Knowledge Base/s.txt

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S, or s, is the nineteenth letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ess (pronounced ), plural esses."S", Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition (1989); Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged (1993); "ess," op. cit. ==History== ===Origin=== Northwest Semitic šîn represented a voiceless postalveolar fricative (as in 'ip'). It originated most likely as a pictogram of a tooth () and represented the phoneme via the acrophonic principle."corresponds etymologically (in part, at least) to original Semitic ṯ (th), which was pronounced s in South Canaanite" Albright, W. F., "The Early Alphabetic Inscriptions from Sinai and their Decipherment," Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 110 (1948), p. 15. The interpretation as "tooth" is now prevalent, but not entirely certain. The Encyclopaedia Judaica of 1972 reported that the letter represented a "composite bow". Ancient Greek did not have a phoneme, so the derived Greek letter sigma () came to represent the voiceless alveolar sibilant . While the letter shape Σ continues Phoenician šîn, its name sigma is taken from the letter samekh, while the shape and position of samekh but name of šîn is continued in the xi. Within Greek, the name of sigma was influenced by its association with the Greek word (earlier ) "to hiss". The original name of the letter "sigma" may have been san, but due to the complicated early history of the Greek epichoric alphabets, "san" came to be identified as a separate letter, Ϻ.Woodard, Roger D. (2006). "Alphabet". In Wilson, Nigel Guy. Encyclopedia of ancient Greece. London: Routldedge. p. 38. Herodotus reports that "San" was the name given by the Dorians to the same letter called "Sigma" by the Ionians."" ('...the same letter, which the Dorians call "San", but the Ionians "Sigma"...'; Herodotus, Histories 1.139); cf. Nick Nicholas, Non-Attic letters . The Western Greek alphabet used in Cumae was adopted by the Etruscans and Latins in the 7th century BC, over the following centuries developing into a range of Old Italic alphabets including the Etruscan alphabet and the early Latin alphabet. In Etruscan, the value of Greek sigma (𐌔) was maintained, while san (𐌑) represented a separate phoneme, most likely (transliterated as ś). The early Latin alphabet adopted sigma, but not san, as Old Latin did not have a phoneme. The shape of Latin S arises from Greek Σ by dropping one out of the four strokes of that letter. The (angular) S-shape composed of three strokes existed as a variant of the four-stroke letter Σ already in the epigraphy in Western Greek alphabets, and the three and four strokes variants existed alongside one another in the classical Etruscan alphabet. In other Italic alphabets (Venetic, Lepontic), the letter could be represented as a zig- zagging line of any number between three and six strokes. The Italic letter was also adopted into Elder Futhark, as Sowilō (), and appears with four to eight strokes in the earliest runic inscriptions, but is occasionally reduced to three strokes () from the later 5th century, and appears regularly with three strokes in Younger Futhark. ===Long s=== The minuscule form ſ, called the long s, developed in the early medieval period, within the Visigothic and Carolingian hands, with predecessors in the half-uncial and cursive scripts of Late Antiquity. It remained standard in western writing throughout the medieval period and was adopted in early printing with movable types. It existed alongside minuscule "round" or "short" s, which was at the time only used at the end of words. In most Western orthographies, the ſ gradually fell out of use during the second half of the 18th century, although it remained in occasional use into the 19th century. In Spain, the change was mainly accomplished between 1760 and 1766. In France, the change occurred between 1782 and 1793. Printers in the United States stopped using the long s between 1795 and 1810. In English orthography, the London printer John Bell (1745–1831) pioneered the change. His edition of Shakespeare, in 1785, was advertised with the claim that he "ventured to depart from the common mode by rejecting the long 'ſ' in favor of the round one, as being less liable to error....."Stanley Morison, A Memoir of John Bell, 1745–1831 (1930, Cambridge Univ. Press) page 105; Daniel Berkeley Updike, Printing Types, Their History, Forms, and Use – a study in survivals (2nd. ed, 1951, Harvard University Press) page 293. The Times of London made the switch from the long to the short s with its issue of 10 September 1803. Encyclopædia Britannica's 5th edition, completed in 1817, was the last edition to use the long s. In German orthography, long s was retained in Fraktur (Schwabacher) type as well as in standard cursive (Sütterlin) well into the 20th century, and was officially abolished in 1941. Order of 3 January 1941 to all public offices, signed by Martin Bormann. The ligature of ſs (or ſz) was retained, however, giving rise to the Eszett , in contemporary German orthography. ==Use in writing systems== The letter is the seventh most common letter in English and the third-most common consonant after and . It is the most common letter for the first letter of a word in the English language. In English and several other languages, primarily Western Romance ones like Spanish and French, final is the usual mark of plural nouns. It is the regular ending of English third person present tense verbs. represents the voiceless alveolar or voiceless dental sibilant in most languages as well as in the International Phonetic Alphabet. It also commonly represents the voiced alveolar or voiced dental sibilant , as in Portuguese mesa (table) or English 'rose' and 'bands', or it may represent the voiceless palato-alveolar fricative , as in most Portuguese dialects when syllable-finally, in Hungarian, in German (before , ) and some English words as 'sugar', since yod-coalescence became a dominant feature, and , as in English 'measure' (also because of yod-coalescence), European Portuguese Islão (Islam) or, in many sociolects of Brazilian Portuguese, esdrúxulo (proparoxytone) in some Andalusian dialects, it merged with Peninsular Spanish and and is now pronounced . In some English words of French origin, the letter is silent, as in 'isle' or 'debris'. In Turkmen, represents . The digraph for English arises in Middle English (alongside ), replacing the Old English digraph. Similarly, Old High German was replaced by in Early Modern High German orthography. ==Related characters== ===Descendants and related characters in the Latin alphabet=== *ſ : Latin letter long s, an obsolete variant of s *ẜ ẝ : Various forms of long s were used for medieval scribal abbreviations *ẞ ß : German Eszett or "sharp S", derived from a ligature of long s followed by either s or z *S with diacritics: Ś ś Ṡ ṡ ẛ Ṩ ṩ Ṥ ṥ Ṣ ṣ S̩ s̩ Ꞩ ꞩ Ꟊꟊ Ŝ ŝ Ṧ ṧ Š š Ş ş Ș ș S̈ s̈ ᶊ Ȿ ȿ ᵴ ᶳ *ₛ : Subscript small s was used in the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet prior to its formal standardization in 1902 *ˢ : Modifier letter small s is used for phonetic transcription *ꜱ : Small capital S was used in the Icelandic First Grammatical Treatise to mark gemination *Ʂ ʂ : S with hook, used for writing Mandarin Chinese using the early draft version of pinyin romanization during the mid-1950s *Ƨ ƨ : Latin letter reversed S (used in Zhuang transliteration) * 𝼩 : Latin small letter s with mid-height left hook was used by the British and Foreign Bible Society in the early 20th century for romanization of the Malayalam language. *IPA- specific symbols related to S: * Para-IPA version of the IPA fricative ɕ: 𝼞 𐞺 *Ꞅ ꞅ : Insular S *Ꟗ ꟗ : Used in Middle Scots *Ꟙ ꟙ : Latin letter Sigmoid S was used in medieval palaeography ===Derived signs, symbols, and abbreviations=== *$ : Dollar sign *₷ : Spesmilo *§ : Section sign *℠ : Service mark symbol *∫ : Integral symbol, short for summation (derived from long s) ===Ancestors and