hogan's Rock 'n' Wrestling\"\". In addition, both appeared in two of Cyndi Lauper's music videos, \"\"The Goonies 'R' Good Enough\"\" and \"\"She Bop\"\". From 1999 to 2000, Sable appeared as a guest star", "title": "Women in WWE" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 24.73, "text": "and that Paige wouldn't be returning for the upcoming season. On September 20, 2017, E! revealed that the seventh season will premiere on November 1, 2017. On January 8, 2018, WWE announced that The Miz and Maryse would be getting their own spinoff show, set to premiere in 2018 on the USA Network, titled \"\"Miz & Mrs.\"\", that will be following the personal lives of the couple. On April 4, 2018, speculations arose about the upcoming eighth season of \"\"Total Divas\"\", as reports stated that E! cameras had been filming a handful of WWE female superstars in New Orleans during", "title": "Total Divas" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 22.53, "text": "focus role. The show aired on the USA Network on July 24, 2018, and has been renewed for a second season. She also serves as executive producer, along with her husband The Miz. Ouellet was born in Montreal, Quebec, but grew up in Edmundston, New Brunswick. In high school, Ouellet was the only girl in her class, and ran the school's fashion show. She also began developing a range of makeup products. Ouellet began her modelling career as a beauty pageant contestant, winning Miss Hawaiian Tropic Canada 2003 and finishing second at the International Finals of Miss Hawaiian Tropic 2004.", "title": "Maryse Ouellet" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 22.53, "text": "release from the company in October 2011. In April 2016, she returned to the company and became the manager of her husband The Miz, managing him to three Intercontinental Championship reigns. In late-2011, she announced plans for a clothing and jewellery line called House of Maryse, and later began working as a realtor. In November 2016, she joined the cast of the reality show Total Divas, and appeared in the show's sixth and seventh seasons, which initially aired on the E! Network. On January 8, 2018, WWE announced a spin-off show titled Miz & Mrs., which stars Ouellet in a", "title": "Maryse Ouellet" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 22.25, "text": "WWE Intercontinental Championship for the seventh time by defeating Ambrose. In September, following her pregnancy announcement, Maryse stopped appearing on television. On November 19, 2017, she made an appearance on the Survivor Series pay-per-view crowd watching Miz fight United States Champion Baron Corbin. On January 22, 2018, in the \"\"Raw\"\" 25 Years special episode, Maryse was honored as part of a segment involving women considered legends that contributed to the company's success, including the Bella Twins, Kelly Kelly, Lilian Garcia, Torrie Wilson, Michelle McCool, Terri Runnels, Maria Kanellis and the Hall of Famers Jacqueline and Trish Stratus. Later she started", "title": "Maryse Ouellet" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.14, "text": "Ambrose within the present. On the June 19 episode of \"\"Raw\"\", Maryse was the special guest on \"\"Miz TV\"\" where Miz apologized for the previous events, but came to use her as a shield to protect himself from Ambrose, causing Maryse to pour champagne on herself and then destroying the grandfather clock that he had restored, which led to Maryse abandoning him again. Afterwards, Bo Dallas and Curtis Axel, who Miz had approached earlier in the evening offering to make them \"\"the stars [they] deserve to be\"\" if they became his \"\"entourage\"\", revealed themselves to have hidden in bear costumes", "title": "The Miz" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.98, "text": "her return to WWE. In June 2017, Maryse along with Miz were cover of the \"\"DUB Magazine\"\" with a Jeep car. Maryse has appeared in five WWE video games. She made her in-game debut at \"\"WWE Smackdown vs. Raw 2010\"\", later appearing in \"\"WWE Smackdown vs. Raw 2011\"\", \"\"WWE '12\"\", and returned in \"\"WWE 2K18\"\", \"\"WWE 2K19\"\". In 2018, Maryse and her husband Mike appeared in a reality television series titled \"\"Miz & Mrs.\"\" It was later announced on July 26 that Maryse would not be returning for the eighth season of Total Divas. Following her release from WWE in", "title": "Maryse Ouellet" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.78, "text": "championship against Kane after she faked an ankle injury. After being drafted to \"\"Smackdown\"\" as part of the 2016 WWE draft which took place on July 19, Ouellet made her first appearance for the brand on July 26, where she co-hosted a \"\"Miz TV\"\" segment along her husband before being interrupted by Randy Orton, who challenged Miz to a non-title match, in which he was subsequently defeated. At Backlash, Maryse successfully helped Miz to retain the Intercontinental Championship by spraying something at Dolph Ziggler’s eye, whilst Miz distracted the referee. The following week, \"\"SmackDown\"\" General Manager Daniel Bryan announced a", "title": "Maryse Ouellet" } ]

[ "Orangeville, Ontario, Canada", "Sudbury, Parry Sound" ]

[ { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.52, "text": "one day but return later to film earlier scenes as necessary. As an example of this, Martin cited Mark Ghanimé's first day on set, when his character, Justin Faysal, was laid out in a casket for a scene early in \"\"Slasher\"\"s third episode (Justin's death, which took place in Episode 2, would be filmed later on). On May 1, 2017, \"\"Slasher\"\" began filming a second season in Orangeville, Ontario, Canada. Shaftesbury Films confirmed that the series will not be returning to Super Channel or Chiller for a second season. However, Netflix acquired the rights to the second season. The second", "title": "Slasher (TV series)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.19, "text": "Sudbury, Parry Sound, and Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. On May 1, 2017, \"\"Slasher\"\" began filming a second season in Orangeville, Ontario, Canada. The licensing rights for the second season were acquired by Netflix. The season was released as a \"\"Netflix Original\"\" title in various countries on October 17, 2017. The second season titled \"\"Slasher: Guilty Party\"\" is centered on a group of former summer camp counselors who return to an isolated campground in order to bury their sins of the past, before being targeted, one by one, by an unknown killer. The series has been renewed for a third season.", "title": "Slasher (TV series)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.64, "text": "Slasher (TV series) Slasher is a Canadian television horror anthology series created by Aaron Martin. The first season, retroactively subtitled \"\"The Executioner\"\", was produced in association with the Canadian network Super Channel, \"\"Slasher\"\" was the first (and only) original series by the now-defunct U.S. TV channel Chiller, which premiered the series on Friday, March 4, 2016, at 9:00pm EST. Super Channel aired the show's Canadian premiere on April 1, 2016. The series' first season, which centered on a mysterious figure billed as \"\"The Executioner\"\" who terrorizes the fictional town of Waterbury, Canada, was filmed between July and October 2015 in", "title": "Slasher (TV series)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.16, "text": "would discover and option it to prospective broadcasters. The script would land at Canadian premium network Super Channel, who, their interest piqued in part by \"\"Slasher\"\"s fixed-end format, would order it as a series. The now-defunct American network Chiller, which specializes in the horror/thriller genre, would join in production sometime after Super Channel; \"\"Slasher\"\" would be Chiller's first (and only) foray into original scripted series content. Production on \"\"Slasher\"\"s 8-episode first season was announced on July 28, 2015, with filming taking place between then and October 2015. Three Northern Ontario municipalities — the cities of Sudbury and Sault Ste. Marie", "title": "Slasher (TV series)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.59, "text": "and the town of Parry Sound — would stand in for the show's fictitious location, the town of Waterbury. A first trailer for the series would be released on November 26, 2015. Unlike most TV series that film their episodes in order, \"\"Slasher\"\", under the direction of Craig David Wallace, was shot as if it were a \"\"super-sized\"\" movie: Scenes from multiple episodes were shot at the same time, with the availability of locations and cast being factored in. The out-of-order schedule allowed the actors to know of their characters' fates, especially those who had to film their death scenes", "title": "Slasher (TV series)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.5, "text": "returned to helm the final installment (\"\"Is That You?\"\"). The entire anthology was filmed in Northern Utah with a small crew running all aspects of the production. The series was scored by composer Randin Graves, with David Monastiere (Slasher Dave) composing the intro, and co-composing Episode #4: \"\"They Live Inside Us\"\". Ballif and Morris decided to end the anthology after the fifth episode in order to focus on the production of their first feature film, however, an official second season is said to be in early-stage development. \"\"The Witching Season\"\" was originally released as a YouTube web-series starting in 2015", "title": "The Witching Season" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.23, "text": "killer — are featured, explored, and eliminated from consideration, one by one (either through death or the natural deductive process), until the \"\"all too human\"\" killer and his/her motivations are revealed. \"\"Slasher\"\"s 8-episode first season centers around Sarah Bennett who, with husband Dylan, moves back to the town of her birth, Waterbury (a fictional town in Canada), and into her parents' former home. It was in that house on Halloween Night 1988 where both of her parents, Bryan and Rachel, were murdered. Rachel was pregnant with Sarah at the time of her murder, with police discovering the killer holding Rachel's", "title": "Slasher (TV series)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.8, "text": "filmed in Boston and Madrid by an Italian-American producer with a Spanish director. Italian \"\"gialli\"\" saw slasher film influences in their releases for Sergio Martino's \"\"The Scorpion with Two Tails\"\", Lucio Fulci's \"\"The New York Ripper\"\" and Dario Argento's \"\"Tenebrae\"\". Traditional slasher films saw less frequent output. \"\"The House on Sorority Row\"\" followed the same general plot as \"\"Prom Night\"\" (1980) with guilty teens stalked and punished for a terrible secret. \"\"The Final Terror\"\" borrows visual and thematic elements from \"\"Just Before Dawn\"\" (1981), as \"\"Sweet Sixteen\"\" borrows from \"\"Happy Birthday to Me\"\" (1981). 1983's most successful slasher was \"\"Psycho", "title": "Slasher film" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.52, "text": "Sam reveals to be another brother of Rachel. He shoots the professor. It was shot in the United States in summer 2002 in Hawaii and on Hawaii Kai in Honolulu in O'ahu. The slasher film videorecording was produced Royal Oaks Entertainment and directed by Fred Olen Ray (credited as Ed Raymond), as producers worked Hugh Jorgan, James Valdez. The film based on a screenplay from the writers Sean O'Bannon and Kimberly A. Ray. Fred Olen Ray says there were two versions, one adult, and one for the family market. Andrew Stevens played a role in the family version, in order", "title": "Final Examination (film)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.45, "text": "Scream (TV series) Scream is an American anthology slasher television series developed by Jill Blotevogel, Dan Dworkin and Jay Beattie for MTV and is based on the slasher film series of the same name created by Kevin Williamson and Wes Craven. The series is produced by Dimension Television and MTV Production Development, and was formerly filmed in Louisiana, in locations such as Baton Rouge and New Orleans as well as Chalmette High School. Blotevogel and Jaime Paglia originally served as showrunners during the first season before being replaced by Michael Gans and Richard Register in the second season, because of", "title": "Scream (TV series)" } ]

[ "Philosopher George Berkeley", "Charles Riborg Mann", "George Ransom Twiss" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.62, "text": "senses through the mechanism of the ear, and recognized as sound only at our nerve centers. The falling of the tree or any other disturbance will produce vibration of the air. If there be no ears to hear, there will be no sound.\"\" Albert Einstein is reported to have asked his fellow physicist and friend Niels Bohr, one of the founding fathers of quantum mechanics, whether he realistically believed that 'the moon does not exist if nobody is looking at it.' To this Bohr replied that however hard he (Einstein) may try, he would not be able to prove that", "title": "If a tree falls in a forest" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 22.89, "text": "it does, thus giving the entire riddle the status of a kind of an infallible conjecture—one that cannot be either proved or disproved. The current phrasing appears to have originated in the 1910 book \"\"Physics\"\" by Charles Riborg Mann and George Ransom Twiss. The question \"\"When a tree falls in a lonely forest, and no animal is near by to hear it, does it make a sound? Why?\"\" is posed along with many other questions to quiz readers on the contents of the chapter, and as such, is posed from a purely physical point of view. Can something exist without", "title": "If a tree falls in a forest" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 22.8, "text": "If a tree falls in a forest \"\"If a tree falls in a forest and no one is around to hear it, does it make a sound?\"\" is a philosophical thought experiment that raises questions regarding observation and perception. Philosopher George Berkeley, in his work, \"\"A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge\"\" (1710), proposes, \"\"But, say you, surely there is nothing easier than for me to imagine trees, for instance, in a park [...] and nobody by to perceive them. [...] The objects of sense exist only when they are perceived; the trees therefore are in the garden [...]", "title": "If a tree falls in a forest" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.2, "text": "being perceived? – e.g. \"\"\"\"is sound only sound if a person hears it?\"\"\"\" The most immediate philosophical topic that the riddle introduces involves the existence of the tree (and the sound it produces) outside of human perception. If no one is around to see, hear, touch or smell the tree, how could it be said to exist? What is it to say that it exists when such an existence is unknown? Of course, from a scientific viewpoint, it exists. It is human beings that are able to perceive it. George Berkeley in the 18th century developed subjective idealism, a metaphysical", "title": "If a tree falls in a forest" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.86, "text": "of deforestation. Washington-state-based wilderness conservatory Northwest Trek used a shortened form of the quote in its mid-1970s television advertisement, as such: \"\"There is no sound unless someone is there to see it or hear it. Experience it at Northwest Trek.\"\" The quote also forms the bridge of the protagonist's solo number \"\"Waving Through A Window\"\" in the musical \"\"Dear Evan Hansen\"\", in line with the tree motif essential to the plot. The song itself discusses a feeling of isolation through fear of failing in social interactions, as a part of the main character's social anxiety disorder. If a tree falls", "title": "If a tree falls in a forest" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.83, "text": "theory to respond to these questions, coined famously as \"\"to be is to be perceived\"\". Today meta-physicists are split. According to substance theory, a substance is distinct from its properties, while according to bundle theory, an object is merely its sense data. The definition of sound, simplified, is a hearable noise. The tree will make a sound, even if nobody heard it, because it could have been heard. The answer to this question depends on the definition of sound. Since sound does not exist without our hearing of it, sound does not exist if we do not hear it. However,", "title": "If a tree falls in a forest" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.44, "text": "no longer than while there is somebody by to perceive them.\"\" (It is worth noting that the quote from section 45 is arguably a statement of an \"\"objection\"\" to Berkeley's view, and not a proclamation of it.) Nevertheless, Berkeley never actually wrote about the question. Some years later, a similar question is posed. It is unknown whether the source of this question is Berkeley or not. In June 1883 in the magazine \"\"The Chautauquan\"\", the question was put, \"\"If a tree were to fall on an island where there were no human beings would there be any sound?\"\" They then", "title": "If a tree falls in a forest" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.73, "text": "utilizes media to expose reality as well as blur the lines between reality and myth. Several of Cattelan's works play off of the modern day spectacle culture. \"\"If a Tree Falls in the Forest and There is No One Around It, Does It Make a Sound\"\" (1998) is a piece that exemplifies this idea. The work consists of a taxidermied donkey with its head bowed low, carrying a television on its back. It is meant to conjure up the image of Christ riding into Jerusalem on a donkey, for Palm Sunday. The television taking Christ's seat on the Donkey serves", "title": "Maurizio Cattelan" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.67, "text": "the present (or ongoing) wider physical universe. It may then be recognized that the unobserved event was absolutely identical to an event which did not occur at all. Of course, the fact that the tree is known to have changed state from 'upright' to 'fallen' implies that the event must be observed to ask the question at all – even if only by the supposed deaf onlooker. The British philosopher of science Roy Bhaskar, credited with developing critical realism has argued, in apparent reference to this riddle, that: If men ceased to exist sound would continue to travel and heavy", "title": "If a tree falls in a forest" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.31, "text": "of perception (as common sense would dictate), then it will produce sound waves. However, these sound waves will not actually \"\"sound\"\" like anything. Sound as it is mechanically understood will occur, but sound as it is understood by sensation will not occur. So then, how is it known that 'sound as it is mechanically understood' will occur if that sound is not perceived? Canadian songwriter, social activist and environmentalist Bruce Cockburn poses the question in the chorus of his 1989 song \"\"If a Tree Falls\"\" and frames it with his lyrics as a pressing question regarding the cause and effect", "title": "If a tree falls in a forest" } ]

[ "Uralic languages" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.72, "text": "impetus from the fact that these languages, unlike most of the other languages spoken in Europe, are not part of what is now known as the Indo-European family. In 1717, Swedish professor Olof Rudbeck proposed about 100 etymologies connecting Finnish and Hungarian, of which about 40 are still considered valid. Several early reports comparing Finnish or Hungarian with Mordvin, Mari or Khanty were additionally collected by Leibniz and edited by his assistant Johann Georg von Eckhart. In 1730, Philip Johan von Strahlenberg published his book (\"\"The North and East Parts of Europe and Asia\"\"), surveying the geography, peoples and languages", "title": "Uralic languages" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.69, "text": "Pelasgian, Greek, Chinese, Sanskrit, English, Tibetan, Magar, Quechua, Armenian, Japanese, and at least 40 other languages. Today the consensus among linguists is that Hungarian is a member of the Uralic family of languages. In the nineteenth century, however, it was a matter of dispute whether Hungarian was a Finno-Ugric/Uralic language or more closely related to the Turkic languages (a controversy known as the \"\"Ugric–Turkish war\"\")—or whether indeed both the Uralic and the Turkic families formed part of a superfamily of Ural–Altaic languages. Hungarians did in fact absorb some Turkic influences during several centuries of cohabitation. For example, the Hungarians appear", "title": "Hungarian language" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.61, "text": "language family. Hungarian is a member of the Uralic language family. Linguistic connections between Hungarian and other Uralic languages were noticed in the 1670s, and the family itself (then called Finno-Ugric) was established in 1717, but the classification of Hungarian as a Uralic/Finno-Ugric rather than Turkic language continued to be a matter of impassioned political controversy throughout the 18th and into the 19th centuries. Hungarian has traditionally been assigned to an Ugric branch within Uralic/Finno-Ugric, along with the Mansi and Khanty languages of western Siberia (Khanty–Mansia region), but it is no longer clear that it is a valid group. When", "title": "Hungarian language" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.48, "text": "It modifies and inflects nouns, adjectives, pronouns, numerals and verbs, depending on their roles in the sentence. Finnish is a member of the Finnic group of the Uralic family of languages. The Finnic group also includes Estonian and a few minority languages spoken around the Baltic Sea. Finnish demonstrates an affiliation with other Uralic languages (such as Hungarian) in several respects including: Several theories exist as to the geographic origin of Finnish and the other Uralic languages. The most widely held view is that they originated as a Proto-Uralic language somewhere in the boreal forest belt around the Ural Mountains", "title": "Finnish language" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.45, "text": "languages are a subgroup of the larger Uralic family of languages, which also includes Hungarian. These languages are markedly different from most other languages spoken in Europe, which belong to the Indo-European family of languages. Native Finns can also be divided according to dialect into subgroups sometimes called \"\"heimo\"\" (lit. \"\"tribe\"\"), although such divisions have become less important due to internal migration. Today, there are approximately 6–7 million ethnic Finns and their descendants worldwide, with majority of them living in their native Finland and the surrounding countries, namely Sweden, Russia and Norway. Overseas Finnish diaspora has long been established in", "title": "Finns" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.44, "text": "the Uralic language family, unrelated to any neighboring language and distantly related to Finnish and Estonian. It is the largest of the Uralic languages in terms of the number of speakers and the only one spoken in Central Europe. There are sizable populations of Hungarian speakers in Romania, the Czech and Slovak Republics, the former Yugoslavia, Ukraine, Israel, and the U.S. Smaller groups of Hungarian speakers live in Canada, Slovenia, and Austria, but also in Australia, Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Venezuela and Chile. Standard Hungarian is based on the variety spoken in the capital of Budapest, although use of the standard", "title": "Hungary" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.38, "text": "Europe; notable exceptions include Hungarian, Turkish, Finnish, Estonian, Basque, Maltese, and Sami. The Indo-European family is also represented in Asia with the exception of East and Southeast Asia. It was predominant in ancient Anatolia (present-day Turkey), the ancient Tarim Basin (present-day Northwest China) and most of Central Asia until the medieval Turkic and Mongol invasions. Outside Eurasia, Indo-European languages are dominant in the Americas and much of Oceania and Africa, having reached there during the Age of Discovery. Indo-European languages are also most commonly present as minority languages or second languages in countries where other families are dominant. With written", "title": "Indo-European languages" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.23, "text": "of faction, both alternative theories debate the direction of linguistic \"\"borrowing,\"\" and the model of language evolution. According to alternative theories, the Ugric language family (or the Finno-Ugric or Uralic-Altaic) received common word sets with the help of a traffic language, and the base of this traffic language would have been Hungarian. The alternative theories claim that the important language characteristics the Finno-Ugric theory relies upon only developed much later. The diminutives in are one of several such cases. The Uralic and Finnish languages have simple diminutives (-csa/i and -ka/e/i), but both variants can be found in the Hungarian language.", "title": "Alternative theories of the Hungarian language relations" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.23, "text": "the territories recently brought under their control, as well as the peoples living on these and on nearby lands.\"\" Kevin Tuite: \"\"The rise and fall and revival of the Ibero-Caucasian hypothesis.\"\" 2008. in: Historiographia Linguistica, 35 #1; p. 23-82. Leibniz recognized that the Semitic languages such as Hebrew and Arabic, and some European languages like Sami, Finnish, and Hungarian did not belong to the same language family as most of the languages of Europe. He recognized the connection between the Finnish languages and Hungarian. He placed the original homeland of the Hungarians to the Volga-Caspian Sea region. These theories had", "title": "Hungarian Turanism" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.88, "text": "→ Hungarian \"\"szem\"\", Mansi сам , Khanty сем ). A peculiar exception is the numeral '3', in which Hungarian (\"\"három\"\") and Mansi (хурэм ) point to an original cluster *rm, whereas the rest of the Uralic family suggests original *lm (Khanty холәм, Finnish \"\"kolme\"\", Estonian \"\"kolm\"\", Inari Sami \"\"kulma\"\", Erzya колмо, etc.) This has frequently been listed as an argument for considering Hungarian more closely related to Mansi than Khanty. The reverse has also been suggested—Hungarian and Mansi retaining the original form of the numeral, whereas Khanty and all the Finno-Permic languages would have innovated /l/ for some reason. Hungarian", "title": "Ugric languages" } ]

