metadata

library_name: transformers
license: apache-2.0
datasets:
  - HuggingFaceTB/smollm-corpus
language:
  - en
pipeline_tag: text-generation

Doge 76M

Doge is an ongoing research project where we aim to train a series of small language models to further explore whether the Transformer framework allows for more complex feedforward network structures, enabling the model to have fewer cache states and larger knowledge capacity.

In addition, Doge uses Inner Function Attention with Dynamic Mask as sequence transformation and Cross Domain Mixture of Experts as state transformation. This model is trained by Jingze Shi, it only allows text input and text generation, for detailed algorithm and model architecture, please refer to Wonderful Matrices, the ongoing research repository is Doge.

Uses

>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM

>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("JingzeShi/Doge-76M")
>>> model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("JingzeShi/Doge-76M", trust_remote_code=True)
>>> inputs = tokenizer("Hey how are you doing?", return_tensors="pt")

>>> out = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=100)
>>> print(tokenizer.batch_decode(out))

Model Details

NOTE: This model has not been fine-tuned for instruction TODO: The larger model is under training and will be uploaded soon.

Model Architecture: The model architecture is a Transformer with Inner Function Attention with Dynamic Mask as sequence transformation and Cross Domain Mixture of Experts as state transformation. It can be simply understood as a Transformer with all attention and feedforward layers being sparse activation structures. For detailed information on the architecture, please refer to Wonderful Matrices.

	Training Data	Steps	Content Length	Tokens	LR	Batch Size	Precision
Doge-22M	HuggingFaceTB/smollm-corpus	5k	2048	1B	8e-4	0.25M	bfloat16
Doge-76M	HuggingFaceTB/smollm-corpus	10k	2048	5B	6e-4	0.5M	bfloat16

Training Environment:

Image: nvcr.io/nvidia/pytorch:24.10-py3
Hardware: 1x NVIDIA RTX 4090
Software: Transformers

Evaluation Results:

Model	MMLU	TriviaQA	ARC	PIQA	Hellaswag	OBQA	Wnogrande	Avg
TinyStories-28M	24.03	0.01	27.69	53.21	27.32	21.00	50.67	29.13
Doge-22M	23.11	0.00	31.77	53.10	25.29	24.40	49.56	29.60
Doge-76M	23.26	0.05	37.16	56.31	27.68	27.00	49.64	31.58
GPT2-137M	26.29	0.49	31.09	62.51	29.76	29.40	49.72	32.75
Pythia-160M	26.68	0.34	31.92	61.64	29.55	27.80	49.49	32.49
SmolLM-135M	30.23	4.11	43.99	69.60	42.30	33.60	52.70	39.50

Citation

@misc{shi2024wonderfulmatrices,
      title={Wonderful Matrices: More Efficient and Effective Architecture for Language Modeling Tasks}, 
      author={Jingze Shi and Bingheng Wu and Lu He and Luchang Jiang},
      year={2024},
      eprint={2407.16958},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.LG},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.16958}, 
}