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---
license: other
license_name: apple-sample-code-license
license_link: LICENSE
---
A CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training) model trained on DFN-2B.
Data Filtering Networks (DFNs) are small networks used to automatically filter large pools of uncurated data.
This model was trained on 2B images that were filtered from a pool of 12.8B uncurated image-text pairs
(12.8B image-text pairs from CommonPool-12.8B).
This model has been converted to PyTorch from the original JAX checkpoints from Axlearn (https://github.com/apple/axlearn).
These weights are directly usable in OpenCLIP (image + text).
## Model Details
- **Model Type:** Contrastive Image-Text, Zero-Shot Image Classification.
- **Dataset:** DFN-2b
- **Papers:**
- Data Filtering Networks: https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.17425
- **Examples Seen:** 12.8B
## Model Metrics
| Eval Dataset | Metric |
|:-----------------------|---------:|
| ImageNet 1k | 0.81396 |
| Caltech-101 | 0.953141 |
| CIFAR-10 | 0.9836 |
| CIFAR-100 | 0.8835 |
| CLEVR Counts | 0.3338 |
| CLEVR Distance | 0.248733 |
| Country211 | 0.28237 |
| Describable Textures | 0.66117 |
| EuroSAT | 0.646296 |
| FGVC Aircraft | 0.395945 |
| Food-101 | 0.945861 |
| GTSRB | 0.616152 |
| ImageNet Sketch | 0.683311 |
| ImageNet v2 | 0.7453 |
| ImageNet-A | 0.6676 |
| ImageNet-O | 0.3915 |
| ImageNet-R | 0.900033 |
| KITTI Vehicle Distance | 0.201125 |
| MNIST | 0.8468 |
| ObjectNet | 0.739367 |
| Oxford Flowers-102 | 0.865822 |
| Oxford-IIIT Pet | 0.954941 |
| Pascal VOC 2007 | 0.81644 |
| PatchCamelyon | 0.63028 |
| Rendered SST2 | 0.551345 |
| RESISC45 | 0.733175 |
| Stanford Cars | 0.947146 |
| STL-10 | 0.976625 |
| SUN397 | 0.754565 |
| SVHN | 0.653503 |
| Flickr | 0.8244 |
| MSCOCO | 0.570363 |
| WinoGAViL | 0.551645 |
| iWildCam | 0.18877 |
| Camelyon17 | 0.626179 |
| FMoW | 0.222137 |
| Dollar Street | 0.688084 |
| GeoDE | 0.91023 |
| **Average** | **0.668558** |
## Model Usage
### With OpenCLIP
```
import torch
import torch.nn.functional as F
from urllib.request import urlopen
from PIL import Image
from open_clip import create_model_from_pretrained, get_tokenizer
model, preprocess = create_model_from_pretrained('hf-hub:apple/DFN2B-CLIP-ViT-L-14')
tokenizer = get_tokenizer('ViT-L-14')
image = Image.open(urlopen(
'https://huggingface.co/datasets/huggingface/documentation-images/resolve/main/beignets-task-guide.png'
))
image = preprocess(image).unsqueeze(0)
labels_list = ["a dog", "a cat", "a donut", "a beignet"]
text = tokenizer(labels_list, context_length=model.context_length)
with torch.no_grad(), torch.cuda.amp.autocast():
image_features = model.encode_image(image)
text_features = model.encode_text(text)
image_features = F.normalize(image_features, dim=-1)
text_features = F.normalize(text_features, dim=-1)
text_probs = torch.sigmoid(image_features @ text_features.T * model.logit_scale.exp() + model.logit_bias)
zipped_list = list(zip(labels_list, [round(p.item(), 3) for p in text_probs[0]]))
print("Label probabilities: ", zipped_list)
```
## Citation
```bibtex
@article{fang2023data,
title={Data Filtering Networks},
author={Fang, Alex and Jose, Albin Madappally and Jain, Amit and Schmidt, Ludwig and Toshev, Alexander and Shankar, Vaishaal},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2309.17425},
year={2023}
}
```
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