siblings in other alphabets=== * 𐤔 : Semitic letter Shin, from which the following symbols originally derive **archaic Greek Sigma could be written with different numbers of angles and strokes. Besides the classical form with four strokes (), a three-stroke form resembling an angular Latin S () was commonly found, and was particularly characteristic of some mainland Greek varieties including Attic and several "red" alphabets. ***Σ: classical Greek letter Sigma ****Ϲ ϲ: Greek lunate sigma ***** : Coptic letter sima *****С с : Cyrillic letter Es, derived from a form of sigma ***𐌔 : Old Italic letter S, includes the variants also found in the archaic Greek letter ****S: Latin letter S **** : Runic letter sowilo, which is derived from Old Italic S ***: Gothic letter sigil * Ս : Armenian letter Se ==Computing codes== : 1 ==Other representations== ==Chemistry== The letter S is used: * In a chemical formula to represent sulfur. For example, is sulfur dioxide. * In the preferred IUPAC name for a chemical, to indicate a specific enantiomer. For example, "(S)-2-(4-Chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propanoic acid" is one of the enantiomers of mecoprop. ==See also== * Cool S * See about Ⓢ in Enclosed Alphanumerics ==Notes== == References == ==External links== * * * * Category:ISO basic Latin letters
The S & S Sandwich Shop (also known as the S&S; Diner and the S & S Restaurant) is a historic site in Miami, Florida. It is located at 1757 Northeast 2nd Avenue. On January 4, 1989, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.Historic Preservation Miami The small-scale, Art Deco building was constructed in 1938 and includes a facade of pigmented structural glass and aluminum arranged in horizontal and vertical bands of beige, white, and red. In 2017, the restaurant was evicted from the building, and the S & S Diner resumed at a nearby location. ==References== ==External links== * Dade County listings at National Register of Historic Places * Florida's Office of Cultural and Historical Programs ** Dade County listings ** S & S Restaurant and Deli Category:Buildings and structures in Miami Category:National Register of Historic Places in Miami Category:Restaurants in Miami Category:Restaurants on the National Register of Historic Places Category:1938 establishments in Florida Category:Restaurants established in 1938 es:Iglesia de San Juan el Bautista (Miami)
S & W Cafeteria is a historic S & W Cafeteria building located in the Downtown Asheville Historic District of Asheville, Buncombe County, North Carolina, USA. It was designed by the architect Douglas Ellington and built in 1929. It is a three-story, brick building in the Art Deco style. The front facade is sheathed in grey ashlar and features polychrome ornamentation and exotic stylistic motifs. In 1974, the S & W Cafeteria moved to the Asheville Mall. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. In 2019, renovations began for the historic building to house S&W; Market, a food hall and event venue. S&W; Market opened in June 2021. ==References== ==External links== * Category:Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina Category:Art Deco architecture in North Carolina Category:Commercial buildings completed in 1929 Category:Buildings and structures in Asheville, North Carolina Category:National Register of Historic Places in Buncombe County, North Carolina Category:Historic district contributing properties in North Carolina
S is the second extended play (EP) by American singer SZA; it was self- released on April 10, 2013. After meeting members of independent label Top Dawg and releasing her debut EP See.SZA.Run (2012), SZA began working on S, beginning recording in May 2013. SZA worked with a variety of producers on the album, including Zodiac, Patrick Lukens, Brandun DeShay, WNDRBRD, Waren Vaughn and Felix Snow. S is characterized as an alt-R&B; album with production that "twists and mutates." Upon release S was met with acclaim from music critics, who commended the extended play's musical themes and direction. SZA promoted the extended play with the release of a music video for the song "Ice Moon"; the video was directed by Lemar & Dauley. == Background == SZA first met members of Top Dawg Entertainment during the CMJ Music Marathon in 2011, when her boyfriend's clothing company sponsored a show in which Kendrick Lamar was performing. A friend attending the show with her presented early SZA songs to TDE president Terrence "Punch" Henderson, who enjoyed the material and stayed in touch. On October 29, 2012, SZA released her debut self-released extended play entitled See.SZA.Run, which featured production from Brandun DeShay, APSuperProducer, among others. In June 2013, Top Dawg Entertainment stated plans to sign two more artists, announcing on July 14 that SZA had been signed to the label. == Recording == In May 2013, SZA revealed that she had been working with producers Holy Other and Emile Haynie, the latter of whom had previously worked with Lana Del Rey and Kid Cudi. SZA met Holy Other through mutual friends. After being in the same area as one another and working in the same studio, the pair began working together. SZA met producer Felix Snow via a mutual friend and they later began "hanging out", SZA described Felix as being "completely not the textbook producer" continuing to expand on working with Felix SZA said; > If you've ever seen him he wears sunglasses inside all day and sandals all > year round. He's basically always in yacht mode. He has a Tamagachi and a > Giga Pet, so he's a character-and-a-half. But we're like family. I went to > his house in Connecticut and played with his menagerie of animals and met > his parents and ate soup. == Critical reception == Adam Kevil of Consequence of Sound gave a positive review of the EP. Praising the album's musical direction, Kevil called the work sincere and "cool", continuing on to note how SZA's courage proves "she's equally as aware of her strengths as she is the potential for constant maturation and growth". == Track listing == Sample credits * "Castles" contains samples of "Everywhere", written by Christine McVie, and performed by Fleetwood Mac. * "Terror.Dome" and "Kismet (Outro)" contain snippets from the 1968 horror film, Rosemary's Baby. * "The Odyssey" contains a sample of an interview with Eartha Kitt from the 1982 documentary All By Myself - The Eartha Kitt Story. == Release history == Region Date Format Label United States April 10, 2013 Digital download Self-released ==See also== *Alternative R&B; == References == == External links == * Category:2013 EPs Category:Contemporary R&B; EPs Category:SZA albums
S was a streetcar line in Los Angeles, California. It was operated by the Los Angeles Railway from 1895 to 1958, and by the Los Angeles Metropolitan Transit Authority from 1958 to 1963. The route was very popular due to its proximity to Hollywood as well as the sizable manufacturing district in South Los Angeles. ==History== ===San Pedro Line (1895–1911)=== The original San Pedro line began at an uncertain point in Downtown Los Angeles and reached the South Side of the city by way of Fourth Street, San Pedro Street, Park Avenue (present-day Avalon Boulevard), Gage Avenue, and South Central Avenue to 68th Street. ===S Line (1911–1963)=== Following the Great Merger of 1911, the tracks on Fourth Street were removed, and the San Pedro line now ran from San Pedro Street to Seventh Street from Downtown to the outskirts of Westlake. Here, the route took advantage of an old LAIU track on Hoover, Wilshire, and Commonwealth to continue northwest via Sixth Street, Vermont Avenue, Third Street, and Western Avenue to Santa Monica Boulevard on the southern edge of Hollywood. In 1921, the route was given the letter designation "S." During the LARy and LATL eras, further route changes were made. The LAIU shortcut to Sixth Street was eliminated and the route ran straight on 7th between San Pedro and Vermont, while the route's southern terminus was extended further south to the intersection of Avalon and Firestone Boulevard. When the N line was decommissioned in 1950, S was re-routed to fill in its route along 8th street. Operation of the line passed to Los Angeles MTA in 1958. Streetcar service ended on March 31, 1963, by which time the southern terminus had become Central and Manchester Avenue. ==Rolling stock== After 1955, PCC streetcars replaced the old rolling stock on the line. ==Sources== ==External links== * S Line Archives — Pacific Electric Railway Historical Society * Category:Los Angeles Railway routes Category:Railway lines opened in 1895 Category:Railway lines closed in 1963 Category:1895 establishments in California Category:1963 disestablishments in California