[ "to collect menstrual flow", "collect menstrual flow" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.77, "text": "Menstrual cup A menstrual cup is a feminine hygiene product that is inserted into the vagina during menstruation. Its purpose is to prevent menstrual fluid (blood from uterine lining) from leaking onto clothes. Menstrual cups are usually made of flexible medical grade silicone and shaped like a bell with a stem. The stem is used for insertion and removal. The bell-shaped cup seals against the vaginal wall just below the cervix. Every 4–12 hours (depending on the amount of flow), the cup is removed, emptied, rinsed, and reinserted. After each period, the cup should be boiled for at least 5", "title": "Menstrual cup" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.3, "text": "a lower prevalence of sexually transmitted infections than control groups. Also, the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was lower among cup users compared with sanitary pad users or those continuing other usual practice. After six months, menstrual cup users were free from embarrassing leakage or odor, and could engage in class activities and sport without humiliation or being teased. When using a urine-diverting dry toilet, menstrual blood can be emptied into the part that receives the feces. If any menstrual blood falls into the funnel for urine, it can be rinsed away with water. Menstrual cups are safe when used as", "title": "Menstrual cup" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.2, "text": "medical-grade polymer blend. It is placed at the base of the cervix in the vaginal fornix, and covers the cervix, like a diaphragm. Because of its placement, it can be worn during sexual intercourse, but it is not a contraceptive nor does it protect against sexually transmitted infections. Disposable cups are designed to fit most women, but may not be suitable for teenagers as the diameter of the rim may be uncomfortable. The disposable cup is pinched in half and inserted into the vaginal canal. Once inserted, a finger is used to push it back and down toward the cervix.", "title": "Menstrual cup" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.08, "text": "known in around 2010. It may be difficult for companies to make profit from this product as one single menstrual cup can last a girl or woman five years or longer. Most women hear of menstrual cups through the internet or word of mouth, rather than through conventional advertizing on TV for example. As of 2018, menstrual cups are mentioned more and more often alongside tampons and pads in publications about menstrual hygiene management. Menstrual cups can be useful as a means of menstrual hygiene management for women in developing countries, such as Kenya, Uganda and India, where access to", "title": "Menstrual cup" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.05, "text": "piles, since menstrual fluid is a valuable fertilizer for plants and any pathogens of sexually transmitted diseases will quickly be destroyed by soil microbes. The water used to rinse the cups can be disposed of in the same way. This reduces the amount of wastewater that needs to be treated. In developing countries, solid waste management is often lacking. Here, menstrual cups have an advantage over disposable pads or tampons as they do not contribute to the solid waste issues in the communities or generate embarrassing refuse that others may see. Menstrual cup A menstrual cup is a feminine hygiene", "title": "Menstrual cup" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.98, "text": "cup brands sell a smaller and a larger size. Menstrual cups are sold colorless and translucent, but several brands also offer colored cups, such as pink or purple. The use of menstrual cups is considered a safe option relative to other forms of menstrual hygiene. The menstrual cup is first folded or pinched and then inserted into the vagina. It will normally unfold automatically and create a light seal against the vaginal walls. In some cases, the user may need to twist the cup or flex the vaginal muscles to ensure the cup is fully open. The cup should sit", "title": "Menstrual cup" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.86, "text": "minutes and stored for use the next month. Unlike tampons and pads, cups collect menstrual fluid rather than absorbing it. One cup is reusable for up to five years or more. This makes their long-term cost lower than that of disposable tampons or pads, though the initial cost is higher. Menstrual cups are also promoted as more practical and eco-friendly than pads and tampons. Given that the menstrual cup is reusable, its use greatly decreases the amount of waste generated from menstrual cycles, as there is no daily waste and the amount of discarded packaging decreases as well. Most menstrual", "title": "Menstrual cup" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.78, "text": "capable of growing on menstrual cups. However, there have only been two confirmed cases of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) associated with the use of the menstrual cups. The first case was a woman who had a history of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and chronic menorrhagia. In the second case, the menstrual cup had been left in for 7 days. Menstrual cups are generally bell-shaped, with a few exceptions. Most brands use medical grade silicone as the material for the menstrual cup, although latex and thermoplastic elastomer are also options. Menstrual cups made from silicone are generally designed to last for 1–5 years.", "title": "Menstrual cup" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.45, "text": "girls provided with menstrual cups compared to those using sanitary pads, or continuing their usual practice in rural western Kenya. Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a potentially fatal bacterial illness. Scientists have recognized an association between TSS and tampon use, although the exact connection remains unclear. TSS caused by menstrual cup use appears to be very rare to virtually nonexistent. The probable reason for this is that menstrual cups are not absorbent, do not irritate the vaginal mucosal tissue, and so do not change the vaginal flora in any measurable amount. Conversely, vaginal dryness and abrasions may occur if the", "title": "Menstrual cup" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.44, "text": "affordable sanitary products may be limited. A lack of affordable hygiene products means inadequate, unhygienic alternatives are often used, which can present a serious health risk. Menstrual cups offer a long-term solution compared to some other feminine hygiene products because they do not need to be replaced monthly. Feminine hygiene products that need to be inserted into the vagina can be unacceptable for cultural reasons. There are myths that they interfere with female reproductive organs and that females lose their virginity. Use of a menstrual cup could stretch or break the hymen. Since some cultures value preservation of the hymen", "title": "Menstrual cup" } ]

[ "callable", "callable bonds" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.22, "text": "does well. Companies also reserve the right to call their bonds, which mean they can call it sooner than the maturity date. Often there is a clause in the contract that allows this; for example, if a bond issuer wishes to rebuy a 30-year bond at the 25th year, they must pay a premium. If a bond is called, it means that less interest is paid out. Failure to pay a bond effectively means bankruptcy. Bondholders who have not received their interest can throw an offending company into bankruptcy, or seize its assets if that is stipulated in the contract.", "title": "Debenture" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.16, "text": "Callable bond A callable bond (also called redeemable bond) is a type of bond (debt security) that allows the issuer of the bond to retain the privilege of redeeming the bond at some point before the bond reaches its date of maturity. In other words, on the call date(s), the issuer has the right, but not the obligation, to buy back the bonds from the bond holders at a defined call price. Technically speaking, the bonds are not really bought and held by the issuer but are instead cancelled immediately. The call price will usually exceed the par or issue", "title": "Callable bond" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.12, "text": "the amount on which the issuer pays interest, and which, most commonly, has to be repaid at the end of the term. Some structured bonds can have a redemption amount which is different from the face amount and can be linked to the performance of particular assets. The issuer has to repay the nominal amount on the maturity date. As long as all due payments have been made, the issuer has no further obligations to the bond holders after the maturity date. The length of time until the maturity date is often referred to as the term or tenure or", "title": "Bond (finance)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 20.94, "text": "options embedded. Callable bond A callable bond (also called redeemable bond) is a type of bond (debt security) that allows the issuer of the bond to retain the privilege of redeeming the bond at some point before the bond reaches its date of maturity. In other words, on the call date(s), the issuer has the right, but not the obligation, to buy back the bonds from the bond holders at a defined call price. Technically speaking, the bonds are not really bought and held by the issuer but are instead cancelled immediately. The call price will usually exceed the par", "title": "Callable bond" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.86, "text": "a predetermined date formula_9 in the future, known as the bond´s \"\"maturity date\"\". Let formula_11 stand for the price at time formula_12 of a bond maturing at time formula_9. It is easily seen that to replicate the payoff 1 at time formula_9 it suffices to invest formula_15 units of cash at time formula_16 in the savings account formula_17. This shows that, in the absence of arbitrage opportunities, the price of the bond satisfies formula_18 Note that for any fixed T, the bond price solves the ordinary differential equation formula_19 We consider here a \"\"risk-free\"\" bond, meaning that its issuer will", "title": "Risk-free bond" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 19.77, "text": "the corporations to make regular interest payments (interest expenses) on the borrowed capital until the debt reaches its maturity date, therein the firm must pay back the obligation in full. Debt payments can also be made in the form of sinking fund provisions, whereby the corporation pays annual installments of the borrowed debt above regular interest charges. Corporations that issue callable bonds are entitled to pay back the obligation in full whenever the company feels it is in their best interest to pay off the debt payments. If interest expenses cannot be made by the corporation through cash payments, the", "title": "Corporate finance" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.64, "text": "Bond (finance) In finance, a bond is an instrument of indebtedness of the bond issuer to the holders. The most common types of bonds include municipal bonds and corporate bonds. The bond is a debt security, under which the issuer owes the holders a debt and (depending on the terms of the bond) is obliged to pay them interest (the coupon) or to repay the principal at a later date, termed the maturity date. Interest is usually payable at fixed intervals (semiannual, annual, sometimes monthly). Very often the bond is negotiable, that is, the ownership of the instrument can be", "title": "Bond (finance)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.55, "text": "term is named after a person, it is typically used with a lowercase \"\"s\"\". Suppose a five-year corporate bond is issued at par (100) with a coupon of 6% pa payable annually. The borrower has the right under a spens clause to repay after three years based on a reference rate of the two year gilt rate plus 0.5%. After three years, the borrower does decide to redeem the bond. At this point the two year gilt yields 2% and so the reference rate is 2.5%. If the bond was allowed to run to maturity, the outstanding cashflows would be", "title": "Spens clause" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 19.41, "text": "maturity. The $20 gain (ignoring time value of money) is in lieu of the regular coupon. However, this is rare for corporate bonds. Some corporate bonds have an embedded call option that allows the issuer to redeem the debt before its maturity date. These are called callable bonds. A less common feature is an embedded put option that allows investors to put the bond back to the issuer before its maturity date. These are called putable bonds. Both of these features are common to the High Yield market. High Grade bonds rarely have embedded options. A straight bond that is", "title": "Corporate bond" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.39, "text": "most other fixed-income securities, the principal in an MBS is not paid back as a single payment to the bond holder at maturity but rather is paid along with the interest in each periodic payment (monthly, quarterly, etc.). This decrease in face value is measured by the MBS's \"\"factor\"\", the percentage of the original \"\"face\"\" that remains to be repaid. In finance, an option is a contract which gives the \"\"buyer\"\" (the owner) the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset or instrument at a specified strike price on or before a specified date. The", "title": "Derivative (finance)" } ]

[ "April 1917" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 26.05, "text": "United States in World War I The United States declared war on Germany on April 6, 1917, more than two and a half years after World War I started. A ceasefire and Armistice was declared on November 11, 1918. Before entering the war, the U.S. had remained neutral, though it had been an important supplier to Great Britain and the other Allied powers. The U.S. made its major contributions in terms of supplies, raw material and money, starting in 1917. American soldiers under General of the Armies John Pershing, Commander-in-Chief of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF), arrived at the rate", "title": "United States in World War I" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.72, "text": "role in the conflict. Under the leadership of President Woodrow Wilson, the war represented the climax of the Progressive Era as it sought to bring reform and democracy to the world, although there was substantial public opposition to U.S. entry into the war. The American entry into World War I came on April 6, 1917, after more than two and a half years of efforts by President Woodrow Wilson to keep the United States out of the war. Apart from an Anglophile element urging early support for the British, American public opinion reflected that of the president: the sentiment for", "title": "United States in World War I" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.56, "text": "Republican Warren G. Harding. Notes References United States in World War I The United States declared war on Germany on April 6, 1917, more than two and a half years after World War I started. A ceasefire and Armistice was declared on November 11, 1918. Before entering the war, the U.S. had remained neutral, though it had been an important supplier to Great Britain and the other Allied powers. The U.S. made its major contributions in terms of supplies, raw material and money, starting in 1917. American soldiers under General of the Armies John Pershing, Commander-in-Chief of the American Expeditionary", "title": "United States in World War I" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.55, "text": "that most parties confessed, asked forgiveness, and were vindicated. The United States entered World War I on 6 April 1917. President Woodrow Wilson had worked hard for the nation's peace but to no avail. It was his hope that the involvement of the United States might help to \"\"make the world safe for democracy.\"\" At this time the people of Mt. Zion displayed a high plane of patriotic sentiment. Young men volunteered for or were drafted into the armed forces. The women rolled bandages, made hospital garments, and took cookies, cakes, and sandwiches to soldiers who came through Sandy Springs", "title": "Mount Zion Presbyterian Church (Sandy Springs, South Carolina)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.16, "text": "American entry into World War I The American entry into World War I came in April 1917, after more than two and a half years of efforts by President Woodrow Wilson to keep the United States out of the war and broker a peace in Europe. Apart from an Anglophile element urging early support for the British, American public opinion reflected that of the president: the sentiment for neutrality was particularly strong among Irish Americans, German Americans, and Scandinavian Americans, as well as among church leaders and among women in general. On the other hand, even before World War I", "title": "American entry into World War I" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.06, "text": "research of the Inquiry, a team of about 150 advisers led by foreign-policy adviser Edward M. House, into the topics likely to arise in the anticipated peace conference. The immediate cause of the United States' entry into World War I in April 1917 was the German announcement of renewed unrestricted submarine warfare and the subsequent sinking of ships with Americans on board. But President Wilson's war aims went beyond the defense of maritime interests. In his War Message to Congress, Wilson declared that the United States' objective was \"\"to vindicate the principles of peace and justice in the life of", "title": "Fourteen Points" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.89, "text": "1920. In March 1917, after the abdication of Russian Tsar Nicholas II and the formation of a provisional democratic government in Russia, the U.S. entered World War I. The U.S. government declared war on the German Empire in April (and later upon Austria-Hungary) after learning of the former's attempt to persuade Mexico to join the Central Powers. The Russian Provisional Government, led by Alexander Kerensky, pledged to continue fighting Imperial Germany on the Eastern Front. In return, the U.S. began providing economic and technical support to the Russian provisional government, so they could carry out their military pledge. The Russian", "title": "North Russia Intervention" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 24.73, "text": "the United States entered World War I in April 1917. \"\"Smith\"\" performed escort duty in European waters out of Brest, France. Conolly was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions in connection with the salvaging of the transport ship , which was hit by two torpedoes launched by the German submarine in August 1918. Conolly, with a party of eight others remained on board the badly damaged ship for five days, steering by hand and handling the lines from the tugs, while the ship was towed to port. He returned to the United States in November 1918, fitting out, and", "title": "Richard L. Conolly" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.67, "text": "just as German U-boats started sinking American merchant ships in the North Atlantic. Wilson then asked Congress for \"\"a war to end all wars\"\" that would \"\"make the world safe for democracy\"\", and Congress voted to declare war on Germany on April 6, 1917. On December 7, 1917, the U.S. declared war on Austria-Hungary. U.S. troops began arriving on the Western Front in large numbers in 1918. After the war began in 1914, the United States proclaimed a policy of neutrality despite president Woodrow Wilson's antipathies against Germany. Early in the war, the United States started to favor the British", "title": "United States in World War I" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 24.61, "text": "United States home front during World War I The United States homefront during World War I saw a systematic mobilization of the country's entire population and economy to produce the soldiers, food supplies, ammunitions and money necessary to win the war. Although the United States entered the war in April 1917, there had been very little planning, or even recognition of the problems that Great Britain and the other Allies had to solve on their own home fronts. As a result, the level of confusion was high in the first 12 months. The war came in the midst of the", "title": "United States home front during World War I" } ]

[ "Hirschman" ]

[ { "hasanswer": true, "score": 22.8, "text": "Fleming, Prof. Rostov and J. Sheehan. The theory is generally associated with Hirschman. He presented a complete theoretical formulation of the strategy. Underdeveloped countries display common characteristics: low levels of GNI per capita and slow GNI per capita growth, large income inequalities and widespread poverty, low levels of productivity, great dependence on agriculture, a backward industrial structure, a high proportion of consumption and low savings, high rates of population growth and dependency burdens, high unemployment and underemployment, technological backwardness and dualism{existence of both traditional and modern sectors}. In a less-developed country, these characteristics lead to scarce resources or inadequate infrastructure", "title": "Strategy of unbalanced growth" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 22.66, "text": "the development of the country in question. However, it should be noted that most economists who favoured the balanced growth hypothesis believed that only the state has the capacity to take on the kind of heavy investments the theory propagates. Further, the gestation period of such lumpy investments is usually long and private sector entrepreneurs do not normally undertake such high risks. Ragnar Nurkse's balanced growth theory too has been criticised on a number of grounds. His main critic was Albert O. Hirschman, the pioneer of the strategy of unbalanced growth. Hans W. Singer also criticised certain aspects of the", "title": "Ragnar Nurkse's balanced growth theory" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.03, "text": "Kaldor was in effect integrating Roy Harrod's ideas about unbalanced growth into his theory. In the standard accelerator model that stood behind Samuelson's and Hicks' business cycle theories investment was determined as such: This states that investment is determined by exogenous investment and lagged income multiplied by the accelerator coefficient. Kaldor's model modified this to include a negative coefficient for the capital stock: Kaldor then assumed that the investment and savings functions are non-linear. He argued that at the peaks and troughs of the cycle the marginal propensity to save shifts in opposite ways. The intuition behind this is that", "title": "Nicholas Kaldor" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.72, "text": "Strategy of unbalanced growth Unbalanced growth is a natural path of economic development. Situations that countries are in at any one point in time reflect their previous investment decisions and development. Accordingly, at any point in time desirable investment programs that are not balanced investment packages may still advance welfare. Unbalanced investment can complement or correct existing imbalances. Once such an investment is made, a new imbalance is likely to appear, requiring further compensating investments. Therefore, growth need not take place in a balanced way. Supporters of the unbalanced growth doctrine include Albert O. Hirschman, Hans Singer, Paul Streeten, Marcus", "title": "Strategy of unbalanced growth" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.41, "text": "Balanced-growth equilibrium In macroeconomics, the balanced-growth path of a dynamic model is a trajectory such that all variables grow at a constant rate. In the standard exogenous growth model, balanced growth is a basic assumption, while other variables like the capital stock, real GDP, and output per worker are growing. Developing economies may adopt a strategy of unbalanced growth to rectify previous investment decisions, as put forward by economist Albert O. Hirschman. In microbiology, the state of balanced-growth means \"\"every extensive property of the growing system increases by the same factor over a time interval\"\". It is ideal for performing", "title": "Balanced-growth equilibrium" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.23, "text": "stage, workers firstly become qualified (learning by-doing) so qualified workers paid more than unqualified. The concept of developing by working has been modeled by Mustafa Cicek, a Turkish economist within his PhD thesis at KTU Trabzon Turkey, in his design of endogenous and unbalanced regional growth theory to explain the effects of employment of unqualified rural people by government initiatives. For a developing economy which experiences seriously regional imbalances, the structure of the economy does not allow all people to be employed and all factors to be used in the provinces. To tackle these problems through regionalizing both endogenous and", "title": "Developing by working" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.86, "text": "associated with Johan Galtung's structural theory of imperialism. Dependency theorists hold that short-term spurts of growth notwithstanding, long-term growth in the periphery will be imbalanced and unequal, and will tend towards high negative current account balances. Cyclical fluctuations also have a profound effect on cross-national comparisons of economic growth and societal development in the medium and long run. What seemed like spectacular long-run growth may in the end turn out to be just a short run cyclical spurt after a long recession. Cycle time plays an important role. Giovanni Arrighi believed that the logic of accumulation on a world scale", "title": "Dependency theory" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.81, "text": "Ragnar Nurkse's balanced growth theory The balanced growth theory is an economic theory pioneered by the economist Ragnar Nurkse (1907–1959). The theory hypothesises that the government of any underdeveloped country needs to make large investments in a number of industries simultaneously. This will enlarge the market size, increase productivity, and provide an incentive for the private sector to invest. Nurkse was in favour of attaining balanced growth in both the industrial and agricultural sectors of the economy. He recognised that the expansion and inter-sectoral balance between agriculture and manufacturing is necessary so that each of these sectors provides a market", "title": "Ragnar Nurkse's balanced growth theory" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 20.73, "text": "to exploit these resources. With a lack of investors and entrepreneurs, cash flows cannot be directed into various sectors that influence balanced economic growth. Hirschman contends that deliberate unbalancing of the economy according to the strategy is the best method of development and if the economy is to be kept moving ahead, the task of development policy is to maintain tension, disproportions and disequilibrium. Balanced growth should not be the goal but rather the maintenance of existing imbalances, which can be seen from profit and losses. Therefore, the sequence that leads away from equilibrium is precisely an ideal pattern for", "title": "Strategy of unbalanced growth" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.7, "text": "the car industry, for example, it will naturally lead to a rise in the demand for petrol. But if the state makes large scale investments in the coffee sector of a country, the tea sector will suffer. Hans Singer suggested that Nurkse's theory makes dubious assumptions about the underdeveloped economy. For example, Nurkse assumes that the economy starts with nothing at hand. However, an economy usually starts at a position which reflects the previous investment decisions undertaken in the country, and at any given moment, an imbalance already exists. So the logical step would be to take on those investment", "title": "Ragnar Nurkse's balanced growth theory" } ]

[ "Middle Eastern alchemy" ]

[ { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.38, "text": "\"\"OED\"\" mentions of its meaning \"\"a liquid for drinking\"\" occurred in the 14th century. Its use as a term for \"\"an intoxicating alcoholic drink\"\" appeared in the 16th century. The term \"\"spirit\"\" in reference to alcohol stems from Middle Eastern alchemy. These alchemists were more concerned with medical elixirs than with transmuting lead into gold. The vapor given off and collected during an alchemical process (as with distillation of alcohol) was called a spirit of the original material. Early evidence of distillation comes from Akkadian tablets dated \"\"circa\"\" 1200 BC describing perfumery operations, providing textual evidence that an early primitive", "title": "Liquor" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.14, "text": "cosmetic. The meaning of alcohol was extended to distilled substances in general, and then narrowed to ethanol, when \"\"spirits\"\" was a synonym for hard liquor. Bartholomew Traheron, in his 1543 translation of John of Vigo, introduces the word as a term used by \"\"barbarous\"\" (Moorish) authors for \"\"fine powder.\"\" Vigo wrote: \"\"the barbarous auctours use alcohol, or (as I fynde it sometymes wryten) alcofoll, for moost fine poudre.\"\" The 1657 \"\"Lexicon Chymicum\"\", by William Johnson glosses the word as \"\"antimonium sive stibium.\"\" By extension, the word came to refer to any fluid obtained by distillation, including \"\"alcohol of wine,\"\" the", "title": "Alcohol" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.06, "text": "eaux-de-vie and possibly vodka. Also, the Scandinavian akvavit spirit gets its name from the Latin phrase \"\"aqua vitae\"\". At times and places of poor public sanitation (such as Medieval Europe), the consumption of alcoholic drinks was a way of avoiding water-borne diseases such as cholera. Small beer and faux wine, in particular, were used for this purpose. Although alcohol kills bacteria, its low concentration in these beverages would have had only a limited effect. More important was that the boiling of water (required for the brewing of beer) and the growth of yeast (required for fermentation of beer and wine)", "title": "History of alcoholic drinks" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.62, "text": "Ireland, the production of whisky from malted barley is first mentioned in Scotland in an entry from 1494, although both countries could have distilled grain alcohol before this date. Distilled spirit was generally flavored with juniper berries. The resulting beverage was known as jenever, the Dutch word for \"\"juniper.\"\" The French changed the name to genievre, which the English changed to \"\"geneva\"\" and then modified to \"\"gin.\"\" Originally used for medicinal purposes, the use of gin as a social drink did not grow rapidly at first. However, in 1690, England passed \"\"An Act for the Encouraging of the Distillation of", "title": "History of alcoholic drinks" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.58, "text": "Geneva, Switzerland. The term “alcohol” now refers to a wider class of substances in chemistry nomenclature, but in common parlance it remains the name of ethanol. The Oxford English Dictionary claims that it is a medieval loan from Arabic \"\"al-kuḥl\"\", a powdered ore of antimony used since antiquity as a cosmetic, and retained that meaning in Middle Latin. The use of “alcohol” for ethanol (in full, “alcohol of wine”) is modern, first recorded 1753, and by the later 18th century referred to “any sublimated substance; distilled spirit” use for “the spirit of wine” (shortened from a full expression \"\"alcohol of", "title": "Ethanol" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.52, "text": "a high-grade type of alcohol almost neutral in taste, independent of the origin of the spirit. A worldwide tendency for a lighter and less dominant taste, as well as lower prices, led to the development of blended whisky in Scotland, and in the Netherlands to \"\"Jonge Jenever\"\". During the Great War, lack of imported cereals, and hence malt, forced the promotion of this blend. Alcohol derived from molasses from the sugar beet industry was used as an alternative to grain spirit. People started using the term \"\"oude\"\" for the old-style jenever, and \"\"jonge\"\" for the new style, which contains more", "title": "Jenever" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.44, "text": "it to be the blood of those who had once battled against the gods\"\". The Greek cult and mysteries of Dionysus, carried on by the Romans in their Bacchanalia, were the origins of western theater. Judaism incorporates it in the Kiddush and Christianity in its Eucharist, while alcohol consumption was forbidden in Islam. Spirits are distilled beverages that contain no added sugar and have at least 20% alcohol by volume (ABV). Popular spirits include borovička, brandy, gin, rum, slivovitz, tequila, vodka, and whisky. Brandy is a spirit created by distilling wine, whilst vodka may be distilled from any starch- or", "title": "Drink" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.12, "text": "Brandy and Spirits from Corn\"\" and within four years the annual production of distilled spirits, most of which was gin, reached nearly one million gallons. It should be noted that \"\"corn\"\" in the British English of the time meant \"\"grain\"\" in general, while in American English \"\"corn\"\" refers principally to maize. The dawn of the 18th century saw the British Parliament pass legislation designed to encourage the use of grain for distilling spirits. In 1685, consumption of gin had been slightly over one-half million gallons but by 1714 it stood at two million gallons. In 1727, official (declared and taxed)", "title": "History of alcoholic drinks" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21, "text": "sake, or cider, as they are fermented but not distilled. These all have a relatively low alcohol content, typically less than 15%. Brandy is a liquor produced by the distillation of wine, and has an ABV of over 35%. Other examples of liquors include vodka, baijiu, gin, rum, tequila, mezcal, and whisky. (Also see list of alcoholic drinks, and liquors by national origin.) The term \"\"spirit\"\" refers to liquor that contains no added sugar and has at least 20% alcohol by volume (ABV). Liquor bottled with added sugar and added flavorings, such as Grand Marnier, Frangelico, and American schnapps, are", "title": "Liquor" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.98, "text": "and a higher-priced category known as \"\"top-shelf\"\" or \"\"call\"\" drinks, and will use upselling by offering the higher-priced category when taking orders. The terms come from the relative positions of the bottles of spirit used for the drinks; the cheapest version of a spirit offered by a bar is typically stored in a long rail or \"\"well\"\" making it readily available to a busy bartender, while the more expensive, better-quality liqueurs and spirits are displayed on shelves behind the bar where they attract patrons to the available selection. A \"\"pony\"\" is slang for of spirit, while the standard-size \"\"shot\"\" of", "title": "Bartending terminology" } ]

