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---
language: en
tags:
- timelms
- twitter
license: mit
datasets:
- twitter-api
---
# Twitter March 2022 (RoBERTa-base, 128M)
This is a RoBERTa-base model trained on 128.06M tweets until the end of March 2022.
More details and performance scores are available in the [TimeLMs paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.03829).
Below, we provide some usage examples using the standard Transformers interface. For another interface more suited to comparing predictions and perplexity scores between models trained at different temporal intervals, check the [TimeLMs repository](https://github.com/cardiffnlp/timelms).
For other models trained until different periods, check this [table](https://github.com/cardiffnlp/timelms#released-models).
## Preprocess Text
Replace usernames and links for placeholders: "@user" and "http".
If you're interested in retaining verified users which were also retained during training, you may keep the users listed [here](https://github.com/cardiffnlp/timelms/tree/main/data).
```python
def preprocess(text):
preprocessed_text = []
for t in text.split(): # expects whitespace tokenization
if len(t) > 1:
t = '@user' if t[0] == '@' and t.count('@') == 1 else t
t = 'http' if t.startswith('http') else t
preprocessed_text.append(t)
return ' '.join(preprocessed_text)
```
## Example Masked Language Model
```python
from transformers import pipeline, AutoTokenizer
MODEL = "cardiffnlp/twitter-roberta-base-mar2022"
fill_mask = pipeline("fill-mask", model=MODEL, tokenizer=MODEL)
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(MODEL)
def pprint(candidates, n):
for i in range(n):
token = tokenizer.decode(candidates[i]['token'])
score = candidates[i]['score']
print("%d) %.5f %s" % (i+1, score, token))
texts = [
"So glad I'm <mask> vaccinated.",
"I keep forgetting to bring a <mask>.",
"Looking forward to watching <mask> Game tonight!",
]
for text in texts:
t = preprocess(text)
print(f"{'-'*30}\n{t}")
candidates = fill_mask(t)
pprint(candidates, 5)
```
Output:
```
------------------------------
So glad I'm <mask> vaccinated.
1) 0.34390 fully
2) 0.28177 not
3) 0.16473 getting
4) 0.04932 still
5) 0.01754 double
------------------------------
I keep forgetting to bring a <mask>.
1) 0.05391 book
2) 0.04560 mask
3) 0.03456 pen
4) 0.03251 lighter
5) 0.03098 charger
------------------------------
Looking forward to watching <mask> Game tonight!
1) 0.60744 the
2) 0.15224 The
3) 0.02575 this
4) 0.01450 End
5) 0.01035 Championship
```
## Example Tweet Embeddings
```python
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel, TFAutoModel
import numpy as np
from scipy.spatial.distance import cosine
from collections import Counter
def get_embedding(text): # naive approach for demonstration
text = preprocess(text)
encoded_input = tokenizer(text, return_tensors='pt')
features = model(**encoded_input)
features = features[0].detach().cpu().numpy()
return np.mean(features[0], axis=0)
MODEL = "cardiffnlp/twitter-roberta-base-mar2022"
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(MODEL)
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(MODEL)
query = "The book was awesome"
tweets = ["I just ordered fried chicken 🐣",
"The movie was great",
"What time is the next game?",
"Just finished reading 'Embeddings in NLP'"]
sims = Counter()
for tweet in tweets:
sim = 1 - cosine(get_embedding(query), get_embedding(tweet))
sims[tweet] = sim
print('Most similar to: ', query)
print(f"{'-'*30}")
for idx, (tweet, sim) in enumerate(sims.most_common()):
print("%d) %.5f %s" % (idx+1, sim, tweet))
```
Output:
```
Most similar to: The book was awesome
------------------------------
1) 0.98985 The movie was great
2) 0.96122 Just finished reading 'Embeddings in NLP'
3) 0.95733 I just ordered fried chicken 🐣
4) 0.93271 What time is the next game?
```
## Example Feature Extraction
```python
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel, TFAutoModel
import numpy as np
MODEL = "cardiffnlp/twitter-roberta-base-mar2022"
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(MODEL)
text = "Good night 😊"
text = preprocess(text)
# Pytorch
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(MODEL)
encoded_input = tokenizer(text, return_tensors='pt')
features = model(**encoded_input)
features = features[0].detach().cpu().numpy()
features_mean = np.mean(features[0], axis=0)
#features_max = np.max(features[0], axis=0)
# # Tensorflow
# model = TFAutoModel.from_pretrained(MODEL)
# encoded_input = tokenizer(text, return_tensors='tf')
# features = model(encoded_input)
# features = features[0].numpy()
# features_mean = np.mean(features[0], axis=0)
# #features_max = np.max(features[0], axis=0)
``` |