thumb|right|200px|The current bullet for the three shuttles Three services in the New York City Subway are designated as a S (shuttle) service. These services operate as full-time or almost full-time shuttles. In addition, three services run as shuttles during late night hours but retain their regular service designations. ==Shuttle services== ===Official designations=== All of the following services are officially labeled S. The "NYCT designator" column stands for New York City Transit's internal designation for the service. Shuttle name NYCT designator Division Northern terminal Southern terminal Service hours Notes Image 42nd Street Shuttle 0 (zero) A Times Square Grand Central Operates at all times except late nights. Two trains operate separately on each of two tracks. Rebuilt and reconfigured for ADA-accessibility from 2019-2022. 42nd Street Shuttle at Times Square Rockaway Park Shuttle H B Broad Channel or Rockaway Boulevard Rockaway Park–Beach 116th Street Operates at all times. Three trains operate on the double-tracked Rockaway Park branch of the IND Rockaway Line. Rockaway Park Shuttle at Broad Channel Franklin Avenue Shuttle S/FS Franklin Avenue Prospect Park Operates at all times. Two trains operate on the mostly single-tracked BMT Franklin Avenue Line, passing each other near Botanic Garden. Franklin Avenue Shuttle at Park Place ===Late-night shuttles=== Route Name Northern terminal Southern terminal Notes Image Dyre Avenue Shuttle Eastchester–Dyre Avenue East 180th Street Formerly designated 9, before the line became an IRT line, and SS. Lefferts Boulevard Shuttle Euclid Avenue Ozone Park–Lefferts Boulevard link= (gray A) on the late night map and 20px|link= (blue S) in the schedule and on trains. Myrtle Avenue Shuttle Middle Village–Metropolitan Avenue Myrtle Avenue Formerly designated SS. == Former uses == right Other routes have in the past been designated S or SS; the label has also been used for temporary shuttles due to construction. Before June 1979, all shuttles had the label SS; the designation S was reserved for "special"' services, including IND trains to Aqueduct Racetrack. The SS label was first applied in 1967, when all services were labeled due to the completion of the Chrystie Street Connection. Former uses of the S or SS designation include: * Bowling Green – South Ferry Shuttle (1909–1977) * Culver Shuttle (1954–1975) * Sixth Avenue Shuttle (1986–1988) – ran between 57th Street and Grand Street * 63rd Street Shuttle (1998–1999) * Grand Street Shuttle (2001–2004) * Brighton Shuttle (2022) – ran between Prospect Park and Coney Island Some shuttle routes also used the H or HH designation, which were the last to be assigned to the Independent Subway System. Former uses include the Court Street Shuttle from 1936 to 1946 and Rockaway Park Shuttle until 1993, when that route's label was changed to a blue S. A temporary shuttle that opened in November 2012 after Hurricane Sandy destroyed track connecting the Rockaways to the rest of the system used the H designation. When the Transit Authority began assigning labels to all services, the Third Avenue Elevated was designated as 8 because it was deemed too long to be considered a "shuttle". However, trains on this line showed SHUTTLE on their rollsigns instead of "8". The service was discontinued in 1973. === Full-time shuttles=== ==== Nassau Street Shuttle (1999) ==== This shuttle ran only from May to September 1999 during the rehabilitation of the Williamsburg Bridge. The shuttle ran from 6:00 am to 10:00 pm daily from Essex Street to Broad Street (Chambers Street on weekends, late nights, and evenings). ==== Myrtle Shuttle (2017-2018) ==== Two trains operated separately on each of two tracks on the BMT Myrtle Avenue Line between Myrtle-Wyckoff Avenues and Middle Village-Metropolitan Avenue. They ran at all times between September 2, 2017, and April 27, 2018, due to construction on the BMT Myrtle Avenue Line's connector with the BMT Jamaica Line. It was designated as an orange "M" on maps, schedules, and station and service notice signs, and as a brown "M" on the R42 rolling stock, which still had the brown "M" emblems that the route used before 2010. === Part-time shuttles === ==== Lenox Shuttle (mid-1900s – early 1970s) ==== The Lenox Terminal Shuttle (also Lenox Shuttle and Lenox Avenue Shuttle) ran between 148th Street and 135th Street when the did not run. Prior to the opening of the 148th Street station on May 13, 1968, it was called the 145th Street Shuttle, running only to 145th Street, and only from 9:00 pm to 1:00 am. It was in place by 1918, but may have been started in 1905 when the IRT White Plains Road Line opened to the IRT Lenox Avenue Line. Between 1969 and 1972, it was folded into the 3, but continued to run as a shuttle at those times. Late night 3 service ended on September 10, 1995,"Coming Transit Reductions: What They Mean for You," The New York Times, August 20, 1995, p. CY10 due to low ridership, and was not restored until July 27, 2008. During this time, the route was served by a free overnight shuttle bus. ==== Myrtle Shuttle (1969–1973) ==== After the BMT Myrtle Avenue Line south of Broadway ceased operation on October 3, 1969, the MJ service was discontinued and the current nighttime M shuttle was formed, using the lower- level platforms in the same station complex. Prior to 2014, when the M was extended to Essex Street during weekend days, it operated on weekends as well. However, this service was labeled SS and considered a separate route from the M until the two routes merged in 1973. ==== Bay Ridge Shuttle (1990–2002; 2004–2016) ==== On September 30, 1990, late night trains began operating as a shuttle in Brooklyn, between 36th Street (cut back from 57th Street in Manhattan) and 95th Street. In 1999, northbound trains began skipping 53rd Street and 45th Streets to avoid discharging passengers on tracks used by through trains. From September 8, 2002, until February 22, 2004, this service was extended northward to Pacific Street, due to reconstruction of the Coney Island station, running express north of 36th Street. On November 5, 2016, late night R trains were extended to Whitehall Street in Lower Manhattan. * * * * == Notes and references == ===Notes=== ===References=== == External links == * *nycsubway.org **New York City Subway Historical Maps **FAQ: The Letter, Number and Color Codes of the New York Subways *Line By Line History Category:New York City Subway services Category:Defunct New York City Subway services