[ "Colonel Robert E. Lee", "First Lieutenant Israel Greene", "Brevet Colonel Robert E. Lee" ]

[ { "hasanswer": true, "score": 23.23, "text": "two dozen prisoners. Eight militiamen were wounded. Alburtis said that he could have ended the raid with help from other citizens. By 3:30 that afternoon, President James Buchanan ordered a company of U.S. Marines (the only government troops in the immediate area) to march on Harpers Ferry under the command of Brevet Colonel Robert E. Lee, lieutenant colonel of the 2nd U.S. Cavalry Regiment. Lee had been on leave from his regiment, stationed in Texas, when he was hastily called to lead the detachment and had to command it while wearing his civilian clothes. Lee first offered the role of", "title": "John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.94, "text": "Lee was at both events. Lee initially remained loyal to the Union after Texas seceded. John Brown led a band of 21 abolitionists who seized the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in October 1859, hoping to incite a slave rebellion. President James Buchanan gave Lee command of detachments of militia, soldiers, and United States Marines, to suppress the uprising and arrest its leaders. By the time Lee arrived that night, the militia on the site had surrounded Brown and his hostages. At dawn, Brown refused the demand for surrender. Lee attacked, and Brown and his followers were captured after", "title": "Robert E. Lee" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 22.89, "text": "John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry (also known as John Brown's raid or The raid on Harpers Ferry) was an effort by abolitionist John Brown to initiate an armed slave revolt in 1859 by taking over a United States arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. Brown's party of 22 was defeated by a company of U.S. Marines, led by First Lieutenant Israel Greene. Colonel Robert E. Lee was in overall command of the operation to retake the arsenal. John Brown had originally asked Harriet Tubman and Frederick Douglass, both of whom he had met in", "title": "John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 22.42, "text": "of the events are particularly clear with regard to the Heyward Shepherd monument. John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry (also known as John Brown's raid or The raid on Harpers Ferry) was an effort by abolitionist John Brown to initiate an armed slave revolt in 1859 by taking over a United States arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. Brown's party of 22 was defeated by a company of U.S. Marines, led by First Lieutenant Israel Greene. Colonel Robert E. Lee was in overall command of the operation to retake the arsenal. John Brown had originally", "title": "John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.36, "text": "later a force of 2,400 men led by Harper and Brig. Gen. William H. Harman seized the U.S. Army arsenal located at Harpers Ferry in modern-day West Virginia. Despite the fires set by the Union Army forces as they withdrew, Harper's militia managed to salvage 4,000 of the approximately 15,000 muskets in storage there, as well as 300 of the arsenal's milling machines and metal working lathes, plus about 57,000 tools and wooden stocks (all items used in rifle production), which were sent to the Tredegar Iron Works in Richmond, Virginia. On April 28 Confederate Col. Thomas J. \"\"Stonewall\"\" Jackson", "title": "Kenton Harper" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.95, "text": "was recruited to John Brown's armed group by his uncle and fellow raider, Lewis Sheridan Leary. Brown led twenty-one followers, sixteen white and five black men, and captured the armory guards of Harpers Ferry, then part of Virginia, where they took control of the Federal arsenal. The raiders were soon pinned down by Virginia militiamen until U.S. marines led by Robert E. Lee arrived to apprehend them. Copeland's role in the Harpers Ferry assault was to seize control of Hall's Rifle Works, along with John Henry Kagi, a white raider. Kagi and several others were killed while trying to escape", "title": "John Anthony Copeland Jr." }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.92, "text": "abolitionists and run-away slave guerrillas. Beginning their raid the night of October 16, Brown and his small army of 21 men (16 white and 5 black) captured the armory and arsenal and succeeded in taking 60 citizens of Harper's Ferry hostage. The local militia and armed townspeople killed several members of the insurrection and forced Brown to take up position in the fire engine house where Brown's men had placed several of the hostages and prepared a defensive fortification. On the night of October 17, U.S. marines and then Brevet Colonel Robert E. Lee and his aide J.E.B. Stuart arrived", "title": "John Brown's Fort" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.88, "text": "during John Brown's raid on the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia (later part of West Virginia). Garrett telegraphed the Secretary of War, and a B&O train carried federal troops led by Robert E. Lee to capture the abolitionists and John Brown. At the outset of the Civil War, the B&O possessed 236 locomotives, 128 passenger coaches, 3,451 rail cars and of rail road, all in states south of the Mason–Dixon line. Although many Marylanders had Southern sympathies, Garrett and Hopkins supported the Union. The B&O was instrumental in supporting the Federal government during the Civil War, as it was", "title": "Baltimore and Ohio Railroad" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.81, "text": "by the U.S. Army. Industrialization continued in 1833 when the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal reached Harpers Ferry, linking it with Washington, D.C. A year later, the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad began service through the town. On October 16, 1859, the abolitionist John Brown led a group of 21 men in a raid on the arsenal. Five of the men were black: three free black men, one a freed slave and one a fugitive slave. During this time assisting fugitive slaves was illegal under the Fugitive Slave Act. Brown attacked and captured several buildings; hoping to secure the weapons depot and", "title": "Harpers Ferry, West Virginia" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.8, "text": "they surrendered. Brown refused and as Stuart walked away, he signaled a \"\"thumbs down\"\" to Lt. Greene and his men standing nearby. Soon after, Greene led a detachment of Marines to attack the engine house. Marines equipped with sledgehammers tried to break through the door, but their efforts were unsuccessful. Greene found a wooden ladder, and he and about 10 Marines used it as a battering ram to force the front doors open. Greene was the first through the door and with the assistance of Lewis Washington, identified and singled out John Brown. Greene later recounted what events occurred next:", "title": "John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry" } ]

[ "May 31, 2012" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 27.77, "text": "rooms opened on September 15, 2012. Originally, the land the Art of Animation Resort occupies was planned to be part of Disney's Pop Century Resort as part of the \"\"Legendary Years\"\" section. Several buildings were constructed for these plans, some even to the point of adding decorative details. While one-half of Pop Century (the \"\"Classic Years\"\") opened in 2003, the other half was left abandoned following the tourism halt after the September 11 attacks on the United States. Disney started to prepare the land for the resort in January 2010, and construction began in the summer of that year. At", "title": "Disney's Art of Animation Resort" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 26.55, "text": "Disney's Art of Animation Resort Disney's Art of Animation Resort is a resort within Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. It is located where construction on the unfinished half of Disney's Pop Century Resort was started but later abandoned after the September 11 attacks. The resort is the first to be built in the complex in over seven years and the fifth to be placed in the value-priced category, along with Disney's All-Star Sports Resort, the All-Star Music Resort, the All-Star Movies Resort, and Disney's Pop Century Resort. Family suites opened on May 31, 2012, and standard", "title": "Disney's Art of Animation Resort" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 26.38, "text": "Art of Disney Animation Art of Disney Animation is an attraction at the Walt Disney Studios Park in Disneyland Paris, Disney's California Adventure in Disneyland Resort and Hong Kong Disneyland in Hong Kong Disneyland Resort. In Walt Disney Studios Park, the attraction opened on March 16, 2002, along with the park, and is located in the Toon Studios Area (previously known as Animation Courtyard). Toon Studios is where the animated characters come alive - here guests learn about how Disney animated movies are created and can step into the imaginary worlds of animated features from Disney and Pixar. The Art", "title": "Art of Disney Animation" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.81, "text": "of the September 11 attacks and was redeveloped as a fifth value-priced resort, Disney's Art of Animation Resort, in 2012. After achieving international success with existing accommodations, Walt Disney Parks and Resorts began construction of the first value-priced resorts at the Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. The three-resort complex opened during the 1990s, consisting of Disney's All-Star Movies, All-Star Music, and All-Star Sports Resorts. The properties proved themselves as successful investments, leading to the development of a fourth value-priced resort in 1999. The resort was originally planned to open in 2001, though the opening was eventually", "title": "Disney's Pop Century Resort" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.64, "text": "Epcot since April 2016. In 10th anniversary celebration, half of the building (the renaissance age) has been converted into Big Hero 6 Headquarters, where guests can meet and greet with Baymax since February 22, and Hiro Hamada only on June 4 as an atmosphere character. However, it's been closed since June 30. Art of Disney Animation Art of Disney Animation is an attraction at the Walt Disney Studios Park in Disneyland Paris, Disney's California Adventure in Disneyland Resort and Hong Kong Disneyland in Hong Kong Disneyland Resort. In Walt Disney Studios Park, the attraction opened on March 16, 2002, along", "title": "Art of Disney Animation" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.31, "text": "items had once been available through the Courvoisier Gallery (from 1938 until 1946), but had been off the market until Disneyland opened in 1955. Disney collector Rob Richards notes \"\"The Art Corner rescued thousands of cels from being destroyed and saved them for posterity.\"\" Other offerings that had an immense impact on future artists were a series of Cartoon Character Guides on drawing Mickey Mouse, Goofy, Pluto, Jiminy Cricket, Chip 'n Dale and Donald Duck, flip books and animation kits. On May 28, 1960 an exhibit, \"\"The Art of Animation\"\", opened adjacent to the store. It contained artwork and other", "title": "Art Corner" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.02, "text": "mid-1992 due to the resort's financial crisis at the time. After the resort began to make a profit, these plans were revived on a much smaller scale. Walt Disney Studios Park opened on March 16, 2002. In June 2007, a new \"\"studio lot\"\" opened in the Animation Courtyard area of the park, named Toon Studio. It is themed as a \"\"toon backlot\"\", representing the film studio work place of animated characters, where they produce their animated films, including \"\"The Little Mermaid\"\", \"\"101 Dalmatians\"\", and \"\"The Jungle Book\"\". The concept has been created exclusively for Walt Disney Studios Park and features", "title": "Walt Disney Studios Park" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24, "text": "the time of this announcement on May 12, 2010, Disney did not say how much construction is expecting to cost, but it was mentioned that approximately 800 jobs would be produced. When the \"\"Legendary Years\"\" buildings were first being made, a bridge named the Generation Gap Bridge was constructed to connect both parts of Pop Century and made them accessible to each other. The bridge connects Pop Century to the \"\"Finding Nemo\"\" section of the Art of Animation Resort. The resort is designed \"\"with families in mind.\"\" It features four of Disney's popular character themes: \"\"Cars\"\", \"\"Finding Nemo\"\", \"\"The Lion", "title": "Disney's Art of Animation Resort" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.95, "text": "DisneyQuest in 1998. It was also recently added to Disney's Hollywood Studios and Disney California Adventure. It can be found within Art of Disney Animation at Walt Disney Studios Park. The attraction opened at Hong Kong Disneyland on July 14, 2007 and is located adjacent to the Opera House in Main Street, U.S.A.. The attraction itself is a drawing session with a Disney animator who teaches guests to draw a Disney character. Guests may take their own artwork home if they want after the drawing session. Animation Academy Animation Academy is an attraction at Disney California Adventure, Walt Disney Studios", "title": "Animation Academy" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.88, "text": "production area was dedicated and opened on April 22, 1998, the same day Disney's Animal Kingdom opened. Roy E. Disney noted it in his dedication speech. The Magic of Disney Animation The Magic of Disney Animation was a show and tour at Disney's Hollywood Studios, Florida. A Disney animator would show guests how the characters in Disney animated films were chosen and designed. The attraction closed permanently on July 12, 2015. In December 2015, the building began to be used to house the \"\"Star Wars\"\" Launch Bay. Originally, when the park first opened in 1989, the \"\"Feature Animation\"\" pavilion of", "title": "The Magic of Disney Animation" } ]

[ "the subcutis" ]

[ { "hasanswer": true, "score": 23.27, "text": "Subcutaneous injection A subcutaneous injection is administered as a bolus into the subcutis, the layer of skin directly below the dermis and epidermis, collectively referred to as the cutis. Subcutaneous injections are highly effective in administering vaccines and medications such as insulin, morphine, diacetylmorphine and goserelin. Subcutaneous (as opposed to intravenous) injection of recreational drugs is referred to as \"\"skin popping.\"\" Subcutaneous administration may be abbreviated as SC, SQ, sub-cu, sub-Q, SubQ, or subcut. Subcut is the preferred abbreviation for patient safety. Subcutaneous tissue has few blood vessels and so drugs injected here are for slow, sustained rates of absorption.", "title": "Subcutaneous injection" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 22.23, "text": "dermal punch. To have one of these implants installed, an incision is made down to the subcutaneous layer (subcutis) of the skin. A dermal elevator, a widely used medical instrument, separates the subcutis and the fascia, creating the pocket in which the implant will be inserted. After the implant is placed, the incision is stitched shut. Surgical tape is often applied to minimize movement while the skin fuses around the implant. Contraceptive implants in the UK and Australia are \"\"injected\"\" under the skin using a special device similar to a large syringe or ear-piercing gun, and extracted by making a", "title": "Subdermal implant" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 22.2, "text": "3/8\"\" needle is usually inserted 90 degrees and a 5/8\"\" needle is usually inserted at 45 degrees. Medication is administered slowly, about 10 seconds/milliliter. A person with insulin-dependent (either type 1 or type 2) diabetes mellitus typically injects insulin subcutaneously. The injection should be given under the skin, into the fat layer. Subcutaneous injection A subcutaneous injection is administered as a bolus into the subcutis, the layer of skin directly below the dermis and epidermis, collectively referred to as the cutis. Subcutaneous injections are highly effective in administering vaccines and medications such as insulin, morphine, diacetylmorphine and goserelin. Subcutaneous (as", "title": "Subcutaneous injection" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.69, "text": "the tissues between the skin and the muscle. Absorption of the medicine is slower than that of intramuscular injection. Since the needle does not need to reach the muscles, often a bigger gauge and shorter needle is used. Usual site of administration is fat tissues behind the arm. Certain intramuscular injection medicine such as EpiPen® can also be used subcutaneously. Insulin injection is a common type of subcutaneous injection medicine. Certain vaccines including MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella), Varicella (Chickenpox), Zoster (Shingles) are given subcutaneously. In an Intradermal Injection, medication is delivered directly into the dermis, the layer just below the", "title": "Injection (medicine)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.12, "text": "epidermis of the skin. The injection is often given at a 5 to 15 degree angle with the needle placed almost flat against the patient's skin. Absorption takes the longest from this route compared to intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous injections. Because of this, intradermal injection are often used for sensitivity tests, like tuberculin and allergy tests, and local anesthesia tests. The reactions caused by these tests are easily seen due to the location of the injections on the skin. Common sites of intradermal injections are the forearm and lower back. A depot injection is an injection, usually subcutaneous, intradermal, or", "title": "Injection (medicine)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.95, "text": "a 104 mg subcutaneous injection. It contains 69% of the MPA found in the original intramuscular DMPA formulation. It can be injected using a smaller injection needle inserting the medication just below the skin, instead of into the muscle, in either the abdomen or thigh. This subcutaneous injection claims to reduce the side effects of DMPA while still maintaining all the same benefits of the original intramuscular DMPA. MPA is not usually recommended because of unacceptable health risk or because it is not indicated in the following cases: Conditions where the theoretical or proven risks usually outweigh the advantages of", "title": "Medroxyprogesterone acetate" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.39, "text": "to visceral fat, which is found in the peritoneal cavity, and can be measured using body fat calipers to give a rough estimate of total body adiposity. Injection into the subcutaneous tissue is a route of administration used for drugs such as insulin: because it is highly vascular, the tissue absorbs drugs quickly. Subcutaneous injection is believed to be the most effective manner to administer some drugs, such as human growth hormones. Just as the subcutaneous tissue can store fat, it can also provide good storage space for drugs that need to be released gradually because there is limited blood", "title": "Subcutaneous tissue" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.11, "text": "allows for a slow release of the antigen to stimulate the body's immune system and to allow time for developing antibodies. Subcutaneous injections are used by heroin addicts (called 'skin popping', referring to the bump formed by the bolus of heroin), to sustain a slow release that staves off withdrawal symptoms without producing euphoria. A bolus delivered directly to the veins through an intravenous drip allows a much faster delivery which quickly raises the concentration of the substance in the blood to an effective level. This is typically done at the beginning of a treatment or after a removal of", "title": "Bolus (medicine)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.11, "text": "and has a clear spot distribution with similar density to that of pain. The different substances that elicit itch upon intracutaneous injection (injection within the skin) elicit only pain when injected subcutaneously (beneath the skin). Itch is readily abolished in skin areas treated with nociceptor excitotoxin capsaicin, but remains unchanged in skin areas which were rendered touch-insensitive by pretreatment with saponins, an anti-inflammatory agent. Although experimentally induced itch can still be perceived under a complete A-fiber conduction block, it is significantly diminished. Overall, itch sensation is mediated by A-delta and C nociceptors located in the uppermost layer of the skin.", "title": "Itch" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.94, "text": "Insulin port An insulin port functions as a medication delivery channel directly into the subcutaneous tissue (the tissue layer located just beneath the skin). When applying the injection port, an insertion needle guides a soft cannula (a small, flexible tube) under the skin. Once applied, the insertion needle is removed and only the soft cannula remains below the skin, acting as the gateway into the subcutaneous tissue. To inject through an insulin port the needle of a syringe or insulin pen is used. It is usually used to deliver insulin through the use of an insulin pump. The needle remains", "title": "Insulin port" } ]

[ "The small intestine", "small intestine" ]

[ { "hasanswer": true, "score": 19.48, "text": "in the small intestine. Water and minerals are reabsorbed back into the blood in the colon of the large intestine, where the environment is slightly acidic. Some vitamins, such as biotin and vitamin K produced by bacteria in the gut flora of the colon are also absorbed. The parietal cells in the fundus of the stomach, produce a glycoprotein called intrinsic factor which is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 (cobalamin), is carried to, and through the stomach, bound to a glycoprotein secreted by the salivary glands - transcobalamin I also called haptocorrin, which protects the acid-sensitive", "title": "Human digestive system" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 18.78, "text": "Small intestine The small intestine or small bowel is the part of the gastrointestinal tract between the stomach and the large intestine, and is where most of the end absorption of food takes place. The small intestine has three distinct regions – the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The duodenum is the shortest part of the small intestine and is where preparation for absorption begins. It also receives bile and pancreatic juice through the pancreatic duct, controlled by the sphincter of Oddi. The primary function of the small intestine is the absorption of nutrients and minerals from food, using small finger-like", "title": "Small intestine" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 18.77, "text": "the colon or large intestine. Water is absorbed here and the remaining waste matter is stored prior to defecation. Most of the digestion of food takes place in the small intestine. A major digestive organ is the stomach. Within its mucosa are millions of embedded gastric glands. Their secretions are vital to the functioning of the organ. There are many specialised cells of the GI tract. These include the various cells of the gastric glands, taste cells, pancreatic duct cells, enterocytes and microfold cells. Some parts of the digestive system are also part of the excretory system, including the large", "title": "Human digestive system" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 18.7, "text": "Acid Score. Most proteins are decomposed to single amino acids by digestion in the gastro-intestinal tract. Digestion typically begins in the stomach when pepsinogen is converted to pepsin by the action of hydrochloric acid, and continued by trypsin and chymotrypsin in the small intestine. Before the absorption in the small intestine, most proteins are already reduced to single amino acid or peptides of several amino acids. Most peptides longer than four amino acids are not absorbed. Absorption into the intestinal absorptive cells is not the end. There, most of the peptides are broken into single amino acids. Absorption of the", "title": "Protein (nutrient)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 18.58, "text": "the proteins required by our body. The material that remains undigested and unabsorbed passes into the large intestine. Absorption of the majority of nutrients takes place in the jejunum, with the following notable exceptions: The small intestine supports the body's immune system. The presence of gut flora appears to contribute positively to the host's immune system. Peyer's patches, located within the ileum of the small intestine, are an important part of the digestive tract's local immune system. They are part of the lymphatic system, and provide a site for antigens from potentially harmful bacteria or other microorganisms in the digestive", "title": "Small intestine" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 18.45, "text": "to more cardiovascular disease. The degree of causation is still not clear. Simple carbohydrates are absorbed quickly, and therefore raise blood-sugar levels more rapidly than other nutrients. However, the most important plant carbohydrate nutrient, starch, varies in its absorption. Gelatinized starch (starch heated for a few minutes in the presence of water) is far more digestible than plain starch, and starch which has been divided into fine particles is also more absorbable during digestion. The increased effort and decreased availability reduces the available energy from starchy foods substantially and can be seen experimentally in rats and anecdotally in humans. Additionally,", "title": "Human nutrition" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 18.39, "text": "mesenteron, where the majority of digestion takes place. Microscopic projections from the midgut wall, called microvilli, increase the surface area of the wall and allow more nutrients to be absorbed; they tend to be close to the origin of the midgut. In some insects, the role of the microvilli and where they are located may vary. For example, specialized microvilli producing digestive enzymes may more likely be near the end of the midgut, and absorption near the origin or beginning of the midgut. In the hindgut (element 16 in numbered diagram), or proctodaeum, undigested food particles are joined by uric", "title": "Insect" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 18.39, "text": "small intestine contains circular folds, flaps of doubled mucosal membrane which partially encircle and sometimes completely encircle the lumen of the intestine. These folds together with villi serve to increase the surface area of the jejunum enabling an increased absorption of digested sugars, amino acids and fatty acids into the bloodstream. The circular folds also slow the passage of food giving more time for nutrients to be absorbed. The last part of the small intestine is the ileum. This also contains villi and vitamin B12; bile acids and any residue nutrients are absorbed here. When the chyme is exhausted of", "title": "Human digestive system" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 18.28, "text": "fats to some degree though is not as efficient as the pancreatic lipase. The pylorus, the lowest section of the stomach which attaches to the duodenum via the pyloric canal, contains countless glands which secrete digestive enzymes including gastrin. After an hour or two, a thick semi-liquid called chyme is produced. When the pyloric sphincter, or valve opens, chyme enters the duodenum where it mixes further with digestive enzymes from the pancreas, and then passes through the small intestine, where digestion continues. When the chyme is fully digested, it is absorbed into the blood. 95% of absorption of nutrients occurs", "title": "Human digestive system" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 18.17, "text": "food is further digested and, in many fish, processed in finger-shaped pouches called pyloric caeca, which secrete digestive enzymes and absorb nutrients. Organs such as the liver and pancreas add enzymes and various chemicals as the food moves through the digestive tract. The intestine completes the process of digestion and nutrient absorption. In most vertebrates, digestion is a four-stage process involving the main structures of the digestive tract, starting with ingestion, placing food into the mouth, and concluding with the excretion of undigested material through the anus. From the mouth, the food moves to the stomach, where as bolus it", "title": "Fish physiology" } ]

[ "prenatal development" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.23, "text": "Primary bone Primary bone is the first bone tissue that appears in embryonic development and in fracture repair. It is characterized by its random position of collagen fibers. In most places in adults this tissue is replaced by secondary bone tissue except, for example, near the sutures of calvara or tooth sockets. The secondary bones have lower amounts of osteocytes so primary bone is much more easily penetrated by x-ray. Primary bone or the primary ossification center is the beginning of the bone building process during the first trimester. Calcificed cartilage is basophilic and new bone being made is more", "title": "Primary bone" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.62, "text": "bone. In long bones the primary centers occur in the diaphysis/shaft and in irregular bones the primary centers occur usually in the body of the bone. Most bones have only one primary center (e.g. all long bones) but some irregular bones such as the os coxa (hip) and vertebrae have multiple primary centers. A secondary ossification center is the area of ossification that appears after the primary ossification center has already appeared – most of which appear during the postnatal and adolescent years. Most bones have more than one secondary ossification center. In long bones, the secondary centres appear in", "title": "Ossification center" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.59, "text": "portion (orbital part). Some adults have a metopic or frontal suture in the vertical portion. In uterine period in right and left half of frontal region of the fetus there is a membrane tissue. On each half a primary ossification center appears about the end of the second month of the fetus. Primary ossification center extends to form the corresponding half of the vertical part (squama) and horizontal part (orbital part) of the frontal bone. At birth the frontal bone contains two portions, separated by the metopic (frontal) suture. Metopism is the condition of having a persistent metopic suture. Metopic", "title": "Metopism" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.38, "text": "of the same row also becomes calcified, and transverse bars of calcified substance stretch across from one calcareous column to another. Thus there are longitudinal groups of the cartilage cells enclosed in oblong cavities, the walls of which are formed of calcified matrix which cuts off all nutrition from the cells; the cells, in consequence, atrophy, leaving spaces called the primary areolæ. There are two types of ossification centers – primary and secondary. A primary ossification center is the first area of a bone to start ossifying. It usually appears during prenatal development in the central part of each developing", "title": "Ossification center" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.8, "text": "growth. The process of appositional growth occurs when the cartilage model also grows in thickness due to the addition of more extracellular matrix on the peripheral cartilage surface, which is accompanied by new chondroblasts that develop from the perichondrium. The first site of ossification occurs in the primary center of ossification, which is in the middle of diaphysis (shaft). Then: About the time of birth in mammals, a secondary ossification center appears in each end (epiphysis) of long bones. Periosteal buds carry mesenchyme and blood vessels in and the process is similar to that occurring in a primary ossification center.", "title": "Endochondral ossification" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.8, "text": "premaxilla. The first ossification centers in the area of the future premaxilla appear during the seventh week above the germ of the second incisor on the outer surface of the nasal capsule. After eleven weeks an accessory ossification center develops into the alar region of the premaxilla. Then a premaxillary process grow upwards to fuse with the frontal process of the maxilla; and later expands posteriorly to fuse with the alveolar process of the maxilla. The boundary between the premaxilla and the maxilla remains discernible after birth and a suture is often observable up to five years of age. In", "title": "Premaxilla" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.77, "text": "development of the periosteum. Endochondral ossification occurs in long bones and most other bones in the body; it involves the development of bone from cartilage. This process includes the development of a cartilage model, its growth and development, development of the primary and secondary ossification centers, and the formation of articular cartilage and the epiphyseal plates. Endochondral ossification begins with points in the cartilage called \"\"primary ossification centers.\"\" They mostly appear during fetal development, though a few short bones begin their primary ossification after birth. They are responsible for the formation of the diaphyses of long bones, short bones and", "title": "Bone" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.48, "text": "small opening in the diaphysis. It invades the primary center of ossification, bringing osteogenic cells (osteoblasts on the outside, osteoclasts on the inside.) The canal of the nutrient foramen is directed away from more active end of bone when one end grows more than the other. When bone grows at same rate at both ends, the nutrient artery is perpendicular to the bone. Most other bones (e.g. vertebrae) also have primary ossification centers, and bone is laid down in a similar manner. Secondary centers The secondary centers generally appear at the epiphysis. Secondary ossification mostly occurs after birth (except for", "title": "Ossification" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.39, "text": "Ossification of humerus The humerus is ossified from \"\"eight\"\" centers, one for each of the following parts: the body, the head, the greater tubercle, the lesser tubercle, the capitulum, the trochlea, and one for each epicondyle. One primary and seven secondary centres . The center for the body appears near the middle of the diaphysis in the eighth week of fetal life, and soon extends toward the extremities. This is the primary centre At birth the humerus is ossified in nearly its whole length, only the extremities remaining cartilaginous. During the first year, sometimes before birth, ossification commences in the", "title": "Ossification of humerus" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.16, "text": "The cartilage between the primary and secondary ossification centers is called the epiphyseal plate, and it continues to form new cartilage, which is replaced by bone, a process that results in an increase in length of the bone. Growth continues until the individual is about 20 years old or until the cartilage in the plate is replaced by bone. The point of union of the primary and secondary ossification centers is called the epiphyseal line. The growth in diameter of bones around the diaphysis occurs by deposition of bone beneath the periosteum. Osteoclasts in the interior cavity continue to resorb", "title": "Endochondral ossification" } ]

[ "Florida" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.72, "text": "that Kevin is missing. After tracking the whereabouts of the credit card, they fly to New York. Meanwhile, Kevin goes to his uncle Rob's townhouse, only to find the house vacant and undergoing renovations while Rob and his family are still in Paris. At Central Park, he encounters and befriends the pigeon lady. They go to Carnegie Hall, where the pigeon lady explains how her life collapsed when her lover left her. Kevin encourages her to trust people again, and promises to be her friend. Kevin confides in her that he's misbehaved and that he doesn't deserve Christmas. She suggests", "title": "Home Alone 2: Lost in New York" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.19, "text": "and they reconcile. On Christmas Day, a truckload of gifts arrive at the McCallisters' hotel room from the toy store. Kevin reconciles with the rest of his family, and goes to Central Park to give the pigeon lady the second turtledove, cementing their friendship. At the Plaza, Buzz receives the bill for Kevin's stay and shows it to Peter who calls out, \"\"Kevin! You spent $967 on room service?!\"\" prompting Kevin to run back to the hotel. Numerous based on \"\"Home Alone 2\"\" were released by THQ for such systems as the Sega Genesis, the Nintendo Entertainment System, the Super", "title": "Home Alone 2: Lost in New York" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.53, "text": "Kevin storms to the third floor of the house after refusing to apologize to his family. During the night, Peter accidentally resets the alarm clock, causing the family to oversleep once again. At the airport, Kevin stops to replace the batteries for his Talkboy, carrying Peter's bag which contains the batteries (along with Peter's wallet and large amounts of cash). Losing sight of his family, Kevin inadvertently boards a flight to New York City after mistakenly following a man wearing a jacket identical to Peter's. Upon arrival in New York City, Kevin decides to tour the city. While there, Kevin", "title": "Home Alone 2: Lost in New York" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 24.44, "text": "film is also notable for featuring a cameo from future U.S. President Donald Trump, who had owned the Plaza Hotel at the time of the film's production. A sequel, \"\"Home Alone 3\"\", followed five years later in 1997. The McCallister family is preparing to spend Christmas in Miami, gathering at Peter and Kate's home outside of Chicago. Peter and Kate's youngest son, Kevin, sees Florida as contradictory to Christmas, due to the lack of Christmas trees in Florida. Later, at a school Christmas pageant, Kevin's older brother Buzz humiliates him, causing Kevin to retaliate and ruin the pageant. Back home,", "title": "Home Alone 2: Lost in New York" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.92, "text": "Kevin a pair of ceramic turtledoves as a gift, instructing him to give one to another person as a sign of eternal friendship. After a run-in with Harry and Marv, Kevin rushes back to the Plaza. The hotel's concierge, Mr. Hector, confronts Kevin about the credit card, which has been reported stolen. Kevin flees the hotel after evading Mr. Hector, but he is eventually caught by Harry and Marv. They brag about their plan to break into the toy store at midnight, just before Kevin manages to escape. After landing at Miami International Airport, the rest of the family discovers", "title": "Home Alone 2: Lost in New York" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.89, "text": "meets a homeless woman tending to pigeons at Central Park, which frightens him. Kevin goes to the Plaza Hotel, where he uses Peter's credit card to check in. Meanwhile, the \"\"Wet Bandits\"\", Harry and Marv, have traveled to New York City after escaping during a prison riot and now call themselves the \"\"Sticky Bandits\"\". On Christmas Eve, Kevin visits a toy store where he meets its philanthropic owner, Mr. E.F. Duncan. Kevin learns that the proceeds from the store's Christmas sales will be donated to a children's hospital, and provides a donation. As a token of appreciation, Mr. Duncan offers", "title": "Home Alone 2: Lost in New York" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.56, "text": "a serial killer who murdered his family; as well as the \"\"Wet Bandits\"\", Harry and Marv, a pair of burglars who have been breaking into other vacant houses in the neighborhood and have targeted the McCallisters' house. Kevin tricks them into thinking his family is home, forcing them to put their plans on hold. Kate discovers mid-flight that Kevin is missing and upon arrival in Paris, the family discovers that all flights for the next two days are booked. Peter and the rest of the family stays in his brother's apartment in the city while Kate manages to get a", "title": "Home Alone" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.3, "text": "but Kevin takes the wrong plane and ends up in New York City. He tries to make do with what he has, such as using his father's credit card to stay at the Plaza Hotel, but is soon confronted by the Wet Bandits and must outrun and out-prank them again. The film was shot in Winnetka, Illinois; O'Hare International Airport in Chicago; Evanston, Illinois; and New York City. The film became the second most financially successful film of 1992, earning over $173 million in revenue in the United States and $359 million worldwide against a budget of $20 million. The", "title": "Home Alone 2: Lost in New York" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.17, "text": "that he do a good deed which will make up for the bad ones. Seeing a child in the children's hospital, Kevin decides to stop Harry and Marv from robbing the toy store. Kevin returns to the townhouse and rigs it with numerous booby traps. He later arrives at the toy store during Harry and Marv's robbery, takes their picture, and breaks the store's window, setting off the alarm. Kevin then lures the duo to the townhouse, where they spring the traps and suffer various injuries. While the duo pursues Kevin outside of the townhouse, he calls the police before", "title": "Home Alone 2: Lost in New York" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.11, "text": "Kevin McCallister Kevin McCallister is the main protagonist of the films \"\"Home Alone\"\", \"\"\"\", and \"\"\"\" in the \"\"Home Alone\"\" franchise. Kevin is played by Macaulay Culkin in the first two films, but in \"\"Home Alone 4: Taking Back the House\"\", Kevin is played by Mike Weinberg. Kevin is not featured in \"\"Home Alone 3\"\", as the film takes place during \"\"Home Alone 2\"\". Kevin's most famous pose is when he has both hands on his cheeks, and screams. While the McCallister family prepare for their trip to Paris, Kevin McCallister finds himself the subject of ridicule from the other", "title": "Kevin McCallister" } ]

[ "March 8, 2018" ]

[ { "hasanswer": true, "score": 27.14, "text": "shield being broken, as well as mention of the Raft prison. The season also mentions the Rand Corporation from \"\"Iron Fist\"\", and makes multiple references to Spider-Man. The second season of \"\"Jessica Jones\"\" was released on March 8, 2018, to coincide with International Women's Day, on the streaming service Netflix worldwide, in Ultra HD 4K and high dynamic range. In December 2017, a teaser trailer for the season was released, along with announcing the season release date. A trailer was released on February 7, 2018. Ahead of the season releasing, Netflix revealed the episode titles and creative teams with pulp", "title": "Jessica Jones (season 2)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 26.11, "text": "was ordered in April 2018, a month after the second season was released. Filming for the season began by the end of that June, with Ritter making her directorial debut during the season. The season is scheduled to be released in 2019. Star Krysten Ritter directs an episode for the season, marking her directorial debut. On April 12, 2018, a month after the release of the second season, Netflix ordered a third season of \"\"Jessica Jones\"\". With the season order came confirmation that the returning starring cast would include Krysten Ritter as Jessica Jones, Rachael Taylor as Patricia \"\"Trish\"\" Walker,", "title": "Jessica Jones (season 3)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.83, "text": "Kitchen. All episodes of the first season premiered on November 20, 2015. They were released to critical acclaim, with critics noting Ritter's and Tennant's performances as well as the series' noir tone, approach to sexuality, and depiction of darker topics such as rape, assault and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In January 2016, Netflix renewed \"\"Jessica Jones\"\" for a second season; filming began in April 2017 and concluded in September 2017. The second season was released on March 8, 2018, and a third season was ordered on April 12, which is scheduled to be released in 2019. Following the tragic end", "title": "Jessica Jones (TV series)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.78, "text": "VFX focused on creating \"\"invisible\"\" effects that would support its realistic approach. The first two episodes of the season premiered in New York City on November 17, 2015, with the full season of 13 episodes released on Netflix on November 20 to an estimated high viewership and critical acclaim. Critics praised the performances of Ritter and Tennant, as well as the season's noir tone, approach to sexuality, and coverage of darker topics such as rape, assault and posttraumatic stress disorder. The season was awarded a Peabody Award in the category of \"\"Entertainment and Children's programs\"\", and a Hugo Award for", "title": "Jessica Jones (season 1)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.78, "text": "also returning from the first season, as well as Wil Traval and David Tennant in guest roles. They are joined by J. R. Ramirez, Terry Chen, Leah Gibson, and Janet McTeer. The second season was ordered in January 2016, with filming beginning in April 2017, back-to-back with the miniseries \"\"Marvel's The Defenders\"\". Filming concluded in September 2017. The season was released on March 8, 2018. It received mostly positive reviews from critics, who once again praised Ritter's performance and the series' female focus, but felt the season suffered from pacing issues and a lack of a compelling villain after Tennant's", "title": "Jessica Jones (season 2)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.64, "text": "Defenders\"\", a 2017 crossover miniseries. A second season of \"\"Jessica Jones\"\" was released on Netflix on March 8, 2018, on International Women's Day. The second season of \"\"Jessica Jones\"\", follows Jones as she takes on a new case after the events surrounding her encounter with Kilgrave. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films and other television series of the franchise. The season was produced by Marvel Television in association with ABC Studios and Tall Girls Productions, with Melissa Rosenberg serving as showrunner. Jessica Jones Jessica Campbell Jones is a fictional superhero appearing in", "title": "Jessica Jones" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.48, "text": "season, Sarandos had said that it was \"\"too hard to say now\"\" if the season would actually release in 2015, with Netflix's plan to release a Marvel series approximately a year apart from each other after \"\"Daredevil\"\"s April 2015 release. However, Netflix soon confirmed that the season would indeed release in 2015, announcing the November 20 release date in September. The season was enhanced to be available in high dynamic range after its initial release by post-production vendor Deluxe. In May 2015, Marvel announced plans to reprint \"\"Alias\"\", the comic that the series is based on, with new covers from", "title": "Jessica Jones (season 1)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.36, "text": "released digitally on June 3, 2016. Jamie Forsyth also contributed to the music of the first season. A soundtrack album for the second season was released digitally on March 16, 2018. \"\"Jessica Jones\"\" is the second of the ordered Netflix series, after \"\"Daredevil\"\", and was followed by \"\"Luke Cage\"\" and \"\"Marvel's Iron Fist\"\", which led to the miniseries, \"\"The Defenders\"\". In November 2013, Disney CEO Bob Iger stated that, if the characters prove popular on Netflix, \"\"It's quite possible that they could become feature films,\"\" which Sarandos echoed in July 2015. In August 2014, Vincent D'Onofrio, who played Wilson Fisk", "title": "Jessica Jones (TV series)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.22, "text": "David Mack, the original cover artist on the comic who is also providing artwork for the series' opening credits. The reprints, which were all released digitally in June 2015, and up to issue 15 in two trade paperbacks in September, were intended to both celebrate the history of Jessica Jones, and introduce new audiences to the character ahead of the release of the season. In late September through early October, Marvel and Netflix released short teasers for the season, which chronicled a day of Jones' life. Also in early October, Marvel digitally released a 12-page one-shot comic by the original", "title": "Jessica Jones (season 1)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.14, "text": "Rosenberg confirmed that all 13 episodes of the season would be directed by women. Oscar's paintings in the season were created by comic book artist David Mack, who has drawn covers for Jessica Jones comics. A soundtrack album for the season was released by Hollywood Records and Marvel Music digitally on March 16, 2018, featuring selections of the original score for the season composed by Sean Callery, as well as the original song \"\"I Want Your Cray Cray\"\". All music composed by Sean Callery. The season makes several references to the events of \"\"\"\", including Vido Arocho's toy Captain America's", "title": "Jessica Jones (season 2)" } ]

[ "Arizona Cardinals", "Tampa Bay Buccaneers" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.78, "text": "win: the only other teams in NFL history to win their opener and lose the remainder of their games being the 1936 Philadelphia Eagles and the 1969 Pittsburgh Steelers. The Panthers consequently beat the record for most consecutive losses during a single NFL season shared by the 1976 Buccaneers, the 1980 Saints, the 1981 Colts and the 1990 Patriots. This has since been broken by two winless teams: the 2008 Detroit Lions and 2017 Cleveland Browns. Following the dreadful season, head coach George Seifert was fired and replaced by John Fox. By the end of the season, the Panthers had", "title": "2001 Carolina Panthers season" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 23.47, "text": "first game but losing their last 15. This performance tied the NFL record for most losses in a single season and it broke the record held by the winless 1976 Buccaneers for most consecutive losses in a single season (both records have since been broken by the 2008 Lions), leading the Panthers to fire Seifert. After the NFL's expansion to 32 teams in 2002, the Panthers were relocated from the NFC West to the newly created NFC South division. The Panthers' rivalries with the Falcons and Saints were maintained, and they would be joined by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. New", "title": "Carolina Panthers" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.34, "text": "become one of the most successful teams in NFL history, winning 15 AFC East titles in 17 seasons since 2001, without a losing season in that period. The franchise has since set numerous notable records, including most wins in a ten-year period (126, in 2003–2012), an undefeated 16-game regular season in 2007, the longest winning streak consisting of regular season and playoff games in NFL history (a 21-game streak from October 2003 to October 2004), and the most consecutive division titles won by a team in NFL history (won nine straight division titles from 2009 to 2017). The team owns", "title": "New England Patriots" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.31, "text": "The Patriots lost their season opener to the Buffalo Bills, who signed Milloy days earlier, 31-0. It would be the biggest loss of the Brady/Belichick era. What followed has been called one of the most successful two year stretches by a team in NFL history. The Patriots lost just three more games in 2003 and 2004 combined, culminating in back-to-back Super Bowl victories. In 2004, they set the then-NFL record for consecutive victories, from Week 5, 2003 through Week 6, 2004. Belichick's brilliance and in-game situational football knowledge showed itself on Monday Night Football against the Denver Broncos in Week", "title": "Brady/Belichick Era" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 23.3, "text": "game against the Phoenix Cardinals – all season. The 1990 Patriots and 1981 Baltimore Colts are the only NFL teams since 1940 to have eleven losses during which they never led in one season. The 1990 Patriots became the third team to end a season at 1-15, and were matched by the 1991 Colts the next year. They also tied the 1976 Tampa Bay Buccaneers for most consecutive losses inside one season (the Buccaneers lost all 14 games at a time when the NFL had not adopted a 16-game schedule yet), a record later eclipsed by the 15-straight losing 2001", "title": "1990 New England Patriots season" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.12, "text": "in a row after starting the season 8–0 and finishing with a franchise record tying 12–4 record, despite losing starting quarterback Andy Dalton to a broken thumb injury in week 14. The Bengals have now lost an NFL record eight consecutive playoff games since 1990, while coach Marvin Lewis' playoff record fell to 0–7, the most losses ever by a coach without a postseason win. After the game, Dalton stated that \"\"This locker room should feel a lot different right now. We won that game and then we didn't\"\". Sportswriter Mike Freeman called this game \"\"one of the dirtiest and", "title": "2015–16 NFL playoffs" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.11, "text": "two being the only winless teams in a 16-game schedule. Twelve NFL teams since the 1976 Buccaneers have lost 15 or 16 games in a season, but the Buccaneers’ 26-game losing streak from 1976 to 1977 still stands as the longest in modern NFL history. The aforementioned Detroit Lions have come the closest to matching the Buccaneers’ losing streak, having lost 19 consecutive games between the last game of 2007 until finally winning in week 3 of the 2009 season. The Buccaneers signed their first-ever free agents in January: former Birmingham Americans and Nebraska guard Tom Alward, Denver Broncos and", "title": "1976 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.06, "text": "lost in overtime to the New England Patriots in Super Bowl LI. Although the game long stood as the proudest moment in the history of the Falcons franchise, the 1998 NFC Championship Game has been remembered for the effect it had on the Vikings players and their fan base, as it is seen by some sportswriters as one of the most devastating losses in NFL history. Before the 1998 NFL season, the Minnesota Vikings had accumulated a history of disappointing losses. Although they were the first franchise to appear in four Super Bowls, they lost each time and became the", "title": "1998 NFC Championship Game" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.98, "text": "the San Francisco 49ers, the Dallas Cowboys, the Pittsburgh Steelers, and the Green Bay Packers as the only teams to win at least four Super Bowls (the Packers, who had entered the 2011 season as the defending champions, had not yet won a fourth Super Bowl when the Patriots had last appeared). Instead, the Patriots tied a then-NFL record for most losses in a Super Bowl that had been set by the Minnesota Vikings and tied by the Denver Broncos and Buffalo Bills, each of whom had lost four. With the loss, along with losses in 1985, 1996, and 2007,", "title": "2011 New England Patriots season" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.95, "text": "from the opening game through the Super Bowl (or championship game). The closest team to repeating this feat was the 2007 New England Patriots, who recorded the most wins in a season in NFL history by going 18–0 before losing to the New York Giants in Super Bowl XLII (the Dolphins won 18 straight through and until the first week of the 1973 season). The 2007 Patriots were able to record a better regular season than the 1972 Dolphins because the NFL lengthened it to 16 games in 1978. Besides the 1972 Dolphins and 2007 Patriots, the only other team", "title": "1972 Miami Dolphins season" } ]

[ "Washington", "Pennsylvania", "Oregon", "New York", "California" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.72, "text": "commonwealth, while American varietals make up only about 5% of the total. As of 2012, the top 5 varietals produced are Chardonnay, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Vidal blanc and Viognier. As of 2016, the commonwealth has approximately under cultivation, with a total harvest of over 6500 tons. The commonwealth ranks fifth in the nation for both bearing acreage and grape production. The central and northern Virginia counties, in particular those located just east of the Blue Ridge Mountains, account for the significant majority of the commonwealth's production. In the early 1900s, Charlottesville's Monticello Wine Company and its Virginia Claret Wine were", "title": "Virginia wine" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 22.56, "text": "those areas. There are more than 200 wineries in Texas, producing around 4,100 tons of wine, making it the fourth-largest wine producing state in the nation. That puts Texas behind California, New York, and Washington respectively. The University of Texas System is the largest wine producer in the state with over planted near Fort Stockton in West Texas. First established as an experimental vineyard in 1987, the university leases the land to a group of Bordeaux wine makers who produce two labels-Ste. Genevieve and Escondido Valley. The second largest winery is Llano Estacado Winery. Many of the wineries offer tastings.", "title": "Texas wine" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 22.41, "text": "average 28.2 percent in 2010, versus 27 percent in 2009. \"\"As of 2005\"\", the largest producers of American wine. American wine American wine has been produced for over 300 years. Today, wine production is undertaken in all fifty states, with California producing 89 percent of all US wine. The United States is the fourth-largest wine producing country in the world, after France, Italy, and Spain. The North American continent is home to several native species of grape, including \"\"Vitis labrusca\"\", \"\"Vitis riparia\"\", \"\"Vitis rotundifolia\"\", and \"\"Vitis vulpina.\"\" But the wine-making industry is based on the cultivation of the European \"\"Vitis", "title": "American wine" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 22.34, "text": "yielding US$4.8 billion in direct economic impact from New York grapes, grape juice, and wine and grape products. New York is a major agricultural producer overall, ranking among the top five states for agricultural products including maple syrup, apples, cherries, cabbage, dairy products, onions, and potatoes. The state is the largest producer of cabbage in the U.S. The state has about a quarter of its land in farms and produced $3.4 billion in agricultural products in 2001. The south shore of Lake Ontario provides the right mix of soils and microclimate for many apple, cherry, plum, pear and peach orchards.", "title": "New York (state)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 22.11, "text": "American wine American wine has been produced for over 300 years. Today, wine production is undertaken in all fifty states, with California producing 89 percent of all US wine. The United States is the fourth-largest wine producing country in the world, after France, Italy, and Spain. The North American continent is home to several native species of grape, including \"\"Vitis labrusca\"\", \"\"Vitis riparia\"\", \"\"Vitis rotundifolia\"\", and \"\"Vitis vulpina.\"\" But the wine-making industry is based on the cultivation of the European \"\"Vitis vinifera\"\", which was introduced by European settlers. With more than under vine, the United States is the sixth-most planted", "title": "American wine" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.73, "text": "planted the first Catawba grapes in Ohio. Others soon planted Catawba in new vineyards throughout the state and by 1860, Catawba was the most important grape variety in Ohio. At this time, Ohio produced more wine than any other state in the country, and Cincinnati was the most important city in the national wine trade. As in many other states, Prohibition in the United States destroyed the Ohio wine industry, which has struggled to recover. Currently, Ohio is ranked as one of the top 10 wine producers in the United States. Many wineries in Ohio are members of the Ohio", "title": "Ohio wine" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.53, "text": "Bohemia: Small vineyards can be found in Prague, but they do not produce a significant amount of wine. The top five grape varieties grown in Bohemia are Müller-Thurgau (26% of vineyards), Riesling (16% of vineyards), St. Laurent (14% of vineyards), Blauer Portugieser (10% of vineyards), and Pinot noir (8% of vineyards). The most commonly grown grape varieties in the Czech Republic, including the approximate percentage of vineyard planting for each variety, are listed below: The wine-producing areas of the Czech Republic are well known for their wine festivals (Czech: \"\"vinobraní\"\") which take place around harvest time in September. The biggest", "title": "Czech wine" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.22, "text": "boutique wineries. The 10 largest wineries in Israel, in terms of production volume, are Carmel, Barkan, Golan Heights, Teperberg 1870, Binyamina Wine Cellar, Galil Mountain, Tishbi Winery, Tabor, Recanati and Dalton Winery. The industry is fairly concentrated, with 75% of the nationwide production coming from the top 5 producers. It was announced in early 2008 that a wine park would be created on the slopes between Zichron Ya'akov and Binyamina in order to promote tourism in the area and enotourism in Israel in general. Annually from 2005 to 2012 Daniel Rogov, Israel's leading wine critic and Food & Wine Critic", "title": "Israeli wine" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.09, "text": "established when The Eyrie Vineyards planted grapes near Corvallis. Oregon's wine reputation was made in 1979 when a French magazine ranked The Eyrie's 1975 Pinot noir third among 330 wines of the world. By 2007, Oregon wineries were producing 1.7 million cases of wine for a total of $207.8 million in sales. There are several official American Viticultural Areas entirely within the state, including the Willamette Valley, Southern Oregon, Umpqua Valley, and Rogue Valley AVAs. Parts of the Columbia Gorge, Walla Walla Valley, and Snake River Valley AVAs lie within Oregon. Pinot noir and Pinot gris are the top two", "title": "Alcoholic beverages in Oregon" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.06, "text": "have some acreage in vineyard cultivation. By 2004, 668 million gallons (25.3 million hectoliters) of wine were consumed in the United States. Today, the U.S. produces over 800 million gallons of wine a year, of which California produces more than 84%, followed by Washington, New York, Pennsylvania, and Oregon. In the second decade of the 21st century, the US wine industry faces the growing challenges of competition from international exports and managing domestic regulations on interstate sales and shipment of wine. There are nearly 3,000 commercial vineyards in the United States, and at least one winery in each of the", "title": "American wine" } ]