S (에스) is a South Korean project group consisting of three members: Kangta, Lee Ji-hoon and Shin Hye-sung. The group debuted in 2003, under the SM Entertainment label. After 11 years, they released and promoted another mini- album in 2014. ==History== In 2003, S released their first album Fr.In.Cl, which stands for Friends in Classic. In 2014, after more than a decade in hiatus, the group released their second mini-album Autumn Breeze on October 27. As member Kangta wrote and produced the songs, it was said that his "unique music style and the trio’s harmonious voices will create beautiful ballads".Kangta, Shin Hye Sung, and Lee Ji Hoon’s Project Group S to Release New Album Soompi . Retrieved 2014-10-23 On October 18, the group performed their title track "Without You (하고 싶은 거 다)" for the first time at SM Entertainment's agency-wide concert SM Town in Shanghai.Kangta, Shin Hye Sung, and Lee Ji Hoon’s Group S Wows Crowd of 30,000 At SM Town Concert in Shanghai Soompi. Retrieved 2014-10-23 The music video for the song was released on October 24, starring Kwon Yuri of Girls' Generation. The group continued to promote the song on various South Korean music programs, such as on Immortal Songs 2 on November 3.Kangta, Shin Hye Sung, Lee Ji Hoon’s Group S to Be on “Immortal Song” Soompi. Retrieved 2014-10-23 ==Band members== *Kangta *Shin Hye-sung *Lee Ji-hoon ==Discography== ===Studio albums=== Album Information Track listing 1st Fr. in. Cl * Release date: September 24, 2003 * Label: SM Entertainment ===EP=== Album # Information Track listing 1st Autumn Breeze *Released: October 27, 2014 *Released Under: SM Entertainment ==Concert tours== ===SMTown=== * 2014: SM Town Live World Tour IV ==Awards and nominations== Year Award-Giving Body Category Work Result 2003 Mnet Asian Music Awards Best Male Group "I Swear""2003 MMF part 1". Mwave. Retrieved 2014-08-20. Seoul Music Awards Hallyu Special Award ==References== Category:South Korean boy bands Category:South Korean contemporary R&B; musical groups Category:South Korean musical trios Category:Musical groups established in 2003 Category:Musical groups disestablished in 2014 Category:Kangta
S is the fifth novel in the Ring series by Koji Suzuki. It served as the basis of the film Sadako 3D and Sadako 3D 2. The novel was released in English on December 19, 2017, under the title S (Es). It was also released in French on April 10, 2014, and is sold under the title Sadako. == Plot == 25 years after the events of Spiral, Takanori Ando, graphic designer at Studio Oz, a CG production company, is dating high school teacher Akane Maruyama, who is pregnant with his child, planning to marry her soon to avoid exposing the fact that he impregnated her out of wedlock. Company president Yoneda gives Takanori a USB drive containing a suicide video that went viral a month ago, asking him to reconfigure it for a possible future project. Upon copying the video into his laptop, he realizes that the video changes slightly; the suicidal man's body is positioned in a lower position than the original, revealing his neck. When he asks Yoneda about the video's origin, Yoneda tells him that it was given to him by Kiyomi Sakata, producer of the latest film that Studio Oz is working on. Meanwhile, Akane feels stalked by a figure. During an encounter at the high school where she works, she faints and is taken to a hospital, where she briefly hallucinates meeting her deceased mother. One day, Akane unwittingly spots the copy of the suicide video. Consoling her, Takanori discovers that the video has changed further; the body is lowered to the extent that the man's face and the noose are now visible. The man is revealed to be Seiji Kashiwada, a serial killer who was apprehended a decade ago for murdering four girls and executed a month ago. Akane admits that she was his potential fifth victim. Fearing that he is still hunting her, Takanori promises to keep track of her using a GPS. Analyzing the video, Takanori deduces the location where it was shot and heads there, finding out that the room is currently occupied by a man named Hiroyuki Niimura. Takanori seeks the help of Tsuyoshi Kihara, who once researched the Kashiwada case. Kihara opines that Kashiwada was not truly guilty. Kihara spots that the room where the man was hanged contains a first edition copy of Ring, a book written by Kazuyuki Asakawa and published by his brother, Junichi, twenty five years ago. Kihara has crime scene photos of Kashiwada's house when he was apprehended, which contained seventeen copies of the same book, also first edition. Digging into the Ring case, Takanori is surprised that his father, Mitsuo, who now heads a private hospital, was involved. Mitsuo reveals the events that led to the propagation of the ring virus, but states that the virus is now extinct. Takanori suspects that Mitsuo is hiding something, especially after he gave an ambiguous answer about why the family registry mistakenly lists Takanori as being dead. Takanori deduces that he had died when he was three years old but somehow resurrected two years afterward. Upon further research of the Ring case, Takanori realizes that he has met Kashiwada years ago, but he was known as Ryuji Takayama back then. Connecting the dots between the physical similarities of Kashiwada's victims, Kihara theorizes that the victims were all clones of Sadako Yamamura, originator of the ring virus. It is possible that Kashiwada is hunting Sadako clones and, if he continues to hunt Akane, means that she is also a Sadako clone. During the premiere of Studio Oz's latest film, Takanori learns that Sakata's maiden name is Niimura. Requesting his friend to hack into her emails, Takanori connects to the emails of Hiroyuki, who is revealed to be Sakata's son. Hiroyuki keeps photos of the girls Kashiwada supposedly murdered, plus Akane's. Takanori finally realizes that Kashiwada had been framed and Hiroyuki was the real serial killer. The night after the information is found out, Takanori loses track of Akane's GPS. Just when he is about to go find her, the suicide video copy in his laptop turns on, only this time Seiji is not hanged. Seiji confirms that he is Ryuji, was the one who sent the video to Sakata, and recounts events surrounding the Ring virus. Akane arrives shortly, prompting Ryuji to reveal his secret: he fathered her with Masako Maruyama, the alias of the Sadako clone born from Mai Takano. As a result, Akane is not truly a clone, as she was conceived sexually, so could survive where the Sadako clones could not. Ryuji was the one who ended the ring virus for good; by stopping the film adaptation, destroying the first edition copies of Ring, and reprinting them with the cure formula, he managed to stop the virus from propagating. He relented to allow four Sadako clones to exist, but all of them ended up being murdered by Hiroyuki, a former student of his. Ryuji managed to save Akane, but in the process implicated the real Seiji Kashiwada, whom he impersonated and as a result was wrongly arrested and executed. Bidding farewell to them, Ryuji states that he will return to the "world where he came from". The next day, Takanori receives news of Hiroyuki's suicide in a train station, though he has a feeling that Akane was involved. Months later, Takanori and Akane hold their wedding. As Akane heads to her high school free from having to hide her pregnancy, she hears some girls discussing a rumor about a cursed video, hinting that the curse is about to start again. ==References== ==External links== * 'S' * Official product site Category:Japanese horror novels Category:The Ring (franchise) Category:Novels by Koji Suzuki Category:Vertical (publisher) titles Category:Japanese novels adapted into films
is a light novel series with homoerotic themes written by Saki Aida with art by Chiharu Nara. It is about a detective who goes undercover and who begins a relationship with his "S" – his spy. It was published in English by Digital Manga Publishing between May 2008 and February 2009. ==Reception== Holly Ellingwood, writing for Active Anime, praised the "gripping" writing of the second novel and enjoyed the suspense of the third novel, recommending it to fans of Yellow. Michelle Smith, writing for PopCultureShock, said that she found the fourth volume to be "better than most" other yaoi novels, appreciating that the story was "trying to be about something more than sex". ==References== ==External links== * Category:2005 Japanese novels Category:2005 manga Category:Digital Manga Publishing titles Category:Light novels Category:Sharp Point Press titles Category:Yaoi light novels