[ "The eighth", "eighth", "the eighth season" ]

[ { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.38, "text": "Game of Thrones (season 8) The eighth and final season of the fantasy drama television series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" was announced by HBO in July 2016. Unlike the first six seasons that each had ten episodes and the seventh that had seven episodes, the eighth season will have only six episodes. Like the previous season, it will largely consist of original content not found currently in George R. R. Martin's \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\" series and will also adapt material Martin has revealed to showrunners about the upcoming novels in the series, \"\"The Winds of Winter\"\" and \"\"A", "title": "Game of Thrones (season 8)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.8, "text": "Game of Thrones (season 7) The seventh and penultimate season of the fantasy drama television series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" premiered on HBO on July 16, 2017, and concluded on August 27, 2017. Unlike previous seasons that consisted of ten episodes each, the seventh season consisted of only seven. Like the previous season, it largely consisted of original content not found in George R. R. Martin's \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\" series, while also incorporating material Martin revealed to showrunners about the upcoming novels in the series. The series was adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "title": "Game of Thrones (season 7)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 24.75, "text": "to premiere in April 2019. Ramin Djawadi is set to return as the composer of the show for the eighth season. On December 6, 2018, HBO released the first official teaser trailer for the eighth season. Game of Thrones (season 8) The eighth and final season of the fantasy drama television series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" was announced by HBO in July 2016. Unlike the first six seasons that each had ten episodes and the seventh that had seven episodes, the eighth season will have only six episodes. Like the previous season, it will largely consist of original content not found", "title": "Game of Thrones (season 8)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 24.66, "text": "be the last time that we would be doing this\"\". In an interview with \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\", HBO programming president Casey Bloys stated that instead of the series finale being a feature film, the final season would be \"\"six one-hour movies\"\" on television. He continued, \"\"The show has proven that TV is every bit as impressive and in many cases more so, than film. What they're doing is monumental.\"\" Filming officially began on October 23, 2017, and concluded in July 2018. Co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss have said that the seventh and eighth season would likely consist of fewer", "title": "Game of Thrones (season 8)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.53, "text": "The penultimate season focuses primarily on the convergence of the show's main plotlines in preparation for the final season. Daenerys Targaryen arrives in Westeros with her army and three dragons and wages war against the Lannisters. Jon Snow forges an alliance with Daenerys in an attempt to unite their forces against the White Walker army, the two falling in love in the process. Arya and Bran return to Winterfell and reunite with their sister Sansa. At the end of the season, the Army of the Dead breaches the Wall (with the help of a reanimated wight dragon) and finally enters", "title": "Game of Thrones (season 7)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 24.31, "text": "Dream of Spring\"\". The season will be adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss. Filming officially began on October 23, 2017, and concluded in July 2018. The season is scheduled to premiere in April 2019. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The eighth and final season of the fantasy drama television series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" was announced by HBO in July 2016. Like the previous season, it will largely consist of original content not found currently in George R. R. Martin's \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\" series; it will instead adapt material Martin has revealed to showrunners about the upcoming novels", "title": "Game of Thrones (season 8)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.19, "text": "fifth season. New York Mets baseball pitcher Noah Syndergaard made a background cameo as a javelin-throwing Lannister soldier in \"\"The Spoils of War.\"\" On April 21, 2016, HBO officially ordered the seventh season of \"\"Game of Thrones\"\", just three days prior to the premiere of the show's sixth season. In a June 2016 interview with \"\"Variety\"\", co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss revealed the seventh season would likely consist of fewer episodes, stating at the time of the interview that they were \"\"down to our final 13 episodes after this season. We're heading into the final lap.\"\" Director Jack", "title": "Game of Thrones (season 7)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 24.02, "text": "episodes, stating that after season six, they were \"\"down to our final 13 episodes after this season. We're heading into the final lap.\"\" Benioff and Weiss stated that they were unable to produce 10 episodes in the show's usual 12 to 14-month time frame, as Weiss said, \"\"It's crossing out of a television schedule into more of a mid-range movie schedule.\"\" HBO confirmed in July 2016, that the seventh season would consist of seven episodes, and would premiere later than usual in mid-2017 because of the later filming schedule. Benioff and Weiss later confirmed that the eighth season will consist", "title": "Game of Thrones (season 8)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24, "text": "Great Sept of Baelor. In the source novel, Cersei verbally consents to the sexual encounter, but does not in the television portrayal. The final episode was also criticised for the omission of the events of the epilogue of \"\"A Storm of Swords\"\" which was expected by fans to be the final scene. The review aggregator website Metacritic gave season 4 a score of 94 out of 100 based on 29 reviews, signifying \"\"universal acclaim\"\". On Rotten Tomatoes, the fourth season has a 97% approval rating from 43 critics with an average rating of 9.07 out of 10; the season also", "title": "Game of Thrones (season 4)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 23.69, "text": "of Castamere\"\" and \"\"Mother's Mercy\"\". The final episode of the show will be directed by Benioff and Weiss, who have previously directed one episode each. At the show's South by Southwest panel on March 12, 2017, Benioff and Weiss announced the writers for the show to be Dave Hill (episode 1) and Bryan Cogman (episode 2). The showrunners will then divide up the screenplay for the remaining four episodes amongst themselves. Writing for the eighth season started with a 140-page outline. Benioff said that the divvying up process and who should write what section became more difficult because \"\"this would", "title": "Game of Thrones (season 8)" } ]

[ "Nepal" ]

[ { "hasanswer": true, "score": 22.47, "text": "Vikram Samvat Vikram Samvat (IAST: Vikrama Samvat) (abbreviated as V.S. (or VS) or B.S. (or BS)); ) (also called the Bikrami calendar or sometimes just Hindu calendar) is the historical Hindu calendar of India and Nepal. It uses lunar months and solar sidereal years. It is the official calendar of Nepal. The Vikram Samvat is notable because many ancient and medieval era inscriptions use it. It is said to be named after the legendary king Vikramaditya, but the term \"\"Vikrama Samvat\"\" does not appear in the historical records before the 9th century, rather the same calendaring system is found by", "title": "Vikram Samvat" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.69, "text": "has been widely used. With the arrival of the Islamic rule era, the Hijri Islamic calendar became the official calendar of various Sultanates and the Mughal Empire. During the colonial rule era of the Indian subcontinent, the Gregorian calendar was adopted and it is commonly used in the urban areas of India and Nepal. The predominantly Muslim countries of Pakistan and Bangladesh use the Islamic calendar since 1947, but older texts variously included the Bikrami and Gregorian calendar systems. In 2003, the India-based Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee of Sikhism adopted the Nanakshahi calendar, a move that continues to be debated.", "title": "Vikram Samvat" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 20.7, "text": "Vikram Samvat was established by Vikramaditya.Gudpal Bias was the Royal Purohit, Known as Royal Priest, of Vikramaditya. So, this cause Ghimire to believe that they have been here for more than 2000 year. Their Ancient decent named as Gudpal Bias settled in Dhamir from Ujjain.Gudpal Bias entered Western Nepal through Route of Kumaon , Garhwal and Jumla from Ujjain. Gudpal Bias is First known Ancestors Of Ghimire Settled in Dhamir from Ujjain. He belong to Family of Sandipani Bias. He is the Royal Purohit, Known as Royal Priest, of Vikramaditya, who establish Vikram Samvat , now Official Calendar of Nepal.", "title": "Ghimire" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 20.67, "text": "Cambodia, Kerala, Kashmir, Manipur, Odisha, Punjab, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu and Thailand In addition to Nepal, the Vikram Samvat calendar is also recognized in North and East India, and in Gujarat among Hindus. Hindu religious festivals are based on Vikram Samvat. In North India the new year in Vikram Samvat starts from the first day of Chaitra Skukla paksha. In Buddhist communities, the month of Baishakh is associated with Vesak or Buddha's Birthday. It commemorates the birth, Enlightenment and passing of Gautama Buddha on the first full moon day in May, except in a leap year when the festival is", "title": "Vikram Samvat" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 20.59, "text": "- October and mid - November. Buddhist calendars in several related forms (each a simplified version of the Hindu calendar) are used on mainland Southeast Asia in the countries of Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar (formerly Burma) and Sri Lanka. The Hindu Calendar also known as Vikram Samvat is used in Nepal as the national calendar. All the official work is done based on this calendar. The calendar followed in some parts of South India (mainly in Tamil Nadu) is solar. It has a leap year every four years. The Bahá'í calendar is a solar calendar composed of 19 months of", "title": "Leap year" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 20.55, "text": "calendar. For example, the year 2075 VS began in 2018 CE and will end in 2019 CE. The Rana rulers of Nepal made Vikram Samvat the official Hindu calendar in 1901 CE, which started as Samvat 1958. In Nepal, the new year begins with the first day of the month of Baishakh, which usually falls around 13-15 April in the Gregorian calendar. The first day of the new year is passionately celebrated in a historical carnival that takes place every year in Bhaktapur, called Bisket Jatra. From 2007 AD, Nepal Sambat is recognized as the national calendar. In India, the", "title": "Vikram Samvat" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 20.25, "text": "The Vikrami calendar is the official calendar of Nepal. The Vikrami calendar is similar in conceptual design to the Gregorian calendar, but different from the Jewish calendar. Unlike Gregorian calendar which adds additional days to lunar month to adjust for the mismatch between twelve lunar cycles (354 lunar days) and nearly 365 solar days, the Vikrami and Jewish calendars maintain the integrity of the lunar month, but insert an extra full month by complex rules, every 4 years, to ensure that the festivals and crop related rituals fall in the appropriate season. This Indian system of calendar keeping is one", "title": "Vikram Samvat" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.22, "text": "reformulated Saka Calendar is officially used (although not for computing the dates of the traditional festivals). In the Hindi version of the Preamble of the Constitution of India, however, the date of adoption of the constitution, 26 November 1949, is presented in Vikram Samvat (Margsheersh Shukla Saptami Samvat 2006). There have been calls for the Vikram Samvat to replace Saka as India's official calendar. The classical Vikram Samvat uses lunar months and solar sidereal years. Because 12 months do not match a sidereal year exactly, correctional months (\"\"adhika māsa\"\") are added or, occasionally, subtracted (\"\"kshaya masa\"\"). A lunar year consists", "title": "Vikram Samvat" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 20, "text": "Date and time notation in Nepal YYYY-MM-DD is official Nepali Vikram Samvat. An example of Vikram Samvat YYYY-DD-MM usage used is the online news portal Onlinekhabar. But for Gregorian calendar DD-MM-YY . The DD-MM-YY is the predominant short form of the numeric date usage. Almost all government documents need to be filled up in the YYYY-DD-MM format. An example of YYYY-DD-MM usage is the passport application form. The 12-hour notation is widely used in daily life, written communication, and is used in spoken language. The 24-hour notation is used in rare situations where there would be widespread ambiguity. Examples plane", "title": "Date and time notation in Nepal" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 19.7, "text": "have been in use on the Indian subcontinent, and it is based on twelve synodical lunar months and 365 solar days. The lunar new year starts on the new moon in the month of Chaitra. This day, known as Chaitra Sukhladi, is a restricted holiday in India. The Vikrami samvat (\"\"Bikrami Samvat\"\" system) has been in use in the Indian subcontinent since ancient times, and remains in use by the Hindus in north, west and central India as well as Nepal. In south India, and some parts of east and west India such as Assam, Bengal and Gujarat, \"\"saka\"\" era", "title": "Vikram Samvat" } ]

[ "Philip Rambow", "Kirsty MacColl/Philip Rambow", "Kirsty MacColl" ]

[ { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.36, "text": "of the Morning\"\", with lyrics in Swedish by Hasse Olsson as \"\"Killen ner' på Konsum svär att han är Elvis\"\" (\"\"The guy down Konsum\"\" swears he's Elvis). There's a Guy Works Down the Chip Shop Swears He's Elvis \"\"There's a Guy Works Down the Chip Shop Swears He's Elvis\"\" was Kirsty MacColl's first hit single, charting in the UK at #14 in 1981, and remaining in the charts for nine weeks. It reached #9 in the Irish charts. A promotional version was released in the US, which instead referenced a truck stop as opposed to the very British chip shop,", "title": "There's a Guy Works Down the Chip Shop Swears He's Elvis" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 24.38, "text": "There's a Guy Works Down the Chip Shop Swears He's Elvis \"\"There's a Guy Works Down the Chip Shop Swears He's Elvis\"\" was Kirsty MacColl's first hit single, charting in the UK at #14 in 1981, and remaining in the charts for nine weeks. It reached #9 in the Irish charts. A promotional version was released in the US, which instead referenced a truck stop as opposed to the very British chip shop, but this was only available to DJs and did not get a full release. Norwegian singer Elisabeth Andreasson covered the song on her 1981 country album \"\"Angel", "title": "There's a Guy Works Down the Chip Shop Swears He's Elvis" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 23.34, "text": "Kirsty MacColl Kirsty Anna MacColl (10 October 1959 – 18 December 2000) was a British singer and songwriter. She recorded several pop hits in the 1980s and 1990s, including \"\"There's a Guy Works Down the Chip Shop Swears He's Elvis\"\" and cover versions of Billy Bragg's \"\"A New England\"\" and The Kinks' \"\"Days\"\". Her song \"\"They Don't Know\"\" was covered with great success by Tracey Ullman. MacColl also sang on recordings produced by her husband Steve Lillywhite, most notably \"\"Fairytale of New York\"\" by The Pogues. Kirsty MacColl was the daughter of folk singer Ewan MacColl (1915–1989) and dancer Jean", "title": "Kirsty MacColl" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.62, "text": "label shortly before the song was to be released. The single was pulled, and only a few \"\"white label\"\" promo copies of the single are known to exist. MacColl moved to Polydor Records in 1981. She had a UK number 14 hit with \"\"There's a Guy Works Down the Chip Shop Swears He's Elvis\"\", taken from her critically acclaimed debut album \"\"Desperate Character\"\". In 1983, Polydor dropped her just as she had completed recording the songs for a planned second album (to be called \"\"Real\"\") which used more synthesizers and had new wave-styled tracks. She returned to Stiff, where pop", "title": "Kirsty MacColl" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 22.58, "text": "timeline in which this happened has, however, been eradicated following Death's intervention, and he was last seen working in a fried fish stall in Quirm, a clear reference to Kirsty MacColl's song \"\"There's a Guy Works Down the Chip Shop Swears He's Elvis\"\". During the novel several characters comment that he seems a bit \"\"elvish\"\" (also a reference to the same Kirsty MacColl song). In the animated adaptation of the novel, Imp was voiced by Andy Hockley, and his final fate is changed to working as a gardener at Susan's school; their interactions are rewritten throughout the adaptation to imply", "title": "Discworld characters" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 22.33, "text": "Terry (Kirsty MacColl song) \"\"Terry\"\" is a song by Kirsty MacColl, released as a single in October 1983, and charting at #82 in the UK the following month. It was her first release after returning to Stiff Records, and was the last in a run of poorly selling singles released between \"\"There's a Guy Works Down the Chip Shop Swears He's Elvis\"\" and \"\"A New England\"\". The music video featured an appearance from actor and comedian Ade Edmondson who played MacColl's rejected boyfriend who got her back after fighting off a rival man. Just over a year later, in January", "title": "Terry (Kirsty MacColl song)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 22.02, "text": "Famous Banjo\"\" is named after the band's producer Calum MacLean whose stage name is Jason Famous, and when band member Innes travelled to the Staten Island, New York City to buy him a banjo. The title of the track \"\"There's a Girl Behind the Bar Who Think She's Garbo\"\", which mentions iconic Swedish film actress Garbo, is believed to be a reference to Kirsty MacColl's first hit \"\"There's a Guy Works Down the Chip Shop Swears He's Elvis\"\" from 1981. The track is dedicated to, as the liner notes describe, \"\"all those barmaids in New York City who tell you", "title": "What Men Deserve to Lose" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.84, "text": "not due to further releases (download sales counting toward the singles chart since 2005). A 7\"\" single was produced in 2012 to mark the 25th anniversary of its original appearance (Rhino Records WEA400), backed with an instrumental version. Kirsty MacColl Kirsty Anna MacColl (10 October 1959 – 18 December 2000) was a British singer and songwriter. She recorded several pop hits in the 1980s and 1990s, including \"\"There's a Guy Works Down the Chip Shop Swears He's Elvis\"\" and cover versions of Billy Bragg's \"\"A New England\"\" and The Kinks' \"\"Days\"\". Her song \"\"They Don't Know\"\" was covered with great", "title": "Kirsty MacColl" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 17.39, "text": "minute, the chip comes writhing and twisting, almost red hot, in a continuous length, shooting here and there, everywhere but the chip box; and quick must be the workman that manages to keep well out of the way of it, for it 'sticketh like a brother' when once he gets tangled in it...\"\" Articles and papers, a selection: Oscar E. Perrigo Charles Oscar Eugene Perrigo (1848 - 1923) was an American mechanical engineer, inventor, and early technical and management author, known for his work on machine shop construction and management, and for his work on lathe design, construction and operation.", "title": "Oscar E. Perrigo" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 17.34, "text": "chip shops\"\". Boardman, who also wrote a World Cup song, \"\"Stan's World Cup Song\"\", stated that he felt Cleese's use of his joke was \"\"very cheeky\"\" and didn't believe that Cleese had a chip shop in his hometown of Weston-Super-Mare. \"\"Don't Mention the World Cup\"\" was released on 12 June 2006; however, it failed to chart in the UK Singles Charts. The song was also criticised in , which gave it two stars and stated that \"\"Cleese's flat delivery is Fawlty\"\". Nonetheless, despite lack of UK chart success, press and television coverage was generally favourable. The song was featured on", "title": "Don't Mention the World Cup" } ]

[ "1,020–1,080 kg" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.52, "text": "Honda S660 The Honda S660 is a two-seat sports car which fits in the very small Kei car category. It is manufactured by the Japanese manufacturer Honda. The car weighs approximately 830 kg with the manual transmission and 850 kg with the CVT automatic. A prototype was shown at the November 2013 Tokyo Motor Show, the major Japanese auto show event. It is the successor to the Honda Beat. The naming convention of using the letter \"\"S\"\" followed by the engine displacement is a long-held Honda tradition going back to Honda's first production car, the Honda S500. The S660 is", "title": "Honda S660" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.27, "text": "trim, 4-speaker CD/MP3/WMA player with USB and AUX jack, immobiliser and 4 Corner Reverse Sensors. It retails at an estimated . The 2008 Fit is available from parallel importers and the authorised dealer in Singapore. The parallel import Fit is available in 1.3 G and GF that comes with an optional sunroof and the 1.5 RS version which packs 120 PS. The RS version has different bumpers, bigger 16-inch rims and has smoked LED tail lamps. The authorised dealer sells the Jazz in two variants 1.3 L and the 1.5 L having similar specifications as the parallel imported Fit but", "title": "Honda Fit" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.5, "text": "a drop of carbon emission of two grams to 123 g/km for 1.2 L engine and 126 g/km for 1.4 L engine respectively. CVT transmission will also be available on cars with the larger engine. The third generation Fit retains the overall design concept of previous generations, notably the center-located fuel tank and multi-configuration interior concept, marketed as \"\"Magic Seating\"\". Honda's all-new \"\"Global Small Car Platform\"\" employing ultra-high strength 780 MPa yield steel for 27% of its bodywork — and a shorter overall length (-1.6 inches), longer wheelbase (+1.2inch) increased rear legroom (+4.8 inches) and increased passenger volume (+4.9 cu", "title": "Honda Fit" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.19, "text": "optimum utilization and storage. With the fuel tank placed in the center plus an ultra-thin electric motor and compact IPU, it claims to achieve an efficient weight distribution. In an interview, Kohei Hitomi, the project leader of Fit hybrid, admitted that lowering CO further will affect some attributes that buyers of the car value: a bigger electric motor and battery sacrifice spaces utility, and improving aerodynamics might make side mirrors smaller. He said there are benefits for customers to keep all the versatility. The drivetrain is the same drive system as the Honda Insight. The advantages of the system are", "title": "Honda Fit" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.95, "text": "low cost, low weight and that it can be combined with either manual transmission or continuous variable transmission. The car is better suited than its diesel competitors in areas where superminis are most common: city centres. It is more economical in urban conditions. Thanks to the instant torque of the electric motor, it has a much better engine response. The hybrid version was not available in the U.S. According to Koichi Kondo, Executive Vice President of Honda: Hitomi, as reported by \"\"Automotive News\"\", believed that the second generation Fit offered in North American market had very good fuel mileage as", "title": "Honda Fit" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.67, "text": "output of at 6,600 rpm and at 4,800 rpm. This was the only engine available in the American market. A five-speed manual, five-speed automatic (4WD only) and CVT transmission were available. The chassis was re-engineered, with structural rigidity increased by 164 percent over the first generation Fit. The second generation Fit featured improved ride and handling. By 2012, the Honda Fit was produced in 12 countries, including Japan, Brazil, China, India and Indonesia. Sales of the Fit Hybrid began in Japan in October 2010. The hybrid version started at million (around ), the lowest price for a gasoline-hybrid electric vehicle", "title": "Honda Fit" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.62, "text": "improve U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) crash test ratings. The engine is a i-VTEC 4-cylinder with 117 horsepower at 6600 rpm mated to a five-speed manual transmission or a five-speed automatic transmission. The second generation Honda Fit went on sale in North America around August 26, 2008, for the 2009 model year. It was considered the most expensive within the subcompact class when equipped as such, but was also described as modestly priced. It was reported in September 2009 that Honda is considering producing the Fit in North America in response to the increasing strength of the Japanese", "title": "Honda Fit" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.53, "text": "is wider and longer overall. Overall height is unchanged, while interior height increased by .3 in. Multi-mode seating and cargo configurations were retained (US models were no longer capable of Refresh/Relax Mode until the following gen), with redesigned headrests enabling more convenient folding of the rear seats. The cabin featured greater interior volume, and boot capacity decreased from 21.3 to . Two engines were offered in the second generation Fit. A i-VTEC produces at 6,000 rpm and at 4,500 rpm. This engine was offered in both European and Asian markets. A i-VTEC engine was also offered and produces a maximum", "title": "Honda Fit" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.45, "text": "hybrid was launched in Thailand in July 2012, the first hybrid in the country's sub-compact market. First time buyers of the car were eligible for Thai government's first car tax rebate. The hybrid model is assembled in Thailand. New model of Fit Hybrid was launched in Japan in 2013. It is equipped with Honda's next-generation sport hybrid i-DCD system that combines a 97 kW (130 hp), 156 N·m (115 lb·ft) 1.5-liter direct injection engine combined with a 22 kW (30 hp) 160 N·m (118 lb·ft) Honda H1 motor. Powertrains are shared with Honda Vezel and Honda Grace Hybrid. The Fit", "title": "Honda Fit" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.31, "text": "mpg (LX model, city/highway/combined) or 32/38/35 mpg (EX and EX-L trim levels). All Fits trim levels include a multi-angle rear-view backup camera; higher trims include dynamic guidelines. Honda's LaneWatch passenger side-view mirror camera is also optional. Malaysian third-gen B-segment hatch Honda Jazz is available in S, E and V variants. Regardless of which variant, all variant get a non-direct-injected 1.5-litre SOHC i-VTEC engine developing 120 PS at 6,600 rpm and 145 Nm of torque at 4,600 rpm (200 rpm lower than in the outgoing Jazz) and an ‘Earth Dreams’ CVT. Honda launched the Jazz Hybrid in June 2017, as the", "title": "Honda Fit" } ]

[ "loop" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.91, "text": "the two vertices are orthogonal, there is no edge between the vertices. If the angle between the two roots is 120 degrees, we put one edge between the vertices. If the angle is 135 degrees, we put two edges, and if the angle is 150 degrees, we put three edges. (These four cases exhaust all possible angles between pairs of positive simple roots.) Finally, if there are any edges between a given pair of vertices, we decorate them with an arrow pointing from the vertex corresponding to the longer root to the vertex corresponding to the shorter one. (The arrow", "title": "Dynkin diagram" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 22.42, "text": "Loop (graph theory) In graph theory, a loop (also called a self-loop or a \"\"buckle\"\") is an edge that connects a vertex to itself. A simple graph contains no loops. Depending on the context, a graph or a multigraph may be defined so as to either allow or disallow the presence of loops (often in concert with allowing or disallowing multiple edges between the same vertices): In a graph with one vertex, all edges must be loops. Such a graph is called a bouquet. For an undirected graph, the degree of a vertex is equal to the number of adjacent", "title": "Loop (graph theory)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.34, "text": "is noted 6.6.6, or 6. Mathematicians use some technical terms when discussing tilings. An \"\"edge\"\" is the intersection between two bordering tiles; it is often a straight line. A \"\"vertex\"\" is the point of intersection of three or more bordering tiles. Using these terms, an \"\"isogonal\"\" or vertex-transitive tiling is a tiling where every vertex point is identical; that is, the arrangement of polygons about each vertex is the same. The fundamental region is a shape such as a rectangle that is repeated to form the tessellation. For example, a regular tessellation of the plane with squares has a meeting", "title": "Tessellation" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.83, "text": "use adjacency lists to test whether an edge exists or does not exist between two specified vertices. In an adjacency list in which the neighbors of each vertex are unsorted, testing for the existence of an edge may be performed in time proportional to the minimum degree of the two given vertices, by using a sequential search through the neighbors of this vertex. If the neighbors are represented as a sorted array, binary search may be used instead, taking time proportional to the logarithm of the degree. The main alternative to the adjacency list is the adjacency matrix, a matrix", "title": "Adjacency list" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.38, "text": "drawing. The weight and length of each edge determines the difference in slopes of the surface on either side of the edge, and the condition that each vertex is in equilibrium with its neighbors is equivalent to the condition that these slope differences cause the surface to meet up with itself correctly in the neighborhood of the vertex. Positive weights translate to convex dihedral angles between two faces of the piecewise linear surface, and negative weights translate to concave dihedral angles. Conversely, every continuous piecewise-linear surface comes from an equilibrium stress in this way. If a finite planar graph is", "title": "Steinitz's theorem" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.31, "text": "there is no vertex other than the \"\"n\"\" vertices of the graph. Additional clauses of the sentence can be used to ensure that no two vertex variables are equal, that each edge of \"\"G\"\" is present, and no edge exists between a pair of non-adjacent vertices of \"\"G\"\". However, for some graphs there exist significantly shorter formulas that define the graph. Several different graph invariants can be defined from the simplest sentences (with different measures of simplicity) that define a given graph. In particular the \"\"logical depth\"\" of a graph is defined to be the minimum level of nesting of", "title": "Logic of graphs" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.27, "text": "favour of clarity. Each edge is shown as a real line, and each meeting point of two lines is a vertex. The connectivity between the various edges is clear to see. The last diagram gives a flavour of the structure projected into three dimensions: the two cubes of vertices are in fact the same size but are seen in perspective at different distances away in the fourth dimension. A real 1-dimensional polytope exists as a closed segment in the real line formula_5, defined by its two end points or vertices in the line. Its Schläfli symbol is {} . Analogously,", "title": "Complex polytope" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.14, "text": "in . Observe that surely and . Let be the maximal path in that starts from with an edge from and whose edges alternate between and . How can end? Unless we are arrive at 'special' vertex such as or , we can always continue: is -matched by , so the first edge of is not in , therefore the second vertex is -matched by a different vertex and we continue in this manner. Let denote the last vertex of . If the last edge of is in , then has to be , since otherwise we could continue with", "title": "Tutte theorem" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21, "text": "\"\"contract\"\" to form a single edge between the endpoints of the path. Edges incident to vertices along the path are either eliminated, or arbitrarily (or systematically) connected to one of the endpoints. Given two disjoint graphs G and G, where G contains vertices u and v and G contains vertices u and v. Suppose we can obtain the graph G by identifying the vertices u of G and u of G as the vertex u of G and identifying the vertices v of G and v of G as the vertex v of G. In a \"\"twisting\"\" G' of G", "title": "Edge contraction" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.97, "text": "land masses and the bridges connecting them. In modern terms, one replaces each land mass with an abstract \"\"vertex\"\" or node, and each bridge with an abstract connection, an \"\"edge\"\", which only serves to record which pair of vertices (land masses) is connected by that bridge. The resulting mathematical structure is called a graph. Since only the connection information is relevant, the shape of pictorial representations of a graph may be distorted in any way, without changing the graph itself. Only the existence (or absence) of an edge between each pair of nodes is significant. For example, it does not", "title": "Seven Bridges of Königsberg" } ]

[ "September 19, 2017" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.19, "text": "4th season on May 31, 2011. Again, the season was split, with the second half of season 4 premiering on September 27, 2011. In February 2012, Klein opened \"\"Rocky&Maggie\"\" in Rice Village Houston. named after their pets Chihuahua Rocky and rescue mutt terrier Maggie. Arnold's mother Judy manages the store. Season 5 began on March 20, 2012, and follows Klein and Arnold as they move into their custom-built dream home and launch a brand-new business. In March 2013, they adopted their son, Will, from Hohhot, China. The adoption of their son, who also has dwarfism, is featured in Season 5.", "title": "The Little Couple" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.19, "text": "child. Arnold is a neonatologist who works at the Texas Children's Hospital, and Klein is a medical supplies and telemarketing businessman. They were originally introduced in a one-hour TLC special, \"\"Little People: Just Married\"\". Season 1 of the show premiered on May 26, 2009. Season 2 premiered on October 27, 2009. On February 22, 2010, TLC renewed \"\"The Little Couple\"\" for a third season consisting of 20 episodes. The mid-season finale aired after 9 episodes on July 27, 2010, and season 3 returned on October 12, 2010. It was announced on Facebook that the show would be returning for its", "title": "The Little Couple" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.98, "text": "On October 15, 2013, they adopted a daughter, Zoey, also a little person, from Delhi, India. The series went into an hiatus on June 4, 2013, and returned on August 13, 2013. In December 2013, Arnold revealed that she was diagnosed with a rare form of cancer, stage 4 choriocarcinoma, due to a non-viable pregnancy she had suffered in September 2013. She allowed the cameras to document her struggle. Season 6 premiered on March 4, 2014. It features Zoey's adoption, Arnold's cancer treatment, Will's fourth birthday, baptisms, the holiday season, and Arnold's 40th birthday. The new season of The Little", "title": "The Little Couple" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 21.69, "text": "Couple premiered on September 19, 2017. The Little Couple The Little Couple is an American reality television series on TLC that debuted May 26, 2009. The series features Bill Klein, a businessman, and Dr. Jennifer Arnold, a neonatologist, who both have skeletal dysplasia. Arnold is 96.5 cm (3'2\"\") and Klein 122 cm (4 feet) tall. They moved from New York City, after Jen completed her pediatric residency and masters of medical education at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. The show begins with the couple having just moved to Houston, Texas, where the series has documented the customized building of their", "title": "The Little Couple" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.81, "text": "The Little Couple The Little Couple is an American reality television series on TLC that debuted May 26, 2009. The series features Bill Klein, a businessman, and Dr. Jennifer Arnold, a neonatologist, who both have skeletal dysplasia. Arnold is 96.5 cm (3'2\"\") and Klein 122 cm (4 feet) tall. They moved from New York City, after Jen completed her pediatric residency and masters of medical education at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. The show begins with the couple having just moved to Houston, Texas, where the series has documented the customized building of their home and attempts to have a", "title": "The Little Couple" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.84, "text": "are the first couple in Columbus, Ohio to have sextuplets in 2010. Sextuplets born June 9, 2010 (age 8) The first season of \"\"6 Little McGhees\"\" aired weekly on the Oprah Winfrey Network from December 15, 2012, to January 5, 2013. The second season of \"\"6 Little McGhees\"\" premiered on September 7, 2013, and concluded on October 26, 2013. Three previously unaired episodes were broadcast back-to-back on December 28, 2013. Season 3 premiered on the Oprah Winfrey Network on Saturday September 6, 2014. 6 Little McGhees 6 Little McGhees (sometimes rendered in listings as Six Little McGhees) is an American", "title": "6 Little McGhees" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.56, "text": "Newlyweds: The First Year Newlyweds: The First Year is an American reality television series that premiered on May 6, 2013, on Bravo. The series chronicles the lives of four newly married couples from across the country. It follows the duos from their actual wedding day until their one-year anniversary, highlighting everything that occurs in between. None of the couples ever meet but viewers see the commonalities between their married lives. On October 7, 2013, the series was renewed for a second season. In April 2014, Bravo announced the third season renewal with both seasons airing in late 2014 and 2015.", "title": "Newlyweds: The First Year" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.48, "text": "TLC announced a spin-off series – \"\"\"\". It chronicles Matt and Amy as they jump-start their wedding business on the farm. The series premiered on November 13, 2012, and ran for six episodes. It was announced in October 2013 that \"\"Little People, Big World\"\" would return for a seventh season. Season seven consists of eight episodes, and premiered on October 29, 2013. An eighth season began on September 2, 2014, and a ninth season began on July 6, 2015. The show was renewed for a tenth season which premiered in fall 2016. As of 2018, the show has aired for", "title": "Little People, Big World" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.42, "text": "potential 2015 season premiere. The show was introduced at a Licensing Expo on June 17, 2014. The show is the first Fisher Price brand done by newly acquired (2012) Hit. The show debut on weekday schedule on Universal Kids on March 7, 2016 and March 1st in Canada on Family Jr. Cartoon Network UK's sister preschool channel Cartoonito premiered the Little People TV series on April 11, 2016. Each airs in a 15-minute block and is 11 minutes without commercial breaks. Official number TBA: Number identified: Each airs with the episodes divided into two-eleven minute episode segments. The Adventure Song", "title": "Little People (TV series)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.28, "text": "Season three officially begins on 9 April, with two additional couples upon the departure of Yonghwa & Seohyun, as well as a new format. Park Hwi-sun and K.Will are added for Season 3 to the cast as MCs. Couple List Couple List In late March 2010, MBC stopped broadcast of new episodes due to labour strikes, with repeats airing instead. This event, compounded with the ROKS Cheonan sinking incident, which caused cancellation of most variety shows at the time, resulted in a backlog of footage for the couples Jo Kwon & Gain and Yonghwa & Seohyun. This resulted in the", "title": "We Got Married" } ]

[ "6ft 1in" ]

[ { "hasanswer": true, "score": 24.69, "text": "won him three BAFTA awards. Roles in bigger films followed; the James Bond films \"\"GoldenEye\"\" (1995) and \"\"The World Is Not Enough\"\" (1999), a supporting role in \"\"From Hell\"\" (2001), as well as half-giant Rubeus Hagrid in the \"\"Harry Potter\"\" films (2001–2011). J. K. Rowling, author of the Harry Potter series, had Coltrane at the top of her list to play Hagrid and, when asked whom she would like to see in the role, responded \"\"Robbie Coltrane for Hagrid\"\" in one quick breath. There is also an unnamed 8ft actor who stands in for the 6ft 1in Coltrane in some", "title": "Robbie Coltrane" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.97, "text": "calculating angular size is as follows: in which \"\"θ\"\" is the subtended angle, \"\"h\"\" is the actual size of the object and \"\"D\"\" is the distance from the lens to the object. Forced perspective has been employed to create dwarfs and giants in film, such as Hagrid, the half-giant in the \"\"Harry Potter\"\" series, and hobbits in the \"\"Lord of the Rings\"\" series. In reality, there is only a 5-inch height difference between Elijah Wood, 5′6″, and Ian McKellen, 5′11″, the actors playing Frodo and Gandalf in \"\"The Lord of the Rings\"\" films; however, the use of camera angles and", "title": "Forced perspective" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.64, "text": "in an isolated region east of Belarus. Giants range in height from twenty to twenty-five feet (6 to 7.5 metres), and have skin similar to rhinoceros hide, which grants them limited immunity to magical attacks. Their society is loosely governed by a chief called a Gurg, who spends most of his time demanding food from his underlings. Voldemort has employed giants in his attacks, after convincing them that he can offer them a better life; whereas Hagrid reveals in \"\"Order of the Phoenix\"\" that he and Madame Maxime went to try and persuade the Giants to take part in the", "title": "Magical creatures in Harry Potter" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.72, "text": "Coltrane, assisting him in preparing for the role. She also stated that \"\"Robbie is just perfect for Hagrid because Hagrid is a very loveable character, quite likeable, quite comic [...] but he had to have – you really do have to sense – a certain toughness underneath [...] and I think Robbie does that perfectly.\"\" Former English rugby union player Martin Bayfield portrayed Hagrid as a stunt performer in longer shots due to his large size to emphasise Hagrid’s height. Bayfield also appeared as a young Hagrid in \"\"Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets\"\". In \"\"Philosopher’s Stone\"\", Hagrid is", "title": "Rubeus Hagrid" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 21.22, "text": "several IMAX screens. The world premiere of the film took place in London, England on 6 November 2005. One of the features of the premiere was an animatronic, fire-breathing Hungarian Horntail. The 40-foot-long dragon, used during the scene where Hagrid leads Harry into the forest a night before the first task, was designed and built by the film's special effects supervisor John Richardson and creature effects & makeup supervisor Nick Dudman. The film was released on DVD in North America on 7 March 2006. It was available in one- and two-disc editions, as well as part of an 8-disc box", "title": "Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (film)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.97, "text": "mentioned as being twice as tall as the average man and nearly five times as wide but in the film, he is portrayed as being and in later books he is said to be three times as wide. Hagrid is known for his thick West Country accent. Being a half-giant, he is less vulnerable to jinxes and spells than full-humans. In \"\"Order of the Phoenix\"\", when Umbridge and some other wizards come to remove him from Hogwarts he fights back. They try to jinx and stun him, but the spells just bounce off him because of giant-inherited resistance to magic.", "title": "Rubeus Hagrid" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.33, "text": "the Phoenix\"\", many of the stunning spells thrown at him by Ministry officials simply bounce off him. Also, being half-giant gives Hagrid some level of superhuman strength, which allowed him to bend the barrel of a shotgun with one hand. Grawp is the giant half-brother of Hagrid. Grawp and Hagrid were born of the same mother, the giantess Fridwulfa. Grawp is about tall, which Hagrid claims is small for a giant. His knuckles are the size of cricket balls (~225 mm in circumference). The other giants were bullying Grawp, and this is a factor in Hagrid’s decision to bring him", "title": "Rubeus Hagrid" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20.03, "text": "alike. Hagrid was expelled from Hogwarts in his third year for possession of the Acromantula Aragog who was thought by Hogwarts teachers to be the monster in the Chamber of Secrets. In the \"\"Harry Potter\"\" universe, a Basilisk is a monstrous serpentine creature. Larger than its mythical counterpart, the Basilisk in the \"\"Harry Potter\"\" universe is capable of reaching a length up to fifty feet and living up to hundreds of years. Basilisks are uncontrollable except by Parselmouths, and the first basilisk is believed to have been created by a Greek Dark wizard and Parselmouth named Herpo The Foul. Herpo", "title": "Magical creatures in Harry Potter" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 20, "text": "in my head of the huge gigantic Hagrid walking through the forest crying with Harry in his arms\"\". Nineteen years after Voldemort’s defeat, Hagrid is still at Hogwarts and invites Harry and Ginny Weasley's second son Albus Severus Potter to his hut for tea, just as he had once done for Harry himself, implying that he and Harry are still close. During an interview in 2007, when asked if Hagrid did marry, Rowling answered that Hagrid developed a relationship with a giantess but it did not work out. Scottish actor Robbie Coltrane has portrayed Hagrid in all of the film", "title": "Rubeus Hagrid" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 19.92, "text": "in British TV series such as \"\"Shameless\"\" and \"\"Early Doors\"\". Actor, comedian and author Robbie Coltrane, widely known for his role as Rubeus Hagrid in the \"\"Harry Potter\"\" series of films, is another BAFTA Award-winning actor from Scotland. He was voted 6th in a poll to find the 'most famous Scot' and placed 10th in ITV's list of \"\"TV's Greatest Stars.\"\" David Tennant is a multi award-winning Scottish actor best known for his role in \"\"Doctor Who\"\" as the 10th incarnation of the Doctor. He has also featured in numerous other television shows, movies, theatre productions and radio dramas. Kelly", "title": "Cinema of Scotland" } ]

[ "dispense summary justice" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.84, "text": "role, JPs serve as visiting justices of Singapore prisons, mediators or referees in the subordinate courts. They may also solemnise marriages in the Registry of Marriages or perform the duties of the magistrate conferred on them by any written law. In Sri Lanka, Justice of the Peace (JP) is an honorary post, with authorization to witness and sign statutory declarations and affidavits as well as certify documents. Persons appointed as a Justice of the Peace may use the post-nominal JP. Current appointments are made under the \"\"Judicature Act No 02 of 1978\"\", by the Minister of Justice at his/her discretion", "title": "Justice of the peace" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.62, "text": "stature in the community who is authorized to witness and sign statutory declarations and affidavits as well as certify documents. They may also perform citizenship ceremonies and act as a Visiting Justice in prisons the function of which is to record a prisoner's grievance and decide on its validity. They have certain powers to issue search warrants, and (in conjunction with another justice of the peace) may try minor criminal trials in the district court and exercise powers to remand defendants in custody, grant bail, and adjourn court hearings. They are nominated for office by local Members of Parliament and", "title": "Justice of the peace" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.45, "text": "Commissioner cannot sign an Affidavit, in Ireland that function is performed by a Commissioner for Oaths. A justice of the peace (JP), according to the Ministry of Justice, is a person of unquestionable integrity who seeks to promote and protect the rights of the individual and helps to provide justice to persons in a particular community. Additionally, the JP serves as a justice in petty court sessions, attends juvenile court sessions, issues summonses, considers applications for bail, explains and signs legal documents, sits on licensing panels, and gives counsel/advice. Any Jamaican citizen that can speak and write English is eligible", "title": "Justice of the peace" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.16, "text": "presiding justice of the peace. Administrative justice of the peace are court officers appointed by the Minister of Justice, and perform duties such as receiving criminal informations and issuing warrants. Presiding justice of the peace are appointed by commission under the Great Seal, and can try some criminal matters and issue warrants. They are appointed from advocates of at least ten years' standing and serve full-time until the age of 70. In Yukon, justices of the peace are lay officers of the court. They sit in the Justice of the Peace Court, which is part of the Territorial Court of", "title": "Justice of the peace" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.09, "text": "Yukon. In Hong Kong, the historical functions of justices of the peace have been replaced by full-time, legally qualified magistrates. Nowadays, justices of the peace are essentially titles of honour given by the Government to community leaders, and to certain officials while they are in their terms of offices. They have no judicial functions, and their main duties include visiting prisons, institutions for young offenders and drug addicts, psychiatric hospitals, remand homes, places of refuge, reception and detention centres, administering statutory declarations, and serving as members of advisory panels. In India, justices of the peace do exist, but they no", "title": "Justice of the peace" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.81, "text": "preside over cases within the prison system. In Belgium, the justice of the peace (, ) is a law-trained judge who sits the lowest Court of record with original jurisdiction over small claims (less than €2500) matters of civil, commercial, and family law, including: tenancy and lease disputes, neighborhood disputes (party structures, trespassing, noise pollution), apartment buildings, small deceased estates, alimony, guardianships & adoption, and the commitment of mental patients and oversight of their care. Litigants may opt either for conciliation or trial. Lawyers may act as \"\"locum tenens\"\" JPs. In Canada, justices of the peace play a role in", "title": "Justice of the peace" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.62, "text": "\"\"justice of the peace (qualified)\"\" has the additional powers to issue search warrants and arrest warrants and, in conjunction with another justice of the peace (qualified) constitute a magistrates' court for exercising powers to remand defendants in custody, grant bail, and adjourn court hearings. Some justices are appointed as justice of the peace (magistrates' court), usually in remote aboriginal communities, to perform many of the functions that might otherwise fall to a stipendiary magistrate. In Queensland, a lawyer may be appointed as a Justice of the Peace without further education or qualification and has the full powers of a JP", "title": "Justice of the peace" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.62, "text": "with sureties to be of good behaviour towards The Crown and people of the realm, and set fines, specifying the fine should be 'reasonable and just' according to the circumstances of the offence. The role of Justice of the Peace, now often known as Magistrates, originates from the Justices of the Peace Act 1361. The powers and responsibilities of them have altered over their long history. A Justice of the Peace held powerful sentencing powers such as hanging, whipping and penal transportation. Justices' of the Peace gained an array of duties such as dealing with local infrastructure such as roads", "title": "Justices of the Peace Act 1361" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 23.56, "text": "Justice of the peace A justice of the peace (JP) is a judicial officer of a lower or \"\"puisne\"\" court, elected or appointed by means of a commission (letters patent) to keep the peace. In past centuries the term commissioner of the peace was often used with the same meaning. Depending on the jurisdiction, such justices dispense summary justice or merely deal with local administrative applications in common law jurisdictions. Justices of the peace are appointed or elected from the citizens of the jurisdiction in which they serve, and are (or were) usually not required to have any formal legal", "title": "Justice of the peace" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.41, "text": "them not reintegration back into their communities as peaceful citizens. The Act defined who was eligible to become a Justice of the Peace, their duties and their powers. It detailed that each County assigned a Lord and three of four worthy people to become Justices of the Peace. The role of a Justice of the Peace was to deal with 'offenders, rioters, and all other barators'. It empowered them to apprehend, arrest, and punish them, in accordance with the ' law and customs of the realm'. The Act empowered a Justice of the Peace to imprison offenders, bind them over", "title": "Justices of the Peace Act 1361" } ]