S is a statistical programming language developed primarily by John Chambers and (in earlier versions) Rick Becker and Allan Wilks of Bell Laboratories. The aim of the language, as expressed by John Chambers, is "to turn ideas into software, quickly and faithfully". The modern implementation of S is R, a part of the GNU free software project. S-PLUS, a commercial product, was formerly sold by TIBCO Software. ==History== ==="Old S"=== S is one of several statistical computing languages that were designed at Bell Laboratories, and first took form between 1975–1976. Up to that time, much of the statistical computing was done by directly calling Fortran subroutines; however, S was designed to offer an alternate and more interactive approach, motivated in part by exploratory data analysis advocated by John Tukey. Early design decisions that hold even today include interactive graphics devices (printers and character terminals at the time), and providing easily accessible documentation for the functions. The first working version of S was built in 1976, and operated on the GCOS operating system. At this time, S was unnamed, and suggestions included ISCS (Interactive SCS), SCS (Statistical Computing System), and SAS (Statistical Analysis System) (which was already taken: see SAS System). The name 'S' (used with single quotation marks until 1979) was chosen, as it was a common letter in the suggestions and consistent with other programming languages designed from the same institution at the time (namely the C programming language). When UNIX/32V was ported to the (then new) 32-bit DEC VAX, computing on the Unix platform became feasible for S. In late 1979, S was ported from GCOS to UNIX, which would become the new primary platform. In 1980 the first version of S was distributed outside Bell Laboratories and in 1981 source versions were made available. In 1984 two books were published by the research team at Bell Laboratories: S: An Interactive Environment for Data Analysis and Graphics (1984 Brown Book) and Extending the S System. Also, in 1984 the source code for S became licensed through AT&T; Software Sales for education and commercial purposes. ==="New S"=== By 1988, many changes were made to S and the syntax of the language. The New S Language (1988 Blue Book) was published to introduce the new features, such as the transition from macros to functions and how functions can be passed to other functions (such as `apply`). Many other changes to the S language were to extend the concept of "objects", and to make the syntax more consistent (and strict). However, many users found the transition to New S difficult, since their macros needed to be rewritten. Many other changes to S took hold, such as the use of X11 and PostScript graphics devices, rewriting many internal functions from Fortran to C, and the use of double precision (only) arithmetic. The New S language is very similar to that used in modern versions of S-PLUS and R. In 1991, Statistical Models in S (1991 White Book) was published, which introduced the use of formula-notation (which use the `~` operator), data frame objects, and modifications to the use of object methods and classes. ===S4=== The latest version of the S standard is S4, released in 1998. It provides advanced object-oriented features. S4 classes differ markedly from S3 classes; S4 formally defines the representation and inheritance for each class, and has multiple dispatch: the generic function can be dispatched to a method based on the class of any number of arguments, not just one. ==References== ==External links== *Evolution of the S Language, by John M. Chambers, discusses the new features in Version 4 of S (in PostScript format) Category:Statistical programming languages Category:Programming languages created in 1976
S is an axiomatic set theory set out by George Boolos in his 1989 article, "Iteration Again". S, a first-order theory, is two-sorted because its ontology includes “stages” as well as sets. Boolos designed S to embody his understanding of the “iterative conception of set“ and the associated iterative hierarchy. S has the important property that all axioms of Zermelo set theory Z, except the axiom of extensionality and the axiom of choice, are theorems of S or a slight modification thereof. ==Ontology== Any grouping together of mathematical, abstract, or concrete objects, however formed, is a collection, a synonym for what other set theories refer to as a class. The things that make up a collection are called elements or members. A common instance of a collection is the domain of discourse of a first-order theory. All sets are collections, but there are collections that are not sets. A synonym for collections that are not sets is proper class. An essential task of axiomatic set theory is to distinguish sets from proper classes, if only because mathematics is grounded in sets, with proper classes relegated to a purely descriptive role. The Von Neumann universe implements the “iterative conception of set” by stratifying the universe of sets into a series of "stages", with the sets at a given stage being possible members of the sets formed at all higher stages. The notion of stage goes as follows. Each stage is assigned an ordinal number. The lowest stage, stage 0, consists of all entities having no members. We assume that the only entity at stage 0 is the empty set, although this stage would include any urelements we would choose to admit. Stage n, n>0, consists of all possible sets formed from elements to be found in any stage whose number is less than n. Every set formed at stage n can also be formed at every stage greater than n.Boolos (1998:88). Hence the stages form a nested and well-ordered sequence, and would form a hierarchy if set membership were transitive. The iterative conception has gradually become more accepted, despite an imperfect understanding of its historical origins. The iterative conception of set steers clear, in a well-motivated way, of the well-known paradoxes of Russell, Burali-Forti, and Cantor. These paradoxes all result from the unrestricted use of the principle of comprehension of naive set theory. Collections such as "the class of all sets" or "the class of all ordinals" include sets from all stages of the iterative hierarchy. Hence such collections cannot be formed at any given stage, and thus cannot be sets. ==Primitive notions== This section follows Boolos (1998: 91). The variables x and y range over sets, while r, s, and t range over stages. There are three primitive two-place predicates: * Set–set: x∈y denotes, as usual, that set x is a member of set y; * Set–stage: Fxr denotes that set x “is formed at” stage r; * Stage–stage: r ~~\exist s[s Bxr is read as “set x is formed before stage r.” Identity, denoted by infix ‘=’, does not play the role in S it plays in other set theories, and Boolos does not make fully explicit whether the background logic includes identity. S has no axiom of extensionality and identity is absent from the other S axioms. Identity does appear in the axiom schema distinguishing S+ from S,Boolos (1998: 97). and in the derivation in S of the pairing, null set, and infinity axioms of Z.Boolos (1998: 103–04). ==Axioms== The symbolic axioms shown below are from Boolos (1998: 91), and govern how sets and stages behave and interact. The natural language versions of the axioms are intended to aid the intuition. The axioms come in two groups of three. The first group consists of axioms pertaining solely to stages and the stage-stage relation ‘<’. Tra: \forall r \forall s \forall t[r ~~“Earlier than” is transitive. Net: \forall s \forall t \exist r[t A consequence of Net is that every stage is earlier than some stage. Inf: \exist r \exist u [u The sole purpose of Inf is to enable deriving in S the axiom of infinity of other set theories. The second and final group of axioms involve both sets and stages, and the predicates other than '<': All: \forall x \exist r Fxr \,. Every set is formed at some stage in the hierarchy. When: \forall r \forall x [Fxr \leftrightarrow [\forall y (y \in x \rightarrow Byr) \land \lnot Bxr] ] \,. A set is formed at some stage iff its members are formed at earlier stages. Let A(y) be a formula of S where y is free but x is not. Then the following axiom schema holds: Spec: \exist r \forall y[A(y) \rightarrow Byr] \rightarrow \exist x \forall y[y \in x \leftrightarrow A(y)] \,. If there exists a stage r such that all sets satisfying A(y) are formed at a stage earlier than r, then there exists a set x whose members are just those sets satisfying A(y). The role of Spec in S is analogous to that of the axiom schema of specification of Z. ==Discussion== Boolos’s name for Zermelo set theory minus extensionality was Z-. Boolos derived in S all axioms of Z- except the axiom of choice.Boolos (1998: 95–96; 103–04). The purpose of this exercise was to show how most of conventional set theory can be derived from the iterative conception of set, assumed embodied in S. Extensionality does not follow from the iterative conception, and so is not a theorem of S. However, S + Extensionality is free of contradiction if S is free of contradiction. Boolos then altered Spec to obtain a variant of S he called S+, such that the axiom schema of replacement is derivable in S+ + Extensionality. Hence S+ + Extensionality has the power of ZF. Boolos also argued that the axiom of choice does not follow from the iterative conception, but did not address whether Choice could be added to S in some way.Boolos (1998: 97). Hence S+ + Extensionality cannot prove those theorems of the conventional set theory ZFC whose proofs require Choice. Inf guarantees the existence of stages ω, and of ω + n for finite n, but not of stage ω + ω. Nevertheless, S yields enough of Cantor's paradise to ground almost all of contemporary mathematics.”…the overwhelming majority of 20th century mathematics is straightforwardly representable by sets of fairly low infinite ranks, certainly less than ω + 20.” (Potter 2004: 220). The exceptions to Potter's statement presumably include category theory, which requires the weakly inaccessible cardinals afforded by Tarski–Grothendieck set theory, and the higher reaches of set theory itself. Boolos compares S at some length to a variant of the system of Frege’s Grundgesetze, in which Hume's principle, taken as an axiom, replaces Frege’s Basic Law V, an unrestricted comprehension axiom which made Frege's system inconsistent; see Russell's paradox. ==Footnotes== ==References== * . Reprinted in: . * . Category:Set theory Category:Systems of set theory Category:Z notation
S 10 (also Abydos-south S10) is the modern name given to a monumental ancient Egyptian tomb complex at Abydos in Egypt. The tomb is most likely royal and dates to the mid-13th Dynasty. Finds from nearby tombs indicate that S10 suffered extensive state-sanctioned stone and grave robbing during the Second Intermediate Period, only a few decades after its construction, as well as during the later Roman and Coptic periods. These finds also show that S10 was used for an actual burial and belonged to a king "Sobekhotep", now believed to be pharaoh Sobekhotep IV (fl. c. 1725 BC). According to the Egyptologist Josef W. Wegner who excavated S10, the tomb might originally have been capped by a pyramid, although Aidan Dodson states that it is still unclear whether S10 was a pyramid or a mastaba. ==Description== thumb|Abydos, plan of tomb S10, as published in 1904 The tomb structure is part of a royal necropolis dating back to the late Middle Kingdom – Second Intermediate Period, which is located close to the ancient town of Wah-Sut, next to the much bigger funerary complex of Senusret III of the 12th Dynasty, at the foot of the so-called Mountain of Anubis, a natural hill in the form of a pyramid. It was first excavated in 1901–02 by Ayrton, Weigall and Petrie, who found it heavily looted and disturbed. The complex consists of a rectangular brick walled structure, some in size, described by the first excavators as a mastaba, who however gave no evidence supporting this classification. At the north side there is an entrance to a system of underground and limestone paved corridors leading to the burial chamber that was found heavily destroyed. More recent excavations discovered fragments of a canopic jar, demonstrating that the tomb was once used. There is evidence that the tomb was already heavily looted in the Second Intermediate Period. A massive (60-ton) red quartzite sarcophagus quarried at El-Gabal el-Ahmar near the modern Cairo, most likely originally located in this tomb, was found in a later royal tomb in the same necropolis (CS6). Planks from the cedar coffin from tomb S10 were reused by king Senebkay for his own neighboring burial (tomb CS9). The coffin was inscribed on the outside with Coffin Texts spells 777-785. Only few parts of the texts survived, but coffins with these spells are typical for the late Middle Kingdom at Abydos. On the fragments there appears the name of the king Sobekhotep. Nothing was found of the superstructure, but it is possible that there was a pyramid on top. Several fragments of a funerary stele were also found on site, however the stele was most likely reused in the adjacent intrusive tomb of king Senebkay, and none of the fragments were found in context. On the fragments of the stela appears again the name Sobekhotep. ==Attribution== thumb|upright|Statue of Sobekhotep IV, for whom S10 might have been built. Since the discovery of the tomb and until 2015, it was unknown who was buried here. Excavations in 2003 and in 2014 made it very likely that the structure was once a royal tomb. At the latter date, during the excavation directed by Josef W. Wegner of the University of Pennsylvania, a fragment of a funerary tomb stela bearing a relief naming a king Sobek[hotep] was found inside the enclosure, on the eastern side of the complex, close to where a small funerary chapel might once have existed. While in early press reports, published just after the discovery, king Sobekhotep I was named as the possible owner of the tomb, further analyses now indicate that this might belong to Sobekhotep IV instead. Indeed, not only do the fragments of wooden sarcophagus uncovered indicate a late Middle Kingdom date for the construction of S10, but its size means that its owner would have had to reign for long enough to complete it. This only leaves Sobekhotep III, IV, and VI as possibilities, with Sobekhotep IV being the most likely as he enjoyed the longest reign of these three kings. In addition, Sobekhotep IV is the only one of these kings for whom it is known with certainty that he undertook other works in Abydos. As a corollary, the nearby and slightly larger tomb S9 most likely belongs to Sobekhotep IV's predecessor and brother, Neferhotep I. ==References== ==Sources== * * * * * * * * Category:Tombs of ancient Egypt Category:Abydos, Egypt sites
S 30 is a sailboat class designed by Knud Reimers and built in about 300 copies. ==History== The S 30 was designed by Knud Reimers for Göta Segelsällskap and Swedish Sailing Federation and produced by Fisksätra varv. ==References== Category:1970s sailboat type designs Category:Sailboat type designs by Swedish designers Category:Keelboats Category:Sailboat types built in Sweden