[ "Rocky" ]

[ { "hasanswer": true, "score": 24.38, "text": "Oscars, \"\"Spotlight\"\" was the first film since 1952's \"\"The Greatest Show on Earth\"\" to win Best Picture with only one other award. Alejandro G. Iñárritu became the third individual to win two consecutive Oscars for Best Director. By virtue of his previous nomination for his portrayal of the titular character in 1976's \"\"Rocky\"\", Best Supporting Actor nominee Sylvester Stallone was the sixth person to be nominated for playing the same role in two different films. At the age of 87, Ennio Morricone was believed to be the oldest competitive winner in Oscar history. Having previously won for \"\"Gravity\"\" and \"\"Birdman\"\",", "title": "88th Academy Awards" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.3, "text": "Nicholson, who won the Academy Award for Best Actor. Douglas won the Award for Best Picture for producing the film. After leaving \"\"Streets of San Francisco\"\" in 1976, Douglas played a hospital doctor in the medical thriller \"\"Coma\"\" (1978), and in 1979 he played the role of a troubled marathon runner in \"\"Running\"\". In 1979, he both produced and starred in \"\"The China Syndrome\"\", a dramatic film co-starring Jane Fonda and Jack Lemmon about a nuclear power plant accident (the Three Mile Island accident took place 12 days after the film's release). The film was considered \"\"one of the most", "title": "Michael Douglas" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.3, "text": "Visual Effects, Best Makeup, and Best Film Editing. Heath Ledger was the first posthumous winner of the Best Supporting Actor award, and only the second posthumous acting winner ever (Peter Finch posthumously won the Best Actor award for his performance in the 1976 film \"\"Network\"\"). In addition, Ledger's win marked the first win in any of the major Oscar categories (producing, directing, acting, or writing) for a superhero-based film. Notably, Richard King's win in the Sound Editing category blocked a complete awards sweep of the evening by the eventual Best Picture winner, \"\"Slumdog Millionaire\"\". Although it did not receive a", "title": "The Dark Knight (film)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.27, "text": "won Oscars for Best Director and Best Picture. During the 1970s, he made an array of films that were mainly about loners, losers and people outside the clean world, such as \"\"Sunday Bloody Sunday\"\" (1971), \"\"The Day of the Locust\"\" (1975), \"\"Marathon Man\"\" (1976) and \"\"Yanks\"\" (1979). Later, came the major box office and critical failure of \"\"Honky Tonk Freeway\"\" (1981), followed by films that attracted mixed responses from the public, and few dollars, although\"\" The Falcon and the Snowman\"\" (1985) made money and \"\"Pacific Heights\"\" (1990) was a box-office hit. In Britain, he did better with films like \"\"Madame", "title": "John Schlesinger" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.22, "text": "hairdresser/producer boyfriend, Jon Peters, all over it.\"\" The film won the Academy Award for Best Original Song for \"\"Evergreen\"\" with the award shared by its songwriters, Streisand and Paul Williams, and was also nominated in the categories of Best Cinematography (Robert Surtees), Best Sound (Robert Knudson, Dan Wallin, Robert Glass and Tom Overton) and Original Song Score (Roger Kellaway). It won five Golden Globe Awards for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy (Streisand), Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy (Kristofferson), Best Original Score (Paul Williams and Kenny Ascher) and", "title": "A Star Is Born (1976 film)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 24.2, "text": "ceremony on March 5, 2006. Several notable achievements by multiple individuals and films occurred during the ceremony. \"\"Crash\"\" was the first Best Picture winner since 1976's \"\"Rocky\"\" to win only three Oscars. Best Director winner Ang Lee became the first non-Caucasian winner of that category. For this first time since the 34th ceremony held in 1962, all four acting winners were first-time nominees. Best Supporting Actor winner George Clooney was the fifth person to receive acting, directing, and screenwriting nominations in the same year and the first person to achieve this feat for two different films. By virtue of his", "title": "78th Academy Awards" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.81, "text": "Mexico. \"\"Letters from Marusia\"\" was nominated for Best Foreign Film at the 1976 Oscars and \"\"Canoa\"\" won Picture of the Year 1976 in Mexico City. Gonzalo Gavira Gonzalo Gavira (October 30, 1925 – January 9, 2005) was a Mexican movie sound technician. He formed part of the team that won an Oscar for the movie \"\"The Exorcist\"\" in 1973. Outside of Mexico he worked on more than 60 other films, including the disaster movie \"\"The Towering Inferno\"\" and western \"\"El Topo\"\", as well as Sergio Leone's \"\"The Good, The Bad, And The Ugly\"\". While working in the United States he", "title": "Gonzalo Gavira" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.67, "text": "1976 FAMAS Awards The 24th Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences Awards Night was held in 1976. This is for the Outstanding Achievements of the different films for the year 1975. \"\"Maynila.. Sa Kuko ng Liwanag\"\" of Cinema Artist was the most nominated with eleven (11) nominations and the most awarded with 9 wins including FAMAS Award for Best Picture and the Best Director for Lino Brocka. This is the second year in a row for Brocka to win both Best Director and his film as Best Picture. This year, FAMAS elevated five (5) individuals to Hall of Famer", "title": "1976 FAMAS Awards" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.61, "text": "titanic figure the likes of which the movie industry will not see again\"\" Spiegel won the Academy Award for Best Picture for Elia Kazan's \"\"On the Waterfront\"\" and a further two times for his two collaborations with British director David Lean, \"\"The Bridge on the River Kwai\"\" (1957) and \"\"Lawrence of Arabia\"\" (1962). In 1963, he was awarded the Irving Thalberg Memorial Award at that year's Academy Awards for his many contributions to cinema. American actress Theresa Russell alleged that she was sexually propositioned by Spiegel during her first casting session for his 1976 film \"\"The Last Tycoon\"\". In another", "title": "Sam Spiegel" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 23.59, "text": "Oscar for Best Cinematography that year. It was then used in extensive running and chase scenes on the streets of New York City in \"\"Marathon Man\"\" (1976), which was released two months before \"\"Bound for Glory\"\". It landed a notable third credit in Avildsen's Best Picture–winning \"\"Rocky\"\" in 1976, where it was an integral part of the film's Philadelphia street jogging/training sequences and the run up the Art Museum's flight of stairs, as well as the fight scenes where it can even be plainly seen in operation at the ringside during some wide shots of the final fight. \"\"Rocky\"\" was", "title": "Steadicam" } ]

[ "Bart Cummings" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.69, "text": "successful trainer in New Zealand, however, at the time women were not allowed to compete as trainers in Australia so her husband's name was officially recorded as the winning trainer. The 2001 edition was won by New Zealand mare Ethereal, trained by Sheila Laxon, the first woman to formally train a Melbourne Cup winner. She also won the Caulfield Cup, a 2,400 metre race also held in Melbourne, and therefore has won the \"\"Cups Double\"\". Maree Lyndon became the first female to ride in the Melbourne Cup, when she partnered Argonaut Style in 1987, in which she ran second last", "title": "Melbourne Cup" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.39, "text": "Bart Cummings won his fifth Melbourne Cup in 1975. Bart Cummings, regarded as the best Australian horse trainer of all time, went on to win 12 Melbourne Cups to 2008. In 1883, the hardy New Zealand bred, Martini-Henry won the VRC Derby, the Melbourne Cup and on the following Monday retained his undefeated record by winning Mares' Produce Stakes. Phar Lap, the most famous horse in the world of his day, won the 1930 Melbourne Cup at 11/8 odds on, the shortest priced favourite in the history of the race. He had to be hidden away at Geelong before the", "title": "Melbourne Cup" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.14, "text": "2014 Melbourne Cup The 2014 Emirates Melbourne Cup was the 154th running of the Melbourne Cup, Australia's most prestigious Thoroughbred horse race. The race, run over 3,200 metres, was held on 4 November 2014, at Flemington Racecourse in Melbourne. Protectionist, ridden by Ryan Moore and trained by German Andreas Wöhler, won the race by four lengths, becoming the first German-trained winner of the Melbourne Cup. Red Cadeaux placed second and Who Shot Thebarman third, with Red Cadeaux the first horse to place second on three occasions. The total prize money for the race was A$6.2 million, with the winner receiving", "title": "2014 Melbourne Cup" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.09, "text": "1862, and later trained a further three winners: \"\"Tim Whiffler\"\" (1867); \"\"Chester\"\" (1877); and \"\"Calamia\"\" (1878). He set a training record for Melbourne Cup winners which was finally broken by Bart Cummings in 1977. De Mestre also trained many other feature race winners including two AJC and two VRC Derbies and an Epsom Handicap. In recognition of his outstanding achievements, Etienne de Mestre was inducted into the Australian Racing Hall of Fame part of the Australian Racing Museum on 12 September 1992. One could best describe Etienne de Mestre as the \"\"Bart Cummings\"\" (the greatest of all Australian Racehorse trainers)", "title": "Etienne L. de Mestre" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.02, "text": "Sylvanite, Titan, The Bride, Thrice, Trey, Trillion, Uncle Matt, Thrice, United States, Wolowa, Widgiewa, Wycherley, Bitalli, Clean Sweep, King Ingoda and Trivalve; these last four being Melbourne Cup winners. He set a record, which still stands, for the greatest number of Victoria Derby wins: in 1900, 1901, 1903, 1904, 1908, 1912, 1927, and 1937, \"\"Bobbie\"\" Lewis being the jockey in each year except 1903. Lewis rode four Melbourne Cup winners: The Victory (1902), Patrobas (1915), Artilleryman (1919) and Trivalve (1927), only the last being trained by Scobie. Lewis was later the object of suspicion when he rode the previously unbeaten", "title": "James Scobie (horseman)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.95, "text": "these legends, however, can definitely be disproved, and history had to wait nearly another 100 years. The first jockey of Indigenous heritage to ride a Melbourne Cup winner was Frank Reys in 1973 on Gala Supreme, who had a Filipino father and a half-Aboriginal mother. The race has undergone several alterations in recent years, the most visible being the entry of many foreign-trained horses. Most have failed to cope with the conditions; the three successful \"\"foreign raids\"\" include two by Irish trainer Dermot K. Weld successful in 1993 and 2002, and one in 2006 by Katsumi Yoshida of Japan's renowned", "title": "Melbourne Cup" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.69, "text": "2013 Melbourne Cup The 2013 Emirates Melbourne Cup was the 153rd running of the Melbourne Cup, Australia's most prestigious Thoroughbred horse race. The race, held on 5 November 2013, at Flemington Racecourse in Melbourne, Victoria, was won by Fiorente. The horse, owned by Andrew Roberts, was bred in Ireland, trained in Australia by Gai Waterhouse, and ridden by jockey Damien Oliver. It was Oliver's third victory in the event, after previous wins in 1995 and 2002, and his first start after a ten-month ban for a betting offence. Waterhouse, the daughter of Tommy J. Smith, who trained winners in 1955", "title": "2013 Melbourne Cup" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 24.67, "text": "winning a BMW, an Australian Cup and a Cox Plate with her. Freedman's greatest training achievement is winning the 2004 and 2005 Melbourne Cup's with 'The Diva', taking her to a total of three wins in the Cup, which has never been done in more than 150 years of the race. Makybe Diva was retired after winning her third Melbourne Cup in November 2005. As of 2006 Freedman is regarded as Victoria's premier horse trainer, and along with Bart Cummings, Gai Waterhouse, David Hayes and John Hawkes, among Australia's best. In the 2006-7 season the Freedman-trained sprinter Miss Andretti won", "title": "Lee Freedman" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.66, "text": "Melbourne Cups, he won the Caulfield Cup seven times, the Golden Slipper Stakes four times, the Cox Plate five times, the VRC Oaks nine times and the Newmarket Handicap eight times. He also won the Australian Cup thirteen times. In 1965, 1966, 1974, 1975, and 1991, Cummings trained both the first and second placed horses in the Melbourne Cup. In all, Cummings won twelve Melbourne Cups with eleven horses: In February 2016 the Victoria Racing Club unveiled a precinct in honour of Cummings at Flemington Racecourse to be named Saintly Place. The Chairman said, We’re extremely pleased that Bart endorsed", "title": "Bart Cummings" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.52, "text": "Etienne L. de Mestre Etienne Livingston de Mestre (9 April 1832 – 22 October 1916), was a 19th-century Australian breeder and jockey of Thoroughbred racehorses, was Australia's first outstanding racehorse trainer. In his 30-year career he experienced all the highs and the lows of the turf in a career which ended with him dependent on donations from racing friends. With the five wins de Mestre achieved in the Cup's first 18 years, he held the record for training the most Melbourne Cup winners for nearly 100 years. De Mestre won the first two Melbourne Cups with \"\"Archer\"\" in 1861 and", "title": "Etienne L. de Mestre" } ]

[ "Dollree Mapp" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.11, "text": "Mapp v. Ohio Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643 (1961), was a landmark case in criminal procedure, in which the United States Supreme Court decided that evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment, which protects against \"\"unreasonable searches and seizures,\"\" may not be used in state law criminal prosecutions in state courts, as well as in federal criminal law prosecutions in federal courts as had previously been the law. The Supreme Court accomplished this by use of a principle known as selective incorporation; in \"\"Mapp\"\" this involved the incorporation of the provisions, as interpreted by the Court, of the", "title": "Mapp v. Ohio" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 24.52, "text": "Fourth Amendment which is applicable only to actions of the federal government into the Fourteenth Amendment due process clause which is applicable to actions of the states. Dollree Mapp was an employee in the illegal gambling rackets dominated by Cleveland rackets kingpin Shon Birns. On May 23, 1957, police officers in Cleveland, Ohio, received an anonymous tip by phone that Virgil Ogletree, a numbers operator who was wanted for questioning in the bombing of rival numbers racketeer and future boxing promoter Don King's home three days earlier, might be found at Mapp's house, as well as illegal betting slips and", "title": "Mapp v. Ohio" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.09, "text": "shakedown of Don King, she was prosecuted for possession of the books, found guilty at a 1958 trial of \"\"knowingly having had in her possession and under her control certain lewd and lascivious books, pictures, and photographs in violation of 2905.34 of Ohio's Revised Code\"\", and sentenced to one to seven years in prison. Mapp then appealed her case to the Supreme Court, on the grounds that the police had no probable cause to suspect her of having the books. She stated that the 4th Amendment should be incorporated to the state and local level. She argued that the police", "title": "Mapp v. Ohio" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24, "text": "the Ohio statute concerning obscenity, under which Mapp had been convicted, violated the First Amendment. The three dissenting Justices would have adhered to the Court's contrary prior holding in \"\"Wolf v. Colorado\"\", 338 U.S. 25 (1949), which declined to apply the exclusionary rule to the states. She was convicted in 1999 Mapp v. Ohio Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643 (1961), was a landmark case in criminal procedure, in which the United States Supreme Court decided that evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment, which protects against \"\"unreasonable searches and seizures,\"\" may not be used in state law criminal", "title": "Mapp v. Ohio" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.7, "text": "equipment employed in the \"\"California Gold\"\" numbers operation set up by Mapp's boyfriend Edward Keeling. Three officers went to the home and asked for permission to enter, but Mapp, after consulting her lawyer by telephone, refused to admit them without a search warrant. Two officers left, and one remained, watching the house from across the street. Thirteen hours later, four cars full of police arrived and knocked on the door. When she didn't answer, they forced the door. Mapp asked to see the alleged warrant and was shown a piece of paper which she snatched away from an officer, putting", "title": "Mapp v. Ohio" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.56, "text": "the apartment of the downstairs tenant, Minerva Tate. In the search of Mapp's apartment and in a footlocker in the basement of the house police found a quantity of \"\"California Gold\"\" betting slips and paraphernalia. They also found a pistol and a small number of pornographic books and pictures which Mapp stated a previous tenant named Morris Jones had left behind. Mapp was arrested, charged, and cleared on a misdemeanor charge of possessing numbers paraphernalia; but several months later, after she refused to testify against Shon Birns, Edward Keeling and their associates at their trial that October for the attempted", "title": "Mapp v. Ohio" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.55, "text": "it inside her dress. The officers struggled with Mapp and recovered the piece of paper which was not seen by her or her lawyers again, and was not introduced as evidence in any of the ensuing court proceedings. When asked about the warrant during oral argument at the Supreme Court, the Cleveland prosecutor arguing the case cautiously deflected the question, which the court did not press. As the search of Mapp's second-floor, two-bedroom apartment began, police handcuffed her for being belligerent. The police searched the house thoroughly and discovered Ogletree, who was subsequently cleared on the bombing charge, hiding in", "title": "Mapp v. Ohio" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.16, "text": "couldn't use the books as evidence in the trial because they were found without a warrant and therefore illegally recovered. Mapp was the first to call upon this law, which created precedent for future cases. The U.S. Supreme Court voted 6-3 in favor of Mapp. The Court overturned the conviction, and five Justices held that the states were bound to exclude evidence seized in violation of the Fourth Amendment. This majority decision applied the exclusionary rule to the states. Justice Potter Stewart, concurring in the result, expressed \"\"no view as to the merits of the\"\" exclusionary rule, but concurred because", "title": "Mapp v. Ohio" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.81, "text": "interrogation. Clark also authored the Court's landmark decision in \"\"Mapp v. Ohio\"\", which broadened the Fourth Amendment's prohibition on the prosecution's use of improperly seized evidence, known as the exclusionary rule, to include state prosecutions. Clark's law enforcement background actually led him to support this approach, because he believed that having a states attorney and a federal prosecutor operating under the same system would ensure that police would be more disciplined and that it would actually lower the risk of evidence being disallowed. Clark demonstrated this progressive understanding right up through his final day on the bench, writing \"\"Berger v.", "title": "Tom C. Clark" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.75, "text": "for the Fourth Amendment”. Mapp refused to let officers into her home without a search warrant which led to the \"\"Mapp vs. Ohio\"\" case. The case decided that evidence seized illegally from criminal prosecution to be thrown out. The Bedford NY Prison Riot opened many doors for women in the prison system all over the world. Following the prison riot the women filed and won the lawsuit \"\"Powell v. Ward\"\". This lawsuit ended in a legally binding pledge by prison guards to conduct disciplinary proceedings fairly, to only send truly mentally-ill prisoners to psychiatric hospitals, and with a monitory award", "title": "August Rebellion" } ]

[ "Zoe", "Little Mo", "Lynne" ]

[ { "hasanswer": true, "score": 26.88, "text": "Kat Slater Kathleen \"\"Kat\"\" Moon (also Slater) is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera \"\"EastEnders\"\", played by Jessie Wallace. She was also played by Kate Peck in a flashback in 2001. Kat is the daughter of Viv Slater and Charlie Slater (Derek Martin), and arrived with her sisters Lynne Hobbs (Elaine Lordan) and Little Mo Morgan (Kacey Ainsworth). Her daughter Zoe Slater (Michelle Ryan) is initially believed to be her sister as well until Kat reveals she was raped by her uncle Harry Slater (Michael Elphick) as a child. She later marries Alfie Moon (Shane Richie). It is", "title": "Kat Slater" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.72, "text": "Discussing the character's death, Digital Spy's Kris Green praised Crace's acting. He compared Danielle's revelation that Ronnie was her mother to the \"\"EastEnders\"\" storyline several years previously, when Kat Slater (Jessie Wallace) revealed she was actually the mother of her supposed sister Zoe (Michelle Ryan). Green opined: \"\"Although it didn't quite capture the magic of [the Kat-Zoe scene] it definitely comes an \"\"extremely\"\" close second.\"\" He concluded: \"\"I'd probably go as far as to say that it's one of the best episodes \"\"EastEnders\"\" has produced in a long time\"\". The episode was selected as recommended viewing by \"\"The Guardian\"\" Sarah", "title": "Danielle Jones (EastEnders)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.56, "text": "Zoe Slater Zoe Slater is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera \"\"EastEnders\"\", played by Michelle Ryan. She made her first appearance on 18 September 2000. After much speculation, Ryan decided to leave the role of Zoe and left on 24 June 2005. Zoe arrives in Walford along with her father, Charlie (Derek Martin), sisters Kat (Jessie Wallace), Lynne (Elaine Lordan) and Little Mo (Kacey Ainsworth), and grandmother Mo (Laila Morse). It later emerges that Zoe is in fact Kat's daughter, born after Kat was raped by her uncle Harry Slater (Michael Elphick), and was adopted by Kat's parents,", "title": "Zoe Slater" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.23, "text": "her friend Dot Cotton), the unveiling of Kat Slater's abuse by her uncle Harry as a child (which led to the birth of her daughter Zoe, who had been brought up to believe that Kat was her sister), the domestic abuse of Little Mo Morgan by husband Trevor (which involved rape and culminated in Trevor's death after he tried to kill Little Mo in a fire), Sonia Jackson giving birth at the age of 15 and then putting her baby up for adoption, and Janine Butcher's prostitution, agoraphobia and drug addiction. The soap also tackled the issue of mental illness", "title": "EastEnders" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.08, "text": "Slater family (EastEnders) The Slater family are a fictional family from the BBC soap opera \"\"EastEnders\"\", that have appeared since episode 1997, first broadcast in September 2000. The family are introduced as a central family unit consisting of father Charlie Slater (Derek Martin), grandmother Mo Harris (Laila Morse), Charlie's daughters, Kat Slater (Jessie Wallace), Lynne Slater (Elaine Lordan), Little Mo Morgan (Kacey Ainsworth) and Zoe Slater (Michelle Ryan), and Lynne's partner Garry Hobbs (Ricky Groves). A fifth sister, Belinda Peacock (Leanne Lakey), was introduced a year later. The family were the eighth to be introduced in the soap's history, replacing", "title": "Slater family (EastEnders)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25, "text": "ends of the country, and in some cases beyond.\"\" Slater family (EastEnders) The Slater family are a fictional family from the BBC soap opera \"\"EastEnders\"\", that have appeared since episode 1997, first broadcast in September 2000. The family are introduced as a central family unit consisting of father Charlie Slater (Derek Martin), grandmother Mo Harris (Laila Morse), Charlie's daughters, Kat Slater (Jessie Wallace), Lynne Slater (Elaine Lordan), Little Mo Morgan (Kacey Ainsworth) and Zoe Slater (Michelle Ryan), and Lynne's partner Garry Hobbs (Ricky Groves). A fifth sister, Belinda Peacock (Leanne Lakey), was introduced a year later. The family were the", "title": "Slater family (EastEnders)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 24.22, "text": "made about a long-established and well-liked character. Both characters were also easily removed from the family, with Trevor dying in a fire, and Harry exiled to Spain where he died from a heart attack. Between July 2004 and May 2006, each original Slater sister departed the series. Lynne became the first original Slater character to leave the series after executive producer Louise Berridge decided not to renew Lordon's contract. Lynne departs after ending her marriage to Garry. After becoming pregnant in 2004, Wallace was confirmed to be taking maternity leave from the show. Despite this plans for Kat to leave", "title": "Slater family (EastEnders)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 24.09, "text": "husband, despising his treatment of her. Trevor frequently rows with her sister Kat Slater, and is attacked by her father Charlie (Derek Martin) when he learns that Trevor burned Little Mo's hand with an iron. When Little Mo finally leaves Trevor just after Christmas 2001, when she discovers he deleted a message from Zoe Slater (Michelle Ryan), he tries to win her back. She resists and he becomes violent, attempting to rape her again. Mo hits Trevor over the head with an iron in self-defence, knocking him unconscious. Mo believes she has killed him, but when she and her family", "title": "Trevor Morgan (EastEnders)" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.97, "text": "was later confirmed to be Stacey's half-brother. In May 2016, accredited actress Denise Welch appeared in one episode of the soap, episode 5276, as Kyle's mother Alison Slater, who has not seen him since his transition. On 3 April 2015, it was announced that Kat, Alfie and their children would be written out of the series to appear in a spin-off series centering around the characters. The spin-off contains six episodes and was announced to air in 2016. Treadwell-Collins created the drama and looked forward to developing the series. He explained that he wanted to \"\"take two of \"\"EastEnders\"\" most", "title": "Slater family (EastEnders)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 23.95, "text": "\"\"EastEnders\"\", also executive producer of \"\"Redwater\"\", Dominic Treadwell-Collins, said that two events in \"\"EastEnders\"\" serve as a catalyst for the series. In \"\"EastEnders\"\" episodes broadcast in April, May and December 2015 and January 2016, Kat and Alfie win the lottery, Alfie discovers he has a mass in his brain and Kat discovers she gave birth to a son, Luke, after she passed out during the birth of her daughter Zoe Slater (Michelle Ryan); Luke was adopted by a family in Ireland without Kat knowing he existed. Kat's sister Belinda Peacock (Carli Norris) recalls a time the family (minus Kat) went", "title": "Kat & Alfie: Redwater" } ]