S 9 (also Abydos-south S9) is the modern name given to a monumental ancient Egyptian tomb complex at Abydos in Egypt. The tomb is most likely royal and dates to the mid-13th Dynasty, during the late Middle Kingdom. Finds from the area of the tomb indicate that S9 suffered extensive, state-sanctioned stone and grave robbing during the Second Intermediate Period, only a few decades after its construction, as well as during the later Roman and Coptic periods. Although no direct evidence was found to determine the tomb owner, strong indirect evidence suggest that the neighbouring and slightly smaller tomb S10 belongs to pharaoh Sobekhotep IV (fl. c. 1725 BC). Consequently, S9 has been tentatively attributed by the Egyptologist Josef W. Wegner to Sobekhotep IV's predecessor and brother, Neferhotep I (fl. c. 1735 BC). According to Wegner, the tomb might originally have been capped by a pyramid. ==Description== ===Location=== Tomb S9 is part of a royal necropolis dating back to the late Middle Kingdom – Second Intermediate Period, which is located immediately northeast of the causeway leading to the much bigger funerary complex of Senusret III of the 12th Dynasty, close to the ancient town of Wah-Sut and at the foot of the so-called Mountain of Anubis, a natural hill in the form of a pyramid. It was first summarily explored by Émile Amélineau and subsequently excavated by Ayrton, Weigall and Petrie in 1901–1902. The tomb was covered in sand and proved to have been heavily disturbed, for example, the stone roof of the subterranean chambers had been plundered. ===Layout=== thumb|Plan of the substructures of the tomb S9 in Abydos as uncovered by the 1901–1902 excavations. Tomb S9 comprises the remains of a mudbrick inner enclosure wall, over in size, as well as a section of an outer whitewashed wavy wall in front of the northern side. There, lay a small rectangular chapel of which only one course of bricks survives, and beyond the entrance to the substructures. The overall layout of the tomb complex is very similar to that of the Southern Mazghuna pyramid. The substructures were dug into the hard sand, some below the surface, and lined with smooth limestone blocks. A passage leads to a quartzite portcullis, intended to stop tomb robbers from reaching the burial chamber. Beyond the portcullis was a stone-lined chamber in dimensions, the floor of which hid a further passage blocked by two portcullises, one of limestone and another of quartzite. Beyond, lies the burial chamber housing a massive sarcophagus built from three blocks of quartzite sandstone, roughly hewn on the outside, but well polished on the inside. The southern end of the burial chamber also had a recess meant to hold grave goods. Overall, the plan of the substructures of tomb S9 is similar to those found in the Pyramid of Khendjer. Small fragments of burned wood were uncovered there during the 1901 excavations suggest that the wooden coffin of the king was destroyed. Since then, burned bandages, small pieces of inscribed, gilded plaster from the king's mummy mask, and pieces of wood and faience inlay, stone jars, beads, and bone needles were unearthed in the substructures as well as in the rubbles of the enclosure wall. ===Type=== No traces of the superstructures once capping tomb S9 have survived and determining its type—mastaba or pyramid—remains difficult. Ayrton, Weigall and Petrie believed S9 was a mastaba, because of the enclosing wall which they thought would have held the sand packed on top of the substructures. However, the royal nature of S9 and S10 as well as their architectural similarities to pyramids of the late Middle Kingdom in the area of Memphis have led Wegner to suggest S9 might have been a pyramid too. In spite of these arguments, the Egyptologist Aidan Dodson asserts that it is still unclear whether S9 was a mastaba or a pyramid. ==Attribution== Excavations in 2003 and in 2014 made it very likely that this structure as well as the neighbouring one S10 were originally royal tombs. At the latter date, during excavations directed by Josef W. Wegner of the University of Pennsylvania, a fragment of a funerary tomb stela bearing a relief naming a king Sobek[hotep] was found inside the enclosure of tomb S10, on the eastern side of the complex, where a funerary temple might once have existed. In addition, fragments of wooden coffin inscribed for the same Sobekhotep were uncovered in later Second Intermediate Period tombs adjacent to S10. These fragments indicate a late Middle Kingdom date for the construction of S10. While in early press reports, published just after these discoveries, King Sobekhotep I was named as the possible owner of the tomb, further analyses now indicate that S10 might belong to Sobekhotep IV instead. Indeed, not only do the fragments of wooden coffin uncovered indicate a late Middle Kingdom date for the construction of S10, but its size means that its owner would have had to reign for long enough to complete it. This only leaves Sobekhotep III, IV, and VI as possibilities, with Sobekhotep IV being the most likely as he enjoyed the longest reign of these three kings. In addition, Sobekhotep IV is the only one of these kings for whom it is known with certainty that he undertook other works in Abydos. As a corollary, tomb S9 likely belongs to Sobekhotep IV's predecessor and brother, Neferhotep I. This is perhaps indirectly confirmed by the observation that both Sobekhotep IV and Neferhotep I are known to have been particularly active in Abydos. ==References== ==Sources== * * * * * * Category:Tombs of ancient Egypt Category:Abydos, Egypt sites Category:Buildings and structures of the Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt
S Antliae is a W Ursae Majoris-type eclipsing binary star in Antlia. ==Characteristics== S Antilia is classed as an A-type W Ursae Majoris variable, since the primary is hotter than the secondary and the drop in magnitude is caused by the latter passing in front of the former. S Antilia varies in apparent magnitude from 6.27 to 6.83 over a period of 15.6 hours. The system shines with a combined spectrum of A9V. The system's orbital period is 0.648 days. The stars' centres are an average of 3.31 times the sun's radius apart, which places their surfaces just 3.4 times the sun's radius apart. Thus, the two stars will eventually merge to form a single fast- spinning star. Calculating the properties of the component stars from the orbital period indicates that the primary star has a mass 0.79 times and a diameter 1.46 times that of the Sun, and the secondary has a mass 0.47 times and a diameter 1.13 times that of the Sun. The primary has a surface temperature of 7800 K, while the secondary is a little cooler at 7340 K. The two stars have similar luminosity and spectral type as they have a common envelope and share stellar material. The system is thought to be around two billion years old. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 11.84 milliarc seconds as measured by the Hipparcos satellite, this system is from Earth. Analysing and recalibrating yields a parallax of 13.30 and hence a distance of . ==History== The star's variability was first recorded in 1888 by H.M. Paul, when it had the shortest known period of any variable star. It was initially thought to be an Algol-type eclipsing binary, but this was discounted by E.C. Pickering on account of it lacking a shallow minimum in its maximum and the width of its minimum period. Alfred H. Joy noted the similarity of its light curve to W Ursae Majoris in 1926, concluding the system was indeed an eclipsing binary with two stars of spectral type A8. ==References== Category:Antlia 082610 Category:W Ursae Majoris variables Antliae, S 3798 046810 Category:Durchmusterung objects Category:A-type main-sequence stars
S Apodis , also known as HD 133444 is a variable star located in the southern circumpolar constellation Apus. It has an apparent magnitude ranging from 9.6 to 17, which is below the limit for naked eye visibility. The object is located relatively far at a distance of approximately 15,000 light years based on Gaia DR3 parallax measurements, but it is drifting closer with a heliocentric radial velocity of . HD 133444 has been known to be a variable star since 1896. However, its nature as a carbon star was not observed until 1967 by astronomer Brian Warner. In 1973, HD 133444 was listed as a R Coronae Borealis variable. These are extremely hydrogen-deficient supergiants thought to have arisen as the result of the merger of two white dwarfs and fewer than 100 have been discovered as of 2013. A decade later, S Apodis was observed to have a change it its pulsation mode. S Apodis has a stellar classification of R3, indicating that it is a R-type carbon star. It has a mass of either or , depending on the model. However, it has expanded to an average radius 132 times that of the Sun. It radiates 960 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of , giving it an orange hue. An infrared excess has been detected around the star, indicating the presence of circumstellar dust. The dust has a temperature of 730 K. ==References== Category:Apus Category:R Coronae Borealis variables 133444 Apodis, S Category:Durchmusterung objects 074179 15092452-7203451