[ "Mary Elizabeth Winstead", "Sebastian Koch", "Radivoje Bukvić", "Jai Courtney", "Bruce Willis", "Yuliya Snigir", "Sergei Kolesnikov" ]

[ { "hasanswer": true, "score": 26.08, "text": "A Good Day to Die Hard A Good Day to Die Hard is a 2013 American action thriller film and the fifth installment in the \"\"Die Hard\"\" film series. The film was directed by John Moore and written by Skip Woods, and stars Bruce Willis as John McClane. The main plot finds McClane travelling to Russia to get his estranged son, Jack, an undercover CIA agent, out of prison. He is soon caught in the crossfire of a global terrorist plot. Alongside Willis, the film also stars Jai Courtney, Cole Hauser, Yuliya Snigir and Sebastian Koch. Talks of a fifth", "title": "A Good Day to Die Hard" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.92, "text": "were cut from the Extended release. Sebastian Koch played the film's primary antagonist, Yuri Komarov, while Yuliya Snigir and Cole Hauser featured as secondary characters Irina and Collins. The cast was completed by actors Amaury Nolasco as a friend of McClane, Pasha D. Lychnikoff as a taxi driver, and Megalyn Echikunwoke, Anne Vyalitsyna, and Ivan Kamaras in smaller roles. Production began in Hungary in April 2012, with the capital Budapest standing in for Moscow. A military shooting range near Hajmáskér was used for shooting live ammunition, while vehicular stunts were shot at the Hungaroring, a Formula One racing circuit in", "title": "A Good Day to Die Hard" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 25.78, "text": "be \"\"A Good Day to Die Hard\"\"—with no further mention of any involvement from the \"\"24\"\" series—with a release date of February 14, 2013. Bruce Willis returned as John McClane, and has expressed a desire to shoot \"\"A Good Day to Die Hard\"\" and a sixth installment in the series before retiring the character. When casting the role of Jack McClane, the studios considered several actors, including Liam Hemsworth and James Badge Dale, before ultimately settling on Australian actor Jai Courtney. Mary Elizabeth Winstead also appeared in the film, reprising her role as McClane's daughter Lucy. However all her scenes", "title": "A Good Day to Die Hard" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 25.59, "text": "attack. Father and son survive by leaping off the building into a large pool of water, as the helicopter crashes and explodes, killing Irina. In the end, the McClanes return home and reunite with Lucy on the tarmac. Additional cast members include CIA operatives: Cole Hauser as Mike Collins and Aldis Hodge as Lt. Foxy. Amaury Nolasco appears as Murphy, an NYPD detective and McClane Jr.'s friend. Pasha D. Lychnikoff has a brief role as a Russian cab driver. Roman Luknár makes an appearance as Anton, a business associate of Chagarin. Ganxsta Zolee makes a brief cameo as a MRAP", "title": "A Good Day to Die Hard" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 24.2, "text": "Dumas appear as agents Bill Jarvis and Andrew Cross respectively. Aldis Hodge and Michael Alexander Jackson appear as Raymond and Dexter respectively, Zeus's nephews caught in the school bomb panic. Hodge later appeared in 2013's \"\"A Good Day to Die Hard\"\" as Lt. Foxy. Like most of the films in the series, the premise of this film was repurposed from a stand-alone project. Various scripts were written for \"\"Die Hard 3\"\"; a number of them were ultimately rejected by Bruce Willis on the grounds that they felt like retreads of the action movies that came in the wake of the", "title": "Die Hard with a Vengeance" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.72, "text": "Frears, about a Las Vegas cocktail waitress who becomes an elite professional gambler. The two films were distributed by Lionsgate Entertainment. Willis reprised his most famous role, John McClane, for a fifth time, starring in \"\"A Good Day to Die Hard\"\", which was released on February 14, 2013. In an interview, Willis said, \"\"I have a warm spot in my heart for \"\"Die Hard\"\"... it's just the sheer novelty of being able to play the same character over 25 years and still be asked back is fun. It's much more challenging to have to do a film again and try", "title": "Bruce Willis" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.7, "text": "Anthony, Jon Kull, Dana Niu, Rossana Galante, Andrew Kinny. The orchestra was conducted by Pete Anthony. The score was programmed by Buck Sanders, with additional music composed by Marcus Trumpp and Brandon Roberts. On January 31, 2013, 20th Century Fox held a special tribute to the 25th anniversary of the \"\"Die Hard\"\" series by unveiling a mural of a scene from \"\"Die Hard\"\" (1988) on Sound Stage 8 of the Fox Lot. Afterward, the premiere screening of \"\"A Good Day to Die Hard\"\" was shown. Two additional premieres were held in Europe leading up to the film's commercial release: one", "title": "A Good Day to Die Hard" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.52, "text": "driver. Production was formally announced in 2010, with \"\"\"\" and \"\"The A-Team\"\" writer Skip Woods confirmed as the film's screenwriter. Noam Murro was originally attached to direct the film but left production to direct the \"\"300\"\" prequel, \"\"\"\". John Moore was subsequently drafted in to replace him. The film was originally titled \"\"\"\"Die Hard 24/7\"\"\"\". The media speculated that the film would be a crossover between the \"\"Die Hard\"\" and \"\"24\"\" series, with Kiefer Sutherland to reprise his role as Jack Bauer alongside John McClane. This was never confirmed by the studio, and the film's title was later revealed to", "title": "A Good Day to Die Hard" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 23.42, "text": "the TV show.\"\" In June 2010, it was reported that plans were made to create a film titled \"\"Die Hard 24/7\"\", which would serve as a crossover between \"\"24\"\" and the \"\"Die Hard\"\" franchise, with Sutherland to reprise his role as Jack Bauer alongside Bruce Willis' John McClane. However, these plans never came to fruition, with the studio instead opting to create the film \"\"A Good Day to Die Hard\"\". In November 2010, executive producer Gordon revealed that a \"\"work in progress\"\" screenplay was being read by Fox, but that the film did not yet have a green-light or fixed", "title": "24 (TV series)" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 23.33, "text": "2013, he appeared in the film \"\"A Good Day to Die Hard\"\" starring Bruce Willis and Jai Courtney. He starred in \"\"The Marriage Pact\"\", and continued with guest starring on multiple shows, such as \"\"Resurrection\"\", \"\"Wayward Pines\"\" and \"\"\"\". Campbell guest starred in the fifth season mid-season finale of \"\"Suits\"\" where he played Father Sam Walker. Campbell has produced and directed several short films, the first in 2009 with \"\"Waiting for Jevetta\"\" which he co-directed and produced with Judith Benezra. In 2010 he produced the short film \"\"The Riverside Shuffle\"\". In 2011, Campbell co-produced and co-directed the short films \"\"Shooting", "title": "Scott Michael Campbell" } ]

[ "Bay of Montevideo" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.44, "text": "Even these hilly areas are remarkably featureless, however, and elevations seldom exceed 200 meters. The highest point, the Cerro Catedral (513 m), is located in the southeast of the country in the Cuchilla Grande mountain range. Uruguay is a water-rich land. Prominent bodies of water mark its limits on the east, south, and west, and even most of the boundary with Brazil follows small rivers. Lakes and lagoons are numerous, and a high water table makes digging wells easy. Three systems of rivers drain the land: rivers flow westward to the Río Uruguay, eastward to the Atlantic or tidal lagoons", "title": "Geography of Uruguay" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.47, "text": "Postage stamps and postal history of Uruguay This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Uruguay. Uruguay is located in the southeastern part of South America and has a population of over 3 million people, almost half of whom live in the capital Montevideo and its metropolitan area. Uruguay's only land border is with Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, to the north. To the west lies the Uruguay River, to the southwest lies the estuary of Río de la Plata, with Argentina only a short commute across the banks of either of these bodies of water,", "title": "Postage stamps and postal history of Uruguay" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.78, "text": "Geography of Uruguay Uruguay is a country in Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Argentina and Brazil. It is located in the Southern Hemisphere on the Atlantic seaboard of South America between 53 and 58 west longitude and 30 and 35 south latitude. It is bordered to the west by Argentina, on the north and northeast by Brazil, and on the southeast by the Atlantic Ocean, which makes up Uruguay’s coast. To the south, it fronts the Río de la Plata, a broad estuary that opens out into the South Atlantic. Montevideo, the capital and major port,", "title": "Geography of Uruguay" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.61, "text": "is the Yí River (Río Yí). The rivers flowing east to the Atlantic are generally shallower and have more variable flow than the other rivers. Many empty into lagoons in the coastal plain. The largest coastal lagoon, Laguna Merín, forms part of the border with Brazil. Six smaller lagoons, some freshwater and some brackish, line the coast farther south. Located entirely within the temperate zone, Uruguay has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa according to the Köppen climate classification) that is fairly uniform nationwide. Seasonal variations are pronounced, but extremes in temperature are rare. As would be expected by its abundance", "title": "Geography of Uruguay" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.58, "text": "sits on the banks of the Río de la Plata and is on approximately the same latitude as Cape Town and Sydney. Uruguay is the smallest Spanish-speaking nation in South America with a land area of and a water area of . Additionally, Uruguay is the world's only sovereign nation that does not extend north of the 30 degrees south latitude (if Nugent Island is considered New Zealand's northernmost point); accordingly, all other nations include at least some land further north than all points in Uruguay; making Uruguay the world most southernmost sovereign nation. Most of Uruguay is a rolling", "title": "Geography of Uruguay" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.55, "text": "de Francés. On the west coast of the lagoon are the hills Cerro Sanguinetti and Cerro Las Mojinetes. Laguna del Sauce Laguna del Sauce (Lagoon of the Willow) is the largest water body in the Maldonado Department of Uruguay. It is located west of Punta del Este. The lagoon covers and is long and wide. The stream Arroyo Pan de Azucar discharges into the southwest of the lagoon, while the streams Arroyo del Sauce and Arroyo Mallorquina discharge in its north and northwest. A stream called Arroyo Potrero at the south end of the lagoon empties the water into the", "title": "Laguna del Sauce" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.39, "text": "estuary. It is navigable from around Salto Chico. Its main tributary is the Río Negro, which is born in the south of Brazil and goes through Uruguay for 500 km until its confluence with the Uruguay River, which is located 100 km north of the Uruguay's confluence with the Río de la Plata, in Punta Gorda, Colonia Department, Uruguay. The river is crossed by five international bridges called (from north to south): Integration Bridge and Paso de los Libres-Uruguaiana International Bridge, between Argentina and Brazil; and the Salto Grande Bridge, General Artigas Bridge and Libertador General San Martín Bridge between", "title": "Uruguay River" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.34, "text": "Laguna del Sauce Laguna del Sauce (Lagoon of the Willow) is the largest water body in the Maldonado Department of Uruguay. It is located west of Punta del Este. The lagoon covers and is long and wide. The stream Arroyo Pan de Azucar discharges into the southwest of the lagoon, while the streams Arroyo del Sauce and Arroyo Mallorquina discharge in its north and northwest. A stream called Arroyo Potrero at the south end of the lagoon empties the water into the Río de la Plata at of the beach of Chihuahua. Any kind of non-motor powered water sports are", "title": "Laguna del Sauce" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.34, "text": "Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands <br>\"\"signed, but not ratified:\"\" Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation Geography of Uruguay Uruguay is a country in Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Argentina and Brazil. It is located in the Southern Hemisphere on the Atlantic seaboard of South America between 53 and 58 west longitude and 30 and 35 south latitude. It is bordered to the west by Argentina, on the north and northeast by Brazil, and on the southeast by the Atlantic Ocean, which makes up Uruguay’s coast. To the south, it fronts the Río de la Plata, a broad estuary", "title": "Geography of Uruguay" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.31, "text": "the Río Negro. The major internal river is the Río Negro ('Black River'). Several lagoons are found along the Atlantic coast. The highest point in the country is the Cerro Catedral, whose peak reaches AMSL in the \"\"Sierra Carapé\"\" hill range. To the southwest is the Río de la Plata, the estuary of the Uruguay River (which river forms the country's western border). Montevideo is the southernmost capital city in the Americas, and the third most southerly in the world (only Canberra and Wellington are further south). There are ten national parks in Uruguay: Five in the wetland areas of", "title": "Uruguay" } ]

[ "Super Bowl LII" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.67, "text": "Super Bowl XXXIX Super Bowl XXXIX was an American football game played between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2004 season. The Patriots defeated the Eagles by the score of 24–21. The game was played on February 6, 2005, at Alltel Stadium in Jacksonville, Florida, the first time the Super Bowl was played in that city. The Patriots, who entered the Super Bowl after compiling a 14–2 regular season record, became the first, and most recent (as of", "title": "Super Bowl XXXIX" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.25, "text": "Super Bowl XV Super Bowl XV was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Oakland Raiders and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1980 season. The Raiders defeated the Eagles by the score of 27–10, becoming the first wild card playoff team to win a Super Bowl. The game was played at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana, on January 25, 1981, five days after the Iran hostage crisis ended. The game was thus held under patriotic fervor, as the pregame ceremonies honored", "title": "Super Bowl XV" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.22, "text": "time in January, the Eagles were also trying to end a losing streak—teams in the city of Philadelphia had lost six straight championships during presidential inauguration years, beginning with the 76ers loss in . The streak included the Eagles in Super Bowl XV in 1981. 1989 was not included in that streak, but 1977, 1981, 1985 (Flyers), 1993 (Phillies), 1997 (Flyers), and 2001 (76ers) were. The game was televised in the United States by Fox, with play-by-play announcer Joe Buck and color commentators Cris Collinsworth and Troy Aikman. Pam Oliver (Patriots sideline) and Chris Myers (Eagles sideline) served as sideline", "title": "Super Bowl XXXIX" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.19, "text": "1980, under head coach Dick Vermeil, the Philadelphia Eagles, who had not played in a league championship since their 1960 NFL championship, advanced to their first ever Super Bowl. The Eagles were led by quarterback Ron Jaworski, who completed 257 out of 451 passes for 3,529 yards during the regular season, including 27 touchdowns and only 12 interceptions. Another key player on the Eagles offense was halfback Wilbert Montgomery, who was widely considered one of the top running backs in the NFL and had rushed for over 1,200 yards in each of the last two seasons. Injuries during the 1980", "title": "Super Bowl XV" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.08, "text": "to overcome numerous injuries, particularly to its defense, to reach the NFC Championship for the third year in a row, only to suffer a heartbreaking 14-3 loss against the Carolina Panthers. On January 23, 2005, the Eagles reached a fourth consecutive conference championship game (the first time this happened in the salary cap era of the NFL). At long last, the Eagles justified the hopes of their long-suffering fan base, defeating Michael Vick's much-hyped Atlanta Falcons, 27-10, sending them to their first Super Bowl in 24 years. The victory sent the city of Philadelphia into wild celebrations. With two Super", "title": "History of the Philadelphia Eagles" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.06, "text": "the Patriots' last hopes. The Philadelphia Eagles defeated the Patriots by a score of 41–33. Nick Foles also was named Super Bowl MVP after the game. With this win, the Eagles finally won their first Super Bowl, and their first NFL title since 1960. A Super Bowl victory parade took place four days later on February 8. 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season The 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season was the franchise's 85th season in the National Football League, the 15th playing their home games at Lincoln Financial Field, and the second under head coach Doug Pederson. The Eagles improved their 7–9 record", "title": "2017 Philadelphia Eagles season" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.03, "text": "the Oakland Raiders in the Super Bowl one week later, is consistently rated as the one of the worst in Philadelphia sports history. 2002 Philadelphia Eagles season The 2002 Philadelphia Eagles season was their 70th in the National Football League. The team improved upon their previous output of eleven wins, going 12–4 and making the playoffs for the third consecutive year. This is also their last season playing at The Vet. The Eagles' record gave the team a tie for the best record in the NFL, and due to tie-breakers, gave them the number-one seed in the NFC, a first-round", "title": "2002 Philadelphia Eagles season" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.88, "text": "on December 28, 2008 and advanced to the playoffs. The Eagles then defeated the Minnesota Vikings 26-14 in the first round of the playoffs on January 4, 2009. They defeated their division rival and the defending Super Bowl champions the New York Giants 23-11 in the NFC Divisional Round to advance to their fifth NFC Championship game in nine years. For the third time in a decade, an all-Pennsylvania Super Bowl seemed possible, as the Pittsburgh Steelers won the AFC Championship against the Baltimore Ravens. However, the Eagles lost 32-25 to the Arizona Cardinals. In August, the team stirred up", "title": "History of the Philadelphia Eagles" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 23.86, "text": "as the rest of the game represented total domination from Nick Foles and the Eagles' offense, who racked up 456 total yards and 38 unanswered points. With a blowout win against one of the league's top defenses, the Eagles advanced to their third Super Bowl. The Philadelphia Eagles entered Super Bowl LII as a 5.5 point underdog to the defending champions; the New England Patriots. This was also their first appearance in 13 years, with their last Super Bowl berth happening in 2005 (Super Bowl XXXIX), which also happened to be against the New England Patriots. In the first quarter,", "title": "2017 Philadelphia Eagles season" }, { "hasanswer": true, "score": 23.84, "text": "since week 15 and threw for 352 passing yards and three touchdowns. The Eagles traveled to Minneapolis to compete in Super Bowl LII, their third attempt at a title, against Tom Brady and the New England Patriots in a rematch of Super Bowl XXXIX from 2005. With Foles at the helm, Philadelphia started off the game strong, leading the Patriots 22–12 at halftime. New England's only lead was by one point in the fourth quarter, 33–32. The Eagles rallied back and scored an 11-yard touchdown to tight end Zach Ertz. The last score of the game was a 46-yard field", "title": "Philadelphia Eagles" } ]

[ "arm", "crossbar" ]

[ { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.44, "text": "the letter T) between the Greek letters Α and ω (alpha and omega) surmounted with little crosses. Below the letter T, there is another cross placed within a cloud or flower with twelve petals. On the chamfered edge around this design runs a circular Latin inscription in two rings which reads: \"\"Rec figura talet ad amorem regum / et principum iras iudicum\"\" (\"\"This sign rouses the love of kings and princes, the wrath of judges\"\"). The grip bears the symbols of two of the Four Evangelists: the lion of Saint Mark and the ox of Saint Luke, as well as", "title": "Szczerbiec" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.23, "text": "indicates that the normal execution cross was shaped like the letter T (in Greek called tau. In his \"\"Trial of the Court of the Vowels\"\" the Greek letter Sigma (Σ) accuses the letter Tau (Τ) of having provided tyrants with the model for the wooden instrument with which to crucify people: \"\"It was his body that tyrants took for a model, his shape that they imitated, when they set up the erections on which men are crucified.\"\" The word \"\"crux\"\" took on the metaphorical meaning of torment or torture, especially mental (\"\"crucio\"\"). Justus Lipsius devoted chapter V of book I", "title": "Crux simplex" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.2, "text": "Tau Cross The tau cross is a T-shaped cross all three ends of which are sometimes expanded. It is so called because shaped like the Greek letter tau, which in its upper-case form has the same appearance as Latin and English T. Another name for the same object is Saint Anthony's cross or Saint Anthony cross, a name given to it because of its association with Saint Anthony of Egypt. It is also called a \"\"crux commissa\"\", one of the four basic types of iconographic representations of the cross. The Greek letter tau was used as a numeral for 300.", "title": "Tau Cross" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 24.19, "text": "hieroglyph \"\"two crossed sticks\"\" (Gardiner Z9). According to W. E. Vine's \"\"Expository Dictionary of New Testament Words\"\", worshippers of Tammuz in Chaldea and thereabouts used the cross as symbol of that god. The shape of the cross (\"\"crux\"\", \"\"stauros\"\" \"\"stake, gibbet\"\"), as represented by the letter T, came to be used as a \"\"seal\"\" or symbol of Early Christianity by the 2nd century. Clement of Alexandria in the early 3rd century calls it (\"\"the Lord's sign\"\") he repeats the idea, current as early as the Epistle of Barnabas, that the number 318 (in Greek numerals, ΤΙΗ) in Genesis 14:14 was", "title": "Cross" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.73, "text": "sects, as well as some modern denominations, preferred to some extent not to use figures in their symbols, by invoking the Decalogue's prohibition of idolatry. The shape of the cross, as represented by the letter T, came to be used as a \"\"seal\"\" or symbol of Early Christianity by the 2nd century. At the end of the 2nd century, it is mentioned in the \"\"Octavius\"\" of Minucius Felix, rejecting the claim by detractors that Christians worship the cross. The cross (crucifix, Greek \"\"stauros\"\") in this period was represented by the letter T. Clement of Alexandria in the early 3rd century", "title": "Christian symbolism" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.56, "text": "to it.\"\" In language very similar to that of Minucius Felix, Tertullian, too, who distinguished between \"\"stipes\"\" (stake) and \"\"crux\"\" (cross), noted that it was the cross that people associated with Christianity. And he indicated that the shape of the cross is that of the letter T: \"\"The Greek letter Tau and our own letter T is the very form of the cross, which (God) predicted would be the sign on our foreheads\"\", and compared it to the shape of a bird with outstretched wings. The anti-Christian arguments thus cited in the \"\"Octavius\"\" of Minucius Felix, chapters IX and XXIX,", "title": "Instrument of Jesus' crucifixion" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.55, "text": "(1888), Ansault (1891), etc. In the European Bronze Age the cross symbol appeared to carry a religious meaning, perhaps as a symbol of consecration, especially pertaining to burial. The cross sign occurs trivially in tally marks, and develops into a number symbol independently in the Roman numerals ( \"\"ten\"\"), the Chinese rod numerals (十 \"\"ten\"\") and the Brahmi numerals (\"\"four\"\", whence the numeral 4). In the Phoenician alphabet and derived scripts, the cross symbol represented the phoneme /t/, i.e. the letter taw, which is the historical predecessor of Latin T. The letter name \"\"taw\"\" means \"\"mark\"\", presumably continuing the Egyptian", "title": "Cross" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.5, "text": "that the Greek letter τ and the Latin letter T have the same shape as the execution cross: \"\"Ipsa est enim littera Graecorum Tau, nostra autem T, species crucis\"\". In the \"\"Trial of the Court of the Vowels\"\" of non-Christian Lucian (125 – after 180), the Greek letter Sigma (Σ) accuses the letter Tau (Τ) of having provided tyrants with the model for the wooden instrument with which to crucify people and demands that Tau be executed on his own shape: \"\"It was his body that tyrants took for a model, his shape that they imitated, when they set up", "title": "Tau Cross" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 23.44, "text": "is called the \"\"crux commissa\"\". This term was invented by Justus Lipsius (1547–1606), who used it to distinguish this T-shaped cross from the now more familiar †-shaped cross and the saltire X-shaped cross. Tau Cross The tau cross is a T-shaped cross all three ends of which are sometimes expanded. It is so called because shaped like the Greek letter tau, which in its upper-case form has the same appearance as Latin and English T. Another name for the same object is Saint Anthony's cross or Saint Anthony cross, a name given to it because of its association with Saint", "title": "Tau Cross" }, { "hasanswer": false, "score": 22.88, "text": "of his book, and again on the basis of the shape of the letter τ, Clement says the \"\"300\"\"-cubit length of Noah's ark was seen as a foreshadowing of the cross of Christ: \"\"there are some who say that three hundred cubits are the symbol of the Lord’s sign\"\" (εἰσὶ δ' οἳ τοὺς τριακοσίους πήχεις σύμβολον τοῦ κυριακοῦ σημείου λέγουσι). William Barclay notes that, because the letter T is shaped exactly like the \"\"crux commissa\"\" and because the Greek letter T represented the number 300, \"\"wherever the fathers came across the number 300 in the Old Testament they took it", "title": "Early Christian descriptions of the execution cross" } ]