S Arae (S Ara) is an RR Lyrae-type pulsating variable star in the constellation of Ara. It has an apparent visual magnitude which varies between 9.92 and 11.24 during its 10.85-hour pulsation period, and it exhibits the Blazhko effect. ==References== Category:Ara (constellation) Category:RR Lyrae variables Category:A-type bright giants 088064 Arae, S Category:Durchmusterung objects
S. B. Patil is a junior college in Pune. Its science and commerce college was Established in 2014. SBPCSC is one of the top college in Pune. It is located in Ravet Pune. ==About college== It is science and commerce college. It provide student excellent knowledge about every subject. It is located in Ravet. It provide bus facility to student who stay away from the college. It managed by PCET trust. ==Infrastructure and amenities== *Multi purpose hall for indoor games *Classrooms with E-learning facility *Well equipped laboratories *Amly stocked library *Spacious Campus *Reading room *Hostel facility *Bus facility *Tutorial room *Playground for sports and extra curricular activities ==Departments== *CS & IT Department *English Department *Geography Department *Mathematics Department *Physics Department *Chemistry Department *Biology Department ==See also== * List of educational institutions in Pune == External links == * Official website * To interact with students, visit Category:Science colleges in India Category:Colleges affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University Category:Universities and colleges in Pune Category:Education in Pimpri-Chinchwad Category:Educational institutions established in 2014 Category:2014 establishments in Maharashtra
S Bannister (born 1787) was an early British equestrian performer and tightrope walker. Her sister Mary Bannister was also an equestrian performer (with swords). ==Life== Bannister was born in 1787.John M. Turner, ‘Bannister, James (1758/9–1836)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 6 July 2017 She was the daughter of James Bannister and she had a sister named Mary. Her father was one of the first people to take a circus on tour in Britain. When his equestrian show arrived in Stamford in 1804 she was with him. She and the circus toured in Scotland and Northern England until her father went bankrupt (he later died in 1836). left|thumb|A poster for the "Olympic Circus" and "Equestrian Troupe" Her riding and tightrope skills however were said to create "much celebrity" and she went to work at Britain's first circus, Astley's Amphitheatre. When Astley died in 1821 she was the head horserider and she stayed and worked for the new manager, William Davis, and then for Charles Dibdin. She disappears from the records after marrying Edward Wilson. Although another source says that she married not Wilson but Clough and she appeared as Mrs Clough. ==Mary Bannister== Her younger sister Mary was also an accomplished equestrian performer and she was known for showing off her skills with swords whilst riding horses. She would train women to ride but she was known for appearing at Covent Garden and in pantomime. She retired after she married the tightrope dancer Thomas Wilson. She died in Camberwell on 20 November 1877. ==References== Category:1787 births Category:British horse trainers Category:Tightrope walkers Category:Year of death unknown Category:18th- century circus performers
S Boötis is a Mira variable in the constellation Boötes. It ranges between magnitudes 7.8 and 13.8 over a period of approximately 270 days. ==References== Category:Boötes Category:Mira variables 126289 Category:M-type giants 070291 Boötis, S Category:Durchmusterung objects
The S Bridge is a historic stone arch bridge, spanning Salt Fork about east of Old Washington, Ohio. Built in 1828, it is one of the best-preserved surviving bridges built for the westward expansion of the National Road from Wheeling, West Virginia to Columbus, Ohio. S bridges derive their name from the sharply curving approaches to the span. The bridge was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1964. The bridge is closed to traffic, and may be seen from Blend Road on the north and Rhinehart Road on the south. ==Description and history== The S Bridge is located about four miles east of Old Washington, just north of the current alignments of Interstate 70 and County Road 690. The latter provides access to the roads leading to the bridge, Blend Road and Rhinehart Road. The road alignment it follows is historically that of the National Road, and later United States Route 40. The bridge is approximately long, including approach elements. The main span is a segmented stone arch, whose crown is typically above the streambed. The bridge is built out of randomly laid ashlar stone, which rises to low parapets giving a roadway width of . There are large stone buttresses reinforcing each end of the arched section. The bridge's characteristic S shape is derived from the sharply curving approaches on either side of the main span. The National Road was a project authorized by the United States Congress when it created the state of Ohio, in order to provide a reliable transport route across the Appalachian Mountains. The road was completed to Wheeling in 1818, and Congress authorized an extension to Columbus in 1825. This bridge was built as part of that expansion project, and was the major route by which Ohio and the Old Northwest were settled. This is one of four surviving S bridges built in Ohio for the National Road. ==See also== *National Historic Landmarks in Ohio *List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio ==References== ==External links== * at the National Park Service's NRHP database Category:Bridges completed in 1828 Category:National Historic Landmarks in Ohio Category:National Road Category:Road bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio Category:Transportation in Guernsey County, Ohio Category:National Register of Historic Places in Guernsey County, Ohio Category:Buildings and structures in Guernsey County, Ohio Category:Stone arch bridges in the United States
S Burjavalasa is a village located in Dattirajeru tehsil of Vizianagaram District. It is 15 km away from Dattirajeru and 45 km away from Vizianagaram. ==References== Category:Villages in Vizianagaram district
Satish Chandra Rai (12 February 1929 - 28 August 2016) was a surgeon from Uttar Pradesh. He was the first elected mayor of Lucknow and personal doctor to two Prime Ministers. == References == Category:1937 births Category:2016 deaths Category:Politicians from Lucknow Category:Mayors of Lucknow Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh
S Canis Minoris is a variable star in the equatorial constellation Canis Minor. It has a peak apparent visual magnitude of , which lies below the minimum brightness that is normally visible to the naked eye. The star is located at a distance of approximately 1,600 light-years from the Sun based on stellar parallax, and is drifting further away with a radial velocity of about +68 km/s. This is an aging red giant star with a stellar classification of M7-8e, where the 'e' suffix indicates emission lines in the spectrum. It is a Mira-type long period variable that varies by an amplitude of 4.27 in visual magnitude over a period of . Evidence has been found of asymmetry in this star, suggesting a non-spherical shape. Abundance-wise, it is an oxygen-rich giant and the emission feature is of the oxygen-rich silicate class as it sheds silicate dust from its atmosphere. The star is shedding mass at the rate of ·yr−1. ==References== Category:M-type giants Category:Mira variables Category:Canis Minor Category:Durchmusterung objects 059950 036675 Canis Minoris, S Category:Emission-line stars
The Bayer designations S Carinae and s Carinae are distinct. Due to technical limitations, both designations link here. For the star * S Carinae or HD 88366 * s Carinae or HD 90853 Carinae, A Category:Carina (constellation)